cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Vein Utilizes Different Sources of Energy Than the Artery During Pulmonary Hypoxic Vasoconstriction

Recent studies have shown that the contractile response to hypoxia is much greater in the pulmonary vein than in the artery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of substrate utilization and oxidative phosphorylation on the responses of the pulmonary vein and artery to acute hypoxia. Isolated rat pulmonary arterial and venous rings were placed in tissue baths containing Earle's balanced salt solution (37±C, 95% O2/5% CO2, pH 7.4), and attached to force transducers. The vascular rings were equilibrated for 1 h and then contracted maximally with 80 mM KCl to establish maximum active tension development (P±). Following washout and complete relaxation, the rings were incubated with the following substrates or metabolic inhibitors for 30-40 min: varying concentrations of glucose (0, 5.5, 10, or 20 mM), or glycolytic intermediates (4 mM pyruvate or 4 mM lactate), or inhibitors of glycolysis (50 mM 2-deoxyglucose or 0.1 mM iodoacetate), or an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (0.1 μM rot...
Reactivity of polymer substituents. II. Aminolysis of p‐nitrophenyl acrylate copolymers with acrylamide or N,N‐dimethylacrylamide in aqueous solution

Rates of the benzylaminolysis of acrylamide and dimethylacrylamide copolymers with a small amount of p-nitrophenyl acrylate in water solution were compared with the analogous reaction of p-nitrophenyl isobutyrate. Rates of the dimethylacrylamide copolymer and analog were also measured in methanol. The copolymer reactions were much slower than those of the analog, in contrast with results obtained in dioxane. It was found that the reaction of the analog is much more sensitive to the medium than the reaction of the polymer, because the “effective solvent medium” in the polymer domain is largely determined by properties of the polymer chain backbone.
Predicting Nitrogen Loading With Land-Cover Composition: How Can Watershed Size Affect Model Performance?

Watershed-wide land-cover proportions can be used to predict the in-stream non–point source pollutant loadings through regression modeling. However, the model performance can vary greatly across different study sites and among various watersheds. Existing literature has shown that this type of regression modeling tends to perform better for large watersheds than for small ones, and that such a performance variation has been largely linked with different interwatershed landscape heterogeneity levels. The purpose of this study is to further examine the previously mentioned empirical observation based on a set of watersheds in the northern part of Georgia (USA) to explore the underlying causes of the variation in model performance. Through the combined use of the neutral landscape modeling approach and a spatially explicit nutrient loading model, we tested whether the regression model performance variation over the watershed groups ranging in size is due to the different watershed landscape heterogeneity levels. We adopted three neutral landscape modeling criteria that were tied with different similarity levels in watershed landscape properties and used the nutrient loading model to estimate the nitrogen loads for these neutral watersheds. Then we compared the regression model performance for the real and neutral landscape scenarios, respectively. We found that watershed size can affect the regression model performance both directly and indirectly. Along with the indirect effect through interwatershed heterogeneity, watershed size can directly affect the model performance over the watersheds varying in size. We also found that the regression model performance can be more significantly affected by other physiographic properties shaping nitrogen delivery effectiveness than the watershed land-cover heterogeneity. This study contrasts with many existing studies because it goes beyond hypothesis formulation based on empirical observations and into hypothesis testing to explore the fundamental mechanism.
Morphological stasis in the Eurytemora affinis species complex (Copepoda: Temoridae)

Morphological stasis has long been regarded as one of the most challenging problems in evolutionary biology. This study focused on the copepod species complex, Eurytemora affinis, as a model system to determine pattern and degree of morphological stasis. This study revealed discordant rates of morphological differentiation, molecular evolution, and reproductive isolation, where speciation was accompanied by lack of morphological differentiation in secondary sex characters. Comparisons were made among phylogenies based on morphometrics, nuclear (allozyme) loci, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from cytochrome oxidase I, for a total of 43 populations within the complex. These systematic relationships were also compared to patterns of reproductive isolation. In addition, genetic subdivision of nuclear molecular (allozyme) markers (GST) and quantitative (morphological) characters (QST) were determined to infer evolutionary forces driving morphological differentiation. The morphometric phylogeny revealed that all clades, excluding the European clade, were morphologically undifferentiated and formed a polytomy (multifurcation). Morphometric distances were not correlated with mtDNA distances, or with patterns of reproductive isolation. In contrast, nuclear and mtDNA phylogenies were mostly congruent. Reproductive isolation proved to be the most sensitive indicator of speciation, given that two genetically and morphologically proximate populations showed evidence of hybrid breakdown. Quantitative genetic (morphological) subdivision (QST = 0.162) was lower than nuclear genetic subdivision (GST = 0.617) for four laboratory-reared North American populations, indicating retarded evolution of morphological characters. This result contrasts with most other species, where QST typically exceeds GST as a result of directional selection. Thus, in all but the European populations, evolution of the secondary sex characters was marked by morphological stasis, even between reproductively-isolated populations.
A 20 b dynamic-range floating-point data acquisition system

The design and engineering of a floating-point data-acquisition system are described. The system has both automatic gain and software-programmable gain adjustment features. In automatic gain adjustment mode, the gain is set automatically dependent on the input amplitude so that the full conversion resolution is maintained irrespective of the signal dynamic range. A high-speed flash ADC with an approximately 35 ns conversion time is used to convert the signal quickly into 8 b data. A programmable array logic (PAL) then transfers this 8 b digital data into 12 b information for setting the gain of the variable-gain amplifier. The amplifier gain settings are all powers of two; thus, the normalization of the digitized data requires only a bit shifting operation and no complex software division. The gain information and the 12 b sampling ADC output increase the dynamic range to 20 b. The software package includes commands needed for the system initiation, automatic gain or software programmable gain selection, sampling and conversion, and data normalization. >
How does community context influence coalitions in the formation stage? a multiple case study based on the Community Coalition Action Theory

Community coalitions are rooted in complex and dynamic community systems. Despite recognition that environmental factors affect coalition behavior, few studies have examined how community context impacts coalition formation. Using the Community Coalition Action theory as an organizing framework, the current study employs multiple case study methodology to examine how five domains of community context affect coalitions in the formation stage of coalition development. Domains are history of collaboration, geography, community demographics and economic conditions, community politics and history, and community norms and values. Data were from 8 sites that participated in an evaluation of a healthy cities and communities initiative in California. Twenty-three focus groups were conducted with coalition members, and 76 semi-structured interviews were conducted with local coordinators and coalition leaders. Cross-site analyses were conducted to identify the ways contextual domains influenced selection of the lead agency, coalition membership, staffing and leadership, and coalition processes and structures. History of collaboration influenced all four coalition factors examined, from lead agency selection to coalition structure. Geography influenced coalition formation largely through membership and staffing, whereas the demographic and economic makeup of the community had an impact on coalition membership, staffing, and infrastructure for coalition processes. The influence of community politics, history, norms and values was most noticeable on coalition membership. Findings contribute to an ecologic and theory-based understanding of the range of ways community context influences coalitions in their formative stage.
Unsupervised techniques for discovering ontology elements from Wikipedia article links

We present an unsupervised and unrestricted approach to discovering an infobox like ontology by exploiting the inter-article links within Wikipedia. It discovers new slots and fillers that may not be available in the Wikipedia infoboxes. Our results demonstrate that there are certain types of properties that are evident in the link structure of resources like Wikipedia that can be predicted with high accuracy using little or no linguistic analysis. The discovered properties can be further used to discover a class hierarchy. Our experiments have focused on analyzing people in Wikipedia, but the techniques can be directly applied to other types of entities in text resources that are rich with hyperlinks.
Assessment of Low-Income Adults' Access to Technology: Implications for Nutrition Education.

Abstract Objective The main objective of this study was to investigate access and use of technologies such as the Internet among Indiana's low-income population. The secondary objective was to determine whether access and use of computers significantly differed by age, race, and/or education level. Methods Data were collected from low-income adult Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education participants for a 2-year period using a cross-sectional questionnaire about access and use of technology. Results Approximately 50% of the total respondents (n = 1,620) indicated that they had a working computer in their home, and of those, the majority (78%) had a high-speed Internet connection. Chi-square analysis revealed that younger adults who were white and had more education were more likely to have a computer ( P Conclusions and Implications The results of this study provide evidence that using Internet-based nutrition education in a low-income population is a viable and possibly cost-effective option.
Isochrones for late-type stars

A brief summary of the history of stellar evolution theory and the use of isochrones is given. The present state of the subject is summarized. The major uncertainties in isochrone construction are considered: chemical abundances and color calibrations, and the treatment of turbulent convection in stellar interior and atmosphere models. The treatment of convection affects the modeling of stellar interiors principally in two ways: convective core overshoot which increases evolutionary lifetimes, and the depth of convection zones which determines theoretical radii. Turbulence also modifies atmospheric structure and dynamics, and the derivation of stellar abundances. The symbiosis of seismic techniques with increasingly more realistic three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations is transforming the study of late-type stars. The important case of very low mass stars, which are fully convective, is briefly visited.
AYUSH: Extending Lifetime of SRAM-NVM Way-Based Hybrid Caches Using Wear-Leveling

The features and limitations of both SRAM and NVM (non-volatile memory) technologies have led the researchers to study SRAM-NVM way-based hybrid last level caches (LLCs). Since large leakage power consumption of SRAM allows including only few SRAM ways, the small write-endurance of NVM may still lead to small lifetime of these hybrid caches. We propose AYUSH, a technique for improving lifetime of SRAM-NVM hybrid caches. AYUSH uses data-migration approach to preferentially utilize SRAM for storing write-intensive data. Microarchitectural simulations have shown that AYUSH provides larger improvement in lifetime than three previous techniques. For single, dual and quad-core system configurations, the average increase in cache lifetime with AYUSH is 6.90×, 24.06× and 47.62×, respectively. Also, it does not harm performance or energy efficiency and works well for a range of system and algorithm parameters.
Nanofluid augmented coolant rail thermoelectric cooling of electronic systems—Modeling and analysis

Modern electronic systems have reached a dimensional complexity and power density which presents numerous cooling challenges. A robust thermal management system is needed to provide the required heat transfer, especially while operating in harsh conditions such as elevated ambient temperatures. While liquid cooling combined with phase change materials has been shown to provide significant improvements in cooling performance, it is desired to develop a system capable of cooling electronic devices without endurance restrictions. By combining a nanoparticle enhanced coolant rail with thermoelectric coolers, reliable heat transfer can be provided for the electronic equipment. Additionally, a remote multiple loop cooling system maintains cooling efficiency while providing packaging flexibility applicable to modern computational systems with space constraints. A mathematical system model has been created and numerically simulated to evaluate different cooling configurations to demonstrate the overall effectiveness while operating in elevated ambient temperatures. The results show that the proposed system maintains low computer chip temperatures while compartmentalizing the heat transfer process essentially away from the thermal load.
Community-Based Intervention Packages for Improving Perinatal Health in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

The Lancet Neonatal Survival Series categorized neonatal health interventions into 3 service delivery modes: "Outreach," "Family-Community Care," and "Facility-based Clinical Care." Family-Community Care services generally have a greater potential impact on neonatal health than Outreach services, with similar costs. Combining interventions from all 3 service delivery modes is ideal for achievement of high impact. However, access to clinical care is limited in resource-poor settings with weak health systems. The current trend for those settings is to combine neonatal interventions into community-based intervention packages (CBIPs), which can be integrated into the local health care system. In this article, we searched several large databases to identify all published, large-scale, controlled studies that were implemented in a rural setting, included a control group, and reported neonatal and/or perinatal mortality as outcomes. We identified only 9 large-scale studies that fit these criteria. Several conclusions can be reached. (1) Family-Community Care interventions can have a substantial effect on neonatal and perinatal mortality. (2) Several important common strategies were used across the studies, including community mobilization, health education, behavior change communication sessions, care seeking modalities, and home visits during pregnancy and after birth. However, implementation of these interventions varied widely across the studies. (3) There is a need for additional, large-scale studies to test evidence-based CBIPs in developing countries, particularly in Africa, where no large-scale studies were identified. (4) We need to establish consistent, clearly defined terminology and protocols for designing trials and reporting outcomes so that we are able to compare results across different settings. (5) There is an urgent need to invest in research and program development focusing on neonatal health in urban areas. (6) It is crucial to integrate CBIPs in rural and urban settings into the already existing health care system to facilitate sustainability of the program and for scaling up. It is also important to evaluate the packages and to demonstrate the health impact of large-scale implementation. (7) Finally, there is a need for improving the continuum of care between home and facility-based care.
A broadband left-handed (LH) coupled-line backward coupler with arbitrary coupling level

A novel broadband left-handed (LH) coupled-line backward coupler with arbitrary coupling level is presented. This coupler is composed of two LH transmission lines (TL) constituted of series interdigital capacitors and shunt shorted-stub inductors. A quasi-0dB implementation of the coupler is demonstrated by simulation and measurement results, and shown to exhibit a bandwidth of 35% despite the relatively wide lines-gap of 0.3mm. An even/odd modes analysis is presented to explain the working principle of the component. A 3dB-quadrature implementation, with 37% bandwidth, is also demonstrated. Finally, parametric results illustrate the versatility of the LH coupler and its strongly enhanced backward coupling compared with the conventional coupled-line coupler.
With a Little Help from My Friends (and My Financial Planner)

Despite the tremendous implications that financial decisions have for socioeconomic well-being, the study of financial decision-making has been left largely to economists. This paper places this topic firmly within sociological terrain and demonstrates that the search for financial information is embedded within broader systems of social inequality. Analyses of data from the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances reveal that social networks are by far the most frequently used source of saving and investment information; however they are used most often by those with the least wealth. Wealthier households are more likely to turn to paid financial professionals and to certain forms of media for saving and investment information. Results indicate that those at the top of the socioeconomic ladder do gather information from multiple sources possibly to minimize the risk of making a poor decision; yet as socioeconomic status increases, networks are decreasingly likely to be among the sources consulted.
Lemons and CDOs: Why Did so Many Lenders Issue Poorly Performing CDOs?

Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO) played a key role in the growth of Asset-Backed Security (ABS) issuance between 2004 and 2007 by providing a mechanism for lower-rated ABS to be used as collateral for the creation of AAA securities. Using a database published by Pershing Square Capital Management covering all of the assets underlying 528 CDOs and CDO Squareds issued from 2005 through 2007 and using rating history and other information from the ABSNet database, we compare the characteristics and performance of ABS observed in a CDO with other ABS not observed in a CDO. We find that CDO assets tend to be lower rated securities from the lowest quality asset classes and vintages, and with a higher spread at issuance. CDO assets performed much worse than comparable securities that were not included in a CDO. When we control for the initial rating, CDO assets have a downgrade severity that is at least twice as bad as comparable ABS not included in a CDO. Synthetic CDOs assets perform worse than cash CDO assets, but assets included in both cash and synthetic CDOs perform worst of all (with a downgrade severity about two and one-half times worse than the average downgrade severity). Even when we include controls for a wide variety of observable characteristics, including initial yield, CDO assets still underperform comparable ABS by between 50 and 100 percent. These results suggest that CDO originators successfully sold securities and insurance against the worst performing ABS assets, but also that buyers of CDOs would have had a hard time analyzing these securities based on observable characteristics alone.
Social and Expert Research in Online Communities

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Principles of Knowledge Generation on the Web ?>Spree ?> Community Summary and Outlook References
Following a Pattern in Mahfouz's HALF A DAY

Naguib Mahfouz's suspenseful focus on life's transience in “Half a Day,” translated into English by Denys Johnson-Davies, shows how the author discusses a rudimentary subject with dramatic succinct...
An Ether-Extractable Substance from Blood Serum and Buffy Goat Which Contracts Smooth Muscle.

SummaryA substance which stimulates smooth muscle was separated from dried rabbit serum and from the buffy coat of human blood by ether extraction. This substance is soluble in ether only in the presence of certain blood lipids. Aqueous solutions of the material stimulate the rat and rabbit intestine, cat nictitating membrane and tail vessels, but are devoid of effect on the vessels of the rabbit ear. The present findings, together with those of Tsai et al.,7 suggest that several vasoconstrictor substances are present in serum.
Association between retinal steepness and central myopic shift in children.

Purpose. Retinal steepness at the posterior pole was shown to be associated with peripheral refraction, and there exists strong evidence that peripheral refraction influences central refractive development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether retinal steepness is associated with central myopic shift in children. Methods. Central refraction was measured in OD of 140 children aged 7 to 11 years as central sphere equivalent refraction (CSER) and central sphere refraction at baseline and after ∼30 months. For the estimation of retinal steepness, relative peripheral eye length (RPEL) was determined in OD by measuring length axially with a custom-made optical low coherence interferometer and subtracting it from eye length measured peripherally at 20° in the nasal, inferior, temporal, and superior fields. Association between baseline RPEL at the various locations and shift in central refraction was evaluated with a Structural Equation Modeling analysis. Results. CSER at baseline measured +0.05 ± 0.54 diopters (D) (mean ± SD). Shift in CSER, as standardized over a 30-month interval to account for individual differences in the follow-up period, was −0.21 ± 0.56 D. A weak, but significant, correlation was observed between baseline RPEL in the temporal retina and myopic shift in CSER (r = 0.207, p = 0.049), steeper retinas displaying greater myopic shifts. Myopic shift was correlated with axial elongation but not correlated with baseline refraction. Analyses were performed for both CSER and central sphere refraction with near-identical results. RPEL did not change significantly. Conclusions. The significant correlation between temporal RPEL and central myopic shift, with the latter being independent of baseline refraction, supports the hypothesis that eye shape at the posterior pole is one of the factors influencing visually guided axial eye growth, possibly through associated peripheral defocus. Its predictive value for refractive development and limitation to the temporal retina require further investigation.
SYSTEM EVALUATION OF A MIXED REALITY- BASED COLLABORATIVE PROTOTYPE FOR MECHANICAL DESIGN REVIEW COLLABORATION

Mechanical contractors acknowledge that the efficiency of current design review practices might be substantially improved by using 3D visualization techniques to amplify the effectiveness of the design review team. To reach this goal, the concept of a Mixed Reality-based collaborative virtual environment (MRCVE), has been formulated, which aims to support the collaborative design review process by enabling multiple parties to work on a routine task based on downscaled virtual models. One usable prototype based on the MRCVE concept is an MR-based face-to-face conferencing system, which could facilitate collaboration in face-to-face scenarios. This paper presents some results of an experiment implemented to demonstrate the capability of the system in realistic environments. The benefits of MR-based face-to-face conferencing were validated through comparison with prevalent paper-based 3D drawing review in the task of identifying design errors. The complete methodology, experimental design, experimental results and discussion are elaborated in the paper. INTRIDUCTON The cumulative pressures to reduce cost, defects, and lead-time and to improve communication with colleagues in the architecture design profession, has been that today many design professionals in this broad field engage in some computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) (Garner and Mann 2003). In addition, cooperative design based on realistic graphics has been of interest to a number of researchers and industrial practitioners, both in the area of CSCW and graphics visualization. Virtual Reality techniques put the design into a context and allow one to explore it in the form of a “walk through” by using an immersive interface. Collaborative virtual environments (CVEs), a concept originally used and studied for virtual environments (Billinghurst and Kato 1999), has been explored for enhancing collaboration and intuitive interaction among team members. Extensive research has been implemented in developing and testing CVEs for design collaboration (Schnabel and Kvan 2002; Torlind et al. 1999). A more cutting-edge technology, Mixed Reality (MR) is a special class of VR related technologies for creating environments wherein real world and virtual world
Anemia associated with blind intestinal segments and its prevention with aureomycin.

Conclusions1. Anemia, either macrocytic or normocytic in type, can be consistently produced in the rat by the formation of blind intestinal segments. 2. Aureomycin appears to be a potent agent in the prevention of this anemia. 3. Ulceration of the blind intestinal segment does not appear to be the major etiological factor in the causation of this anemia.
Influence of anthropogenic land-use change on hillslope erosion in the Waipaoa River Basin, New Zealand

European settlement of the Poverty Bay Region resulted in deforestation and conversion of > 90% of the landscape to pastureland. The resulting loss of vegetation triggered a rapid increase in hillslope erosion as widespread landslide complexes and gully systems developed on weak lithologic units in the Waipaoa Basin. To quantify the rate and volume of historic hillslope degradation, we used a 1956–2010 sequence of aerial photographs for a ~16 km2 catchment to map temporal changes in the spatial extent of active landslides. Then we created a ‘turf index’ based on the extent and style of pastoral ground disruption, which correlates with downslope velocity. Based on the movement of trees and other features, we assigned average velocities to the turf classes as follows: (1) minimal disrupted ground: 0.6 m/yr, (2) a mix of disrupted ground and intact blocks: 3.4 m/yr, and (3) no intact blocks or vegetation: > 6 m/yr. We then calculated the average annual sediment flux using these turf-derived velocities, the width of the landslide-channel intersection, and an average toe depth of 4.4 ± 1.3 m (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) from 37 field measurements. The resulting catchment averaged erosion rates are (mean ± SD): 29.9 ± 12.9 mm/yr (1956), 28.8 ± 13.7 mm/yr (1969), 13.4 ± 4.9 mm/yr (1979), 17.0 ± 6.2 mm/yr (1988), and 9.9 ± 3.6 mm/yr (2010). Compared with long-term (post-18 ka) erosion rates (1.6 mm/yr) and the long-term uplift rate (~1 mm/yr) for this site, the 50-year anthropogenically-driven rate is an order of magnitude larger (~20 mm/yr). Previously, we measured an increase in erosion over the past 3.4 kyr (2.2 mm/yr), and here, we demonstrate this increase could be primarily due to human land-use change – showing that a century of rapid erosion superimposed on the background geologic rate can profoundly skew the interpretation of erosion rates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical approaches for predicting two-photon absorption induced single-event effects in semiconductors

Two numerical approaches for determining the charge generated in semiconductors via two-photon absorption (2PA) under conditions relevant for laser-based single-event effects (SEE) experiments are presented. The first approach uses a simple analytical expression incorporating a small number of experimental/material parameters while the second approach employs a comprehensive beam propagation method that accounts for all the complex nonlinear optical (NLO) interactions present. The impact of the excitation conditions, device geometry, and specific NLO interactions on the resulting collected charge in silicon devices is also discussed. These approaches can provide value to the radiation-effects community by predicting the impacts that varying experimental parameters will have on 2PA SEE measurements.
A study of familial aspects of human urinary amino acid excretory patterns utilizing paper chromatography.

A method for the preliminary analysis of a maximal number of urinary amino acids has been devised, which is based on preliminary ‘purification’ and desalting of each specimen prior to its subjection to two-dimensional paper chromatography. Aliquots of processed and concentrated specimens are standardized to quantities of alpha-amino acid nitrogen as determined colorimetrically. Densitometric index values were analyzed for sex differences and for intrapair differences comparing genetically related and unrelated pairs. Significant sex differences were observed for five substances. Significant deviations between intrapair differences of genetically-related and control pairs were observed for ten substances. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that quantitative differences in the respective excretions involve genetic factors.
Outcomes After Diagnostic Hip Injection

Purpose To provide a comprehensive review of outcomes associated with local anesthetic (LA) or LA and corticosteroid (CS) diagnostic hip injections, and how well response predicts subsequent operative success. Methods A systematic review from database (PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase) inception to January 2015 for English-language articles reporting primary patient outcomes data was performed, excluding studies with >50% underlying osteoarthritis. Studies were assessed by 2 reviewers who collected pertinent data. Results Seven studies were included, reporting on a total 337 patients undergoing diagnostic hip injection. The mean age was 34.4 years, with 5 studies reporting 94 (35.2%) males and 173 (64.8%) females. One study examined the rate of pain relief with LA (92.5%); 2 CS studies reported relief on a scale from 0% to 100% (no to complete relief), ranging from 61% to 82.3%; and 3 studies used 10-point pain scales, with a CS study noting a pain score of 1.0, an LA study with a score of 3.03, and 1 study using either CS or LA scores of 3 to 5.6. Duration of pain relief was 9.8 (CS) and 2.35 days (LA). By pathology, greatest relief was achieved in acetabular chondral injury (93.3%) and least in cam impingement (81.6%), with clinical and imaging findings being unreliable predictors of relief. One study showed nonresponse to be a strong predictor of negative surgical outcome for femoroacetabular impingement. Conclusions Diagnostic hip injections provide substantial pain relief for patients with various hip pathologies, with limited data to suggest greatest relief for those with chondral injury. Clinical and imaging findings are unreliable predictors of injection response, and nonresponse to injection is a strong negative predictor of surgical outcome. Future research should focus on elucidating differences by underlying pathology and predicting future operative success. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review.
Summary of Fatigue Research for Civilian and Military Pilots

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS For both civilian and military pilots, sleep duration and time of day are consistently related to fatigue rating. Fatigue is greater when pilots have fewer hours of sleep ...
Positive effects of fire on birds may appear only under narrow combinations of fire severity and time-since-fire

We conducted bird surveys in 10 of the first 11 years following a mixed-severity fire in a dry, low-elevation mixed-conifer forest in western Montana, United States. By defining fire in terms of fire severity and time-since-fire, and then comparing detection rates for species inside 15 combinations of fire severity and time-since-fire, with their rates of detection in unburned (but otherwise similar) forest outside the burn perimeter, we were able to assess more nuanced effects of fire on 50 bird species. A majority of species (60%) was detected significantly more frequently inside than outside the burn. It is likely that the beneficial effects of fire for some species can be detected only under relatively narrow combinations of fire severity and time-since-fire. Because most species responded positively and uniquely to some combination of fire severity and time-since-fire, these results carry important management implications. Specifically, the variety of burned-forest conditions required by fire-dependent bird species cannot be created through the application of relatively uniform low-severity prescribed fires, through land management practices that serve to reduce fire severity or through post-fire salvage logging, which removes the dead trees required by most disturbance-dependent bird species.
Biomechanical Comparison of the Lower Trapezius Transfer Versus Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for Irreparable Massive Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical effects of the trapezius transfer and the latissimus dorsi transfer in a cadaveric model of a massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear. Methods: Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested at 0°, 30°, and 60° of abduction in the scapular plane with anatomically based muscle loading. Humeral rotational range of motion and the amount of humeral rotation due to muscle loading were measured. Glenohumeral kinematics and joint reaction forces were measured throughout the range of motion. After testing in the intact condition, the supraspinatus and infraspinatus were resected, simulating a massive rotator cuff tear. The lower trapezius transfer was then performed. Three muscle loading conditions for the trapezius (12N, 24N, 36N) were applied to simulate a lengthened graph as a result of excessive creep, a properly tensioned graph exerting a force proportional to the cross-sectional area of the inferior trapezius, and an over-constrained graph respectively. Next the latissimus dorsi transfer was performed and tested with one muscle loading condition 24N. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results: The amount of internal rotation due to muscle loading increased with massive cuff tear at 0°, 30°, 60° abduction (p Conclusion: The trapezius transfer for massive cuff tear restores native glenohumeral forces better than the latissimus transfer by recruiting an exogenous force across the glenohumeral joint. However, the increase in compressive force seen with the trapezius transfer may be problematic in patients with osteoarthritis. Clinical studies to evaluate the results of the trapezius transfer are warranted.
CatTrack: A Pascal Program to Display Ternary Diagrams on a Macintosh Computer

A description of CatTrack, a program to plot solute and soil-texture data in a ternary diagram, is presented. The main algorithm converts chemical data to trilinear ratios and then to x-y screen coordinates. The data categories include major cations (Na + -K + -Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ ), major anions (CO 3 2− -HCO 3 − -Cl − -SO 4 2− ) and soil texture (clay-silt-sand). Use of this program's graphics is discussed and output is shown for three examples: (i) major anion composition of evaporation pond waters, (ii) changes in major cation composition along a transect from a mountain stream to an estuary, and (iii) results of a soil-texture analysis of evaporation-pond sediments.
“DOES DEMOCRACY END IN TERROR?” TRANSFORMATIONS OF ANTITOTALITARIANISM IN POSTWAR FRANCE*

Does democracy end in terror? This essay examines how this question acquired urgency in postwar French political thought by evaluating the critique of totalitarianism after the 1970s, its antecedents, and the shifting conceptual idioms that connected them. It argues that beginning in the 1970s, the critique of totalitarianism was reorganized around notions of “the political” and “the social” to bring into view totalitarianism's democratic provenance. This conceptual mutation displaced earlier denunciations of the bureaucratic nature of totalitarianism by foregrounding anxieties over its voluntarist, democratic sources. Moreover, it projected totalitarianism's origins back to the Jacobin discourse of political will to implicate its postwar inheritors like French communism and May 1968. In so doing, antitotalitarian thinkers stoked a reassessment of liberalism and a reassertion of “the social” as a barrier against excessive democratic voluntarism, the latter embodied no longer by Bolshevism but by a totalitarian Jacobin political tradition haunting modern French history.
Plasmacytoid lymphocytes: a clue to dengue diagnosis.

![Figure][1] A 36-year-old man presented with fever, myalgia, and fatigue after a trip to India. Laboratory studies revealed a white blood cell count of 2.8 × 109/L, hematocrit of 40.1%, platelet count of 18 × 109/L, abnormal liver function tests, elevated fibrin degradation products, and
Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Water Processable Precursors to Aqueous Compatible Redox Active Polymers for Diverse Applications: Electrochromism, Charge Storage, and Biocompatible Organic Electronics

An organic soluble precursor polymer was prepared by direct (hetero)arylation polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with a solubilizing, 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) derivative bearing ester-functionalized side chains. Chemical defunctionalization of the polymer, using base to hydrolyze the esters, yields a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) that is readily soluble in water. This aqueous soluble CPE can then be processed using high-throughput coating methods from water-based inks. Postprocessing functionalization of the polymer film using dilute acid creates a solvent resistant film that is compatible with both organic and aqueous electrolyte systems for redox switching. The introduction of an unfunctionalized EDOT unit results in a soluble polymer that has a low oxidation potential and that is highly electroactive and pseudocapacitive in a wide voltage range (2 V in propylene carbonate-based electrolytes and 1.55 V in aqueous electrolytes) making it an attractive material for lightwei...
Data Move Us Closer to Full Equality by Speaking for Those Who Cannot: Advocating for LGBT Older Adults.

An editorial is presented which addresses equality in relation to the data collected for the U.S. National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants and advocacy for the needs of older LGBT adults in America as of 2017. According to the article, America's Older Americans Act deals with the needs and basic living standards of older adults. The proposed elimination of a survey question about sexual orientation is examined, along with sexual and gender minority older adults.
Getting Your Head around Cerebral Malaria

Cerebral malaria is one of the most severe complications of human infection by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Kessler et al. (2017) provide valuable insights into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of this poorly understood manifestation of malaria.
Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Background: Supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA) occurrence in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients may cause clinical deterioration and affect overall prognosis. Aim: To assess SVA incidence in idiopathic (IPAH) and systemic sclerosis related PAH (SScPAH) and evaluate risk factors, management, and impact on mortality. Methods: We collected baseline demographics, hemodynamics, six minute walking distance, and NTproBNP from consecutive IPAH or SScPAH patients prospectively enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Pulmonary Hypertension Registry from January 2000 to July 2016. During follow-up visits SVA occurrence, therapies and long-term outcome were recorded. Results: Among 317 patients (201 SScPAH, 116 IPAH, mean follow up of 67±51 months), 42 had SVA (34 atrial fibrillation, 18 atrial flutter and 4 atrial ectopic tachycardia). Incidence was slightly higher in SScPAH (13.9 vs 12.1%, p=0.22). In 64.3% of cases at least a second episode occurred. Most SVA were associated with hospitalization (90.5%). Electrical or pharmacological cardioversion was attempted in most cases. Patients with SVA had higher right atrial pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, NTproBNP (p Conclusion: SVA occurrence in PAH is a matter of concern, acutely leading to clinical deterioration and ultimately impacting long-term prognosis. Therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing SVA recurrence may be a relevant goal.
Biocatalytic membranes prepared by inkjet printing functionalized yeast cells onto microfiltration substrates

Abstract Biocatalytic cells displaying functional enzymes on their surface have the ability to catalyze the degradation of persistent micropollutants with high enzyme accessibility and stability. However, the high migration and limited processing capability of suspended biocatalytic cells remain major challenges for practical applications in water treatment. In this study, we fabricated biocatalytic membranes (BCMs) by immobilizing biocatalytic cells, i.e., Baker's yeast with cell surface display laccase (SDL), on microporous membranes via inkjet printing and chemical crosslinking. The incorporation of SDL biocatalytic cells on the surface of the membranes was confirmed by microscopy, elemental analysis, and enzyme assay tests. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the number of SDL cells incorporated and therefore, the enzyme activity of the BCMs, could be systematically controlled by altering the printing parameters. The viability, regeneration, and high storage stability of SDL cells were maintained in the BCM platform. Furthermore, the BCMs could be reused with high stability as they retained 76% of their initial activity after ten repeated reaction cycles. In comparison, the activity of freely-suspended SDL cells declined to 42% of their initial activity after ten reaction cycles. Finally, the effectiveness of BCMs in treating emerging contaminants was confirmed using bisphenol A and acetaminophen as substrates in proof-of-concept experiments. The results of this study establish that BCMs can address concerns related to the utilization of suspended biocatalytic cells by fixing them on a microporous substrate. With further study and optimization, BCMs have the potential to be incorporated into membrane-based separation and pollutant degradation processes.
Pollen limitation and reproduction of three plant species across a temperature gradient in western Greenland

ABSTRACTRapid climate change in the Arctic may increase sexual reproduction in plants because of changes in both abiotic factors, such as temperature, and biotic factors, such as pollination. Pollination may currently limit plant reproduction in the Arctic, where cold temperatures hinder pollinator activity. To understand how warming may affect pollination and plant reproduction, we studied three plant species in western Greenland. Two species were hermaphroditic and insect-pollinated (Vaccinium uliginosum and Chamerion latifolium), and one was dioecious and insect- and wind-pollinated (Salix glauca). We measured how pollinator visitation and plant reproduction varied across three temperature zones. We also conducted pollinator exclusion and pollen supplementation experiments to measure pollinator dependence and pollen limitation. Proportion of fruit set in Vaccinium and Salix was pollen limited in every temperature zone, and Vaccinium and Chamerion depended on pollinator-mediated outcrossing for maximum ...
Abstract 18114: The Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on One-Year Mortality in a Large Prostate Cancer Registry With Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Introduction: Contemporary management of prostate cancer, including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), has led to improved cancer survival and a shift of focus to non-cancer related mortality of w...
Multimodality Imaging Involving Magnetic Resonance Facilitates Giant Symptomatic Myxoma Resection

Myxoma, the most common adult primary cardiac tumor, can manifest with profound symptoms. The preferred treatment of symptomatic myxoma is surgical resection, which can be curative. Preoperatively, multimodality imaging provides crucial information on the number, size, location, and proximity of myxoma or myxomas to adjacent structures, thereby facilitating an optimal operative approach. This report presents a case of symptomatic, giant left atrial myxoma and the utility of multimodality imaging to guide surgical planning.
Gel-silica optics: Theory and application

A new generation of silica optics has resulted from alkoxide-based sol-gel processing of silica including: net shape transmissive optical elements, surface diffractive optics, inorganic doped GRIN optics, organic impregnated optical composites such as dye lasers and scintillators, optics with internal diffraction gratings, laser densified microoptical lenses and arrays, and laser densified waveguides. Processing control of the ultrastructure of the monolith at the time of gelation and during aging is essential to producing the optical devices together with chemical and thermal stabilization of the surface of the pore network prior to densification or impregnation. The process control variables for gel-silica optics are summarized together with spectroscopic analysis and molecular orbital calculations that explain how and why the thermal-chemical processing controls work at a molecular level.
The Making of a Stable Family

After 30 years working with families in trouble, the lament of parents is still the same: “We were never taught how to raise kids.” In this chapter I address several specific parenting skills that are anchored in the science of human behavior. Specifically, I identify three basic principles of human behavior that are particularly relevant to parenting. Next, 1 describe four things parents must do when their children behave well. Last, I discuss four things parents must do when their children misbehave.