cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verification of protocols using symbolic execution

Abstract A protocol verifier using symbolic execution has been designed and implemented as part of a general verifier (oriented towards microcode). This part describes how this method works for communication protocols involving timing assumptions, state changes depending on message contents, unreliable medium, an arbitrary number of communicating processes, etc. The method can detect design errors such as deadlock and tempo-blocking; in addition the user can add his own assertions to express other desired properties.
Presurgical rearing environment alters exploration, fluid consumption, and learning of septal lesioned and control rats

Abstract Rats were reared in either enriched, social cages or restricted individual cages from 25 days of age until they underwent septal or control surgery two months later. Rearing conditions differentially altered septal and control behavior as measured by: (1) exploration tests; (2) fluid consumption of water, saccharin, and quinine; and, (3) the learning of a spatial alternation task.
Electroactive polymers (EAP) as an enabling tool in biomimetics

Nature is filled with highly effective biological mechanisms that were refined thru evolution over millions of years offering an incredible model for inspiring human innovation. Humans have always made efforts to imitate nature's inventions. Advances in technology led to capabilities that allow adapting nature innovation beyond simply copying and the pool of possibilities in materials, structures, methods, processes and systems is enormous. Electroactive polymers (EAP) are increasingly being recognized as an important enabling technology for making biologically inspired capabilities. Using them as artificial muscles they are being considered for use a wide range of fields including medical, commercial, entertainment and many others. This paper reviews the up to date role that EAP is playing in advancing biomimetics and the field outlook.
Morphological and Morphometric Analyses of European and Moroccan Biotypes of Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Two biotypes of the braconid parasitoid, Microctonus aethiopoides Loan, were analyzed morphologically: a European biotype reared from the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), and a Moroccan biotype reared from clover root curculios, Sitona spp. European specimens were generally larger, darker, and more setose, rugose, and areolated than their Moroccan counterparts. Females of the two biotypes were easily identified by the number of articles in the antennal flagellum, number of segments in the labial palps, extent of mesonotal areolation, size, and color. These characters, except color, were also useful in characterizing males, although character overlap was generally greater. A discriminant function based on one meristic and six linear characters aided identification of males. Morphological characterization of biotypes will help determine the effectiveness of biological control programs involving M. aethiopoides .
The microbiome and cancer

Microbiota and host form a complex 'super-organism' in which symbiotic relationships confer benefits to the host in many key aspects of life. However, defects in the regulatory circuits of the host that control bacterial sensing and homeostasis, or alterations of the microbiome, through environmental changes (infection, diet or lifestyle), may disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease. Increasing evidence indicates a key role for the bacterial microbiota in carcinogenesis. In this Opinion article, we discuss links between the bacterial microbiota and cancer, with a particular focus on immune responses, dysbiosis, genotoxicity, metabolism and strategies to target the microbiome for cancer prevention.
Preparation of BiPbSrCaCuO superconducting composites using technology

Abstract Superconductors of the Bi Pb Sr Ca Cu O system were prepared by a quenching method. The quenched samples were black glassy solids whose x-ray powder patterns were only diffuse, poorly defined futures. After heat treatments at high temperatures, the glass crystallized into a glass-ceramic. The phases in the composite were mixtures of superconducting phases Bi 2 Ca 1 Sr 2 Cu 2 O x and Bi 2 Ca 1 Sr 2 Cu 2 O x .
Evaluating criteria for electric power programs

The paper discusses recent reviews of electric power engineering programs and the importance of evaluating such programs. A comprehensive list of multiple evaluative criteria is recommended to review the purpose, minimum qualifications, resources, and activities of an electric power engineering program. Periodic assessment is recommended instead of rating of programs. Data for assessment could be gathered by visiting teams assigned by the IEEE Power Engineering Society.
Analysis of Surface Current Response to Wind

Abstract The response of the surface current to the wind has been described at various times by quadratic and linear laws. The quadratic response leads to Ekman-type currents while the linear response may be indicative of Stokes drift. The velocity records of six satellite-tracked drifters which lost their drogues and the Fleet Numerical Weather Central's surface wind analysis were used to test the relative merits of these responses. It was concluded that a linear law relating the wind and the wind drift surface current was superior to the classic quadratic law. The angle between the wind and the surface current predicted by the model was about 15° cum sole. However, it was also found that a model which superposed the Ekman quadratic response and linear Stokes drift response explained the data just as well as the linear law.
Tuning the affinity of aminoacyl-tRNA to elongation factor Tu for optimal decoding

To better understand why aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) have evolved to bind bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) with uniform affinities, mutant tRNAs with differing affinities for EF-Tu were assayed for decoding on Escherichia coli ribosomes. At saturating EF-Tu concentrations, weaker-binding aa-tRNAs decode their cognate codons similarly to wild-type tRNAs. However, tighter-binding aa-tRNAs show reduced rates of peptide bond formation due to slow release from EF-Tu•GDP. Thus, the affinities of aa-tRNAs for EF-Tu are constrained to be uniform by their need to bind tightly enough to form the ternary complex but weakly enough to release from EF-Tu during decoding. Consistent with available crystal structures, the identity of the esterified amino acid and three base pairs in the T stem of tRNA combine to define the affinity of each aa-tRNA for EF-Tu, both off and on the ribosome.
ON TRACIAL DISTRIBUTIONS — A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HIDA THEORY

Tracial distributions are defined as the elements of the dual of a countably Hilbertian space and on which a projective limit topology is defined. The connection of these distributions with Hida's generalized functions is discussed.
Inhibition of release of neurohypophysial hormones by endogenous opioid peptides in pregnant and parurient rats

Abstract Naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist, was used to determine whether opioid peptides modulate release of oxytocin (OT) or vasopressin (AVP) in the rat after expulsion of the fetus, i.e. parturition. We measured the concentrations of AVP and OT in plasma and in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary of pregnant rats given naloxone (5 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline on day 20 of gestation, and on day 21 either before or during the expulsive stage of labor. Non-pregnant rats in diestrus were giben naloxone for comparison. On days 20 and 21 of gestation, before the onset of parturition, plasma [AVP] but not [OT] was elevated, compared to the non-pregnant controls. After delivery of the first two pups, plasma [OT] approximatelyy doubled, whereas plasma [AVP] remained unchanged. Blocking the action of endogenous opioid peptides with naloxone caused an elevation of plasma [OT] in pregnant animals on days 20 and 21 of gestation and during parturition. Naloxone, however, did not alter plasma [AVP] in either parturient or preparturient animals. In contrast, [AVP], but not [OT], was increased in plasma of non-pregnant rats given naloxone. The content of OT in the neuro-intermediate lobe was similar in pregnant and non-pregnant rats and was unaffected delivery of the first two pups. However, AVP content and the ratio of AVP/OT in the pituitary were lower in pregnant animals before during delivery than in the non-pregnant controls. The content of neither hormone was altered by naloxone. Thus, AVP release apparently increase and pituitary stores of this peptide are decreased by day 20 gestation, when labor has not yet begun. In contrast, OT secretion becomes elevated only during delivery. Inhibition of OT release by opioid peptides may: (1) allow preferential release of AVP during pregnancy; and (2) prevent depletion of pituitary stores of OT and neuronal fatigue during the 1–2 h period of parturition in the rat.
Osteoid osteoma of the upper extremity

Forty-six patients with histologically confirmed osteoid osteoma of the upper extremity seen from 1947 to 1990 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' age at presentation averaged 20 years. Twenty-four of the lesions were located in the wrist and hand and 22 in the arm and forearm. The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 15 months. Pain was the presenting symptom in 44 of 46 patients. Of the 28 patients who took aspirin for pain, 24 obtained at least partial relief. A mass or swelling was more commonly noted in lesions of the hand and wrist as compared to the arm and forearm. The diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was made by plain x-ray films alone in 35 cases. Bone scans were performed on 13 patients; all were positive at the site of the lesion. Tomography was performed in 13 cases to identify the intraosseous location of the lesion. All lesions were treated by excision and curettage. Thirty-four of the 46 patients were followed at our institution for more than 6 months, with an average follow-up period of 27 months. Six of the patients had persistent lesions. Of the six persistent osteoid osteomas, five occurred in the wrist or hand (p = .0012). A total of 15 procedures were required to excise these lesions.
Piping Elbow Cyclic Analyses for Shakedown Verification

Six Cyclic elasto-plastic Finite Element Analyses are being performed in this paper. The Finite Element Model considered here is a Piping Elbow with a straight section of pipe on each side. This Model consists of shell elements. In each cyclic analysis, the internal pressure is kept constant, and is in fact the same for all six analyses. The various Finite Element Analyses are performed using different types of boundary conditions and different types of cyclic loading (thermal expansion in the elbow and applied rotation at the free end of the model). The main purpose of this paper is to address both the global shakedown and the through-thickness shakedown. The global shakedown is defined as the stabilization of the elbow, as far as the global in-plane displacements are concerned. The through-thickness shakedown is defined as the stabilization of the radial displacements on the side of the elbow. The main results from these cyclic analyses are the displacements. The decisions whether shakedown occurs, or not, are based on the displacements and are shown on the x-y Diagram, also called the “shakedown vs. ratcheting” Diagram. An evaluation of this Diagram leads to the justification of the revised elbow C2 stress index, at least for the global in-plane displacements of the piping elbow. The variations of the mid-thickness strain values and of the maximum strain values, as a function of the cycles, have not been evaluated at this time. This should be done at a later date.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Fertilistion in sea urchins: how many different molecules are involved in gamete interaction and fusion?

It has been established that fertilisation in the sea urchin involves binding of acrosome-reacted sperm to an egg cell surface receptor. The structure and function of this receptor, as well as the possible involvement of other cell surface molecules in the binding, fusion and activation events, is discussed.
Pneumothorax complicating enteral feeding tube placement.

Two cases are presented of pneumothorax complicating enteral feeding tube insertion. A previous report describing three similar cases is noted. Neurologically impaired patients appear to be particularly at risk for this complication, which may be encouraged by use of a guidewire during tube insertion. It is suggested that enteral feeding tubes in neurologically impaired patients be inserted under fluoroscopic guidance using a tube specifically designed for this purpose. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 9:210-211, 1985)
Cardiopulmonary reference standards in the pregnant sheep (Ovis aries): a comparative study of ovine and human physiology in obstetrics.

Abstract 1. 1. Complete blood counts, respiratory rate, tidal volume, arterial and mixed venous blood gases; heart rate, cardiac output, and arterial, pulmonary artery, central venous and pulmonary wedge pressures were determined in 10 pregnant adult sheep of 42.7–65.7 kg body weight. 2. 2. Arithmetic means, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation were calculated to develop reference values; in addition, the 95% confidence limits for ranges were established. 3. 3. Comparison of derived data with that from non-pregnant sheep shows changes similar to those seen when examining pregnant and non-pregnant humans. 4. 4. These results indicate the pregnant sheep is an acceptable model for human obstetrical research.
A mixture of environmental contaminants increases cAMP-dependent protein kinase in Spisula embryos.

Abstract Using the surf clam embryo, we investigated the effects of the combination of bromoform, chloroform, and tetrachloroethylene, three pollutants found in high concentrations in the municipal water supply in Brick, New Jersey. Exposure produced an increase in an isoform of the regulatory subunit (RII) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, demonstrated by confocal microscopy and western blotting. Embryos showed an increase in RII where the primordial gill and ciliated velar epithelium are innervated. This increase correlated with increased ciliary activity, indicating a corresponding rise in the catalytic subunit. Treatment resulted in decreased threonine phosphorylation of actin. There was no effect on neurotransmitters or receptors of the serotonergic–dopaminergic nervous system. These effects occurred only with the ternary mixture. No significant effect was seen with individual or paired components. This is the first report showing that bromoform, chloroform, and tetrachloroethylene act synergistically to alter a key regulator of neuronal development.
Atypia in breast fine-needle aspiration smears correlates poorly with the presence of a prognostically significant proliferative lesion of ductal epithelium.

Abstract Proliferative lesions of breast duct epithelium are associated with an increased risk of subsequent carcinoma. Fine-needle aspiration criteria for these lesions are poorly defined; most studies are retrospective and do not clearly use the classification of Page and Rogers. Suggested criteria for “atypia” include crowded, enlarged, overlapping nuclei in three-dimensional groups or sheets, loss of cohesion, occasional single cells, a homogeneous cell population, chromatin changes, and increased cellularity in older patients. Our prospective series of 1,925 aspirations included 717 breast cases, of which 25 (3.5%) were considered sufficiently atypical to possibly represent proliferative lesions, but were not suspicious for carcinoma. Fifteen patients with histologic follow-up formed the basis for this study. All had physical examinations and mammogram results consistent with fibrocystic change. Their ages ranged from 30 to 70 years (median age, 44 years). Cytologic changes of atypia were cataloged. Histologically, six cases (40%) showed prognostically significant lesions (moderate, florid, or atypical hyperplasia and one lobular carcinoma in situ). Many (60%) cytologically provocative lesions may originate in prognostically trivial lesions. At this time our limited understanding of the cytologic presentation of these lesions indicates that surgical excision is essential in all instances. Efforts to recognize and properly classify these proliferations in cytologic material should continue.
Aging and estrogen alter endothelial reactivity to reactive oxygen species in coronary arterioles.

Endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and this deleterious effect of ROS on NO availability may increase with aging. Endot...
Diaphragm weakness in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients

Introduction Studies indicate that mechanically ventilated patients develop significant diaphragm muscle weakness, but the etiology of weakness and its clinical impact remain incompletely understood. We assessed diaphragm strength in mechanically ventilated medical ICU patients, correlated the development of diaphragm weakness with multiple clinical parameters, and examined the relationship between the level of diaphragm weakness and patient outcomes.
Diaphragm weakness and mechanical ventilation - what's the critical issue?

While animal studies indicate that controlled mechanical ventilation (MV) induces diaphragm weakness and myofiber atrophy, there are no data in humans that confirm MV per se produces diaphragm weakness. Whether or not diaphragm weakness results from MV, sepsis, corticosteroids, hyperglycemia, or a combination of these factors, however, is not the most important issue raised by the recent study from Hermans and colleagues. This study makes an important contribution by providing additional evidence that many critically ill patients have profound diaphragm weakness. If diaphragm weakness of this magnitude is present in most mechanically ventilated patients, a strong argument can be made that respiratory muscle weakness is a major contributor to respiratory failure.
Properties of Amidinated Glucagons

Porcine glucagon has been reacted with a series of alkyl imidates. The ɛ-amino group and both the α and ɛ-amino groups were modified and the subsequent glucagon derivatives were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and characterized. The modified glucagons were compared with native glucagon in their ability to activate hepatic adenylate cyclase and to compete with 125I-glucagon for binding to sites specific for glucagon in hepatic plasma membranes. Nɛ-acetamidino glucagon was as biologically potent, in both activity and binding, as native glucagon, whereas Nɛ-4 hydroxyphenylamidinoglucagon required a twofold higher concentration to obtain similar levels. These findings suggest that modification through the ɛ-amino group with alkyl imidates possessing reporter groups should result in glucagon derivatives with significant biological potency, thus providing a new approach to the study of this peptide hormone. Amidination of both ɛ and α-amino groups resulted in glucagon derivatives which were partial agonists with respect to adenylate cyclase activation and which displayed unexpected anomylous behavior on chromatography.
2WIN: an efficient call admission control scheme for quality of service in broadband multimedia LEO satellite networks

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are deployed as an enhancement to terrestrial wireless networks in order to provide broadband services to users regardless of their location. In addition to ensuring global coverage, LEO satellite systems support communications with hand-held devices and offer low cost access, making them promising platforms for military communications and for Personal Communication Services (PCS). The main contribution of this work is to propose 2WIN (Two Windows), an efficient call admission control scheme for multimedia LEO satellite networks. Instead of maintaining priority queues and making resource reservations in a number of cells that the user is likely to visit, 2WIN relies on a lightweight call admission mechanism that uses a pair of back-to-back virtual windows. The performance of 2WIN is compared with three related schemes. Simulation results show that our new scheme offers excellent quality of service (QoS) for multimedia traffic, featuring a very low call dropping probability, providing for reliable handoff of on-going calls, as well as a low call blocking probability for new call requests, while still ensuring high bandwidth utilization.
Bacterial Species Analysis and Proper Antibiotic Choices of Preauricular Fistular Abscess

Received May 17, 2012 Revised August 29, 2012 Accepted August 29, 2012 Address for correspondence Sang Kyu Park, MD Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, 200 Geumdan-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-728, Korea Tel +82-51-580-1341 Fax +82-51-514-2864 E-mail kashthra@naver.com Background and ObjectivesZZInfection of congenital preauricular fistula leads to preauricular abscess. Generally, the treatment for preauricular abscess is focused on subsiding abscess. Although incision & drainage is major point of therapy, the study of bacterial species and antibiotics for preauricular abscess is scant in literature. So, we investigated the most common species that cause preauricular abscess and the choice of proper antibiotics by using the databse available from the last 10 years. Subjects and MethodZZOur studies, from January, 2000 to December, 2010, included 86 patients in total (all in patients & out patients). We performed a retrospective review of bacterial species and culture analysis of each preauricular abscess. ResultsZZIn this study, it was shown that most common pathogens causing preauricular fistula infection were Staphylococcus (27.9%), Enterococcus (9.3%), streptococcus and Klebsiella (5.8%) and Peptostreptococcus (4.6%). And Amoxicillin/cavulanate, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin had excellent effects of minimal inhibitory concentration through multiple pathogens. ConclusionZZThe choice of antibiotics for preauricular abscess will be targeted on Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus and anaerobic infection. Amoxicillin/clavulanate or Ciprofloxacin are the most effective antibiotics. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2012;55:623-7
Amethyst: Optical Properties and Paramagnetic Resonance

Color centers in amethyst are produced by the action of ionizing radiation on precursor centers that arise from substitution of Fe+3 for Si+4 in the α-quartz structure. These Fe+3 centers provide the dominant features of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of amethyst. The three equivalent Si+4 sites are unequally occupied by Fe+3, a circumstance that explains the optical biaxiality of amethyst.
An Unclever Time-Sharing System

This paper describes the internal structure of a time-sharing system in some detail. This system is dedicated to providing remote access, and has a simple file structure. It is intended for use in a university type environment where there are many short jobs that will profit from one- or two-second turnaround. Despite its simplicity, this system can serve as a useful introduction to the problems encountered by the designers of any time-sharing system. Included are a discussion of the command language, the hardware organization toward which the design is oriented, the general internal organization, the command sequences, the CPU scheduler, handling of interrupts, the assignment of core space, execution and control of the user's program, backup storage management, and the handling of errors.
SOD1 G93D sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) patient with rapid progression and concomitant novel ANG variant

SOD1 G93D mutation has been described in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with slowly progressive disease. We describe an Italian patient affected by sporadic ALS with the SOD1 G93D mutation that disclosed an unusual rapid progression with death occurring after 30 months from the symptom onset. Considering the atypical clinical course further genes associated with ALS or known to be causative were studied including ANG, PGRN, TARDBP, FUS, VCP, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, and CHRNB4. A novel heterozygous ANG missense variant (c.433 C>T, p.R145C) was identified which is neither reported in controls nor in 1000 genomes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) databases. This report confirms that clinical course of SOD1-related ALS may be modulated by other causative or associated genes, including ANG and suggests that extensive screening of ALS-associated genes in patients with an already identified mutation may be helpful for better knowledge of genetic architecture of ALS.
Fabrication techniques and electrical properties of YBa2Cu3O7−x multilayers with rf sputtered amorphous SiO2 interlayers

Abstract We have successfully fabricated YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x /YSZ/YBa 2 /YSZ/YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x multilayer structures on single crystal LaAlO 3 (100), substrates. The YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x (YBCO) layers were deposited using pulsed laser ablation (PLD), the biaxially aligned YSZ (250 nm thick) layers were deposited using ion beam assisted PLD (IBAD-PLD), and an amorphous SiO 2 (1–2μm) layer fabricated via rf sputtering was sandwiched between the YSZ layers. Fabrication techniques and characterization results are reported for patterned layers in this work.
Quasiliving Cationic Polymerization of Styrene and Isobutylene: Run Number and Apparent Rate Constant of Ionization by TiCl4 and Energies of Activation of Elementary Reactions

The quantity kp/k-i was measured from first-order kinetic data for cationic quasiliving polymerization of styrene and isobutylene initiated with 5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis(2-chloro-2-propyl)benzene (bDCC)/TiCl4 in 60/40 MCHex/MeCl, via analysis of an initiation event termed rapid monomer consumption (RMC). RMC is characterized by an initial period of high polymerization rate followed by slower first-order decay in monomer concentration and is due to a larger ionization rate for the initiator compared to the polymer chain end. The value of kp/k-i was used in conjunction with the apparent rate constant for propagation, kapp, to calculate apparent rate constants of chain-end ionization, ki, for both monomers at −60, −70, −80, and −90 °C, independently of kp. Rate constants of ion-pair collapse and ionization equilibrium were calculated assuming published values of kp. Apparent energies of activation for kp/k-i of −2.4 and −4.6 kcal/mol were determined for styrene and IB, respectively. Apparent energies of activati...
Use of paper mill residuals as soil amendments

Abstract Different admixtures of soil, paper mill sludge and fly ash were evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments as a final cover for landfills. The admixtures and three grass legume mixtures were evaluated for germination, plant height, biomass production, and root penetration. Admixtures with equal parts soil, sludge and fly ash and with three parts sludge, one part fly ash and one pan soil performed the best in the greenhouse experiment. Heavy metal translocation was not a problem in the admixtures because of the high pH and low metal concentrations.
Evaluating minority recruitment into clinical studies: How good are the data?

Abstract PURPOSE: There has been much publicized concern about difficulty with minority recruitment into research studies, particularly since minority inclusion in randomized clinical trials was mandated by the 1993 National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act. We reviewed recruitment data in published reports from clinical studies to assess the actual degree of success in recruiting minorities versus whites and to identify barriers to recruitment. METHODS: We abstracted articles published between September 1993 and February 1995 that reported detailed results of participant recruitment for studies conducted in the United States. RESULTS: Of 65 articles meeting our eligibility criteria (median sample size, 1323), only one (1.5%) reported the racial/ethnic composition of potential study participants. Only two articles (3.1%) provided information about the racial/ethnic composition of eligible subjects, and only one (1.5%) provided information about the racial/ethnic composition of refusing subjects. For enrolled subjects, race/ethnicity was less likely to be reported (58.5%) than were age (90.8%) or gender (80.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The published literature currently contains insubstantial data to either refute or prove that there are differential recruitment rates among minorities as compared with whites. Changes in reporting will be needed in order to track progress in this area.
Combining the methods of harmonic balance and Kryloff-Bogoliuboff

In a recent work, Mickens has described a set of conditions under which the harmonic balance method (HBM) is implementable. The aim here is to broaden the scope of HBM analysis by drawing attention to the possible combination of such methods with those of Kryloff-Bogoliuboff. Surprisingly, these issues are not widely appreciated and as such provide an incentive for this note.
A multi-modal approach to emotion recognition using undirected topic models

A multi-modal framework for emotion recognition using bag-of-words features and undirected, replicated softmax topic models is proposed here. Topic models ignore the temporal information between features, allowing them to capture the complex structure without a brute-force collection of statistics. Experiments are performed over face, speech and language features extracted from the USC IEMOCAP database. Performance on facial features yields an unweighted average recall of 60.71%, a relative improvement of 8.89% over state-of-the-art approaches. A comparable performance is achieved when considering only speech (57.39%) or a fusion of speech and face information (66.05%). Individually, each source is shown to be strong at recognizing either sadness (speech) or happiness (face) or neutral (language) emotions, while, a multi-modal fusion retains these properties and improves the accuracy to 68.92%. Implementation time for each source and their combination is provided. Results show that a turn of 1 second duration can be classified in approximately 666.65ms, thus making this method highly amenable for real-time implementation.
In-vitro metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by liver and intestinal mucosa homogenates from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

Freshly prepared homogenates were used to assess the relative ability of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) liver and intestinal mucosal cells to metabolize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and its proximate carcinogenic metabolite, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol (7,8-Diol). Data obtained from homogenates prepared from fish previously fed β-naphthoflavone (BNF) indicated that both tissues had similar abilities to metabolize either BaP or 7,8-Diol on a per gram of protein basis. Metabolite profiles produced indicate that water-soluble metabolite formation is favored at low doses. These findings support the hypothesis that the intestine plays an important role in first-pass metabolism of dietary carcinogens in the winter flounder.
Male Alcoholics Treatment Outcome as a Function of Length of Treatment and Level of Current Adaptive Abilities

Pilot data have provided tentative evidence that the degree of cognitive impairment may be a meaningful classificatory variable with respect to subsequent outcome. The purpose of the proposed study...
Embryonic origin and differentiation of the Drosophila heart.

We have followed the normal development of the different cell types associated with the Drosophila dorsal vessel, i.e. cardioblasts, pericardial cells, alary muscles, lymph gland and ring gland, by using several tissue-specific markers and transmission electron microscopy. Precursors of pericardial cells and cardioblasts split as two longitudinal rows of cells from the lateral mesoderm of segments T2-A7 ("cardiogenic region") during stage 12. The lymph gland and dorsal part of the ring gland (corpus allatum) originate from clusters of lateral mesodermal cells located in T3 and T1/dorsal ridge, respectively. Cardioblast precursors are strictly segmentally organized; each of T2-A6 gives rise to six cardioblasts. While moving dorsally during the stages leading up to dorsal closure, cardioblast precursors become flattened, polarized cells aligned in a regular longitudinal row. At dorsal closure, the leading edges of the cardioblast precursors meet their contralateral counterparts. The lumen of the dorsal vessel is formed when the trailing edges of the cardioblast precursors of either side bend around and contact each other. The amnioserosa invaginates during dorsal closure and is transiently attached to the cardioblasts; however, it does not contribute to the cells associated with the dorsal vessel and degenerates during late embryogenesis. We describe ultrastructural characteristics of cardioblast differentiation and discuss similarities between cardioblast development and capillary differentiation in vertebrates.
The evaluation of linear forms

This presentation deals with the evaluation and transformation of linear forms. Especial emphasis is given to implicit methods in which it is not necessary to find the explicit values,x i . The relation of the Aitken triple product matrixCA −1 B to the result of a linear transformation of linear forms is noted, and the numerical computation of this triple product matrix is indicated with the use of the simple Abbreviated Doolittle solution. Application is also made to the evaluation ofA −1 and ofA −1 C.
Control of sudden recurrent arrhythmic deaths: Role of amiodarone

Abstract Patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have electrical instability of the myocardium, with 30% to 40% propensity for recurrent arrest in the first year. About 85% to 90% of such patients have complex ventricular ectopy and runs of ventricular tachycardia; in 70% to 80%, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation are inducible by programmed electrical stimulation. The attempt to control recurrent cardiac arrest using these parameters and conventional antiarrhythmic drugs has yielded conflicting or variable results. Amiodarone was therefore studied in 40 consecutive patients (with previous cardiac arrests) in whom conventional antiarrhythmic therapy had proved ineffective or was not tolerated. The mean ejection fraction of the group was 0.29 ± 0.12. At a mean follow-up of 16 months (range 5 to 40 months) six patients had died, three from heart failure, one from liver failure (not drug induced), and two from sudden (presumably arrhythmic) death. Late occurrences of arrhythmia were found in two patients (complicated by digitalis intoxication in one). Ambulatory ECG recordings showed that amiodarone had a potent suppressant effect on ventricular ectopy and runs of VT, but electrophysiologic studies demonstrated that it did not inhibit inducible VT VF in 65% despite an excellent clinical outcome. Limiting adverse reaction was seen in only one patient; other relatively minor side effects occurred in 10% to 15% of patients receiving maintenance therapy. Our data provide further evidence for the effectiveness of amiodarone in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, with a potential for the prolongation of survival in patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.
Critical comparisons between experiment and the predictions of the random pair attractive interaction model of carrier correlation in Si inversion layers

Abstract A discussion is given of the random pair attractive interaction model of carriers correlated in Si inversion layers. Comparisons are made with predictions and present experimental results.
Evaluation of Prostatitis in Autopsied Prostates—Is Chronic Inflammation More Associated With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or Cancer?

Purpose: Chronic inflammation is associated with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, the prevalence of chronic inflammation in malignant and benign glands has not been compared. We evaluated the association of inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer in autopsied prostates.Materials and Methods: We prospectively analyzed 167 autopsied prostates. Pathological analysis identified each focus of cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia nodules and areas of acute or chronic inflammation. Any cancer focus or benign prostatic hyperplasia nodule involved directly with inflammation was recorded. The association of the prevalence of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and inflammation was statistically assessed.Results: Inflammation was present in 113 (67.6%) of 167 cases. Chronic inflammation was identified in 88 (53%), acute inflammation in 6 (4%), and chronic inflammation and acute inflammation in 19 (11%) glands. In the majority of cases inflammation was present in the ...
Sex differences in open-field behavior in response to the β-carboline FG 7142 in rats

Sex differences in animal models of anxiety and depression that employ external stimuli have been previously reported. This study examined the effect of gender on pharmacologically induced anxiety in rats coupled with novel handling, injection, and activity in an open-field test. The anxiogenic compound FG 7142 significantly decreased male open-field exploratory at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, while rearing behavior was decreased only at the 20 mg/kg dose. Female rats were more resistant to the effects of FG 7142 on open-field exploratory behavior, decreasing open-field activity, and rearing behavior only after the administration of a dose of 40 mg/kg. In addition, a significant sex difference was observed in the open-field activity of rats injected with the vehicle control. Male rats were less active but showed a similar level of rearing behavior when compared to female rats. The greater sensitivity of male rats to the activity-suppressant effects of FG 7142 could explain the sex differences observed in several other animal models of anxiety and depression.
High-Temperature, Coal-Fired Combustor With Ceramic Heat Exchangers for CCGT Systems

High-temperature, coal-fired combustors with ceramic heat exchangers were designed for CCGT systems. The objective in evaluating CCGT systems is to convert U.S. coal to electricity with higher efficiency. Higher temperatures are required to accomplish this goal and ceramic heat exchanger surfaces allow the use of working fluid temperatures to 2500 F and higher. The results of a comprehensive government study are described in which an atmospheric fluidized bed and cyclone fired combustor/heat exchanger were designed for operation at 1750 and 2250 F.Copyright © 1980 by ASME
Engineering cooperative tecto–RNA complexes having programmable stoichiometries

High affinity and specificity RNA–RNA binding interfaces can be constructed by combining pairs of GNRA loop/loop–receptor interaction motifs. These interactions can be fused using flexible four-way junction motifs to create divalent, self-assembling scaffolding units (‘tecto-RNA’) that have favorable properties for nanomedicine and other applications. We describe the design and directed assembly of tecto-RNA units ranging from closed, cooperatively assembling ring-shaped complexes of programmable stoichiometries (dimers, trimers and tetramers) to open multimeric structures. The novelty of this work is that tuning of the stoichiometries of self-assembled complexes is achieved by precise positioning of the interaction motifs in the monomer units rather than changing their binding specificities. Structure-probing and transmission electron microscopy studies as well as thermodynamic analysis support formation of closed cooperative complexes that are highly resistant to nuclease digestion. The present designs provide two helical arms per RNA monomer for further functionalization aims.
Deformation Potentials in Silicon. II. Hydrostatic Strain and the Electron-Phonon Interaction

The hydrostatic pressure dependence of the energy of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{25}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$, the top of the valence band in Si, is calculated and expressed in terms of the deformation potential constant ${{D}_{d}}^{v}$. There are three types of terms which contribute to ${{D}_{d}}^{v}$: those involving the valence wave functions explicitly, a term involving the over-all zero of the crystal potential and an exchange and correlation term depending on the average valence charge density. It is shown that to obtain the correct change in the zero of energy with strain one may take the usually arbitrary zero of energy appearing in the Hartree-Fock self-consistent potential to be equal to the total energy of the ions in their equilibrium position divided by the number of electrons. The first term is determined by applying perturbation theory to the wave functions calculated previously by Kleinman and Phillips. The second term is calculated using the Ewald summing technique and the third term is determined from the Bohm-Pines approximation. Our calculated value of the pressure dependence of the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{25}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{1}$ energy gap in Si is similar to the experimental value obtained in Ge. Our absolute energy shifts lie between those estimated by Herring from transport data, and those of Bagguley et al., who determined the relaxation times appearing in Herring's theory from cyclotron resonance.
Relationship between hydrolytic rancidity, oil concentration, and esterase activity in rice bran

ABSTRACT Hydrolytic rancidity restricts the utilization of rice bran, reducing its potential value. In the present study, three groups of eight rice cultivars each displaying different levels of oil concentration (high, medium, and low) were cultivated in 1999 and 2000 under field conditions and evaluated for oil content, hydrolytic rancidity, and esterase activity in the bran fraction. Genotype effects were statistically significant for all measured traits (P < 0.05), whereas environment (year) was nonsignificant. Hydrolytic rancidity was strongly correlated with esterase activity (r = 0.89***), but not with oil concentration (r = -0.01). A wide variation was found for both hydrolytic rancidity and esterase activity, which ranged from 6.8 to 56.0 mg of C8:0/g of bran (CV = 49.1%) and from 4.3 to 22.8 mg of C8:0/g of bran (CV = 34.3%), respectively. Red bran displayed the lowest values for both hydrolytic rancidity (mean = 10.2 mg of C8:0/g of bran) and esterase activity (mean = 5.4 mg of C8:0/g of bran)....
Sonic hedgehog signaling regulates the expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐6 during fetal prostate development

At the onset of ductal morphogenesis in the developing prostate, Shh expression condenses at evaginations of urogenital sinus epithelium and activates Gli transcription factors in the adjacent mesenchyme. Abrogation of Hedgehog signaling disrupts proper prostatic budding, ductal growth, and branching. We now show that Hedgehog signaling regulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (Igfbp-6) in the developing mouse prostate. Igfbp-6 is a secreted factor that specifically binds insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), prevents its binding to the IGF-I receptor, and is thought to regulate the activity of IGF-II in growth and differentiation. Igfbp-6 is expressed in both the developing and adult prostate. In the urogenital sinus, Igfbp-6 mRNA colocalized with Ptc1 and Gli1 mRNA in the mesenchyme, while Igfbp-6 protein was found in both the mesenchymal and epithelial layers. Exogenous Shh peptide induced expression of Igfbp-6 in the developing prostate while the chemical inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling, cyclopamine, reduced its expression. These studies show that Igfbp-6 is an actual target of Shh signaling in the urogenital sinus and provide the first evidence for a linkage between the Hedgehog and IGF signaling pathways in prostate development.
990-52 Long-term Prognostic Significance of Treadmill Ischemia in “Low-risk” Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Patients with stable single or 2-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) and normal, or mildly depressed left ventricular function have a good prognosis. We have investigated the long-term prognostic significance of a positive exercise test (ExTestl in this population to establish whether it is useful in identifying a “high-risk” subgroup within a recognised “low-risk” population. Between 1987–94, 162 patients with documented single (n = 89) or double (n = 73) vessel CAD (exclUding left main and proximal left anterior descending CAD), left ventricular ejection fraction g35% (mean 51%, range 36–72%) on radionuclide ventriculography, and an interpretable ExTest were assigned to receive medical therapy. There were 123 males and 39 females (mean age 60 yrs). A positive ExTest for ischemia was present in 104 (64%) pts. Pts were followed for a mean period of 49 months (range 6–82 months), during which time 34 (21%) had cardiac events (cardiac death n = 3, myocardial infarction (AMI) n = 14, unstable angina n = 6, elective revascularisation n = 11). Similar proportion of pts with a positive ExTest and a negative ExTest suffered cardiac events (all events, including revascularization) during follow-up (21% and 20.7% respectively). Kaplan Meier survival analysis demonstrated no difference between the groups. Survival analysis also failed to demonstrate any difference in the incidence of acute cardiac events (cardiac death and AMI) between positive and negative ExTest groups; of 15 events, 6 (40%) occurred in those with a positive Extest. Pts with 2-vessel disease suffered significantly more events than those with I-vessel disease (29% vs 14.6%, P l 0.05), but there was no difference in acute events (cardiac death and AMI) between the two subsets. Even in pts with 2-vessel disease, there was no difference in survival in those with and without a positive ExTest. The data indicate that although detection of ischemia by exercise testing is useful as an initial diagnostic tool, once the coronary anatomy and left ventricular function are known, the presence of ischemia on treadmill exercise is of limited prognostic value in “low-risk” pts with stable CAD. These findings are consistent with reports demonstrating that acute cardiac events often result from plaque rupture in non-significantly stenosed vessels.
Development and functional significance of private speech among attention-deficit hyperactivity disordered and normal boys.

We compared the development of spontaneous private speech and its relationship to self-controlled behavior in a sample of 6- to 12-year-olds with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and matched normal controls. Thirty-eight boys were observed in their classrooms while engaged in math seatwork. Results revealed that ADHD children were delayed in private speech development in that they engaged in more externalized, self-guiding and less inaudible, internalized speech than normal youngsters. Several findings suggest that the developmental lag was a consequence of a highly unmanageable attentional system that prevents ADHD children's private speech from gaining efficient mastery over behavior. First, selfguiding speech was associated with greater attentional focus only among the least distractible ADHD boys. Second, the most mature, internalized speech forms were correlated with self-stimulating behavior for ADHD subjects but not for controls. Third, observations of ADHD children both on and off stimulant medication indicated that reducing their symptoms substantially increased the maturity of private speech and its association with motor quiescence and attention to task. Results suggest that the Vygotskian hypothesis of a unidirectional path of influence from private speech to self-controlled behavior should be expanded into a bidirectional model. These findings may also shed light on why treatment programs that train children with attentional deficits in speechto-self have shown limited efficacy.