cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterotopic vs Heterotropic

To the Editor: Question 6 of the Self-Assessment Quiz on Spinal Cord Injury (Phys Ther, July 1982) mentions “heterotropic bone formation.” I bring to the attention of the editors of Physical Therapy the correct term—heterotopic. Though it may have been a typographical error, I hope correction will be conveyed to readers, as even in conversation I have heard the wrong term used. According to Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary , heterotopic means “occurring at an abnormal place or upon the wrong part of the body.” “Heterotropic” is not found in Dorland's or, for that matter, in any dictionary I consulted. The closest words are heterotropia—“failure of the visual axes to remain parallel when fusion is a possibility,” and heterotrophic—“not self-sustaining; said of organisms which require a reduced form of carbon for energy and synthesis.”
Deferred Tax Accounting Under SFAS No. 109: An Empirical Investigation of its Incremental Value-relevance Relative to APB No. 11

This study investigates whether the net deferred tax liabilities disclosed under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes" (SFAS No. 109) provides additional value-relevant information over the disclosure required by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 11, "Accounting for Incomes Taxes" (APB No. 11). Evidence suggests that SFAS No. 109 data represent value-relevant information above and beyond APB No. 11. Additionally, evidence indicates that the changes made by SFAS No. 109 - the separate recognition of deferred tax assets, the creation of valuation allowances for deferred tax assets and the adjustment of deferred tax accounts for enacted tax rate changes - each provide value-relevant firm data. These results suggest that SFAS No. 109 increased the value-relevance of deferred tax amounts in financial statements.
Extension des capacités du CASL : point d’étape

Le CASL (Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors ) a ajoute des capacites de modelisation et de simulation directement applicables aux reacteurs a eau pressurisee dans les domaines du transport du rayonnement, de la thermo-hydraulique, de la thermomecanique et de la chimie de surface du combustible, rassemblees dans VERA (Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications ). Etant donne le nombre de plateformes de calcul ciblees, allant de vastes technopoles a des ordinateurs haute performance a la pointe de la technologie, il s’est avere necessaire de disposer d’au moins deux modeles de simulation dans chaque domaine physique, certains etant dimensionnels, par exemple 2D ou 3D, et d’autres physiques, par exemple l’approche par sous-canal ou la CFD (computational fluid dynamics ). A ce jour, on a mis au point un simulateur de coeur haute resolution, caracterise par un transport du rayonnement base sur la theorie multigroupe, un appauvrissement isotopique detaille, la thermo-hydraulique de sous-canal, et, facultativement, la thermomecanique du combustible, chacun de ces composants physiques etant en cours de developpement. Des capacites de transfert de solutions, des solveurs iteratifs et des algorithmes de resolutions paralleles ont ete mises en oeuvre pour venir etayer VERA et ses composants. Une simulation monophase avec le modele CFD a egalement ete integree separement a une modelisation de la chimie de surface du combustible pour ameliorer la representation des performances thermiques et de depots de bore dans la couche de CRUD. Presque tous les modeles utilisent des bibliotheques tierces qui fournissent des solveurs lineaires et non lineaires permettant de tirer profit des avancees realisees ailleurs.
Antibiotic-Induced Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Alter Secondary Bile Acid Production and Allow for Clostridium difficile Spore Germination and Outgrowth in the Large Intestine.

ABSTRACT It is hypothesized that the depletion of microbial members responsible for converting primary bile acids into secondary bile acids reduces resistance to Clostridium difficile colonization. To date, inhibition of C. difficile growth by secondary bile acids has only been shown in vitro. Using targeted bile acid metabolomics, we sought to define the physiologically relevant concentrations of primary and secondary bile acids present in the murine small and large intestinal tracts and how these impact C. difficile dynamics. We treated mice with a variety of antibiotics to create distinct microbial and metabolic (bile acid) environments and directly tested their ability to support or inhibit C. difficile spore germination and outgrowth ex vivo. Susceptibility to C. difficile in the large intestine was observed only after specific broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment (cefoperazone, clindamycin, and vancomycin) and was accompanied by a significant loss of secondary bile acids (deoxycholate, lithocholate, ursodeoxycholate, hyodeoxycholate, and ω-muricholate). These changes were correlated to the loss of specific microbiota community members, the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families. Additionally, physiological concentrations of secondary bile acids present during C. difficile resistance were able to inhibit spore germination and outgrowth in vitro. Interestingly, we observed that C. difficile spore germination and outgrowth were supported constantly in murine small intestinal content regardless of antibiotic perturbation, suggesting that targeting growth of C. difficile will prove most important for future therapeutics and that antibiotic-related changes are organ specific. Understanding how the gut microbiota regulates bile acids throughout the intestine will aid the development of future therapies for C. difficile infection and other metabolically relevant disorders such as obesity and diabetes. IMPORTANCE Antibiotics alter the gastrointestinal microbiota, allowing for Clostridium difficile infection, which is a significant public health problem. Changes in the structure of the gut microbiota alter the metabolome, specifically the production of secondary bile acids. Specific bile acids are able to initiate C. difficile spore germination and also inhibit C. difficile growth in vitro, although no study to date has defined physiologically relevant bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we define the bile acids C. difficile spores encounter in the small and large intestines before and after various antibiotic treatments. Antibiotics that alter the gut microbiota and deplete secondary bile acid production allow C. difficile colonization, representing a mechanism of colonization resistance. Multiple secondary bile acids in the large intestine were able to inhibit C. difficile spore germination and growth at physiological concentrations and represent new targets to combat C. difficile in the large intestine.
Land-use efficiency of big solar.

As utility-scale solar energy (USSE) systems increase in size and numbers globally, there is a growing interest in understanding environmental interactions between solar energy development and land-use decisions. Maximizing the efficient use of land for USSE is one of the major challenges in realizing the full potential of solar energy; however, the land-use efficiency (LUE; Wm–2) of USSE remains ambiguous. We quantified the capacity-based LUE of 183 USSE installations (>20 MW; planned, under construction, and operating) using California as a case study. In California, USSE installations are concentrated in the Central Valley and interior regions of southern California and have a LUE of 35.0 Wm–2. The installations occupy approximately 86 000 ha and more land is allocated for photovoltaic schemes (72 294 ha) than for concentrating solar power (13 604 ha). Photovoltaic installations are greater in abundance (93%) than concentrating solar power, but technology type and nameplate capacity has no impact on ca...
Periodicity determination of lacustrine cycles from the Devonian of Northern Scotland

Synopsis The Middle Old Red Sandstone (mid Devonian) of the Orcadian Basin in northern Scotland is composed predominantly of cyclic lacustrine deposits. The cyclicity recorded reflects regular fluctuations in lake levels that have been attributed to climatic variability resulting from regular variations in the Earth9s orbital parameters (Milankovitch cycles). However, previous estimates and calculations of the periodicities of these events have produced highly variable results, and no consistent approach has emerged. Variability in the estimated thicknesses of the sequences and regular revisions of the Devonian timescale, combined with poorly defined absolute dating of stratigraphic boundaries, have hindered accurate calculations of cycle periodicities. This study reviews the factors involved in the calculation of published periodicities for the lacustrine cycles of the Orcadian Basin and considers the effect of recent revisions to the Devonian timescale and stratigraphic thicknesses. When considered alongside detailed examination of well exposed sections from Easter Ross, Caithness and Orkney, the calculation of cycle periodicities provides consistent results reflecting the dominance of Precessional (19 886 years) and modulating Eccentricity (100 000 years) cycles calculated for the Devonian.
Application of virtual training technique to oil industry

In this paper, the application of virtual training technique to oil industry is introduced in detail, and the composition of the virtual training system is analyzed. OpenGVS and MultiGen are selected as virtual training system development platform after three virtual reality softwares are compared. And the whole system realization from the scene modeling to the scene driving is discussed particularly.
A DISCUSSION ON FROST HEAVE FORCE ACTING ON TUNNEL LINING

Some measures amy be used to provide frost protection for tunnel constructed in severe cold regions.Drainage systems for preventing groundwater accumulating and thermal insulated panels are often used.Even though,in most cases frost heave force acting on tunnel lining still appears obviously.It usually causes lining deformed,cracked and broken.On base of tracing on mechanism and characteristics of frost heave force,different models for calculating it in case of rock and soil surrounding ground are adopted respectively.
The use of antimicrobial agents.

An antibacterial agent should be given only when there are proper and sufficient indications. The potential benefit must be sufficient to warrant whatever potential hazard may exist. The agent should be chosen on the basis of its known mechanisms of action and its specificity, as determined by culture and specificity testing. This article also discusses the time, dosage, route of administration, and duration of treatment as well as systemic and local host resistance factors.
Time-domain comparisons of power law attenuation in causal and noncausal time-fractional wave equations

The attenuation of ultrasound propagating in human tissue follows a power law with respect to frequency that is modeled by several different causal and noncausal fractional partial differential equations. To demonstrate some of the similarities and differences that are observed in three related time-fractional partial differential equations, time-domain Green's functions are calculated numerically for the power law wave equation, the Szabo wave equation, and for the Caputo wave equation. These Green's functions are evaluated for water with a power law exponent of y = 2, breast with a power law exponent of y = 1.5, and liver with a power law exponent of y = 1.139. Simulation results show that the noncausal features of the numerically calculated time-domain response are only evident very close to the source and that these causal and noncausal time-domain Green's functions converge to the same result away from the source. When noncausal time-domain Green's functions are convolved with a short pulse, no evidence of noncausal behavior remains in the time-domain, which suggests that these causal and noncausal time-fractional models are equally effective for these numerical calculations.
When Politicians Attack: With Enemies Like These

What we need is harmonious, consistent, responsible party government, instead of a wide dispersion of function and responsibility; and we can get it only by connecting the President as closely as may be with his party in Congress. – Woodrow Wilson Keep your friends close, and your enemies even closer. – Michael Corleone, The Godfather: Part II INTRODUCTION: BEWARE OF CHARGING RINOS In January 2001, Republicans were perceived as being in an excellent strategic position as they took over the reins of power. Despite losing the popular vote for the presidency and having to endure a protracted vote dispute in Florida, Republicans had emerged with the presidency, a tiny majority in the House, and – by virtue of Vice President Dick Cheney's tiebreaking vote – nominal control of the evenly divided Senate. Despite his party's razor-thin control of the legislative branch, by most accounts, President George W. Bush came out of the gates quickly and benefited from substantial early successes in governing. Democrats, in particular, seemed to resent the comparatively smooth sailing that Bush and the Republicans enjoyed early in their unified government. According to critics within the Democratic Party at the time, congressional Democrats “essentially rolled over and are letting Bush have his way. They don't believe Democrats have a real strategy for taking the guy on.” However, Democrats soon received support from an unexpected source: Bush's fellow Republicans.
A Case Study and Cautionary Tale: Climate Policy

The climate policy debate is a prime illustration of the limitations of purely materialist economic analysis. Even though the climate issue has been couched largely in economic terms, economic arguments have not been sufficient to bring about a consensus. The Kyoto Protocol is winding down without any successor agreement. Kyoto itself has been a failure — the most significant signatories have not fulfilled the commitments agreed to under it, the United States never acceded to the treaty, and the largest rapidly developing countries such as China and India have not agreed to any specific emissions reductions.1
A Triad of Highly Reduced, Linear Iron Nitrosyl Complexes: {FeNO}^(8-10)

Given the importance of Fe–NO complexes in both human biology and the global nitrogen cycle, there has been interest in understanding their diverse electronic structures. Herein a redox series of isolable iron nitrosyl complexes stabilized by a tris(phosphine)borane (TPB) ligand is described. These structurally characterized iron nitrosyl complexes reside in the following highly reduced Enemark–Feltham numbers: {FeNO}^8, {FeNO}^9, and {FeNO}^(10). These {FeNO}^(8–10) compounds are each low-spin, and feature linear yet strongly activated nitric oxide ligands. Use of Mossbauer, EPR, NMR, UV/Vis, and IR spectroscopy, in conjunction with DFT calculations, provides insight into the electronic structures of this uncommon redox series of iron nitrosyl complexes. In particular, the data collectively suggest that {TPBFeNO}^(8–10) are all remarkably covalent. This covalency is likely responsible for the stability of this system across three highly reduced redox states that correlate with unusually high Enemark–Feltham numbers.
Young’s modulus and thermophysical performances of bio-sourced materials based on date palm fibers

Abstract The present work is a part of a large project aimed at design and development of new composite materials containing date palm fibers (DPF) primarily suitable for thermal insulation in various sectors, especially in the building sector. On one hand, porosity (P) and Young’s modulus (E) of gypsum based composites reinforced with DPF were investigated. On other hand, thermal resistance and time lag of composites were also studied. The results showed that E of DPF reinforced gypsum materials is mainly affected by the interfacial adhesion between matrix and DPF. The effect of DPF sizes and loadings is highly significant on the stiffness of gypsum. It’s noted that the adding of DPF on gypsum induces an increase of both time lag and thermal resistance of composites. This new biocomposite can be used as a raw material for reinforcement gypsum materials in order to produce a friendly biocomposite materials to use for thermal insulation in buildings.
Enhanced Adherence of Sickle Erythrocytes to Thrombin-Treated Endothelial Cells Involves Interendothelial Cell Gap Formation

The adherence of sickle erythrocytes to vascular endothelium has the capacity to initiate vasoocclusion. The known effects of thrombin on endothelial cell function and the increased activity of thrombin in sickle cell disease led us to examine the effect of thrombin on the adhesivity of cultured endothelial cells for sickle erythrocytes. In particular, we studied whether the effect of thrombin on interendothelial cell gap formation (ICGF) was involved in endothelial cell adhesivity for sickle erythrocytes. Those endothelial cell monolayers stimulated by thrombin to maximal levels of static sickle erythrocyte adherence also underwent striking cell contraction and enlargement of interendothelial cell gaps. Adhesivity also increased when gaps were induced with antilaminin antibodies or EDTA. Maximally adhesogenic thrombin conditions failed to increase adhesivity when gap formation was prevented by pretreatment of the monolayers with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (bromo-cAMP) or glutaraldehyde, agents that respectively inhibit actin-myosin-dependent cell contraction or cross-link adjacent cells in the monolayer. The influence of these two agents on EDTA-enhanced adhesivity was linked to their ability to prevent gap formation. Glutaraldehyde prevented both increased adherence and gap formation; bromo-cAMP prevented neither. Interendothelial cell gap formation may contribute to vasoocclusion by facilitating sickle erythrocyte adherence.
Cancer Survivorship: Defining the Incidence of Incisional Hernia After Resection for Intra-Abdominal Malignancy

Cancer survivorship focuses largely on improving quality of life. We aimed to determine the rate of ventral incisional hernia (VIH) formation after cancer resection, with implications for survivorship. Patients without prior VIH who underwent abdominal malignancy resections at a tertiary center were followed up to 2 years. Patients with a viewable preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan and CT within 2 years postoperatively were included. Primary outcome was postoperative VIH on CT, reviewed by a panel of surgeons uninvolved with the original operation. Factors associated with VIH were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression. 1847 CTs were reviewed among 491 patients (59 % men), with inter-rater reliability 0.85 for the panel. Mean age was 60 ± 12 years; mean follow-up time 13 ± 8 months. VIH occurred in 41 % and differed across diagnoses: urologic/gynecologic (30 %), colorectal (53 %), and all others (56 %) (p < 0.001). Factors associated with VIH (adjusting for stage, age, adjuvant therapy, smoking, and steroid use) included: incision location [flank (ref), midline, hazard ratio (HR) 6.89 (95 %CI 2.43–19.57); periumbilical, HR 6.24 (95 %CI 1.84–21.22); subcostal, HR 4.55 (95 %CI 1.51–13.70)], cancer type [urologic/gynecologic (ref), other {gastrointestinal, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, retroperitoneal, and others} HR 1.86 (95 %CI 1.26–2.73)], laparoscopic-assisted operation [laparoscopic (ref), HR 2.68 (95 %CI 1.44–4.98)], surgical site infection [HR 1.60 (95 %CI 1.08–2.37)], and body mass index [HR 1.06 (95 %CI 1.03–1.08)]. The rate of VIH after abdominal cancer operations is high. VIH may impact cancer survivorship with pain and need for additional operations. Further studies assessing the impact on QOL and prevention efforts are needed.
Occupational Licensing in Health Care

Occupational licensing creates a regulatory barrier to entry into licensed occupations, and thus results in higher income for those with permission to work. The empirical literature indicates that licensing generally restricts supply, and raises wages along with prices in health care professions. Unfortunately, there is no evidence that licensing improves the quality of care.
Investigating calcite growth rates using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D)

Abstract Calcite precipitation plays a significant role in processes such as geological carbon sequestration and toxic metal sequestration and, yet, the rates and mechanisms of calcite growth under close to equilibrium conditions are far from well understood. In this study, a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used for the first time to measure macroscopic calcite growth rates. Calcite seed crystals were first nucleated and grown on sensors, then growth rates of calcite seed crystals were measured in real-time under close to equilibrium conditions (saturation index, SI = log ({Ca2+}/{CO32−}/Ksp) = 0.01–0.7, where {i} represent ion activities and Ksp = 10−8.48 is the calcite thermodynamic solubility constant). At the end of the experiments, total masses of calcite crystals on sensors measured by QCM-D and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were consistent, validating the QCM-D measurements. Calcite growth rates measured by QCM-D were compared with reported macroscopic growth rates measured with auto-titration, ICP-MS, and microbalance. Calcite growth rates measured by QCM-D were also compared with microscopic growth rates measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and with rates predicted by two process-based crystal growth models. The discrepancies in growth rates among AFM measurements and model predictions appear to mainly arise from differences in step densities, and the step velocities were consistent among the AFM measurements as well as with both model predictions. Using the predicted steady-state step velocity and the measured step densities, both models predict well the growth rates measured using QCM-D and AFM. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of reactive site densities on calcite growth rate, which may help design future growth models to predict transient-state step densities.
Second-order random walk-based proximity measures in graph analysis: formulations and algorithms

Measuring the proximity between different nodes is a fundamental problem in graph analysis. Random walk-based proximity measures have been shown to be effective and widely used. Most existing random walk measures are based on the first-order Markov model, i.e., they assume that the next step of the random surfer only depends on the current node. However, this assumption neither holds in many real-life applications nor captures the clustering structure in the graph. To address the limitation of the existing first-order measures, in this paper, we study the second-order random walk measures, which take the previously visited node into consideration. While the existing first-order measures are built on node-to-node transition probabilities, in the second-order random walk, we need to consider the edge-to-edge transition probabilities. Using incidence matrices, we develop simple and elegant matrix representations for the second-order proximity measures. A desirable property of the developed measures is that they degenerate to their original first-order forms when the effect of the previous step is zero. We further develop Monte Carlo methods to efficiently compute the second-order measures and provide theoretical performance guarantees. Experimental results show that in a variety of applications, the second-order measures can dramatically improve the performance compared to their first-order counterparts.
Is the Hubble Type of a Disk System Essentially Determined by One Parameter: Total Mass?

The contentious title of this discourse was chosen to draw attention to some ideas expressed in a recent publication by Tully, Mould, and Aaronson (1982, hereafter TMA). Two important correlations were discussed in that article. One of those was a correlation between the colors and the intrinsic luminosities or magnitudes of spiral galaxies. The other was a relationship between the color and total mass of disk systems. It is now reasonably accepted that there is also a tight connection between luminosity and total mass.
Measuring in-Plane Elastic Moduli of Composites with Arrays of Phase-Insensitive Ultrasound Receivers

Ultrasonic measurements of elastic moduli of composite materials have traditionally been made on either small specimens cut from a larger component or by using a scanning technique with the specimen immersed in a water bath. A phase-insensitive array has been developed for rapid nondestructive measurement of in-plane elastic moduli. The array characteristics allow for determination of energy flux deviation angle in the composite, as well as measurement of group and phase velocity. Techniques for computing the phase velocity from array measurements are described.
Amniotic Constriction Bands: Secondary Deformities and Their Treatments.

Background The purpose of this study was to report the surgical treatment experience of patients with amniotic constriction bands (ACB) over a 35-year interval and detail consequential limb deformities with emphasis on hands and upper extremities, along with the nature and frequency of their surgical treatment methods. Methods Fifty-one patients were identified; 26 were males and 25 females. The total number of deformities was listed. The total number of operations, individual procedures, and operations plus procedures that were done for each patient and their frequency were recorded. Results The total number of operations was 117, and total number of procedures was 341. More procedures were performed on the upper extremity (85%) than the lower extremity (15%). Including the primary deformity ACB, 16 different hand deformities secondary to ACB were encountered. Sixteen different surgical methods for the upper extremity were utilized; a primary procedure for ACB and secondary reconstructions for all secondary deformities. Average age at the time of the first procedure was 9.3 months. The most common procedures performed, in order of frequency, were excision of ACB plus Z-plasty, release of partial syndactyly, release of fenestrated syndactyly, full-thickness skin grafts, resection of digital bony overgrowth from amputation stumps, and deepening of first and other digital web spaces. Conclusions Many hand and upper extremity deformities secondary to ACB are encountered. Children with ACB may require more than one operation including multiple procedures. Numerous surgical methods of reconstruction for these children's secondary deformities are necessary in addition to the customary primary procedure of excision of ACB and Z-plasty.
Anti-Prion Systems in Yeast and Inositol Polyphosphates.

The amyloid-based yeast prions are folded in-register parallel β-sheet polymers. Each prion can exist in a wide array of variants, with different biological properties resulting from different self-propagating amyloid conformations. Yeast has several anti-prion systems, acting in normal cells (without protein overexpression or deficiency). Some anti-prion proteins partially block prion formation (Ssb1,2p, ribosome-associated Hsp70s); others cure a large portion of prion variants that arise [Btn2p, Cur1p, Hsp104 (a disaggregase), Siw14p, and Upf1,2,3p, nonsense-mediated decay proteins], and others prevent prion-induced pathology (Sis1p, essential cytoplasmic Hsp40). Study of the anti-prion activity of Siw14p, a pyrophosphatase specific for 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5PP-IP5), led to the discovery that inositol polyphosphates, signal transduction molecules, are involved in [PSI+] prion propagation. Either inositol hexakisphosphate or 5PP-IP4 (or 5PP-IP5) can supply a function that is needed by n...
Introduction: People and Action (Stewardship, Community, and Implementation)

This chapter begins by describing the role of education and lessons learned from an innovative program to build the capacity among students to tackle wicked problems. It goes on to briefly describe each of the chapters in the section developing the linkage between them that people have the capacity to change societies’ relationship with nature. The first two chapters lay out a vision of community- based ecosystem stewardship. The following discusses the culture of place—how and why people relate to the place they live. The fourth chapter describes a community collaborative group that practices the concepts and principles covered in the previous three chapters. The final chapter analyzes cooperative conservation through the lens of a coupled natural and social science approach.
Understanding and Managing of Pregnancy in Women with Diabetes Mellitus

The woman with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism has a long history of problems with reproduction. Before the introduction of insulin, she would rarely live to puberty and, if she did, her poorly controlled hyperglycemia usually resulted in amenorrhea and infertility. Successful pregnancies were very unusual at that time. In 1924 the first successful pregnancy in an insulintreated diabetic was reported by Graham.1 During the next 25 years there were many reports demonstrating that insulintreated women lived and that their fertility was normal. There was a high perinatal mortality rate, however; this was best predicted by the White classification, which related principally to the duration of the disease state.2 The next 25 years saw advances in management leading to better glucose control and detailed fetal health and maturity assessment. These management changes produced not only a gradual fall in perinatal mortality to levels that are not different now from those experienced by other women but a concomitant decrease in morbidity as well.3
Blood, Sweat, and/or Tears: Comparing Nervios Symptom Descriptions in Honduras

With the aim of advancing the cross-cultural investigation of the folk illness nervios, I conducted a dual-sited comparative study of symptom descriptions among two diverse research settings in Honduras. Baer et al. (Cult Med Psychiatry 27(3):315–337, 2003) used cultural consensus modeling (CCM) to confirm a core description of nervios among four Latino groups in the US, Mexico, and Guatemala, but observed that overall agreement and average competence in a shared illness model decreased along a gradient from presumably more-to-less economically developed sites. This has left unresolved whether such variation extends to other Latin American regions. This paper is an exploratory analysis of inter- and intracultural variation in nervios symptom descriptions by 50 Hondurans from the market town of Copan Ruinas (n = 25) and city of San Pedro Sula (n = 25). I performed CCM using a combination of free-listing, pile-sorting, and rating activities to establish if respondents across sites share a single model of nervios. I found consensus for the San Pedro Sula subsample, but not for Copan Ruinas or for the overall sample. Results suggest nervios is constitutive of differing forms of distress ranging from chronic illness to acute suffering, as well as anger- and panic-based manifestations that overlap with biomedical ideas about depression, anxiety, and panic disorder. This variation derives in part from demographic factors such as age, gender, and residence, but may also result from ethnic and regional diversity among subsamples. However, consensus only being present among San Pedro Sula respondents suggests their greater awareness of cultural distinctions between biomedical and folk medical knowledge, which is likely due to their exposure to manifold health frameworks in those settings.
The Philosophical Fundamentals of Hilbert’s Program

In this chapter I shall attempt to set out Hilbert’s Program in a way that is more revealing than previous treatments. Specificially, I shall try to improve upon preceding accounts of Hilbert’s Porgram in each of the following respects: (1) in isolating and developing the distinctive form of mathematical instrumentalism which is basic to Hilbert’s Program, (2) in defining the central problems which must be overcome in order to successfully defend any form of mathematical instrumentalism, (3) in showing how Hilbert’s finitism can be related to his instrumentalism by natural and illuminating means, and (4) in identifying some important philosophical implications of the program which have hitherto not been brought to light.
The ‘Logos’ of Faith in the Era of Pope Francis:

Through globalization and greater exchange, religious identities are meeting and facing each other on a regular basis and in a very rapid way. As intercultural and religious plurality made possible...
Bond Wire Damage Detection and SOH Estimation of a Dual-Pack IGBT Power Module Using Active Power Cycling and Reflectometry

High thermal and electrical stress, over a period of time tends to deteriorate the health of power electronic switches. Being a key element in any high-power converter systems, power switches, such as insulated-gate bipolar junction transistors (IGBTs) and metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, are constantly monitored to predict when and how they might fail. A huge fraction of research efforts involves the study of power electronic device reliability and development of novel techniques with higher accuracy in the health estimation of such devices. Until today, no other existing technique can determine the number of lifted bond wires and their locations in a live IGBT module, although this information is extremely helpful to understand the overall state-of-health of an IGBT power module. Through this article, a new method for online condition monitoring of IGBTs and IGBT modules using spread spectrum time-domain reflectometry has been proposed. Unlike traditional methods, this research work concentrates at the gate terminals (low voltage) of the device instead of looking at the collector side. In addition, the RL -equivalent circuit to represent a bond wire has been developed for the device under test and simulated in CST Studio Suite to measure the reflection amplitudes. Experimental results were obtained using a prototype reflectometry hardware, and both the simulation and experimental results have been compared. These results prove that a single measurement is sufficient to predict the failure of the device instead of looking at the traditional precursor parameter ( V CEON). With only two sets of measurements, it is possible to locate the aged device inside a module and detect the number of bond wire liftoffs associated with that device.
Gender Differences in Anticipated Salary: Role of Salary Estimates for Others, Job Characteristics, Career Paths, and Job Inputs

The purpose of this research was to compare pay expectations of women and men. Participants were 371 college students (261 women, 110 men; 94% White) from a variety of majors. Most students at this university are middle class. Consistent with prior research, women estimated significantly lower salaries at career entry and peak and rated family considerations and pleasant working conditions as significantly more important than did men. Men and women differed on salary estimates for others, influence of salary on decision to enter a field, time off for childrearing, career certainty, and weekly work hours. Controlling for average salaries in the listed job, job characteristic importance, career path, and job input differences eliminated the gender differences at entry and reduced the difference at peak.
Mobile App Energy Consumption: A Study of Known Energy Issues in Mobile Applications and their Classification Schemes – Summary Plan

Work in Mobile App Energy Consumption (MAEC) has drawn participants from a broad range of communities such as systems, networking, hardware, testing, analysis and design. This diversity has enriched and informed the research from many different angles. For example, knowledge about the physical properties of batteries (e.g., that their performance is temperature dependent) is necessary to control for con-founding variables during experiments. However, it has also led to a confusing and conflicting mix of terms, names, and expressions as researchers from different domains each attempt to apply their existing terminology or invent new terms to describe various kinds of energy related issues.
Factors associated with delays in discharge for trauma patients at an urban county hospital

Background Discharge delays for non-medical reasons put patients at unnecessary risk for hospital-acquired infections, lead to loss of revenue for hospitals and reduce hospital capacity to treat other patients. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of, and patient characteristics associated with, delays in discharge at an urban county trauma service. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study with data from Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFGH), a level-1 trauma center and safety net hospital in San Francisco, California. The study included 1720 patients from the trauma surgery service at ZSFGH. A ‘delay in discharge’ was defined as days in the hospital, including an initial overnight stay, after all medical needs had been met. We used logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to test whether the following factors were associated with prolonged, non-medical length of stay: age, gender, race/ethnicity, housing, disposition location, type of insurance, having a primary care provider, primary language and zip code. Results Of the 1720 patients, 15% experienced a delay in discharge, for a total of 1147 days (median 1.5 days/patient). The following were statistically significant (p Discussion These results suggest that policymakers interested in reducing non-medical hospital stays should focus on addressing structural determinants of health, such as lack of housing, bottlenecks at postacute care disposition destinations and lack of adequate insurance. Level of evidence Epidemiological, Level III
CSS instruction enhanced by objective typography

This course experience report details the teaching of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) constrained by the rules of objective typography. The approach guides students in applying those rules to a subset of fewer than a dozen CSS properties. Students learn how to determine and reason about rule-governed values and ratios according to typographic principles. When successful, students produce typeset text that is accessible and readable across the range of screens and user-set preferences on web-enabled devices. Students learn to visually and mathematically verify the execution of their designs, and to apply the rules of objective typography to other areas of CSS, such as grid-based page layout. Experiential evidence suggests that these techniques do transfer to other aspects of CSS, but formal study is needed.
The Eigenvalues of Random Matrices

This is a brief survey of classical and recent results about the typical behavior of eigenvalues of large random matrices, written for mathematicians and others who study and use matrices but may not be accustomed to thinking about randomness.
Improvement of CYGNSS Level 1 Calibration Using Modeling and Measurements of Ocean Surface Mean Square Slope

The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) measures GPS signals specularly reflected from Earth's surface to remotely sense ocean surface roughness and wind speed. The mean square slope (mss) is a key physical parameter that relates the ocean surface properties (wave spectra) with the CYGNSS measurement of the normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS). An approach to model the mss for validation with CYGNSS mss data was developed by adding the contribution of a high frequency tail to the IFREMER WAVEWATCH III (WW3) mss. It is demonstrated that the ratio of CYGNSS mss and the modified WW3 mss can be used to diagnose potential calibration errors that exist in the Level 1 calibration algorithm. This approach can help to improve CYGNSS data quality, including the Level 1 NBRCS and Level 2 ocean surface wind speed and roughness.
Identification of a bactericidal factor (B-lysin) in amnionic fluid at 14 and 40 weeks' gestation

Abstract Amnionic fluid (AF) specimens from 40 normal obstetric patients at 14 to 16 weeks' gestation and at 37 to 40 weeks' gestation were found to contain both lysozyme and a bactericidal substance identified as B-lysin. The concentrations of both lysozyme and B-lysin were significantly higher in the AF at 40 weeks' than at 14 weeks' gestation. B-lysin concentrations in AF were also found to be significantly higher than in either cord or maternal blood.
Atrazine Triggers DNA Damage Response and Induces DNA Double-Strand Breaks in MCF-10A Cells.

Atrazine, a pre-emergent herbicide in the chloro-s-triazine family, has been widely used in crop lands and often detected in agriculture watersheds, which is considered as a potential threat to human health. Although atrazine and its metabolites showed an elevated incidence of mammary tumors in female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, no molecular evidence was found relevant to its carcinogenesis in humans. This study aims to determine whether atrazine could induce the expression of DNA damage response-related proteins in normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) and to examine the cytotoxicity of atrazine at a molecular level. Our results indicate that a short-term exposure of MCF-10A to an environmentally-detectable concentration of atrazine (0.1 µg/mL) significantly increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) and phosphorylated Rad17 in the cells. Atrazine treatment increased H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX) and the formation of γH2AX foci in the nuclei of MCF-10A cells. Atrazine also sequentially elevated DNA damage checkpoint proteins of ATM- and RAD3-related (ATR), ATRIP and phospho-Chk1, suggesting that atrazine could induce DNA double-strand breaks and trigger the DNA damage response ATR-Chk1 pathway in MCF-10A cells. Further investigations are needed to determine whether atrazine-triggered DNA double-strand breaks and DNA damage response ATR-Chk1 pathway occur in vivo.
The discovery of Rubisco activase - yet another story of serendipity

A brief history of Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) research and the events leading to the discovery and initial characterization of Rubisco activase are described. Key to the discovery was the chance isolation of a novel Arabidopsis photosynthesis mutant. The characteristics of the mutant suggested that activation of Rubisco was not a spontaneous process in vivo, but involved a heritable factor. The search for the putative factor by 2D electrophoresis identified two polypeptides, genetically linked to Rubisco activation, that were missing in chloroplasts from the mutant. An assay for the activity of these polypeptides, which were given the name Rubisco activase, was developed after realizing the importance of including ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in the assay. The requirement for ATP and the subsequent identification of activase as an ATPase came about fortuitously, the result of a RuBP preparation that was contaminated with adenine nucleotides. Finally, the ability of activase to relieve inhibition of the endogenous Rubisco inhibitor, 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate, provided an early indication of the mechanism by which activase regulates Rubisco.
Unpublished Supplement to Another Worthy Tradition

I published an article in the Missouri Law Review, called "Another Worthy Tradition: How the Free Speech Curriculum Ignores Electronic Media and Distorts Free Speech Doctrine." The cite is 70 Missouri L. Rev. 59 (2005). In that article, in Part III, I examined a sample of First Amendment textbooks used in the top ten ranked law schools. I wrote the first draft of that article, however, in 2003 while a third-year law student at Harvard Law School. By the time it was accepted and going through edits, it was September of 2004. So I updated my sample. As a result, I analyzed some different books. This file includes the textbooks in the previous sample that I had to drop in the new sample. This file has not gone through law review revision, nor my own exhaustive revision. If there are flaws in it, I would be happy to correct them. I provide the analysis of the other textbooks merely because they provide more evidence for my findings, and because they may interest a curious reader.
Quantitative distribution of vitamin A in Kupffer cell and hepatocyte populations of rat liver.

Abstract Kupffer cells were isolated from livers of rats on normal and excess vitamin A diets and their content of vitamin A was compared with that of the whole livers from which they had been isolated. In all cases, the content of vitamin A per Kupffer cell was found to be less than one-tenth that of the average liver cell, and the Kupffer cell population was calculated to contain less than 4% of the total vitamin, the rest being present in the hepatocytes. The same distribution of the vitamin was found 1 hour after its intravenous infusion as [14C]retinol.
Influence of Tillage System, Oilseed Species, and Insecticidal Seed Treatment on Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Damage, Oilseed Production, and Postharvest Residue Cover

The influence of tillage system and imidacloprid seed treatment on flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze)) damage, oilseed production, volunteer barley density, and post harvest residue cover was determined for Polish canola (Brassica rapa L.) and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Field trials were conducted at Moccasin, MT, USA, from 1998 through 2000. Flea beetle damage was assessed on cotyledon and first true leaf stage plants using a numerical damage rating. Flea beetle damage was low in both tillage systems and on both plant species when imidacloprid seed treatment was applied. In the absence of seed treatment, seedlings of both plant species in conventionally tilled plots usually suffered more damage than did seedlings in zero tillage plots. Canola often sustained more damage than yellow mustard. Across tillage system and insecticidal seed treatment, yellow mustard produced significantly greater (P> 0.01) seed yields than canola. Density of volunteer barley was significantly greater (P > 0.01) ...
Use of Targeted Liposome-based Chemotherapeutics to Treat Breast Cancer

The use of nanocarriers such as liposomes to deliver anticancer drugs to tumors can significantly enhance the therapeutic index of otherwise unencapsulated cytotoxic agents. This is in part because of the fact that the phospholipid bilayer can protect healthy sensitive tissue from the damaging effects of these types of drugs. Furthermore, the ease with which the phospholipid bilayer surface can be modified to allow for polyethylene glycol incorporation resulting in pegylated liposomes allow for increased circulation times in vivo, and thus an overall increase in the concentration of the drug delivered to the tumor site. This explains the clinical success of the liposomal-based drug Doxil, which has proven to be quite efficacious in the treatment of breast cancer. However, significant challenges remain involving poor drug transfer between the liposome and tumor cells with this type of nontargeted drug delivery system. Thus, future work involves the development of “smart” drugs, or targeted drug delivery intended for improved colocalization between the drug and cancerous cells. While it is not possible to entirely discuss such a rapidly growing field of study involving many different types of chemotherapeutics here, in this review, we discuss some of the recent advancements involving the development of targeted liposome-based chemotherapeutics to treat breast cancer.
Photoaffinity Labeling As A Probe Of Ribosomal Structure And Function

Results are presented showing how photoaffinity labeling can be used to identify ribosomal components at functional sites within the Escherichia coli ribosome. Following brief overviews of ribosomal structure and function and of the use of photoaffinity labeling to study complex biological macrostructures, results obtained in the authors' laboratory, principally with the ribosomal antibiotic puromycin and with an aryl azide derivative of puromycin, are presented to illustrate procedures used to identify photoaffinity-labeled ribosomal components, to determine whether such labeling occurs at a functionally important site, and to localize sites of labeling in a three-dimensional sense.