cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efferents from medial basal forebrain and hypothalamus in the rat. I. An autoradiographic study of the medial preoptic area

Efferent projections from the medial and periventricular preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and nuclei of the diagonal band were traced using tritiated amino acid autoradiography in albino rats. Medial and periventricular preoptic area efferents were not restricted to shortaxon projections. Ascending projections from the medial preoptic area (mPOA) were traced through the diagonal band into the septum. Descending mPOA axons coursed in the medial parts of the medial forebrain bundle. Projections to most hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, were observed. In the midbrain, mPOA efferents were distributed in the central grey, raphe nuclei, ventral tegmental area and reticular formation. Projections from the mPOA were also observed to the amygdala through the stria terminalis, to the lateral habenula through the stria medullaris, and to the periventricular thalamus. Axons of the most medial and periventricular preoptic area (pvPOA) neurons had a distribution similar to more lateral mPOA neurons but their longest-axoned projections were weaker. The pvPOA did not send axons through the stria medullaris but did project more heavily than the more lateral mPOA to the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. Projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (nST) were in most respects similar to those from the medial preoptic area, with the major addition of a projection to the accessory olfactory bulb. The nuclei of the diagonal band of Broca (nDBB) gave a different pattern of projections than mPOA or nST, projecting, for instance, to the medial septum and hippocampus. Descending nDBB efferents ran in the ventral portion of the medial forebrain bundle. Among hypothalamic cell groups, only the medial mammillary nuclei received nDBB projections. nDBB efferents also distributed in the medial and lateral habenular nuclei and the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus.
Combined element magnet production for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL

The production of 432 combined element magnets for RHIC is well underway. These magnets consist of a superconducting corrector, a quadrupole, and a sextupole combined into an integrated cold mass which is inserted into a cryostat. Production experiences as well as test results are reported.
Energy use: the most important environmental impact of electronic equipment?

A large proportion of the environmental impact of electronic equipment occurs through energy consumption during the use phase of the equipment's life cycle. The importance of energy consumption is emphasized through a comparison of the amount of lead in a device's soldered electrical connections and the lead content of the coal needed to fuel a coal-burning power plant supplying the device's energy. The prospects for reducing energy consumption of electronic equipment are discussed. The example of an electronic alarm clock is examined in detail. Incentives for manufacturers to reduce energy consumption of their products are reviewed. Finally, the less direct, but sometimes more important, effects that electronic equipment can have on other types of energy use are addressed. >
GIVING-UP DENSITIES AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF EUROPEAN STARLINGS AND AMERICAN ROBINS

Abstract In a field experiment, we measured the giving-up densities and activity of co-occurring American Robins (Turdus migratorius) and European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Across six distances from cover, both species had lower giving-up densities near cover (safe) than away (risky). In terms of activity, both species were more active near than away from cover. Preference for cover was more pronounced for robins. Both species foraged more in the morning than in the afternoon. This pattern was more pronounced for starlings. Relative to the background environment (mowed grass), robins favored the food patches more than starlings. For starlings and robins, respectively, it took 72.6 m2 and 382.3 m2 of background environment to generate the same feeding activity in a 1-m2 food patch filled with 210 mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). The greater degree of herbivory by starlings may explain the robins' greater affinity for food patches (invertebrates only) relative to the background environment (both invertebra...
Megachurch Pastor Twitter Activity: An Analysis of Rick Warren and Andy Stanley, Two of America’s Social Pastors

Mainstream church leaders have taken to Twitter as a platform for spreading their message and promoting their churches. This study examines two American mega-church pastors, Rick Warren of Saddleback Church in Orange County, California, and Andy Stanley of North Point Community Church in Atlanta, Georgia. The main objectives of this study are to analyse the Twitter activity of both pastors in an attempt to categorize their tweets according to research-based guidelines and to suggest new categories for ministry leaders who use social media. The study also tracks the Twitter activity over the life of the @rickwarren and @andystanley accounts. The study shows intriguing applications of Twitter by these two pastors and makes recommendations for those in ministry leadership who wish to use Twitter as a broadcast platform for their personal and ministry messages. Because research in ministerial use of social media is young, future studies are needed to determine if these recommendations can apply to the social media activity of other ministry leaders and to explore how ministry leaders across the religious spectrum are using social media.
ATP-sensitive K+ channels in rat aorta and brain microvascular endothelial cells

The endothelium plays an important role in the modulation of vascular tone and blood cell activation. Extensive work has demonstrated that the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from the endothelium is evoked by a number of physical and chemical stimuli requiring Ca2+. Because endothelial cells do not express voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ influxes following receptor activation may be facilitated by cell hyperpolarizations mediated by the activation of K+ conductances. There has been recent interest in the role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) suggesting that KATP may play a role in the regulation of blood flow. We have investigated the electrophysiological properties of an ATP-sensitive K+ conductance in whole cell and membrane patches from rat aorta and brain microvascular endothelial cells. Whole cell as well as single-channel currents were increased by either intracellular dialysis of ATP or application of glucose-free/NaCN (2 mM) solutions. Both currents were reversibly blocked by glibenclamide (1-100 microM). The KATP channel opener pinacidil (30 microM) caused activation of an outward current in the presence of physiological intracellular ATP concentrations. In inside-out patches, 10 microM-1 mM ATP invariably caused a dramatic decrease in channel activity. We conclude that both rat aorta and brain microvascular endothelial cells express KATP channels. KATP may play a role in the regulation of endothelial cell resting potential during impaired energy supply and therefore modulate EDRF release and thus cerebral blood flow.
Path planning for semi-automated simulated robotic neurosurgery

This paper considers the semi-automated robotic surgical procedure for removing the brain tumor margins, where the manual operation is a tedious and time-consuming task for surgeons. We present robust path planning methods for robotic ablation of tumor residues in various shapes, which are represented in point-clouds instead of analytical geometry. Along with the path plans, corresponding metrics are also delivered to the surgeon for selecting the optimal candidate in the automated robotic ablation. The selected path plan is then executed and tested on RAVEN™ II surgical robot platform as part of the semi-automated robotic brain tumor ablation surgery in a simulated tissue phantom.
Lectin-Induced Giant Cell Formation in the Chicken Wattle

Abstract The fusion of mononuclear cells has been observed in inflammatory reactions and in cell culture experiments. This report describes the in vivo fusion of macrophages and their cytological structures. Thick (1 μm) and thin sections of wattle were prepared 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hr after a single subcutaneous-wattle injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P; .1 ml; 100 μg) in saline. The injection of PHA-P induced within 6 hr a blood borne mononuclear cell infiltration of the chicken's wattle. Giant cells (3 to 8 mononuclear cells) were found by 24 hr, reached a maximum number by 48 hr and declined perceptibly by 96 hr. After 48 hr the mononuclear cells possessed a well-developed Golgi apparatus, ergastoplasmic cisternae, and large amounts of glycogen-like granules which diminished by 96 hr. The influence of lectin on the glycogen content of macrophages is similar to published observations on small lymphocytes and suggests a similar carbohydrate metabolism between these two cell types.
‘MORAL OFFSET’: Competing framings of pro-environmental lifestyle choices

A critical discourse analysis (CDA) of three pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) initiatives promoting low-carbon lifestyles in the UK showcased on BBC Radio 4 illustrates the discursive struggles ov...
Macromolecular structure of coals: 2. Molecular weight between crosslinks from pyridine swelling experiments

Abstract The effective macromolecular structure of ten coals was investigated by application of a modified Gaussian network equation to the results of equilibrium vapour-swelling studies using pyridine as the penetrant. Using data at 35 °C it was found that the effective number N of repeating units between crosslinks varied from 7.0 to 8.5, corresponding to a molecular weight M c between crosslinks of 990 to 1280, over the coal rank range 69.9–82.4 wt%C (dmmf). At 86.0 wt%C, N fell to 4.6, corresponding to a molecular weight between crosslinks of 780, and continued to decline to 2.2, corresponding to M c = 814 , at 91.5 wt%C. An increase in swelling temperature from 35 to 60 °C had little effect on the analysis; however, at 80 °C substantially increased equilibrium swelling values were obtained, which indicated a change in coal structure, increased thermodynamic interaction or attack on the hydrogen-bonded structure of the coal by pyridine.
Altered erythropoiesis during the course of virulent murine malaria.

SummaryPeripheral, medullary, and splenic erythroid parameters were quantitatively assessed in mice during the course of virulent malarial (P. berghei) infection. Mice became progressively anemic, with circulating erythrocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels declining to approximately 20% of control by Day 21. The anemia was further characterized by a 34% increase in mean corpuscular volume, a 16% elevation in mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and a 14% decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration by Day 21. A meager 1.5-fold reticulocytosis was noted on Day 7, which declined thereafter. Tibial nucleated cellularity was depressed to 85 and 72% of control values on Days 7 and 21, respectively, while erythroid precursor numbers remained at 74% of control levels throughout the course of infection. In contrast, splenic nucleated cells were elevated 2-fold on Day 7 and increased approximately 4-fold on Days 14 and 21. Although nearly 20-fold elevations in erythroid precursor levels were apparent, these ...
Research on fractal characteristics of marble fragments subjected to impact loading

The size distribution of marble fragmentation subjected to impact loading is analyzed statistically from the view of fractal geometry.The result indicates that the fragment-size distribution of fragments has fractal property.Fractal dimension can quantitatively describe the fragment distribution characteristics of fracture process of marble;and can reflect the fragmentation degree reasonably.There is obvious relativity between the average fragment-size of marble and impact loading speed;but the relativity declines with the increase of loading speed.Subsequently,the relationship between the specific energy absorption and fractal dimension is established.It is illustrated that energy absorbency of marble is crucial factors influencing the changes of fractal dimension.The fractal dimension is an appropriate parameter which generally indicates the whole process of rock fragmentation.
Evaluating Characteristics of Top and Bottom Performance: Online Versus In-Class

ABSTRACTThis study compared the characteristics of students who excel (those in the top quarter of their class) and students who merely survive (bottom quarter of class) when attending a course either in-class or online. Student characteristics such as personal attributes (learning styles and gender), individual competence (grade point average), and major (nonquantitative or quantitative) may influence performance differently in each setting. This study shows that low-performing students, who typically need the most guidance in an online course, do in fact have traits that differ from those of low-performing students in-class. Accordingly, it is imperative that instructors develop proper materials and evaluation procedures aimed at helping low-achieving students succeed. However, because online education lacks face-to-face interaction, faculty may not realize that these differences exist.
Hyperglycemia induced by pasireotide in patients with Cushing's disease or acromegaly.

Purpose Cushing’s disease (CD) and acromegaly are characterized by excessive hormone secretion resulting in comorbidities such as impaired glucose metabolism, diabetes and hypertension. Pasireotide is a new-generation, multireceptor-targeted somatostatin receptor ligand approved for CD (subcutaneous [SC] injection formulation) and acromegaly (long-acting release [LAR] formulation). In clinical studies of pasireotide, hyperglycemia-related adverse events (AEs) were frequently observed. This review highlights differences in reported rates of hyperglycemia in pasireotide trials and discusses risk factors for and management of pasireotide-associated hyperglycemia.
The Changing phase of tumbling alloys

High-energy ball milling, in which a horizontal rotating chamber charged with tumbling steel balls is used to pulverise materials, has been a recognised laboratory technique for the last 20 years for making materials with controlled and extremely fine micro-structures. Such a process produces, for example, superalloys with homogeneous distributions of oxide phases, important for jet engine turbine blades, but the technique is still primarily a research tool for synthesising new materials.
Classification and Diagnosis of Anemia in Children

Publisher Summary Reduction in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, or number of red blood cells per cubic millimetre is termed as anemia. The first step in diagnosis of anemia is to establish whether the abnormality is isolated to a single cell line (red blood cells only) or whether it is part of a multiple cell line abnormality (red cells, white cells and platelets). Abnormalities of two or three cell lines usually indicate bone marrow involvement, or an immunologic disorder or • sequestration of cells. The blood smear is very helpful in the diagnosis of anemia. It establishes whether the anemia is hypochromic, microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic, or shows specific morphologic abnormalities suggestive of red cell membrane disorders or hemoglobinopathies. This chapter summarizes the approach to diagnosis of anemia and discusses various diagnostic techniques like mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW) indices.
Geophysical and cryostratigraphic investigations for road design in northern Alaska

Abstract This study used combined geophysical and cryostratigraphic methods for permafrost characterization in Arctic road design and engineering. Two major study areas located in the continuous permafrost zone represented a range of terrain conditions including yedoma (syngenetically frozen ice-rich silts with large ice wedges) plateaus and hills, thaw-lake basins, river terraces, and modern floodplains. Direct-current resistivity - electrical resistivity tomography (DCR-ERT) using a Wenner array was applied over transects. Complementary site data including the results of drilling and active layer depths measurements were also obtained. The boreholes provided cryostratigraphic information on soil texture, cryostructures, ground ice, and gravimetric moisture content of frozen soils. The resistivity data supported evaluation of the presence/absence of permafrost; location and depth of the active and intermediate layers; and in some conditions changes in ice content. In contrast, the cryostratigraphic interpretation generally offered more nuanced analysis of the subsurface, but was limited in its ability to detect unconformities and the depth of drilling. Both techniques were enhanced by the availability of high-resolution geospatial information and can be used to optimize the location and density of the boreholes for road construction.
Subcritical detection of targets buried under a rippled interface: extended perturbation theory

Previous comparisons between controlled measurements and model predictions for shallow grazing angle acoustic backscatter by underwater targets buried in sand with a rippled surface have shown good agreement except for some of the higher roughness height cases. This lends confidence to the hypothesis that roughness diffraction can significantly improve target detection performance with sonar operated at grazing angles shallower than the critical grazing angle. The exceptions to model agreement showed even greater detection signal-to-noise due to roughness diffraction than predicted. Because the modeling was based on low-order perturbation theory to handle sound transmission through bottom roughness, these exceptions have been attributed to failure of the perturbation theory. Here we report on the effect of including higher-order perturbation corrections using a recursive algorithm to generate corrections to arbitrary order for an idealized sinusoidal ripple. Straightforward summation of terms is seen to lead to divergence beyond third order as the acoustic wavelength gets smaller than the ripple height. However, reformulations of perturbation theory, such as applying Pade approximants or using Voronovich's small-slope approximation, are shown to remain stable for most problems of interest
Estimation of long terminal repeat element content in the Helicoverpa zea genome from high-throughput sequencing of bacterial artificial chromosome pools.

The lepidopteran pest insect Helicoverpa zea feeds on cultivated corn and cotton across the Americas where control remains challenging owing to the evolution of resistance to chemical and transgenic insecticidal toxins, yet genomic resources remain scarce for this species. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library having a mean genomic insert size of 145 ± 20 kbp was created from a laboratory strain of H. zea, which provides ∼12.9-fold coverage of a 362.8 ± 8.8 Mbp (0.37 ± 0.09 pg) flow cytometry estimated haploid genome size. Assembly of Illumina HiSeq 2000 reads generated from 14 pools that encompassed all BAC clones resulted in 165 485 genomic contigs (N50 = 3262 bp; 324.6 Mbp total). Long terminal repeat (LTR) protein coding regions annotated from 181 contigs included 30 Ty1/copia, 78 Ty3/gypsy, and 73 BEL/Pao elements, of which 60 (33.1%) encoded all five functional polyprotein (pol) domains. Approximately 14% of LTR elements are distributed non-randomly across pools of BAC clones.
Psychrotrophic Growth and Thermal Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes as a Function of Milk Composition.

Listeria monocytogenes strains 19111, 19113, 19115, F5027 and F5069 were grown in 11% nonfat milk solids, skim milk and whole milk at 4, 10, 22, and 37°C to determine the influence of temperature and milk composition on growth and thermal resistance. Milk composition affected cellular growth. The psychrotrophic growth of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strains was enhanced in whole milk when compared to skim milk or 11% NFMS. This enhancement of psychrotrophic growth was not observed for serotype 1 or 3 strains. The stimulatory effect of whole milk on serotype 4b L. monocytogenes strains was most dramatic at 10°C where cells increased from 7.9 × 10° to 5.8 × 106 CFU/ml within 48 h. Milk composition did not affect the thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes. All strains used in this study had a D62.7°C value of 1.0 min or less, therefore, pasteurization as defined by current FDA guidelines should eliminate this organism from raw milk with a large margin of safety. Post-pasteurization contamination of dairy pro...
“It’s a blessing and a curse”: Perspectives on tablet use in children with autism spectrum disorder:

Background and aimsThis qualitative study was conducted to obtain information regarding education professionals’ (i.e., classroom teachers’ and speech-language pathologists’) perspectives about tab...
Glutamate imaging (GluCEST) reveals lower brain GluCEST contrast in patients on the psychosis spectrum.

Psychosis commonly develops in adolescence or early adulthood. Youths at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis exhibit similar, subtle symptoms to those with schizophrenia (SZ). Malfunctioning neurotransmitter systems, such as glutamate, are implicated in the disease progression of psychosis. Yet, in vivo imaging techniques for measuring glutamate across the cortex are limited. Here, we use a novel 7 Tesla MRI glutamate imaging technique (GluCEST) to estimate changes in glutamate levels across cortical and subcortical regions in young healthy individuals and ones on the psychosis spectrum. Individuals on the psychosis spectrum (PS; n=19) and healthy young individuals (HC; n=17) underwent MRI imaging at 3 and 7 T. At 7 T, a single slice GluCEST technique was used to estimate in vivo glutamate. GluCEST contrast was compared within and across the subcortex, frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. Subcortical (χ2 (1)=4.65, P=0.031) and lobular (χ2 (1)=5.17, P=0.023) GluCEST contrast levels were lower in PS compared with HC. Abnormal GluCEST contrast levels were evident in both CHR (n=14) and SZ (n=5) subjects, and correlated differentially, across regions, with clinical symptoms. Our findings describe a pattern of abnormal brain neurochemistry early in the course of psychosis. Specifically, CHR and young SZ exhibit diffuse abnormalities in GluCEST contrast attributable to a major contribution from glutamate. We suggest that neurochemical profiles of GluCEST contrast across cortex and subcortex may be considered markers of early psychosis. GluCEST methodology thus shows promise to further elucidate the progression of the psychosis disease state.
Cholinergic agonists reduce blood pressure in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Increased inflammation arising from an abnormal immune response can damage healthy tissue and lead to disease progression. An important example of this is the accumulation of inflammatory mediators in the kidney, which can subsequently lead to hypertension and renal injury. The origin of this inflammation may involve neuro‐immune interactions. For example, the novel vagus nerve‐to‐spleen mechanism known as the “cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway” controls inflammation upon stimulation. However, if this pathway is dysfunctional, inflammation becomes less regulated and chronic inflammatory diseases such as hypertension may develop. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with aberrant immune function, increased renal inflammation, and prevalent hypertension. We hypothesized that the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway is impaired in SLE and that stimulation of this pathway would protect from the progression of hypertension in SLE mice. Female SLE ( NZBWF1 ) and control ( NZW ) mice were administered nicotine or vehicle for 7 days (2 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) in order to stimulate the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway at the level of the splenic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( α 7‐nAChR). Blood pressure was assessed posttreatment. Nicotine‐treated SLE mice did not develop hypertension and this lower blood pressure (compared to saline‐treated SLE mice) coincided with lower splenic and renal cortical expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These data provide evidence that the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway is impaired in SLE. In addition, these data suggest that stimulation of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway can protect the kidney by dampening inflammation and therefore prevent the progression of hypertension in the setting of SLE.
Polyurethane Nanocomposite Foams: Correlation Between Nanofillers, Porous Morphology, and Structural and Functional Properties

Abstract Polyurethane foams represent one of the most versatile classes of polymeric materials currently used in several application fields. By tailoring polyurethane formulations, it is possible to achieve several densities, morphologies, and rigidity or flexibility, which allow polyurethane foams to satisfy a wide range of technical requirements. In this chapter, the authors aim to review the main and most relevant works on the influence of fillers (at nano- and microscale) dispersion on chemical, morphological, physical and functional properties of polyurethane (flexible and rigid) nanocomposite foams and comparing them with the performances of pristine polyurethane foams. However particular attention was dedicated to a new class of nanocomposites, defined as “hybrid polyurethane foams,” in which the nanoparticles are synthesized in situ via sol–gel approach.
Setting up Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Learning Environment in Unity

We propose a framework and a setup for presenting complex models for curriculum contents in both augmented reality and virtual reality environment. After constructing some three-dimensional models representing real world objects such as trees, stones, rivers, dams, and buildings, our workflow uses the Unity engine in combination with Virtual Reality headset devices to create interactive applications for both Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality environments to support students understanding the curriculum contents through their surrounding. Typical challenges are addressed when creating 3D curriculum contents, integrating these models into Unity and solutions are proposed where possible. The overall structure of the project is described with some functionalities added to Unity for visualization and interaction with the models.
Tunneling Spectroscopies of Metal and Semiconductor Phonons

Tunneling spectroscopy of metal and semiconductor phonons began with the prize winning research of Esaki, Giaever, McMillan, and Rowell in the late 1950s to mid 1960s. Since that time there has been rapid and fruitful growth of the field. In fact, there have been at least as many (if not more) publications in this field as on the subject of most of this book, tunneling spectroscopy of molecular vibrations. Thus, it would be impossible in one chapter to treat the entire field in depth.
Bewusteloosheid e Causa Ignota

De tandarts schrijftme: ‘Vrijdag zag ik een patiente van 47 jaar die ik al 11 jaar behandel. Ze is erg angstig en eerder flauwgevallen bijmedische ingrepen. De anamnese is verder blanco. Na 2 carpules ultracaine bij een avitaal element, gaf ze na 10minuten aan dat zemisselijk werd. Na haar rechtop te hebben gezet werd ze onwel, lijkbleek en viel weg. Na 10-15 seconden werd ze weermooi roze,maar ondanks dat ze nu plat lag, raakte ze toch bewusteloos gedurende circa 30 seconden. Ze was in deze tijd lijkbleek en had de ogen wijd open.Met de manoeuvre van Rautek hebben we haar op de grond gelegd en daarna in stabiele zijligging gebracht. Haarmanmeldde dat ze iets dergelijks had gehad tijdens een poliklinische ingreep. De patient had na dit accident 2,5 uur nodig voordat zij zich in staat achtte naar huis te gaan.’
A Forward Analysis of a Two Degree of Freedom Parallel Manipulator

The forward analysis of a parallel planar manipulator (PPM) with two degrees of freedom is developed. The two degree of freedom PPM has been applied to an articulated mobile robot and the forward analysis is one of the tools developed to aid in the design and control of the articulated mobile robot. The forward analysis is derived from the loop closure equation for a quadrilateral applied to two quadrilaterals that make up the PPM. One side and two angles are common between the two quadrilaterals. An input-output equation is derived that generates six closures for the mechanism. The forward analysis is applied to the geometry of the PPM utilized in the articulated mobile robot, and determines four real and two imaginary closures.
Care Coordination and the prosthetic clinic: A clinical outcomes and program evaluation project

Introduction: Care Coordination is the health care delivery model that has been implemented in the prosthetic clinic at the Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada. In delivering comprehensive, family-centered services, it is important to evaluate the extent to which patients and families perceive coordinated care to occur. Aim: To evaluate the delivery of Care Coordination services to our patients and families in the prosthetic clinic, and to identify strengths and areas for improvement. The time required to provide coordinated care was also evaluated. Methods: The MPOC-20 was administered to the parents of 23 lower extremity deficiency or amputee patients seen in the prosthetic clinic over a 14-month period. Results: Providing coordinated and comprehensive care related to involving families as part of the team was the most frequently reported strength of the prosthetic clinic Care Coordination. Providing information to families about their child's progress and having information and resources available were areas identified as needing improvement by approximately 30% of respondents. Those with complex health needs required five times the amount of Care Coordination devoted time than the average patient. Conclusions: The MPOC-20 proved to be a useful tool to highlight areas for improvement in the prosthetic clinic and to validate aspects of care coordination that were appreciated by families.
MITO-APOCYNIN, A NOVEL MITOCHONDRIA-TARGETED DERIVATIVE OF APOCYNIN, INHIBITS NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME ACTIVATION IN PRIMARY MURINE MICROGLIA IN DOPAMINERGIC NEUROTOXIC MODELS

The NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway has recently been recognized as a major player in neuro-inflammation in the CNS. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are known to play key roles ...
Emerging Evidence for Krüppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4) as a Tumor Suppressor in Neuroblastoma

Abstract Currently, 17 transcription factors are known to form the Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family. All transcription factors of the KLF family resemble the members of the specificity protein (Sp) family; however, all members of the KLF family are distinctly characterized by three Cys2/His2 zinc finger motifs at their C-terminal ends. The Cys2/His2 zinc finger motifs of KLF family members are used for efficient binding to the GC/GT box or CACCC element of the enhancer or promoter of the target genes. For the regulation of tumor cell growth or death, KLF4 is an important player. The precise localization of the KLF4 gene is known to be chromosome 9q31. As a transcription regulator, KLF4 is capable of controlling tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, angiogenesis, and metastasis emphasizing its significance in tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Various studies suggest that KLF4 plays important roles in tumor progression as well as in tumor suppression depending on the tumor types and contexts. Malignant neuroblastoma is a deadly tumor that mostly occurs in children. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that KLF4 inhibits the cell cycle and activates cell differentiation and death pathways in human malignant neuroblastoma, thereby behaving as a tumor suppressor. Our increasing understanding of the molecular mechanism of expression and activity of KLF4 in human malignant neuroblastoma will be highly useful for better diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of this deadly pediatric tumor in the near future.
Abstract 5307: Androgen Receptor promotes localization of E-cadherin to cell-cell junctions through Abi1 signaling

According to American Cancer Society, prostate cancer is a slow progressing disease that affects nearly 50 percent of males over the age of 60. Every year, 165,000 new cases are diagnosed and 30,000 deaths are reported. Current therapies such as Androgen Depravation Therapy (ADT) and Anti-Androgen treatments such as Enzalutamide increase quality of life and extend survival but do not provide a definitive treatment and are ineffective in highly metastatic prostate cancer. Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is an untreatable highly metastatic form of prostate cancer and once diagnosed the survival rate is 1-2 years. Hence, the understanding of molecular mechanisms of CRPC is of critical importance. We previously linked prostate cancer to Abi1 gene. Abl interactor 1 (Abi1) is a scaffolding protein and an integral member of the WAVE Regulatory Complex (WRC). WRC is actin nucleation promoting factor that acts upstream of Arp2/3 to enhance the speed of actin polymerization and is critical for various cellular functions including cell-cell junction formation. Our previous research using a prostate cancer mouse models shows that loss of Abi1 expression leads to down-regulation of cellular adhesion proteins such as E-cadherin. Studies using our CRISPR KO RWPE cell line indicate that loss of Abi1 disrupts cell-cell junction formation via decreased levels of E-cadherin. Analysis of patient data demonstrated loss of Abi1 in a subset of CRPC patients. Castrate resistant tumor growth is androgen independent therefore anti-androgen therapy is ineffective. In search of a link between the androgen signaling and the role of Abi1 in prostate cancer we found that Abi1 gene contains androgen receptor (AR) binding sites. Consistent with the idea that Abi1 is an AR responsive gene, expression levels of Abi1 are increased following AR stimulation with the synthetic androgen, R1881, of the hormone sensitive cell line LNCaP. We also observed increased levels of E-cadherin at the cell-cell junctions. In contrast, cells lacking Abi1 do not form proper cell junctions neither respond to AR stimulation in the same way as wild type cells. We propose that Abi1 is a critical part of androgen signaling by promoting cell-cell junctions and tissue integrity. Supported by NCI R01 CA161018 (LK). Citation Format: Baylee Porter, Disharee Nath, Susan A. Krum, Gennady Bratslavsky, Vladimir A. Kuznetsov, Leszek Kotula. Androgen Receptor promotes localization of E-cadherin to cell-cell junctions through Abi1 signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5307.
An Ethics Guide to Psychobiography: A Best Practice Model

Psychobiography is a research endeavor, and as in all psychological research ethical considerations are a critical component of the research process. Traditionally, psychobiographers have devoted more attention to the psychological theories undergirding psychobiography and to the diverse methodologies employed in the research, than to ethical considerations and challenges inherent in the research process. This chapter argues that ethics should be central to the psychobiography research plan and execution. The authors introduce a best practice ethics model for psychobiographers that is infused throughout the research, writing, and publication process. Addressed are ethical considerations at each stage of the research process, including: selecting one’s psychobiographical research subject; navigating the initial proposal review and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) process; considering informed consent procedures and options; having an ethical decision making model in place to address unanticipated ethical issues that emerge during the research; writing and publishing the psychobiography; and monitoring the impact of the psychobiography on those who may be impacted by the study. The authors consider ethics not as a distinct part of psychobiographical research, but as a living, evolving thread constantly intertwining in all facets of the study before, during, and after completion. The ethics guide presented will be valuable to psychobiographers at all levels of training, experience, and expertise.
Social factors, not anthropogenic noise or artificial light, influence onset of dawn singing in a common songbird

With worldwide increases in artificial light and anthropogenic noise, understanding how these pollutants influence animals allows us to better mitigate potential negative effects. Both light and noise affect the timing of daily activities, including the onset of dawn song in birds, yet the influence of these pollutants compared with social factors that also influence song onset remains unknown. We investigated the onset of dawn song, testing hypotheses aimed at understanding the influences of light and noise pollution as well as male competition, pairing status, and breeding stage on timing of dawn singing by male House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon). Overall, models with social factors fit song onset data better than models with abiotic factors of noise and sky glow, and the highest ranking model included nesting stage, number of male neighbors, and temperature. Males began singing earlier when they were building nests and when mates were fertile than during later nesting stages. Males also sang earlier as the number of male neighbors increased. The timing of dawn song by male House Wrens appeared unaffected by day-to-day variation in light and noise pollution, with social factors having larger effects on the onset of daily behavior in this species.
Transcriptional and Functional Programming of Decidual Innate Lymphoid Cells

A successful pregnancy requires many physiological adaptations from the mother, including the establishment of tolerance toward the semiallogeneic fetus. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have arisen as important players in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis at mucosal and barrier surfaces. Dimensionality reduction and transcriptomic analysis revealed the presence of two novel CD56Bright decidual ILCs that express low T-bet and divergent Eomes levels. Transcriptional correlation with recently identified first trimester decidual dNKs suggests that these novel decidual ILCs might be present throughout pregnancy. Functional testing with permutation analysis revealed production of multiple factors by individual cells, with a preference for IFNγ and VEGF. Overall, our data suggests continuity of a unique decidual innate lymphocytes across pregnancy with a polyfunctional functional profile conducive for pregnancy.
A 45-Year-Old Patient with Chronic Sole Pain

Heel pain is a very common source of discomfort and disability. About one in ten people will develop heel pain in their lifetime. Some estimates have it affecting up to 10% of the population in this country. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of chronic foot pain. Its exact etiology is unknown but is considered secondary to chronic degeneration and tearing of the plantar fascia at the proximal attachment on the medial heel. Diagnosis can normally be made with clinical history and physical examination. Ultrasound may be beneficial for diagnosis by a skilled examiner. Further imaging may be considered for other pathologies of the osseous and soft tissues, including tumor. Conservative treatment can be very successful including rest, stretching of the heel chord and plantar fascia, orthosis, and night splints. For continued symptoms, physical therapy referral may be warranted, and symptomatic relief with corticosteroid injection may be offered. Studies show PRP may even have a longer benefit that corticosteroid. For intractable plantar fasciitis, extracorporeal shockwave therapy may be worth considering prior to surgery. Cases not alleviated by the above with moderate to severe symptoms for 6–12 months may benefit from surgical consult.
Communicology, Antidepressants and Employability—A Critique of the Pathologization of Precarity

Some preliminary remarks necessarily precede a direct connection of employment pecarity and mental health, especially given that precarious circumstances are too often identified exclusively as economic problems. To the contrary, virtually all intellectual disciplines have a stake in precarity, to include philosophy, culturology and psychiatry, which are influential in communicology. Communicology is the science of embodied discourse and therefore focuses on the human experience of signs in culture. Interrelated signs that figure here include depression, antidpressants, and employment precarity.
Learning Representations for Axis-Aligned Decision Forests through Input Perturbation.

Axis-aligned decision forests have long been the leading class of machine learning algorithms for modeling tabular data. In many applications of machine learning such as learning-to-rank, decision forests deliver remarkable performance. They also possess other coveted characteristics such as interpretability. Despite their widespread use and rich history, decision forests to date fail to consume raw structured data such as text, or learn effective representations for them, a factor behind the success of deep neural networks in recent years. While there exist methods that construct smoothed decision forests to achieve representation learning, the resulting models are decision forests in name only: They are no longer axis-aligned, use stochastic decisions, or are not interpretable. Furthermore, none of the existing methods are appropriate for problems that require a Transfer Learning treatment. In this work, we present a novel but intuitive proposal to achieve representation learning for decision forests without imposing new restrictions or necessitating structural changes. Our model is simply a decision forest, possibly trained using any forest learning algorithm, atop a deep neural network. By approximating the gradients of the decision forest through input perturbation, a purely analytical procedure, the decision forest directs the neural network to learn or fine-tune representations. Our framework has the advantage that it is applicable to any arbitrary decision forest and that it allows the use of arbitrary deep neural networks for representation learning. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposal through experiments on synthetic and benchmark classification datasets.
Accumbens coordinated reset stimulation in mice exhibits ameliorating aftereffects on binge alcohol drinking.

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects nearly 5% of the world’s adult population. Despite treatment, AUD often manifests with relapse to binge drinking, which has been associated with corticostriatal hypersynchrony involving the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Methods A modified “Drinking in the Dark” protocol was used to provoke binge-like alcohol drinking. We implemented Coordinated Reset Stimulation (CRS), a computationally designed, spatio-temporal stimulation algorithm, to desynchronize abnormal neuronal activity via a deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode in the NAc of mice exhibiting binge-like alcohol drinking. Integral CRS charge injected would be 2.5% of that of conventional high-frequency DBS. Results NAc CRS delivery during only the initial phase of exposure to alcohol and prior to the exposure (but not during) significantly reduced binge-like drinking without interfering with social behavior or locomotor activity. Conclusions NAc CRS ameliorates binge-like alcohol drinking and preliminarily exhibits sustained aftereffects that are suggestive of an unlearning of hypersynchrony.
The Music of Ruth Bader Ginsburg

This short tribute, invited by the Harvard Law Review, recalls some of my experiences as one of Justice Ginsburg's first clerks on the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The Justice's soft voice has died, but her music vibrates in our memory.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Blockade Improves Uterine Artery Resistance, Maternal Blood Pressure, and Fetal Growth in Placental Ischemic Rats.

Abstract We recently reported that adoptive transfer of cytolytic Natural Killer cells (cNKs) from the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rat induces a preeclampsia (PE)-like phenotype in pregnant rats, accompanied by increased TNF-α. The purpose of this study was to investigate a role for increased TNF-α to induce oxidative stress (ROS), decrease nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and induce vascular dysfunction as mechanisms of hypertension (HTN) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in RUPPs. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats underwent the RUPP or a Sham procedure on gestation day (GD) 14. On GDs 15 and 18, a subset of Sham and RUPP rats received i.p.injections of vehicle or 0.4 mg/kg of Etanercept (ETA), a soluble TNF-α receptor (n = 10/group). On GD18, Uterine Artery Resistance Index (UARI) was measured, and on GD19, mean arterial pressure (MAP), fetal and placental weights were measured, and blood and tissues were processed for analysis. TNF-α blockade normalized the elevated MAP observed RUPP. Additionally, both fetal and placental weights were decreased in RUPP compared to Sham, and were normalized in RUPP + ETA. Placental ROS was also increased in RUPP rats compared to Sham, and remained elevated in RUPP + ETA. Compared to Sham, UARI was elevated in RUPPs while plasma total nitrate was reduced, and these were normalized in ETA treated RUPPs. In conclusion, TNF-α blockade in RUPPs reduced MAP and UARI, improved fetal growth, and increased NO bioavailability. These data suggest that TNF-α regulation of NO bioavailability is a potential mechanism that contributes to PE pathophysiology and may represent a therapeutic target to improve maternal outcomes and fetal growth.
Does Place-Based Crime Reduction Work?: Evidence from the West Philadelphia Promise Zone

This paper studies the effect of the West Philadelphia Promise Zone Initiative on weekly violent crime rates in a high-crime area of West Philadelphia, where a series of public safety and quality of life improvement grants were dispersed from 2014 to 2019. Results using a difference-in-differences analysis with tract, year, and week fixed effects along with cluster-robust and bootstrapped standard errors provides causal evidence of a reduced rate of violent crime, primarily assaults and aggravated assaults. Dynamic difference-in-differences and propensity score matching are also employed, finding similar results and effect sizes. By the end of 2019, the Promise Zone ultimately descends to the average level of violent crime experienced across Philadelphia. A cost-benefit analysis indicates that the crime reducing effects of the Promise Zone may offset the cost of federal grant investment in public safety in the zone.
Photoinduced Gelatin-Methacrylate Scaffolds to Examine the Impact of Extracellular Environment on Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world, currently impacting 80 million people. Patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma experience aqueous humor accumulatio...
Predicting information seeking regarding hurricane evacuation in the destination

The study examined the roles of tourists' risk beliefs, connectedness, hurricane knowledge, and their past experiences with hurricane impacts in relation to their information seeking behavior regarding hurricane evacuation while in the destination. Surveys were collected from tourists who were visiting Florida in September 2011, during the Atlantic hurricane season. Findings from this study reveal and confirm the existence of the critical relationship among tourist information seeking, past experience with hurricanes, individual risk beliefs, and level of knowledge. It is recommended that destination managers make investments in hurricane communication messages, which target a wide array of tourists. The effectiveness of hurricane evacuation information is linked to the receptiveness of the content of the message by differing groups.