cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conditions influencing blood pressures in healthy gravidas

The use of 24-h monitoring devices in healthy gravidas confirmed the suspicion that temporary blood pressure elevations relate to ambulation and to emotional upheaval, while the lowest recordings are associated with periods of rest.
Music in the Air Somewhere: The Shifting Borders of West Virginia's Fiddle and Song Tradition

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Erynn Marshall Year: 2006 Pages: xiii + 271, CD Details: CD Publisher: West Virginia University Press ISBN: 193320205X (hard cover).
Production Processes and Equipment

The desirable properties for cutting-tool material include the ability to resist softening at high temperature, which is known as red hardness; a low coefficient of friction; wear resistance; sufficient toughness and shock resistance to avoid fracture; and inertness with respect to workpiece material. Drills are used as the basic method of producing holes in a wide variety of materials. The milling machines use a rotary multitooth cutter that can be designed to mill flat or irregularly shaped surfaces, cut gears, generate helical shapes, drill, bore, or do slotting work. Gears are made by various methods, such as machining, rolling, extrusion, blanking, powder metallurgy, casting, or forging. Three basic methods are used for the manufacturing of threads: cutting, rolling, and casting. Saws have two general areas of applications: contouring and cutting off. Nontraditional, or nonconventional, machining processes are material removal processes that have recently emerged or are new to the user. Keywords: cutting-tool material; drilling machines; gear manufacturing; milling machines; nontraditional machining; thread cutting
Assessment of user home location geoinference methods

This study presents an assessment of multiple approaches to determine the home and/or other important locations to a Twitter user. In this study, we present a unique approach to the problem of geotagged data sparsity in social media when performing geoinferencing tasks. Given the sparsity of explicitly geotagged Twitter data, the ability to perform accurate and reliable user geolocation from a limited number of geotagged posts has proven to be quite useful. In our survey, we have achieved accuracy rates of over 86% in matching Twitter user profile locations with their inferred home locations derived from geotagged posts.
Modelling of steady motion of PAR vehicle on solid surfaces

Power augmented ram vehicle is a new type of fast amphibious transport suitable for operations in polar regions. A significant fraction of the vehicle weight is supported by a skirtless air cushion formed by air jets injected under the vehicle platform. A mathematical model is developed in this paper for steady forward motion of the craft on smooth solid surfaces, including a stability consideration. Calculation results show that a 130-ton vehicle of this kind can travel at speeds about 100 knots, while a lighter craft can achieve much higher speeds.
Influence of the fluid-to-film transition on photophysical properties of MLCT excited states in a polymerizable dimethacrylate fluid.

Photophysical properties of the salts [Ru(bpy)3](p-Tos)2, [Ru(dmb)3](PF6)2, [Ru(vbpy)3](PF6)2, and [Ru(phen)3](p-Tos)2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, vbpy = 4-methyl-4′-vinyl-2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and p-Tos = p-toluene sulfonate) in fluid and film polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate containing nine ethylene glycol spacers (PEG-DMA550) are reported. MLCT absorption energies and bandshapes are similar in fluid and film PEG-DMA550 pointing to similar local dielectric environments, presumably dominated by the polar acrylate groups. Emission energies and excited-to-ground state 0−0 energy gaps (E0), determined by emission spectral fitting, are blue-shifted, and band-widths-at-half height (Δv0,1/2) decreased, due to an expected “rigid medium effect” in PEG-DMA550 film. The extent of loss of medium dipole reorientation in the rigid environment, and the increased emission energies in the film, resulted in enhanced emission quantum yields and excited state lifet...
Activin receptor-like kinase 2 and Smad6 regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transformation during cardiac valve formation.

Abstract Epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) occurs during both development and tumorigenesis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) ligands signal EMT in the atrioventricular (AV) cushion of the developing heart, a critical step in valve formation. TGFβ signals through a complex of type I and type II receptors. Several type I receptors exist although activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 5 mediates the majority of TGFβ signaling. Here, we demonstrate that ALK2 is sufficient to induce EMT in the heart. Both ALK2 and ALK5 are expressed throughout the heart with ALK2 expressed abundantly in endocardial cells of the outflow tract (OFT), ventricle, and AV cushion. Misexpression of constitutively active (ca) ALK2 in non-transforming ventricular endocardial cells induced EMT, while caALK5 did not, thus demonstrating that ALK2 activity alone is sufficient to stimulate EMT. Smad6, an inhibitor of Smad signaling downstream of ALK2, but not ALK5, inhibited EMT in AV cushion endocardial cells. These data suggest that ALK2 activation may stimulate EMT in the AV cushion and that Smad6 may act downstream of ALK2 to negatively regulate EMT.
Simulation of magnetized beams

The angular momentums of particles in a bunch of beam are of importance in many applications. Usually the angular momentums are related to the end field of solenoids. In electron cooling facilities the solenoid fields are widely used as they are found very helpful not only in focusing and guiding the charge particle beams but also in enhancing the cooling rates. The RHIC electron cooler is a challenging project because it requires a high performance facility including a solenoid with high quality strong field (1 tesla). Issues caused by the end fields of the solenoid have been studied to minimize the extra temperature and coherent motions. In this paper we report recent results in simulating the angular momentums of the electron beam and its application on the RHIC electron cooler
Political Recruitment and Party Structure: A Case Study

The recruitment of political candidates is a basic function of political parties: a party that cannot attract and then nominate candidates surrenders its elemental opportunity for power. Two stages may conveniently be distinguished in the process of recruitment. Certification includes the social screening and political channeling that results in eligibility for candidacy, while selection includes the actual choice of candidates to represent parties in the general election. Selection is at the focus of the contest for power within parties, and is my focus here. Considering its importance we know too little about the dynamics of the nominating process. Most of what we do know derives from the analysis of two modal institutional types of political selection: the convention system and the primary system. Experience indicates that despite their manifest purposes, these contrasting institutional types have not necessarily resulted in widely different internal party structures. A variety of party patterns in one-party states—from the tightly controlled machines in Virginia to the transient and multiple factionalism of Florida—flourish in the framework of the direct primary system. Patterns of diffusing factionalism on the one hand, and of disciplined party organizations on the other are also found in states without primaries. Perhaps a closer look at the active participants in the processes of selection, and their interrelationships, may shed some further light on significant factorsin party structure. By interviewing candidates in party primaries we hoped to disclose the steps in nomination and the precise political relationships involved.
Anti-KIT designer T cells for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Background: Imatinib mesylate is an effective treatment for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, most patients eventually develop resistance and there are few other treatment options. Immunotherapy using genetically modified or designer T cells (dTc) has gained increased attention for several malignancies in recent years. The aims of this study were to develop and test novel anti-KIT dTc engineered to target GIST cells. Methods: Human anti-KIT dTc were created by retroviral transduction with novel chimeric immune receptors (CIR). The gene for stem cell factor (SCF), the natural ligand for KIT, was cloned into 1 st generation (SCF-CD3ζ, 1st gen) and 2 nd generation (SCF-CD28-CD3ζ, 2nd gen) CIR constructs. In vitro dTc proliferation and tumoricidal capacity in the presence of KIT+ tumor cells were measured. In vivo assessment of dTc anti-tumor efficacy was performed by treating immunodeficient mice harboring subcutaneous GIST xenografts with dTc tail vein infusions. Results: We successfully produced the 1 st and 2 nd gen anti-KIT CIR and transduced murine and human T cells. Average transduction efficiencies for human 1 st and 2 nd gen dTc were 50% and 42%. When co-cultured with KIT+ tumor cells, both 1 st and 2 nd gen dTc proliferated and produced IFNγ. Human anti-KIT dTc were efficient at lysing GIST in vitro compared to untransduced T cells. In mice with established GIST xenografts, treatment with either 1 st or 2 nd gen human anti-KIT dTc led to significant reductions in tumor growth rates. Conclusions: We have constructed a novel anti-KIT CIR for production of dTc that possess specific activity against KIT+ GIST in vitro and in vivo. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic potential and safety of anti-KIT dTc.
Marbury V. Madison and Judicial Review

Few Supreme Court decisions are as well known or loom as large in our nation's history as "Marbury v. Madison." The 1803 decision is widely viewed as having established the doctrine of judicial review, which permits the Court to overturn acts of Congress that violate the Constitution; moreover, such judicial decisions are final, not subject to further appeal. Robert Clinton contends that few decisions have been more misunderstood, or misused, in the debates over judicial review. He argues that the accepted view of "Marbury" is ahistorical and emerges from nearly a century of misinterpretation both by historians and by legal scholars. "This book is without doubt one of the half dozen recent works that will be central to the scholarly dispute about judicial review." "Political Science Quarterly." "Clinton offers a resounding correction of the prevailing orthodoxy on the "Marbury" case that has dominated scholarship in law, history, and political science for roughly the last century. . . . If he contended only 'that Marbury was not a political decision but was based on sound constitutional doctrine and existing legal precedent', this book would still make a quite valuable contribution to the literature. . . . But there is more: the constitutional doctrine and legal precedents Clinton has rediscovered, in which the Marbury ruling is firmly grounded, reveal judicial review to be . . . of profoundly narrower scope than is admitted today by right or left, by originalists or nonoriginalists. . . . Clinton has done [much] to blow away a good deal of fog surrounding Marshall, Marbury, and the scope of judicial power." "Review of Politics." "Every student of judicial review should read this book. Even those who disagree with its main thesis will find it very stimulating." Christopher Wolfe, author of "The Rise of Modern Judicial Review: From Constitutional Interpretation to Judge-Made Law." "An important book. Clinton's new and unorthodox look at Marbury v. Madison is interesting, provocative, and controversial. He presents clearly, forcefully, and persuasively a great amount of evidence to support his thesis." "Social Science Quarterly." "Clinton's reconstruction of the legal academicians' wrangling over Marbury makes delightful reading. . . . He is witty, subtle, and makes points with great deftness." "William and Mary Quarterly." "A coherent, provocative, and welcome challenge to the liberal-Progressive interpretation of judicial review." "Journal of American History.""
Telecommunications policy in Turkey: Dismantling barriers to growth

Modern telecommunications technology is now widely seen as a critical driver in economic development. However, the issues involved in the rapid deployment of this technology are complex and frequently highly controversial. While some issues are technical, the most difficult ones involve changing an institutional framework originally designed for different times and different technologies. The process of changing this framework necessarily involves disruptive change for existing infrastructure and service providers as well as substantial benefits for the economy at large. This paper, based on an extensive series of interviews in Turkey in 2005 as well as published sources, seeks to discuss these issues in light of Turkey's progress to date in taking advantage of advanced available telecommunications technology and the myriad productivity-enhancing services that are associated with it. An important element in developing a more competitive and dynamic sector has been Turkey's long-standing desire to become a member of the European Union (EU). This has encouraged changes in the telecommunications regulatory regime following the guidelines set out in Chapter 19 of the EU ''acquis'' for candidate members. Nonetheless, substantial further efforts are needed to complete and implement the desired regulatory framework, particularly as it affects the former government monopoly carrier, Turk Telekom and the cable companies. A further limiting factor in recent years has been an overall investment climate characterized by a high level of uncertainty for most investors, regardless of size or nationality. Policy recommendations to help accelerate the deployment of telecommunications technology include a clear reaffirmation of the government's priorities for the sector, a reduction in the level of regulatory uncertainty, strengthening the Board and Staff of the Telecommunications Authority, and reviewing policies to broaden the scope and decrease the cost of telecommunication licenses.
Rural patients' access to mobile phones and willingness to receive mobile phone-based pharmacy and other health technology services: a pilot study.

Abstract Objective: This pilot study explores the patient-centered demand for mobile phone-based health (mobile health [m-health]) services in the rural United States by documenting rural patients' access to mobile phones and patients' willingness to receive m-health services. Subjects and Methods: An anonymous institutional review board–approved survey was completed by patients visiting two rural pharmacies in Nebraska from August to October 2011. Patients who volunteered to complete the survey provided their demographic data, disease state information, health status, mobile phone access, and willingness to receive (in terms of using and giving time to) m-health services. Results: The majority of the 24 survey respondents were 19–40 years old (52%), female (88%), married (63%), with excellent to very good health status (63%), with no comorbidities (83%), with ≤$100 monthly medication expenses (80%), with private insurance (78%), living within 5 miles of their pharmacy (71%), and reporting that m-health s...
The Design of Broadband, Volumetric NRI Media Using Multiconductor Transmission-Line Analysis

Multiconductor transmission-line (MTL) analysis is used to model a broadband, volumetric negative-refractive-index (NRI) medium. Equations for the two-dimensional dispersion characteristics and the Bloch impedance are derived using a simplified periodic MTL analysis that provides insight into the operation of the NRI structure, while still accounting for spatial dispersion. Equations for the resonant points of the NRI medium are also derived, including the magnetic and electric plasma frequencies and the low-frequency backward-wave cutoff. The nature of each resonant point is discussed as well. Finally, this paper presents the modeling of finite structures with rigorous MTL analysis. Using this method, the reflection and transmission coefficients for normal incidence on a four-cell slab of the NRI medium are calculated and compared to full-wave simulation.
Concealed weapon detection using color image fusion

Image fusion is studied for detecting weapons or other objects hidden underneath a person's clothing. The focus of this paper is to develop a new algorithm to fuse a color visual image and a corresponding IR image for such a concealed weapon detection application. The fused image obtained by the proposed algorithm will maintain the high resolution of the visual image, incorporate any concealed weapons detected by the IR sensor, and keep the natural color of the visual image. The feasibility of the proposed fusion technique is demonstrated by some experimental results.
Median ellipse parameterization for robust measurement of fuel droplet size

The combustion properties of blended fuel combinations can be characterized by performing single droplet fuel combustion experiments. These combustion experiments are visualized using high speed image acquisition. Once the high speed images are obtained, the burn rate and other characteristics of combustion, such as the occurrence of microexplosions, can be characterized. Currently these quantities are either measured manually or are measured using automated software. However, the current software packages used for this task are limited in that they can only measure droplets that are elliptical in shape and manual corrections often have to be made to avoid significant errors in the measurement. An automated droplet tracking algorithm is presented that can automatically track droplet size without manual intervention due to its robustness to the presence of missing or extra edges in the images. In addition, the proposed method can track shapes more general than ellipses, which is required in order to track the droplet during microexplosions. The proposed algorithm starts by fitting ellipses to numerous five point subsets from the droplet edge data. The closed contour is parameterized by determining the median perimeter of the set of ellipses. The resulting curve is not an ellipse, allowing arbitrary closed contours to be parameterized. The performance of the proposed algorithm and the performance of existing algorithms are compared to a ground truth segmentation of the fuel droplet images. This comparison demonstrates that the median ellipse parameterization algorithm has improved performance for both area quantification and edge deviation.
Permittivity and Permeability Tensor Extraction Technique for Arbitrary Anisotropic Materials

Computing the permittivity and permeability of complex materials has previously relied on a series of simplifying assumptions to enable analysis. The most restricting requirement is that the optical axes of the material must align with the laboratory frame of reference. This requirement cannot be met for a large group of materials, including crystalline structures and metamaterials such as tilted nanorods. Currently, designing the optical characteristics of these structures would require ellipsometric analysis, which uses an error-correction-based technique. Here, a new technique built upon the underlying physics of ellipsometry is proposed to extract arbitrary permittivity and permeability tensors using a set of off-axis measurements. This new permittivity and permeability tensor extraction technique allows all 18 elements of the permittivity and permeability tensors to be nonzero and extracts them, given a set of reflectance and transmittance measurements. Several materials are analyzed here, including a) an isotopic plane of known permittivity, b) an anisotropic aligned structure, and c) a tilted-nanorod-based sample that cannot be measured using traditional methodologies. The isotropic plane shows very low error $( in the $x$ and $y$ tensor measurements and around 1% error in the $z$ tensor measurement at higher (metallic) permittivities. The aligned structure's characteristics are compared to measurements made with traditional techniques and show excellent agreement between the techniques. The tilted nanorod characteristics are analyzed and used to predict the reflection and transmission coefficients at other angles. The predictions compare very well with the computational electromagnetic simulations, showing at most 5% error over the range examined.
HIGH AND LOW THRESHOLD FOR STARTLE REACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH PTSD SYMPTOMS BUT NOT PTSD RISK: EVIDENCE FROM A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ACTIVE DUTY MARINES

BACKGROUND: Heightened startle response is a symptom of PTSD, but evidence for exaggerated startle in PTSD is inconsistent. This prospective study aimed to clarify whether altered startle reactivity represents a trait risk-factor for developing PTSD or a marker of current PTSD symptoms. METHODS: Marines and Navy Corpsmen were assessed before (n = 2,571) and after (n = 1,632) deployments to Iraq or Afghanistan with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). A predeployment startle-threshold task was completed with startle probes presented over 80-114 dB[A] levels. Latent class mixture modeling identified three growth classes of startle performance: "high," "low," and "moderate" threshold classes. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to assess relationships between predeployment startle threshold and pre- and postdeployment psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: At predeployment, the low-threshold class had higher PTSD symptom scores. Relative to the moderate-threshold class, low-threshold class membership was associated with decreased likelihood of being symptom-free at predeployment, based on CAPS, with particular associations with numbing and hyperarousal subscales, whereas high-threshold class membership was associated with more severe predeployment PTSD symptoms, in particular avoidance. Associations between low-threshold membership and CAPS symptoms were independent from measures of trauma burden, whereas associations between high-threshold membership and CAPS were not. Predeployment startle threshold did not predict postdeployment symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that both low startle threshold (heightened reactivity) and high startle threshold (blunted reactivity) were associated with greater current PTSD symptomatology, suggesting that startle reactivity is associated with current PTSD rather than a risk marker for developing PTSD. Language: en
Trans effects of cellular K and Cl on ouabain-resistant Rb(K) influx in low K sheep red bleed cells: Further evidence for asymmetry of K-Cl cotransport

The electroneutral K-Cl cotransport in low K+ (LK) sheep red blood cells is kinetically asymmetric and thermodynamically outward poised (Delpire and Lauf, 1991a). We have shown previously by trans-inhibition kinetics that Cl− binds prior to K+ to the outside configuration of the carrier. In the present study, we confirm that K+ and Cl− bind randomly to the cytoplasmic aspect of the transporter because K+ in the absence of Cl−, and Cl− in the absence of K+, trans-inhibit ouabain-resistant Rb+(K+) influx in these cells. In contrast to the trans-inhibition pattern observed outside, neither K+ nor Cl− trans-inhibit K+(Rb+) influx in the presence of the cotransported ion, further supporting the asymmetry of the K-Cl cotransporter.
IsoPlotter+: A Tool for Studying the Compositional Architecture of Genomes

Eukaryotic genomes, particularly animal genomes, have a complex, nonuniform, and nonrandom internal compositional organization. The compositional organization of animal genomes can be described as a mosaic of discrete genomic regions, called “compositional domains,” each with a distinct GC content that significantly differs from those of its upstream and downstream neighboring domains. A typical animal genome consists of a mixture of compositionally homogeneous and nonhomogeneous domains of varying lengths and nucleotide compositions that are interspersed with one another. We have devised IsoPlotter, an unbiased segmentation algorithm for inferring the compositional organization of genomes. IsoPlotter has become an indispensable tool for describing genomic composition and has been used in the analysis of more than a dozen genomes. Applications include describing new genomes, correlating domain composition with gene composition and their density, studying the evolution of genomes, testing phylogenomic hypotheses, and detect regions of potential interbreeding between human and extinct hominines. To extend the use of IsoPlotter, we designed a completely automated pipeline, called IsoPlotter+ to carry out all segmentation analyses, including graphical display, and built a repository for compositional domain maps of all fully sequenced vertebrate and invertebrate genomes. The IsoPlotter+ pipeline and repository offer a comprehensive solution to the study of genome compositional architecture. Here, we demonstrate IsoPlotter+ by applying it to human and insect genomes. The computational tools and data repository are available online.
The Science Information Exchange: Communication, Storage and Retrieval of Scientific Information

Abstract When the 20th century is classified by historians, it will probably be termed “the age of research.” Never before have there been almost unlimited funds available from so many sources for such a wide spectrum of research. Yet reason dictates that, despite the availability of these funds, one must “make haste slowly” because without this caution one may find at the conclusion of his research that he has only succeeded in rediscovering or relearning some already known fact. It is evident that, if for no other reason than economy, available resources must be used prudently. In the past, traditional lines of research were adhered to rather strictly. An investigator was known for his research in, for example, agriculture, biology, chemistry or physics, and he stayed strictly within the confines of these disciplines. It soon became apparent that the traditional lines of research were only providing answers to problems of a…
Magnetic damping of axisymmetric, unsteady thermocapillary convection in floating zones in microgravity

This paper explores the time-dependent thermocapillary convection in an electrically-conducting liquid cylinder with a strong, uniform magnetic field applied parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The top and bottom boundaries are electrically insulating solids, while the remaining boundary is a cylindrical free surface surrounded by an inviscid, electrically-insulating atmosphere. There is a heat flux into the free surface which leads to a strong thermocapillary convection in the liquid. These conditions correspond to the growth of high-purity semiconductor crystals by the floating-zone process in space. One of our objectives was to investigate whether an axial magnetic field would change the nature of the instability, leading to the possibility of periodic, axisymmetric flows, and we found no evidence of such a change. While the 2D analysis was computationally demanding, a 3D one would be even more so, due to the thin boundary layers which occur in MHD flows. We illustrate how asymptotic simplifications to the governing equations for large values of Hartmann number are possible without loss of accuracy for certain magnetic field strengths. (Author)
SERVICEABILITY SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF WOOD FLOORS ALLOWING FOR SHEATHING DISCONTINUITIES

This paper compares several design criteria for preventing unacceptable wood floor vibrations under occupant-induced loads and presents a sensitivity analysis based on static and dynamic responses of wood floor with engineered I-joist. Responses of floors with continuous and discontinuous (jointed) sheathing are compared. To accomplish this task, a user interface for the OpenSees finite element analysis program was developed. The interface was created in Microsoft Excel and allows user input for various floor system properties which are used as input into OpenSees. Results from the OpenSees program are imported into the user interface and compared against multiple acceptance criteria which have been established by researchers to determine fitness of the floor system. It was determined that a system with a 1.92 kPa (40 psf) uniform load modeled with one continuous piece of sheathing covering the entire floor system produced deflections which averaged 32 percent to a maximum of 45 percent lower than a floor system modeled with jointed sheathing. For a 1 kN (225 lb) force applied at the center of the floor, floors with jointed sheathing had an average of 12 percent and a maximum of 15 percent larger displacements compared to the floors with continuous sheathing. Floors with jointed sheathing had an average of 8 percent and a maximum of 12 percent lower unoccupied natural frequencies compared to the floors with continuous sheathing. Floors with jointed sheathing had an average of 10 percent and a maximum of 13 percent lower occupied natural frequencies compared to the floors with continuous sheathing. Floors with jointed sheathing also had an average of 17 percent and a maximum of 38 percent larger frequency-weighted one-second root-mean-square acceleration values compared to the floors with continuous sheathing. The results show that great care must be taken when simplifying the sheathing setup on a floor model since the results create the illusion of better serviceability performance than actual installed floors will achieve.
Therapeutic effects of Okam on asthmatic mice

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Okam on asthmatic mice.Methods The mice model of asthma was established with the egg albumen sensitization, and were treated with low and large doses of Okam for four weeks.The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the contents of matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the lung tissues.Results Gasp and inflammation in the lung tissues were significantly relieved in the test groups than that in the model group.MMP-9,TIMP-1 and MMP- 9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly lowered in the test group than that in the model group. Conclusion The marine drug of Okam shows therapeutic effects on mice with asthma,which may be the result of reduced contents of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues and the correction of the imbalanced MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio.Okam is likely to be a new choice for the treatment of asthma.
Corrections for lateral conduction error in steady state heat transfer measurements

Abstract Steady state measurements of convective heat transfer coefficient often use a constant wall heat flux condition along with measured temperature distribution to generate heat transfer coefficient maps. Large spatial gradients in the heat transfer coefficient may lead to lateral conduction within the heater foil, causing non-uniformity in the actual convective flux into the fluid, yielding errors in the calculated Nusselt numbers. This paper presents an analytical procedure for correcting such errors for a model system with a known heat transfer coefficient distribution and nominal 1-D applied wall heat flux. The resulting 2-D conduction problem is parametrized in terms of the Biot number Bi and the heat transfer coefficient distribution, expressed by the change in magnitude ρ and the peak gradient γ , as well as the proximity of the gradient region to a symmetry plane. Three model configurations are studied: a region of large gradients that is located far away from lateral boundaries, and two cases where the gradient region is located near a symmetry plane, viz. impingement heat transfer due to a slot jet and a round jet. It is shown that sharp spatial variations in heat transfer coefficient can lead to significant error in Nusselt number determination when the wall heat flux is assumed to be uniform. The error is shown to be amplified when the gradient region is located near a symmetry plane. Finally, the wall heat flux is correlated using of an expression that captures the results of the analytical calculations for the ranges of Bi, ρ and γ studied, which can be used to evaluate experimental designs for heat transfer measurement, and make corrections for the two-dimensional nature of heat transfer in the foil and insulation.
CHAPTER 7 – Cellular Models of Human Aging

Cellular models of human aging rely mainly on methods of cell biology and biochemistry. Although there are many differences between cultured cells and their counterparts in vivo, partly stemming from their dissociation from the three-dimensional array of tissues, research on mechanisms of cellular aging has been highly productive in developing and testing various theories. Three major approaches have been used in cytogerontology. One is to follow cell cultures from normal donors through subcultivation in vitro. Comparisons of molecular or cellular features are made between cells from early and late passages. The second is to compare in vitro features of early passage cells from old and young individuals. The third is to compare cells obtained from individuals with accelerated aging syndromes, such as progeria or Werner syndrome, with cells from age-matched normal donors. Research in aging and in cancer provides the two-stage model of cellular senescence. The first stage is mediated by cellular proteins in the p53, p21, or p16/ RB pathways. The second independent stage is linked to critical telomere shortening.
ILR Librarian Serious About Information

This is a profile of a librarian and his contribution to his institution and community. It provides an example of what a librarian can achieve if he or she has vision, energy, intelligence, and passion. Not bounded by the stereotype of the library profession, a talented librarian can be an agent of change. These talents are showcased in this article. It provides an example of what talent can achieve when an organization provides the freedom to perform. This article was written as a collaborative effort with Stuart Basefsky providing the content and Maralyn Edid writing the narrative and providing the interpretation useful to the audience served.
Semi-Supervised Life-Long Learning with Application to Sensing

We present a semi-supervised multitask learning (MTL) framework, where we have multiple partially labeled data manifolds, each defining a classification task for which we wish to design a semi-supervised classifier. These different data sets may be observed simultaneously, or over the sensor "lifetime". We propose a soft sharing prior over the parameters of all classifiers and learn all tasks jointly. The soft-sharing prior enables any task to robustly borrow information from related tasks. The semi-supervised MTL combines the advantages of semi-supervised learning and multitask learning, thus further improving the generalization performance of each classifier. Our MTL (or life-long learning) framework is based on our previous semi-supervised learning formulation, termed neighborhood-based classifier (NeBC) [1]. The performance of the semi-supervised MTL is validated by experimental results on several sensing data sets.
Concubinage and Consent

In our imperfect world, rape happens frequently but nearly no one publicly defends the legitimacy of forcible or nonconsensual sex. So pervasive is deference to some notion of consent that even Daʿish supporters who uphold the permissibility of enslaving women captured in war can insist that their refusal or resistance makes sex unlawful. Apparently, one can simultaneously laud slave concubinage and anathematize rape. A surprising assertion about consent also appears in a recent monograph by a scholar of Islamic legal history who declares in passing that the Qurʾan forbids nonconsensual relationships between owners and their female slaves, claiming that “the master–slave relationship creates a status through which sexual relations may become licit, provided both parties consent.” She contends that “the sources” treat a master's nonconsensual sex with his female slave as “tantamount to the crime of zinā [illicit sex] and/or rape.” Though I believe in the strongest possible terms that meaningful consent is a prerequisite for ethical sexual relationships, I am at a loss to find this stance mirrored in the premodern Muslim legal tradition, which accepted and regulated slavery, including sex between male masters and their female slaves.
EXPLORING THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN CAPACITY BUILDING

This paper reviews studies about capacity building that related to Human Resources Development (HRD). Capacity building can also be classified into three levels; individual capacity building, institutional capacity building and systemic capacity building capacity building (Garriga, 2013). McLagan (1989) explained that HRD is a field of study that typically consists of three main practice domains – organization development, training & development, and career development. This study seeks to explore how capacity building has been discussed in the field of HRD along with the challenges faced by HRD professional while implementing capacity building. I summarized the articles based on the their focus, research paradigms, guiding theories, journal publisher and years of publication within the past two decades. This paper also has implications for HRD professionals who are interested in the areas of capacity building.
Dynamics of Factor Income Shares in the United States

This essay examines the cyclical behavior and stability properties of four different measures of the labor share of income in the United States from 1948 through 2006. The evidence suggests that the share exhibits instability. This instability is sensitive to the measure of labor share deployed and whether that measure has been adjusted for the changing sectoral composition of production over time. We test a number of competing hypotheses about the determinants of the behavior of cyclical labor share, showing that its movements are traceable to just two indicators of the business cycle, namely lagged gross domestic product (GDP) and lagged multifactor productivity.
Abstract WP331: The Effect of ABCD2 Score as a Triage Tool for TIA Patients on 90 Day Hospital Re-Admission

Introduction and Objectives: After a transient ischemic attack, there is a 90 day increased risk of stroke that can be predicted by ABCD2 score. A TIA clinic for low risk (ABCD2 score <4) was estab...
The Effects of Green Tea Extract on Working Memory in Healthy Women

This study aimed to examine the effects of green tea extract on working memory in healthy younger (21 - 29 y) and older (50 - 63 y) women. A single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used. A university laboratory. Twenty non-smoking Caucasian women were recruited in the younger (10) and older (10) age group. Subjects received 5.4 g green tea extract (at least 45% epigallocatechin-3-gallate) or placebo (cornstarch) within a 24-hour period. Working memory was measured by reading span and N-back task paradigm. Blood sample (20 mL) was collected and measured for plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) concentration. A 24-hour recall was conducted for each treatment period to ensure similar dietary patterns. Green tea extract significantly improved reading span performance in older women, indicated by higher absolute and partial scores of reading span. No significant changes were observed in the younger group. N-back latencies and accuracies were not significantly different after green tea treatment in either age group. Plasma concentration of MDA and TEAC were not different after green tea extract in either group. Acute supplementation of decaffeinated green tea extract may enhance working memory capacity of women between 50 to 63 years of age. This study provides preliminary evidence that consumption of green tea extract may enhance the cognitive performance in older adults and thus provide potential chemopreventive benefits in this group. The mechanism should be explored in future research.
‘It shocks me, the place of women’: intersectionality and mining companies’ retrogradation of indigenous women in New Caledonia

Indigenous women’s social positionings are complex and dynamic, informed by culture and post-colonial politics; gender and ethnicity intersect with age, socio-economic status, and social hierarchie...
Elbow Arthroscopy: 30-Day Postoperative Complication Profile and Associated Risk Factors.

Purpose To analyze (1) the incidence and type of complications after elbow arthroscopy, (2) the incidence of returning to the operating room (OR) after elbow arthroscopy, and (3) patient and risk factors for complications across a national surgical outcome database. Methods Patients who underwent elbow arthroscopy from January 2005 through December 2014 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database by use of Current Procedural Terminology codes. Basic patient demographic data and medical comorbidities were recorded. Postoperative adverse events and a return to the OR occurring within 30 days after the index procedure were identified, and patient and procedural risk factors were investigated. Results Five hundred thirty elbow arthroscopy cases were available for analysis. The aggregate rate of 30-day adverse events was 2.83%, whereas the rate of any patient having an adverse event was 1.89%. The most common adverse event was deep infection (0.57%). Univariate analyses showed that renal disease, preoperative steroid use, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, and preoperative diagnosis were associated with the occurrence of an adverse event. Multivariate analyses showed that increasing ASA class, specifically ASA class 3 and class 4, was an independent predictor of a postoperative adverse event. Furthermore, 0.94% of cases required a return to the OR. Univariate analyses showed that preoperative steroid use and diagnosis of trauma were associated with a return to the OR. These findings were confirmed by multivariate analyses. Conclusions Overall, the incidence of 30-day postoperative adverse events (1.89%) and need to return to the OR (0.94%) is low. Increased ASA class is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of a postoperative adverse event; preoperative steroid use and diagnoses relating to a traumatic or inflammatory cause are predictive of the need to return to the OR. These results can assist surgeons in patient selection, preoperative optimization, and preoperative risk stratification. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
Quand les représentations s’invitent dans la conservation de la biodiversité, la réserve naturelle marine de La Réunion face à la crise Requin

La crise Requin a la Reunion a genere dans les medias et sur internet des representations pour lesquelles la reserve marine constitue le foyer principal de la crise. Des entretiens aupres de 29 usagers economiques, culturels ou traditionnels du milieu recifal, completes par des enquetes par questionnaire aupres de 495 personnes assimilees au grand public et a l’opinion publique montrent que les representations de la crise Requin et de la reserve naturelle marine de La Reunion sont modulees par la nature et l’intensite des relations d’usage avec le milieu recifal. Dans ce contexte, aucune de ces deux populations n’adhere a l’hypothese d’une responsabilite de la reserve marine dans la recrudescence des attaques de requins.
Evanescent Electromagnetics: A Novel, Super-Resolution, and Non-Intrusive, Imaging Technique for Biological Applications

Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes (STM and AFM) are used to study biological materials. These methods, often capable of achieving atomic resolutions, reveal fascinating information regarding the inner workings of these materials. However, both STM and AFM require physical contact to the specimen. In the case of STM, the specimen needs to be conducting as well. Here we introduce a new method for imaging biological materials through air or a suitable liquid using decaying or evanescent fields at the tip of a properly designed microwave resonator. This novel method involves the use of an evanescent microwave probe (EMP) and is capable of imaging a variety of non-uniformities in biological materials including conductivity, permittivity, and density variations. EMP is a non-contact and non-destructive sensor and it does not require conducting specimens. Its spatial resolution is currently around 0.4 μm at 1 GHz. We have used this probe to map non-uniformities in a variety of materials including metals, semiconductors, insulators, and biological and botanical samples. Here we discuss applications of EMP imaging in bone, teeth, botanical, and agricultural specimens.
The Limits to Private-sector Climate Change Action: The Geographies of Corporate Climate Governance

Corporate carbon footprint assessments have been employed by hundreds of the world’s largest corporations in an effort to take seriously the role of climate change for a company’s operations. These assessments differ from personal footprints in that to produce credible and transparent calculations, companies follow established reporting guidelines. This article investigates how the corporate carbon footprint structures the business response to climate change across space. Two key tasks are undertaken. First, in referencing the rules and standards for calculation, how the footprint tool makes sense of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) for companies, helping them establish ownership and responsibility for certain emission sources is described. This is accomplished through an emission ranking system where GHG sources are categorized as either owned (scope 1 or 2) or value chain (scope 3). Second, the spatial implications to using this governing device as a climate management tool are documented. To do this, the emission performance of twenty-one large US-based corporations over a six-year period (2010-15) are tracked. The data reveal that over time, corporations reduce their owned emissions, while their value chain emissions grow. The article argues that the footprint tool as a means to govern GHG emissions contributes to the spatializing of a corporate response climate change. Specifically, it works to enclose climate responsibility, locating it in particular spaces and not in others. Importantly, this represents a limit to what the private sector can accomplish with regard to climate change action and should be considered in light of recent widespread calls for private-sector leadership on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
In the wake of a terrorist attack, do Americans’ attitudes toward Muslims decline?:

When a terrorist attack occurs, a natural response may be increased public concern about terrorism. But when a self-described Muslim perpetrates a terrorist attack, do negative attitudes toward Mus...
Fuzzy Logic Controller Design in TM4C123G MCU System

In the last chapter, we provided very detailed discussions about the fuzzy logic control systems, including the fundamental theoretical knowledge of the fuzzy technologies and fuzzy inference systems, such as fuzzy sets, membership functions, control rules, lookup tables, and basic operations of a FIS. Following the theoretical introductions, a powerful tool, MATLAB® Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, is introduced and discussed with some real examples. Also, the MATLAB® Simulink, a powerful and useful simulation tool, is analyzed and discussed with a real DC motor control system. In this chapter, we will provide a more realistic implementation discussion about how to apply a FLC in a typical DC motor control system with a microcontroller programming project.
Respiratory Phase and Lung Volume Patterns During Swallowing in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose The coordination of respiration with swallowing is critical for facilitation of airway protection and the efficiency of movements that propel ingested material through the upper aerodigesti...