cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Change of Milk Production with Housing System and Herd Expansion

Abstract Milk production per cow often declines following expansion of a dairy herd. In this study of 192 Minnesota herds, loss of production depended on the change in housing system and herd management during and immediately after expansion. Four housing switches were studied: 1) stanchion to tie stall, 2) loose housing to cold free stall, 3) stanchion to warm free stall, and 4) stanchion to cold free stall. Since year of new construction varied, data were adjusted to a base year with constants derived from control herds (70 stanchion and 70 loose housing herds). Deviations in production and income over feed cost following new construction then were related to yearly changes among control herds. Stanchion to tie stall herds produced 26 kg more 3.5% fat-corrected milk than control stanchion herds. Stanchion to warm or cold free stall herds produced nearly 200 kg less 3.5% fat-corrected milk than control stanchion herds. Yearly deviation in milk yield and income over feed cost did not vary significantly between changes of the four housing systems and control herds.
Tachyarrhythmia following Norwood operation: a single-center experience.

Background:The purpose of this study was to characterize tachyarrhythmias in children following the Norwood procedure.Methods:This is a single-center retrospective study including all children who ...
Nomogram for Predicting Risk of Cystectomy or Recurrence after Bladder Preserving Trimodality Therapy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Materials/Methods: From 1986 to 2009, 314 patients were managed with selective bladder preservation at MGH. Treatment consisted of maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by split course chemoradiation. Patients with a complete response at midtreatment cystoscopic assessment completed radiation, while those with a lesser response underwent a prompt cystectomy. For this analysis, BI-DFS was defined as the absence of local invasive or regional recurrence, distant metastasis, bladder cancer related death or radical cystectomy. ACox proportional hazards model was constructed using 7 clinical and treatment variables to build a prognostic nomogram estimating 5 and 10-year BI-DFS. Backward selection was employed such that only variables maintaining a p value of 0.2 or less were retained in the final model.
A Pilot Study of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Overexpression in the Brush Cytology of Patients with Malignant Pancreatic or Biliary Strictures

We have previously demonstrated that uPA is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors. In an attempt to diagnose these tumors earlier, we sought to determine whether uPA could be identified in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography obtained brushings in patients with malignant pancreatic and biliary strictures. Secondarily, uPA was measured in the serum of this patient population. uPA overexpression was identified in the cytologic tissue in 8 of 11 patients (72.7%). Serum analysis demonstrated a 2-fold higher concentration of uPA in the pancreaticobiliary cancer patients (1.27 versus 0.56 ng/mL; P = .0182). Also, uPA overexpression correlated with serum levels (P < .0001). This study confirms that uPA can be detected in the ERCP cytologically obtained tissue and is frequently present in a higher concentration in the serum of pancreaticobiliary cancer patients. A larger sample size will be required to address its value as a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of pancreatic or biliary cancers.
The effect of oversized solute additions on the microstructure of 316SS irradiated with 5 MeV Ni++ ions or 3.2 MeV protons

The effect of the oversized hafnium or platinum (0.3 at.%) solutes on the evolution of irradiated microstructure in 316SS was investigated. Irradiations were conducted with 5 MeV Ni-ions at 500 °C to doses up to 50 dpa or with 3.2 MeV protons at 400 °C to a dose of 2.5 dpa, and previous studies demonstrated that these irradiations are capable of producing similar irradiated microstructure and microchemistry relevant to LWR cores. Microstructures of 316SS, 316SS + 0.3 at.% Pt and 316SS + 0.3 at.% Hf were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The addition of Hf showed a strong effect in suppressing radiation-induced microstructure evolution; no voids were observed at doses up to 50 dpa for Ni-ion irradiation and 2.5 dpa for proton irradiation. The mean diameter of the Frank loops in the Hf-doped samples is about 40% smaller than loops in 316SS. The microstructural examinations from both types of particle irradiation revealed that for 0.3 at.% Pt addition there is no beneficial effect on irradiated microstructure. The mechanisms for the role of oversize solute additions on the microstructure evolution are discussed.
High-accuracy Optimization by Parallel Iterative Discrete Approximation and GPU Cluster Computing

High-accuracy optimization is the key component of time-sensitive applications in computer sciences such as machine learning, and we develop single-GPU Iterative Discrete Approximation Monte Carlo Optimization (IDA-MCS) and multi-GPU IDA-MCS in our previous research. However, because of the memory capability constrain of GPUs in a workstation, single-GPU IDA-MCS and multi-GPU IDA-MCS may be in low performance or even functionless for optimization problems with complicated shapes such as large number of peaks. In this paper, by the novel idea of parallelizing Iterative Discrete Approximation with CUDA-MPI programming, we develop the GPU cluster version (GPU-cluster) of IDA-MCS with two different parallelization strategies: Domain Decomposition and Local Search, under the style of Single Instruction Multiple Data by CUDA 5.5 and MPICH2, and we exhibit the performance of GPU-cluster IDA-MCS by optimizing complicated cost functions. Computational results show that, by the same number of iterations, for the cost function with millions of peaks, the accuracy of GPU-cluster IDA-MCS is approximately thousands of times higher than that of the conventional method Monte Carlo Search. Computational results also show that, the optimization accuracy from Domain Decomposition IDA-MCS is much higher than that of Local Search IDA-MCS.
The ethical implications of short-termism: Leadership failure in the executive suite

The author argues that managing to maximize short-term performance in ordinary circumstances is a failure not only of sound management practice but of moral principle. Management for the short term is largely a manifestation of self-interest which is unethical when it harms the long-term competitiveness and viability of the firm and, thus, the interests of all stakeholders but transient speculators and management itself.
EFFECT OF CO ON SURFACE OXIDATION OF URANIUM METAL

The surface reactions of uranium metal with carbon monoxide at 25 and 200 °C have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); respectively. Adsorption of carbon monoxide on the surface layer of uranium metal leads to partial reduction of surface oxide and results in U4f photoelectron peak shifting to the lower binding energy. The content of oxygen in the surface oxide is decreased and O1s/O4f ratio decreases with increasing the exposure of carbon monoxide. The investigation indicates the surface layer of uranium metal has resistance to further oxidation in the atmosphere of carbon monoxide.
Postoperative complications following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a low mortality, and planned hospital stays of less than 7 days imply a low incidence of major morbidity. We challenge this notion, having observed considerable morbidity attributable to low grade organ dysfunction; the purpose of this study was to quantify postoperative morbidity.
Optical characterization of sputtered carbon films (magnetic media overlayers)

Raman spectroscopy is nondestructive and relatively rapid and is well suited for the characterization of carbon films. The Raman spectra of a-C and a-C:H films consisting of two broad and overlapped features between 1000 and 1600 cm/sup -1/ have been obtained. Specific features in the Raman spectra are empirically correlated with the rates of specific types of mechanical wear for both hydrogenated and unhydrogenated films. This observation is interpreted in terms of a random covalent network, in which the mechanical performance of the film is determined by the nature of the bonding that links sp/sup 2/-bonded domains. >
Mod 4 Galois representations and elliptic curves

Galois representations p : G Q → GL 2 (Z/n) with cyclotomic determinant all arise from the n-torsion of elliptic curves for n = 2,3, 5. For n = 4, we show the existence of more than a million such representations which are surjective and do not arise from any elliptic curve.
Life, the universe, and the future of mobile computing

Phenomenal growth in the performance and functionality of portable electronic devices has transformed our notion of mobile computing from its roots in the early 90's. In fact, some of the advances are so remarkable that 20 years ago they would have seemed improbable; the exponential growth in the density of solid-state storage being a prime example. Looking forward, can we expect a similar leap in mobile capabilities over the next 20 years? In this presentation, I will examine the trends in processing, storage, wireless networking, displays, data-entry, sensing and battery design, trying to predict the properties of future mobile computers. In order to better understand how the evolution of mobile technology will progress, I will also consider how our lives, needs and work practices might shape the design of these systems, and provide us with powerful tools that are not only functional, but enable a richer user experience.
Nasir's Egypt and the Reemergence of the Palestinian National Movement

The post-1948 reemergence of the Palestinian national movement is generally traced to the mid1960s, specifically to the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization at the initiation of the Arab League and with the special patronage of Egyptian President Gamal 'Abd al-Nasir. However, such an analysis overlooks the fact that some Palestinian institutions continued to function during the 1948-49 period and others began to regroup shortly thereafter to address the new social and political needs of a displaced and stateless people. In addition, throughout the 1950s and early 1960s politicized Palestinians participated in the entire spectrum of political parties and movements, from the Muslim Brethren to the Arab Nationalist Movement. All of these activities, whether specifically Palestinian or more generally Arab nationalist or Islamic, should be understood as laying the groundwork for the establishment of a larger, diaspora-wide Palestinian political entity. Indeed, 1964 and the founding of the PLO may be better understood as the natural conclusion of the first chapter of the national movement's reemergence rather than as its beginning, as it is often presented. While the role of Egyptian President Gamal 'Abd al-Nasir in supporting the establishment of the PLO is acknowledged (although, at least among
Impact of soil environmental factors on rates of N2-fixation associated with roots of intact maize and sorghum plants

We have evaluated the effects of oxygen partial pressure (pO2), combined nitrogen, and the availability of organic substrates on nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by bacteria associated with the roots of intact maize and sorghum plants. We also investigated the possibility of enhancing associative nitrogen-fixation by inoculating the soil in which the plants were grown with Azospirillum. Acetylene reduction (AR) activity was greatest when roots of intact plants were exposed to pO2 between 1.3 and 2.1 kPa. Field-grown and greenhouse-grown plants supported similar levels of activity. Respiration inhibitors (2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium azide) eliminated AR activity at 2kPa O2, whereas a fermentation inhibitor (sodium fluoride) only partially reduced the activity. Acetylene reduction activity was rapidly (1–3 h) inhibited by NH4 +, NO3 -, and NO2 - at concentrations of 4–20mg N1-1. Rates of AR varied substantially among individual plants in each experiment and between experiments. Amendment with any of several organic substrates greatly increased AR activity when rates were low, suggesting that the lack of activity was caused by a shortage of available carbon in the rhizosphere. Inoculation with Azospirillum failed to increase rates of AR associated with maize plants. In several experiments the indigenous bacteria associated with uninoculated plants exhibited greater activity than the bacteria associated with inoculated plants.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Career Outcomes: The Cost of Being a Good Citizen

Existing research suggests that relationships among organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), task performance, and individual career outcomes are necessarily positive. The authors question this assumption and hypothesize that in organizations with outcome-based control systems, time spent on OCB comes at a cost to task performance. Building on this idea, the authors propose not only that time spent on task performance is more important than time spent on OCB in determining career outcomes (i.e., performance evaluation, salary increase, advancement speed, promotion) in an outcome-based control system but also that time spent on OCB may negatively impact career outcomes. Results based on archival data from 3,680 employees in a professional services firm lend some support for these ideas. Specifically, time spent on task performance was more important than OCB in determining all four career outcomes. Further, controlling for time spent on task performance, employees who spent more time on OCB had lower sal...
Strip mining for cold and platinum: Record sales and chart performance pre‐and post‐MTV

(1990). Strip mining for cold and platinum: Record sales and chart performance pre‐and post‐MTV. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 85-95.
Internal Migration, Center-State Grants, and Economic Growth in the States of India: A Reply to Rao and Sen

IN THEIR COMMENTS on our recent paper (Cashin and Sahay, 1996), Rao and Sen have concerns about several issues: our test of convergence; the sample of states included in our analysis; our measure of state disposable income; and our measure of center-state equalization payments. We respond below to each of these issues in turn. First, Rao and Sen are incorrect in asserting that the neoclassical growth model predicts absolute convergence as it, in fact, predicts conditional convergence. What drives the speed of convergence is the level of initial income for each economy relative to its own steady state level of income and steady state income growth rate. Absolute and conditional convergence are likely to be similar for regions of a given country (such as the states of India) that are reasonably homogeneous with respect to their steady state income levels and growth rates (that is, for regions that share similar preferences and technology). As to our examination of cross-state convergence, Rao and Sen seem to be unaware that the use of multiple sectoral variables to control for differential sectoral shocks (which may temporarily affect the growth performance of a state in a manner that is correlated with initial income) is common in the empirical growth literature (Barro and Sala-i-Martin, 1991, 1992, and 1995; and Sala-i-Martin, 1996a and 1996b). Notwithstanding this, Rao and Sen's comment that the share of manufacturing output may be regarded in the Indian context as a policy variable is an interesting one. If true, they are correct in asserting that this "may indicate conditional con-
The effect of a pattern in palmar interdigital II on a-b ridge count in black and white Down syndrome cases and controls.

An unconfirmed study by Fang (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of London, 1950) in Britain showed that individuals with Down syndrome had lower total a-b ridge counts in palmar Interdigital area II (ID II) than a group of controls. This study compares 603 white Down syndrome cases and 93 black Down syndrome cases with 668 white and 402 black controls. Our results confirm those of Fang in that the Down syndrome cases in both racial groups had lower total a-b ridge counts than their respective controls. In addition, the black controls and Down syndrome cases had lower a-b ridge counts than their white counterparts. The mean a-b ridge count was significantly lower in individuals with a pattern in ID II compared to individuals without a pattern in ID II in both the Down syndrome and control groups. Some of the lower a-b ridge counts in the Down syndrome samples can be accounted for by the fact that there is an increased frequency of a pattern in ID II in Down syndrome cases. Both Down syndrome and normal individuals who had a pattern unilaterally had a lower than expected a-b ridge count on the contralateral hand that did not have a pattern. There was a tendency also for increased asymmetry in Down syndrome cases with a pattern in ID II.
Reconstruction de la veine cave supérieure pour lésion bénigne avec la veine fémorale superficielle

Le syndrome de la veine cave superieure (VCS) du a une maladie benigne exige un traitement rapide et durable parce que les malades atteints ont souvent une esperance de vie longue. Alors que la gestion conservatrice avec la surelevation de la tete et l’anticoagulation est le traitement principal, des symptomes refractaires peuvent justifier une intervention. Les deux traitements invasifs principaux sont la reparation endovasculaire percutanee et la reconstruction chirurgicale a ciel ouvert. Les deux ont montre leur efficacite a moyen terme, mais la reconstruction chirurgicale est la seule methode dont la permeabilite est prouvee a long terme. Ce rapport documente le cas d’une femme de 26 ans ayant un syndrome de la VCS secondaire a un catheterisme veineux central prolonge. Un pontage de la VCS a ete fait avec la veine femorale superficielle, et la resolution presque complete des symptomes s’est produite en une semaine. La veine femorale superficielle est un conduit souple pour la reconstruction de la VCS et une alternative utile aux greffes de veine saphene spiralee, meme si la permeabilite a moyen et a long termes doit en etre encore etudiee.
INTERACTION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE IN CHICK OVIDUCT DEVELOPMENT III. Tubular Gland Cell Cytodifferentiation

Administration of estrogen (E) to immature chicks triggers the cytodifferentiation of tubular gland cells in the magnum portion of the oviduct epithelium; these cells synthesize the major egg-white protein, ovalbumin. Electron microscopy and immunoprecipitation of ovalbumin from oviduct explants labeled with radioactive amino acids in tissue culture were used to follow and measure the degree of tubular gland cell cytodifferentiation. Ovalbumin is undetectable in the unstimulated chick oviduct and in oviducts of chicks treated with progesterone (P) for up to 5 days. Ovalbumin synthesis is first detected 24 hr after E administration, and by 5 days it accounts for 35% of the soluble protein being synthesized. Tubular gland cells begin to synthesize ovalbumin before gland formation which commences after 36 hr of E treatment. When E + P are administered together there is initially a synergistic effect on ovalbumin synthesis, however, after 2 days ovalbumin synthesis slows and by 5 days there is only 1/20th as much ovalbumin per magnum as in the E-treated controls. Whereas the magnum wet weight doubles about every 21 hr with E alone, growth stops after 3 days of E + P treatment. Histological and ultrastructural observations show that the partially differentiated tubular gland cells resulting from E + P treatment never invade the stroma and form definitive glands, as they would with E alone. Instead, these cells appear to transform into other cell types—some with cilia and some with unusual flocculent granules. We present a model of tubular gland cell cytodifferentiation and suggest that a distinct protodifferentiated stage exists. P appears to interfere with the normal transition from the protodifferentiated state to the mature tubular gland cell.
Hippocampal control of behavioral arousal: Duration of lesion effects and possible interactions with recovery after frontal cortical damage

Abstract The effects of gross hippocampal aspiration were compared with those of frontal cortical lesions on wheel running and generalized activity of rats during control and arousal conditions. The rate of recovery of these functions was then measured in animals with hippocampal lesions or with combined hippocampal and frontal lesions. From these studies, it appears that the hippocampus shares arousal control functions with frontal cortex, that it is partially responsible for the recovery that has been reported to occur after frontal lesions, but does not itself recover after damage.
Hofmeister salt effects on surface tension arise from partitioning of anions and cations between bulk water and the air-water interface.

We apply a recently developed surface-bulk partitioning model to interpret the effects of individual Hofmeister cations and anions on the surface tension of water. The most surface-excluded salt (Na2SO4) provides a minimum estimate for the number of water molecules per unit area of the surface region of 0.2 H2O A-2. This corresponds to a lower bound thickness of the surface region of ∼6 A, which we assume is a property of this region and not of the salt investigated. At salt concentrations ≲1 m, single-ion partition coefficients Kp,i, defined relative to Kp,Na+ = Kp,SO42− = 0, are found to be independent of bulk salt concentration and additive for different salt ions. Semiquantitative agreement with surface-sensitive spectroscopy data and molecular dynamics simulations is attained. In most cases, the rank orders of Kp,i for both anions and cations follow the conventional Hofmeister series, qualitative rankings of ions based on their effects on protein processes (folding, precipitation, assembly). Most ani...
Unintentional secondary exogenous corticosteroid exposure and central serous chorioretinopathy

The purpose of this study is to describe a possible association between unintentional secondary exogenous corticosteroid exposure and central serous chorioretinpathy (CSCR). A retrospective review of three patients diagnosed with CSCR in one or both eyes and a history of possible unintentional secondary corticosteroid exposure. Clinical history, exam findings, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and clinical course were reviewed. Three patients, who did not use corticosteroids, reported suspected unintentional secondary corticosteroid exposure from living with family members or partners using dermatologic corticosteroid cream and/or inhalers frequently. Two of the three patients had a history of recurrent CSCR, one patient involving both eyes. After taking precautions to avoid secondary corticosteroid exposure, all three patients had complete resolution of CSCR without further recurrence during follow-up ranging from 2 to 4 years. Patients with CSCR should be queried for both primary and possible unintentional secondary routes of corticosteroid exposure, which may contribute to this condition.
Characterization of CO2 Injection into Deep Saline Aquifers Using Two-Phase Darcy-Forchheimer Flow

AbstractIn this study the generalized Darcy-Forchheimer model is used to characterize two-phase fluid flow where spatial flow characteristics may transition between Darcy and Forchheimer flow behavior. The local transition between the two flow regimes is characterized using the Forchheimer number as the criterion. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed that utilizes a control-volume method to simulate two-phase inertial, immiscible, and incompressible flow in a nondeformable homogeneous porous medium. The numerical model is validated by comparing its results with those obtained using a semianalytical solution of the Buckley-Leverett problem. The critical Forchheimer number is characterized using experimental data and is used to transition the local flow domain between Darcy and Forchheimer flow regions for both single-phase and multiphase analysis. The saturation-dependent distribution of the critical Forchheimer number is then used to analyze the Darcy and Forchheimer flow regions to provide a ...
Cool water's suppression of water intake: Persistence across deprivation conditions, ages, sexes, and osmolarities ☆

Abstract When their 20 min/day water is cool, 23 2/3 hr water deprived adult female rats drink less than they do on days when their water is warm. This cool water suppression of water intake replicates for ad lib (24 hr) water availability, but only if the water's temperature is changed daily. There is no suppression if the water's temperature is changed only weekly. This unexpected difference replicates in weanlings. Cool water also suppresses water intake in brief daily tests in male rats, and suppresses whether or not food is present during the daily drinking test. Finally, osmotic manipulations indicate that these water temperature effects do not relate exclusively to either osmotic or volemic aspects of thirst.
Preconceptions and reconceptions in the administration of science

. Despite the rise in the importance of science as a daily concern of modern man, until recently factors affecting the conduct of scientific research have not been objectively studied. We found that over 80% of the publications from 1950 to 1961 dealing with the administration of research were based on speculation rather than on objective evidence. These speculative publications, for the most part, tended to reinforce, rather than to critically examine, prevalent conceptions of science and its administration. One of the most entrenched of these conceptions is the importance ascribed to the differences between basic and applied research. It is my contention that the dichotomy, basic and applied (and such related dichotomies as limited and fundamental, theoretical and action, etc.), hinders rather than advances our knowledge of the relationship between organizational structure and scientific accomplishment. The distinction between basic and applied research is not directly related to the research process and therefore can only be of limited value in research administration. Further, the mystique around the terms ‘basic’ and ‘applied’ appears to have led to patterns of research administration based on misconceptions rather than on knowledge. Two other distinctions, urgency and predictability of the research, are suggested as more viable distinctions than the basic-applied dichotomy. Using recent research findings from small group research and the sociology of science, we have attempted to show how these distinctions can serve as guidelines in the administration of science.
H3O+/CI− ion pairing in hydrothermal solutions by simulation and electrical conductance. A review

Abstract The H 3 O + …Cl − pair association is studied by molecular simulation and conductance measurements over a wide range of state conditions. The overall ion-pair association constants and equilibrium constants between contact and solvent-shared ion-pair configurations indicate that more than 97% of configurations are contact ion-pairs. The adequacy of some simple, fully-electrostatic models to represent ion-pair association behavior in high temperature aqueous solutions is also discussed.
Recurrent Supraglottic Pyogenic Granuloma, Treated with Excision and Topical Mitomycin C

A 35 year old male was referred to our institution with symptoms of a muffled voice and a foreign body sensation in his throat. The patient had been evaluated at an outside facility six months previously for similar symptoms and a mass was identified on the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis. The patient was treated at the outside facility with removal of the mass via suspension microlaryngoscopy and cold instrumentation. The surgeon reported a pedunculated lesion on a narrow pedicle. Pathology revealed granulation tissue. The patient’s symptoms resolved, but returned four months later. Transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy at our center showed a mass originating from the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis obstructing the view of the patient’s endolaryngeal airway (Figure 1).
Materials science. Polymers all in a row.

Optical and electronic devices made from conducting polymers would be cheaper than silicon technology. Using hybrid materials, such as polymer and silica composites, could lead to high-performance devices.
Drugs, delinquency and "nerds": are loners deviant?

Many studies have focused on the influence of peers on delinquency and drug use. But what about adolescents who are not part of the peer culture—the loners, or nerds? This study focuses on drug use...
Flow Resistance of Expiratory Positive-Pressure Systems

We measured the flow-resistance of five commercially available 10 cm H 2 O expiratory positive-pressure (EPP) valves (n = five per valve type) at bias flows of between 0 and 2,000 ml/s. We found that individual valves of each type and manufacturer functioned similarly. Different valve types, however, functioned differently: with one type, system pressure was higher than rated (p 2 O. We conclude that system pressure is not similar in all continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) systems using bias flow and EPP valves. The work of breathing imposed by CPAP circuits will be increased in systems whose EPP valves have flow-dependent properties. (Chest 1988;94:788-91)
Elemental mercury oxidation in an electrostatic precipitator enhanced with in situ soft X-ray irradiation.

Corona discharge based techniques are promising approaches for oxidizing elemental mercury (Hg0) in flue gas from coal combustion. In this study, in-situ soft X-rays were coupled to a DC (direct current) corona-based electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The soft X-rays significantly enhanced Hg0 oxidation, due to generation of electrons from photoionization of gas molecules and the ESP electrodes. This coupling technique worked better in the positive corona discharge mode because more electrons were in the high energy region near the electrode. Detailed mechanisms of Hg0 oxidation are proposed and discussed based on ozone generation measurements and Hg0 oxidation behavior observations in single gas environments (O2, N2, and CO2). The effect of O2 concentration in flue gas, as well as the effects of particles (SiO2, TiO2, and KI) was also evaluated. In addition, the performance of a soft X-rays coupled ESP in Hg0 oxidations was investigated in a lab-scale coal combustion system. With the ESP voltage at +10 kV...
Configuring Workload Manager Control Parameters for Resource Pools

Resource pools are computing environments that offer virtualized access to shared resources. When used effectively they can align the use of capacity with business needs (flexibility), lower infrastructure costs (via resource sharing), and lower operating costs (via automation). Using resources effectively can rely on a combination of workload placement and workload management technologies. Workload placement decides which workloads will share resources. Workload management governs short term access to resource capacity. It provides performance isolation within resource pools to ensure resource sharing even under high loads. A workload manager can have a direct impact both on an application's overall resource access quality of service and on the number of workloads that can be assigned to a pool. In this paper we take a detailed look at an application workload's demands. We explore tradeoffs in resource access quality of service received by the application and the minimum allocation of resources for the workload. We show that by careful selection of workload scheduling parameters along with a proposed fast allocation policy we can sometimes more than triple the number of workloads that can be assigned to a pool without sacrificing application workload quality of service or the efficiency of the resource pool.
The cohomology of split extensions of elementary abelian 2-groups and Totaro's example

Abstract In a previous paper we derived an expression for the differentials in the Lyndon–Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence of a split extension G=H ⋊ Q of finite groups with coefficients in a field. Here we apply that result to the case where H and Q are elementary abelian 2 -groups and char k=2 . We then work out a special case, in which H has rank 4 and Q has rank 2 , from a class of examples constructed by Burt Totaro. Totaro proved that the spectral sequence arising from this extension could not collapse, but using our methods we are able to obtain complete information on the spectral sequence.
Gustavo Juan Franceschi and the Jews: The Overcoming of Prejudice by an Argentine Prelate

This article seeks to demonstrate how Monsignor GustavoJuan Franceschi (1871-1957) became a friend of the newly created state of Israel when only twenty years earlier he had maintained that Jews constituted Argentina's major political problem. This intellectual transformation will be traced through a consideration of Franceschi's writings about the Jews. As a prominent member of the Catholic church and a strong advocate of Argentine nationalism, his views also reflected the generally ambivalent and suspicious attitude which that powerful institution held regarding Jews. However, following the devastation of European Jewry during World War II and the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, Franceschi's opinion of Jews moderated, resulting in greater understanding. Before presenting Franceschi's views, a consideration of Argentine Catholic nationalism will be provided in order to place these opinions within a proper context.
Quantum well nanomechanical actuators with atomic vertical resolution

A novel continuously tunable vertical actuator with sub-nanometer resolution is presented. It consists of a heterostructure cantilever which has collapsed over a 125 nm thick nanogap. Its operating principle relies on the temperature dependence of the adhesion energy between two InGaAs surface quantum well surfaces. Deflections from -17 nm to 5 nm with a precision better than three atomic layers have been measured.
Relationships Between the Banks Grass Mite (Acariformes: Tetranychidae) and Physiological Changes of Maturing Grain Sorghum

Studies to examine the relationship between Banks grass mite densities and physiological changes of maturing sorghum plants were conducted. Cytoplasmic male-sterile and male-sterile-producing sorghum lines were used to create different levels of leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbohydrates by manipulating seed set. Higher nitrogen and carbohydrate concentrations were present in sterile plants, whereas phosphorous levels were influenced more by sorghum variety. Only soluble sugar concentration was significantly related to mite densities throughout the grain filling period, with carbohydrates having a negative influence on the mites. Spider mite response to nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were dependent upon plant phenology.
Hypermediated telepresence: Sensemaking aesthetics of the newest communication art

Using the theoretical perspective and method of contextual media aesthetics, this work synthesizes and proposes a coherent set of aesthetic principles of particular relevance to understanding and investigating the sensory world created by hypermedia expressions. It advocates application of these principles in criticism and theory of hypermedia. In isolating six perceptual qualities as formal features of this medium, it discusses their sensemaking functions in terms of creating a sense of presence or immersion in a mediated environment.
Discussion: Demographic and Social Dimensions of Rural Economic Policy

the average age is low, there is a stronger case for measures to stimulate the local economy to take advantage of a highly elastic supply of labor. I have been very sympathetic to this position in the past and my own work reflects this bias. Nevertheless, in all fairness, we should recognize that there may be insurmountable obstacles to successful local development despite the favorable labor supply situation. Skilled labor and management may be in very short supply, access to markets and materials may be very poor, and social services may be of very inferior quality. The point is, however, that we should not rest the case for public intervention on these grounds. The inescapable social responsibility is to assure the healthy development of the human resources which emanate from these high fertility areas. If it can be accomplished via economic development, fine. If not, it must be managed in some other way. We can ignore these areas in which substantial numbers of young people are growing up only at our national peril. The other point has to do with the implications of these findings for the "urban crisis". We can draw some comfort from what appears to be a retardation in rural to urban migration and the continued viability of small towns. But not too much. Our major urban centers no longer require heavy inmigration to generate the kind of absolute growth which raises serious questions about their economic efficiency and their social stability. The urban problem is here and will not go away even if rural to urban migration ceases altogether. Moreover, given the high fertility rates of Southern Negroes and other rural ethnic concentrations, there is no reason to expect a complete cessation of precisely that kind of migration which has given the urban crisis its most pressing dimension.
A PC program for classification into one of several groups on the basis of longitudinal data

A stand-alone, menu-driven PC program, ZCLASS, written in GAUSS386i, for classifying subjects into one of several distinct, existing groups on the basis of longitudinal data is described, illustrated, and made available to interested readers. The program accepts data from studies where common times of measurement are planned, but missing data are accommodated in that one or more measurement sequences may be incomplete.
A Geometrically Nonlinear Model for Laminated Composite Strips With Extension-Twist Coupling in the Presence of Delamination

A geometrically nonlinear analysis for the extension-twist coupling in pretwisted laminated composite strips in the presence of delamination is developed. Closed,form solutions for strips with internal and edge delaminations are obtained. A parametric study is performed to investigate the influence of delamination length, material ystem, and stacking sequence on the extension-twist coupling in a class of hygrothermally stable laminate The model predictions are in good agreement with test data. The results indicate that internal delamination has a negligible influence on the extension-twist coupling behavior while free-edge delamination could result in a significant drop in coupling.
National Certification: Evidence of a Professional School Counselor?:

National certification and the professionalism of school counselors are becoming more salient, particularly as a result of the No Child Left Behind Act. Archival data were used to examine the relationship between preparation at programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) and national certification for school counselors. Significantly more individuals who obtained the National Certified Counselor credential were graduates of CACREPaccredited programs while the majority of school counselors who obtained the National Certified School Counselor credential were graduates of non-accredited programs. Implications for school counselors are examined.
Dendritisch eingeschlossene aktive Zentren: Anwendung des Isolationsprinzips der Natur in der Biomimetik und den Materialwissenschaften

Unser gestiegenes Verstandnis der Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen einiger ausgewahlter Biomakromolekule hat – zusammen mit unseren verbesserten Fertigkeiten, Makromolekule mit einer strukturellen Genauigkeit, die der der Proteine nahekommt, herzustellen – den Horizont zu einem neuen Forschungsbereich geoffnet, der die Chemie und die Materialwissenschaften mit der Biologie verbindet. Wahrend die Natur im Laufe der Evolution kontinuierlich Prozesse wie Energietransfer oder Katalyse durch Selbstreplikations- und Reparaturfunktionen vervollkommnen konnte, hangen die Zuganglichkeit und der Nutzen synthetischer Makromolekule in erster Linie von unserem praparativen Konnen und von unserer Fahigkeit ab, Struktur und Funktion in unserem Design miteinander zu verbinden. So konnen wir Nutzen aus unserem Verstandnis der naturlichen Systeme ziehen, um strukturelle Charakteristika nachzuahmen und Funktionen zu optimieren. Um Eigenschaften zu realisieren, die im nichtorganisierten isotropen Zustand (bulk) unerreichbar waren, nutzen zahlreiche biologische Systeme das Isolationskonzept, bei dem ein aktives Zentrum oder eine katalytisch aktive Stelle innerhalb eines Proteins eingekapselt wird. Diesem Konzept folgend wurde die Fahigkeit dendritischer Hullen, funktionelle Zentren einzuschliesen und so spezifische, isolierte Nanoumgebungen zu schaffen, die die molekularen Eigenschaften des Zentrums beeinflussen, intensiv erforscht. Unter Nutzung der besonderen Eigenschaften der Dendrimerarchitektur wurden aktive Zentren mit photophysikalischen, photochemischen, elektrochemischen oder katalytischen Eigenschaften im Mittelpunkt des Dendrimers (als Dendrimerkern) platziert. Eine solche Anwendung des Isolationskonzeptes auf Probleme in der Materialforschung ist auf lange Sicht sehr viel versprechend, und bereits heute zeichnen sich erste Anwendungen u. a. beim Design verbesserter, optoelektronischer Bauelemente ab. Dieser Aufsatz konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung dieses naturlichen Designprinzips, das wesentlich dazu beitragt, die Lucke zwischen zwei historisch so unterschiedlichen Disziplinen wie der Biologie und den Materialwissenschaften zu schliesen. Aktuelle Fortschritte sowohl in der Synthese von dendritisch eingekapselten Molekulen als auch in der Untersuchung ihrer Eigenschaften mit Hilfe einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Methoden werden behandelt. Aus diesen Studien ergeben sich Erkenntnisse fur viele Anwendungen, die vom Design kunstlicher Enzyme und Katalysatoren sowie supermolekularer Lichtsammelsysteme bis hin zum Aufbau von isolierten molekularen Drahten, Leuchtdioden und Glasfaseroptiken reichen.
Belongingness and the Harlem drummers

In this article, I analyze a recent conflict over drumming in a Harlem park to understand the ways in which cultural and racial symbols are employed in negotiations of space within cities. Specifically, I argue that racial belongingness—a racialized claim to space that exists outside of property rights and demarcated through iconography—can be used to both resist and facilitate gentrification in urban locales. The Harlem case illustrates how racial belongingness functions as a device that allows groups to contest power, representation, and access to public space across temporal, physical, and aural boundaries. Thus, I look closely at the city as a canvas and stage upon which passive forms of communication manifest in a racially and culturally coded fashion. Additionally, I argue that contemporary public space discourse is overly preoccupied with class, often neglecting the significance of race in the constitution and experience of urban space.
Regimented and lifestyle restraint in binge eating disorder

Objective: This study tested the psychometric properties of two commonly used measures of dietary restraint, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Method: Restraint data from 512 overweight/obese participants with binge eating disorder (BED) were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: Factor analyses of the restraint variables indicated a two-factor solution, interpreted as “Regimented” and “Lifestyle” restraint. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that Regimented restraint was more predictive of eating pathology, whereas Lifestyle restraint appeared to be protective of eating problems. Neither type of restraint was related to binge eating. Cluster analysis of the restraint dimensions yielded three distinct subgroups of patients who differed significantly on several important eating- and weight-related features. Discussion: Future research is needed to test the significance of these restraint constructs over time in both the development of obesity and binge eating problems as well as their treatment. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Consistent changes in intracranial pressure waveform morphology induced by acute hypercapnic cerebral vasodilatation.

Background Intracranial pressure (ICP) remains a pivotal physiological signal for managing brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients in neurocritical care units. Given the vascular origin of the ICP, changes in ICP waveform morphology could be used to infer cerebrovascular changes. Clinical validation of this association in the setting of brain trauma, and SAH is challenging due to the multi-factorial influences on, and uncertainty of, the state of the cerebral vasculature.
Right ventricular function and high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation during coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract The hemodynamic and respiratory consequences of two modes of ventilation, conventional intermittent positive-pressure ventilation with a frequency of 10 cycles/min and high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation at 70 cycles/min were investigated before and after cardiopulmonary bypass in 6 patients having coronary artery bypass grafting. All patients were adequately ventilated with each mode. During prebypass and postbypass periods, the group with high-frequency ventilation had significantly lower peak airway pressures ( p = 0.0001) and mean airway pressure ( p
Petascale WRF simulation of hurricane Sandy deployment of NCSA's cray XE6 blue waters

The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been employed on the largest yet storm prediction model using real data of over 4 billion points to simulate the landfall of Hurricane Sandy. Using an unprecedented 13,680 nodes (437,760 cores) of the Cray XE6 "Blue Waters" at NCSA at the University of Illinois, researchers achieved a sustained rate of 285 Tflops while simulating an 18-hour forecast. A grid of size 9120x9216x48 (1.4Tbytes of input) was used, with horizontal resolution of 500 meters and a 2-second time step. 86 Gbytes of forecast data was written every 6 forecast hours at a rate of up to 2 Gbytes/second and collaboratively post-processed and displayed using the Vapor suite at NCAR. Opportunities to enhance scalability in the source code, run-time, and operating system realms were exploited. The output of this numerical model is now under study for model validation.
A Redshift Survey of IRAS Galaxies. III. Reconstruction of the Velocity and Density Fields in N-Body Model Universes

N-body simulations of a 'cold dark matter' universe are presently used to calibrate the accuracy, and assess the limitations, of the procedure previously employed to predict the velocity field within 8000 km/sec of the Local Group through the application of linear gravitational theory to a full-sky, flux-limited sample of IRAS galaxies. The rms difference between the one-dimensional acceleration and velocity of field particles is an increasing function of local density; linear theory can in this way account for all but one-sixth of kinetic energy. A series of artificial IRAS catalogs closely matching the real sample in space density and clustering amplitude is constructed. Velocity correlation functions are used to demonstrate that the predicted velocity fields are in good agreement with the true velocity fields on large scales.