cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of Electrospun Polycaprolactone as a Dermal Scaffold for Skin Tissue Engineering

Rapid healing of acute and chronic skin defects is an important objective. In the present work, we report on the design and feasibility of a co-culture system for fibroblasts and keratinocytes by using electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. Specifically, we quantified the effect of scaffold fiber diameter on keratinocyte attachment, proliferation and differentiation along with collagen secretion by fibroblasts post vacuum seeding with fibroblasts at various depths. The results show that fibroblasts secrete more collagen and keratinocytes differentiate more on 400 nm scaffolds than on 1000 nm scaffolds. Also, fibroblasts co-cultured with keratinocytes provide increased collagen secretion and keratinocyte differentiation. These results suggest that the fiber architecture can be a useful parameter in skin tissue engineering.
Environmental Implications of Nitrogen Output on Horse Operations: A Review

Abstract Nutrients such as nitrogen (N), which go unused during the digestive process, are then excreted into the environment via urine, gas, or fecal matter. Excess N released in this manner may contribute to a reduction of the quality of air and groundwater sources. Many states have introduced or developed legislation mandating nutrient management plans on livestock operations to reduce environmental N losses. Strategies for reducing the environmental impacts of N on equine operations are twofold, including a reduction in N inputs and better management of N outputs. The practice of precision feeding, or feeding to accurately meet, but not exceed the nutrients requirements of an animal is a plausible method for reducing N inputs. This approach is not widely implemented, as feeding protein in excess of requirements is a common practice in the equine industry. Also, precision feeding is predicated on a body of data containing the nutrient availability and digestibility in different feed sources; data which are not fully elucidated in the horse. Management of N outputs on equine operations is largely based on data extrapolated from other livestock operations as well as a few preliminary efforts on horse farms. The potential impact of equine operations on N losses is explored in this review, shedding light on areas where further research and management strategies are needed.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Surfactants and Denaturants to Elute and Denature Adsorbed Protein on Different Surface Chemistries

The elution and/or denaturation of proteins from material surfaces by chemical excipients such as surfactants and denaturants is important for numerous applications including medical implant reprocessing, bioanalyses, and biodefense. The objective of this study was to develop and apply methods to quantitatively assess how surface chemistry and adsorption conditions influence the effectiveness of three commonly used surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, n-octyl-β-d-glucoside, and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate) and two denaturants (guanidium hydrochloride and urea) to elute protein (hen egg white lysozyme and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A) from three different surface chemistries (silica glass, poly(methyl methacrylate), and high-density polyethylene). The structure and bioactivity of residual protein on the surface following elution were characterized using circular dichroism spectropolarimetry and enzyme assays to assess the extent of protein denaturation. Our results indicate that the denaturants were generally more effective than the surfactants in removing the adsorbed proteins from each type of surface. Also, the denaturing capacity of these excipients on the residual proteins on the surfaces was distinctly different from their influence on the proteins in solution and was unique for each of the adsorption conditions. Taken altogether, these results reveal that the effectiveness of surfactants and denaturants to elute and denature adsorbed protein is significantly influenced by surface chemistry and the conditions from which the protein was adsorbed. These results provide a basis for the selection, design, and further development of chemical agents for protein elution and surface decontamination.
Homochiral helical metal-organic frameworks of potassium.

Two trifunctional ligands built from enantiopure amino acids and containing a 1,8-naphthalimide group have been used to prepare two new complexes of potassium that have extended structures based on homochiral-rod secondary building units. One structure is a three-dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF), while the other is a two-dimensional solid that is organized into a supramolecular MOF by strong π···π-stacking interactions of the naphthalimide groups in the third dimension.
New Ants of Rare Genera and a New Genus of Ponerine Ants

From collections of ants made by myself in the West Indies and Northern South America, incidental to studies on the biology of fungus-growing ants (Attini),[1][1] the following remarkable new cerapachyines and ponerines are selected for description.[2][2] All types, except that of Thaumatomyrmex manni , are in the author's collection. T. manni is in the U. S. National Museum. [1]: #fn-1 [2]: #fn-2
Mechanisms of Resistance in ‘Zapalote Chico’ Corn Silks to Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

A 2-year study was conducted in the laboratory on mechanisms of resistance of corn silks to feeding and behavior of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Antibiotic factors present in silks of ‘Zapalote Chico’ result in production of small larvae and pupae and a longer life cycle of FAW compared with those fed silks of ‘Stowell’s Evergreen’ sweet corn. Results of five separate choice tests indicated a high degree of non preference by larvae of FAW for ‘Zapalote Chico’ silks compared with silks of ‘Stowell’s Evergreen’.
Spontaneous Mutation in Gelasinospora Calospora, a Homothallic Fungus

Two spontaneous mutations affecting spore maturation are reported in Gelasinospora calospora, a homothallic fungus. It is concluded that the mutations occurred in two loci on the same chromosome an...
Affect Regulation, Brain Development, and Behavioral/Emotional Health in Adolescence

This paper addresses the importance of affect regulation (AR) in relation to a broad range of behavioral and emotional health problems that emerge during adolescence. AR is defined as the adaptive modulation of emotional experience to serve a goal or purpose. This conceptualization of AR emphasizes the use of cognitive skills to guide, inhibit, or modify emotion and behavior, including the expression of emotional responses, in learned, strategic ways-skills that ultimately underpin adult levels of social maturity and the ability to show "responsible" behavior across a range of emotional situations. Neurobehavioral systems that subserve these AR skills include areas of the inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex (PFC), with rich interconnections to several limbic structures and other cortical areas, including the dorsolateral PFC. Adolescence represents an important developmental period in the functional maturation of adult AR skills; it is also a critical time in the development of clinical disorders of AR (eg, rates of depression increase dramatically and gender differences in depression emerge). Maturational changes in AR that occur during adolescence-particularly with respect to the role of emotions influencing responsible decision making-are also relevant to understanding key aspects of the developmental pathways of some behavioral health problems, such as alcohol use and nicotine dependence. A strong case is made for developmental research in affective neuroscience aimed at this important maturational period, particularly the kind of transdisciplinary research leading toward mechanistic understanding of the development of adolescent-onset disorders. Improving understanding in these areas could ultimately lead to the development of early interventions in targeted high-risk populations, and has enormous clinical and social policy relevance.
Reinforcement of polypropylene with lignocellulose nanofibrils and compatibilization with biobased polymers

Freeze-dried and milled lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) were used to reinforce polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites. The LCNF, containing up to 9% lignin, was obtained from residual Empty Palm Fruit Bunch (EPFB) fibers. Soy protein isolate (SPI) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were tested as coupling agents as well as maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP), which was used as a reference. A good level of dispersion of LCNF in the PP matrix while mechanical testing and thermal analyses indicated an improvement of the thermo-mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites was revealed upon loading of the lignin-containing nanofibrils. The tensile modulus of PP was increased by 15% upon the addition of 1% LCNF with SPI as a compatibilizer. Likewise, the thermal stability of the composites was most markedly enhanced. Overall, LCNF and SPI, two important bioresources, are introduced here for the development of novel and cost-effective PP-based composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43854.
Optimization of Mechanical Linkages in Robot Manipulators

Deflections of revolute links in manipulators are caused by inertia forces during acceleration/deceleration regimes. For a given angular acceleration, principal inertia forces are generated by the distal segment of the link. On the other hand, maximum bending moments M are induced in the proximal segment of the link.
The LANL Gradiometer Orientation Device

A fundamental problem for neuromagnetic recording techniques is to determine the position and orientation of the sensors with respect to a subject’s head. Until these parameters can be accurately characterized the ability to localize neuromagnetic signal sources precisely will be limited. At Los Alamos we are developing an inexpensive system designed to provide this essential information in a manner compatible with neuroscience experiments. Our approach is to place three sets of three mutually orthogonal magnetic loop dipole transmitters at salient points on the head surface. These can be activated sequentially to produce signals that are detected by each gradiometer. A program has been written to determine the positions of each transmitter cluster in the dewar reference frame. Because the locations of three points can also be determined in the head-centered coordinate system1, it is possible to determine the translation and rotation transforms relating the gradiometer and the head coordinate systems.
In utero exposure to LPS alters the postnatal acute-phase response in beef heifers.

The potential effect of prenatal LPS exposure on the postnatal acute phase response (APR) to an LPS challenge in heifers was determined. Pregnant crossbred cows were separated into prenatal immune ...
Optimal Penetration of Home Energy Management Systems in Distribution Networks Considering Transformer Aging

In the near future, home energy management systems (HEMSs) will become common in reaction to time-varying pricing, and residential electricity customers’ striving to minimize their energy costs. However, if many residences connected to a common pole-top transformer are all optimizing their electricity consumption based on the same electricity tariff, their aggregated demand may result in large, short-lived peaks. Traditional demand peaks would be reduced since the electricity prices are high, but early morning (low price periods) demand peaks would be increased. Since high demand increases transformer temperatures and degrades their insulation, managing these peaks extends transformer life and reduces network upkeep costs. This paper presents an approach for managing the rollout of HEMSs on a distribution feeder. Several heuristic strategies for incentivizing customer adoption of HEMSs are investigated and compared to the optimal adoption strategy. A case study using representative data is conducted and the results show that transformer aging costs can be reduced by an order of magnitude by managing adoption rates and strategies. When incentivization costs are included, the optimal HEMS penetration and net benefit are reduced, but a value proposition still exists for targeted HEMS adoption.
The effect of a state income tax on migration: the example of Connecticut

State-level income tax policy is a hotly debated topic in both academic and political spheres. Although economic theory and some empirical analyses suggest that larger income tax burdens affect migration decisions, there is also a good deal of empirical evidence showing that tax policy has little to no effect. This lack of consensus in the academic literature is echoed in the political world, where many states are debating whether to eliminate income taxes or reduce rates as a means of spurring economic growth. Connecticut’s adoption of an income tax policy in 1991 provides a unique opportunity to analyse the impact of a sizable income tax policy change on migration. The results suggest that Connecticut’s income tax deterred movement into the state but had no impact on exit from the state, resulting in a net loss in migration.
Variation in the clinical and genetic evaluation of undervirilized boys with bifid scrotum and hypospadias.

Background Bifid scrotum and hypospadias can be signs of undervirilization, yet boys presenting with these findings often do not undergo genetic evaluation. In some cases, identifying an underlying genetic diagnosis can help to optimize clinical care and improve guidance given to patients and families. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize current practice for genetic evaluation of patients with bifid scrotum, and to identify approaches with a good diagnostic yield. Methods A retrospective study of the Boston Children's Hospital electronic medical records (1993–2015) was conducted using the search term “bifid scrotum” and clinical data were extracted. Data were abstracted into a REDCap database for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, SAS, and Excel software. Results The search identified 110 subjects evaluated in the Urology and/or Endocrinology clinics for bifid scrotum. Genetic testing (including karyotype, microarray, or targeted testing) was performed on 64% of the subjects with bifid scrotum; of those tested, 23% (15% of the total cohort of 110 subjects) received a confirmed genetic diagnosis. Karyotype analysis, when performed, led to a diagnosis in 17% of patients. Of the ten instances when androgen receptor gene sequencing was performed, a pathogenic mutation was identified 20% of the time. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the majority of individuals with moderate undervirilization resulting in bifid scrotum do not receive a genetic diagnosis. Over a third of the analyzed subjects did not have any genetic testing, even though karyotype analysis and androgen receptor (AR) sequencing were both relatively high yield for identifying a genetic etiology. Increased utilization of traditional genetic approaches could significantly improve the ability to find a genetic diagnosis. Figure options Download full-size image Download high-quality image (129 K) Download as PowerPoint slide
Physical Educators' Engagement in Online Adapted Physical Education Graduate Professional Development.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate in-service physical education teachers’ engagement during online adapted physical education (APE) graduate professional development. This study was based on andragogy theory. All participants were in-service physical education teachers enrolled in a state-approved online APE endorsement program at a Midwestern public university in the United States. The program includes two online courses (Introduction of APE and Practicum in APE). Data collection included face-to-face open-ended interviews, peer-review feedback assignments, practicum experience reports and bulletin board discussion logs. As supplement material, this study used a demographic questionnaire which included questions pertaining to the participants’ personal characteristics (e.g. race, age, sex) and current teaching experiences. A constant comparative method was used to interpret the data, and this allowed themes to emerge from the data as well as from the theoretical framework. Four interre...
Patched Image Databases

Large images or many images are common in LANDSAT and CAT-scan analysis, and VLSI design. A technique is described here for manipulating large images as collections of smaller ones. This general method begins by the user specifying areas of interest in his image(s). The areas are then covered (automatically or interactively) with patches of a convenient size. An index to the collection of patches is created. This database is then used, with the help of an image operating system, in lieu of the original data for the user’s application. Data compaction and faster access, particularly for interactive applications, are benefits of this method.
CD23 Receptor Positivity Has No Prognostic Implication in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Abstract 4397 BACKGROUND Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) phenotypically expresses CD23, although the percentage of positive cells measured by flow cytometry is variable. We sought to analyze whether the percent of CD23 positive cells in the CLL clone correlates with time to treat (TTT), overall survival (OS) and prognostic markers CD38, ZAP-70, and IGHV mutation status. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the flow cytometry data of 332 CLL patients on the gated population of cells that were CD5 and CD19 positive. Percentage positivity for CD23, CD38, and ZAP-70 was noted. CD38 and ZAP-70 were considered positive at cut-offs of >= 30% and >=20%, respectively. CD23 was considered negative at = 30%. IGHV sequence was determined from cDNA and then compared to germline to assess mutation status using IMGT/V-QUEST. The distributions of time from diagnosis until start of treatment and overall survival were stratified by CD23 positivity, estimated using the product limit method, and compared using the log rank test. Those who had expired without treatment or were alive and not treated at this time point were censored in the TTT analysis. Those who were still alive were censored in the OS analysis. Associations of CD23 positivity with IGHV mutation status, ZAP-70, and CD38 positivity were examined using the chi-square test. RESULTS Out of 332 patients, 25 had diminished CD23 expression ( 30%). There was no difference in time until start of treatment or overall survival based on CD23 %positivity. CD23 %positivity showed no associations with IGHV mutation status, ZAP-70 or CD38 positivity. CONCLUSION CD23 percent positivity has no prognostic significance in CLL. There is no correlation between CD23 percent positivity and poor prognostic markers such as CD38, ZAP-70, or IGHV mutation status. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hsp70's RNA-binding and mRNA-stabilizing activities are independent of its protein chaperone functions

Hsp70 is a protein chaperone that prevents protein aggregation and aids protein folding by binding to hydrophobic peptide domains through a reversible mechanism directed by an ATPase cycle. However, Hsp70 also binds U-rich RNA including some AU-rich elements (AREs) that regulate the decay kinetics of select mRNAs and has recently been shown to bind and stabilize some ARE-containing transcripts in cells. Previous studies indicated that both the ATP- and peptide-binding domains of Hsp70 contributed to the stability of Hsp70–RNA complexes and that ATP might inhibit RNA recruitment. This suggested the possibility that RNA binding by Hsp70 might mimic features of its peptide-directed chaperone activities. Here, using purified, cofactor-free preparations of recombinant human Hsp70 and quantitative biochemical approaches, we found that high-affinity RNA binding requires at least 30 nucleotides of RNA sequence but is independent of Hsp70's nucleotide-bound status, ATPase activity, or peptide-binding roles. Furthermore, although both the ATP- and peptide-binding domains of Hsp70 could form complexes with an ARE sequence from VEGFA mRNA in vitro, only the peptide-binding domain could recover cellular VEGFA mRNA in ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitations. Finally, Hsp70-directed stabilization of VEGFA mRNA in cells was mediated exclusively by the protein's peptide-binding domain. Together, these findings indicate that the RNA-binding and mRNA-stabilizing functions of Hsp70 are independent of its protein chaperone cycle but also provide potential mechanical explanations for several well-established and recently discovered cytoprotective and RNA-based Hsp70 functions.
Novel NMR Techniques to Study Structural and Dynamical Properties of DNA Quadruplexes.

Since the right-handed double helical conformation was first described by Watson and Crick (1), we have realized that DNA is highly polymorphic as evidenced by left-handed DNA (2), parallel-stranded DNA (3), DNA quadruplexes (4), and DNA i-motifs (5), to name a few. The conformation a particular segment of DNA assumes, as well as its thermodynamic stability and ligand binding properties, depend highly upon its sequence context and also on environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, cations present, pH, and so on).
Discretion and state influence at the international criminal court: The prosecutor's preliminary examinations

In November 2016, the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) at the International Criminal Court (ICC) produced an extensive report documenting the status of ten “preliminary examinations” it is conducting. These examinations cover situations in which crimes under the jurisdiction of the Court may have been committed but the prosecutor has not yet decided to open a full investigation. The OTP's reporting practice has shed additional light on a process that has been opaque for much of the Court's existence and that has attracted relatively limited scholarly and specialist attention.
Police violence among women in four U.S. cities

Police violence has been identified as a public health concern in the U.S., yet few studies have assessed the prevalence and nature of police violence among women. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that women reporting intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) to police are often met with harmful or neglectful police responses and thus, women's exposures to police violence may be associated with experiences of IPV and SV; however, this has not yet been empirically tested. This study assesses lifetime prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of police violence among women and investigates potential associations between IPV, SV, and police violence. A cross-sectional survey was administered in four Eastern U.S. cities in March and April 2016 (N=932). Physical, sexual, and psychological police victimization and neglect by police were assessed. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between IPV, SV, and police violence, adjusting for sociodemographics. Lifetime prevalence of physical (4%), sexual (3.3%), and psychological (14.4%) police violence and neglect (17.2%), show that a notable proportion of women experience police victimization, with significantly higher rates among racial and ethnic minority women. Women with IPV and SV histories had increased odds of experiencing most forms of police violence compared to women without IPV and SV histories. Findings suggest the need for gender-inclusive community-centered policing initiatives and other preventive efforts aimed at eliminating police violence. Police violence and victimization among women should also be considered in IPV and SV intervention and treatment responses.
Is stereotactic radiosurgery of brain metastases in patients with poor performance status worthwhile

192Background: Performance status is a consistent predictor of outcome in people with advanced disease. Variable prognosis has not led to the exclusion of patients with Karnofsky performance scores of < 70 from treatment of brain metastases (BRM) with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The role of SRS for BRM in individuals with poor performance status (PPS) has not been elucidated to date. To better understand the prognostic utility of SRS in this particular patient cohort, we assessed the longevity periods of our treated PPS subjects with BRM. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with BRM treated by SRS during a 10-year period (2000-2009) identified 22 adult individuals with PPS; PPS was defined by the presence of severe hemiparesis or cerebellar ataxia. The primary endpoint of the analysis was survival because of some limitations in the obtained data. The mean follow-up was 26 months (range: < 1 to 144 months). Results: The mean age was 55.8 years, and the majority of the subjects were female. Mos...
Financial management trends in latin america

Reform of the government financial management system is part of every public sector reform program currently being implemented in Latin America. This is because of the emphasis on efficiency, effectiveness and economy that has become part of the development dialogue on public sector performance. Although it is still too early to measure the benefits derived from the reforms, it is possible to identify certain positive experiences, as well as lessons learned and problems encountered.
Missionary Fit: A Criterion-Related Model:

Missionary-sending agencies are becoming concerned about missionary attrition. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a strategy for identifying the antecedents to successful missionary service. ...
Accurate measurement of the first excited nuclear state in U 235

We have used superconducting high-resolution radiation detectors to measure the energy level of metastable $^{235m}\mathrm{U}$ as 76.737 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.018 eV. The $^{235m}\mathrm{U}$ isomer is created from the \ensuremath{\alpha} decay of $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}$ and embedded directly into the detector. When the $^{235m}\mathrm{U}$ subsequently decays, the energy is fully contained within the detector and is independent of the decay mode or the chemical state of the uranium. The detector is calibrated using an energy comb from a pulsed UV laser. A comparable measurement of the metastable $^{229m}\mathrm{Th}$ nucleus would enable a laser search for the exact transition energy in $^{229}\mathrm{Th}\ensuremath{-}^{229m}\mathrm{Th}$ as a step towards developing the first ever nuclear (baryonic) clock.
Trail Chemicals of the Convergens Ladybird Beetle, Hippodamia convergens, Reduce Feeding and Oviposition by Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Citrus Plants

We investigated feeding and oviposition behavior of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, when exposed to the foraging trails of the convergens ladybird beetle, Hippodamia convergens. Diaphorina citri females feeding on citrus leaves directly exposed to the ladybird adults or treated with trail extract excreted significantly less honeydew droplets than controls. The trail chemicals of the ladybird beetle also decreased oviposition by D. citri females on citrus. In a no-choice experiment, D. citri females preferred to oviposit on control flush and plants than those with ladybird trail-extract treatments. In two-choice experiments, 68.0% of D. citri released into cages exhibited strong selection preference for settling and eventual oviposition on control plants than plants treated with ladybird trail extract. Diaphorina citri eggs were found on all new leaf flush of control plants, whereas only 29.5% of flush on treatment plants were selected for oviposition. The trail chemical deposited by the convergens ladybird beetle elicits repellency of D. citri feeding and oviposition. Therefore, the trail chemicals my contain components that could be useful for behavior-based management of D. citri and HLB disease by reducing psyllid feeding and oviposition.
Degradable and renewably-sourced poly(ester-thioethers) by photo-initiated thiol–ene polymerization

With the aim of preparing sustainable and degradable polymers from sugar-derived precursors, a family of five poly(ester-thioethers) were synthesized by photoinitiated thiol–ene polymerization of monomers incorporating D-glucaro-1,4:6,3-dilactone (GDL). Various dithiols were used to produce linear poly(ester-thioethers) of glucarodilactone 10-undecenoate (GDLU) to probe the effect of the dithiols on the observed mechanical performance and degradability. The samples exhibited glass transition (Tg) values from −8.7 to 19 °C. The polymers with the simplest dithiols, 1,2-ethanedithiol (EtDT) and 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octane-dithiol (DODT), were found to exhibit crystallinity, while the more structurally complex and rigid dithiol structures were found to produce amorphous materials. Due to the GDL units in the polymers, rapid degradation under basic aqueous conditions and stability in acidic and neutral conditions were observed. Tensile testing of these materials showed robust mechanical properties, including tunable moduli (0.011 to 0.29 GPa), strength (21 to 42 MPa), and ductility (410 to 590%).
Social Scientists’ Data Reuse Principally Influenced by Disciplinary Norms, Attitude, and Perceived Effort

A Review of: Yoon, A. & Kim, Y. (2017). Social scientists’ data reuse behaviors: Exploring the roles of attitudinal beliefs, attitudes, norms, and data repositories. Library & Information Science Research, 39(3), 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2017.07.008 Abstract Objective – To propose and test a model grounded in constructs from psychology and information systems to explain data reuse behaviours and practices in the social sciences. Design – Electronic survey. Setting – ProQuest’s Community of Science Scholars database. Subjects – Included 2,193 randomly selected social scientists associated with U.S. academic institutions. Methods – An electronic survey was distributed to a random sample of U.S.-based social science scholars from ProQuest’s Community of Science Scholars database. The survey adapted 21 measurement items for constructs taken from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the technology acceptance model (TAM), including perceived usefulness, perceived effort, and the subjective norm surrounding data reuse. Main Results – There were 292 valid responses received, giving a response rate of 14.91%. Survey data largely validated the authors’ theoretical model. Attitudinal, normative, and resource factors all influence social scientists’ intended data reuse. In particular, perceived usefulness of reusing data and subjective norms surrounding data reuse in one’s discipline positively correlate with intentions to reuse data, and perceived concern of reusing data negatively correlate with intentions to reuse data. Conclusion – Data reuse in the social sciences is influenced by the perceptions and beliefs held by social scientists. Social scientists reuse others’ data when they perceive that doing so would improve their research productivity and when their discipline has strong norms of data reuse. They avoid reusing others’ data when they believe that doing so is problematic (e.g., if they believe reusing infringes on copyright). Supporters of data sharing, including librarians, are encouraged to apply these findings by proactively educating researchers on the benefits, potential obstacles, and methods of data reuse.
Band gap synthesis in elastic monatomic lattices via input shaping

This work describes control-theoretic methods for inducing a band gap-like behavior in elastic monatomic lattices. The dynamics of the system under consideration are derived in detail. Open-loop pre-filtering techniques, in the form of Posicast and user-selected time delay filters, are then utilized to eliminate specific frequency contents from the response of the multi-degree of freedom spring-mass chain. The input shaping approach is used to synthesize one or more band gaps in a homogenous lattice that can be designed to resemble Bragg-scattering in phononic crystals, as well as local resonance effects in acoustic metamaterials. The presence of the synthesized band gaps in the lattice’s dispersion behavior is validated using a spatiotemporal Fourier transform of the system’s impulse response as well as the frequency response of the end-to-end transfer function. Finally, an analysis of the control effort required to cancel the targeted system poles is carried out.
Supply Chain Optimization at Hugo Boss (A)

Inventory, Order management cycle, Order processing, Order quantity, Lines of business, Product management, Consumer goods, Department stores, Retail stores, Retailers, Retailing, Supply chain management, Supply chains.
Sustainability and Environmental Issues

It is popular to talk about sustainability of agricultural and industrial activities. The word sustainability is used so often and in such varied contexts that it is essentially meaningless. In business terms, a sustainable project is one that can continue to make a profit for a long time. However, in environmental and socioeconomic considerations, sustainable projects are those that do not cause serious environmental and social impacts and do not deplete the resource base. Factors usually included in discussions of sustainable agriculture are land use, water use, energy consumption, feed utilization, environmental effects, and socioeconomic impacts. These same factors should be included in considerations of sustainability in aquaculture. One view of sustainable aquaculture is that it uses minimum inputs, but this is not a practical view because low-input aquaculture is seldom very profitable. Sustainable aquaculture should involve the wise use of resources, good environmental stewardship, and avoidance of negative social impacts, but inputs do not necessarily have to be minimal or profits low.
Interactions between Lithium Growths and Nanoporous Ceramic Separators

Summary To enable lithium (Li) metal anodes with high areal capacity that can match advanced cathodes, we investigate the growth mechanisms and the tendency of the deposited metal to penetrate nanoporous ceramic separators across a range of practical current densities. Our results from realistic sandwich cells and special transparent junction cells suggest the existence of three growth modes of lithium, due to the competing reactions of lithium deposition and the solid electrolyte interphase formation. A critical current density (6 mA cm −2 ), ∼30% of the system-specific limiting current density, is identified as a practical safety boundary for battery design and operation, under which root-growing lithium whiskers are the dominant structure of electrodeposition and can be blocked by the nanoporous ceramic separator. Our operando experiments reveal that metal penetration of the separator does not lead to zero voltage immediately, but rather to sudden, small voltage drops, which should not be treated as benign soft shorts.
Response variations of a cantilever beam–tip mass system with nonlinear and linearized boundary conditions:

The distributed parameter governing equations of a cantilever beam with a tip mass subjected to principal parametric excitation are developed using a generalized Hamilton's principle. Using a Galer...
Predictors of Physical Activity for Preschool Children With and Without Disabilities From Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Settings

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in motor competence, perceived motor competence (PMC), body mass index, and physical activity (PA) and to assess factors that predict PA behaviors of preschool children with and without disabilities. A total of 59 children with (n = 28) and without (n = 31) disabilities participated in the study. Results revealed that children with disabilities had significantly greater amounts of PA than peers without disabilities. There were no significant differences for motor competence, PMC, and body mass index for children with or without a disability. Although age and body mass index were controlled, both disability and PMC significantly predicted PA. Future intervention studies should consider maintaining high levels of PMC, as it is a significant predictor of PA.
The Story of the Dubai International Financial Centre Courts: A Retrospective

Can Western-based, English-speaking, common law commercial courts operate successfully in an environment that are not their own — such as in the Middle East? This question is not a simple thought experiment but rather the reality that has occurred since the mid-2000s in the Emirate of Dubai. This monograph recounts the history of how the ‘Dubai International Financial Centre Courts’ emerged. Drawing on extensive interviews with key stakeholders involved in the process, along with rich original documents as well as all of the Courts’ judgments, this narrative offers important lessons for those seeking to understand more fully the complex interplay of how law, legal institutions and legal and political actors operate in today’s globalised world.
Quantifying seasonal and diurnal variation of stomatal behavior in a hydraulic-based stomatal optimization model

Plant responses to drought occur across many time-scales, with stomatal closure typically considered to be a critical short-term response. Recent theories of optimal stomatal conductance linked to plant hydraulic transport have shown promise, but it is not known if stomata update their hydraulic “shadow price” of water use (marginal increase in carbon cost with a marginal drop in water potential) over days, seasons, or in response to recent drought. Here, I estimate the hydraulic shadow price in five species – two semi-arid gymnosperms, one temperate and two tropical angiosperms – at daily timescales and in wet and dry periods. I tested whether the shadow prices varies predictably as a function of current and/or lagged drought conditions. Diurnal estimates of the hydraulic shadow price estimated from observed stomatal conductance, while variable, did not vary predictably with environmental variables. Seasonal variation in shadow price was observed in the gymnosperm species, but not the angiosperm species, and did not meaningfully influence prediction accuracy of stomatal conductance. The lack of systematic variation in shadow price and high predictive ability of stomatal conductance when using a single set of parameters further emphasizes the potential of hydraulic-based stomatal optimization theories.
Patterns of B Cell Repletion Following Rituximab Therapy in a Pediatric Rheumatology Cohort.

Objective To investigate the association between demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, the number of rituximab (RTX) rounds, and concurrent immunosuppression on B cell level repletion following RTX therapy. Methods A retrospective chart review of 112 children who met inclusion criteria and were treated with RTX at a single institution was performed. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted and compared. CD19 levels were reviewed at 6 and 12 months post-RTX with depletion defined as fewer than 10 cells/μL and complete repopulation to normal levels defined as 170 cells/μL or more. Results Among patients with CD19 levels, 48% of patients remained depleted at 6 months, 89% were repleted with 10 cells/μL or more by 12 months, and 46% remained below normal levels at 12 months following infusion. There was no significant association between the number of RTX rounds or underlying disease and persistent depletion below normal levels at 12 months following RTX infusion. Depletion at 6 months was associated with a 79% chance of persistent depletion below normal levels at 12 months. The association between concurrent cyclophosphamide (CYC) and repletion of 10 cells/μL or more at 6 (P = 0.091) and 12 months (P = 0.087) trended toward significance with no significant association between CYC and persistent depletion below normal levels. Conclusion RTX therapy for pediatric rheumatic diseases is well-tolerated and results in variable repletion and normalization of B cell numbers at 6 and 12 months. B cell repletion in children is variable and independent of underlying disease and of the number of RTX infusions.
A unified classification for inguinal hernias

A November 1998 survey of 50 North American and 25 European hernia surgeons revealed that 4 different classification systems for inguinal hernias are in active use today. Almost half of these specialists use the generic traditional system of indirect, direct and femoral. The 4 systems and their origins are reviewed, and a unified classification is proposed. The unified system 1) divides the Indirect and Direct categories into small and large based on size or loss of anatomic function; 2) defines combined as any inguinal hernia that has both Indirect and Direct defects; and 3) creates an Other category for infrequent, hard to classify inguinal-femoral hernias.
Time-harmonic response of transversely isotropic and layered poroelastic half-spaces under general buried loads

Abstract A semi-analytical method is developed for solving the dynamic response of transversely isotropic, multilayered, and poroelastic half-spaces with different surface hydraulic conditions and subjected to time-harmonic vertical and horizontal loads buried in the layered half-space. The coupled governing equations of motion are presented in details in terms of the Biot's poroelastodynamic theory via the (u,p) formulation. The cylindrical system of vector functions is introduced to express the unknown primary quantities so that the coupled governing partial differential equations can be reduced and separated into two sets of first-order ordinary differential equations (i.e., the LM- and N-types). A recursive relation for the expansion coefficients among different layers is established by virtue of the stable and efficient dual variable and position method. Making use of the boundary and interface conditions, the fundamental solutions are obtained in terms of the vector-function system. The corresponding physical-domain solutions are then derived via an accurate semi-infinite integral algorithm. The developed fundamental solutions are carefully checked with existing solutions, and numerical examples are further presented to demonstrate the effect of material anisotropy, loading depth, material layering, and surface hydraulic condition on the dynamic response, which should be useful to design engineers. These solutions could be further served as benchmarks for future numerical methods.
Effect of Medical Scribes on Outpatient Oncology Visits at a Multidisciplinary Cancer Center

PURPOSE:The use of medical scribes has emerged as a strategy to increase clinic workflow efficiency and reduce physician burnout. While oncology clinics may be ideally suited to scribe integration ...
The story of property: Meditations on gentrification, renaming, and possibility:

Property is a story. We assign land and resources legal status, and we narrate this as ownership and power. The interlocking loans, credit, and debt from which housing markets are compiled are buil...
Welfare impacts of new demand‐enhancing agricultural products: The case of Honeycrisp apples

Agricultural research and development programs on new demand‐enhancing products have become increasingly important over the past decade. Large numbers of new agricultural products have been developed and commercialized in the United States to meet consumers’ increasingly diverse expectations for food quality. However, little is known about their economic benefits. Focusing on the apple market, we investigate the welfare impacts of the introduction of Honeycrisp apples in a market equilibrium framework. We use market data on apple sales from 61 cities across the United States between 2009 and 2015. We find the introduction of Honeycrisp increased consumer welfare, which is mainly explained by the increased number of total apple varieties. We also find that the introduction of Honeycrisp apples has increased overall market size and total apple sales. To extrapolate our results to the entire U.S. apple market, we perform a back‐of‐the‐envelope analysis and find that the introduction of Honeycrisp apples has increased total consumer welfare by about 859 million dollars during the study period. This corresponds to approximately 19% of the annual average domestic expenditures on public food and agricultural R&D.
Anal Conditions: Rectovaginal Fistula

Rectovaginal fistulas are a challenging condition, causing physical and psychosocial suffering for the patient and management dilemmas for the surgeon. The term “rectovaginal” is a generic term including anovaginal, anoperineal, and pouch-vaginal fistulas. Obstetric trauma and Crohn’s disease account for the majority of fistulas. A thorough evaluation to understand the fistula anatomy and health of surrounding tissue, and adequate drainage to control sepsis are mandatory prior to surgical intervention. The repair must be tailored to the patient, and it is imperative that the surgeon have a variety of approaches in the armamentarium.
A Case of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With COVID-19.

A novel member of human RNA coronavirus, which is an enveloped betacoronavirus, has been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS COV-2). The illness caused by SARS COV-2 is referred to as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a highly contagious disease that has resulted in a global pandemic. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, multi-organ dysfunction, and death. The most common symptoms include fever, fatigue, dry cough, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Neurological manifestations have also been reported. However, the data on the association of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) with COVID-19 are scarce. We report a rare case of a COVID-19-positive 36-year-old immunocompromised male who presented with clinical features of GBS. His clinical examination showed generalized weakness and hyporeflexia. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed albuminocytological dissociation. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administered based on the high clinical suspicion of GBS. The patient's neurological condition worsened with progression to bulbar weakness and ultimately neuromuscular respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. His nerve conduction studies were consistent with demyelinating polyneuropathy. He received five plasma exchange treatments and was successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation. A brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging was obtained to rule out other causes, which was normal. COVID-19 is believed to cause a dysregulated immune system, which likely plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of GBS.
Engineered net shaping of alumina ceramics using picosecond laser

Abstract Traditional machining techniques pose significant drawbacks when applied to ceramics due to the material’s inherent brittleness. Specialized laser machining has been known to solve these issues through higher precision and micrometer-scale feature control. In this study, a picosecond fiber laser has been proposed as a near-net shaping material removal system for different engineering applications of industrial grade alumina ceramics with a variety of thicknesses and feature dimensions. This article particularly focuses on optimizing picosecond laser processing parameters (i.e., wobble amplitude, wobble frequency, wobble pitch, linear speed and number of passes) that were implemented to obtain ablated, deep, smooth and defect-free designed cut geometries (i.e., kerf taper and cut depth) with a high degree of precision. The surface roughness was assessed to determine the quality of the cuts. The optimal process parameters between the quality and material removal rate were introduced. Using a circular wobble laser pattern, it was determined that a greater cut depth can be achieved at lower linear speeds and wobble frequencies due to the higher linear energy density. It has also been found that the kerf taper is dependent on the cut depth and wobble amplitude, where the measured cuts follow the geometric relation between these parameters accurately. In addition, a maximum material removal rate of ~ 10 mm3/min was achieved to make a desired ablated cut profile in the alumina ceramic tiles as thick as 2.54 mm (0.1 in).