cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flood Hazards and Urban Housing Markets: The Effects of Katrina on New Orleans

This study examines the impacts on consumers’ willingness to pay for certain characteristics of housing in greater New Orleans before and after the flooding of Hurricane Katrina. Single-family home sales from January 2004 to August 2006 are collected and used in a hedonic price function to estimate the changes in the value of amenities, and structural, neighborhood and geographic characteristics, including the mean elevation of each property. Elevation, which buyers did not know for certain prior to the storm, but may now be inferred from water level marks in most neighborhoods, is found to have a positive relationship with selling prices. Results indicate that pre-Katrina, there was a premium of only 1.4% per foot in flood-prone areas, and was insignificant in areas not subject to flooding. This increased to 4.6% for flooded areas after Katrina. These findings are attributed to not only the perceived risk of flooding, but also to the potential of higher compliance costs associated with rebuilding under more stringent National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) guidelines.
Delocalization of Wannier-Stark ladders by phonons: Tunneling and stretched polarons

We study the coherent dynamics of a Holstein polaron in strong electric fields. A detailed analytical and numerical analysis shows that even for small hopping constant and weak electron-phonon interaction, polaron states can become delocalized if a resonance condition develops between the original Wannier-Stark states and the phonon modes, yielding both tunneling and stretched polarons. The unusual stretched polarons are characterized by a phonon cloud that trails the electron, instead of accompanying it. In general, our novel approach allows us to show that the polaron spectrum has a complex nearly fractal structure, due to the coherent coupling between states in the Cayley tree which describes the relevant Hilbert space. The eigenstates of a finite ladder are analyzed in terms of the observable tunneling and optical properties of the system.
Fuzzy modeling of signal transduction networks

Abstract This work proposes a fuzzy modeling-based approach for describing signal transduction networks. Many key steps in signal transduction mechanisms have been investigated and described qualitatively in the literature, however, only little quantitative information is available. Fuzzy models can make use of this situation as fuzzy rules can be based upon the qualitative information that is found in the literature whereas training of the model can be performed with data that is available. This combination of a fuzzy rule set based upon qualitative information with parameters to be determined from data can result in models where fewer parameters need to be estimated than if fundamental or black-box models were used. The presented fuzzy modeling procedure is used to describe two signal transduction pathways, one for IL-6 and one for TNF-α signaling. It is shown that the resulting models are capable of capturing the dynamics of key components of both signal transduction pathways.
QUINTET PAIRING AND NON-ABELIAN VORTEX STRING IN SPIN-3/2 COLD ATOMIC SYSTEMS

We study the s-wave quintet Cooper pairing phase (Spair = 2) in spin-3/2 cold atomic systems and identify various novel features which do not appear in spin-1/2 pairing systems. A single quantum vortex is shown to be energetically less stable than a pair of half-quantum vortices. The half-quantum vortex exhibits the global analogue of the non-Abelian Alice string and SO(4) Cheshire charge in gauge theories. The non-Abelian half-quantum vortex loop enables topological generation of quantum entanglement.
Seismic characterization of reservoirs containing multiple fracture sets

Natural fractures in reservoirs play an important role in determining fluid flow during production and knowledge of the orientation and density of fractures is required to optimize production. Variations in reflection amplitude versus offset (AVO) are sensitive to the presence of fractures but current models used to invert the seismic response often make simplified assumptions that prevent fractured reservoirs from being characterized correctly. For example, many models assume a single set of perfectly aligned fractures, whereas most reservoirs contain several fracture sets with variable orientation within a given fracture set. In addition, many authors only consider the azimuthal variation in the small offset amplitude versus offset and azimuth response (the variation in AVO gradient with azimuth), while the effect of fractures on amplitude versus offset and azimuth increases with increasing offset. In this paper, the variation in the reflection coefficient of seismic P-waves as a function of azimuth and offset due to the presence of multiple sets of fractures with variable orientation within any fracture set is used to determine the components of a second-rank fracture compliance tensor α ij . The variation in the trace of this tensor as a function of position in the reservoir can be used to estimate the variation in fracture density with position in the reservoir and may be used to choose the location of infill wells in the field. The principal axes of α ij reveal the most compliant direction within the reservoir and may be used to optimize the trajectory of deviated wells. The determination of the principal axes of α ij requires wide azimuth acquisition and the use of the small-offset amplitude versus offset and azimuth (the azimuthal variation of the AVO gradient) may give misleading results.
Recent Advances in the Development of Polyamine Analogues as Antitumor Agents

Since the publication of our previous Perspective dealing with polyamine drug discovery,1 the field has undergone numerous changes. Most prominent among these changes, from a medicinal chemistry point of view, is that polyamine drug discovery efforts have partially shifted away from an emphasis on inhibitors of polyamine biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. This shift is in part due to the fact that multiple compensatory mechanisms are available that are able to maintain homeostasis in cellular polyamine pools,2 and thus the utility of specific enzyme inhibitors as drugs is limited. Specific inhibitors are available for every enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway,1, 3-6 and for the polyamine transport system.7-9 Although these inhibitors have significant effects on their respective target enzymes, only one inhibitor, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) has reached the market. DFMO was originally designed as an antitumor agent, but the drug was not effective enough to warrant continued Phase II trials. However, it has been shown to be an effective cure for infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (West African Sleeping Sickness),10, 11 and has recently shown considerable potential as a cancer chemopreventive agent (see below).12-14 Although no other polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor has been advanced to the market, the ubiquitous nature of the natural polyamines would lead one to conclude that these molecules have numerous cellular effector sites that are frequently dysregulated in cancer, and as such should provide a target rich environment for therapeutic intervention. Recent medicinal chemistry efforts in the polyamine field have focused on the discovery of compounds that produce cellular effects that are either independent of, or in addition to the polyamine metabolic enzymes. In addition, polyamine chains have been used to make hybrid drug molecules in order to improve cellular import, increase affinity for chromatin or to serve as carriers. This Perspective will focus on developments in polyamine drug discovery since our previous article.1
Nuclear effects in prompt photon production at the Large Hadron Collider

Abstract We present a detailed study of prompt photon production cross section in heavy-ion collisions in the central rapidity region at energy of s =5.5 TeV, appropriate to LHC experiment. We include the next-to-leading order radiative corrections, O(αemαs2), nuclear shadowing and the parton energy-loss effects. We find that the nuclear effects can reduce the invariant cross section for prompt photon production by an order of magnitude at pt=3 GeV. We discuss theoretical uncertainties due to parton energy loss and nuclear shadowing parameters. We show that the K-factor, which signifies the importance of next-to-leading order corrections, is large and has a strong pt dependence.
Representation and processing in the self‐system: An action‐oriented approach to self and self‐relevant phenomena

This paper outlines a cognitive model of the self‐system. The model details the structural representation of self‐relevant information in memory and the processes by which that information is retrieved and utilized. Central to the model is the assumption that self‐knowledge is held in action‐relevant modular units that are employed in guiding and regulating cognition and behavior. Five experimental tests of various facets of the model are also reported. These studies support the view that self‐relevant information is held in modular units, independent of other units comprising the self‐system. Further, it is possible to prime the symbolic primitives comprising these modules by presentation of situational features. Finally, once a particular symbolic node is activated, that activation will spread to other, associated nodes. Implications of the model and its relation to other cognitive models of the self‐system are discussed.
Testing the Sticky Information Phillips Curve

Abstract I consider the empirical evidence for the sticky information model relative to the basic sticky price model, conditional on historical measures of inflation forecasts. The estimated structural parameters are inconsistent with an underlying sticky information model and the sticky information Phillips curve is statistically dominated by the new Keynesian Phillips curve. I find that the poor performance of the sticky information approach is driven by two key elements. First, the sticky information model underestimates inflation in the 1970s and overestimates inflation since the 1980s. Second, predicted inflation from the sticky information model is excessively smooth.
Enhanced heat conduction in phase-change thermal energy storage devices

Abstract Phase-change energy storage devices have an inherent disadvantage due to the insulating properties of the phase-change materials (PCM's) used. Such systems are difficult to analyze theoretically due to the nonlinearities of the moving liquid-solid interface and the presence of natural convection as shown by several recent numerical and experimental investigations. Previous work has been unsuccessful in predicting the performance of phase-change devices in the presence of fins and natural convection. This study presents a simplified numerical model based on a quasi-linear, transient, thin fin equation, which predicts the fraction of melted PCM, and the shape of the liquid-solid interface as a function of time with sufficient accuracy for engineering purposes. Experimental results are compared in dimensionless form with model predictions, and show fairly good agreement. To achieve high heat-transfer rates with a fixed amount of PCM and metal fin material, the model indicates that melting the PCM in a pure conduction mode with closely spaced thin fins is preferable to melting PCM with thicker fins spread further apart, even in the presence of natural convection.
Ehrhart polynomials of cyclic polytopes

The Ehrhart polynomial of an integral convex polytope counts the number of lattice points in dilates of the polytope. In (Coefficients and roots of Ehrhart polynomials, preprint), the authors conjectured that for any cyclic polytope with integral parameters, the Ehrhart polynomial of it is equal to its volume plus the Ehrhart polynomial of its lower envelope and proved the case when the dimension d=2. In our article, we prove the conjecture for any dimension.
Advancing the state of home networking

Before building the network or its components, first understand the home and the behavior of its human inhabitants.
Neural Network Based Representation of Uh-60a Pilot and Hub Accelerations

Neural network relationships between the full-scale, experimental hub accelerations and the corresponding pilot floor vertical vibration are studied. The present physics-based, quantitative effort represents an initial systematic study on the UH-60A Black Hawk hub accelerations. The NASA/Army UH-60A Airloads Program flight test database was used. A 'maneuver-effect-factor (MEF)', derived using the roll-angle and the pitch-rate, was used. Three neural network based representation-cases were considered. The pilot floor vertical vibration was considered in the first case and the hub accelerations were separately considered in the second case. The third case considered both the hub accelerations and the pilot floor vertical vibration. Neither the advance ratio nor the gross weight alone could be used to predict the pilot floor vertical vibration. However, the advance ratio and the gross weight together could be used to predict the pilot floor vertical vibration over the entire flight envelope. The hub accelerations data were modeled and found to be of very acceptable quality. The hub accelerations alone could not be used to predict the pilot floor vertical vibration. Thus, the hub accelerations alone do not drive the pilot floor vertical vibration. However, the hub accelerations, along with either the advance ratio or the gross weight or both, could be used to satisfactorily predict the pilot floor vertical vibration. The hub accelerations are clearly a factor in determining the pilot floor vertical vibration.
Heat kernel estimates and Harnack inequalities for some Dirichlet forms with non-local part

We consider the Dirichlet form given by $$ {\cal E}(f,f) = \frac{1}{2}\int_{R^d}\sum_{i,j=1}^d a_{ij}(x)\frac{\partial f(x)}{\partial x_i} \frac{\partial f(x)}{\partial x_j} dx$$ $$ + \int_{R^d \times R^d} (f(y)-f(x))^2J(x,y)dxdy.$$ Under the assumption that the ${a_{ij}}$ are symmetric and uniformly elliptic and with suitable conditions on $J$, the nonlocal part, we obtain upper and lower bounds on the heat kernel of the Dirichlet form. We also prove a Harnack inequality and a regularity theorem for functions that are harmonic with respect to $\cal E$.
The early days of NMR in the Southwest

This article describes the beginnings of NMR in the Southwest (New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) that started shortly after observation of the first signals in condensed matter. Besides university laboratories, very early NMR research was carried out in U.S. government, petroleum industry, and independent contract research laboratories. Much early research in biomedical NMR was also carried out. A major portion of the early work involved the use of NMR to explore for petroleum and analyze it. Petroleum exploration and much of biomedical NMR depend on the effects of surfaces in shortening the NMR relaxation times of the adsorbed water, and much of the research involved this topic. This history describes the path of development and the general types of instrumentation and identifies the people involved, which include many of the earliest pioneers in NMR located in other regions of the U.S. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 13: 77–102, 2001
Improving branch prediction accuracy by reducing pattern history table interference

A deeply pipelined superscalar processor needs an accurate branch predictor in order to approach its performance potential. The 2-level branch predictors have been shown to achieve high prediction accuracy, yet they still suffer a significant number of mispredictions. It has been shown that a number of these mispredictions are due to interference in the pattern history tables. This paper details a method for reducing the amount of pattern history table interference by dynamically identifying some easily predictable branches and inhibiting the pattern history table update for these branches. We show that inhibiting the update in this manner reduces the amount of destructive interference in the global history variation of the 2-level branch predictor, resulting in significantly improved branch prediction accuracy for the SPEC 95 benchmarks. For example, for a 2 K Byte gshare predictor, we eliminate 38% of the mispredictions for the gcc benchmark.
Methanocarba ring as a ribose modification in ligands of G protein-coupled purine and pyrimidine receptors: synthetic approaches

Adenosine receptors (ARs) and P2Y receptors for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides have widespread distribution and regulate countless physiological processes. Various synthetic ligands are in clinical trials for treatment of inflammatory diseases, pain, cancer, thrombosis, ischemia, and other conditions. The methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) ring system as a rigid substitution for ribose, which maintains either a North (N) or South (S) conformation, tends to preserve or enhance the potency and/or selectivity for certain receptor subtypes. This review summarizes recent developments in the synthetic approaches to these biologically important nucleoside and nucleotide analogues.
Elliptic Gromov–Witten Invariants¶and Virasoro Conjecture

We study some necessary and sufficient conditions for the genus-1 Virasoro conjecture proposed by Eguchi–Hori–Xiong and S. Katz.
Prognostic factors responsible for survival in sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary—An analysis of 376 women

Abstract Objective. To evaluate prognostic factors that impact on the survival of women with ovarian sex cord stromal tumors (SCST). Methods. Data including age at diagnosis, stage, histology, grade, treatment, and survival were extracted from the 1988–2001 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to determine the predictors for survival. Results. 376 women (median age: 51) with ovarian sex cord stromal cell tumors were identified, including 339 with granulosa cell and 37 with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. 265 (71%) patients had stage I, 39 (10%) stage II, 40 (11%) stage III, and 32 (8%) had stage IV disease. Women with stage I–II disease had a 5-year disease-specific survival of 95% compared to 59% in those with stage III–IV cancers ( p 50 years (93% vs. 84%, p p =0.003), but not for advanced-staged (68% vs. 53%, p =0.09) patients. 110 patients with stage I–II disease underwent conservative surgery without hysterectomy. The survival for this group was similar to patients who underwent a standard surgery including a hysterectomy (94.8% and 94.9%, p =0.38). On multivariate analysis, age ≤50 ( p =0.001) and early-stage disease ( p Conclusions. Younger age and early-stage disease are important predictors for improved survival in patients with ovarian sex cord stromal tumors. Conservative surgical treatment for early-staged patients wishing to retain fertility appears to be a safe alternative.
Optimal capacity of a firm's computer backup center

Continuous provision of computing services is a crucial concern to more and more organizations characterized by a heavy use of computers to promote their survival and prosperity. Yet despite the costly consequences of computer system breakdowns, few research results are available to guide business firms in managing the risks of computer system breakdowns. This paper identifies a number of common strategies to cope with the computer downtime problem. Useful analytical models and solution procedures are then proposed to tackle this critical problem.
The effect of LAB 173711 and ethephon on time of flowering and cold hardiness of peach flower buds

Peach flowers are often killed during bloom by spring frosts. LAB 173711, a compound with abscisic (ABA)-like activity, and ethephon delayed flowering in peach trees. In greenhouse experiments, LAB 173711, at concentrations of 10−3–10−2 M, was most effective in delaying bloom when applied after a 5°C cold storage period, rather than before the dormancy breaking treatment. In contrast, ethephon delayed bloom most effectively when applied before 5°C cold storage; ethephon caused flower bud abscission when treatments were made after the chilling requirement had been satisfied. In field experiments, ethephon delayed flowering by 6–7 days, which reduced bud injury after a spring frost during bloom. No flower bud injury was found on ethephon-treated trees after temperatures of −4.3°C; whereas without ethephon 25% of the flower buds were frost damaged. LAB 173711 delayed the time to 50% bloom by 2–3 days. However, this was not long enough to avoid low-temperature injury to the flower buds.
Criminal Offenders and Right Forfeiture

It is plausible to believe that the only way that legal punishment can be made consistent with the basic moral rights of offenders is to hold that offenders have, through their crimes, forfeited those rights. Numerous problems with the right forfeiture view are discussed. In its stead, I urge the view that legal punishment should be understood as justifiably curtailing the moral rights of offenders. Offenders retain some of their basic moral rights, while others are severely limited by legal punishment.
External and Internal Reconnection in Two Filament-Carrying Magnetic-Cavity Solar Eruptions

We observe two near-limb solar filament eruptions, one of 2000 February 26 and the other of 2002 January 4. For both we use 195 Angstroms, Fe XII images from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), both of which are on the Solar arid Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). For the earlier event we also use soft X-ray telescope (SXT), hard X-ray telescope (HXT), and Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) data from the Yohkoh satellite, and hard X-ray data from the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observation, (CGRO). Both events occur in quadrupolar magnetic regions, and both have coronal features that we infer belong to the same magnetic cavity structures as the filaments. In both cases, the cavity and filament first rise slowly at approximately 10 kilometers per second prior to eruption and then accelerate to approximately 100 kilometers per second during the eruption, although the slow-rise movement for the higher altitude cavity elements is clearer in the later event. We estimate that both filaments and both cavities contain masses of approximately 10(exp 14)-10(exp 15) and approximately 10(exp 15)-10(exp 16)g, respectively. We consider whether two specific magnetic reconnection-based models for eruption onset, the tether cutting and the breakout models, are consistent with our observations. In the earlier event, soft X-rays from SXT show an intensity increase during the 12 minute interval over which fast eruption begins, which is consistent with tether-cutting-model predictions. Substantial hard X-rays, however, do not occur until after fast eruption is underway, and so this is a constraint the tether-cutting model must satisfy. During the same 12 minute interval over which fast eruption begins, there are brightenings and topological changes in the corona indicative of high-altitude reconnection early in the eruption, and this is consistent with breakout predictions. In both eruptions, the state of the overlying loops at the time of onset of the fast-rise phase of the corresponding filament can be compared with expectations from the breakout model, thereby setting constraints that the breakout model must meet. Our findings are consistent with both runaway tether-cutting-type reconnection and fast breakout-type reconnection, occurring early in the fast phase of the February eruption and with both types of reconnection being important in unleashing the explosion, but we are not able to say which, if either, type of reconnection actually triggered the fast phase. In any case, we have found specific constraints that either model, or any other model, must satisfy if correct.
Maximum-weight bipartite matching technique and its application in image feature matching

An important and difficult problem in computer vision is to determine 2D image feature correspondences over a set of images. In this paper, two new affinity measures for image points and lines from different images are presented, and are used to construct unweighted and weighted bipartite graphs. It is shown that the image feature matching problem can be reduced to an unweighted matching problem in the bipartite graphs. It is further shown that the problem can be formulated as the general maximum-weight bipartite matching problem, thus generalizing the above unweighted bipartite matching technique.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Selective formation of biphasic thin films of metal–organic frameworks by potential-controlled cathodic electrodeposition

Cathodic electrodeposition lends itself to the formation of biphasic metal–organic framework thin films at room temperature from single deposition baths using potential bias as the main user input. Depending on the applied potential, we selectively deposit two different phases as either bulk mixtures or bilayer films.
Categorified Symplectic Geometry and the Classical String

A Lie 2-algebra is a ‘categorified’ version of a Lie algebra: that is, a category equipped with structures analogous to those of a Lie algebra, for which the usual laws hold up to isomorphism. In the classical mechanics of point particles, the phase space is often a symplectic manifold, and the Poisson bracket of functions on this space gives a Lie algebra of observables. Multisymplectic geometry describes an n-dimensional field theory using a phase space that is an ‘n-plectic manifold’: a finite-dimensional manifold equipped with a closed nondegenerate (n + 1)-form. Here we consider the case n = 2. For any 2-plectic manifold, we construct a Lie 2-algebra of observables. We then explain how this Lie 2-algebra can be used to describe the dynamics of a classical bosonic string. Just as the presence of an electromagnetic field affects the symplectic structure for a charged point particle, the presence of a B field affects the 2-plectic structure for the string.
Planning Compliant Motion Strategies

This paper describes a planning program that synthesizes compliant motion strategies, in which an object in the grasp of a robot slides along obstacles, in an attempt to reach a goal region. The input to the planner is a model of the task geometry, a start region, and a goal region. To make the planning problem tractable, we reduce the task geometry to a finite state space, whose states are collections of vertices, edges, and faces from the configuration space of the robot. Strategy synthesis is complicated by uncertainty in the start ing configuration of the robot and in robot sensing and con trol. The planner synthesizes compliant motions that are guaranteed to perform state transitions despite uncertainty. Using best first search, compliant motions are synthesized until a strategy is found from the start state to a goal state. A strategy may require that the robot stop in an intermediate state, using sensors to determine the next commanded motion.
Sequences and dynamical systems associated with canonical approximation by rationals

We study metrical properties of various subsequences associated to the sequence of rational approximants coming from the continued fraction of an irrational number. Our methods build upon Bosma, Jager and Wiedijk's proof of the Doblin-Lenstra conjecture as well as Jager's subsequent treatment of the sequence of approximation pairs.
The Preparation of Substituted 5H-Pyrazolo[1,5-c] [1,3]-Benzoxazin-5-ones from the Trianions of Certain Hydroxyphenylcarboethoxyhydrazones

Abstract The trianions of the carboethoxyhydrazones of o-and p-hydroxyacetophenones and related materials were prepared in an excess of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), condensed with methyl salicylate or methyl 4-methoxysalicylate, and acid-cyclized to substituted pyrazolobenzoxazinones.
Detecting fever in young infants: reliability of perceived, pacifier, and temporal artery temperatures in infants younger than 3 months of age.

ObjectivesFever in young infants frequently triggers a laboratory evaluation because of the increased likelihood of serious bacterial infections. Reported fever by methods other than rectal thermometry is of concern. This study evaluates the validity of perceived, pacifier, and temporal artery (TA)
3D Specific Systems: Design and CAD

3D stacking and integration can provide significant system advantages. Following a brief technology review, this abstract explores application drivers, design and CAD for 3D ICs. The main 3D exploitation explored in detail is that of logic on memory. This application is explored in a specific DSP example, showing a 25% power advantage when implemented in 3D compared with 2D. Finally critical areas that need better solutions are explored. These include cost management, design planning, test management, and thermal management.
Multiparameter radar study of rainfall: Potential application to area-time integral studies

Multiparameter radars measure one or more additional parameters in addition to the coventional reflectivity factor. The combination of radar observations from a multiparameter radar is used to study the time evolution of rainstorms. A technique is presented to self-consistently compare the area-time integral (ATI) and rainfall volume estimates from convective storms, using two different measurements from a multiparameter radar. Rainfall volumes for the lifetime of individual storms are computed using the reflectivity at S band (10-cm wavelength) as well as one-way specific attenuation at X band (3-cm wavelength). Area-time integrals are computed by summing all areas in each radar snapshot having reflectivities (S band) in excess of a preselected threshold. The multiparameter radar data used in this study were acquired by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CP-2 radar during the Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment (COHMEX) and the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (CaPE), respectively. ATI studies were accomplished in this work using multiparameter radar data acquired during the lifetime of six convective events that occurred in the COHMEX radar coverage area. A case study from the COMHEX field campaign (20 July 1986) was selected to depict the various stages in the evolution of a storm over which the ATI and rainfall volume computations were performed using multiparameter radar data. Another case study from the CaPE field campaign (12 August 1991) was used to demonstrate the evolution of a convective cell based on differential reflectivity observations.
Chiral metal–organic frameworks with tunable open channels as single-site asymmetric cyclopropanation catalysts

A pair of interpenetrated and non-interpenetrated chiral metal–organic frameworks with the same catalytic sites but different open channel sizes catalysed asymmetric cyclopropanation of substituted terminal alkenes with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 9.6) and enantioselectivities (up to >99%).
Asymptotic analysis of the Krawtchouk polynomials by the WKB method

We analyze the Krawtchouk polynomials K n (x,N,p,q) asymptotically. We use singular perturbation methods to analyze them for N→∞, with appropriate scalings of the two variables x and n. In particular, the WKB method and asymptotic matching are used. We obtain asymptotic approximations valid in the whole domain [0,N]×[0,N], involving some special functions. We give numerical examples showing the accuracy of our formulas.
Artificial cooling due to quiet injection in bounded plasma particle simulations

An explanation is proposed for an artificial cooling effect seen in electrostatic particle-in-cell plasma simulations. The effect hinges on heat transport from the trapped electrons to fluctuations of the electric field, which are kept at a sub-thermal level through the continuous ''quiet'' injection of passing electrons. Further simulations are done which test and support the explanation. copyright 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Disc amplitudes, picture changing and space-time actions

We study in detail the procedure for obtaining couplings of D-branes to closed string fields by evaluating string theory disc amplitudes. We perform a careful construction of the relevant vertex operators and discuss the effects of inserting the boundary state which encodes the presence of the D-brane. We confront the issue of non-decoupling of BRSTexact states and prove that the problem is evaded for the computations we need, thus demonstrating that our amplitudes are automatically gauge-invariant and independent of the distribution of picture charge. Finally, we compute explicitly the two-point amplitudes of two NS-NS fields or one NS-NS and one R-R field on the disc, and we carefully compare all the lowest order terms with predictions from supergravity.
On Limits of Uniquely Best Linear Estimators

In a general linear model, it is shown that all admissible linear estimators are limits of linear estimators that are uniquely best at some point in an extended parameter set. The principal result shows that a linear estimator that is uniquely best at a pointW 2 among multiple linear estimators that are best at a pointW 1 is the limit of uniquely best estimators at points approachingW 1 along the line joiningW 1 andW 2.
Preparation of cyclic ketoximes using aqueous hydroxylamine in ionic liquids

Abstract Cyclohexanone oxime (the precursor for making e-caprolactam) is readily prepared from cyclohexanone using aqueous hydroxylamine in ionic liquids.
uShuffle: A useful tool for shuffling biological sequences while preserving the k-let counts

Randomly shuffled sequences are routinely used in sequence analysis to evaluate the statistical significance of a biological sequence. In many cases, biologists need sophisticated shuffling tools that preserve not only the counts of distinct letters but also higher-order statistics such as doublet counts, triplet counts, and, in general, k-let counts. We present a sequence analysis tool (named uShuffle) for generating uniform random permutations of biological sequences (such as DNAs, RNAs, and proteins) that preserve the exact k-let counts. The uShuffle tool implements the latest variant of the Euler algorithm and uses Wilson's algorithm in the crucial step of arborescence generation. It is carefully engineered and extremely efficient. The uShuffle tool achieves maximum flexibility by allowing arbitrary alphabet size and let size. It can be used as a command-line program, a web application, or a utility library. Source code in C, Java, and C#, and integration instructions for Perl and Python are provided. The uShuffle tool surpasses existing implementation of the Euler algorithm in both performance and flexibility. It is a useful tool for the bioinformatics community.
On Approximating the Depth and Related Problems

We study the question of finding a deepest point in an arrangement of regions and provide a fast algorithm for this problem using random sampling, showing it sufficient to solve this problem when the deepest point is shallow. This implies, among other results, a fast algorithm for approximately solving linear programming problems with violations. We also use this technique to approximate the disk covering the largest number of red points, while avoiding all the blue points, given two such sets in the plane. Using similar techniques implies that approximate range counting queries have roughly the same time and space complexity as emptiness range queries.
Sudden stops and the Mexican wave: Currency crises, capital flow reversals and output loss in emerging markets

Sudden stops are the simultaneous occurrence of a currency/balance of payments crisis with a reversal in capital flows. We investigate whether sudden-stop crises are a unique phenomenon and whether they entail an especially large and abrupt pattern of output collapse (a bMexican waveQ). Using a panel data set over 1975–1997 and covering 24 emerging-market economies, we distinguish between the output effects of currency crises, capital inflow reversals, and sudden-stop crises. Sudden-stop crises have a large negative, but short-lived, impact on output growth over and above that found with currency crises. A currency crisis typically reduces output by about 2–3%, while a sudden stop reduces output by an additional 6–8% in the year of the crisis. The cumulative output loss of a sudden stop is even larger, around 13–15% over a 3-year period. Our model estimates correspond closely to the output dynamics of the dMexican waveT (such as seen in Mexico in 1995, Turkey in 1994 and elsewhere), and out-of-sample predictions of the model explain well the sudden (and seemingly unexpected) collapse in output associated with the 1997–1998 Asian Crisis. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
US Army Panama field test of plastic encapsulated devices

Abstract Over 175 million device hours have been accumulated on 5688 transistors and 1316 bipolar microcircuits in seven years of testing in the Panama Canal Zone. Failure rates and failure modes of biased and stored plastic encapsulated devices are detailed. The data indicate that certain plastic packaged microcircuits have performed as well as hermetic ceramic units on this test. Preliminary CMOS reliability information is also presented.
Restaurant tipping: an examination of three ‘rational’ explanations

Tipping is a world-wide custom involving billions of dollars. The voluntary nature of tipping raises questions about why people tip. From a rational-choice perspective, tipping makes sense only if desired outcomes are contingent on how much is tipped. Three possibilities are that people tip in order to buy social approval, equitable relationships and/or future service. Hypotheses derived from these potential explanations for tipping were tested in a study in which restaurant customers were interviewed (as they left the restaurant) about their dining experience and tipping behavior. Tipping was related to bill size, patronage frequency, service ratings and the interaction of bill size with patronage frequency. Tipping was not related to group size, number of courses, alcohol consumption, food ratings or the interaction of patronage frequency with service ratings. These results are consistent with the use of tips to buy social approval and equitable relationships but not with the use of tips to buy future service.
Cavity QED with Diamond Nanocrystals and Silica Microspheres

Normal mode splitting is observed in a cavity QED system in which nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals are coupled to whispering gallery modes in a silica microsphere. The composite nanocrystal-microsphere system takes advantage of the exceptional spin properties of nitrogen vacancy centers as well as the ultrahigh quality factor of silica microspheres. The observation of the normal mode splitting indicates that the dipole optical interaction between the relevant nitrogen vacancy center and whispering gallery mode has reached the strong coupling regime of cavity QED.
Radiation of Angular Momentum by Neutrinos from Merged Binary Neutron Stars

We study neutrino emission from the remnant of an inspiraling binary neutron star following coalescence. The mass of the merged remnant is likely to exceed the stability limit of a cold, rotating neutron star. However, the angular momentum of the remnant may also approach or even exceed the Kerr limit, J/M2 = 1, so that total collapse may not be possible unless some angular momentum is dissipated. We find that neutrino emission is very inefficient in decreasing the angular momentum of these merged objects and may even lead to a small increase in J/M2. We illustrate these findings with a post-Newtonian, ellipsoidal model calculation. Simple arguments suggest that the remnant may form a bar mode instability on a timescale similar to or shorter than the neutrino emission timescale, in which case the evolution of the remnant will be dominated by the emission of gravitational waves.
Poorhouse to Warehouse: Institutional Long-Term Care in the United States

Nursing homes in the United States are a product of American federalism and reflect the complexities and variabilities of that system. Over time, institutional long-term care for frail elders has shifted from local government funding and administration to state-level oversight and support to a shared federal-state concern. The unsystematic American approach produces haphazard results in terms of quality, equity, and efficiency. The graying of the American population will increase the demand for long-term care, resulting in pressure for a more coherent policy response.
Spatial instability of a viscous liquid sheet

The spatial instability theory is used to study the evolution of symmetrical and antisymmetrical disturbances of a moving viscous liquid sheet in an inviscid gas medium. The similarities and dissimilarities between spatial and temporal instabilities are delineated. Effects of properties such as viscosity, density, and surface tension on instability are examined. It is found that liquid viscosity always reduces the growth rate and dominant wave number for symmetrical disturbances. For antisymmetrical disturbances, liquid viscosity reduces the growth rate and dominant wave number at large Weber number, whereas liquid viscosity enhances instability at low Weber number. An increase in the gas-to-liquid density ratio always raises the growth rate of symmetrical disturbances. The growth rate of antisymmetrical disturbances initially increases with the density ratio, and then decreases when the density ratio exceeds Weber number. Surface tension always opposes the development of instability. Symmetrical disturbances control the instability for small Weber number, whereas antisymmetrical disturbances dominate for large Weber number. The dominant wave numbers associated with symmetrical disturbances are always greater than those of antisymmetrical disturbances.
Another look at sticky prices and output persistence

Abstract Price rigidity is the key mechanism for propagating business cycles in traditional Keynesian theory. Yet the new Keynesian literature has failed to show that sticky prices by themselves can effectively propagate business cycles. We show that price rigidity in fact can (by itself) give rise to a strong propagation mechanism in standard models, provided that investment is also subject to a cash-in-advance constraint. Reasonable price stickiness can generate highly persistent, hump-shaped movements in output under either monetary or non-monetary shocks. Hence, whether or not price rigidity is responsible for output persistence is not a theoretical question, but an empirical one.
Recovery from DSM-IV alcohol dependence: United States, 2001-2002.

Aims To investigate the prevalence and correlates of recovery from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV) alcohol dependence by examining the past-year status of individuals who met the criteria for prior-to-past-year (PPY) dependence. Design Cross-sectional, retrospective survey of a nationally representative sample of US adults 18 years of age and over (first wave of a planned longitudinal survey). Methods This analysis is based on data from the 2001–02 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), in which data were collected in personal interviews conducted with one randomly selected adult in each sample household. A subset of the NESARC sample (total n = 43 093), consisting of 4422 US adults 18 years of age and over classified with PPY DSM-IV alcohol dependence, were evaluated with respect to their past-year recovery status: past-year dependence, partial remission, full remission, asymptomatic risk drinking, abstinent recovery (AR) and non-abstinent recovery (NR). Correlates of past-year status were examined in bivariate analyses and using multivariate logistic regression models. Findings Of people classified with PPY alcohol dependence, 25.0% were still classified as dependent in the past year; 27.3% were classified as being in partial remission; 11.8% were asymptomatic risk drinkers who demonstrated a pattern of drinking that put them at risk of relapse; 17.7% were low-risk drinkers; and 18.2% were abstainers. Only 25.5% of people with PPY dependence ever received treatment. Being married was associated positively with the odds of both AR and NR, and ethanol intake was negatively associated with both. Severity of dependence increased the odds of AR but decreased the odds of NR. The odds of AR (but not NR) increased with age and female gender but were decreased by the presence of a personality disorder. Treatment history modified the effects of college attendance/graduation, age at onset and interval since onset on the odds of recovery. Conclusions There is a substantial level of recovery from alcohol dependence. Information on factors associated with recovery may be useful in targeting appropriate treatment modalities.
Synthetic carbonaceous fuels and feedstocks from oxides of carbon and nuclear power

A study has been made on converting alternative sources of oxides of carbon (CO and CO2) to synthetic methanol with nuclear-power-generated electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen. The sources of CO and CO2 include 1. (1) the oxygen-blown blast furnace which produces CO as a by-product from hot-metal production, 2. (2) the steam calcination of limestone which products CO2 as a by-product of the lime and cement industry, 3. (3) fossil-fuel power plant stack-gas as a source of CO2, and 4. (4) the atmosphere, from which CO2 is recovered in a novel carbonate electrolytic cell. The recovered CO or CO2 is catalytically combined with electrolytic H2 to produce the synthetic fuels. In these systems, the conservation, efficiency, and environmental control of coal utilization is significantly improved. Blast-furnace CO could supply up to 20% of the gasoline demand in the USA at a 1985 cost of 56 to 60cent/US gallon, breaking even with $19/Bbl imported oil. The CO2 from steam calcination of limestone could supply about 9% of the gasoline demand and the recovered CO2 from only 60% of the coal-fired power plants in the country could supply all of today's gasoline demand in the country (≈1011 US gal/yr). The 1985 cost estimates for carbon-dioxide-based gasoline range from 68¢/US gal for the highly concentrated calciner-CO2 feedstream to 83¢/gal for the very dilute atmospheric CO2 feed, breaking even with $21 to $28/barrel oil for conventional gasoline. The dominating cost factor is the electrical power cost from the nuclear plant. The sharing of peaking and base-load costs between the power and synthetic-fuels consumers offers a cost and energy effective system.
Simple and Stereoselective Synthesis of Attractant of the Sugarcane Wireworm, Melanotus Tamsuyensis

Abstract Two components, (E)-9,11-dodeccadienyl butylate and (E)-9,11-dodecadienyl hexanoate, of the attractant of the sugarcane wireworm were synthesized via hydrozirconation to control the regioselective coupling reaction.