cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tribological Characteristics of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 Bulk Metallic Glass

The sliding characteristics of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glass have been examined in vacuum and in air using a pin/disk geometry without lubrication. The counterface material was either the same metallic glass (self-mated) or 52100 steel. Normal load was 0.1-1 kgf. The test system was equipped for continuous measurement of friction force. In addition, a Kelvin probe allowed continuous monitoring of changes in the structure and chemistry of the disk surface. Post-test characterization included optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and EDS of worn surfaces and debris. Friction coefficients in both vacuum and air were typical of those expected for ductile materials, with values ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 (higher values with lower load). Wear rates and average debris size increased with load. Wear rates were larger in air than in vacuum. Wear surface appearance and chemical composition were influenced by plastic deformation, material transfer and environmental interactions. After tests in air, the wear tracks and debris had a granular appearance and oxygen concentrations were high. Changes in the Kelvin probe signal correlated well with visual observations and with concentrations of oxygen detected by EDS.
David Oliver: Lies, damned lies, and the NHS

My school maths teacher got us reading Darrell Huff’s seminal How to Lie with Statistics . The lessons have endured. In a similar vein was a wonderful recent column in the Observer by the statistician David Spiegelhalter on nine ways people misuse numbers to support their arguments.1 Three of these included recent examples from the NHS.
Clinical Neurogenetics: Stroke

Understanding the genetic architecture of cerebrovascular disease holds promise of novel stroke prevention strategies and therapeutics that are both safe and effective. Apart from a few single-gene disorders associated with cerebral ischemia or intracerebral hemorrhage, stroke is a complex genetic phenotype, which requires careful ascertainment and robust association testing for discovery and validation analyses. Recently uncovered shared genetic contribution between clinically manifest stroke syndromes and closely-related intermediate cerebrovascular phenotypes offers effective and efficient approaches to complex trait analysis.
Effective Apnea-Hypopnea Index ("Effective AHI"): A New Measure of Effectiveness for Positive Airway Pressure Therapy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess a new measure of positive airway pressure (PAP) effectiveness, the Effective AHI, which accounts for sleep disordered breathing events during the time PAP is (PAP On) and is not (PAP Off) being used. A secondary aim was to test the accuracy of the Watch-PAT 200 (WP) portable monitor for measurement of the Effective AHI. METHODS A prospective two-center cohort study design was used to evaluate patients who had been prescribed PAP therapy for ≥ 2 months. The primary outcome measure was the Effective AHI as determined by an in-laboratory polysomnogram (PSG) where patients used their PAP machine as they did at home, and concomitantly wore the WP. The Effective AHI equals the sum of apneas and hypopneas with PAP On and PAP Off divided by hours of total sleep time. RESULTS Twenty-eight adult patients (75% men, age 51.4 ± 10.8 years [mean ± SD]) comprised the study sample. The mean Effective AHI of 18.3, was significantly lower than the mean Diagnostic AHI of 67.9 (P < 0.0001). All patients using PAP ≥ 6 h had an Effective AHI < 5. For patients using PAP < 6 h, Effective AHI scores < 5 only occurred in patients who slept in a non-supine position during PAP Off time; leaving 63.6% of patients with residual moderate-to-severe OSA. There was a high correlation between the PSG and WP for the Effective AHI (r = 0.871). CONCLUSIONS Significant disease burden, as objectively measured by the Effective AHI, may still exist in many patients with severe OSA in whom PAP therapy is not utilized for the entire sleep period. The WP is a reasonably accurate device to measure the Effective AHI.
Controlling Chain Conformations of High‐k Fluoropolymer Dielectrics to Enhance Charge Mobilities in Rubrene Single‐Crystal Field‐Effect Transistors

A novel photopatternable high-k fluoropolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-bromotrifluoroethylene) P(VDF-BTFE), with a dielectric constant (k) between 8 and 11 is demonstrated in thin-film transistors. Crosslinking P(VDF-BTFE) reduces energetic disorder at the dielectric-semiconductor interface by controlling the chain conformations of P(VDF-BTFE), thereby leading to approximately a threefold enhancement in the charge mobility of rubrene single-crystal field-effect transistors.
Transition Zone Migration: A Mechanism for Cytoplasmic Ciliogenesis and Postaxonemal Centriole Elongation

The cilium is an elongated and continuous structure that spans two major subcellular domains. The cytoplasmic domain contains a short centriole, which serves to nucleate the main projection of the cilium. This projection, known as the axoneme, remains separated from the cytoplasm by a specialized gatekeeping complex within a ciliary subdomain called the transition zone. In this way, the axoneme is compartmentalized. Intriguingly, however, this general principle of cilium biology is altered in the sperm cells of many animals, which instead contain a cytoplasmic axoneme domain. Here, we discuss the hypothesis that the formation of specialized sperm giant centrioles and cytoplasmic cilia is mediated by the migration of the transition zone from its typical location as part of a structure known as the annulus and examine the intrinsic properties of the transition zone that may facilitate its migratory behavior.
Abstract B76: Examining medical mistrust and breast cancer screening behaviors among African American, Latina and Arab American women

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of medical mistrust among African American, Latina and Arab American women and to assess the association between their medical mistrust and breast cancer screening behaviors. We hypothesized high levels of medical mistrust in all groups of women and a negative correlation between medical mistrust and breast cancer screening. Methods: Using community health workers from our partner health organizations a 7-item Medical Mistrust Index measured on a 4-point rating scale was administered to 341 women (116 African American, 113 Latina and 112 Arab American women). The previously validated index (reliability 0.70–0.93) was orally administered in English, Spanish or Arabic depending on the respondent9s choice. Data on breast cancer screenings and sociodemographics were also collected. We performed frequency distribution analyses to estimate the levels of medical mistrust. Bivariate associations between medical mistrust and screening behaviors were assessed using cross-tabulations and Fisher9s exact tests were employed to assess statistical significance Results: High levels of medical mistrust were found, regardless of the racial-ethnic group; more than 40% of women in any of the racial-ethnic groups agreed or strongly agreed with all the mistrust statements in the Medical Mistrust Index. For instance, 49% of the women agreed with the statement “Patients have sometimes been deceived or mislead by healthcare organizations” while 18% strongly agreed. African American women were found to have higher levels of mistrust, e.g. 39% strongly agreed with statement “Health care organizations don9t always keep your information totally private” compared to 15% for Latina and 9% for Arab American women (Chi-square = 88.960; Fisher9s exact P Conclusion: This study reveals an important association between medical mistrust and appropriately timed breast cancer screening among African American, Latina and Arab-American women. Women who had not received appropriately timed clinical breast exams were found to have higher levels of medical mistrust than those who had. Understanding medical mistrust is important for better design of tailored breast cancer screening educational programs.
Abstract 129: Patients’ Perspectives of Participating in an Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence after ACS hospitalization A Qualitative Analysis

Objective: Few studies have documented the patient’s perspective on interventions designed to change health behavior. Patients choose to participate in studies and to execute prescribed behaviors. Understanding patients’ choices and the reasoning behind their choices may help to explain variation in intervention effectiveness. Our objective was to understand patients’ perspectives of participating in a study designed to improve medication adherence after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) hospitalization comprised of automated medication refill reminders and educational messages, and pharmacist support. Methods: Sixty six in-depth interviews were conducted with patients in a study of an intervention to improve medication adherence after ACS hospitalization. Transcripts of interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory approach and content analysis. Results: Some patients reported that having an ACS event redefined their identities based on real and perceived physical limitations. Bi-directional relationships between patients and providers were a key factor of medication adherence. Patients comfortable being honest with their providers are active participants in the shared decision making process that is inherent for adherence. Patients expressed that providers need to be open to their divergent opinions. Some patients explained that clinicians don’t have the time to hear all the details the patient needed to share. Other patients felt their providers just did not listen to them. Positive attitudes towards medications and life in general strengthened adherence to recommended treatments. Some reported fear of having another event and of dying, and that this fear affected their behaviors, while others reported that fear hindered change. In addition, having the support of people to remind, organize and encourage patients helped adherence. Routines and pill boxes were identified as effective aids. Most patients did not remember receiving the automated messages. Conclusions: Among patients participating in a multifaceted study to improve medication adherence, bi-directional and open conversations with providers positively influenced adherence behavior. Fear of another ACS event, having social support and utilizing adherence aides were also influential factors. Future interventions designed to improve medication adherence should incorporate these patient-identified factors.
Near-field optical model for directed energy-propelled spacecrafts

Directed energy is envisioned to drive wafer-scale spacecraft to relativistic speeds. Spacecraft propulsion is provided by a large array of lasers, either in Earth orbit or stationed on the ground. The directed-energy beam is focused on the spacecraft sail, and momentum from photons in the laser beam is transferred to the spacecraft as the beam reflects off of the sail. In order for the beam to be concentrated on the spacecraft, precise phase control of all the elements across the laser array will be required. Any phase misalignments within the array will give rise to pointing fluctuations and flux asymmetry in the beam, necessitating creative approaches to spacecraft stability and beam following. In order to simulate spacecraft acceleration using an array of phase-locked lasers, a near field intensity model of the laser array is required. This paper describes a light propagation model that can be used to calculate intensity patterns for the near-field diffraction of a phased array. The model is based on the combination of complex frequencies from an array of emitters as the beams from each emitter strike a target surface. Ray-tracing geometry is used to determine the distance from each point on an emitter optical surface to each point on the target surface, and the distance is used to determine the phase contribution. Simulations are presented that explore the effects of fixed and time-varying phase mis-alignments on beam pointing, beam intensity and focusing characteristics.
Asymptomatic Fibroids and Infertility

Although uterine fibroids are extremely common and present in 40% of women, they do not all require any type of intervention, even in the case of a patient with infertility. In all cases of infertility, the evaluation should take into account all possible contributing factors with a careful workup for both male and female causes. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing and treating obvious infertility caused by anovulation due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and expectantly following multiple but small intramural and non-cavitary fibroids. Treatment options for fibroids in different locations, as well as PCOS, will be reviewed.
Statistical Gene Tree Estimation Methods

Introduction to Statistical Estimation in Phylogenetics Phylogeny estimation from biomolecular sequences is often posed as a statistical inference problem where the sequences evolve down a tree via a stochastic process. Statistical estimation methods take advantage of what is known (or hypothesized) about that stochastic process in order to produce an estimate of the evolutionary history. When we consider phylogeny reconstruction methods as statistical estimation methods, many statistical performance issues arise. For example: Is the method guaranteed to construct the true tree (with high probability) if there are enough data (i.e., is the method statistically consistent under the model)? How much data does the method need to obtain the true tree with high probability (i.e., what is the sample complexity of the method)? Is the method still relatively accurate if the assumptions of the model do not apply to the data that are used to estimate the tree (i.e., is the method robust to model misspecification)? Markov models of evolution form the basis of most computational methods of analysis used in phylogenetics. The simplest of these models are for characters with two states, reflecting the presence or absence of a trait. However, the most common models are for nucleotide (four-state characters) or amino acid (20-state characters) data. They can also be used (although less commonly) for codon data, in which case they have 64 states (Goldman and Yang, 1994; Yang et al., 2000; Kosiol et al., 2007; Anisimova and Kosiol, 2009; De Maio et al., 2013). In Chapter 1, we described the Cavender–Farris–Neyman (CFN) model of binary sequence evolution, and a simple method to estimate the CFN tree from binary sequences. In this chapter we focus on sequence evolution models that are applicable to molecular sequence evolution. As we will see, the mathematical theorems and algorithmic approaches are very similar to those developed for phylogeny estimation under the CFN model. Statistical identifiability is an important concept related toMarkov models.We say that a parameter (such as the tree topology) of the Markov model is identifiable if the probability distribution of the patterns of states at the leaves of the tree are always different for two Markov models that are different for that parameter. Thus, some parameters of a model may be identifiable while others may not be. For example, the unrooted tree topology is identifiable under the CFN model, but the location of the root is not.
Turbofan engine performance study under simulated failure and non-traditional flight conditions

Engine technology advancements is continuing to be on the rise, manufacturers involved in the development and the making of these engines are continuously striving to improve engines operational capabilities, fuel efficiency and durability. Altitude and Mach number delineate the operational set points for the engine. The core aim of these efforts is to enable production of adequate thrust to allow safe and stable maneuver of operation. The performance requirements of the engine are dependent on the mission profile and its characteristics. Increasing the efficiency and minimizing operative cost by reducing fuel consumption is an important factor for a successful turbofan engine. This leads to the fact that any decrease in the percent of fuel consumption will render a significant saving of running costs over the life of the engine. Further, with equally slight increase in the efficiency, the operational life of the engine will improve tremendously. The work being presented in this paper is focused on acquiring data such as thrust, speed; altitude etc… generated from a turbofan engine simulator “DGEN 380” which resembled an actual engine in operation. Conditions such as specified components unexpected failures under a quantified flight path are being investigated to assess the performance of the engine in such operational circumstances. Results pertaining to failure diagnosis based on the engine response obtained from the virtual test bench are presented and discussed.
Ordered rate constitutive theories for thermoviscoelastic solids without memory incorporating internal and Cosserat rotations

The work in this paper is based on a non-classical continuum theory in the Lagrangian description for thermoviscoelastic solids without memory in which the conservation and balance laws are derived by incorporating internal rotations ( $${}_i \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}$$ ) arising from the Jacobian of deformation ( $$ \pmb {\varvec{J }}$$ ), as well as Cosserat rotations ( $${}_e \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}$$ ) at a material point. Such non-classical solids have additional energy storage due to rotations and additional dissipation due to rotation rates compared to classical continuum theories. Rotations $${}_i \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}$$ are completely defined by $$ \pmb {\varvec{J }}$$ , whereas displacements $$ \pmb {\varvec{u }}$$ and Cosserat rotations $${}_e \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}$$ are degrees of freedom at each material point. When $${}_i \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}$$ and $${}_e \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}$$ are resisted by the deforming matter, conjugate moments arise, which together with ( $${}_i \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }},{}_e \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}$$ ) and ( $${}_i\overset{\,\text{. }}{ \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}},{}_e\overset{\,\text{. }}{ \pmb {\varvec{{\varTheta } }}}$$ ) result in additional work and rate of work. This paper utilizes thermodynamic framework for non-classical solids derived based on internal as well as Cosserat rotations and presents a thermodynamically consistent derivation of the constitutive theories that incorporate the aforementioned deformation physics. The constitutive theories are derived using the conditions resulting from the entropy inequality in conjunction with the representation theorem.
Loss of Ataxin-1 Elevates BACE1 Expression and Impairs Axonal Targeting in the Cerebrum

Expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the Ataxin-1 gene (ATXN1) causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), a neurodegenerative disease that impairs coordinated movement and cognitive functions. ATXN1 is associated with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show loss of Ataxin-1 potentiates AD pathogenesis. Specifically, knockout of Atxn1 in mice led to increased expression of β-secretase (BACE1) and elevated BACE1-mediated cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), selectively in AD-vulnerable brain regions. Ataxin-1 depletion exacerbated Aβ plaque deposition and gliosis in AD mice, and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and axonal targeting. The SCA1-linked CAG repeat number was normal in AD patients. However, in SCA1 mice, aggregation of mutant Ataxin-1 led to BACE1 up-regulation and axon guidance defects in the hippocampal CA2 region. Together, these findings indicate that loss of Ataxin-1 potentiates Aβ pathology, and BACE1 elevation may represent a shared pathogenic mechanism underlying cognitive deficits in SCA1 and AD.
Bacharach and Lawler's Theory of Argument in Bargaining: A Critique.

This essay presents and critiques Samuel Bacharach and Edward Lawler's theory of argument in bargaining. An adaptation of Wenzel's (1980) and Zarefsky's (1980) perspectives of argument serves as th...
Expression of Sequences of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Transgenic Plants and Their Role in Disease Resistance

Recently, it was reported that transgenic tobacco plants that express the coat protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) exhibit a degree of resistance to infection by TMV (11). To determine whether the expression of other viral sequences would also confer resistance, transgenic plants were produced which expressed TMV nucleotides (nt) 3335 to 6395 (representing approximately 52% of the viral genome), their complement (antisense), or nucleotides that encode the 30-kDa protein. Plants that expressed the coat protein gene or other viral RNA sequences were inoculated with TMV and observed for development of disease symptoms. Symptoms were delayed only if transgenic plants expressed the coat protein gene; i.e., plants that express other sequences of TMV, of either the sense or antisense polarity, developed disease symptoms simultaneous with nontransgenic plants. The results indicate that the resistance to TMV infection is greater in transgenic plants that express the viral coat protein gene than in plants that express other sequences of TMV RNA.
The conversion in vivo of xylitol to glycogen via the pentose phosphate pathway.

Studies in this laboratory designed to elucidate the metabolism of L-xylulose, the characteristic urinary sugar of essential pentosuria, have shown that n-glucuronolactone is a precursor of the ketopentose in guinea pigs and in humans (1, 2) and that there are enzymes in guinea pig liver which can interconvert L-xylulose and xylitol as well as xylitol and D-xylulose (3, 4). The discovery that n-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate shunt (6-phosphogluconate oxidation pathway) (5, 6) suggested that glucuronate and the xyluloses might be ultimately metabolized via this pathway (4, 7). A kinase has indeed been found in calf liver which can convert n-xylulose to n-xylulose 5-phosphate (8). These findings suggest that the following sequence of reactions occurs in mammals: n-glucuronate --) L-xylulose G= xylitol ti n-xylulose + D-xylulose 5-phosphate. Since the formulation of this sequence is based upon work done on different species and partly on enzymatic studies performed in vitro, it seemed desirable to obtain evidence in tivo regarding its physiological occurrence. The tracer experiments reported elsewhere (2) have demonstrated the conversion of n-glucuronolactone to L-xylulose in a pentosuric human through reactions involving loss of the carboxyl carbon of the former compound, with the aldehydic carbon becoming the fifth carbon of the pentose. The present paper reports a study of the metabolic fate of a compound which is intermediate in the reaction sequence shown above. Xylitol-l-Cl4 was chosen because it can be conveniently prepared from the readily available n-xylose-1-CY4. n-Ribose, known to be metabolized via the pentose phosphate shunt (9), and n-xylose were tested for comparative purposes. A recent report has shown that the latter is also metabolized via this pathway (10). It was first demonstrated that xylitol is oxidized in vivo to carbon dioxide. A study was then undertaken to determine whether the distribution of
Barrier to Healthcare Access Faced by Indigenous Women in the Guatemalan Highland

Utilizing the Framework Method, qualitative research determined the effects of potential barriers to healthcare access faced by 15 self-selected, consenting Indigenous women living in three different communities in the Guatemalan highlands. The women were actively involved in the nutritional recuperation program of the Community Organization, a non-profit clinic. Data collection involved recorded interviews based on a questionnaire designed to ensure culture competency. Responses were grouped into categories based on their relation to potential barriers to healthcare access and were then coded based on impacts on healthcare seeking behaviours. Intercoder reliability was measured and negotiated agreement of results was conducted to reach 100% agreement. Analyses of coded responses compared results between communities and between available sectors of healthcare (folk, public, and non-profit). Inductive reasoning was used to determine the effect of beliefs related to illness on healthcare seeking behaviour. Analyses showed significant differences in the impact of geographical barriers to healthcare access among communities across public and non-profit sectors of healthcare, p < 0.05, and demonstrated categorization of disease states and influence of beliefs related to illness on healthcare seeking behaviour. Results demonstrated a hierarchy of barriers, with barriers such as cost, perceived quality of care, trust of medical provider, and available time only showing a negative effect once the barrier of geography was overcome. Despite the sample bias, these results give insight into factors affecting healthcare seeking behaviours that could contribute to the low utilization of healthcare seen in this population.
The Reagan Administration’s Efforts to Promote Human Rights and Democracy in the Soviet Union

This chapter explores the complexities of how the Reagan administration promoted human rights and democracy in the Soviet Union. It situates the administration’s campaign to promote Soviet internal reform within a larger effort to forge a dynamic detente with Moscow from an unquestioned ‘position of strength.’ Taking this approach has the advantage of showcasing the diverse array of steps that officials took to promote democracy and pluralism in the USSR. It also helps demonstrate that Reagan’s policies did not force Mikhail Gorbachev to embrace democracy. Instead, as the chapter shows, the administration made its most important contributions to transforming the USSR by using the provisions of the Final Act to hold Soviet policymakers accountable for their behaviour and helping reformers build liberal democratic institutions.
Determinants and Effects of Fiscal Counter-Cyclicality

This paper provides a novel dataset of time-varying measures of fiscal counter-cyclicality for an unbalanced panel of advanced and emerging market economies from 1980 to 2014. The use of time-varying measures of fiscal counter-cyclicality overcomes the major limitation of existing studies assessing the determinants and the effects of fiscal countercyclicality that rely on cross-country regressions and, therefore, are not able to account for country-specific as well as global factors. The key findings of the paper are as follows: (i) fiscal counter-cyclicality has increased over time for many economies over the last two decades; (ii) fiscal counter-cyclicality is positively associated with financial deepening, the level of economic development, trade openness, government size as well as with political factors; (iii) fiscal counter-cyclicality significantly reduces output volatility. Our results are robust to various specifications and endogeneity checks. ****** Este documento ofrece un novedoso conjunto de datos con medidas de la contraciclicidad de la polA­tica fiscal que son variantes en el tiempo, para un panel desbalanceado de economA­as avanzadas y emergentes desde 1980 hasta 2014. El uso de medidas fiscales contracA­clicas que cambian en el tiempo, supera la principal limitaciA³n de los estudios existentes sobre la materia, que usualmente evalAoan los determinantes y los efectos de la contraciclicidad fiscal basados en regresiones a travA©s de paA­ses y, por lo tanto, no dan cuenta de los efectos especA­ficos por paA­s ni de los efectos globales. Los hallazgos mAis importantes del trabajo son los siguientes: (i) la contraciclicidad fiscal ha aumentado durante las Aoltimas dos dA©cadas en muchas economA­as; (ii) la contraciclicidad fiscal estAi asociada positivamente con la profundizaciA³n financiera, el nivel de desarrollo econA³mico, la apertura comercial, el tamaA±o del gobierno, asA­ como con factores polA­ticos; y (iii) la contraciclicidad fiscal reduce significativamente la volatilidad del producto. Nuestros resultados son robustos a varias especificaciones y verificaciones de endogeneidad.
Metastatic Melanoma presenting as an Intraventricular non-bleeding Mass (P6.114)

Objective: NA Background: Melanoma is one of the least common skin cancers, but the most aggressive. It is the third most common type of cancer metastasizing to the brain, subsequent to lung and breast cancer. Brain metastases occur in approximately 44% patients with melanoma, and have a strong propensity to bleed; tumor hemorrhage being reported in up to 75% of cases. Design/Methods: 67 year old male with history of Stage III melanoma (status-post resection 3 years ago) presented with headaches, nausea, fatigue and weight loss since 1 month. Exam was noted for confusion, slow speech and left upper extremity tremor. CT and MRI head showed hyperattenuating intraventricular mass involving the bilateral lateral, third and fourth ventricles with diffuse cerebral edema and ‘periventricular caking’. CT chest/abdomen/pelvis was negative for pathology. Lumbar puncture revealed elevated pressure of >55cmH20, 524 mg/dl protein, 87 WBCs with 86% lymphocytes and glucose of 20 (serum 100 mg/dl). Cytometry did not show evidence of monoclonal B cells. Differential diagnoses were broad including CNS lymphoma, ventriculitis, subacute meningoencephalitis, or metastases. Infectious diseases team was consulted, and broad spectrum antibiotics empirically started; however thorough infectious workup was subsequently negative. Brain biopsy was performed for definitive diagnosis. Frozen section was concerning for CNS lymphoma, but detailed pathological examination of the specimen using H&E and MART-1 stains confirmed a histologic diagnosis of BRAF-positive metastatic melanoma. Patient deteriorated rapidly during his hospital course, requiring intubation and EVD placement. Family withdrew all aggressive life-sustaining measures and patient was discharged home with hospice. Results: NA Conclusions: We report a case of previously treated melanoma presenting as a metastasis to the central nervous system as a diffuse intraventricular/periventricular mass without any overt bleeding. The case is unique in its unusual pattern of intracranial involvement without hemorrhage and radiologic imaging mimicking CNS lymphoma. Disclosure: Dr. Somani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jamy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rhodemarie has nothing to disclose.
Feasibility of imaging amyloid in the brain using small-angle x-ray scattering.

Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) imaging may have the potential to image β amyloid plaques in vivo in the brain without tracers for assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We use a laboratory SAXS system for planar imaging of AD model and control mouse brains slices to detect regions with high density of amyloid plaques. These regions were validated with histology methods. Using Monte Carlo techniques, we simulate SAXS computed tomography (SAXS-CT) system to study the potential of selectively differentiating amyloid targets in mouse and human head phantoms with detailed anatomy. We found contrast between amyloid and brain tissue at small q (below 0.8 nm-1) in the neocortex region of the transgenic brain slices as supported by histology. We observed similar behavior through planar SAXS imaging of an amyloid-like fibril deposit with a 0.8 mm diameter at a known location on a wild type mouse brain. In our SAXS-CT simulations, we found that 33-keV x rays provide increase plaque visibility in the mouse head for targets of at least 0.1 mm in diameter, while in the human head, 70-keV x rays were capable of detecting plaques as small as 2 mm. To increase radiation efficiency, we used a weighted-sum image visualization approach allowing the dose deposited by 70-keV x rays per SAXS-CT slice of the human head to be reduced by a factor of 10 to 71 mGy for gray matter and 63 mGy for white matter. The findings suggest that a dedicated SAXS-CT system for in vivo amyloid imaging in small animals and humans can be successfully developed with further system optimization to detect regions with amyloid plaques in the brain with a safe level of radiation dose.
Layer-by-Layer AssemblyStrategy for Reinforcing theMechanical Strength of an Ionogel Electrolyte without Affecting IonicConductivity

The simultaneous boosting of the ionic conductivity and the mechanical strength of an ionogel electrolyte is hindered by its entrapped electrolyte. Herein, we report a promising strategy to boost t...
No Room for the “Woman of Fashion”: Male Authorship, Anti-fashion, and Wilkie Collins’ The Woman in White

This chapter examines Wilkie Collins’ novel The Woman in White (1859–1860) and his anti-crinoline treatise “Give Us Room!” (1858) to show Collins’ construction of a masculine authorial identity in relation to contemporary debates about women’s dress and modern femininity. In the contexts of mid-Victorian fashion discourse and a theoretical understanding of “anti-fashion,” Collins’ aesthetic debt to an unconventional pre-Raphaelite sensibility applied to dress and style becomes clear. Highlighting the novel’s understudied motifs of fashion, dress, and self-presentation, however, reveals Collins’ distinct conservative aesthetic agenda, one that overrides the oft-noted theme of sisterly solidarity among its female characters, who are bifurcated into camps: the desirables who reject fashion and the reviled who embrace it, embodying a commonly maligned Victorian type, the coquette or “woman of fashion.”
Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Study of the Interference Effect on a Thin Film of 4,4'-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) and Its Interfacial Orientation.

Molecular organization of vapor-deposited organic molecules in the active layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been a matter of great interest as it directly influences various optoel...
Certification of SRM 640f line position and line shape standard for powder diffraction

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certifies a suite of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) to be used to evaluate specific aspects of the instrument performance of both X-ray and neutron powder diffractometers. This report describes SRM 640f, the seventh generation of this powder diffraction SRM, which is designed to be used primarily for calibrating powder diffractometers with respect to line position; it also can be used for the determination of the instrument profile function. It is certified with respect to the lattice parameter and consists of approximately 7.5 g of silicon powder prepared to minimize line broadening. A NIST-built diffractometer, incorporating many advanced design features, was used to certify the lattice parameter of the Si powder. Both statistical and systematic uncertainties have been assigned to yield a certified value for the lattice parameter at 22.5 °C of a = 0.5431144 ± 0.000008 nm.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Has Genes For Both Glycolate Oxidase and Glycolate Dehydrogenase

Green algae have two different enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of glycolate. Some algae utilize the peroxisomal enzyme glycolate oxidase, while other algae use the mitochondrial enzyme glycolate dehydrogenase. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has an active glycolate dehydrogenase. With the recent sequencing of the C. reinhardtii genome it was found that C. reinhardtii also has a gene encoding a putative glycolate oxidase. In this paper the presence of genes encoding both glycolate oxidase and glycolate dehydrogenase in C. reinhardtii is discussed.
Computer vision, human senses, and language of art

What is the most important reason for using Computer Vision methods in humanities research? In this article, I argue that the use of numerical representation and data analysis methods offers a new language for describing cultural artifacts, experiences and dynamics. The human languages such as English or Russian that developed rather recently in human evolution are not good at capturing analog properties of human sensorial and cultural experiences. These limitations become particularly worrying if we want to compare thousands, millions or billions of artifacts—i.e. to study contemporary media and cultures at their new twenty-first century scale. When we instead use numerical measurements of image properties standard in Computer Vision, we can better capture details of a single artifact as well as visual differences between a number of artifacts–even if they are very small. The examples of visual dimensions that numbers can capture better then languages include color, shape, texture, contours, composition, and visual characteristics of represented faces, bodies and objects. The methods of finding structures and relationships in large numerical datasets developed in statistics and machine learning allow us to extend this analysis to very big datasets of cultural objects. Equally importantly, numerical image features used in Computer Vision also give us a new language to represent gradual and continuous temporal changes—something which natural languages are also bad at. This applies to both single artworks such as a film or a dance piece (describing movement and rhythm) and also to changes in visual characteristics in millions of artifacts over decades or centuries.
Describing small angle scattering profiles by a limited set of intensities

Abstract Small angle scattering (SAS) probes the size and shape of particles at low resolution through the analysis of the scattering of X-rays or neutrons passing through a solution of particles. One approach to extracting structural information from SAS data is the indirect Fourier transform (IFT) [1]. The IFT approach parameterizes the real space pair distribution function (P (r)) of a particle using a set of orthogonal basis functions, which simultaneously determines the scattering profile (I(q)) using corresponding reciprocal space basis functions. This article presents an extension of an IFT algorithm proposed by Moore [2] which used a trigonometric series to describe the basis functions, where the real space and reciprocal space basis functions are Fourier mates. We present an equation relating the Moore coefficients to the intensities of the SAS profile at specific positions. We provide a series of new equations that determine the size and shape parameters describing a particle from this distinct set of intensity values. We also derive an analytical real space regularizer to smooth the P (r) curve and ameliorate systematic deviations caused by series termination, commonly used in IFT methods [1, 3] though not described in Moore’s original approach, which is particularly susceptible to such effects [4, 5]. The algorithm is provided as a script, denss.fit data.py, as part of the DENSS software package for SAS [6], which includes both command line and interactive graphical interfaces.
Treatment of Fanconi Anemia-Associated Head and Neck Cancer: Opportunities to Improve Outcomes.

Fanconi anemia, the most frequent genetic cause of bone marrow failure, is characterized by an extreme predilection towards multiple malignancies, including a greater than 500-fold incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) relative to the general population. Fanconi anemia-associated HNSCC and esophageal SCC (FA-HNSCC) often present at advanced stages with poor survival. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for FA-HNSCC, and there is often great reluctance to administer systemic agents and/or radiation therapy (RT) to these patients given their susceptibility to DNA damage. The paucity of FA-HNSCC case reports limits evidence-based management, and such cases have not been analyzed collectively in detail. We present a systematic review of FA-HNSCC treatments reported from 1966 to 2020, defining a cohort of 119 FA-HNSCC patients including 16 esophageal SCCs (131 total primary tumors), who were treated with surgery, RT, systemic therapy (including cytotoxic agents, EGFR inhibitors, or immune checkpoint inhibitors), or a combination of modalities. We summarize the clinical responses and regimen-associated toxicities by treatment modality. The collective evidence suggests that when possible, surgical resection with curative intent should remain the primary treatment modality for FA-HNSCC. Radiation can be administered with acceptable toxicity in the majority of cases, including patients who have undergone stem cell transplantation (SCT). While there is little justification for cytotoxic chemotherapy, EGFR inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may be both safe and effective. Immunotherapy may also be considered. Most oncologists have little personal experience with FA-HNSCC. This review is intended as a comprehensive resource for clinicians.
Epigenetic Regulatory Dynamics in Models of Methamphetamine-Use Disorder

Methamphetamine (METH)-use disorder (MUD) is a very serious, potentially lethal, biopsychosocial disease. Exposure to METH causes long-term changes to brain regions involved in reward processing and motivation, leading vulnerable individuals to engage in pathological drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior that can remain a lifelong struggle. It is crucial to elucidate underlying mechanisms by which exposure to METH leads to molecular neuroadaptive changes at transcriptional and translational levels. Changes in gene expression are controlled by post-translational modifications via chromatin remodeling. This review article focuses on the brain-region specific combinatorial or distinct epigenetic modifications that lead to METH-induced changes in gene expression.
The Role of Inhibitory Interneurons in a Model od Developmental Epilepsy

THE ROLE OF INHIBITORY INTERNEURONS IN A MODEL OF DEVELOPMENTAL EPILEPSY By Patrick James Wolfgang, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Anatomy and Neural Biology at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2007 Major Director: Kimberle Jacobs Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Epilepsy, defined by recurrent seizures, is the one of the most prevalent neurological disorders worldwide (World Health Organization 2007). While many forms of epilepsy are well-controlled by anti-epileptogenic medications, a significant portion of patients have intractable, i.e. untreatable, seizures. The etiology of these seizures is varied, but a significant cause, particularly for patients with intractable epilepsy is developmental malformation. In these cases, an error or interruption during the development of the neocortex produces a structural alteration. Such patients may have other neurological problems, but seizures are the most common symptom. The neuronal mechanisms that link malformation and cortical hyperexcitability are not well understood. Here we have ix sought to examine potential mechanisms that result from microgyria, a malformation characterized by excessive numbers of small gyri. The presence of epileptiform activity indicates that the normal balance of excitation and inhibition has shifted . Two functions of inhibition within neocortex are to prevent spread of excitation, and to modulate the timing of surrounding excitation. Although seemingly contradictory, increasing some forms of inhibition can result in an increase in synchronous excitatory activity. We hypothesize that for certain malformation epilepsies, the inhibitory processes that control timing are increased, creating a hyper-synchronous cortex, while the inhibitory processes that control horizontal spread are decreased, allowing the propagation of such activity. Here we have examined the network effect of selectively modulating the inhibitory cells that control vertical or columnar cortical synchrony. This modulation is performed via activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors found on the verticallyprojecting interneurons but not on those inhibitory cells that control horizontal spread of activity. Our results suggest that the network effect of activating these interneurons is altered in malformed, epileptogenic cortex.
Myoglobin, creatine-kinase-MB and cardiac troponin-I 60-minute ratios predict infarct-related artery patency after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: results from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction study (TIMI) 10B.

Abstract OBJECTIVES We examined the diagnostic performance of serum myoglobin, creatine-kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) for predicting the infarct-related artery (IRA) patency in patients receiving TNK-tissue plasminogen activator (TNK-tPA) therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10B trial. BACKGROUND A reliable noninvasive serum marker of IRA patency is desired to permit early identification of patients with a patent IRA after thrombolysis. METHODS We measured myoglobin, CK-MB and cTnI concentrations in sera obtained just before thrombolysis (T0) and 60 min later (T60) in 442 patients given TNK-tPA and who underwent coronary angiography at 60 min. RESULTS Angiography at 60 min showed a patent IRA (TIMI flow grade 2, 3) in 344 and occluded IRA (TIMI flow grade 0, 1) in 98 patients. The median serum T60 concentration, the ratio of the T60 and T0 serum concentration (60-min ratio) and the slope of increase over 60 min for each serum marker were significantly higher in patients with patent arteries compared with patients with occluded arteries. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for diagnosis of occlusion was 0.71, 0.70 and 0.71 for the 60-min ratio of myoglobin, cTnI and CKMB, respectively. The 60-min ratios of ≥4.0 for myoglobin, ≥3.3 for CK-MB and ≥2.0 for cTnI yielded a probability of patency of 90%, 88% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic performance of serum myoglobin, CK-MB and cardiac Tropinin-I (cTnI) 60-min ratios was similar. The probability of a patent IRA was very high (90%) in patients with 60-min myoglobin ratio ≥4.0, and early invasive interventions to establish IRA patency may not be necessary in this group. Serum marker determinations at baseline and 60-min after thrombolysis may permit rapid triage of patients receiving thrombolytic therapy by ruling out IRA occlusion.
A temperature-dependent conformational change in D-amino acid oxidase and its effect on catalysis.

Abstract d-Amino acid oxidase has been shown to have a critical temperature of 12–14°. Around this temperature it has been shown that a reversible change in protein conformation occurs; the change in enthalpy of the transition has been calculated as 78,000 cal per mole. Other parameters have also been shown to change on either side of this temperature; these include sedimentation constant, ultraviolet and visible spectra, and catalytic activity. Theoretical calculations show that with very reasonable assumptions sharp breaks in Arrhenius plots are possible. It is suggested that the numerous examples in the literature of anomalous Arrhenius plots may be due to thermally induced reversible changes in protein structure.
Parasites of Ungulates in the Jackson Hole Area: Scarabaeoid Beetles Acting on Lungworm, Distyocaulus hadweni, Larvae in Elk Feces 1981

Lungworm of elk, Dictyocaulus hadweni (syn: D. viviparus) was first designated as Strongylus filaria in elk and red deer, (Blair, 1903) and lungworm was then and in 1905 reported to cause bronchopneumonia in elk. (Blair 1905). Records of lungworm in elk in Yellowstone and the Tetons were rather incomplete until Rush (1932), Mills (1936), Alderson (1951) and others listed internal parasites found in elk. It is surprising that Mills did not find D. hadweni in 100 elk taken from the Yellowstone herd. It is interesting to note that a high percentage of the elk in Teton National Park are positive for lungworm in the spring. Fewer elk are infected as the summer and fall vegetation is usually sufficiently good to allow the elk an abundance of food and a resultant physiological condition that is excellent. Perhaps elk serum proteins are somewhat low in the April-May period when the physiological "low" is reached by the elk. The lack of immunoglobulins may, in part, explain the high prevalence of lungworm infections in elk of the Tetons during early spring months.