cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secure Logical Isolation for Multi-tenancy in cloud storage

Storage cloud systems achieve economies of scale by serving multiple tenants from a shared pool of servers and disks. This leads to the commingling of data from different tenants on the same devices. Typically, a request is processed by an application running with sufficient privileges to access any tenant's data; this application authenticates the user and authorizes the request prior to carrying it out. Since the only protection is at the application level, a single vulnerability threatens the data of all tenants, and could lead to cross-tenant data leakage, making the cloud much less secure than dedicated physical resources. To provide security close to physical isolation while allowing complete resource pooling, we propose Secure Logical Isolation for Multi-tenancy (SLIM). SLIM incorporates the first complete security model and set of principles for the safe logical isolation between tenant resources in a cloud storage system, as well as a set of mechanisms for implementing the model. We show how to implement SLIM for OpenStack Swift and present initial performance results.
Analysis of Neutrophil Chemotaxis and CD11b Expression in Pre-pubertal Periodontitis

The objectives of this study were to (1) determine chemotaxis (CX) response by neutrophils (PMNs) isolated from patients with the localized form of pre-pubertal periodontitis (L-PP) and compare these responses with those of age-matched and adult controls, (2) determine the level and up-regulation of CDllb expression upon stimulation with fMLP by peripheral blood PMNs (PB-PMNs) isolated from patients with L-PP and compare these levels with those of age-matched and adult controls, and (3) determine whether there is a correlation between CX and CDllb expression (up-regulation) by PB-PMNs. PB-PMNs from a total of seven patients with L-PP, seven age-matched pediatric controls, and 11 adult controls (four adults for both CDllb and CX assays, and seven adults for CX assays only) were analyzed for CX and CDllb expression. Direct immunofluorescence staining of CDllb was performed with FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibody. Flow cytometry was used to analyze stained cells for their fluorescence intensity. Chemotaxis ...
Theory of the cyclotron resonance laser accelerator

The nonlinear interaction of a continuous electron beam with a traveling electromagnetic wave in the cyclotron resonance laser (CRL) accelerator is analyzed. It is found that the maximum beam energy gain and acceleration distance obey certain scaling laws for optimized systems, and that the maximum energy gain is limited primarily by the degree of wave dispersion and is almost independent of the wave amplitude. As an example, design studies of a 33-GHz, high- current, CRL accelerator based on three-dimensional, self-consistent, multiparticle simulations are presented.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Electrooptic Deflector Design Considerations For Use In The Crystal Streak Camera

Figure-of-merit equations for material selection and detailed design equations have been developed to aid in the design of a linear electrooptic deflector element for use in a 10-ps streak camera. The figure of merit indicates that BaTiO3, KTN, and ammonium oxalate (AMO) are suitable materials. Possible deflector designs, including that of a current AMO prototype development program, are discussed. Quadratic (Kerr-effect) operation and materials are discussed along with the possibility for 10.6-μm-wavelength use.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Modeling and analysis of the induction machine: a computational/experimental approach

A multicomponent approach for communicating an understanding of the behavior of an induction machine to undergraduates is presented. In this approach, students set up and perform laboratory tests to determine equivalent-circuit parameters for the machine, develop software to analyze the circuit model, and compare the simulated results with laboratory observations and theoretical expectations. It is shown how such an approach reinforces the student's understanding of both the physical machine and the purpose of equivalent-circuit modeling and simulation in a more general context as well. >
Is obsessive-compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder, and what, if any, are spectrum conditions? A family study perspective.

BACKGROUND Experts have proposed removing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from the anxiety disorders section and grouping it with putatively related conditions in DSM-5. The current study uses co-morbidity and familiality data to inform these issues. METHOD Case family data from the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (382 OCD-affected probands and 974 of their first-degree relatives) were compared with control family data from the Johns Hopkins OCD Family Study (73 non-OCD-affected probands and 233 of their first-degree relatives). RESULTS Anxiety disorders (especially agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder), cluster C personality disorders (especially obsessive-compulsive and avoidant), tic disorders, somatoform disorders (hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder), grooming disorders (especially trichotillomania and pathological skin picking) and mood disorders (especially unipolar depressive disorders) were more common in case than control probands; however, the prevalences of eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia nervosa), other impulse-control disorders (pathological gambling, pyromania, kleptomania) and substance dependence (alcohol or drug) did not differ between the groups. The same general pattern was evident in relatives of case versus control probands. Results in relatives did not differ markedly when adjusted for demographic variables and proband diagnosis of the same disorder, though the strength of associations was lower when adjusted for OCD in relatives. Nevertheless, several anxiety, depressive and putative OCD-related conditions remained significantly more common in case than control relatives when adjusting for all of these variables simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of co-morbidity and familiality, OCD appears related both to anxiety disorders and to some conditions currently classified in other sections of DSM-IV.
engAGE in Community Using Mixed Methods to Mobilize Older People to Elucidate the Age-Friendly Attributes of Urban and Rural Places

The growing numbers of older adults in the United States will have a significant impact on community resources, which will affect the ability of residents to live and thrive in their local community regardless of age. For this study, we applied explanatory sequential mixed methods and community-based participatory research (CBPR) to discover how attributes of the physical, social, and service environments determine residents' perceptions of community age-friendliness and conditions for aging-in-place. A population survey measuring county residents' (n = 387) perceptions and importance of community resources that support community livability are explained by thematic results of the CBPR, that is, emergent proximal and distal age-friendly factors. Our qualitative approach engaged local people (n = 237) in participatory processes to study and share perceptions of environmental attributes in six communities in one Oregon county. Findings are integrated to explain similarities and differences in older residents' lived experience of rural and urban settings with regard to age-friendly foci.
Nonlinear Optics in Life

NLO is a blessing or a curse, either enhancing optical science and technology or confounding it. Has NLO become practical for technology? What are its applications? After presenting examples, more will be solicited from attendees.
Autoantibodies and Their Role in Scleroderma Clinical Care

The importance of autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis (SSc) diagnosis and prognosis has been increasingly recognized. This review discusses the current knowledge of autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis (SSc) with respect to clinical care. We focus primarily on the SSc-associated serum autoantibodies and their recognized SSc clinical phenotypes or characteristics. Geographic regional differences in autoantibody prevalence are discussed. Potential pitfalls in commercially available autoantibody testing are considered. Finally, contemporary literature in regards to antibodies to functional molecules is reviewed.
The general theory of transformational growth: Investment and Mass Production

In Craft conditions growth is driven from the supply side. The growth of the labor force sets the pace of capital accumulation, through its influence on real wages. Capital accumulates as savings are assembled by the financial system and made available to new firms, of the same size and character as the old. All this changes with the advent of Mass Production. In the era MP/CA growth is demand-driven. Investment plans depend on the expected growth of the market; this is essentially a generalization of the “accelerator” principle. So we need an understanding of how and why markets grow, to provide the basis on which business can develop firm expectations of market expansion. Market growth depends on the expansion of incomes, on the one hand, and on the willingness of households or firms to extend their use of a product or of new groups to adopt it, on the other. A concept of normal market growth can be defined but can also be seen to depend somewhat precariously on particular conditions. These investment plans cannot be developed without a consideration of pricing policies. When demand increases, capacity must rise in pace. Yet the growth of demand is not itself independent of pricing – lower prices will encourage market expansion, higher will discourage it. On the other hand prices provide the profits on which to base the financing of investment – higher prices enable a larger expansion of capacity; lower, a smaller.
Meta-analysis: adjusted indirect comparison of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization versus 90 Y-radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

To investigate comparative effectiveness of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) versus Yttrium-90 (90Y)-radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies comparing conventional (c)TACE versus 90Y-radioembolization or DEB-TACE for HCC treatment were identified using PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The adjusted indirect meta-analytic method for effectiveness comparison of DEB-TACE versus 90Y-radioembolization was used. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare baseline characteristics. A priori defined sensitivity analysis of stratified study subgroups was performed for primary outcome analyses. Publication bias was tested by Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Fourteen studies comparing DEB-TACE or 90Y-radioembolization with cTACE were included. Analysis revealed a 1-year overall survival benefit for DEB-TACE over 90Y-radioembolization (79 % vs. 54.8 %; OR: 0.57; 95 %CI: 0.355-0.915; p = 0.02; I-squared: 0 %; p > 0.5), but not for the 2-year (61 % vs. 34 %; OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.294-1.437; p = 0.29) and 3-year survival (56.4 % vs. 20.9 %; OR: 0.713; 95 % CI: 0.21-2.548; p = 0.62). There was significant heterogeneity in the 2- and 3-year survival analyses. The pooled median overall survival was longer for DEB-TACE (22.6 vs. 14.7 months). There was no significant difference in tumour response rate. DEB-TACE and 90Y-radioembolization are efficacious treatments for patients suffering from HCC; DEB-TACE demonstrated survival benefit at 1-year compared to 90Y-radioembolization but direct comparison is warranted for further evaluation. • This meta-analysis shows greater 1-year survival benefit for DEB-TACE over 90 Y-radioembolization. • DEB-TACE has a favourable 2- & 3-year survival benefit trend over 90 Y-radioembolization. • No significant difference for tumour response was detected. • Direct comparison of these methods for a more robust evaluation is warranted.
Improving Medical Education Using a Sex- and Gender-Based Medicine Lens

Sex- and Gender-Based Medicine (SGBM) is an emerging discipline within healthcare research, education, and practice. It addresses both the similarities and differences in men and women and it considers both biological and sociocultural factors that impact on the health of all individuals. On a basic level, sex refers to biology and gender refers to sociocultural factors. SGBM emerged after a body of knowledge had been established about health differences between women and men. However, these differences are not consistently considered and misperceptions are propagated when translations from the bench to the bedside are based on a predominantly one-sex model. Medical curricula are not yet integrating the evidence of sex and gender across students' educational experiences. We propose adopting a sex and gender lens to enable physicians and students to critically examine the scientific evidence and assess its applicability to specific patients. A Sex and Gender Medical Education Summit was held in 2015 to create a roadmap for integrating SGBM into medical education. We present examples that led to successful integration of SGBM in U.S. medical schools, as well as resources for medical educators and researchers, so that the health of both women and men can be positively impacted.
Understanding Biological Roles of Venoms Among the Caenophidia: The Importance of Rear-Fanged Snakes

Snake venoms represent an adaptive trophic response to the challenges confronting a limbless predator for overcoming combative prey, and this chemical means of subduing prey shows several dominant phenotypes. Many front-fanged snakes, particularly vipers, feed on various vertebrate and invertebrate prey species, and some of their venom components (e.g., metalloproteinases, cobratoxin) appear to have been selected for "broad-brush" incapacitation of different prey taxa. Using proteomic and genomic techniques, the compositional diversity of front-fanged snakes is becoming well characterized; however, this is not the case for most rear-fanged colubroid snakes. Because these species consume a high diversity of prey, and because venoms are primarily a trophic adaptation, important clues for understanding specific selective pressures favoring venom component composition will be found among rear-fanged snake venoms. Rear-fanged snakes typically (but not always) produce venoms with lower complexity than front-fanged snakes, and there are even fewer dominant (and, arguably, biologically most relevant) venom protein families. We have demonstrated taxon-specific toxic effects, where lizards and birds show high susceptibility while mammals are largely unaffected, for both Old World and New World rear-fanged snakes, strongly indicating a causal link between toxin evolution and prey preference. New data are presented on myotoxin a, showing that the extremely rapid paralysis induced by this rattlesnake toxin is specific for rodents, and that myotoxin a is ineffectual against lizards. Relatively few rear-fanged snake venoms have been characterized, and basic natural history data are largely lacking, but directed sampling of specialized species indicates that novel compounds are likely among these specialists, particularly among those species feeding on invertebrate prey such as scorpions and centipedes. Because many of the more than 2200 species of colubroid snakes are rear-fanged, and many possess a Duvernoy's venom gland, understanding the nature of their venoms is foundational to understanding venom evolution in advanced snakes.
Differential Mobility Spectrometry for Inorganic Filtration in Nuclear Forensics.

Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) is applied to the analysis of inorganic mixtures relevant to nuclear forensics. Three primary components of potential radiological dispersal devices (RDDs), cobalt, cesium, and strontium, were studied by DMS to demonstrate rapid sample cleanup when coupled to mass spectrometry. Nanosprayed salt solutions comprised of stable analogs, as proxies to these radioisotopes, and isobaric interferents were introduced to DMS. The DMS effluent was directly coupled to a mass spectrometer to confirm the elemental identity of the separated clusters. DMS dispersion plots demonstrated distinctive elemental separation from both atomic and molecular interferents. These results support the potential use of DMS as a means of rapid separation for inorganic analyses prior to analysis in a field portable mass spectrometer. The mechanism for this process is speculated to involve dynamics of solvent cluster formation under the influence of the alternating high and low electric fields of th...
Fundamental Aspects of Recoupled Pair Bonds. III. The Frustrated Recoupled Pair Bond in Oxygen Monofluoride

In a previous paper in this series, we discussed the formation of recoupled pair bonds in the a4Σ– states of CF and SF in which the recoupling process was essentially complete at the equilibrium geometry of the molecule. In this paper, we examine the a4Σ– state of oxygen monofluoride (OF), which could also have a recoupled pair bond. Unlike the other two molecules, generalized valence bond calculations predict that the recoupling in OF is woefully incomplete at Re and the resulting potential energy curve for the OF(a4Σ–) state is purely repulsive; the binding energy, ≈11 kcal/mol, is entirely due to dynamical correlation. A number of factors account for these differences, but the nature of the dominant correlation effect in the oxygen 2p lone pair as well as the spatial extent of the 2p orbital are paramount.
Cathepsin B Improves ß-Amyloidosis and Learning and Memory in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

Amyloid-s (As) precursor protein (APP) metabolism engages neuronal endolysosomal pathways for As processing and secretion. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dysregulation of APP leads to excess As and neuronal dysfunction; suggesting that neuronal APP/As trafficking can be targeted for therapeutic gain. Cathepsin B (CatB) is a lysosomal cysteine protease that can lower As levels. However, whether CatB-modulation of As improves learning and memory function deficits in AD is not known. To this end, progenitor neurons were infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing CatB and recovered cell lysates subjected to proteomic analyses. The results demonstrated Lamp1 deregulation and linkages between CatB and the neuronal phagosome network. Hippocampal injections of adeno-associated virus expressing CatB reduced As levels, increased Lamp1 and improved learning and memory. The findings were associated with the emergence of c-fos + cells. The results support the idea that CatB can speed As metabolism through lysosomal pathways and as such reduce AD-associated memory deficits.
Integrated Raman and Angular Scattering Microscopy (IRAM)

A microscope system has been constructed that allows simultaneous acquisition of Raman scattering spectra and elastic scattering Fourier-plane data. The Raman scattering channel reports on chemical composition of the microscopic sample while the elastic scattering channel reports on morphological information about the sample. The system has been validated by acquiring data from single polystyrene beads and analyzing the elastic scattering signal using Generalized Lorenz-Mie Theory while comparing the Raman scattering signature to other polystyrene spectra from the literature. Monocytes and neutrophils, two immune cell types, have also been studied and show clear chemical and morphological differences between cell types.
Interactive effects of productivity and predation on zooplankton diversity

Recent studies suggest the necessity of understanding the interactive effects of predation and productivity on species coexistence and prey diversity. Models predict that coexistence of prey species with different competitive abilities can be achieved if inferior resource competitors are less susceptible to predation and if productivity and/or predation pressure are at intermediate levels. Hence, predator effects on prey diversity are predicted to be highly context dependent: enhancing diversity from low to intermediate levels of productivity or predation and reducing diversity of prey at high levels of productivity or predation. While several studies have examined the interactive effects of herbivory and productivity on primary producer diversity, experimental studies of such effects in predator-prey systems are rare. We tested these predictions using an aquatic field mesocosm experiment in which initial density of the zooplankton predator Notonecta undulata and productivity were manipulated to test their interactive effects on diversity of seven zooplankton, cladoceran species that were common in surrounding ponds. Two productivity levels were imposed via phosphorus enrichment at levels comparable to low and intermediate levels found within neighboring natural ponds. We used open systems to allow for natural dispersal and behaviorally-mediated numerical responses by the flight-capable predator. Effects of predators on zooplankton diversity depended on productivity level. At low and high productivity, prey species richness declined while at high productivity it showed a unimodal relationship with increasing the predator density. Effects of treatments were weaker when using Pielou's evenness index or the inverse Simpson index as measures of prey diversity. Our findings are generally consistent with model predictions in which predators can facilitate prey coexistence and diversity at intermediate levels of productivity and predation intensity. Our work also shows that the functional form of the relationship between prey diversity and predation intensity can be complex and highly dependent on environmental context.
Book Review: Image and Emotion in Voter Decisions: The Affect Agenda by Renita Coleman and H. Denis Wu:

A Journal Article by Dr. Kioko Ireri, an Assistant Professor of Journalism in the School of Science and Technology in USIU- Africa
LOCAL ESTIMATES AND THE EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS TO NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on local estimates and the existence of multiple solutions to nonlinear elliptic problems. It reviews the existence of multiple solutions of boundary value problems for nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations of the given form. The chapter describes the way in which a method developed by L. Cesari can be used to study the existence of solutions to problem by considering the local behavior of a function. It discusses the way in which this approach leads to criteria for the existence of multiple solutions to problem. The chapter also discusses the evolution of the use of the alternative method from the existence of solutions to boundary value problems for nonlinear ordinary differential equations to the existence of multiple solutions for boundary value problems for nonlinear elliptic equations whose nonlinearity is a function of a partial derivative of u.
An optimal lateness and tardiness scheduling in real-time systems

We address lateness and tardiness scheduling policies for real-time systems. It is well-known that preemptive Earliest Deadline First (EDF) minimizes the worst lateness and tardiness of a finite set of tasks with known arrival times, service times and deadlines to the finishing time, on a uniprocessor. We extend this result significantly, to include an arbitrary (possibly infinite) number of tasks with arbitrary arrival and service times, and deadlines, and to show thatEDF We also show that a combination ofEDF and Shortest Remaining Processing Time First (SRPTF) policy minimizes maximum latenesses in a vector sense (as defined tin the paper) and minimizes the number of tasks that miss their deadline at the time the first missed deadline occurs. For non-preemptive non-idling polices, we establish new, similar results in a stochastic sense. We attempt extending our findings to multiprocessor systems. We demonstrate that under the assumptions of arbitrary distributions of arrival times, service times and deadlines, our results no longer hold true. When a further assumption of unit-length service times and integer-valued arrival times is introduced, we are able to re-establish the results in the multiprocessor case.
What Will They Look Like

This is the problem, met eyeball to eyeball (if, indeed, they have eyeballs at all!). We can easily see what they won’t look like: they won’t look like people, or indeed vertebrates – or insects, or echinoderms, or coelenterates… But I called my early lectures – and my book – “What Does a Martian Look Like?” and that meant that we could cheat: a beginning could be made with Martians… Possibly, on the one hand, they’re bacteria like ours, infected from Earth – or it may be that bacteria from early Mars infected Earth, so that we are the Martians! But that’s a trick, only applicable to Martians. How can we tell what real aliens look like?
Subjective rating of the jet noise crackle percept

Results of the first formal perceptual study of jet crackle are presented. Prior studies examined noise waveform properties believed to be linked to the jet crackle percept from a physics perspective or using signal processing and informal subjective evaluation. This investigation involves 31 listeners that rated 15 jet noise waveforms with a category subdivision scaling test. Results reveal a strong log-linear correlation between the pressure waveform time derivative's skewness and crackle rating. A regression analysis establishes practical derivative skewness bounds for a five-point categorical crackle scale and results in the suggested definition of the crepit as the unit of crackliness.
Advancing research and policy for sustainability: a framework for urban observatories

Contemporary environmental problems, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, and resource depletion (quantity and quality of water, energy, etc.) present formidable challenges for 21st century resilience. Transition to resilience is a particularly salient idea for cities, which are often conceptualized as complex socio-environmental adaptive systems. Making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable will require a conceptualization of urban resilience that connects knowledge production to implementation action. Resilience, both general and specified, depends on the ability for cities to create and diffuse innovative sustainable solutions to complex social and environmental challenges. Research and development of urban resilience theory and knowledge is burgeoning, yet the uptake to policy has been slow. To bridge data gaps and improve information availability, urban indicators have played a key role connecting knowledge to policy at least since the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. Combining data on indicators, including lessons learned from urban indicator projects, with new urban data streams (both designed and organic) new pathways are created for data-driven approaches to resilience planning, policy, and theory. Beyond data issues, an integrative and holistic approach is necessary to develop effective sustainability science that synthesizes different sources of knowledge, relevant disciplines, multi-sectoral alliances, connections to policy-makers and to the public. This paper emerges from an effort to develop an interoperable, networked infrastructure of urban observatories to generate a baseline of standardized long-term, large-scale datasets about human and natural dimensions of metropolitan systems in the state of Texas. Informed by and informing resilience theory, we conceptualize an “observatory” of urban data that allows for strategic research and decision-making oriented towards the mitigation of the consequences of urbanization and climate change. The Texas Urban Observatory project is part of Planet Texas 2050, a University of Texas-Austin grand challenges initiative.
Comparison of Two Techniques to Measure Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients at Risk for Increased Intracranial Pressure.

Objectives Intracranial pressure over 20 mm Hg is associated with poor neurologic prognosis, but measuring intracranial pressure directly requires an invasive procedure. Dilation of the optic nerve sheath on axial ultrasound of the eye has been correlated with elevated intracranial pressure, but optimal cutoffs have been inconsistent possibly related to the measurement technique. A coronal technique has been studied on healthy volunteers but not on patients with high intracranial pressure. We compared two measurement techniques (axial and coronal) in patients with suspected high intracranial pressure due to trauma, bleeding, tumor, or infection. Design Prospective blinded observational study. Setting Two tertiary referral center ICUs. Patients Twenty adults admitted to the ICU at risk for increased intracranial pressure expected to receive invasive intracranial monitoring. Interventions Ultrasound measurements of the optic nerve sheath in axial and coronal views either averaged between eyes or the highest in either eye. Measurements and main results Coronal measurements showed less variability between each eye than axial measurements (mean difference 0.5 mm vs 1 mm; p = 0.03) and were associated with high intracranial pressure at first measurement and over 24 hours (area under the receiver operating characteristic range 0.7-0.8). Mean and highest axial measurements showed improved association with first (area under the receiver operating characteristic 0.87-0.94) and highest intracranial pressure measurement (area under the receiver operating characteristic 0.89-0.96) within 24 hours. A cutoff of highest axial measurement in either eye greater than 6.2 mm or mean axial measurement between eyes of 5.6 mm had a sensitivity of 100% in predicting high intracranial pressure over the following 24 hours. Conclusions The highest axial measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter in either eye is the most predictive of patients with high intracranial pressure in our population. This comparison of measurement techniques has not previously been described and should be further explored to set test cutoffs for ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath diameter.
Impact of the 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 Guideline Focused Update.

Objectives The 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) guideline focused update revises the HER2 scoring criteria. We evaluated the impact on HER2 rates in breast carcinoma diagnosed at our center. Methods In a retrospective series of breast core biopsies with invasive carcinoma diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 (n = 1,350), HER2 status was classified according to 2013 and 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines and changes in HER2 status identified. Results The 2018 guidelines reclassified the HER2 status of 6% of patients. Most changed from HER2 equivocal status (equivocal by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization under the 2013 guidelines) to HER2-negative status (2018 guidelines). The HER2-positive rate decreased by 0.4%. Conclusions The 2018 guidelines decrease the rate of HER2 equivocal and positive breast cancer and reduce repeat HER2 testing on excision specimens. Approximately 0.4% of patients will become newly ineligible for anti-HER2 therapy.
Seeing the Whole Picture? Avoided Negative Affect and Processing of Others’ Suffering:

Noticing someone's pain is the first step to a compassionate response. While past research suggests that the degree to which people want to avoid feeling negative ("avoided negative affect"; ANA) shapes how people respond to someone's suffering, the present research investigates whether ANA also predicts how people process others' suffering. In two studies, using complex photographs containing negative aspects (i.e., suffering), we found that the higher people's ANA, the fewer details of negative aspects they correctly recognized, and the fewer negative words they used in their image descriptions. However, when asked to process negative content, the higher people's ANA, the more negatively they rated that content. In Study 3, we report cultural differences in people's sensitivity to notice suffering in an ambiguous image. ANA mediated these cultural differences. Implications for research on compassion are discussed.
Cyrano at 400

The quadri-centennial of the birth of Cyrano de Bergerac was an occasion widely commemorated in France throughout 2019, yet it was largely ignored in the anglophone world. This article discusses both the seventeenth-century historical Cyrano, the author and soldier, and the eponymous nineteenth-century romantic drama that established his fame as the poet-orator with “a nose like a peninsula.” Written in rhymed couplets by Edmond Rostand in 1897, the play resurrected the near-forgotten historical Cyrano and immortalized him, taking poetic liberties that transformed “Cyrano” into both a name recognized on every continent and the best-known French literary hero ever created.
The relationship of self-ratings to assessor ratings of assessment center performance

ix INTRODUCTION 1 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 4 The Assessment Center Process 4 The History of Assessment Centers 6 Assessment Center Validity 9 Content Validity 9 Criterion-Related Validity 10 Prediction of company progress 11 Prediction of job performance 14 Comparison of predictive validity of assessment centers to traditional measures 17 Construct Validity 23 Construct validity of within-exercise dimension ratings 23 Factors affecting construct validity 27 Construct validity of overall dimension ratings 31 Summary 32 Self-Assessments of Abilities 33 Criterion-Related Validity of Self-Assessments 34 Factors Affecting the Validity of Self-Assessments 37 Relation of Self-Assessments to Assessments from Other Sources 40
Increased frequency of heart transplantation, shortened waitlist time and preserved post‐transplant survival in adults with congenital heart disease, on the new heart transplant allocation system

Historically, adult congenital patients have longer waitlist time and worse outcomes on the heart transplant waitlist as well as poorer early post-transplant survival. A new heart transplantation allocation system was implemented in the United States on October 18, 2018. The effect of the new allocation system on adult congenital patients is unknown. Adult congenital patients listed for transplantation between November 1, 2015 and September 30, 2019 registered in the United Network for Organ Sharing were included in the study. October 18, 2018 was used as the limit to distribute listed and transplanted patients into old and new groups. A total of 399 patients were listed for heart transplant only, 284 in the old system and 115 in the new system. Clinical characteristics were similar between both groups. The cumulative incidence of poor outcome on the transplant list was similar in both groups (P = .23), but the cumulative incidence of transplant was higher in the new system group (P < .009) and was associated with a shorter waitlist time. The one-year post-transplant outcome was similar between old and new groups (P = .37). The new allocation system has benefited adult congenital patients with increased cumulative frequency of transplantation without worsening short-term survival after transplantation.
Somatic data usage for classification of germ line variants

Abstract Determining the significance of a gene as cancer predisposing and specific variants in those genes as harmful or harmless is challenging. Integrating somatic data and germ line data to classify germ line variants in cancer predisposition genes requires careful consideration of sequencing limitations, tumor heterogeneity, available biomarker data, and potential confounding events. Ultimately, a critical amount of quality-controlled data provides evidence for the classification of genetic variants as pathogenic or benign. As medical decision-making is a potential consequence of variant interpretation a robust classification process is essential.
COVID-19 Proned Ventilation and Its Possible Association With Foot Drop: A Case Series

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is known to lead to the complicated sequelae of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Proning has been used as an adjunctive treatment to improve oxygenation in both ventilated and non-ventilated patients. Although patients respond well to this strategy, complications from this arise as well. It is hypothesized that COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) proned ventilation is associated with new cases of foot drops or compressive unilateral ankle dorsiflexion weakness during the early 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Five patients presented to an acute rehabilitation facility with unilateral ankle dorsiflexion weakness after ICU proned ventilation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three patients were found to have primarily subacute left sensory-motor dysmyelinating common peroneal neuropathies located around the fibular head. Two patients were found to have primarily subacute sensory-motor dysmyelinating right-sided common peroneal neuropathies above the fibular head and distal to biceps femoris muscle. Compressive unilateral common peroneal neuropathies during the pandemic are possibly related to the impromptu, unconventional, and unfamiliar use of proned ventilation.
Deep Iterative Learning Control for Quadrotor's Trajectory Tracking

Iterative learning control (ILC) is an effective control technique to enhance system performance. ILC requires the system to execute identical operations repetitively such that the system performance can be improved by learning from previous iterations. To remove the requirement of repetitive operation, this paper leverages recent advances in deep learning and proposes a new ILC scheme, named Deep ILC, with detailed formulation, analysis, and validation. The proposed Deep ILC consists of two main components, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network based prediction and the optimization based learning filter design. In particular, we formulate the learning filter design problem into an optimization problem by purposely constructing an augmented dynamic feedback system, of which the to-be-designed learning filter is in the feedback loop. The proposed Deep ILC is applied to the trajectory tracking of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and its effectiveness is validated through experimental studies.
Contagion in mass killings and school shootings

BACKGROUND: Several past studies have found that media reports of suicides and homicides appear to subsequently increase the incidence of similar events in the community, apparently due to the coverage planting the seeds of ideation in at-risk individuals to commit similar acts. METHODS: Here we explore whether or not contagion is evident in more high-profile incidents, such as school shootings and mass killings (incidents with four or more people killed). We fit a contagion model to recent data sets related to such incidents in the US, with terms that take into account the fact that a school shooting or mass murder may temporarily increase the probability of a similar event in the immediate future, by assuming an exponential decay in contagiousness after an event. CONCLUSIONS: We find significant evidence that mass killings involving firearms are incented by similar events in the immediate past. On average, this temporary increase in probability lasts 13 days, and each incident incites at least 0.30 new incidents (p = 0.0015). We also find significant evidence of contagion in school shootings, for which an incident is contagious for an average of 13 days, and incites an average of at least 0.22 new incidents (p = 0.0001). All p-values are assessed based on a likelihood ratio test comparing the likelihood of a contagion model to that of a null model with no contagion. On average, mass killings involving firearms occur approximately every two weeks in the US, while school shootings occur on average monthly. We find that state prevalence of firearm ownership is significantly associated with the state incidence of mass killings with firearms, school shootings, and mass shootings. Language: en
Opioids and Benzodiazepines

Opioids and benzodiazepines are two classes of medications often administered in conjunction with one another due to their additive and synergistic effects despite differing mechanisms of action. Although ubiquitous in the practice of medicine, perhaps no other medical specialty administers these powerful medications with such frequency and scope as that of anesthesiology. An in-depth understanding of opioids and benzodiazepines is of paramount importance to the safe and effective practice of anesthesia.
Molecular Structure of [(O)2Re(bpy)(py)2](ClO4): An Unusual Example of a d2 Metal Complex with a cis-Dioxo Ligand Configuration

Abstract : An x-ray crystal structure investigation has revealed that the stable octahedral complex ((O)2Re(2,2'bipyridine)(pyridine)2) . (CLO4) exists in a cis-dioxo ligand configuration. The new complex represents only the second confirmed example of the cis-dioxo structure in hexacoordinate d2 transition-metal chemistry. The cis assignment provides an explanation for the marked electrochemical and spectral differences between the bipyridyl complex and the previously known trans-dioxo rhenium tetrapyridine complex.
Desorption Kinetics of Polyether Lubricants from Surfaces

Desorption or evaporation is one of the mechanisms for loss of perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPE) lubricants from the surfaces of data storage media. One approach to minimizing PFPE loss to desorption is the use of lubricants with increasing molecular weight or increasing average chain length. In order to understand the effects of chain length on the lubricant evaporation kinetics we have studied the desorption kinetics of monolayer films of oligomeric ethers with varying chain length adsorbed on the surface of graphite. The desorption pre-exponents, v, and desorption barriers, ΔEdes‡, have been measured for poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ethers, CH3O(CH2CH2O)mCH3, with m=1,2,3,4,8 and 10. These are models for the PFPE known as Fomblin Z, which has a structure CF3O(CF2CF2O)x(CF2O)yCF3. The results show that the desorption pre-exponents are independent of chain length and have an average value of v=1018.7±0.3 s−1. The ΔEdes‡ for the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ethers vary non-linearly with chain length and can be fit with a power law expression of the form ΔEdes‡=a+b⋅Nγ, where N is the total number of atoms in the oligomer backbone (N=3m+3) and the scaling exponent has a value of γ≈1/2. This non-linear dependence of ΔEdes‡ on chain length has also been observed in recent studies of the desorption kinetics of straight chain alkanes from graphite. A desorption mechanism is described that explains the non-linearity of ΔEdes‡ for the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ethers. The implication for the lifetime of lubricants on data storage media is that the long chain PFPE lubricants desorb more rapidly than one might expect based on simple linear scaling of the ΔEdes‡ of lower molecular weight PFPEs.
Coordination Chemistry of Metal Phenolates—General Aspects

An overview of metal phenolate chemistry is given that highlights the structural and functional diversity of contemporary chemistry between metals from all parts of the periodic table and aryloxide ligands. After a brief overview of synthetic methods, the review is organized using structural characterization, but is not exclusive of non-structurally characterized species. Monodentate and polydentate ligands are described and organized by the type and number of donor atoms. Within each section, the chemistry is further subdivided by the periodic table s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks. Extensive references to the literature are provided for the interested reader. Keywords: metal; transition metal; phenolate; aryloxide; complex; polymerization; ring-opening; biomimetic; SMM; SOC
Characteristics of murine megakaryocytic colonies in vitro

Characteristics of murine megakaryocytic colonies and their progenitor cells (CFU-m) were studied in vitro in agar gel. Colony growth required the presence of poke-weed-mitogen-stimulated spleen-conditioned medium. The number of colonies formed was linearly related to both the number of marrow cells plated and the amount of conditioned medium added. In addition, CFU-m were found in both the spleen and peripheral blood. Conditioned medium was also made without plasma, and this resulted in a cloning efficiency greater than that of conditioned medium prepared with plasma. The percentage of CFU-m in DNA synthesis was low (10%), as determined both in vivo and in vitro. Velocity sedimentation revealed that the majority of CFU-m sedimented at 4.3 mm/hr and had a tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) suicide rate of 1.5 +/- 1.5%. A shoulder on the profile of CFU-m sedimented at approximately 6 mm/hr, with a suicide rate of 79 +/- 2%. Analysis of these data indicated that the majority of CFU-m were not in cycle or were in a long G1 period. The results suggest that CFU-m is a primitive progenitor, possibly closely related to murine splenic colony-forming units (CFU-s), analogous to erythroid bursts and granulocytic colony-forming units.
Creating Cultural Change in a 115-Year-Old R&D Organization

OVERVIEW:This case study highlights the practical steps a 115-year-old company's R&D organization executed to change its culture—a change that was critical in order for the R&D group to improve both speed of decision making and alignment with its business units with regard to project selection and prioritization. The scope of the cultural changes extended beyond traditional product design and development. The case study describes the communication methods the R&D organization used to change others' perceptions of it from a corporate overhead that delivered little value to a resource necessary for the profitable growth of the enterprise.
Twin spin/charge roton mode and superfluid density: Primary determining factors of Tc in high-Tc superconductors observed by neutron, ARPES, and μSR

In the quest for primary factors which determine the transition temperature T c of high-T c cuprate superconductors (HTSC), we develop a phenomenological picture combining experimental results from muon spin relaxation (μSR), neutron and Raman scattering, and angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements, guided by an analogy with superfluid 4 He. The 41 meV neutron resonance mode and the ARPES superconducting coherence peak (SCP) can be viewed as direct observations of spin and charge soft modes, respectively, appearing near (π, π) and the center of the Brillouin zone, having identical energy transfers and dispersion relations. We present a conjecture that the mode energy of this twin spin/charge collective excitation, as a roton analogue in HTSC, plays a primary role in determining T c , together with the superfluid density n s /m* at T → 0. We further propose a microscopic model for pairing based on a resonant spin-charge motion, which explains the extremely strong spin-charge coupling, relevant energy scales, disappearence of pairing in the overdoped region, and the contrasting spin-sensitivities of nodal and antinodal charges in HTSC systems. Comparing collective vs. single-particle excitations, pair formation vs. condensation, and local vs. long-range phase coherence, we argue that many fundamental features of HTSC systems, including the region of the Nernst effect, can be understood in terms of condensation and fluctuation phenomena of bosonic correlations formed above T c .
Historical Patents as Inspiration for Digital Textile and Apparel Design

This research used historically informed analysis as a framework to examine studio design practice. Discovery of a historical patent for a coat made from a single pattern piece led to an examinatio...