cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical Strategy for Atrioventricular Septal Defect and Tetralogy of Fallot or Double-Outlet Right Ventricle

Background Tetralogy of Fallot, or double-outlet right ventricle with atrioventricular (AV) septal defect (TOF/DORV-AVSD), is rare, with limited long-term data available. We report our institutional experience and outcome over a 50-year period. Methods From January 1961 to January 2011, 73 patients (50 males [68%]), with a mean age of 6.8 ± 4.4 years (range, 1 month to 35 years), underwent surgical repair of TOF/DORV-AVSD. Symptoms included cyanosis in 50 (69%) and heart failure in 12 (17%). Down syndrome was present in 25 (34%). Rastelli type A, B, and C was seen in 12%, 7%, and 81% of patients, respectively. Moderate or more common AV valve (AVV) regurgitation was present in 40%. Forty-nine patients (67%) had previous palliation, including 36 with a systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt. Results Surgical management included two-ventricle complete repair (CR) in 35 (48%) and single-ventricle (SV) palliation in 38 (52%). Overall, early mortality was 31% for CR and 34% for SV; after 1990, mortality was 6% for CR and 14% for SV. Repair before 1990 ( p = 0.008) and the presence of significant common AVV regurgitation ( p = 0.016) were univariate risk factors for early death in both groups. Median follow-up was 9.8 years (maximum, 32 years). Late mortality rate was 12% in CR (n = 6) and 18% (n = 9) in SV ( p = 0.95). The presence of significant right AVV regurgitation was associated with late death ( p = 0.02). Overall survival at 1, 5, and 15 years was 92%, 77%, and 77% in CR, and 83%, 79%, 70% in SV ( p = 0.9). Freedom from reoperation at 1, 5, and 15 years was 95%, 85%, 67% in CR and 96%, 91%, 82% in SV ( p = 0.1). Reoperations were most common for right ventricular outflow tract pathology, Fontan revision, and AVV intervention. Right AVV regurgitation ( p = 0.018) and repair before 1990 ( p = 0.041) were risk factors for late reoperation in both groups. Conclusions Complete repair of TOF/DORV-AVSD is standard of care and associated with low early mortality rate in the current era, with reasonable long-term outcome. SV palliation continues to have significant risk. The presence of AVV regurgitation is a significant risk factor for death and reoperation.
Pyrite oxidation in moist air

Abstract The rate of pyrite oxidation in moist air was determined by measuring, over time, the pressure difference between a sealed chamber containing pyrite plus oxygen and a control. The experiments carried out at 25°C, 96.7% fixed relative humidity, and oxygen partial pressures of 0.21, 0.61, and 1.00 atm showed that the rate of oxygen consumption is a function of oxygen partial pressure and time. The rates of oxygen consumption (r, mol/m2sec) fit the expression (A) dn dt =10 −6.6 P 0.5 t −0.5 where P is the partial pressure of oxygen (atm) and t is time (sec). It appears that the rate slows with time because a thin layer of ferrous sulfate + sulfuric acid solution grows on the pyrite and retards oxygen transport to the pyrite surface. At very short reaction times, the rate of pyrite oxidation in air is slightly faster than the aqueous oxidation rate at the same oxygen partial pressure and temperature. At greater extents of reaction, the rate slows significantly and approaches the rates reported by humidity cell studies. This slower rate of oxidation in air appears to be more appropriate than the aqueous oxidation rate for modeling pyrite oxidation in unsaturated waste piles. At relative humidity less than 95%, a solid ferrous sulfate phase (melanterite or szolmonokite) becomes saturated and will precipitate from the ferrous sulfate + sulfuric acid solution in cracks and on the pyrite surface. These solids have the potential to wedge apart the sample leading to physical disaggregation of the pyrite as is often seen in museum samples.
Prediction of recurrence after treatment for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: the role of human papillomavirus testing and age at conisation.

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA (HR-HPV DNA test) postconisation as prediction of recurrent or residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN2+) in a prospective study and to compare this with follow-up cytology and the marginal status of the excised tissue. Design Prospective follow-up study. Setting Unselected women presenting at colposcopy clinic of University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven. Population Seventy-two women treated with conisation for CIN2 or CIN3. Methods Women were followed by HR-HPV DNA test (Hybrid Capture II test of Digene®) every 3 to 6 months. The same vial was used for cytology and the HR-HPV DNA test (SurePath™). All women were further followed by colposcopy and cytology for 24 months at 6-month intervals. The outcome of the study was presence of >CIN2, proven with colposcopy-directed biopsy occurring within 24 months after treatment. HR-HPV status was correlated with recurrent or residual CIN2+. Main outcome measures Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic odds ratios to predict treatment failure or cure were computed for HR-HPV testing, marginal status and follow-up cytology. HR-HPV status was also correlated with section margins postconisation and with the first cervical smear. Results In 6 of the 72 treated women (8%), residual or recurrent CIN occurred. Women with recurrence were significantly older than women without a recurrence (51.5 ± 9.6 versus 39.8 ± 12.2 years, P= 0.007). All six women with recurrence were HR-HPV positive, four had a positive follow-up smear (≥atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance = ASCUS+) and only two had involved section margins. Among the 66 cured women, 15 were HR-HPV positive, 6 had an abnormal smear and 12 had positive section margins. Sensitivity of cytology, positive section margins and HR-HPV DNA positivity was 66.7, 33.3 and 100% to predict treatment failure. Specificity of the three tests was, respectively, 90.9, 81.8 and 77.3%. Women with HR-HPV DNA at 3 to 6 months showed recurrent or residual CIN in 15% (2/13) if they had normal follow-up Pap smears and in 50% (4/8) if they had abnormal Pap smears. Margin status was not statistically significantly associated with human papillomavirus status. Conclusion Persistence or clearance of HR-HPV DNA is an early valid prognostic marker of failure or cure after treatment for CIN2+ and is more accurate than cytology or section margin status at the time of conisation. The absence of HR-HPV DNA has a 100% negative predictive value. Higher age at conisation may be a previously unrecognised risk factor for recurrence.
Neuroendocrine and Immune Influences on the CNS: It's a Matter of Sex

Most neuropsychiatric diseases have a sex bias in their presentation, age of onset, or treatment response. Yet surprisingly, we have considered very little the contribution of the sexually dimorphic brain when thinking about disease etiology and the important influences of the neuroendocrine and immune systems in programming the CNS.
Nondestructive Method for Estimating Chlorophyll Content of Leaves

A quantitative relationship is shown to exist between the chlorophyll content of soybean and Valencia orange leaves and their percentage reflectance of light of wavelength 625 mmicro as measured by a colorimeter with reflectance attachment.
Using Multimedia Cases to Invigorate School Leaders’ Organizational Learning

ABSTRACT Creating meaningful learning opportunities for school leaders (principals, teachers, peer professionals, and community members) is a central goal of educational staff developers. Involving principals and school community leaders in the systematic study of their own context‐specific leadership challenges using digital multimedia and a perspectivist learning approach may offer potential as one technology‐integrated means for facilitating positive school community vision building and decision making. This article describes results of one prototype collaborative effort to design and use multimedia cases to invigorate school leaders’ organizational thinking and learning
Subject-based semantic document clustering for digital forensic investigations

Abstract Computers are increasingly used as tools to commit crimes such as unauthorized access (hacking), drug trafficking, and child pornography. The proliferation of crimes involving computers has created a demand for special forensic tools that allow investigators to look for evidence on a suspect's computer by analyzing communications and data on the computer's storage devices. Motivated by the forensic process at Surete du Quebec (SQ), the Quebec provincial police, we propose a new subject-based semantic document clustering model that allows an investigator to cluster documents stored on a suspect's computer by grouping them into a set of overlapping clusters, each corresponding to a subject of interest initially defined by the investigator.
Retrograde Versus Antegrade Intramedullary Nailing of Gunshot Diaphyseal Femur Fractures

Background The use of retrograde nailing for gunshot wound femur fractures is controversial due to concerns of knee sepsis after this procedure since the knee is entered to introduce the nail into the canal.
Anomalous diffusion of carbon in a 70/30 iron-nickel alloy☆

The experimentally observed low temperature diffusion anomaly of carbon in Fe-29.9 wt% Ni is thought to represent the effect of local heterophase fluctuations on the antisymmetrical part of the activation energy of interstitial diffusion. 20 refs.
The effect of college course evaluation feedback on instructor and student perceptions of instructional climate and effectiveness

An experimental study was undertaken to examine (1) effect of early course evaluation feedback to instructor on subsequent end-of-course class evaluations by students (n=1484) and instructor (n=78), and (2) stability of course evaluations by students and instructor. These voluntary class-instructor units were randomly assigned to experimental (feedback) and control (no feedback) groups. After attrition the feedback group contained 37 units and the control group 41 units. The 26 item Faculty-Course Evaluation Form (FCEF) was administered approximately three weeks into the quarter and again eight weeks later. The FCEF reflected the frequency of occurrence of certain instructor behaviors and over-all opinions of course value and teaching ability.
Mechanisms of Platelet-Neutrophil Interactions and Effects on Cell Filtration in Septic Shock

ABSTRACT-We examined the mechanisms and the adhesive molecules mediating platelet-neutrophil adhesion in patients with septic shock. Neutrophils, platelets, and platelet poor plasma (NPPP) were isolated from 12 normal volunteers. Platelets and neutrophils were stimulated with platelet poor plasma (SPPP) removed from 12 patients in septic shock. Cell adhesion was assessed by filtration through 5-microm pore filters and by flow cytometry. Blocking monoclonal antibodies were used against the platelet and neutrophil surface receptors glycoprotein complex IIb/IIla, P-selectin, ICAM-2, CD11a, CD11b, and CD18. The filtration pressure (Pi) of cells suspended in SPPP was significantly greater than that of cells suspended in NPPP (24 +/- 1.0 mmHg vs. 14 +/- 1.0 mmHg; P< 0.05). The difference between the Pi of cells suspended in SPPP or NPPP (deltaPi SPPP-NPPP) in the presence of monoclonal antibodies anti-CD41, anti-CD62P, abciximab, anti-CD11a, anti-CD11b, and anti-CD18 was significantly less than the APi SPPP-NPPP of cell suspensions without the addition of these monoclonal antibodies (P < 0.01). The greatest reduction in Pi occurred when platelet receptor P-selectin was blocked simultaneously with the CD11b receptor on the neutrophil as compared to all other single blocking monoclonal antibodies or combinations of monoclonal antibodies. The mean fluorescence of activated platelet CD63-PE binding to neutrophils suspended in SPPP was significantly greater than that of cells suspended in NPPP (780 +/- 130 Ifu vs. 295 +/- 35 Ifu; P < 0.05). The greatest attenuation in mean fluorescence occurred by blocking the P-selectin receptor on the platelet simultaneously with CD11b receptor on the neutrophil. We conclude that platelet-neutrophil aggregation is increased in septic shock. This aggregation is mediated by the interaction of multiple platelet and neutrophil surface receptors. The platelet receptor P-selectin and the neutrophil receptor CD11b/CD18 appear to play the most important role in these interactions.
Decision Making and Outcomes of a Hospice Patient Hospitalized With a Hip Fracture

Context Hospice patients are at risk for falls and hip fracture with little clinical information to guide clinical decision making.
Troponin T Expression in Normal and Pressure-Loaded Fetal Sheep Heart

The effects of cardiac hypertrophy in adult animals on the expression of a number of genes are well established. There is, however, a paucity of information about the effect of pressure overload on the expression of genes coding for the contractile proteins in the prenatal developing heart. The prenatal cardiac muscle can increase cell number in response to stress, whereas the adult heart increases cell mass. Thus, the response of the fetal heart to pressure overload cannot be assumed to be identical to that of adult myocardium. We studied the effect of banding the great vessels of fetal sheep hearts on the expression of troponin T (TNT). In other vertebrates, TNT mRNA is generated by alternative splicing of a primary transcript. Thus, both the levels and patterns of TNT isoforms generated by alternative splicing in the heart could be influenced by pressure overload. The techniques of cDNA library screening and polymerase chain reaction were used to define the influence of in utero banding of the great vessels on TNT expression. The data indicate that there is a single dominant isoform of TNT expressed from mid-gestation to adult life in sheep. The pattern of TNT isoform expression in the sheep heart proved to be unique among all animals studied to date.
Nonoperative treatment of superficial femoral artery disease: Long-term follow-up

Abstract Purpose: Between 1977 and 1991, 405 patients with atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the superficial femoral artery underwent clinical as well as noninvasive laboratory evaluation and were recommended for nonoperative treatment. Methods: Limbs with uncorrected aortoiliac occlusive disease, aneurysmal degeneration, or previous femoropopliteal bypass were excluded, leaving 568 involved extremities. Complete follow-up, which forms the basis for this report, was available in 377 patients (93%) with 520 limbs (93%). Patients were monitored for a minimum period of 2 years (range, 24 to 164 months; median, 86 months). During the surveillance period 45 limbs (8.6%) in 42 patients (11.1%) required arterial intervention. This entailed operation in 39 cases and endovascular treatment in six cases. With use of life-table analysis, the risk for intervention was found to be 11% at 5 years and 14% at 10 years. A total of 14 limbs (2.7%) in 14 patients (3.7%) ultimately required major limb amputation, either after failed bypass (8 patients) or as a primary procedure (6 patients). Results: Analysis of risk factors revealed that female sex ( p = 0.04), chronic renal failure ( p = 0.0001), diabetes mellitus ( p = 0.0011), history of contralateral femoropopliteal bypass ( p = 0.0005), level of disease ( p = 0.003), and entry ankle/brachial index less than 0.50 ( p = 0.004) were associated with an increased risk over time for intervention. Other factors, including age, current or prior smoking history, hypertension, and the presence of coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These data support the continued conservative approach to surgery for patients with superficial femoral artery occlusive disease without limb-threatening symptoms. Patients with multilevel disease, lower ankle/brachial index, a history of contralateral femoropopliteal bypass, chronic kidney failure, or diabetes mellitus are at increased risk and should be monitored more closely. (J VASC SURG 1993;17:172-82.)
Novel Targets in the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma: New First-Line Treatment Options

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical efficacy and safety of ipilimumab, vemurafenib, and investigational agents for the treatment of unresectable stage III and stage IV melanoma and define current strategies of first-line treatment selection.DATA SOURCESLiterature was accessed through MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–November 2012) using the terms melanoma, metastatic melanoma, ipilimumab, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and trametinib. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONAll articles published in English identified from the data sources were evaluated. Studies and abstracts including more than 10 adult patients were included in the review.DATA SYNTHESISTreatment options for unresectable stage III and IV melanoma are poor and have remained largely unchanged for the past 40 years. Two randomized Phase 3 clinical trials have demonstrated a significant survival benefit with the use of ipilimumab compared to a melanoma vac...
Age-related loss of phospholipid asymmetry in APP(NLh)/APP(NLh) x PS-1(P264L)/PS-1(P264L) human double mutant knock-in mice: relevance to Alzheimer disease.

Abstract Using APPNLh/APPNLh x PS-1P246L/PS-1P246L human double knock-in (APP/PS-1) mice, we examined whether phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) asymmetry is significantly altered in brain of this familial Alzheimer disease mouse model in an age-dependent manner as a result of oxidative stress, toxic Aβ(1-42) oligomer production, and/or apoptosis. Annexin V (AV) and NBD-PS fluorescence in synaptosomes of wild-type (WT) and APP/PS-1 mice were used to determine PtdSer exposure with age, while Mg2+ ATPase activity was determined to correlate PtdSer asymmetry changes with PtdSer translocase, flippase, activity. AV and NBD-PS results demonstrated significant PtdSer exposure beginning at 9 months compared to 1-month-old WT controls for both assays, a trend that was exacerbated in synaptosomes of APP/PS-1 mice. Decreasing Mg2+ ATPase activity confirms that the age-related loss of PtdSer asymmetry is likely due to loss of flippase activity, more prominent in APP/PS-1 brain. Two-site sandwich ELISA on SDS- and FA-soluble APP/PS-1 brain fractions were conducted to correlate Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) levels with age-related trends determined from the AV, NBD-PS, and Mg2+ ATPase assays. ELISA revealed a significant increase in both SDS- and FA-soluble Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) with age, consistent with PtdSer and flippase assay trends. Lastly, because PtdSer exposure is affected by pro-apoptotic caspase-3, levels of both latent and active forms were measured. Western blotting results demonstrated an increase in both active fragments of caspase-3 with age, while levels of pro-caspase-3 decrease. These results are discussed with relevance to loss of lipid asymmetry and consequent neurotoxicity in brain of subjects with Alzheimer disease.
Genome-wide association study identifies a maternal copy-number deletion in PSG11 enriched among preeclampsia patients

Specific genetic contributions for preeclampsia (PE) are currently unknown. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) aims to identify maternal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy-number variants (CNVs) involved in the etiology of PE. A genome-wide scan was performed on 177 PE cases (diagnosed according to National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute guidelines) and 116 normotensive controls. White female study subjects from Iowa were genotyped on Affymetrix SNP 6.0 microarrays. CNV calls made using a combination of four detection algorithms (Birdseye, Canary, PennCNV, and QuantiSNP) were merged using CNVision and screened with stringent prioritization criteria. Due to limited DNA quantities and the deleterious nature of copy-number deletions, it was decided a priori that only deletions would be selected for assay on the entire case-control dataset using quantitative real-time PCR. The top four SNP candidates had an allelic or genotypic p-value between 10-5 and 10-6, however, none surpassed the Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold. Three recurrent rare deletions meeting prioritization criteria detected in multiple cases were selected for targeted genotyping. A locus of particular interest was found showing an enrichment of case deletions in 19q13.31 (5/169 cases and 1/114 controls), which encompasses the PSG11 gene contiguous to a highly plastic genomic region. All algorithm calls for these regions were assay confirmed. CNVs may confer risk for PE and represent interesting regions that warrant further investigation. Top SNP candidates identified from the GWAS, although not genome-wide significant, may be useful to inform future studies in PE genetics.
Responsibilities to Plan for Ancillary Care Pose Ethical Challenges for Nutrition Research in the Community Setting

Investigators who conduct nutrition research in the community setting, particularly among underserved populations, face the ethical question of whether and how to respond to participants’ unmet health needs. The research ethics literature conceptualizes this question as one of ancillary care (AC): what is the nature and extent of researchers’ ethical responsibilities, if any, to provide or facilitate health care that research participants need but that is not necessary to ensure the safety or scientific validity of the research? In this paper, we highlight 3 ethical challenges involved in the planning of AC responses for nutrition research conducted in the community setting: influence of provision of AC on primary study outcomes as an issue of trial design; whether to extend the provision of AC beyond research participants to nonparticipants with the same health needs; and how best to train field workers who may be the most likely members of the study team to encounter the health needs anticipated among participants. Although the global ethical discussion of AC is gaining in depth, breadth, and practical influence, it remains relatively uninformed by perspectives specific to nutrition research. Our objective is to encourage nutrition researchers to engage proactively in the emerging ethical discussion of AC, so that their relevant experiences and concerns can be taken into account in the eventual formation of ethical guidelines and policies.
Probabilistic Modeling of Short Crack Growth in Airframe Aluminum Alloys

This paper presents a probabilistic short crack growth model to estimate the fatigue life distribution for bare 2024-T351 coupons. Fractographic analysis has clearly shown that the majority of cracks nucleate from the constituent particles present in bare 2024-T351 coupons. The existing fracture mechanics models have difficulty in ‘growing’ a smallparticle-induced crack (i.e. infinite life), and cannot correlate the size of a crack-nucleating particle to the length of the fatigue life in cases where a small (large) particle results in a short (long) life. In this probabilistic model, particle width and height distributions were first used to account for the randomness of the particle size. Then another random variable, the stress intensity factor limit, ∆KIDS, for particle-induced cracks, was introduced to account for the combined effect of microstructure features (e.g. grain size, grain orientation, and grain boundary) on short crack growth. A Microsoft Excel VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) program was developed and linked with the AFGROW COM (Component Object Model) server to estimate the life distribution using the Monte Carlo technique. The results showed that by including the ∆KIDS for particle-induced cracks, the model was able to 1) correlate a crack-nucleating particle to the individual fatigue life, including “smaller (larger) particle, shorter (longer) life” cases; and 2) better estimate the fatigue life distribution.
Selective cell targeting with light-absorbing microparticles and nanoparticles

We describe a new method for selective cell targeting based on the use of light-absorbing microparticles and nanoparticles that are heated by short laser pulses to create highly localized cell damage. The method is closely related to chromophore-assisted laser inactivation and photodynamic therapy, but is driven solely by light absorption, without the need for photochemical intermediates (particularly singlet oxygen). The mechanism of light-particle interaction was investigated by nanosecond time-resolved microscopy and by thermal modeling. The extent of light-induced damage was investigated by cell lethality, by cell membrane permeability, and by protein inactivation. Strong particle size dependence was found for these interactions. A technique based on light to target endogenous particles is already being exploited to treat pigmented cells in dermatology and ophthalmology. With exogenous particles, phamacokinetics and biodistribution studies are needed before the method can be evaluated against photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment. However, particles are unique, unlike photosensitizers, in that they can remain stable and inert in cells for extended periods. Thus they may be particularly useful for prelabeling cells in engineered tissue before implantation. Subsequent irradiation with laser pulses will allow control of the implanted cells (inactivation or modulation) in a noninvasive manner.
Optimization of Early Voltage for Cooled SiGe HBT Precision Current Sources

The influence of Ge profile shape on the temperature characteristics of two key analog transistor parameters, Early voltage (V A ) and current gain-Early voltage product (βV A ). in SiGe HBTs have been studied over the temperature range of 300K-77K using SCORPIO, a transistor simulation tool calibrated to measured data [1]. A new version of SPICE that accounts for the temperature dependence of V A was used to model the various SiGe HBTs simulated and thereby evaluate the cryogenic performance of SiGe HBT precision current sources, which are strongly influenced by the variations in both β and V A . Results clearly indicate that the cryogenic performance of these SiGe current sources can be significantly improved by using a graded Ge profile instead of a constant Ge profile in the base region of the HBT.
Steroid sulfatase gene variation and DHEA responsiveness to resistance exercise in MERET

Genetic influences and endurance exercise have been shown to alter circulating concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated conjugate, DHEAS. We hypothesized that acute resistan...
Antibody Response to Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection in Children with Respiratory Illness

Serologic diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been based on the microimmunofluorescence test (MIF). However, recent prospective studies in children have found that >50% infected with C. pneumoniae failed to develop any antibodies detectable by MIF. In this study, single sera from 46 culture-positive and 42 culture-negative children with respiratory infection and known MIF status were examined by immunoblotting. Forty-one (89.1%) of the single sera from culture-positive and 27 (64.3%) from culture-negative children reacted to C. pneumoniae antigens in immunoblot. C. pneumoniae proteins most frequently recognized by sera from culture-positive patients were at 101-102, 72-76, 50-52, 48-49, 43-44, 41-42, and 30-31 kDa. However, there did not appear to be a correlation of specific band patterns and culture status.
Eating disorder symptoms among undergraduate varsity athletes, club athletes, independent exercisers, and nonexercisers

Objective: To examine whether differences in eating disorder symptoms exist between women who are varsity athletes, club athletes, independent exercisers, and nonexercisers and to determine whether sports anxiety moderates any observed between-group effects. Method: Two hundred seventy four female undergraduates completed the eating disorders inventory and the physical activity and sport anxiety scale and reported their exercise habits. Results: Women who participated in sports tended to have higher levels of eating disorder symptomatology than those who did not. Higher levels of sports anxiety were predictive of higher levels of bulimic symptoms and drive for thinness. Finally, the interaction of sports anxiety and level of athletic participation significantly predicted body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms. Conclusion: Coaches and clinicians should be aware that athletes experience higher rates of eating disorder symptoms than nonathletes. Moreover, sports anxiety should be considered as a possible target of therapy among athletes. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
The Parents' Response to a Child's Murder

Although the response to loss has been a prevalent area of inquiry, limited research exists on how or whether the context of violent death affects the response of parents to the loss of a child. Th...
Rethinking DRAM design and organization for energy-constrained multi-cores

DRAM vendors have traditionally optimized the cost-per-bit metric, often making design decisions that incur energy penalties. A prime example is the overfetch feature in DRAM, where a single request activates thousands of bit-lines in many DRAM chips, only to return a single cache line to the CPU. The focus on cost-per-bit is questionable in modern-day servers where operating costs can easily exceed the purchase cost. Modern technology trends are also placing very different demands on the memory system: (i)queuing delays are a significant component of memory access time, (ii) there is a high energy premium for the level of reliability expected for business-critical computing, and (iii) the memory access stream emerging from multi-core systems exhibits limited locality. All of these trends necessitate an overhaul of DRAM architecture, even if it means a slight compromise in the cost-per-bit metric. This paper examines three primary innovations. The first is a modification to DRAM chip microarchitecture that re tains the traditional DDRx SDRAMinterface. Selective Bit-line Activation (SBA) waits for both RAS (row address) and CAS (column address) signals to arrive before activating exactly those bitlines that provide the requested cache line. SBA reduces energy consumption while incurring slight area and performance penalties. The second innovation, Single Subarray Access (SSA), fundamentally re-organizes the layout of DRAM arrays and the mapping of data to these arrays so that an entire cache line is fetched from a single subarray. It requires a different interface to the memory controller, reduces dynamic and background energy (by about 6X), incurs a slight area penalty (4%), and can even lead to performance improvements (54% on average) by reducing queuing delays. The third innovation further penalizes the cost-per-bit metric by adding a checksum feature to each cache line. This checksum error-detection feature can then be used to build stronger RAID-like fault tolerance, including chipkill-level reliability. Such a technique is especially crucial for the SSA architecture where the entire cache line is localized to a single chip. This DRAM chip microarchitectural change leads to a dramatic reduction in the energy and storage overheads for reliability. The proposed architectures will also apply to other emerging memory technologies (such as resistive memories) and will be less disruptive to standards, interfaces, and the design flow if they can be incorporated into first-generation designs.
Effectiveness of Direct Instruction for Teaching Statement Inference, Use of Facts, and Analogies to Students With Developmental Disabilities and Reading Delays

This study investigated the effects of a Direct Instruction (DI) reading comprehension program implemented With students Who had developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD...
Personal and Familial Substance Misuse Patterns among Eating Disordered and Depressed Subjects

A personal and familial history of substance misuse problems was obtained from 25 anorectic, 43 bulimic, and 33 obese women admitted to an inpatient treatment unit for eating disorders. Similar data was also collected on 40 noneating disordered, depressed women admitted to a general psychiatric ward at the same facility. Results showed significant differences between groups, with bulimic subjects reporting greater frequency of both personal and familial substance misuse problems across all groups. In addition, bulimic subjects with personal substance misuse problems reported a significantly greater frequency of familial substance misuse. However, bulimic subjects with and without substance misuse problems reported similar frequencies of familial substance misuse problems. Results point out the complex interaction of dispositional and situational variables in the formation of substance misuse problems in eating disorders, and the need to examine more completely the substance misuse and developmental histories of eating disordered patients.
The Enemy Is Among Us Media Images of Police in South Africa During the Transition From Apartheid to Democracy

As the end of apartheid neared, the process of police reform was extremely important as the new South African Government was about to inherit an oppressive police force that was often seen as the enemy of democratic reform. Beginning in 1990, authorities and community members contemplated how police reform might work. During apartheid, police were seen as coercive, oppressive, and violent; an important part of police reform efforts was to establish a new image of police. Examining (1) how newspapers framed images of police in South Africa, (2) how the image of police changed over time, and (3) whether media images of police changed from one of conflict to one of consensus reflecting the political transition from apartheid to democracy, I argue that the media image of the South African police service during the transition from apartheid to democracy hindered the ability of community policing efforts to flourish.
Regulating Child Care Quality

Child care quality depends on child care regulation as plants depend on water. An insufficient amount guarantees problems, but an excessive amount may also be problematic. The principal responsibility for child care regulation in the United States resides with state government officials, who must regulate a highly diverse industry. Research shows that regulation promotes quality but that trade-offs exist. Quality improvements that undermine availability or affordability should be evaluated with care. Also, regulatory enforcement deserves as much attention as regulatory standard setting. To improve child care regulation, state policymakers should consider eliminating some local regulations, regulating more family day care homes, upgrading teacher-training requirements, allocating more resources to regulatory enforcement, and designing more effective enforcement strategies.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the availability cascade.

AbstractChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in sports has been known for > 85 years, and has experienced a resurgence of interest over the past decade, both in the media and in the scientific community. However, there appears to be a disconnection between the public's perception of CTE and the currently available scientific data. The cognitive bias known as the “availability cascade” has been suggested as a reason to explain this rift in knowledge. This review summarizes and updates the history of CTE in sports, discusses recent epidemiological and autopsy studies, summarizes the evidence base related to CTE in sports, and offers recommendations for future directions.
Psychological Sequelae in Cancer Survivors

Psychological problems of cancer survivors have added a new dimension to psychooncology research, as more patients, particularly young ones, survive and return to a normal life. However, they are usually concerned about psychosocial problems which impact on quality of life. These are: fears associated with termination of treatment; fears of recurrence or second malignancy; adaptation to “unanticipated” late effects (infertility, CNS dysfunction, organ failure); chronic stress on patient and family; development of “survivor” syndrome (guilt); and adaptation to negative social responses (job, coworkers and friends). The latter impinges heavily on the ability to change jobs, attain promotions and, in the United States, obtain health insurance. For a detailed review of the issues briefly mentioned here, see Tross and Holland [1].
Pathologic Quiz Case

21-year-old woman presented with a complaint of diffuse, flat, brown, macular lesions that first appeared 8 years ago. The lesions began on her abdomen and quickly spread over most of her body, sparing her palms, feet, and most of her face. She also reported a single episode of hypotension several years prior to presentation. Her past medical history was remarkable for congenital esophageal stricture and several skin biopsies, which were suggestive of an early chronic and slightly lichenified dermatitis. An evaluation of the skeletal survey revealed diffuse increased density involving multiple skeletal structures (Figure 1). Nuclear bone scan also revealed increased activity in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Subsequently, a bone marrow biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination of the bone marrow specimen showed approximately 90% cellularity. Around the bony trabeculae, sheets of spindle cells with oval and elongated nuclei and a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm were noted (Figure 2). Toluidine blue staining showed metachromatic granules in several of the spindle cells (Figure 3); this finding was supported by electron microscopy (Figure 4). What is your diagnosis?
Abstract 102: Coregistration of Serial Angiograms Using Point Cloud Matching

Introduction: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard to assess reperfusion during endovascular procedures. Visualization and quantification of changes between successive runs is challenged by patient motion and variations in acquisition parameters such as zoom and pose of the x-ray receptor. Automated coregistration of successive DSA sequences would allow for the visualization of serial changes in perfusion during the procedure. The objective of this study is to develop a fully automated framework for the coregistration of patient-specific DSA acquired at different time points during an endovascular reperfusion procedure. Methods: The dataset was established retrospectively from patients admitted at a stroke care center and diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Included patients underwent a clot retrieval procedure. Biplane DSA was performed before and after endovascular reperfusion intervention. A neurologist manually coregistered the anterior-posterior (AP) view of successive DSA sequences from each patient using anatomical reference landmarks. The developed computer vision framework processed each DSA to extract the vasculature using a vessel detector, followed by resampling of the responses. The resulting set of points in the pre- and post-intervention DSA were then matched using a point cloud matching algorithm. In this study, we provide an experimental analysis with the conventional RANSAC algorithm. Evaluation was performed by measuring the error between the estimated affine transform, that relates the pre- to the post-intervention DSA, and the groundtruth established manually. Results: A total of 20 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age was 66.8 (range 34-91). Distribution of the TICI scores was as follows: TICI 0(3), TICI 1(0), TICI 2a(5), TICI 2b(10), TICI 3(2). Overall coregistration error was as follows: angle (8.6+- 3.1 degrees), shift (24.8 +- 19 mm), respectively. Conclusions: RANSAC point cloud matching algorithm can be used to accurately coregister serial angiograms during endovascular procedures. This could lead to near real-time visualization and quantification of revascularization.
Three-dimensional fluorescent tomography in presence of absorption: Study of the normalized Born approximation

We study the influence of absorption in three-dimensional fluorescent tomographic reconstruction. We show that the normalization used on the data is very important and that the Born ratio gives surprisingly accurate result.
Looking Back: The Experiences of Four Midwest Families After Receiving Foreclosure Counseling Services

The Great Recession produced significant job loss, which precipitated housing instability and the need for foreclosure prevention services for some households. To help meet the needs of struggling homeowners, housing counseling agencies provided education and assistance to offer support. However, after services ended and housing outcomes were identified, families returned to their daily life. Little is known about the experiences and needs of households during and after receiving housing counseling services. This qualitative, in-depth, phenomenological assessment gives voice to the experience of housing instability for families 3 years after initially receiving services from an agency in one economically challenged, urban, Midwestern community. The findings from this study highlight the experience of four Midwestern families, through the use of Seidman’s (Interviewing as qualitative research, 4th edn. Teachers College Press, New York, 2012) three stage interview design, in which the researchers conducted three distinct interviews with each of four participants and two interviews with former housing counselors from the same agency. The findings reveal four key supportive factors that emerged for participants. They include: the importance of faith, family, positivity, and income supports.
Regional Source Parameters, Seismic Energy, and Discrimination

We have examined broadband waveforms from a large number of NTS explosions and earthquakes throughout the southwestern United States in order to characterize seismic sources. Explosions were found to be richer in coda energy than earthquakes. Most earthquakes show relatively little long-period (T>4 sec) coda energy and tend to be richer in long-period and shear-wave energy than explosions. We have developed several seismic discriminants based on these observations and our modeling experience. One promising discriminant is the ratio of short-period vertical component, P-wavetrain energy, to long-period surface wave energy, averaged over three components. Explosions tend to have a higher ratio than do earthquakes, essentially an extension of mb:Ms. Magnitude threshold for this discriminant is about 3.5. Another useful discriminant is based on the total broadband energy to moment ratio where explosions are distinguished by their stronger energy levels relative to their long-period amplitudes. This approach requires Green’s functions, a source estimator program, and processes all events as earthquakes. For this method to be effective requires the calibration of the region using relatively large earthquakes, M>5, but does not require calibrations of explosions.
Ditching the Middle Class with Consumer Protection Regulation

We analyze the effects of a recent piece of consumer-protection regulation – Dodd-Frank – on mortgage originations. Dodd-Frank aimed at reducing mortgage fees and abuses against vulnerable borrowers, but increased the costs of originating mortgages. We find it triggered a substantial redistribution of credit from middle-class households to wealthy households. Lenders reduced credit to middle-class households by 15%, and increased credit to wealthy households by 21%, after controlling for drivers of the demand for housing, local house prices, and foreclosures. Large lenders found reacting to Dodd-Frank to be less costly. We thus instrument households’ exposure to Dodd-Frank with the pre-crisis share of mortgages originated by large lenders in each county. The redistribution of credit from the middle class to the wealthy was higher in counties more exposed to large lenders, which are similar to other counties. Results hold at the individual-loan level and zip-code level, at the intensive margin (amount lent) and extensive margin (number of loans originated), and for accepted and rejected loans. Changes in the distribution of refinancing loans do not explain the results.
The Validity of the Pulse-Ratio Test of Cardiac Efficiency

(1938). The Validity of the Pulse-Ratio Test of Cardiac Efficiency. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health and Physical Education: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 32-46.
Resynthesizing reality: driving vivid virtual environments from sensor networks

The rise of ubiquitous sensing enables the harvesting of massive amounts of data from the physical world. This data is often used to drive the behavior of devices, and when presented to users, it is most commonly visualized quantitatively, as graphs and charts. Another approach for the representation of sensor network data presents the data within a rich, virtual environment. These scenes can be generated based on the physical environment, and their appearance can change based on the state of sensor nodes. By freely exploring these environments, users gain a vivid, multi-modal, and experiential perspective into large, multi-dimensional datasets. This paper presents the concept of "Resynthesizing Reality" through a case study we have created based on a network of environmental sensors deployed at a large-scale wetland restoration site. We describe the technical implementation of our system, present techniques to visualize sensor data within the virtual environment, and discuss potential applications for such Resynthesized Realities.
Decrees in andocides' on the mysteries and 'latent fragments' from craterus

The manuscript of Andocides' speech On the Mysteries contains a series of documentary inserts culminating in the decrees of Patroclides (§§77–9), Tisamenus (§§83–4) and Demophantus (§§96–8). These decrees seem to fit their historical context and they are presented at length, with at least a few of the formalities that we would expect to find in the official record. Modern commentators have relied upon them as substantially genuine, allowing for the usual errors in transmission, but now their authenticity is contested. A close reading by Mirko Canevaro and Edward Harris rejects all three of these documents as products of feckless ‘forgery’. Alan Sommerstein responded with a strong defence of Demophantus' decree, and Mogens Hansen has recently defended Patroclides' decree and Tisamenus' as well. On many points the defenders are persuasive, but the sceptics make a good case, and so it seems reasonable to reconsider how these documents took shape.
Susceptibility of Microplitis croceipes and Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to Field Rates of Selected Cotton Insecticides

Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) and Cardiochiles nigriceps Vierick, parasitoids of Heliothis virescens (F.), were treated topically with field rates of 14 formulated insecticides commonly used in c...
A note on Type S/M errors in hypothesis testing

Motivated by the recent replication and reproducibility crisis, Gelman and Carlin (2014, Perspect. Psychol. Sci., 9, 641) advocated focusing on controlling for Type S/M errors, instead of the classic Type I/II errors, when conducting hypothesis testing. In this paper, we aim to fill several theoretical gaps in the methodology proposed by Gelman and Carlin (2014, Perspect. Psychol. Sci., 9, 641). In particular, we derive the closed-form expression for the expected Type M error, and study the mathematical properties of the probability of Type S error as well as the expected Type M error, such as monotonicity. We demonstrate the advantages of our results through numerical and empirical examples.