cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimum Management of Juvenile Chronic Polyarthritis

The early diagnosis of juvenile chronic polyarthritis rests on the recognition of 3 distinct modes of onset that are important in preventing deformities, blindness, and even death. Systemic onset is characterised by typical systemic features, including high spiking fever and rheumatoid rash; polyarticular onset is characterised by arthritis of more than 4 joints; and pauciarticular onset by involvement of 4 joints or less, most often a knee initially.
Democratic University Administration at a Russian University A Case Study

In this case study, the author examines how effectively democracy functions at a Russian university during the post-Soviet period. In doing research for this article, the author conducted a literature review and interviewed in-depth the leading political actors. The author finds that at least at this Russian university, which is beleaguered by an extreme lack of resources, politics is largely devoid of ideological content, but it is highly factional and contentious. The author concludes that the highly divisive nature of politics at this institution is probably indicative of the lack of a civil society in the broader Russian society.
Automated Synthesis of Oligosaccharides

The chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides with an automated solid-phase synthesizer is described. An octenediol linker served to attach the growing oligosaccharide chain to the solid support, and the desired structures were cleaved from the support via olefin metathesis to afford a pentenyl glycoside. The automated syntheses of several important carbohydrates, including a pentarhamnoside, a proteoglycan linkage-region tetrasaccharide, a phytoalexin elicitor dodecasaccharide, and a branched Leishmania lipophosphoglycan tetrasaccharide, were accomplished in higher overall yield and ca. 20 times faster than with solution-phase methods.
Retroviral mediated transfer and expression of human alpha1-antitrypsin in cultured cells

Abstract Genetic deficiency of α 1 -antitrypsin in man is a predisposing factor to emphysema and a disorder potentially correctable by somatic gene therapy. A full-length human α 1 -antitrypsin cDNA was cloned into a retroviral vector and introduced into cells which package the recombinant gene in a retroviral capsule. Cells infected with the recombinant retrovirus express human α 1 -antitrypsin mRNA and protein. The recombinant protein is glycosylated, secreted and exhibits anti-protease activity against human neutrophil elastase.
Multipurpose entry vehicle requirements for unmanned landings on bodies having tenuous atmospheres.

Multipurpose entry vehicle requirements for unmanned landings on bodies in solar system having tenuous atmospheres
A hypoglycemic factor in leukemic tumors.

SummaryA fall in blood sugar was observed in AKR mice inoculated with leukemic tumor BW5147. Marked amelioration of diabetes resulted from inoculation of alloxanized AKR mice with lymphatic leukemic tumor. Growth of this tumor was studied in normal and diabetic mice. Rate of tumor growth and blood sugar values were correlated. Increase in mass of tumor alone did not seem to explain hypoglycemia in these mice. Consequently, 3 extracts of tumor were made and tested for presence of a hypoglycemic factor. Blood sugar values of diabetic mice were determined before and after injection of tumor extracts. A saline extract did not show a hypoglycemic effect, nor did an extract made by insulin-extraction procedure. An acetone extract, however, exhibited moderate hypoglycemic activity. Time-response curves demonstrated that acetone-extractable material derived from 1 g of fresh tumor produced a fall in blood sugar of 7% at 15 minutes, 30% at 30 minutes, 25% at 1 hour, and 7% at 2 hours.
Kinetic modeling of phase transformations occurring in the HAZ of C-Mn steel welds based on direct observations

Abstract In situ Spatially Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (SRXRD) experiments were performed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of gas tungsten arc (GTA) welds of AISI 1005 C-Mn steel to directly observe welding induced phase transformations. These real-time observations were semi-quantified using diffraction peak profile analysis to construct a phase transformation map revealing ferrite ( α ) and austenite ( γ ) phase concentration gradients in the HAZ. Weld thermal cycles were calculated using a three-dimensional heat transfer and fluid flow model and then combined with the SRXRD phase map to provide a complete description of the HAZ under actual welding conditions. Kinetic modelling of the α → γ phase transformation during heating was performed using a Johnson–Mehl–Avrami analysis, modified to take into account non-uniform weld heating and transformation in the α+γ two-phase field. The results provide the most accurate JMA kinetic parameters to date for this alloy, n=1.45 and 1n(ko)=12.2, for an activation energy Q=117.1 kJ/mole. Using this kinetic description of the α→γ phase transformation, time temperature transformation (TTT) and continuous heating transformation (CHT) diagrams for this alloy were constructed to illustrate how the combination of SRXRD experiments and numerical modeling from one weld can be used to predict phase transformations for a variety of welding and heat treating applications.
History of depression and smoking cessation outcome: a meta-analysis.

The authors conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to (a) evaluate the premise that a history of major depression is associated with failure to quit smoking and (b) identify factors that moderate the relationship between history of depression and cessation outcome. Fifteen studies met the selection requirements and were coded for various study methodology and treatment characteristics. DSTAT was used to calculate individual study effect sizes, determine the mean effect size across studies, and test for moderator effects. No differences in either short-term ( or = 6 months) were observed between smokers positive versus negative for history of depression. Lifetime history of major depression does not appear to be an independent risk factor for cessation failure in smoking cessation treatment.
A new algorithm for optimal bin packing

We consider the NP-complete problem of bin packing. Given a set of numbers, and a set of bins of fixed capacity, find the minimum number of bins needed to contain all the numbers, such that the sum of the numbers assigned to each bin does not exceed the bin capacity. We present a new algorithm for optimal bin packing. Rather than considering the different bins that each number can be placed into, we consider the different ways in which each bin can be packed. Our algorithm appears to be asymptotically faster than the best existing optimal algorithm, and runs more that a thousand times faster on problems with 60 numbers.
State-of-the-art in the design of electrically small antennas

The design of electrically small antennas has been a topic of interest for many decades. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in designing electrically small resonant antennas that exhibit low Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), high efficiency and bandwidths that approach theoretical limits. In this paper, we review recent work related to the fundamental limits that apply to small antennas as a function of their electrical size. We present and discuss a number of electrically small resonant antenna designs that are optimized in terms of achieving the maximum possible bandwidth as a function of both size and overall geometric shape. A review and discussion of recent work in the field is presented.
Assessing sex differences and similarities in mate preferences: Above and beyond demand characteristics:

Prior experiments documenting gender differences in mate preferences have relied on directive questions (e.g., “How important is physical attractiveness?”), which are susceptible to demand characteristics. To assess this potential confound, this study assessed mate preferences using indirect, openended questions, with anonymous computer administration and designated (same- or opposite-sex) targets. The frequency with which participants noted traits reflected key gender differences predicted by evolutionary accounts; evaluations of men focused more on ambitiousness, whereas evaluations of women focused more on attractiveness. The number of attractiveness comments was also greater, however, if the rated target was of the opposite sex. Kindness and intelligence comments did not show strong gender differences, although kindness-related comments were very frequent overall and particularly frequent from women participants.
Application of Graded Finite Elements for Asphalt Pavements

Asphalt paving layers, particularly the surface course, exhibit vertically graded material properties. This grading is caused primarily by temperature gradients and aging related stiffness gradients. Most conventional existing analysis models do not directly account for the continuous grading of properties in flexible pavement layers. As a result, conventional analysis methods may lead to inaccurate prediction of pavement responses and distress under traffic and environmental loading. In this paper, a theoretical formulation for the graded finite element method is provided followed by an implementation using the user material subroutine (UMAT) capability of the finite element software ABAQUS. Numerical examples using the UMAT are provided to illustrate the benefits of using graded elements in pavement analysis.
A prolegomena to any future Post Keynesian education policy

This paper sets forth some Post Keynesian policy proposals concerning education. It first reviews U.S. education problems and the neoclassical solution to them, which relies on increasing competition and consumer choice. The paper then reviews the empirical literature on these topics, and concludes by setting forth a Post Keynesian approach to the U.S. education problems that is supported by these empirical findings. This approach would focus more on providing sufficient income to children of low-income households as well as additional educational spending. It would reject tracking students, and support standards and funding at larger levels of government than the local level.
Mechanisms of Enhanced Ionic Conduction at Interfaces in Ceramics

A large enhancement in the ionic conductivity of certain compounds occurs when the compound is produced as a composite material containing a finely-dispersed non-conductor such as SiO{sub 2} or Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. This paper describes recent experiments which proposes that extended defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries, either resulting from or stabilized by the interface, are responsible for the enhancement. The ionic conductivities of LiI and CaF{sub 2} thin films grown on sapphire(0001) substrates were monitored in-situ during deposition as a function of film thickness and deposition conditions. LiI films grown at 27{degrees}C exhibited a region of enhanced conduction within 100 nm of the substrate and a lesser enhancement as the film thickness was increased further. This conduction enhancement was not stable but annealed out with a characteristic log(time) dependence. The observed annealing behavior was fit with a model based on dislocation motion which implies that the increase in conduction near the interface is due to extended defects generated during the growth process. CaF{sub 2} films grown at 200{degrees}C showed a behavior similar to the 27{degrees}C LiI films, with a region of thermally unstable enhanced conduction that occurs within 10 nm of the substrate. Amorphous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films deposited over the CaF{sub 2} layers created no additional enhancement but did increase the stability of the conduction, consistent with an extended defect model. Simultaneous deposition of CaF{sub 2} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} produced films consisting of very-fine-grained CaF{sub 2} and particles of amorphous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (5-10 nm grain and particle size) and a high defect density which was stable even well above the growth temperature. Measured conduction in the composite at 200{degrees}C was approximately 360 times that of bulk CaF{sub 2}.
The multiple dimensions of video game effects.

Abstract— Video games are at the center of a debate over what is helpful or harmful to children and adolescents, and there is research to substantiate both sides. The existing research suggests that there are at least 5 dimensions on which video games can affect players: the amount of play, the content of play, the game context, the structure of the game, and the mechanics of game play. This article describes each of these 5 dimensions with support from the scientific literature, arguing that this approach can allow people to get beyond the typical “good–bad” dichotomous thinking to have a more nuanced understanding of video game effects and to provide testable hypotheses for future research.
Dynamical Determinants of Drug-Inducible Gene Expression in a Single Bacterium

A primitive example of adaptation in gene expression is the balance between the rate of synthesis and degradation of cellular RNA, which allows rapid responses to environmental signals. Here, we investigate how multidrug efflux pump systems mediate the dynamics of a simple drug-inducible system in response to a steady level of inducer. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we measured in real time within a single bacterium the transcription activity at the RNA level of the acrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump system. When cells are exposed to constant level of anhydrotetracycline inducer and are adsorbed onto a poly-L-lysine-coated surface, we found that the acrAB-TolC promoter is steadily active. We also monitored the activity of the tet promoter to characterize the effect of this efflux system on the dynamics of drug-inducible transcription. We found that the transcriptional response of the tet promoter to a steady level of aTc rises and then falls back to its preinduction level. The rate of RNA degradation was constant throughout the transcriptional pulse, indicating that the modulation of intracellular inducer concentration alone can produce this pulsating response. Single-cell experiments together with numerical simulations suggest that such pulsating response in drug-inducible genetic systems is a property emerging from the dependence of drug-inducible transcription on multidrug efflux systems.
Simultaneous passive coherent combining and mode locking in fiber laser arrays

We present a detailed model of a multi-fiber interferometric resonator with a saturable absorber in the output arm. The results demonstrate coherent combining and the generation of mode locked pulses whose repetition rate depends on fiber length difference.
The safety profile of moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in special patient populations.

ABSTRACTBackground: Fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin, represent a major advance in the development of antimicrobial agents. They offer significant activity against Gram-negative pathogens, while more advanced generation fluoroquinolones including levofloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin are significantly active against Gram-positive (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae for some members of the class), typical, atypical, and anaerobic pathogens. Fluoroquinolones have a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile that exhibits concentration-dependent killing and good oral absorption, allowing for once-daily dosing.Objective: Review of data from fluoroquinolone studies, with an emphasis on the associated rare, but potentially clinically important, adverse events in specific patient populations. Review of clinical efficacy is included where relevant to the topic under discussion.Methods: A literature search was conducted using terms including fluoroquinolones, ...
The Acceleration of Vitamin E Deficiency in the Chick by Torula Yeast

The yeast grown in this country on waste sulfite liquor (Torulopsis utilis) has been used extensively in vitamin E and Factor 3 studies. Diets low in vitamin E and containing torula yeast as the sole protein source produce liver necro sis in rats which is preventable by vitamin E, Factor 3, or cystine (Schwarz, '52). In testing a vitamin E-free diet con taining 58.5% of torula yeast with chicks, Scott et al. ('55) found that a high incidence of the vitamin E-deficiency symp tom, exudative diathesis, occurred within three to 4 weeks. Furthermore, when the 5% of vitamin E-free lard (generally considered a pro-oxidant stress) was omitted from the diet, the incidence of symptoms was unchanged. The condition was prevented by either a-tocopherol or dried brewers' yeast. Recently it has been shown that various inorganic or organic selenium compounds show marked Factor 3 activity in preventing liver necrosis in the rat (Schwarz and Foltz, '57). More recently Schwarz et al. ('57) and Patterson et al. ('57) in independent studies with the chick showed that various selenium compounds will also prevent exudative diathesis produced by torula yeast diets deficient in vitamin E. It has thus become apparent that the protective activity of brewers' 1A preliminary report of this work was presented before the American Institute of Nutrition, 21st annual meeting, April 15-19, 1957, Chicago, Illinois.
Prehospital delay and its impact on time to treatment in ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Purposes We performed this study to assess the impact of pre-hospital time on the patient’s outcome. Procedures Starting from the symptoms onset, “total time to treatment” was divided into less than or equal to 120 minutes and more than 120 minutes (“pre-hospital time” of ≤ or > 30 minutes respectively). Adverse patient’s outcomes were compared in the two subgroups. Findings Our patients had a mean age of 63 (±13) years. On-scene time (17.8 ± 9.4 minutes), was the biggest fraction of “pre-hospital time”. Comparing the groups with “Total time to treatment” of >120 minutes vs. ±120 minutes (“pre-hospital time” of >30 vs. ≤30 minutes), mortalities were 4 vs. 0 and transfers to a tertiary care facility were 3 vs.1. Conclusions Most of the pre-hospital time in STEMI was spent on the scene and we suggest “total time to treatment” as a core measure instead of “door to balloon time”.
X-band and K-band lumped Wilkinson power dividers with a micromachined technology

With a novel micromachined technology, Wilkinson power dividers have been realized by lumped components such as spiral inductors, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors and thin-film resistors (TFRs). For the first time, X-band and K-band power dividers with low loss (0.6 dB) and wide bandwidth (25% bandwidth for 15 dB return loss) have been demonstrated in this work. Due to the process compatibility, this technology is suitable for Si-based MMIC applications.
A Characterization of the North Atlantic STMW Layer Climatology Using World Ocean Atlas 1994 Data

The North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) layer was identified based on its temperature, large thickness, and small temperature gradient. Comparisons between this method and identifying the STMW layer using a density-based (i.e., potential vorticity) criteria indicate that this method successfully identifies the STMW layer as the remnant of the previous winter’s convective mixing. By using this temperature-based characterization of the STMW layer, this method was able to develop a climatology using the large number of expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) deployed between 1968 and 1988, and contained in the World Ocean Atlas 1994 historical hydrographic database. From this climatology, the STMW layer that is the remnant of the previous winter’s convective activity is typically found between 175 and 450 m, has an average temperature near 18 8C, and has a mean temperature gradient of 0.58C (100 m)21. Comparisons of the STMW temperature, thickness, and temperature gradient characteristics in this climatology agree with other observations of the North Atlantic STMW layer.
Beyond the Reference Desk: A Study on the Effectiveness of Low-Cost Distance Library Services at California State University San Marcos

Many of our reference interactions are face-to-face at a desk or in our offices. Unfortunately, not all of our students are on campus. Whether a non-traditional student or a traditional undergraduate, more of our patrons are attending online classes or attending satellite campuses with no librarians on site. It's difficult to reach these students, but it's even more difficult to reach them when libraries are facing tremendous financial hardships and have limited their technology budgets. Fortunately technological advances such as programs that offer free virtual “face-to-face” time with our patrons are becoming more available. Programs such as Skype, Jing, Moodle and Spark offer librarians and patrons the freedom to interact with each other at low or no costs. Sadly many librarians are either uncomfortable with the new technology or don't feel the quality of service is as good as high-priced tools. This paper will share the basic set-up of various free or low cost online programs, outline the benefits and...
Position Paper Role of Technology Design Rules in Design Automation

Today when VLSI is the major concern of Design Automation system designers, we must remember that size and complexity are not the only problems. This is a time of rapidly changing and evolving semiconductor process technologies, and advancements in this area make the realization of VLSI possible. The Design Automation community must recognize the severity of the problems associated with this changing technology environment and be able to respond quickly to them.Technology-dependent factors influence every phase of the design process.A formal set of technology design rules, integrated with Design Automation tools can provide a basis for supporting ever-changing technologies.
3‐Triphenylstannyl‐1‐propyne

[4104-89-6] C21H18Sn (MW 389.10) InChI = 1S/3C6H5.C3H3.Sn/c3*1-2-4-6-5-3-1;1-3-2;/h3*1-5H;1H,2H2; InChIKey = AFCVDCUIAHTKBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (addition of a propargyl or an allenyl group to aldehydes; reacts with alkyl halides to give a terminal allenyl or propargyl group; preparation of allenyl iodides and allenyl(aryl)iodinanes; isomerizes to triphenylstannylpropadiene in the presence of Lewis acids or electron donor solvents) Alternate Name: triphenyl-2-propynylstannane; triphenylpropargylstannane. Physical Data: mp 81–84 °C. Solubility: typical reaction solvents include benzene and dichloromethane. Analysis of Reagent Purity: reagent purity may be analyzed by 1H NMR.1 The most common impurity is the isomeric allene which may be detected by IR and 1H NMR. Preparative Methods: prepared from Propargylmagnesium Bromide and Ph3SnX (X = Cl or I) in ether (70–75%).1a,d Also prepared by treatment of propargyl bromide with Ph3SnLi (30%).1b Handling, Storage, and Precautions: organostannane reagents are highly toxic and readily absorbed through the skin. Proper safety equipment (i.e. fume hood, gloves, protective eyewear) should be utilized at all times when handling the reagent.2 Irradiation of 3-triphenylstannyl-1-propyne in C6D6 for 19 h resulted in isomerization to the allene. No isomerization was observed after heating in the dark at 70 °C for 7 h.3 Deliberate isomerization to the allene has also been accomplished by heating the propargylstannane in electron donor solvents or in the presence of Lewis acids.6
Multicultural Connections: Using Stories to Transcend Cultural Boundaries in Supervision.

Stories have long been used in various cultures and settings to help make meaning and enhance awareness. The authors describe how reflection on and discussion of myths and fairy tales in supervision may help transcend cultural boundaries and increase multicultural understanding. Las historias se han utilizado durante mucho tiempo en diversas culturas y escenarios para facilitar la comprension de significado y aumentar el nivel de conciencia. Los autores describen como la reflexion y la discusion de mitos y cuentos en la supervision pueden ayudar a trascender barreras culturales y elevar el entendimiento multicultural.
Vision-Based Infotainment User Determination by Hand Recognition for Driver Assistance

We present a novel real-time computer-vision system that robustly discriminates which of the front-row seat occupants is accessing the infotainment controls. The knowledge of who is the user-that is, driver, passenger, or no one-can alleviate driver distraction and maximize the passenger infotainment experience. The system captures visible and near-infrared images of the front-row seat area in the vehicle. The algorithm uses a modified histogram-of-oriented-gradients feature descriptor to represent the image area over the infotainment controls and a support vector machine (SVM) and median filtering over time to classify each image to one of the three classes with 97.9% average correct classification rate. This rate was achieved over a wide range of illumination conditions, human subjects, and times of day. With an offset of 5 pixels in any direction, the rate could still be maintained at better than 85%. This approach represents an alternative to detecting and tracking the hand movements and then classifying the hands into the respective classes. This approach demonstrates the ability to achieve good classification rates, despite the presence of vast illumination changes of the vehicle environment.
On the Synaphrid Spider Cepheia longiseta (Simon 1881) (Araneae, Synaphridae)

Abstract We redescribe the monotypic spider genus Cepheia and provide detailed morphological information on its type species, Cepheia longiseta. We provide the first exhaustive diagnosis for the genus, including for the first time detailed information about its external morphology as well as its tracheal system. Some morphological features previously proposed as synapomorphies for the Synaphridae are also present in Cepheia, which corroborates some of the diagnostic characters of the family. We also propose new synapomorphies for Synaphridae.
URINARY HYALURONIC ACID AND HYALURONIDASE: MARKERS FOR BLADDER CANCER DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF GRADE

Purpose:: Specific patterns of progression and frequent recurrence of bladder tumors determine the choice of treatment, frequency of surveillance, quality of life, and ultimately, patient prognosis. The prognosis would be improved if an accurate noninvasive test was available for diagnosis. Identification of markers that function in bladder cancer progression would be helpful in designing such diagnostic tests. The glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid (HA), promotes tumor metastasis. Hyaluronidase (HAase), an endoglycosidase, degrades HA into small fragments that promote angiogenesis. We have previously shown that both HA and HAase are associated with bladder cancer and may function in bladder tumor angiogenesis. In this study we examined whether urinary HA and HAase levels serve as bladder cancer markers.Materials and Methods:: Among the 513 urine specimens analyzed, 261 were from transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) patients, 9 from patients with non-TCC tumors, and 243 from controls (normals, patients with ...
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm is a sensory nerve originating from the musculocutaneous nerve, after the latter has given off the muscular branches. The nerve pierces the deep fascia about 2–3 cm above the elbow, passes laterally to the biceps and becomes cutaneous, supplying the anterior and posterior portions of the lateral aspect of the forearm. There is considerable variation in that the nerve may pierce the deep fascia above or below the elbow. It is at the point where the nerve pierces the fascia that entrapment may occur. Entrapment of this nerve occurs infrequently, although it is likely to be seen often in tennis players.
Mechanisms and Functions of Vinculin Interactions with Phospholipids at Cell Adhesion Sites

The cytoskeletal protein vinculin is a major regulator of cell adhesion and attaches to the cell surface by binding to specific phospholipids. Structural, biochemical, and biological studies provided much insight into how vinculin binds to membranes, what components it recognizes, and how lipid binding is regulated. Here we discuss the roles and mechanisms of phospholipids in regulating the structure and function of vinculin and of its muscle-specific metavinculin splice variant. A full appreciation of these processes is necessary for understanding how vinculin regulates cell motility, migration, and wound healing, and for understanding of its role in cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
The Epidemiology of Status Epilepticus in the United States (S06.005)

Objective: To investigate trends in Status Epilepticus (SE) in the United States by age, race, sex, admission source, disposition, incidence, and mortality. Background SE is one of the most common neurological emergencies and is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. Annual direct costs of admission for SE are significantly higher than that of acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. Epidemiologic data is limited regarding demographics and temporal changes in the incidence and mortality of SE. Design/Methods: Data from U.S. National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to perform a retrospective cohort analysis. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify discharges with diagnosis of SE from 1980-2009. Results: During the 30-year period, we identified 699,690 discharges of SE. The incidence of SE increased from 23/100,000 in 1980 to 178/100,000 in 2009, with the highest incidence among patients 80 years old (46/100,000). The incidence of SE was higher among men and blacks. Most admissions were emergent (55%) and occurred from emergency rooms (38%). Discharges to home were more frequent (62%) and the cumulative mortality was 9%, which increased from 7% in 1980 to 11% in 2009. Mortality was lowest among patients 80 years old (19%). Median length of stay was 3 days (Interquartile Range [IQR] 2-5) for patients 80 years old. Conclusions: The incidence of SE has increased more than 7 fold over the past 30 years, however net change in mortality is small. While the incidence of SE is lowest among elderly, the mortality increases by almost 10 fold in patients >80 years old compared to patients Disclosure: Dr. Dham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Milcarek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hunter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rincon has nothing to disclose.
Electrical And Structural Characterization of Polysilicon Deposited in a Rapid Thermal Processor

Low pressure chemical vapor deposition of polysilicon in a lamp heated rapid thermal processor (RTCVD) has been studied. Polysilicon films were deposited using SiH4 diluted in Ar. Structural characterization of the films was accomplished by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and ultraviolet surface reflectance measurements. Smooth polysilicon films were obtained at deposition temperatures above 700°C with rms roughness values better than 100 A. Both p- and n- polysilicon gated MOS capacitors were fabricated using 80–200 A thick gate oxides grown by dry oxidation in a conventional furnace. Polysilicon doping was achieved by ion-implantation and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Our results show that the electrical properties of the capacitors fabricated using RTCVD polysilicon are comparable to those of conventional polysilicon. Dopant diffusion through the gate is a problem for both types of polysilicon and can lead to a degradation of the electrical properties.
Does Ukraine Have a History

One answer to this seemingly simple question was suggested by a Ukrainian scholar when he retorted that if Ukraine has a future, then Ukraine will have a history. He thereby correctly put politics, including international politics, at the center of the discussion. A simple answer to the question is, of course, that the peoples and institutions that occupy the contemporary state of Ukraine have a history, in the sense of lived experience, wie es eigentlich gewesen ist, the way all of us have pasts to which we can appeal. But if we re-ask the question, "Does Ukraine have a history?" and mean this time a written record of that experienced past that commands some widespread acceptance and authority in the international scholarly and political communities, then the answer is not so simple. The title of this paper echoes an important essay by Ukrainian historian Serhii Bilokin', "Chy maemo my istorychnu nauku?"'-literally "do we have historical science?" perhaps more clearly translated "Do we have a tradition of historical scholarship?" Bilokin', by the way, persuasively argues that it is too early to speak of such traditions. If we leave Ukraine and look to the political geography of history teaching, we find virtually no recognition that Ukraine has a history. In major Anglo-American, German and Japanese academic centers, Ukrainian history as a field (with a couple of important exceptions) does not exist per se; the exceptions only confirm the general rule. The Canadian government and Canadian Ukrainian emigrants subsidize Ukrainian history and culture in Canada, but here an "abnormal" situation exists in that nearly all the scholars are of Ukrainian descent. This fact has allowed "mainstream" historians to characterize Ukrainian history as "searching for roots," national advocacy or some other partisan pleading, and to deny the field the valorization it seeks as
Effects on Honey Bees of Insecticides Applied to Snap Beans in Wisconsin: Chemical and Biotic Factors

Studies were conducted to determine the role of snap beans as a food resource for honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), bee mortality resulting from pesticides, and the long-term effects on bees of such insecticide exposure. Aerial application of microencapsulated methyl parathion induced elevated levels of bee mortality and reduced total pollen collection rates, whereas treatment with acephate did not. Honey bees did not forage snap beans for pollen or nectar even under conditions of extreme resource dearth. Bee mortality following application of insecticides was caused by foraging either on blooming weeds in the field or among flowering plants within the spray-drift zone. Thus, such bee losses in snap beans could be avoided almost entirely through clean cultivation. High intercolony variability obscured possible differences in winter survival after exposure and in subsequent honey production.
Long Time Power Law Magnetic Relaxation in Detwinned YBa2Cu3O7-δ Single Crystals

The time-dependent magnetic relaxation was measured in a full field penetrated YBa2Cu3O7-δ detwinned crystal for long times up to 5x105 sec. The relaxation data exhibit a power-law time dependence over a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields indicative of flux creep with logarithmic dependence of the effective creep activation barrier U(J). A theoretical model is employed to analyze the data and to determine the activation energy.
Coherent x-rays from ultrafast lasers, and applications--attosecond science meets nonlinear optics

Ultrafast short-wavelength light sources using high-harmonic generation provides a tabletop coherent EUV light source for new science. Recent rapid advances show that bright sources at soft and even hard X-ray wavelengths are now feasible.
Application of Virtual Assembly in Vehicle Engine Assembly Development

Briefly explained work processes of the virtual Assembly,analyzed and summarized the main contents of the virtual Assembly.Identify and solve the package issues and check the assembly sequence visually before the prototype of vehicle engine assembly by application of virtual assembly technology,reduce project risk and save development time.
Selenium and Thyroid Diseases

A review with 19 references is given on the physiology of selenium in thyroid and its metabolism and function including the level of selenium in several thyroid diseases and the genealogies that selenium affected on several thyroid diseases.
Randomized comparison of the modified wire-guided and standard intra-aortic balloon catheters

We have designed a modified intra-aortic balloon (IAB) catheter to facilitate balloon insertion and minimize the complications of vascular dissection, perforation, and thrombosis. The modified balloon catheter is fabricated of a new polyurethane, Avcomat-100; it has a central lumen which allows for pressure monitoring, contrast injection, and introduction of a guide-wire under fluoroscopic control. In a randomized study, we compared the modified balloon with the standard Avco balloon catheter. Eighteen patients were randomized, 10 to receive a standard balloon catheter (control group) and eight to receive a modified balloon catheter. In two of the 10 patients assigned to the control group, introduction of the standard catheter failed but a central-lumen balloon was successfully introduced using the guide wire. A guide wire was needed for introduction of the modified balloon in three of the eight patients assigned to the central-lumen catheter group. The Avcomat-100 catheter material was less thrombogenic, with a lower rate of femoral thrombosis--20% in the control group and 0% in the central-lumen group. Scanning electron miroscopy also showed a reduced area of catheter surface covered with fibrin and clot. This study demonstrates the safety, decreased thrombogenicity, and increased facility of insertion of this new balloon catheter.
Deconvolution model with fractional Gaussian noise: A minimax study

We consider the problem of estimating a function in a deconvolution model with fractional Gaussian noise. We derive minimax lower and upper bounds to show that our estimator attains optimal or near optimal rates. Such rates are affected by LRD.
Beyond Rate of Return Regulation

The analysis of this monograph has been premised on the use of rate of return regulation for utility price setting. Rate of return regulation has frequently been called “profit regulation” since the appropriate profit element in the prices of utility services is the foremost issue in rate cases. It is also sometimes referred to as “cost plus” pricing indicating that a fair and reasonable return is added to prudently incurred costs to determine the price of the service.
Ethics and Values in Risk Analysis: Introduction

Attempts to cope with risks from modern technological hazards run inescapably into thorny problems of ethics and values. These problems are broad in scope, ranging from fundamental questions of morality and justice, to questions of practical ethics and political theory, to questions concerning the proper role of the scientific enterprise in risk analysis and policymaking. Some of these problems are peculiarly endemic to risk analysis in the private sector, while others are generic to risk analysis in any setting.
Liberation Pragmatism: Dussel and Dewey in Dialogue

Enrique Dussel and John Dewey share commitments to philosophical theory and practice aimed at addressing human problems, democratic modes of inquiry, and progressive social reform, but also maintain productive differences in their fundamental starting point for political philosophy and their use of the social sciences. Dussel provides a corrective to Dewey’s Eurocentrism and to his tendency to underplay the challenges of incorporating marginalized populations by insisting that social and political philosophy begin from the perspective of the marginalized and excluded. Simultaneously, Dewey encourages a modest experimental and fallibilist approach to social transformation that promises more feasible social reforms than Dussel’s approach rooted in phenomenology and the critical social sciences.
Structural study of complexes formed by acidic and neutral organophosphorus reagents

The coordination of the trivalent 4f ions, Ln = La3+, Dy3+, and Lu3+, with neutral and acidic organophosphorus reagents, both individually and combined, was studied by use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These studies provide metrical information about the interatomic interactions between these cations and the ligands tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and di-n-butyl phosphoric acid (HDBP), whose behavior are of practical importance to chemical separation processes that are currently used on an industrial scale. Previous studies have suggested the existence of complexes involving a mixture of ligands, accounting for extraction synergy. Through systematic variation of the aqueous phase acidity and extractant concentration and combination, we have found that complexes with Ln and TBP : HDBP at any mixture and HDBP alone involve direct Ln–O interactions involving 6 oxygen atoms and distant Ln–P interactions involving on average 3–5 phosphorus atoms per Ln ion. It was also found that Ln complexes formed by TBP alone seem to favor eight oxygen coordination, though we were unable to obtain metrical results regarding the distant Ln–P interactions due to the low signal attributed to a lower concentration of Ln ions in the organic phases. Our study does not support the existence of mixed Ln–TBP–HDBP complexes but, rather, indicates that the lanthanides are extracted as either Ln–HDBP complexes or Ln–TBP complexes and that these complexes exist in different ratios depending on the conditions of the extraction system. This fundamental structural information offers insight into the solvent extraction processes that are taking place and are of particular importance to issues arising from the separation and disposal of radioactive materials from used nuclear fuel.
E-051 The Role of Follow-up Imaging after Resection of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in the Pediatric Patient: A Review

Object Pediatric patients are at significant risk for recurrence of brain AVM after resection. While there is general consensus as to the importance of follow-up after surgical resection of an AVM, there is a lack of consistency in follow-up duration. The object of this systematic review is to examine the role of follow-up imaging in detecting AVM recurrence early and preventing AVM rupture. Methods This systematic review was carried out with articles obtained through a search of the literature according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results Search results revealed 1052 articles, of which 13 studies describing 31 cases of AVM recurrence met criteria for inclusion in this study. Patients receiving follow-up imaging experienced AVM detection significantly earlier (mean = 3.56 years, SD = 3.67) than patients with no follow-up (mean = 8.86 years, SD = 5.61; p = 0.0085). While 13.34% of patients that were not receiving follow-up imaging presented with rupture of recurrent AVM, 57.14% of patients that were receiving follow-up imaging presented with ruptured recurrence (p = 0.019). Conclusions Follow-up imaging has an integral role after AVM resection and is sometimes not carried out for a sufficient period of time, leading to delayed detection of recurrence and increased likelihood of recurrent AVM rupture. Disclosures J. Jimenez: None. Z. Gersey: None. J. Wagner: None. B. Snelling: None. S. Ambekar: None. E. Peterson: None.
The Role of Culture and Acculturation in Researchers’ Perceptions of Rules in Science

Successfully navigating the norms of a society is a complex task that involves recognizing diverse kinds of rules as well as the relative weight attached to them. In the United States (U.S.), different kinds of rules-federal statutes and regulations, scientific norms, and professional ideals-guide the work of researchers. Penalties for violating these different kinds of rules and norms can range from the displeasure of peers to criminal sanctions. We proposed that it would be more difficult for researchers working in the U.S. who were born in other nations to distinguish the seriousness of violating rules across diverse domains. We administered a new measure, the evaluating rules in science task (ERST), to National Institutes of Health-funded investigators (101 born in the U.S. and 102 born outside of the U.S.). The ERST assessed perceptions of the seriousness of violating research regulations, norms, and ideals, and allowed us to calculate the degree to which researchers distinguished between the seriousness of each rule category. The ERST also assessed researchers' predictions of the seriousness that research integrity officers (RIOs) would assign to the rules. We compared researchers' predictions to the seriousness ratings of 112 RIOs working at U.S. research-intensive universities. U.S.-born researchers were significantly better at distinguishing between the seriousness of violating federal research regulations and violating ideals of science, and they were more accurate in their predictions of the views of RIOs. Acculturation to the U.S. moderated the effects of nationality on accuracy. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of future research and education.
Acoustic Neuroma - Contemporary Management of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas

As a benign brain tumor, sporadic vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) is amenable to a variety of management strategies including observation, surgery, and radiation. Owing to a recent surge in research addressing the pros and cons of each approach, it has been possible to develop patient-centered treatment plans that take into account each tumor's size, anatomy, comorbid symptoms, and a patient's goals of therapy. Careful counseling on the relative merits of each strategy offers the best means of achieving mutually successful outcomes for both patients and providers.
Orienting to see what's important: Learn to ignore the irrelevant.

AbstractBackground and Aim. The current study used a triad judgment task to assess whether blocking by comparison type in a triad judgment task could lead people to pay less attention to surface level (irrelevant) features and pay more attention to deep (structural) features of information. Sample. A sample of 313 participants recruited through Mechanical Turk participated in this study. Method. On each triad, participants were asked to evaluate which of two source scenarios went best with the target scenario. Three types of triads were constructed with materials related to the ability to perceive ethical issues within the practice of psychology. One type of triad contrasted a scenario that was similar to the target in terms of surface level features and a scenario that was similar in terms of deep features (SS/SD). A second triad type contrasted a scenario that was similar in terms of deep features with an unrelated scenario (SD/U). The third contrasted a scenario that was similar in terms of surface fea...
Multi-Modality Disease Modeling via Collective Deep Matrix Factorization

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common causes of dementia, is a severe irreversible neurodegenerative disease that results in loss of mental functions. The transitional stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), has been widely regarded as a suitable time for possible therapeutic intervention. The challenging task of MCI detection is therefore of great clinical importance, where the key is to effectively fuse predictive information from multiple heterogeneous data sources collected from the patients. In this paper, we propose a framework to fuse multiple data modalities for predictive modeling using deep matrix factorization, which explores the non-linear interactions among the modalities and exploits such interactions to transfer knowledge and enable high performance prediction. Specifically, the proposed collective deep matrix factorization decomposes all modalities simultaneously to capture non-linear structures of the modalities in a supervised manner, and learns a modality specific component for each modality and a modality invariant component across all modalities. The modality invariant component serves as a compact feature representation of patients that has high predictive power. The modality specific components provide an effective means to explore imaging genetics, yielding insights into how imaging and genotype interact with each other non-linearly in the AD pathology. Extensive empirical studies using various data modalities provided by Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for fusing heterogeneous modalities.