cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Optical Pulse Generation using Line-by-Line Shaping on a Phase-Modulated CW Laser

We demonstrate generation of a high repetition rate femtosecond pulse train using the line-by-line shaping technique on a phase-modulated CW laser. Resulting pulses with FWHM duration of 324 fs at 9 GHz repetition rate are reported after soliton compression
Discrimination of virtual haptic textures rendered with different update rates

This paper addresses the discriminability of virtual haptic textures rendered with different update rates. Two psychophysical experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, we examined the pairwise discriminability of textured surfaces rendered with different update rates. In the second experiment, we measured the discrimination threshold of update rate for a reference textured surface rendered at 10 kHz. The results indicated that as long as the virtual textures were perceived to be stable (i.e., free of perceptual artifacts), subjects judged them to be perceptually equivalent. These findings, when taken together with our previous findings regarding the effect of update rate on perceived instability of virtual haptic texture [S. Choi et al., (2004)], provide a general guideline for choosing an optimal update rate for haptic texture rendering, with explicit consideration for both control and perception performance.
All-Optical Comb Switch for Multiwavelength Message Routing in Silicon Photonic Networks

Simultaneous all-optical switching of 20 continuous-wave wavelength channels is achieved in a microring resonator-based silicon broadband 12 comb switch. Moreover, single-channel power penalty measurements are performed during active operation of the switch at both the through and the drop output ports. A statistical characterization of the drop-port insertion losses and extinction ratios of both ports shows broad spectral uniformity, and bit-error-rate measurements during passive operation indicate a negligible increase in signal degradation as the number of wavelength channels exiting the drop port are scaled from one to 16, with peak powers of 6 dBm per channel. A high-speed broadband switching device, such as the one described here, is a crucial element for the deployment of interconnection networks based on silicon photonic integrated circuits.
Eccentric contractions disrupt FKBP12 content in mouse skeletal muscle.

Strength deficits associated with eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury stem, in part, from impaired voltage-gated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release. FKBP12 is a 12-kD immunophilin known to bind to the SR Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor, RyR1) and plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling. To assess the effects of eccentric contractions on FKBP12 content, we measured anterior crural muscle (tibialis anterior [TA], extensor digitorum longus [EDL], extensor hallucis longus muscles) strength and FKBP12 content in pellet and supernatant fractions after centrifugation via immunoblotting from mice before and after a single bout of either 150 eccentric or concentric contractions. There were no changes in peak isometric torque or FKBP12 content in TA muscles after concentric contractions. However, FKBP12 content was reduced in the pelleted fraction immediately after eccentric contractions, and increased in the soluble protein fraction 3 day after injury induction. FKBP12 content was correlated (P = 0.025; R2 = 0.38) to strength deficits immediately after injury induction. In summary, eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury is associated with significant alterations in FKBP12 content after injury, and is correlated with changes in peak isometric torque.
The Effect of Homework Policies on Student Achievement

This writer takes a practical look at the pros and cons of assigning homework, and offers a number of recommenda tions for effective homework procedures.
Population genetic history of the dreissenid mussel invasions: expansion patterns across North America

This study tests population genetic patterns across the Eurasian dreissenid mussel invasions of North America—encompassing the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (1986 detection) and the quagga mussel D. rostriformis bugensis (detected in 1990, which now has largely displaced the former in the Great Lakes). We evaluate their source-spread relationships and invasion genetics using 9–11 nuclear microsatellite loci for 583 zebra mussels (21 sites) and 269 quagga mussels (12 sites) from Eurasian and North American range locations, with the latter including the Great Lakes, Mississippi River basin, Atlantic coastal waterways, Colorado River system, and California reservoirs. Additionally, mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequences are used to verify species identity. Our results indicate that North American zebra mussels originate from multiple non-native northern European populations, whereas North American quagga mussels trace to native estuaries in the Southern Bug and Dnieper Rivers. Invasive populations of both species show considerable genetic diversity and structure (zebra F ST = 0.006–0.263, quagga F ST = 0.008–0.267), without founder effects. Most newer zebra mussel populations have appreciable genetic diversity, whereas quagga mussel populations from the Colorado River and California show some founder effects. The population genetic composition of both species changed over time at given sites; with some adding alleles from adjacent populations, some losing them, and all retaining closest similarity to their original composition. Zebra mussels from Kansas and California appear genetically similar and assign to a possible origin from the St. Lawrence River, whereas quagga mussels from Nevada and California assign to a possible origin from Lake Ontario. These assignments suggest that overland colonization pathways via recreational boats do not necessarily reflect the most proximate connections. In conclusion, our microsatellite results comprise a valuable baseline for resolving present and future dreissenid mussel invasion pathways.
Cenozoic mass extinctions in the deep sea: What perturbs the largest habitat on Earth?

Deep-sea benthic foraminifera live in the largest habitat on Earth, constitute an important part of its benthic biomass, and form diverse assemblages with common cosmopolitan species. Modern deep-sea benthic foraminiferal assemblages are strongly infl uenced by events affecting their main food source, phytoplankton (a relationship known as bentho-pelagic coupling). Surprisingly, benthic foraminifera did not suffer signifi cant extinction at the end of the Cretaceous, when phytoplankton communities underwent severe extinction. Possibly, bentho-pelagic coupling was less strong than today in the warm oceans of the Cretaceous‐Paleogene, because of differences in the process of food transfer from surface to bottom, or because more food was produced chemosynthetically on the seafl oor. Alternatively, after the end-Cretaceous extinction the food supply from the photic zone recovered in less time than previously thought. In contrast, deep-sea benthic foraminifera did undergo severe extinction (30%‐50% of species) at the end of the Paleocene, when planktic organisms show rapid evolutionary turnover, but no major extinction. Causes of this benthic extinction are not clear: net extinction rates were similar globally, but there is no independent evidence for global anoxia or dysoxia, nor of globally consistent increase or decrease in productivity or carbonate dissolution. The extinction might be linked to a global feature of the end-Paleocene environmental change, i.e., rapid global warming. Cenozoic deep-sea benthic faunas show gradual faunal turnover during periods of pronounced cooling and increase in polar ice volume: the late Eocene‐early Oligocene, the middle Miocene, and the middle Pleistocene. During the latter turnover, taxa that decreased in abundance during the earlier two turnovers became extinct, possibly because of increased oxygenation of the oceans, or because of increased seasonality in food delivery. The Eocene-Oligocene was the most extensive of these turnovers, and benthopelagic coupling may have become established at that time.
Resistance to Arrenurus spp. Parasitism in Odonates: Patterns Across Species and Comparisons Between a Resistant and Susceptible Host

Some adult odonates resist parasitism by larval water mites ( Arrenurus spp.) with melanotic encapsulation, in which the mite’s stylestome is clogged and the mite starves. In summer 2014, we counted the engorged and resisted mites on 2,729 adult odonates sampled by aerial net at 11 water bodies in Greenville Co. and Pickens Co., SC, and tested the hypothesis that the frequency and intensity of resistance correlates with parasite prevalence (the percentage of parasitized hosts). Resistance prevalence (the percentage of parasitized hosts that resisted at least one mite) varied significantly among host species, exceeding 60% for Argia fumipennis (Burmeister) and Celithemis fasciata Kirby but less than 20% for other species. However, neither resistance prevalence nor mean resistance intensity (mean percentage of resisted mites on resisting hosts) correlated with parasite prevalence. We described potential effects of parasitism on host development of A. fumipennis and Pachydiplax longipennis (Burmeister) by comparing the percent asymmetry of forewing lengths between parasitized and unparasitized individuals. There was no significant difference in asymmetry for either males or females of A. fumipennis , or males of Pa. longipennis (females were not sampled). We also evaluated differences in melanotic encapsulation between A. fumipennis , which readily encapsulates mites in nature, and Pa. longipennis . We inserted a 2.0-mm piece of sterile monofilament line into the thorax of captured individuals for 24 h and compared mean gray value scores of inserted and emergent ends using Image-J software. There was no difference in melanotic encapsulation between species.
Ulcerative Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Tongue: A Light- and Electron-microscopic Study

Ulcerative eosinophilic granuloma of the tongue simulates histiocytosis X or cancerous lesions, and may be subjected to unnecessary excessive treatment. This case report illustrates its benign, self-limited nature, discussed the differential diagnosis, and postulates its pathogenesis on the basis of light- and electron-microscopic findings.
Modelling workload in cognitive and concurrent tasks with time stress using an integrated cognitive architecture

Workload modelling is one of the important issues in human factors modelling and simulation. Focusing on the cognitive rather than the physical aspect of workload, the goal of the present study is to examine a new simulation method for workload modelling in performing complex cognitive activities and concurrent tasks under time stress. In a general-purpose mental architecture called QN-ACTR, overall expected utilisation (OEU) is used as an index of workload. This computational technique possesses construct validity and does not require human subjective rating. We examined and demonstrated QN-ACTR modelling in the simulations of a cognitive judgment single-task and a target-shooting and arithmetic computation dual-task, both with time stress. OEU results from simulation were related to subjective workload measures from human empirical results. The models produced performance results similar to the human data and OEU workload index results capturing the difference between various task demand conditions. This new modelling technique could support the test and evaluation of complex human-machine systems in a wide range of domains.
Elastic Properties of Steps at Interphase Boundaries

Stresses are introduced in crystals at interphase boundaries where steps improve the registry of atoms. A model and mathematical analysis based on an approach previously taken by van der Merwe and Shiflet1–4 of the problem incorporating a coherent step are presented. Computed distributions of stresses, strains, dilatation and energy density in the form of contours and nets are given for a coherent monatomic step. It is concluded that the maximum stresses are quite large and the fields decay fairly rapidly with distance from the steps, the gradient of dilatation around steps will significantly affect diffusion kinetics of impurities and the strain energy seems too low to significantly enhance chemical processes.
Sensor-Based Manual Scanning Technique for Hand-Held Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Galvanometer-based scanning in traditional OCT systems has limited scan-range. We present a sensor-based manual scanning technique for wide field-of-view OCT imaging, wherein real-time feedback from an optical motion sensor is used to trigger A-line acquisition.
Exploration on the historical course and development trend of harmonized promoting of Industrialization, Informatization, Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization since the Founding of PRC

"Speed up the realization of agricultural modernization,while promote the role of informatization in supporting industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization,achieved harmonious development of industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization(hereinafter,Four Modernizations) ",this is the overall ideas of modernization construction in new age.Historical features and stage characteristic is reflected in the synchronized development of industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization.It’s thought that the evolution of Four Modernizations changed following government strategy,there ’s also interaction effect and mutual promotion among Four Modernizations.The harmonious development of Four Modernizations which embodies the regularity,periodicity and tendency,was an inevitable process of modernization drive in China.
The wisdom of Ben Sira in MENA cultural context : a cultural topical index

The biblical Books of Proverbs and Ben Sira (Sirach; Ecclesiasticus) yield no narrative continuity or logical outline. They are simply collections. The best way to interpret these books is with the aid of a topical index. Most topical indexes are based on English (or another language) translation. This article proposes a tentative topical index reflecting Middle East North African culture and its values. It will serve as the outline for a full length commentary already in process.
Motor Control used to be boring

Motor Control may not be as trendy as say IoT, but it cannot be denied that the application areas of late have been much more interesting. The growing popularity of drones, electric vehicles such as the Tesla, mobility vehicles like electric bikes or the allure of hover-boards have seen an explosion of electric motors. But changes are also happening in the more traditional industrial sector of motor and servo drives. The demand for cost and energy efficiency is driving the need for new system topologies and greater integration levels. Devices now have to integrate communications with traditional control. Integrated Safety and Security are now part of the mix. The Motor Control device of today is vastly different then 10+ years ago and the challenges are much greater, requiring a broader set of design skills.
Spectrographic Presentation of the Vocal Quality of Partially Hearing School Children

(1968). Spectrographic Presentation of the Vocal Quality of Partially Hearing School Children. International Audiology: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 96-101.
Divide and Conquer with Neural Networks

We consider the learning of algorithmic tasks by mere observation of input-output pairs. Rather than studying this as a black-box discrete regression problem with no assumption whatsoever on the input-output mapping, we concentrate on tasks that are amenable to the principle of divide and conquer, and study what are its implications in terms of learning. This principle creates a powerful inductive bias that we exploit with neural architectures that are defined recursively, by learning two scale-invariant atomic operators: how to split a given input into two disjoint sets, and how to merge two partially solved tasks into a larger partial solution. The scale invariance creates parameter sharing across all stages of the architecture, and the dynamic design creates architectures whose complexity can be tuned in a differentiable manner. As a result, our model is trained by backpropagation not only to minimize the errors at the output, but also to do so as efficiently as possible, by enforcing shallower computation graphs. Moreover, thanks to the scale invariance, the model can be trained only with only input/output pairs, removing the need to know oracle intermediate split and merge decisions. As it turns out, accuracy and complexity are not independent qualities, and we verify empirically that when the learnt complexity matches the underlying complexity of the task, this results in higher accuracy and better generalization in two paradigmatic problems: sorting and finding planar convex hulls.
Low-Cloud, Boundary Layer, and Sea Ice Interactions over the Southern Ocean during Winter

AbstractDuring austral winter, a sharp contrast in low-cloud fraction and boundary layer structure across the Antarctic sea ice edge is seen in ship-based measurements and in active satellite retrievals from Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), which provide an unprecedented view of polar clouds during winter. Sea ice inhibits heat and moisture transport from the ocean to the atmosphere, and, as a result, the boundary layer is cold, stable, and clear over sea ice and warm, moist, well mixed, and cloudy over open water. The mean low-cloud fraction observed by CALIPSO is roughly 0.7 over open water and 0.4–0.5 over sea ice, and the low-cloud layer is deeper over open water. Low-level winds in excess of 10 m s−1 are common over sea ice. Cold advection off of the sea ice pack causes enhanced low-cloud fraction over open water, and thus an enhanced longwave cloud radiative effect at the surface. Quantitative estimates of the surface longwave cloud radiative effect contr...
The Doors of the Chapel and the Keys to the Palace of Louis IX

The Doors of the Chapel and the Keys to the Palace of Louis IX considers two virtually unknown sculpted portals located in the second bay on the north side of the Sainte-Chapelle, the monumental reliquary chapel built by Louis IX in the royal palace of Paris between 1239 and 1248. Examining archaeological and archival documentation concerning these portals, Meredith Cohen provides important new insights about the initial design and function of the Sainte-Chapelle, its attendant structures, and the royal palace. After charting the history of the Chevesserie, the building to which the portals issued, Cohen proposes a relative chronology for the other structures in the palace attributed to Louis IX, arguing that construction of the Sainte-Chapelle generated major changes, which defined the palace as symbol of the royal state starting in the thirteenth century. This article contributes to the research in medieval architecture that views great monuments as part of highly complex historical topographies.
Exploring Foundations and Value Boundaries in Social–Ecological Systems

Second-order cybernetics can be instructive for considering ‘foundations’ in emerging fields of study and has a visible role to play for action-oriented, transdisciplinary sciences. This paper explores these insights in the emerging field of Ecological Economics. Second-order cybernetics explores recursion, which can be defined as the substitution of a function for its own argument. This pattern opens the space for a cognitive domain and appears in efforts to regulate the relationship between a system and its environment. Given this, it is evident in efforts to cross disciplinary boundaries such as the boundary between Economics and Ecology and efforts to establish starting points for structured inquiry. In conclusion, it is suggested that the expansive terrain of systems theory and the single-pointed abstractions of second-order cybernetics complement each other in service towards emerging social-ecological inquiries. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postscript II: Infinitary Combinatorics

The topics of the last chapter (Chap. 11) naturally lead to the area of Infinitary Combinatorics, which is beyond the scope of this text. This postscript to Part II is intended to be a link for the reader to begin further study in the area. We indicate how the obvious generalizations of three separate topics of the last chapter, namely short orders, Konig’s Infinity Lemma, and Ramsey’s Theorem, converge naturally to the notion of a weakly compact cardinal, an example of a large cardinal. In addition, it is shown how Suslin’s Problem is equivalent to the existence of Suslin trees. Finally, we briefly mention Martin’s Axiom and Jensen’s Diamond principle \(\diamond \), and their implications for the Suslin Hypothesis.
The Central American Child Migration Surge: A Temporal and Spatial Investigation of its Causes

Almost one-fifth of the “surge” of Central American migrants crossing the US border in early 2014 was unaccompanied children, mostly from the “Northern Triangle”—Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador. Although prior research identifies violence, economic factors, and US policies as probable causes, determining their relative importance is more challenging. In this article I examine time trends in child migration from the Northern Triangle in relation to trends in indicators for these causes for 2008 to 2014, and patterns of child migration and push factors over space for the 18 departments of Honduras at the peak of the surge in 2014. The findings are that increasingly immigrant-favorable bills introduced to Congress and an increasingly improving US economy were concordant with trends in child migration, each of which showed a visible upturn at the point of the initial migration surge in 2011. Although homicides and unemployment in the NT itself did not trend as child migration over time, homicides and migration were substantially related across Honduran departments at the height of the surge.
Mn(III) and Mn(II) complexes of tridentate Schiff base ligands; synthesis, characterization, structure, electrochemistry and catalytic activity

Abstract Three Mn(III) complexes [Mn(L1)2] (ClO4) 1, [Mn(L2)2] (ClO4) 2, [Mn(L3)2] (ClO4) 3, and one Mn(II) complex [Mn(L4)2] 4 were studied for their efficiency as catalysts for epoxidation of olefins with H2O2 at room temperature and 0 °C in the presence of ammonium acetate-acetic acid or triethylamine-perchloric acid system as co-catalyst/buffer. The complexes were obtained from the reaction of Mn(ClO4)2.6H20 with NNO tridentate Schiff base ligands HL1-HL4 synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HL1), 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HL2), 5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HL3), or 5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HL4) respectively. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Electronic effect of the substituents on epoxide yield was also investigated. The crystal structures of complexes confirm coordination of the manganese ion to the ligands through the NNO atoms of the ligands. The spectral changes observed as a function of time for the reaction of the complexes with aqueous (30%) hydrogen peroxide indicates possible formation of an intermediate product; hydroperoxo-complex implicated in the epoxidation reaction. The complexes catalyzed epoxidation of cyclohexene with low yield at room temperature but higher yield at 0 °C in the order complex 3 lower than 1, 1 lower than 2, with the Mn(II) complex 4 recording highest epoxide yield of 9% with turnover of 2.25 at room temperature and yield of 58% with turnover of 14.5 at 0 °C in the presence of ammonium acetate-acetic acid system/ buffer. With the triethylamine-perchloric acid system/buffer, epoxide yield of 46% and turnover of 11.5 was recorded at room temperature while 44% with turnover of 11.0 was obtained at 0 °C for complex 4.
Site-Specific Fluorescence Reveals Distinct Structural Changes Induced in the Human ρ1 GABA Receptor by Inhibitory Neurosteroids

The ρ1 GABA receptor is inhibited by a number of neuroactive steroids. A previous study (Li et al., 2007, JPET 323:236-247) focusing on the electrophysiological effects of inhibitory steroids on the ρ1 receptor found that steroid inhibitors could be divided into three major groups based on how mutations to residues in the M2 transmembrane domain modified inhibition. It was proposed that the steroids act through distinct mechanisms. We have selected representatives of the three groups (β-estradiol, pregnanolone and pregnanolone sulfate), and probed how these steroids modify fluorescence changes from the Alexa 546 C5 maleimide fluorophore attached to residues in the extracellular region of the receptor. The results indicate that the steroids have distinct effects on fluorescence changes. Pregnanolone sulfate diminished the fluorescence change produced by GABA at the K217C and S66C positions. The application of β-estradiol reduced the fluorescence change at the L166C and S66C positions. Introduction of the T298F mutation abolished the β-estradiol-induced reduction in fluorescence change at the L166C and S66C sites, and also abolished the functional inhibition produced by the steroid. Pregnanolone did not affect fluorescence changes at any of the sites examined. The findings are consistent with the steroids acting as allosteric inhibitors of the ρ1 GABA receptor, and support the hypothesis that divergent mechanisms underlie the action of inhibitory steroids on the ρ1 GABA receptor.
A Minimum Requirement for Police Corruption

Corruption is extremely difficult to study in a direct, quantitative, empirical manner. Because most corruption incidents are never reported or recorded, official data on corruption are better regarded as measures of police agency anti-corruption activity than as measures of the actual level of corruption. Moreover, police officers are unlikely to be willing to candidly report their own or other officers’ corrupt activities, even with assurances of confidentiality by researchers.
The American Creed

A moral unease has crept into the American psyche. Political speeches, earnest books, and even fireside conversations are laced with speculation that our moral standards are in a state of decay. A nostalgia for the “good old days, ” when it was possible to leave one’s front door unlocked, is contrasted with a rise in drive-by shootings and “gangsta” rap. Comparisons with the decline of the Roman Empire spring to mind and we wonder if we too are experiencing the sort of decadence Edward Gibbon1so richly recorded. Has the pre-eminence of being the world’s only remaining superpower allowed us to lose our bearings and encouraged us to devote ourselves to profligate pleasures—the equivalent, as it were, of dining on peacock tongues and quail eggs?
Sexual development in adolescents.

This chapter approaches sexuality development proposed from a perspective that sexuality is built from multiple influences, and that abstinence, masturbation, and partnered sexual behaviors are equally important elements of normal adolescent sexuality development. Taken together, this perspective helps create focus on the developmental contributions of adolescent sexuality to adult sexuality, and to the role of these connected sexualities in sexual health through the lifespan. Healthy adolescent sexual development implies a broad social commitment to adolescents’ sexual rights and to accurate sexuality education that recognizes abstinence, masturbation, and partnered sexual behaviors as developmentally appropriate sexual choices. This developmental perspective supports the importance of a broad range of contraceptive and STI/HIV prevention services, recognizing that these will be needed eventually for most adolescents. Finally, this perspective on sexual development implies that healthy long-term relationships will unfold in the context of sexually healthy partners.
Moving Barbed Wire: Geographies of Border Crossing During World War II

In their attempt to flee from fascism, Jenny Kehr and Walter Benjamin clandestinely crossed the border between Spain and France. A study of their route paths leads to three questions: (1) What do we learn about border crossing by studying specific experiences of refugees during World War II? (2) How do route paths of exiles fit with the memory of World War II in different national contexts? (3) How did individuals experience the locations that they crossed? Mapping the exile routes makes it possible to tackle these questions. These two instances of border crossing that turned deadly reveal common patterns that emerge when considering the borders that shape the lives of migrants far beyond the moment when they cross them by sea or by land.
Bastnaesite flotation chemistry issues associated with alkyl phosphate collectors

Abstract The hydrophobicity, selectivity, and adsorption state in bastnaesite flotation using alkyl phosphates were examined by contact angle and zeta potential measurements, microflotation and microcalorimetry experiments, as well as density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The contact angle and microflotation results show that bastnaesite flotation with alkyl phosphates (lauryl phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl phosphate) is accomplished at a remarkably lower collector concentration. Selective flotation of bastnaesite from calcite with 2-ethylhexyl phosphate increased the bastnaesite grade from 52% to 95% without sacrificing recovery when compared to lauryl phosphate. As expected, the results from density functional theory calculations, together with the microcalorimetry and molecular dynamics simulation results, suggest that the hydrophobic surface state is due to a chemisorbed monolayer of the alkyl phosphate and that the lower reactivity of 2-ethylhexyl phosphate accounts for higher selectivity when compared to results for lauryl phosphate.
Risk of Surgical Site Infection and Mortality Following Lumbar Fusion Surgery in Patients With Chronic Steroid Usage and Chronic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection.

Study Design.A retrospective database analysis among Medicare beneficiariesObjective.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chronic steroid use and chronic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection on rates of surgical site infection (SSI) and mortality in patients 6
Intake of selected food groups and beverages and adult acute myeloid leukemia

2005 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the more common acute leukemia in adults. Except for environmental and occupational risk factors such as ionizing radiation and benzene exposure, the etiology of the disease remains poorly understood. Evidence for the role of diet in AML etiology is inconsistent and few epidemiological studies have explored the association between diet and AML in adults. To address this gap, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study at Roswell Park Cancer Institute and examined intake of selected food groups and beverages and AML risk among 111 cases (56 men, 55 women) and 439 control patients with non-neoplastic diseases (221 men, 218 women). Extensive epidemiologic data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire; diet was queried with a 44-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed with unconditional logistic regression stratified by gender, adjusting for age, education, energy intake, and smoking status. Among women, we found a significantly reduced risk associated with higher intake of milk (OR= 0.25, 95%CI= 0.08-0.73). Regular tea intake was associated with risk reductions in women (OR= 0.50, 95%CI=0.23-1.09) and men (OR= 0.34, 95%CI=0.14-0.82). Compared to the lowest categories of intakes, statistically significant increased risks were observed among women with the highest intakes of beer (OR=2.48, 95%CI = 1.05-5.85), wine (OR=2.32, 95% CI=1.05-5.09), and beef (OR 4.78, 95% CI 1.35-16.94). Borderline increased risks were associated with the highest intakes of coffee in women (OR= 2.08, 95%CI=0.98-4.39), but not among men. Although we were limited by a small sample size, our findings suggest that higher intakes of regular tea and milk may be important in reducing risk of AML, and higher intakes of beef, coffee, beer and wine may increase risk of AML in adult women. Further research is warranted to identify gender-specific characteristics (e.g., reproductive factors) that might explain our observed differences in effects between men and women.
Mindfulness is associated with psychological health and moderates the impact of fibromyalgia

Previous studies suggest mindfulness is associated with pain and depression. However, its impact in individuals with fibromyalgia remains unclear. We examined associations between mindfulness and physical and psychological symptoms, pain interference, and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on baseline data from a fibromyalgia clinical trial. Mindfulness was assessed using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Pearson’s correlations and multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between mindfulness and fibromyalgia impact, pain interference, physical function, depression, anxiety, stress, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life. We also examined whether mindfulness moderated associations between fibromyalgia impact and psychological outcomes. A total of 177 participants (age 52.0 ± 12.2 (SD) years; 93.2% women; 58.8% white; body mass index 30.1 ± 6.7 kg/m2; FFMQ score 131.3 ± 20.7; Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score 57.0 ± 19.4) were included. Higher total mindfulness was significantly associated with lower fibromyalgia impact (r = − 0.25), pain interference (r = − 0.31), stress (r = − 0.56), anxiety (r = − 0.58), depression (r = − 0.54), and better mental health-related quality of life (r = 0.57). Describing, Acting-with-awareness, and Non-judging facets of mindfulness were also associated with these outcomes. Mindfulness moderated the effect of fibromyalgia impact on anxiety (interaction P = 0.01). Higher mindfulness is associated with less pain interference, lower impact of fibromyalgia, and better psychological health and quality of life in people with fibromyalgia. Mindfulness moderates the influence of fibromyalgia impact on anxiety, suggesting mindfulness may alter how patients cope with fibromyalgia. Future studies should assess how mind-body therapies aiming to cultivate mindfulness may impact the well-being of patients with fibromyalgia. • Higher mindfulness was associated with better psychological health and lower overall impact of fibromyalgia. • Mindfulness moderated the relationship between overall fibromyalgia impact and anxiety.
Psychotherapeutic depression interventions adapted for sexual and gender minority youth: A systematic review of an emerging literature

Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are disproportionately affected by mental health problems, including depression and suicidality. Recently, there has been increased interest in developing an...
Enabling smart ports through the integration of microgrids: A two-stage stochastic programming approach

Abstract This paper explores microgrids’ application at ports and presents a systematic framework for evaluating the benefits of microgrid integration in creating sustainable value through purposeful planning. We focus on demonstrating how a set of Smart Port Index (SPI) metrics can be incorporated into the port microgrid planning process in the proposed framework to holistically improve the smartness of the port. A two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming model is developed to explain how the use of microgrid at a port can effectively enhance the port’s performance in four key activity domains: operations, environment, energy, safety and security under operation uncertainty. The proposed model consists of an investment master problem on the first stage and a multi-objective operation planning subproblem on the second stage. Benders decomposition is implemented for solving the two-stage stochastic model, and Lexicographic Goal Programming is applied to the subproblem to deal with multiple objectives. Simulation results, compared with the minimum cost planning approach, indicate that the proposed framework is capable of guaranteeing an improvement in productivity, sustainability, and reliability of port operations.
Risk Factors of Cyberbullying Perpetration Among School-Aged Children Across 41 Countries: a Perspective of Routine Activity Theory

Cyberbullying perpetration among school-aged children could have negative public health implications worldwide. The present study used a routine activity theory framework to conceptualize and investigate potential risk and protective factors for cyberbullying perpetration across countries and World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The study used a 2013–2014 cross-sectional sample of 214,808 school-aged children from 41 countries/WHO regions. The sample came from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Applying weighted least squares tegression, the study explored whether cyberbullying perpetration was associated with various routine activities across different cultures. Findings supported predictions suggested by the routine activity theory. Regression models found that family activities were a protective factor buffering the risk of cyberbullying perpetration among school-aged children. In addition, greater involvement with certain peer and solitary activities increased the likelihood of cyberbullying behaviors. The routine activity theory seems to be a viable theoretical framework for understanding risk and protective factors associated with cyberbullying perpetration among a large internationally representative sample. Across many countries, cyberbullying perpetration shares potential risk factors among school-aged children.
Abstract 15482: Variation in Right Atrial Sizes Affects Locations of the His Bundle and Coronary Sinus Os

Background: Difficulties in HIS bundle (HBP) and coronary sinus (CS) lead delivery may be contributed by differences in right atrial (RA) anatomy. The distance from the lateral superior vena cava /...
A Non-Negative Tensor Factorization Approach to Deconvolute Microenvironment in Breast Cancer

Abstract Motivation An in-depth understanding of epithelial breast cell responses to the growth-promoting ligands is required to elucidate how the microenvironment (ME) signals affect cell-intrinsic regulatory networks and the cellular phenotypes they control, such as cell growth, progression, and differentiation. This is particularly important in understanding the mechanisms of breast cancer initiation and progression. However, the current mechanisms by which the ME signals influence these cellular phenotypes are not well established. Results We developed a high-order correlation method using proteomics data to reveal the regulatory dynamics among proteins, histones, and six growth-promoting ligands in the MCF10 cell line. In the proposed method, the protein-ligand and histone-ligand correlations at multiple time points are first encoded in two three-way tensors. Then, a non-negative tensor factorization model is used to capture and quantify the protein-ligand and histone-ligand correlations spanning all time points, followed by a partial least squares regression process to model the correlations between histones and proteins. Our method revealed the onset of specific protein-histone signatures in response to growth ligands contributing to distinct cellular phenotypes that are indicative of breast cancer initiation and progression. Contact smollah@wustl.edu
Imaging of Midfacial Fractures

SUMMARY Plain films, axial and coronal CT, and 3-D CT are used to demonstrate the main vertical and horizontal struts that support the midface. The major forms of local and complex facial injury are described.
In vivo elasticity mapping in human skin with AuT-based OCE

Using numerical and analytical models of wave propagation in mechanically anisotropic materials, we highlight the complications associated with quantitative estimates of mechanical moduli in human skin. To obtain reliable, quantitative measurements of moduli in human skin, multiple aspects of mechanical wave propagation in structures typical of skin must be considered. Using a nearly incompressible transverse isotropic (NITI) model, preliminary measurements of both shear moduli (G and μ) in healthy in vivo human skin are presented.
Quantitative prediction of breast cancer resistant protein mediated drug-drug interactions using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling.

Quantitative assessment of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibition is challenged by overlapping substrate/inhibitor specificity. This study used physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to delineate the effects of inhibitor drugs on BCRP- and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B-mediated disposition of rosuvastatin, which is a recommended BCRP clinical probe. Initial static model analysis using in vitro inhibition data suggested BCRP/OATP1B DDI risk while considering regulatory cutoff criteria for a majority of inhibitors assessed (25 of 27), which increased rosuvastatin plasma exposure to varying degree (~ 0-600%). However, rosuvastatin area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was minimally impacted by BCRP inhibitors with calculated G-value (= gut concentration/inhibition potency) below 100. A comprehensive PBPK model accounting for intestinal (OATP2B1 and BCRP), hepatic (OATP1B, BCRP, and MRP4), and renal (OAT3) transport mechanisms was developed for rosuvastatin. Adopting in vitro inhibition data, rosuvastatin plasma AUC changes were predicted within 25% error for 9 of 12 inhibitors evaluated via PBPK modeling. This study illustrates the adequacy and utility of a mechanistic model-informed approach in quantitatively assessing BCRP-mediated DDIs.
A “precariously unprepared” Pentagon? Climate security beliefs and decision-making in the U.S. military

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that climate change poses direct and indirect threats to national and human security. However, the degree to which such knowledge of the risks informs decision-making remains poorly understood for key security communities, including the U.S. Department of Defense. Here, through document analysis and interviews with climate security researchers and practitioners from the U.S. military community, we evaluate perceptions about and the degree to which (i) these individuals believe climate change is a threat to U.S. national security interests, and (ii) the U.S. Department of Defense integrates climate security science into its decision-making. Our research suggests a complex answer. Public statements and reports indicate U.S. Department of Defense leadership considers climate change a security threat of strategic importance, and most researchers interviewed believe the U.S. Department of Defense prioritizes climate security as a near-term threat. However, evidence of climate security threats is only selectively integrated into planning and decision-making. Interviews suggest several barriers and enablers to evidence-based decision-making within the U.S. Department of Defense. Barriers include mixed beliefs in the near-term urgency of the threat, changing political environments, and insufficient co-production of actionable science across the levels of war, including issues of data collection, sharing, and analysis. Enablers include increased awareness after climate-related impacts, strong leadership support, and knowledge transfer and convening forums. Improved insight into the production and use of climate security knowledge is crucial for the task of safeguarding human and national security in a changing climate.
Tables of Properties of 2-Amino-2-Deoxy Sugars and their Derivatives

Publisher Summary This chapter compiles a comprehensive list of the melting points and specific rotations of 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars slid their derivatives.
Design of a low cost trainer for flow control

Process control laboratories in most colleges and universities include a single process trainer for control exercises in temperature, level, flow and pressure. Single trainers are present because of the size and cost of the systems; however, the use of single systems makes it difficult to use small laboratory teams without reducing the enrolment limit placed on the laboratory section. Ideally, the process laboratory should have multiple trainers in at least two of the four primary process variables to learn the basics of process control. Then the students could move to the larger more robust systems to study control of a large industrial process. This paper describes a low cost flow trainer that was developed with the support of a National Science Foundation (NSF) Instructional Laboratory Instrumentation (ILI) grant to permit training in basic control concepts to multiple student teams. Construction cost for the flow system is less than $500 and all of the components are available off-the-shelf from a number of industrial sources. The system can be controlled by any single-loop process controller, a programmable logic controller, or a microcomputer using a control software product, such as Lab View. The system has been tested at several colleges and universities including Trident Technical College with excellent results. This paper describes the system design, construction requirements, example laboratory exercises and test results.
Soliton pulse-train generator using a novel tunable dual-/spl lambda/ fiber ring laser

Summary from only given. We have experimentally demonstrated a novel tunable fiber ring laser source for an all-fiber tunable pulse train generator. The uni-directional fiber ring laser using the PM amplifier and the novel tunable birefringence filter can provide good amplitude and phase stability along with adjustable channel spacing for tuning the soliton pulse train rate.
On-Line Adaptation of Predictive Controllers

Although predictive control techniques such as Dynamic Matrix Control and Model Algorithmic Control have received much attention in recent years, systematic methods for on-line updating of the process models and predictive control laws rarely have been reported. Such adaptation is desirable if the process conditions change significantly over a period of time. The same approach also could be used to generate a discrete convolution model for the initil controller design. In this paper, several alternative strategies for on-line adaptation during closed-loop operation are evaluated and compared via simulations.