cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-compartment behavior during transport of folate compounds in L1210 cell plasma membrane vesicles.

The transport of [3H] 1,l 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, [3H] folic acid, and [3H]methotrexate by L1210 cell plasma membrane vesicles exhibited multicompartmental behavior. Two separate vesicular compartments (parallel relationship) of approximately equal volume were revealed during measurements of influx and efflux. Flux in one compartment was rapid, saturable, highly temperature-sensitive, and inhibited by pCMBS. Flux in the other compartment exhibited all of the characteristics of passive diffusion. These results imply that our plasma membrane vesicle preparations consist of a mixture of two functional species. Transport of folate into one of these species occurs by passive diffusion alone, whereas transport into the other kind of vesicle occurs by both passive diffusion and carrier-facilitated transport.
Prevention of Thiram-induced dyschondroplasia by copper

Abstract Broiler chicks were dietarily intoxicated with Thiram. The toxic effects observed included reduced ceruloplasmin activity and bone strength, and suppressed primary humoral immunity. In addition, Thiram induced a lesion characterized by abnormal cartilage formation in the proximal end of the tibiotarsus known as tibial dyschondroplasia. The incidence and severity of dyschondroplasia induced by Thiram was reduced by supplementing the diet with CuSO 4 , but not with ZnSO 4 or MnSO 4 . However, all three trace elements prevented the adverse effect of Thiram on primary humoral immunity. The prevention of toxicity of Thiram by supplementing the diets with trace elements strongly suggested that either Thiram interfered with the metabolism of trace elements or the trace elements rendered Thiram less toxic. Based on these observations, we conclude that the etiology of Thiram-induced dyschondroplasia is distinct from dyschondroplasia which is not prevented by dietary copper supplementation.
Current status of anti-HBV chemotherapy.

In the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in the battle against hepatitis B virus. In addition to the immunomodulating agents such as interferon-α and thymosin, many novel antiviral agents have been discovered, among which nucleoside analogues are the main-stay. New-generation compounds such as 3TC and famciclovir have shown promise in the treatment of patients chronically infected by this virus, and are on the line for approval. However, viral rebound after cessation of therapy still remains a major problem. Additionally, the reports on the drug resistance to these antiviral agents suggest that combination therapy will be the eventual strategy (Bartholomewet al., 1997; Tippleset al., 1996). Therefore, developments of safe and effective antiviral agents which do not cross-resist with currently available antiviral drugs are still much needed.
ATTITUDE SIMILARITY AND EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL COUNSELORS

Su7nnrdry.-It was hypothesized that attitudinally similar, potential counselors would be evaluated more positively than attitudinally dissimilar ones. Each S received a 12-item Survey of Attitudes (which evidenced either 17% or 83% agreement with S's own attitudes) purportedly filled out by another undergraduate who was planning to enter the field of guidance and counseling. S then evaluated this stimulus person for his probable level of sympathy, understanding, and eEfectiveness in dealing with psychological problems and indicated the degree to which he would likely be willing to discuss with this potential counselor whatever academic, family, heterosexual, and emotional problems he might have. More favorable waluacions were elicited by the attitudinally similar, potential counselors on all of the dependent variables. Individuals tend to be more attracted to others who are similar rather than dissimilar to themselves ir. attitudes and beliefs (Byrne, 1961). Related findings show that similar attimdes constitute positive reinforcements and dissimiliar attitudes negative reinforcements (Golightly & Byrne, 1964) and that one's attraction to another is a linear function of the proportion of positive reinforcements he receives from this person (Byrne & Nelson, 1965). In a more general formulation of these phencmena (Byrne & Clore, 1970), attraction is viewed as one type of the evaluative responses elicited by the reinforcing stimuli associated with the person evaluate&. Other types of evaluative responses elicited by similar and dissimilar attitudes have been investigated, and the findings have demonsuated the pervasive effects of reinforcing stimuli on interpersonal evaluations. As the degree of attitude similarity to the evaluator increases, the more likely it is that the evaluator will approve a larger loan to a borrower (Golightly, Huffman, & Byme, in press), hire a job applicant (Griffith & Jackson, 1970), vote for a political candidate (Byme, Bond, & Diamond, 1969), and favorably assess the quality of a learner's task-performance (Smith, Meadow, & Sisk, 1970). Of interest to the present authors were the possible effects of attitude similarity-dissimilarity upor, the relationship between a counselor (or clinician) and a client. It is conceivable that judgments made by counselors concerning such factors as emotional adjustment, occupational suitability, and academic motivation could be influenced by the reinforcing stimuli associated with the person they are dealing with in a counseling situation. Such biases in the evaluational work of counselors aze clearly not desirable and are presumably guarded against by workers in the field. On the other hand, clients might also respond to the reinforcing stimuli associated with a counselor in such a way as to affect rapport in diagnostic testing, openness in discussing personal matters, willingness
Prolonged Electroencephalogram Monitoring for Seizures and Their Treatment

This article reviews the diagnosis of neonatal seizures using routine electroencephalogram (EEG) examinations and long-term EEG monitoring. EEG is considered the gold standard for identifying the presence and quantifying the burden of neonatal seizures. The most common medication used to treat neonatal seizures is phenobarbital, although its efficacy has never been demonstrated by a formal, randomized, placebo-controlled drug trial.
Uses of Direct and Indirect Measures A Case Study of Program Impact in the Energy Conservation Field

This article assesses selected direct and indirect measures of energy conservation program impact. The analysis is based on a case study of three sets of impact data generated by one of the Energy Extension Service's most successful pilot period programs. The indirect estimates are found to run about twice as high as the estimate based on before-and-after direct measurements and to suffer from large sampling errors. Although more accurate and reliable, direct measurements can encounter problems of time and cost. In such cases, survey evidence on implementation rates can be combined with pretest evidence on possible savings to yield usable esiimates of program impact.
Recurrent inhibition and facilitation in the monkey, Macaca mulatta, in relation to spinal shock.

Abstract Recurrent effects were studied in split ventral roots in 30 monkeys. Inhibition was deeper in the decerebrate than in the acutely spinal preparation. Inhibition was equal or nearly so on the two sides in animals with chronic lateral hemisection followed by acute transection and recording. Unilateral lesion of the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus in the decerebrate enhanced inhibition bilaterally. A central lesion of pons or upper medulla had a similar effect. Lesions of the ventral and the ventrolateral parts of the lateral funiculi reduced or abolished recurrent inhibition. In chronically spinal monkeys inhibition was cut short by prolonged facilitation. We concluded that: ( a ) Renshaw cells were inhibited by reticulospinal pathways descending in the dorsal portions of the lateral funiculi and facilitated by fibers in the ventral and ventrolateral parts of the lateral funiculi; ( b ) that they suffered spinal shock less in degree than did other interneurons but far greater in monkey than in cat; ( c ) that recurrent inhibition was probably a factor in spinal shock; ( d ) that recurrent facilitation was characteristic of the chronically spinal monkey and is presumably a factor in the hyperreflexia of paraplegia, and ( e ) that in monkey, as in cat, the recurrent interaction between synergic muscles was reciprocal inhibition.
Hematologic complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The hematologic manifestations of HIV infection and AIDS are common and may cause symptoms that are life-threatening and impair the quality of life of these patients. The most important of these manifestations are cytopenias. Anemia and neutropenia are generally caused by inadequate production because of suppression of the bone marrow by the HIV infection through abnormal cytokine expression and alteration of the bone marrow microenvironment. Thrombocytopenia is caused by immune-mediated destruction of the platelets, in addition to inadequate platelet production. The incidence and severity of cytopenia are generally correlated to the stage of the HIV infection. Other causes of cytopenia in these patients include adverse effects of drug therapy, the secondary effects of opportunistic infections or malignancies, or other preexisting or coexisting medical problems that may be prevalent in the HIV-infected population. Diagnosis of the mechanism and cause of the cytopenia may allow for specific management. Optimal management of the underlying HIV infection is essential, and mild cytopenia in asymptomatic patients may need no specific management. Supportive care for anemia includes the use of erythropoietin in addition to the judicious use of red blood cell transfusions. Therapy for neutropenia includes the use of the myeloid growth factors G-CSF and GM-CSF. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia may be treated with a combination of zidovudine, corticosteroids, IVGG, and splenectomy. Platelet transfusions are sometimes needed for the treatment of thrombocytopenia caused by decreased production. Other hematologic manifestations such as hypergammaglobulinemia and lupus anticoagulants are commonly asymptomatic and usually require no specific therapy, but they can rarely cause morbidity and require specific interventions.
Can density or entropy fluctuations explain enhanced translational diffusion in glass-forming liquids?

Abstract Density and entropy fluctuations which are present in all equilibrium liquids may explain several experimental observations in supercooled liquids. Although the magnitude of these fluctuations changes little with temperature, the sensitivity of molecular motion to changes in density and entropy increases strongly as the glass transition temperature (Tg) is approached from above. It is shown that density and entropy fluctuations can plausibly account for non-exponential relaxation processes and the enhancement of translational diffusion in deeply supercooled liquids. In particular, the entropy model correctly predicts that probe translation near Tg in o-terphenyl and polystyrene is more enhanced than in polyisobutylene.
The effects of the interaction of outboard motors with the aquatic environment?A review

Abstract The effects of the compounds associated with outboard motor subsurface exhausts on water quality and aquatic biota are reviewed. The problems affiliated with water quality may include the formation of undesirable tastes and odors and the appearance of oily substances. It has been demonstrated that outboard motor exhaust water can exhibit a toxic effect in sufficiently high concentrations to fathead minnows and bluegills, taints the flesh of various fish, and may affect the reproduction of fish. A discussion of the current research related to the effects of outboard motors on the aquatic environment is presented. Recommendations are given for future research to broaden the understanding of the interaction of outboard motors with the aquatic environment.
Development and certification of a standard reference material for vitamin D metabolites in human serum.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS), has developed a Standard Reference Material (SRM) for the determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in serum. SRM 972 Vitamin D in Human Serum consists of four serum pools with different levels of vitamin D metabolites and has certified and reference values for 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3. Value assignment of this SRM was accomplished using a combination of three isotope-dilution mass spectrometry approaches, with measurements performed at NIST and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Chromatographic resolution of the 3-epimer of 25(OH)D3 proved to be essential for accurate determination of the metabolites.
Formation, Characterization, and Segmental Mobilities of Block Copolymers in Their Urea Inclusion Compound Crystals

We report the formation of crystalline inclusion compounds (ICs) between the small-molecule host urea (U) and two block copolymer guests: (i) poly(e-caprolactone)−polybutadiene (PCL−PBD) and (ii) ...
Cell-intrinsic differences between stem cells from different regions of the peripheral nervous system regulate the generation of neural diversity

Stem cells in different regions of the nervous system give rise to different types of mature cells. This diversity is assumed to arise in response to local environmental differences, but the contribution of cell-intrinsic differences between stem cells has been unclear. At embryonic day (E)14, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) undergo primarily neurogenesis in the gut but gliogenesis in nerves. Yet gliogenic and neurogenic factors are expressed in both locations. NCSCs isolated by flow-cytometry from E14 sciatic nerve and gut exhibited heritable, cell-intrinsic differences in their responsiveness to lineage determination factors. Gut NCSCs were more responsive to neurogenic factors, while sciatic nerve NCSCs were more responsive to gliogenic factors. Upon transplantation of uncultured NCSCs into developing peripheral nerves in vivo, sciatic nerve NCSCs gave rise only to glia, while gut NCSCs gave rise primarily to neurons. Thus, cell fate in the nerve was stem cell determined.
Interaction of CO with hydrous ruthenium oxide and development of a chemoresistive ambient CO sensor

Abstract Hydrated ruthenium oxide (RuO x (OH) y ), the material of interest in this study was prepared by reaction of an aqueous solution of ruthenium chloride with base. This material was amorphous, made up of 20–50 nm particles and contains Ru(III) and Ru(IV), as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conductivity of thick films of RuO x (OH) y decreased in the presence of CO in a background of air and this change was reversible. Infrared spectroscopy showed the formation of carbonates in the presence of CO, which disappeared upon replacement of CO with O 2 . Upon heating RuO x (OH) y , there was a gradual conversion to crystalline RuO 2 beyond 200 °C. With these heated materials, the resistance change in the presence of CO at room temperature also gradually diminished. We propose that oxidation of CO on RuO x (OH) y leads to reduction of the ruthenium and a decrease in conductivity. With the conversion to crystalline RuO 2 upon heating, the material becomes metallic and conductivity changes are diminished. The change in conductivity of RuO x (OH) y with CO provides a convenient platform for an ambient CO sensor. Such a device also does not show interference from hydrocarbons (2000 ppm), ammonia (150 ppm), CO 2 (2000 ppm), NO (15 ppm) and NO 2 (15 ppm).
Field-theoretic version of a two-dimensional Coulomb gas with repulsive cores

Author(s): Jargocki, C; Bander, M | Abstract: The statistical mechanics of a two-dimensional gas of charged particles with repulsive short-distance cores, in addition to their electrostatic Coulomb interactions, is recast into a sine-Gordon-like field theory. The Kosterlitz-Thouless renormalization-group flow equations are readily obtained. The theory may be expressed in terms of fermionic variables. © 1981 The American Physical Society.
Amine oxide/alcohol ethoxylate blends: Zero-phosphate, high-performance, hard-surface cleaners

Several instances of synergistic interaction have been identified between amine oxides and alcohol ethoxylates in various surfactant formulations. The purpose of this study was to examine whether these benefits could be observed within the framework of generic hard-surface cleaning formulations. Comparative evaluations were also carried out to determine the performance characteristics of low- and zero-phosphate systems in which alkyldimethylamine oxides and linear alcohol ethoxylates are used. Best cleaning was observed with 1:1 mixtures of the subject surfactants, but substantial improvements over alcohol ethoxylate alone also were noted with formulations that contained lower ratios of amine oxide. These systems displayed good cleaning performance when tested on vinyl floor tiles soiled with an oily/particulate soil.
Incidence and Effects of Cuterebra in Peromyscus

Peromyscus leucopus is the favored host for Cuterebra angustifrons on the AEC Reservation near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Feromyscus nuttalli is a host of C. angustifrons also, but no other cricetid (5 species, > 4000 captures) was infested. Percentages of infestation in P. leucopus during 1958–1964 ranged from 19 to 33% per year; the overall average per year was 25%. In general, the infestation period in P. leucopus is June–December, the greatest percentages occurring in summer. Infested mice were found in certain nonforested areas, as well as in forested areas. Eighty-one per cent of the mice carried one bot, 16% had two bots and 3% had three bots; 87% of the larvae were located in the inguinal region. There was no difference in percentage of infestation between sexes. Erythrocyte count, hematocrit percentage and hemoglobin concentration were consistently lower in infested mice, and total leucocyte number was greater. The infestation period for P. leucopus in this area is about 3 months longer than in southern Canada and northern U. S. Consequently, hematological effects caused by Cuterebra myiasis are present for a considerably longer time in P. leucopus populations in this area than in the areas farther north.
Facile preparation of deoxy(thiocyanato)celluloses

Abstract Deoxy(thiocyanato)celluloses were prepared by treating chlorodeoxycellulose fabrics with potassium thiocyanate in N,N -dimethylformamide. Under optimal reaction-conditions, more than 80% of the chlorine atoms in the cellulose derivative were replaced by thiocyanate groups. Both the chlorodeoxy- and deoxy(thiocyanato)cellulose fabrics exhibited moderate antibacterial activities. Variables studied were thiocyanate concentration, reaction time and temperature, and degree of substitution of the chlorodeoxycellulose in the fabrics being treated. The effect that each of these variables had on the replacement of chlorine atoms by thiocyanate groups was investigated. The tensile, wrinkle-recovery, and biocidal properties of the chlorodeoxy- and deoxy(thiocyanato)cellulose fabrics were also compared.
Settling Scores with Vinteuil: Musical Textures in Proust and Echenoz

This paper explores two notable moments in the history of musically inspired fiction: Marcel Proust’s A la recherche du temps perdu and Jean Echenoz’s Cherokee. Focusing on the understudied question of music considered as a textural model for literary representation, I ask what the depictions of musical performances in these two novels reveal about their authors’ larger representational projects, and suggest that they provide revealing insights into their respective views on the relationship between foreground and background, character and place, consciousness and world. In this sense, it is possible to read the musical passages in Cherokee as a kind of ironic rejoinder to Proust’s depictions of Vinteuil’s music, elucidating Echenoz’s decision to set aside almost all consideration of his characters’ interiority in favour of an externalist poetics of surfaces and contingent encounters.
Assessment of effects of soil variability on maximum alfalfa yields, New York

Abstract A form of grid sampling was used to determine the effect of environmental characteristics (soil series and associated soil property differences) on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) yields in the third crop year from a randomized complete block design. The experiment, which was initially designed as a maximum yield alfalfa study, was reinterpreted to assess the yield impact of soil series and associated soil property differences, such as depth to gray mottles, solum thickness, depth to a dense layer and thickness of a silt mantle. The 24 plots, each 6 m by 5 m, constituted a randomized complete block design with 8 replications of each of 3 systems at high-level management of harvest. The 0.4 ha experimental area was initially thought to be on relatively uniform, nearly level Erie soils. A grid soil survey demonstrated the presence of two additional soils, Langford and Dalton. Depth to a dense layer, solum thickness, silt mantle thickness, and depth to gray mottles were measured for each of the 24 plots. If the usual analysis of variance for randomized block designs is used, the effects of harvest management or of blocks were not statistically significant, and the coefficient of variation was quite large. Covariance analyses were performed using soil properties as covariables. A “best” model with five covariables was chosen which included the linear effects of the silt mantle thickness and the depth of the dense layer, the squares of those two soil properties, and the crossproduct of silt mantle thickness and solum thickness. This model produced an improved coefficient of determination and minimum values of the estimated error mean square and the coefficient of variation. The covariance analysis reduced the magnitude of the error mean square by more than half; harvest management differences, which apparently were masked by the imprecision of the original analysis of variance, were shown to be statistically significant.
A weak convergence theorem for continuum structure functions

A continuum structure function (CSF) is a nondecreasing mapping from the unit hypercube to the unit interval. It is shown that if X(t)←DX, an absolutely continuous random vector, as t → ∞ and if {γt} is a class of CSFs such that γt → γ either (i) pointwise or (ii) in a quasi-Skorohod topology, then γt(X(t))←B?(X) as t → ∞.
Efficient mining of strongly correlated item pairs

Past attempts to mine transactional databases for strongly correlated item pairs have been beset by difficulties. In an attempt to be efficient, some algorithms produce false positive and false negative results. In an attempt to be accurate and comprehensive, other algorithms sacrifice efficiency. We propose an efficient new algorithm that uses Jaccard's correlation coefficient, which is simply the ratio between the sizes of the intersection and the union of two sets, to generate a set of strongly correlated item pairs that is both accurate and comprehensive. The pruning of candidate item pairs based on an upper bound facilitates efficiency. Furthermore, there is no possibility of false positives or false negatives. Testing of our algorithm on datasets of various sizes shows its effectiveness in real-world application.
Terahertz technology for industrial applications

An overview is presented of recent industrial applications of Terahertz and some of the key challenges and solutions towards further the introduction of Terahertz systems into production environments.
Adderall XR and peripheral arterial vasculopathy: A case report and a review of the literature

Abstract Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease is a rare entity in the young population. When diagnosed, mostly it is non-atherosclerosis related [ 14 ]. Adderall XR is among the psychostimulant drugs and some case reports in the literature had linked it to arterial vasospasm. We thought to do a literature search investigating the rule of Adderall XR and peripheral arterial vasculopathy.
Cooking Pots as Burial Urns

Large ceramic vessels used as burial urns occasionally have been found in Late Mississippian/protohistoric contexts in Alabama and Mississippi. Ethnohistorical documents suggest that large vessels were used for cooking in a domestic context. A systematic examination of three urns from east-central Mississippi shows multiple uses prior to their final deposition with burials. Vessel size analysis of a temporal sequence of sherds from midden contexts used sherd thickness and curvature data to show that large vessels became more common. Three explanations are examined to better understand the use of large vessels during this time: bet hedging, costly signaling, and changing technology. The results confirm the use of burial urns in domestic contexts before their final use as interment containers, making technological change the most viable of the three hypotheses.
Dollar-Value Utility of Alternative Procedures for Selecting School Principals

This paper evaluates four selection procedures for hiring school principals. These procedures (interviews, assessment center, selected assessment center exercises, and paper and pencil inventories) were compared in terms of validity, processing costs, and dollar gain expected from implementation. Using a pool of 115 individuals who applied for 7 principal positions, the selected assessment center exercises had the greatest utility with an expected dollar-value performance gain in excess of $58,000 over the traditional interview alternative. Use of utility analyses highlights the economic impact staffing procedures have on the educational organization.
Interaction of cortical networks mediating object motion detection by moving observers

The task of parceling perceived visual motion into self- and object motion components is critical to safe and accurate visually guided navigation. In this paper, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the cortical areas functionally active in this task and the pattern connectivity among them to investigate the cortical regions of interest and networks that allow subjects to detect object motion separately from induced self-motion. Subjects were presented with nine textured objects during simulated forward self-motion and were asked to identify the target object, which had an additional, independent motion component toward or away from the observer. Cortical activation was distributed among occipital, intra-parietal and fronto-parietal areas. We performed a network analysis of connectivity data derived from partial correlation and multivariate Granger causality analyses among functionally active areas. This revealed four coarsely separated network clusters: bilateral V1 and V2; visually responsive occipito-temporal areas, including bilateral LO, V3A, KO (V3B) and hMT; bilateral VIP, DIPSM and right precuneus; and a cluster of higher, primarily left hemispheric regions, including the central sulcus, post-, pre- and sub-central sulci, pre-central gyrus, and FEF. We suggest that the visually responsive networks are involved in forming the representation of the visual stimulus, while the higher, left hemisphere cluster is involved in mediating the interpretation of the stimulus for action. Our main focus was on the relationships of activations during our task among the visually responsive areas. To determine the properties of the mechanism corresponding to the visual processing networks, we compared subjects’ psychophysical performance to a model of object motion detection based solely on relative motion among objects and found that it was inconsistent with observer performance. Our results support the use of scene context (e.g., eccentricity, depth) in the detection of object motion. We suggest that the cortical activation and visually responsive networks provide a potential substrate for this computation.
On the structure of convex sets with symmetries

Asymmetry of a compact convex body \({\mathcal L \subset {\bf R}^n}\) viewed from an interior point \({\mathcal O}\) can be measured by considering how far \({\mathcal L}\) is from its inscribed simplices that contain \({\mathcal O}\). This leads to a measure of symmetry \({\sigma(\mathcal L, \mathcal O)}\). The interior of \({\mathcal L}\) naturally splits into regular and singular sets, where the singular set consists of points \({\mathcal O}\) with largest possible \({\sigma(\mathcal L, \mathcal O)}\). In general, to calculate the singular set of a compact convex body is difficult. In this paper we determine a large subset of the singular set in centrally symmetric compact convex bodies truncated by hyperplane cuts. As a function of the interior point \({\mathcal O}\), \({\sigma(\mathcal L, .)}\) is concave on the regular set. It is natural to ask to what extent does concavity of \({\sigma(\mathcal L, .)}\) extend to the whole (interior) of \({\mathcal L}\). It has been shown earlier that in dimension two, \({\sigma(\mathcal L, .)}\) is concave on \({\mathcal L}\). In this paper, we show that in dimensions greater than two, for a centrally symmetric compact convex body \({\mathcal L}\), \({\sigma(\mathcal L, .)}\) is a non-concave function provided that \({\mathcal L}\) has a codimension one simplicial intersection. This is the case, for example, for the n-dimensional cube, n ≥ 3. This non-concavity result relies on the fact that a centrally symmetric compact convex body has no regular points.
Tight Glycemic Control in Diabetic Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients Improves Perioperative Outcomes and Decreases Recurrent Ischemic Events

Background— This study sought to determine whether tight glycemic control with a modified glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients would imp...
Synthesis and characterization of a decacobalt carbonyl cluster with two semi-interstitial phosphorus atoms

A paramagnetic cobalt carbonyl cluster, [Co10P2(CO)23H]2−, containing two partially-encapsulated phosphorus atoms is synthesized through the reaction of [Co6(CO)15]2− and [Co(CO)4]− with PBr3 in THF.
Insomnia in Older Adults: Relations to Depression and Anxiety.

The authors examine the relations between insomnia and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory and between insomnia and anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Neuroticism Extroversion Openness-Personality Inventory (NEO) in a sample of 27 community-dwelling older patients with insomnia (mean age = 70.1 years). Sleep parameters were measured using both subjective (daily sleep logs) and objective (wrist actigraph) methods. Results varied according to the method used to measure sleep: with sleep logs, longer wake after sleep onset was related to both greater depression and anxiety (NEO), and longer time in bed was related to greater anxiety (NEO); with the actigraph, longer total sleep time was related to both greater depression and anxiety, and shorter sleep onset was related to greater depression.
A study of geographical distance groups on length of visitors’ stay at local food festival destinations:

The primary aims of this study are to (1) explain the geographical distance groups (GDGs) in relation to the origin of visitors to local festival destinations, (2) examine the probability of visito...
State changes in a moving bubble by a pulsed bias field

A bubble was translated in continuous circular motion in a rotating gradient experiment. Bias pulses were applied to a circulating S=1 bubble. As a result of the pulses, a Bloch line pair was added to the S=1, p=0 bubble, and a Bloch line pair was either added to or subtracted from the S=1, p=2 bubble. The risetime and pulse amplitude needed to cause a state change were measured. The experimental data agreed with calculated values for risetimes less than 150 ns in duration. Data from the annihilation of Bloch lines in the S=1, p=2 bubble yielded information on the Bloch line mobility. >
Molecular dynamics of an in vacuo model of duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG) in the B-form based on the amber 3.0 force field.

The characteristics of 100 ps of molecular dynamics (MD) on the DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG) at 300 K are described and investigated. The simulation is based on an in vacuo model of the oligomer and the AMBER 3.0 force field configured in the manner of Singh, U. C., S. J. Weiner, and P. A. Kollman, (1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82:755–759). The analysis of the results was carried out using the "curves, dials, and windows" procedure (Ravishanker, G., S. Swaminathan, D. L. Beveridge, R. Lavery, and H. Sklenar. 1989. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 6:669–699). The results indicate this dynamical model to be a provisionally stable double helix which lies at approximately 3.2 A rms deviation from the canonical B-form. There is, however, a persistent nonplanarity in the base pair orientations which resemble that observed in canonical A-DNA. The major groove width is seen to narrow during the course of the simulation and the minor groove expands, contravariant to the alterations in groove width seen in the crystal structure of the native dodecamer (Drew, H. R., R. M. Wing, T. Takano, C. Broka, S. Tanaka, I. Itakura, and R. E. Dickerson, 1981. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78:2179–2183). The propeller twist in the bases, the sequence dependence of the base pair roll and aspects of bending in the helix axis are in some degree of agreement with the crystal structure. The patterns in DNA bending are observed to follow Zhurkin theory (Zhurkin, V. B. 1985. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 2:785–804.). The relationship between the dynamical model and structure in solution is discussed.
Proportionality and the Precautionary Principle

Daniel Steel addresses one of the most serious objections against the precautionary principle (PP). According to the dilemma objection, strong versions of the PP are incoherent or self-defeating, w...
Emancipated Young Adults' Perspectives on Independent Living Programs:

This study examined young adult perspectives regarding quality of Independent Living (IL) Services received while in foster care, recommendations for improving IL services, life satisfaction levels...
Prisoners of Ritoque: The Open City and the Ritoque Concentration Camp

In the early 1970s, a school of architecture and a concentration camp appeared at the Ritoque beach, just north of Valparaiso, Chile. Situated three miles apart, they never acknowledged each other's presence. Nonetheless, their occupants formed communities that used a similar repertoire of games, events, and performances to create real and imaginary spaces. Faculty at the school deployed these activities to form a utopian enclave, freeing students and themselves from the strictures of normative education and practice, while limiting their political agency. In contrast, the prisoners of the camp transformed their enforced isolation into active political resistance.
Collision avoidance during teleoperation using whole-arm proximity sensors coupled to a virtual environment

This paper describes a collision avoidance system using Whole Arm Proximity (WHAP) sensors on an articulated robot arm. The capacitance-based sensors generate electric fields which completely encompass the robot arm and detect obstacles as they approach from any direction. The robot is moved through the workspace using a velocity command generated either by an operator through a force-sensing input device or a preprogrammed sequence of motions. The directional obstacle information gathered by the WHAP sensors is then used in a matrix column maximization algorithm that automatically selects the sensor closest to an obstacle during each robot controller cycle. The distance from this sensor to the obstacle is used to reduce the component of the command input velocity along the normal axis of the sensor, allowing graceful perturbation of the velocity command to prevent a collision.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tight Junctions in Salivary Epithelium

Epithelial cell tight junctions (TJs) consist of a narrow belt-like structure in the apical region of the lateral plasma membrane that circumferentially binds each cell to its neighbor. TJs are found in tissues that are involved in polarized secretions, absorption functions, and maintaining barriers between blood and interstitial fluids. The morphology, permeability, and ion selectivity of TJ vary among different types of tissues and species. TJs are very dynamic structures that assemble, grow, reorganize, and disassemble during physiological or pathological events. Several studies have indicated the active role of TJ in intestinal, renal, and airway epithelial function; however, the functional significance of TJ in salivary gland epithelium is poorly understood. Interactions between different combinations of the TJ family (each with their own unique regulatory proteins) define tissue specificity and functions during physiopathological processes; however, these interaction patterns have not been studied in salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to analyze some of the current data regarding the regulatory components of the TJ that could potentially affect cellular functions of the salivary epithelium.
Differences in mortality from thermal injury between pediatric and adult patients.

Children differ from adults in their responses to thermal injury, as reflected by higher reported mortality rates for equivalent major injuries. The age at which children's survival rates equal those of young adults has not been well defined, and some investigators have recently claimed that pediatric and adult burn mortality do not differ. We evaluated age-related mortality among 1,443 consecutive patients without inhalation injury treated from 1978 to 1988, inclusively. The sample consisted of 595 children aged 12 years or less, 243 children aged 13 to 20 years, and 605 young adults aged 21 to 40 years who served as a comparison group of patients with the best predicted survival. We separately examined mortality in patients with burns exceeding 30% total body surface area. There were no significant differences in mortality between age groups for the study sample as a whole, but among patients with large burns, children aged 0 to 48 months had higher mortality than comparably injured adults (31% v 12%, P less than .05 by analysis of covariance). Improvements in survival were also demonstrated between the first and second halves of the study period for children aged 25 months to 8 years. These data indicate that children 48 months of age and younger do not tolerate large thermal injuries as well as adults. Improvements in pediatric burn survival are being achieved in most age groups.
Building a More Sustainable Future for Senior Living

The aging of society is an inescapable trend that some neighborhoods, municipalities, and counties are admitting needs their attention. As the extent of the changes required to become senior friendly, let alone sustainable, are being realized, many communities are experiencing pushback from voters, old-guard city and county staff, and even elected officials. While initially appearing counter-intuitive, if we plan for the aging of society along with four other first-time-ever, equally inescapable trends—peak oil, water scarcity, obesity, and climate change—we come to realize the critical role of the built environment as a common denominator in preparing for a future very different than most of us have anticipated. As such, changes to the built environment that move a community closer to realizing sustainable senior living also contribute to lower energy needs and costs, a smaller carbon footprint, water savings, and an overall healthier population. By focusing on the built environment as the key to sustain...
Dynamically Emerging Semantics in an MPEG-7 Image Database

We examine the efficacy of using MPEG-7 in a native XML database environment for managing aerial image data. This application domain exhibits unique challenges in the management of image data which is continually changing, requiring continuous update of the schemas and methods for mining various geographic region properties. We show how MPEG-7 descriptors can be associated with aerial images and their derived features at each stage of the image insertion process, producing a multifaceted integrated representation, which can be used to give the database administrator an indication as to when this representation should be rebuilt, so as to result in improved retrieval behavior. In the absence of specialized indexes for inexact descriptor matching, we also show how MPEG-7 descriptors can be used to speed up this process.
Decomposing neural networks into systems of cooperating subnets

Decomposing a large network into a system of smaller subnets is explored. Each subnet is an independent network that performs some task. These subnets will be linked together in such a way as to collectively solve some larger task. Only the signals from the output units of a subnet are allowed to connect to the inputs of other subnets. That is, no connections will be made from within one subnet to another. Training is applied to each subnet independently. Advantages include distributed processing, reduced number of interconnections, and resource sharing. The consequences of pursuing such a system are investigated. >
An Ensemble Method for Classifying Startle Eyeblink Modulation from High-Speed Video Records

Psychophysiological measurements of startle eyeblink can provide information about the state of an individual regarding sensory, attentional, cognitive, and affective processing, and thus reveal valences of interest for affective computing. However, eyeblink is usually measured using intrusive contact electromyographic (EMG) electrodes, accompanied by a laborious manual process of feature extraction. We introduce a new noninvasive automatic system using high-speed video recording of startle blinks in conjunction with data-driven feature selection and support vector machine (SVM) ensembles to classify startle eyeblinks. Using a prestimulus (prepulse) to produce robust modulation of acoustically elicited startle eyeblinks, we tracked the blinks using 250 frames per second video, and extracted different features from eyelid displacement and velocity signals. The SVMs were able to determine whether a trial had contained startle or prepulse+startle stimuli with an accuracy of up to 73 percent (five-fold cross validation). By fusing the decisions made on different feature sets, an ensemble of seven SVMs increased this rate to almost 79 percent. Since startle eyeblinks are robustly modulated by not only sensory events (such as the prepulse used in this study) but also affective and cognitive states, eyelid tracking using high-speed video, in conjunction with the introduced classification method, is an effective and user-friendly alternative to EMG for classification of startle blinks to infer users' affective-cognitive states.
Power efficient system for sensor networks

We propose a power efficient system architecture that exploits the characteristics of sensor networks in order to decrease the power consumption in the network. The primary characteristic of sensor networks is that the destination of all the data packets in the network is a central data collector, which is usually denoted as access point (AP), has unlimited transmission power and energy whereas the sensor nodes have one battery energy to remain alive fro several years. Our system uses the AP to directly synchronize and explicitly schedule the nodes' transmissions over time division multiple access (TDMA) time slots. Simulations performed in TOSSIM, a simulation environment for the TinyOS, show that the battery lifetime of the network with this scheme can be increased to 1-2 years from 10 days that can be obtained from a general random access network.
Neural correlates of time-varying functional connectivity in the rat.

Abstract Functional connectivity between brain regions, measured with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, holds great potential for understanding the basis of behavior and neuropsychiatric diseases. Recently it has become clear that correlations between the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals from different areas vary over the course of a typical scan (6–10 min in length), though the changes are obscured by standard methods of analysis that assume the relationships are stationary. Unfortunately, because similar variability is observed in signals that share no temporal information, it is unclear which dynamic changes are related to underlying neural events. To examine this question, BOLD data were recorded simultaneously with local field potentials (LFP) from interhemispheric primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in anesthetized rats. LFP signals were converted into band-limited power (BLP) signals including delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma. Correlation between signals from interhemispheric SI was performed in sliding windows to produce signals of correlation over time for BOLD and each BLP band. Both BOLD and BLP signals showed large changes in correlation over time and the changes in BOLD were significantly correlated to the changes in BLP. The strongest relationship was seen when using the theta, beta and gamma bands. Interestingly, while steady-state BOLD and BLP correlate with the global fMRI signal, dynamic BOLD becomes more like dynamic BLP after the global signal is regressed. As BOLD sliding window connectivity is partially reflecting underlying LFP changes, the present study suggests it may be a valuable method of studying dynamic changes in brain states.
Invasive and non-invasive feedback for ultrasound phased array thermometry

The use of high-intensity focused ultrasound for cancer therapy and tissue ablation has been receiving increased attention recently. Currently, fine-wire thermocouple sensors represent the only practical means of feedback for these treatments. Difficulties in placing thermocouples in many clinical situations represent a major limitation on the amount of feedback that can be obtained with these versatile sensors. For this purpose, invasive and non-invasive feedback methods for ultrasound thermotherapy have been developed. Invasive methods for acoustic feedback are based on implantable hydrophone arrays, and non-invasive methods for temperature feedback are based on signal processing of the backscattered diagnostic ultrasound pulse. Experimental results demonstrating quantitative, non-invasive, tissue temperature change measurements are shown. The methods for temperature change estimation presented are independent of the heating modality
Subsidence of topography on Io

Topographic features on Io tend to subside because their underlying roots are softened and eroded by contact with hot mantle. This can be offset by crustal thickening, due primarily to ongoing volcanism, but observations suggest that this is ≲1 cm year^(−1) at current topographic highs. Since crustal thinning occurs at ∼50 cm year^(−1) if the underlying material is a pure magma ocean, we conclude that Io has no global magma ocean. Viscosities in excess of ∼10^(10) P are implied for Io's interior.