cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angular Gyrus Syndrome Simulating Alzheimer's Disease

• The angular gyrus syndrome (posterior aphasia, alexia with agraphia, and Gerstmann's syndrome) shares many clinical features with Alzheimer's disease, and the two conditions are easily confused. Preservation of memory and topographical orientation and the specific typology of the language defects help to distinguish the angular gyrus syndrome. X-ray computed tomograms may prove misleading, but isotope metabolic studies demonstrated left posterior cortical hypometabolism in two cases.
Quercetin Increased the Antiproliferative Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in Prostate Cancer Cells

We previously demonstrated that 50% of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was present in methylated form (4″-MeEGCG) in human prostate tissue, which is less bioactive. We therefore investigated whether quercetin, a natural inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), will inhibit EGCG methylation leading to enhanced antiproliferative activity of EGCG in prostate cancer cells. Incubation with both quercetin and EGCG for 2 h increased the cellular concentrations of EGCG by 4- to 8-fold and 6- to 10-fold in androgen-independent PC-3 cells and androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, respectively. Concurrently, the percent of 4″-MeEGCG in the total EGCG was decreased from 39% to 15% in PC-3 cells and from 61% to 38% in LNCaP cells. Quercetin and EGCG in combination synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, EGCG and quercetin exhibited a stronger antiproliferative activity leading to an additive effect. The synergistic effect of these 2 agents in PC-3 cells could be based on the fact that EGCG primarily inhibited COMT activity, whereas quercetin reduced the amount of COMT protein. In summary, quercetin combined with EGCG in vitro demonstrated enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation by increasing the intracellular concentration of EGCG and decreasing EGCG methylation.
Kinetic study of β-lactoglobulin thermal aggregation at low pH

Abstract Kinetics of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) thermal aggregation at pH 3.35, 85 °C, and 2–8% w/w protein concentration was studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALS) and rheology. Rate of β-lg aggregation was found to be of first order with respect to the initial protein concentration, and the conversion of native-like β-lg monomers/dimers ( C c ∼ 6.4% protein. Above the C c , nucleation occurred quickly and was not rate limiting. Critical size of the nucleus varied with protein concentration, with larger critical size needed at lower protein concentrations.
A Commentary on Lifestyle Medicine Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

Lifestyle medicine is the study and practice of how simple lifestyle measures such as proper diet, proper exercise, and stress reduction are thoughtfully and comprehensively integrated into conventional Western medicine practices. This includes promoting health through prevention and therapeutic strategies. Through the use improved assessment tools, such as coronary computed tomography calcium scoring and exercise capacity, and underused treatment strategies, such as thoughtful diet and exercise interventions coupled with appropriate statin use, practicing clinicians can integrate these lifestyle medicine strategies and significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease.
Crack path prediction near an elliptical inclusion

Abstract A technique is presented which will predict the path of a naturally growing crack where the stress field can be modeled as two dimensional. The Green function for an arbitrarily oriented edge dislocation interacting with a rigid inclusion (or void) is used in an integral formulation of the elasticity problem. The technique uses a boundary integral approach to solve for the dislocation density along an arbitrarily shaped crack interacting with a rigid elliptical inclusion or void. The crack path is parameterized as a cubic spline, and a first order perturbation solution is employed to account for the generally curvilinear nature of the crack. The singular integrals are solved using a numerical technique which describes the distribution of dislocations along the crack as a piecewise quadratic polynomial to transform the integral equations into algebraic equations well suited to a matrix-type solution. Results of each step of the analysis have been verified with previously published results, and with experimental results of a crack propagating near an open circular hole. New results are also presented as paths of cracks interacting with inclusions of differing ellipticity ratios and at different orientations with respect to the initial crack.
Intercalation of bromine into natural graphite the effect of oxidation and residual bromine on the rate and amount of uptake

Abstract Intercalation of bromine at 20°C into spectroscopic grade SP-1 natural graphite flakes oxidized previously to four levels of burn-off has been studied. The threshold pressure, equilibrium amounts taken up at relative pressures up to 0.95, and the diffusion coefficient for bromine uptake are little affected by graphite oxidation at all burn-off s studied (up to 46.1%). However the time after bromine exposure at the threshold pressure at which rapid bromine intercalation commences monotonically decreases with increasing burn-off. It is suggested that during this initial time period, bromine entering the graphite is essentially fully ionized, whereas bromine entering later, and rapidly, is not ionized. Oxidation affects the subsequent thermal stability of the intercalated bromine and the composition of the residue compound formed following heating to 950°C. Rates of uptake and amount of bromine intercalated subsequently on the residue compounds are dependent upon their Br C ratio and how the residual compounds were formed.
Autonomous unmanned air vehicles (UAV) techniques

The UAVs (Unmanned Air Vehicles) have great potentials in different civilian applications, such as oil pipeline surveillance, precision farming, forest fire fighting (yearly), search and rescue, boarder patrol, etc. The related industries of UAVs can create billions of dollars for each year. However, the road block of adopting UAVs is that it is against FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and ATC (Air Traffic Control) regulations. In this paper, we have reviewed the latest technologies and researches on UAV navigation and obstacle avoidance. We have purposed a system design of Jittering Mosaic Image Processing (JMIP) with stereo vision and optical flow to fulfill the functionalities of autonomous UAVs.
Parallel variable distribution for total least squares

A novel parallel method for determining an approximate to- tal least squares (TLS) solution is introduced. Based on domain dis- tribution, the global TLS problem is partitioned into several dependent TLS subproblems. A convergent algorithm using the parallel variable distribution technique (Ferris and Mangasarian, 1994) is presented. Nu- merical results support the development and analysis of the algorithms.
The enzyme electrode.

The enzyme electrode is a miniature chemical transducer which functions by combining an electrochemical procedure with immobilized enzyme activity. This particular model uses glucose oxidase immobilized on a gel to measure the concentration of glucose in biological solutions and in the tissues in vitro.
Nonfatal tool- or equipment-related injuries treated in US emergency departments among workers in the construction industry, 1998-2005.

BACKGROUND: Individuals in the construction industry are exposed to a variety of tools and pieces of equipment as they work. METHODS: Data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) occupational supplement to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS-Work) were used to characterize tool- and equipment-related injuries among workers in the construction industry that were treated in US emergency departments between 1998 and 2005. Based on a national stratified probability sample of US hospitals with 24 hr emergency services, NEISS-Work allows calculation of national injury estimates. RESULTS: Over the 8-year period between 1998 and 2005, we estimated 786,900 (95% CI 546,600-1,027,200) ED-treated tool- or equipment-related injuries identified by the primary or secondary source of injury code. These injuries accounted for a quarter of all ED-treated construction industry injuries. Although over 100 different tools or pieces of equipment were responsible for these injuries, seven were responsible for over 65% of the injury burden: ladders, nail guns, power saws, hammers, knives, power drills, and welding tools in decreasing order. CONCLUSIONS: Current injury estimates and their severity, marked by the proportion of cases that were not released after ED treatment, indicate interventions are particularly needed to prevent injuries associated with use of ladders as well as nail guns and power saws. Attention should focus on design and guarding to more efficiently prevent these injuries rather than simply calling for the training of workers in how to safely use a dangerous tool or piece of equipment. Language: en
Housing Market Segmentation

Abstract Housing submarkets are typically defined as geographic areas where the price per unit of housing quantity (defined using some index of housing characteristics) is constant. This paper defines housing markets as geographic areas where (1) the price of housing (per unit of service) is constant and (2) individual housing characteristics are available for purchase. We examine housing market segmentation within metropolitan Dallas using hierarchical models and single-family property transactions over the 1995:1 through 1997:1 periods. We supplement the transaction data with information on elementary school student performance for public elementary schools. A demonstration of the technique using data for the Carrollton–Farmers Branch Independent School District suggests that the metropolitan Dallas housing market is segmented by the quality of public education (as measured by student performance on standardized tests). We also conclude that hierarchical models provide a useful framework for delineating housing submarkets. Finally, while this paper examines single-family housing submarkets, the methodology could be adapted to other property types to delineate submarket boundaries for multifamily, office, retail, and industrial/warehouse properties.
Beam focusing and plasma channel formation in the PASOTRON HPM source

Beam Focusing and Plasma Channel Formation in the PASOTRON HPM SourceElmira S. Ponti, Dan M. Goebel, Robert L. PoeschelHughes Research Laboratories301 1 Malibu Canyon Rd. MS RL 61Malibu, CA 90265ABSTRACTIn the PASOTRON high power microwave source, electron beam focusing is achieved using a plasmachannel (usually helium or xenon, ionized by beam impact) to neutralize the radial space charge forceswithin the beam so that the beam's own JxB forces will produce self focusing of the beam according to theBennett effect. In order to take maximum advantage of this effect, the physics of the formation of theplasma channel and the resulting beam focusing has been studied and a simple computer model of thisprocess is evolving based on the experimental results. A diagnostic tube was fabricated with a removaMeslow-wave structure to investigate the beam dynamics during the pulse. Two rows of probes extendingdown the length of the tube at 900 to each other are used to monitor the radial profile of the beam as itpropagates as a function of time and axial distance, and a biased beam collector measures the total currentarriving at the end of the tube. The dynamics of the plasma channel formation and the plasma density overtime were then determined from these measurements and compared to the model. A small axial magneticfield (<250 Gauss) was also applied to assist the focusing mechanism with excellent results. The optimalrange of background gas pressures and solenoid magnetic field as a function of beam current and voltage,as well as the dynamics of the beam focusing and plasma channel formation, will be presented.Keywords: PASOTRON, microwave source, beam transport1. INTRODUCTIONThe PASOTRON is a novel family of microwave tubes that have been built as high power oscillators1 andamplifiers, producing radiation in L, S, C and X-bands. The C-band tube, shown in Figure 1, was driven byan electron beam with energies of up to 1 35 kV, beam currents of up to 500 A, and pulsewidths in excess of120 psec. Spontaneously-generated RF power in the range of 1 to 5 MW was obtained, depending on thebeam parameters and gas fill, and RF pulsewidths of over 100 .tsec were achieved at up to 1-Hz pulse-repetition-rate. The electron-beam to microwave-radiation power-conversion efficiency for this type ofdevice typically ranges from 15 to 25%1 .
CAN WE CUT THE INCIDENCE OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN HALF — TODAY?

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common gastrointestinal emergency of neonates. Population studies estimate the incidence of NEC at between 0.3 and 2.4 per 1000 live births in the United States, with a predominance of cases among preterm neonates born at the earliest gestational ages. The disease burden of NEC includes an overall disease-specific mortality rate of 15-20%, with yet higher rates in those of earliest gestations. The NEC burden also includes an increase in hospital costs approximating $100,000/case, as well as severe late sequellae including parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease and short bowel syndrome. Differentiating NEC from other forms of acquired neonatal intestinal disease is critical to assessing the success of NEC prevention strategies. Promising new prevention strategies are now being tested; one such is prophylactic heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) administration. However, two prevention strategies have already been shown in meta-analyses to reduce the incidence of NEC, but we speculate that these are not being fully utilized. They are; 1) implementing a written set of feeding guidelines (also called standardized feeding regimens) for newborn intensive care unit (NICU) patients, and 2) implementing programs to increase the availability of human milk for patients at risk of developing NEC.
A novel GRAIL E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes environmental salinity tolerance in euryhaline tilapia.

Abstract Background Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are euryhaline fishes capable of tolerating large salinity changes. In a previous study aimed to identify genes involved in osmotolerance, we isolated an mRNA sequence with similarity to GRAIL (Gene Related to Anergy In Lymphocytes), which is a critical regulator of adaptive immunity and development. Tilapia GRAIL contains a PA (protease associated) domain and a C3H2C3 RING finger domain indicative of E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Scope of review Western blots analysis was used to assess GRAIL expression pattern and responses to hyperosmotic stress. Immunohistochemistry was used to reveal the cellular localization of GRAIL in gill epithelium. Overexpression in HEK293 T-Rex cells was used to functionally characterize tilapia GRAIL. Salinity stress causes strong up-regulation of both mRNA and protein levels of tilapia GRAIL in gill epithelium. Tissue distribution of GRAIL protein is mainly confined to gill epithelium, which is the primary tissue responsible for osmoregulation of teleost fishes. Overexpression of tilapia GRAIL in HEK293 cells increases cell survival (cell viability) while decreases apoptosis during salinity challenge. Major conclusions Our data indicate that tilapia GRAIL is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in osmotic stress signaling, which promotes environmental salinity tolerance by supporting gill cell function during hyperosmotic stress. General significance Involvement of tilapia GRAIL in the osmotic stress response suggests that GRAIL E3 ubiquitin ligases play a broader role in environmental stress responses, beyond their documented functions in adaptive immunity and development.
Localized response performance of the decoupled Q -V network

In this paper the assumption of a localized voltage response due to reactive power disturbances is analyzed. Conditions on transmission line parameters, given its normal operating point, are stated which explicitly define directions of voltage changes so that the line is subject to the localized voltage response. We show that it is not possible to give an exclusive answer to the question of the localized response (tier-wise) in the decoupled Q - V network. The answer is network and operating point dependent. The operating regions in which this property is satisfied even under large changes in reactive power injections are derived on the SE graph based decoupled Q- V network. We first define a no-gain operating mode of this network and then claim that the power no-gain operating mode always implies a localized voltage response. These results cannot be used to demonstrate a voltage gain. We develop algebraic type statements to show that a system may have response which is system wide. More definite answers on the localized response are established for the echelon structure of a given network.
An adaptive online energy management controller for power-split HEV based on Dynamic Programming and fuzzy logic

Power split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) offer high fuel efficiency. The complex powertrain structure brings difficulties as well as opportunities for energy management. In this paper, energy management strategies for the torque distribution are established and implemented. First, the optimal results are obtained based on the Dynamic Programming (DP) method, then through analyzing the result of DP, the fuzzy membership function and rules are established according to the ratio of engine power to system power, vehicle speed, acceleration and battery SOC. An online fuzzy energy management controller is imbedded into the vehicle controller. Finally simulation results verify the effectiveness of controller.
The removal by phospholipase C of a layer of lanthanum-staining material external to the cell membrane in embryonic chick cells.

Fixation of embryonic chick cells (heart, neural retina, and limb bud) in the presence of lanthanum ions shows the presence of an electron-opaque layer, about 50 A thick, external to the cell membrane. This layer, designated LSM (for lanthanum-staining material), is not removable by trypsin, pronase, EDTA, DNase, α-amylase, neuraminidase, or N-acetyl-L-cysteine. However, phospholipase C, in concentrations as low as 0.001 mg/ml, succeeds in stripping the LSM from the cell surface. Heating the enzyme preparation does not inhibit this activity, but removal of divalent cations does; both of these results are consistent with the known properties of phospholipase C. The LSM is present at the cell surface in the control tissues and on cells dissociated from the tissues by proteolytic enzymes and EDTA. These results are interpreted to mean that the LSM is probably an integral part of the cell and not an extraneous coat. How this phenomenon bears on the problem of cellular adhesion is discussed, as is the possible chemical composition of the LSM.
Design of a C aperture to achieve λ/10 resolution and resonant transmission

Small subwavelength apertures provide high spatial resolution that is not limited by the diffraction limit. However, application of these apertures to practical problems has been hindered by the critical problem of extremely low power transmission efficiency. Recently, we reported a specially designed subwavelength aperture that has a letter C shape (X. Shi, R. L. Thornton, and L. Hesselink, Opt. Lett. 28, 1320 (2003)]. A well-designed C aperture can provide both a high spatial resolution of ~λ/10 and a high power throughput greater than 1. We present the underlying design ideas of the C aperture and report interesting general properties of optical transmissions through a single two-dimensional subwavelength aperture, based on numerical finite-difference time-domain simulations and fundamental observations. These results are expected to provide helpful information for both C-aperture applications and general studies of subwavelength metallic structures.
Using the Genetics Concept Assessment to Document Persistent Conceptual Difficulties in Undergraduate Genetics Courses

To help genetics instructors become aware of fundamental concepts that are persistently difficult for students, we have analyzed the evolution of student responses to multiple-choice questions from the Genetics Concept Assessment. In total, we examined pretest (before instruction) and posttest (after instruction) responses from 751 students enrolled in six genetics courses for either majors or nonmajors. Students improved on all 25 questions after instruction, but to varying degrees. Notably, there was a subgroup of nine questions for which a single incorrect answer, called the most common incorrect answer, was chosen by >20% of students on the posttest. To explore response patterns to these nine questions, we tracked individual student answers before and after instruction and found that particular conceptual difficulties about genetics are both more likely to persist and more likely to distract students than other incorrect ideas. Here we present an analysis of the evolution of these incorrect ideas to encourage instructor awareness of these genetics concepts and provide advice on how to address common conceptual difficulties in the classroom.
A case of aortic dissection in a cocaine abuser: a case report and review of literature

Prompt diagnosis and management of aortic dissection are key to reduce patient morbidity and mortality; hence the need to a have a high index of suspicion for this condition. We believe it's important to report this case because it underscores the relationship between cocaine abuse and aortic dissection. In addition it strongly emphasizes basic principles in medicine: patients should not be profiled, and chronic complaints may need reassessment. We are presenting a case of Stanford type A aortic dissection in a 46 year old patient with history of cocaine abuse. The aortic dissection presented as worsening of chronic upper abdominal pains he has had for years. He presented to us hours after using crack cocaine. Aortic dissection associated with cocaine abuse develops at a younger age. Therefore it's crucial to have high index of suspicion for aortic dissection in this subset of patients. Furthermore as this case illustrates, serious diseases can masquerade in old complaints. Patients should never be profiled, and chronic complaints should always be revisited.
Neuroblastoma: Therapeutic strategies for a clinical enigma

article i nfo Keywords: Neuroblastoma Therapy Immunotherapy summary Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor remains a clinical enigma with out- comes ranging from cure in >90% of patients with locoregional tumors with little to no cytotoxic therapy, to 18 months of age at diagnosis with metastatic disease despite aggressive multimodal- ity therapy. Age, stage and amplification of the MYCN oncogene are the most validated prognostic mark- ers. Recent research has shed light on the biology of neuroblastoma allowing more accurate stratification of patients which has permitted reducing or withholding cytotoxic therapy without affecting outcome for low-risk patients. However, for children with high-risk disease, the development of newer therapeutic strategies is necessary. Current surgery and radiotherapy techniques in conjunction with induction che- motherapy have greatly reduced the risk of local relapse. However, refractory or recurrent osteomedul- lary disease occurs in most patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Toxicity limits for high-dose chemotherapy appear to have been reached without further clinical benefit. Neuroblastoma is the first pediatric cancer for which monoclonal-antibody-based immunotherapy has been shown to be effective, particularly for metastatic osteomedullary disease. Radioimmunotherapy appears to be a critical compo- nent of a recent, successful regimen for treating patients who relapse in the central nervous system, a possible sanctuary site. Efforts are under way to refine and enhance antibody-based immunotherapy and to determine its optimal use. The identification of newer tumor targets and the harnessing of cell- mediated immunotherapy may generate novel therapeutic approaches. It is likely that a combination of therapeutic modalities will be required to improve survival and cure rates. 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Babbling and early speech: continuity and individual differences:

One of the recognized precursors to speaking is babbling. The related- ness of these activities is suggested, in the typical case, by the develop mentally continuous manner in which babbling flows into and coexists with speaking, the shared morphology of babble and speech, and the socially similar ways that children display (and presumably use) babbling and speaking. Nevertheless, the developmental significance of babbling is unknown. In this paper, I sample findings on normally developing children as well as special populations, including hearing- impaired, retarded, and tracheostomized children, and experimental work on song birds. Attention is given to the question of whether individual differences in babbling are carried over into speaking. I also ask whether it is or should be possible to anticipate deviant or delayed speech from analyses of prelinguistic vocalization and, if so, what that would tell us about the theoretical significance of babbling.
The factorization of block matrices with generalized geometric progression rows

Abstract Generalized geometric progression (GP) block matrices are introduced, and it is shown that such matrices can be factored as the product of one lower triangular matrix and several upper triangular reduced Pascal matrices, P k [x] , which were introduced by Cheon and Kim. The determinant formula for any (GP) block matrix follows readily from this factorization. This LU factorization and determinant formula are a generalization of results presented by Yang and Leida. As direct applications of the new results, we rederive factorizations of the extended generalized symmetric Pascal matrix, introduced by Zhang and Liu, and the Vandermonde matrix. In addition, determinants of three types of generalized Vandermonde matrices are immediate consequences of our main theorem.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention: an exploratory study of women's use of, attitudes toward, and knowledge about alcohol.

Purpose The incidence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is increasing, even though it is 100% preventable. This study examined use of, knowledge about, and attitudes toward alcohol of women requesting emergency contraception (EC) and/or a pregnancy test, and evaluated whether a brief intervention would be effective in educating them about the risks of FASD. Data sources Fifty women from two outpatient clinics participated. Information was collected on demographic and personal health habits, alcohol use, and knowledge of and attitudes toward alcohol. As a brief intervention to increase knowledge about FASD, participants read a short pamphlet about the risks of alcohol exposure in pregnancy and then completed a post-test questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and skewness, were calculated for all variables. Pearson correlations were computed to assess relationships between demographic/lifestyle variables and attitudes toward and knowledge about alcohol. Paired t-tests were used to analyze the relationship between pretest and post-test knowledge scores. Conclusions The majority of participants were single (76%), college educated (94%), and received EC at the clinic visit (60%). The average age was 24 years. Slightly over half (52%) reported drinking beer at least once a week, with one to six cans on occasion. Younger women expressed more tolerant attitudes toward alcohol use (p= .02) and drank significantly more beer on occasion (p= .015). Women who reported drinking alcohol when they last had sex were significantly (p= .017) less tolerant in their attitudes toward alcohol use. The intervention used in this study was effective in communicating knowledge about FASD to this population (p < .0001). Implications for practice These findings suggest that young women may be engaging in behaviors that could put potential offspring at risk for exposure to alcohol. Clinicians are advised to take a thorough history to determine alcohol use in all women of childbearing age and to provide information regarding FASD prevention.
Decision making in engineering and business: a cost-effective approach

A critical issue in all real life decision-making problems, is the effective estimation of the pertinent data. Often data are difficult to estimate with accuracy, or too dynamic to allow for a timely estimation. This is the case with most of the environmental, resource management, maintenance, economic, agricultural, and manufacturing problems, especially in the United States. If the input data are not correct, then the decision making process may cause a problem more severe than the one which it intended to solve. In this paper we propose an approach for a cost-effective estimation of the pertinent data. This approach is based on a sequence of successive sensitivity analyses.
Versatile frustrated-total-reflection polarizer for the infrared

A new type of thin-film polarizing beam splitter based on the frustrated-total-reflection effect is described. The device may be designed to transmit either p or s linearly polarized light. A polarization ratio on the order of 1000:1 is expected.
METASTATIC CROHN'S DISEASE INVOLVING PENILE SKIN

A 35-year-old man presented with nonhealing moist ulcers with granulation tissue on the subcoronal area of the penis 4 to 5 months in duration (fig. 1). In addition, he had noticed gradually worsening penile edema. He stated that he was sexually active with 1 female partner and denied a history of sexually transmitted disease or condom, lubricant and spermicide use. Medical history was significant for Crohn’s disease, which was currently quiescent and not under treatment. He had previously undergone proctectomy, and incision and drainage of recurrent buttock abscesses. Penile biopsy revealed squamous epithelium with parakeratosis and hyperplasia, as well as underlying chronic (lymphocyte and plasma cell) and granulomatous (epitheliod histiocyte and giant cell) inflammation consistent with Crohn’s disease (fig. 2). Tissue cultures for fungus and acid-fast bacilli were negative. ARer the biopsy a regimen of topical steroids was started. The patient returned 6 months later with marked improvement of the lesions.
Effects of ruminant digestion and metabolism on phenolic monomers of forages.

1. Immature and mature lucerne (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) hays were analysed for their lignin and phenolic monomer (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) contents. These hays were given to four sheep with rumen, duodenal and ileal cannulas, and to a steer with rumen and abomasal cannulas, to investigate the extent and sites of digestion of lignin and phenolic monomers. 2. The hays and digesta samples were analysed for alkali and nitrobenzene-extractable phenolic monomers. Lanthanum oxide was used as an external marker in the digestion studies. Urine was also collected for estimates of total phenolic balance. 3. Grass hays contained greater concentrations of alkali-labile phenolic monomers than did legume hays, whereas legume hays had higher levels of nitrobenzene oxidation products. Mature tall fescue hay had greater concentrations of phenolic monomers than did immature tall fescue hay, but corresponding differences with maturity were not observed with lucerne hays. 4. There were quantitative differences between diets in the digestibilities and in the sites of digestion of phenolic monomers. Digestibilities ranged from 0.191 to 1.004 for alkali-labile compounds and from - 1.137 to 0.868 for nitrobenzene oxidation products. Composition of lignin was altered during its passage through the digestive tract. The proportion of phenolic monomers not recovered in urine and faeces varied from - 1.014 to 0471 for individual compounds and differed between diets. Soluble phenolic monomers decreased in concentration as digesta passed from the rumen to the abomasum and duodenum, but increased again in the ileum; levels varied with diet. Phenolics were rapidly solubilized in the rumen after feeding. 5. Results indicate that forages differ in their phenolic monomer content and in the digestibility of these compounds. Therefore, lignin is not an inert compound in the digestive tract of ruminants as has been previously reported. Although lignification is generally considered to be the primary factor limiting the digestion of forage cell-wall carbohydrates by ruminants, relatively little attention has been
Autoregulation and Hyperemia of Cerebral Blood Flow as Evaluated by Thermal Diffusion

A thermal diffusion flow probe gave a quantitative dynamic recording of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during bleeding and transfusion in experimental animals. Autoregulation was readily demonstrated in nine of 12 animals and was found only with gradual hypotension. After autoregulation was lost, no increase in CBF could be obtained with carbon dioxide inhalation. Reactive hyperemia was demonstrated consistently following compromised CBF and, again, no increase in CBF with hypercarbia could be obtained until the hyperemia had subsided. Once hyperemia ceased, autoregulation could be demonstrated again in the same animal.
Tricyclic Antidepressant Therapy for Peptic Ulcer Disease

• The role of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as agents for treatment of peptic ulcer disease is of growing interest. In both placebo-controlled clinical trials and comparative studies with cimetidine, TCAs have proved effective and safe as ulcerhealing agents. The mechanism of action by which TCAs produce healing has not been fully elucidated. In vivo studies in man have generally shown that TCAs decrease gastric acid secretion. In addition to their well-known anticholinergic properties, in vitro studies have indicated potent H 1 - and H 2 receptor blocking activities for these agents. Separate from these effects on acid output, the antipain/depression effect of TCAs may be of benefit in certain patients with ulcers. Other advantages of these agents include their long half-lives, low cost, and readily available serum monitoring. Further clinical studies with detailed physiologic and psychologic observations and serum monitoring using TCAs in patients with peptic ulcer disease are needed. ( Arch Intern Med 1984;144:566-569)
Care for hospitalized patients with unhealthy alcohol use: a narrative review

There is increasing emphasis on screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for unhealthy alcohol use in the general hospital, as highlighted by new Joint Commission recommendations on SBIRT. However, the evidence supporting this approach is not as robust relative to primary care settings. This review is targeted to hospital-based clinicians and administrators who are responsible for generally ensuring the provision of high quality care to patients presenting with a myriad of conditions, one of which is unhealthy alcohol use. The review summarizes the major issues involved in caring for patients with unhealthy alcohol use in the general hospital setting, including prevalence, detection, assessment of severity, reduction in drinking with brief intervention, common acute management scenarios for heavy drinkers, and discharge planning. The review concludes with consideration of Joint Commission recommendations on SBIRT for unhealthy alcohol use, integration of these recommendations into hospital work flows, and directions for future research.
Comparison of the value of the Weltmann reaction and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with rheumatic heart disease

Abstract 1.1. The variation of the Weltmann reaction with different clinical conditions in patients with actual or potential rheumatic heart disease has been described. 2.2. There was no patient with clinically quiescent disease with a persistently abnormal Weltmann reaction, nor was there a patient with acute rheumatic fever and normal Weltmann reactions at that time. 3.3. There was no relationship between persistently prolonged coagulation bands and the progressive development of rheumatic heart disease in the patients observed during the course of this study. 4.4. In a single determination, a normal coagulation band and a normal sedimentation rate were equally accurate (93.9 and 93.1 per cent of 449 tests, respectively) in indicating the absence of clinical disease activity. 5.5. An abnormal Weltmann reaction, especially a shortened coagulation band, was more frequently associated with clinical disease activity than was an elevated sedimentation rate. 6.6. The statistically significant correlation between elevated sedimentation rates and shortened coagulation bands was pointed out, and the relationship of these results to an increase in alpha globulin in the blood was discussed.
Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is progressive, with dementia and medication-refractory motor problems common reasons for late-stage nursing-home placement. Increasing evidence suggests that ongoing vigorous exercise/physical fitness may favorably influence this progression. Parkinsonian animal models reveal exercise-related protection from dopaminergic neurotoxins, apparently mediated by brain neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity (predicted from in vitro studies). Similarly, exercise consistently improves cognition in animals, also linked to enhanced neuroplasticity and increased neurotrophic factor expression. In these animal models, immobilization has the opposite effect. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may mediate at least some of this exercise benefit. In humans, exercise increases serum BDNF, and this is known to cross the blood–brain barrier. PD risk in humans is significantly reduced by midlife exercise, documented in large prospective studies. No studies have addressed whether exercise influences dementia risk in PD, but exercised patients with PD improve cognitive scores. Among seniors in general, exercise or physical fitness has not only been associated with better cognitive scores, but midlife exercise significantly reduces the later risk of both dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Finally, numerous studies in seniors with and without dementia have reported increased cerebral gray matter volumes associated with physical fitness or exercise. These findings have several implications for PD clinicians. 1) Ongoing vigorous exercise and physical fitness should be highly encouraged. 2) PD physical therapy programs should include structured, graduated fitness instruction and guidance for deconditioned patients with PD. 3) Levodopa and other forms of dopamine replenishment therapy should be utilized to achieve the maximum capability and motivation for patients to maintain fitness.
alsched: algebraic scheduling of mixed workloads in heterogeneous clouds

As cloud resources and applications grow more heterogeneous, allocating the right resources to different tenants' activities increasingly depends upon understanding tradeoffs regarding their individual behaviors. One may require a specific amount of RAM, another may benefit from a GPU, and a third may benefit from executing on the same rack as a fourth. This paper promotes the need for and an approach for accommodating diverse tenant needs, based on having resource requests indicate any soft (i.e., when certain resource types would be better, but are not mandatory) and hard constraints in the form of composable utility functions. A scheduler that accepts such requests can then maximize overall utility, perhaps weighted by priorities, taking into account application specifics. Experiments with a prototype scheduler, called alsched, demonstrate that support for soft constraints is important for efficiency in multi-purpose clouds and that composable utility functions can provide it.
Phenylketonuria: Biochemical Mechanisms

As implied by the title, this review of phenylketonuria (PKU) will be neither comprehensive nor encyclopedic. Rather, it will be limited to those aspects of the disease where sufficient biochemical knowledge is available to support meaningful discussion—admittedly, often speculative—about underlying mechanisms. Recent comprehensive reviews are available (Hsia, 1970; Knox, 1972).
Introduction and General Instructions for Students

This chapter provides a general introduction for students including guidelines for participation. It shows several suggested lab report formats including an industrial memo and executive summary. There are guidelines for reporting statistical results, using tables and graphs. Common problems in lab reports show students problems to avoid and check. An appendix shows a sample report in industrial memo format.
Synthesis of bottlebrush copolymers based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) for surface active additives

Abstract Bottlebrush polymers have been used as surface-active additives for chemically-identical linear polymers because they spontaneously accumulate at surfaces through an entropy-mediated process. In this work, we design functional bottlebrush polymer additives with mixed side-chain chemistries that can deliver unique surface properties. Bottlebrush polymers with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) side-chains and bottlebrush copolymers with PDMS and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) side-chains are synthesized using ring opening metathesis polymerization. Contact angle goniometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and microscopy demonstrate a spontaneous accumulation of these additives at the film surface without lateral phase segregation. Bottlebrush polymers were found to enrich the film surface more strongly than linear block copolymers of PDMS-b-PLA, and the surface contact angle was tunable by varying the composition and quantity of added bottlebrush copolymer. Significantly, bottlebrush additives segregate rapidly, during film casting. This work demonstrates that low-surface energy bottlebrush copolymer additives can be used to introduce new surface properties in polymer films.
Claiming Subjectivity: Re-Storying Clinical Psychology and Myself

This article explores becoming a clinical psychologist later in life. Drawing on the author’s experience as a developmental psychologist who becomes a clinical respecialization student, it traces shifts in narratives of identity, belongingness, perspectives on psychology, and ways of knowing that both influence and construct her perspective on age and midlife. The paradigm shifts of going from professor, to student and intern, and philosophical shifts, transitioning from a stance of objectivity, to one informed by deep subjectivity, are considered. The ways that age matters is pondered as an artifact of the larger social construction of aging. The article proposes that a rich later-in-life perspective often includes the capacity to utilize self-knowledge and affective interpretation that nurtures subjectivity. The capacity to summon subjectivity facilitates rich authentic empathic connection with patients in clinical practice. The author explores the process of learning and re-storying herself in a manner...
The 2002 George W. Beadle Medal Essay: Why I Developed the Yeast Genetic Map

IN the late 1940s while finishing my degree as an honors physics major at the University of Alberta, I decided to look for future options. Fortunately, UA had a good library where I discovered the program in biophysics at the University of California, Berkeley. I wrote to Professor Cornelius Tobias
Canine Behavior and Working Dog Suitability from Quantimetric Data

I propose new approaches for assessing the suitability of dogs for a given working dog occupation. The main focus is placed on continuously-recording technology that does not rely on constant human observation. Examples are provided in the form of two pilot studies. One study uses quantimetric technologies to better understand the relationship between restfulness and performance during advanced training and the other is an ongoing longitudinal study with service dogs being raised and trained for Canine Companions for Independence. In this manuscript, I describe work underway for these efforts in working dog prediction and assessment, as well as a pilot study on how these devices can be used to better understand the needs of non-working (pet) dogs.
Simultaneous detection of Norovirus genogroup I and II by multiplex real-time RT-PCR

The purpose of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of norovirus genogroup Ⅰ and genogroup Ⅱ,and apply it to the detection of norovirus in clinical specimens.Specific primers and TaqMan probes were designed according to the conserved sequence of GI and GⅡ norovirus respectively.The one-step real time RT-PCR reaction system was established by optimizing the best reaction conditions and adjusting the concentration of primers and probes.The sensitivity,specificity and stability of the multiplex real time RT-PCR assay was estimated and the assay was further validated with 101 clinical stool specimens previously tested by recently described monoplex real time assay.The results showed that the assay possessed high specificity for norovirus detection and without any evident cross-reaction with other viruses,including rotavirus,enteric adenovirus and hepatitis A virus.The detection limit of multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for norovirus GI and GⅡ were up to 1pg/mL and 10pg/mL respectively.Comparison with the monoplex real-time assay showed that our assay had higher sensitivity for detection norovirus GⅠ in clinical stool specimens.The multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay provide rapid,sensitive,and reliable detection of norovirus GⅠ and GⅡ and should prove to be useful for norovirus diagnosis in the outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis.
Fourier–Jacobi periods and the central value of Rankin–Selberg L-functions

In this paper, we propose a conjectural formula, relating the Fourier–Jacobi periods of automorphic forms on U(n)×U(n) and the central value of some Rankin–Selberg L-function. This can be viewed as a refinement of the Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for unitary groups. We then use the relative trace formula technique to prove this conjectural formula in some cases. We also have give applications to the conjecture of Ichino–Ikeda and N. Harris on the Bessel period of automorphic forms on unitary groups.
Arms Control Implications of Ocean Zones

Enclosure of ocean zones in accordance with the UNCLOS convention is significant as de facto arms control in extending the territorial sea out to twelve miles and in clarifying the innocent passage regime therein. Disagreements about the specific implementation of innocent passage continue, but apart from that aspect there is a fairly general consensus at UNCLOS on the subject of the territorial sea. This consensus recognises the predominant role of the coastal state in security matters within the twelve mile territorial sea and the very limited foreign state military rights therein, particularly as regards navigation assured by innocent passage. A mutually acceptable regime for the control of military activities has thus been extended from three miles out to twelve and has thereby broadened the security zones of coastal states. This is especially important to Third-World states since with their limited naval capabilities, a broadened territorial sea serves as a more reliable buffer against threats from stronger maritime powers, whether such threats take the form of a naval presence or the actual projection of force. The maritime powers will tend to be deterred from exerting naval pressure on coastal states by a strengthened and widely respected threshold which they must cross.