cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of carbon capture technologies in greenhouse gas emissions-reduction models: A parametric study for the U.S. power sector

Abstract This paper analyzes the potential contribution of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to greenhouse gas emissions reductions in the U.S. electricity sector. Focusing on capture systems for coal-fired power plants until 2030, a sensitivity analysis of key CCS parameters is performed to gain insight into the role that CCS can play in future mitigation scenarios and to explore implications of large-scale CCS deployment. By integrating important parameters for CCS technologies into a carbon-abatement model similar to the EPRI Prism analysis ( EPRI, 2007 ), this study concludes that the start time and rate of technology diffusion are important in determining emissions reductions and fuel consumption for CCS technologies. Comparisons with legislative emissions targets illustrate that CCS alone is very unlikely to meet reduction targets for the electric-power sector, even under aggressive deployment scenarios. A portfolio of supply and demand-side strategies is needed to reach emissions objectives, especially in the near term. Furthermore, model results show that the breakdown of capture technologies does not have a significant influence on potential emissions reductions. However, the level of CCS retrofits at existing plants and the eligibility of CCS for new subcritical plants have large effects on the extent of greenhouse gas emissions reductions.
Whole Exome Sequencing of 23 Multigeneration Idiopathic Scoliosis Families Reveals Enrichments in Cytoskeletal Variants, Suggests Highly Polygenic Disease.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a lateral spinal curvature >10° with rotation that affects 2–3% of healthy children across populations. AIS is known to have a significant genetic component, and despite a handful of risk loci identified in unrelated individuals by GWAS and next-generation sequencing methods, the underlying etiology of the condition remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed exome sequencing of affected individuals within 23 multigenerational families, with the hypothesis that the occurrence of rare, low frequency, disease-causing variants will co-occur in distantly related, affected individuals. Bioinformatic filtering of uncommon, potentially damaging variants shared by all sequenced family members revealed 1448 variants in 1160 genes across the 23 families, with 132 genes shared by two or more families. Ten genes were shared by >4 families, and no genes were shared by all. Gene enrichment analysis showed an enrichment of variants in cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix related processes. These data support a model that AIS is a highly polygenic disease, with few variant-containing genes shared between affected individuals across different family lineages. This work presents a novel resource for further exploration in familial AIS genetic research.
Comparing data-driven and hypothesis-driven MRI-based predictors of cognitive impairment in individuals from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

INTRODUCTION A data-driven index of dementia risk based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the Alzheimer's Disease Pattern Similarity (AD-PS) score, was estimated for participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. METHODS AD-PS scores were generated for 839 cognitively non-impaired individuals with a mean follow-up of 4.86 years. The scores and a hypothesis-driven volumetric measure based on several brain regions susceptible to AD were compared as predictors of incident cognitive impairment in different settings. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses suggest the data-driven AD-PS scores to be more predictive of incident cognitive impairment than its counterpart. Both biomarkers were more predictive of incident cognitive impairment in participants who were White, female, and apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) e4 carriers. Random forest analyses including predictors from different domains ranked the AD-PS scores as the most relevant MRI predictor of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the AD-PS scores were the stronger MRI-derived predictors of incident cognitive impairment in cognitively non-impaired individuals.
A Vertically Loaded Diamond Microdisk Resonator (VLDMoRt) towards a Scalable Quantum Network

We design and fabricate a vertically loaded diamond microdisk resonator (VLDMoRt) that enhances spin-photon entanglement generation and free-space fibermatched coupling rate from quantum emitters.
A phased array based on large-area electronics that operates at gigahertz frequency

Large-aperture electromagnetic phased arrays can provide directionally controlled radiation signals for use in applications such as communications, imaging and power delivery. However, their deployment is challenging due to the lack of an electronic technology capable of spanning large physical dimensions. Furthermore, applications in areas such as aviation, the Internet of Things and healthcare require conformal devices that can operate on shaped surfaces. Large-area electronics technology could be used to create low-cost, large-scale, flexible electromagnetic phased arrays, but it employs low-temperature processing that limits device- and system-level performance at high frequencies. Here we show that inductor–capacitor oscillators operating at gigahertz frequencies can be created from large-area electronics based on high-speed, self-aligned zinc-oxide thin-film transistors. The oscillator circuits incorporate frequency locking and phase tuning, which are required for electromagnetic phased arrays. We integrate our phase-tunable oscillators in a 0.3-m-wide aperture, creating a phased array system that operates at ~1 GHz and is capable of beamforming. Phased array systems capable of beamforming at microwave frequencies can be created from large-area electronics based on zinc oxide thin-film transistors.
Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration in the United States: A National Health Interview Survey Analysis from 2004 to 2018

Importance: Minoritized racial and ethnic groups are generally more likely to experience sleep deficiencies. It is unclear how these sleep duration disparities have changed over recent years. Objective: To determine 15–year trends in the racial and ethnic differences in self–reported sleep duration among adults in the US. Design: Serial cross–sectional study. Setting: National Health Interview Survey from years 2004–2018. Participants: 429,195 non–institutionalized adults. Exposures: Self–reported race, ethnicity, household income, and sex/gender. Main Outcomes: Temporal trends and racial/ethnic differences in short– and long–sleep duration (≤6 and ≥10 hours in a 24–hour period, respectively) and racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between sleep duration and age. Results: The study sample consisted of 429,195 individuals (mean age 46.5 [SE, 0.08] years; 51.7% female) of which 5.1% identified as Asian, 11.8% as Black, 14.7% as Latino/Hispanic, and 68.5% as White. In 2004, the adjusted estimated prevalence of short–sleep duration and long–sleep duration, respectively, were 31.3% and 2.5% among Asian individuals, 35.3% and 6.4% among Black individuals, 27.0% and 4.6% among Latino/Hispanic individuals, and 27.8% and 3.5% among White individuals. Over the study period, there was a significant increase in the short sleep prevalence among Black, Latino/Hispanic, and White individuals (P≤0.02 for each), whereas prevalence of long sleep changed significantly only among Latino/Hispanic individuals (–1.4 points, P=0.01). In 2018, compared with White individuals, short sleep prevalence among Black and Latino/Hispanic individuals was higher by 10.7 points and 2.6 points, respectively (P≤0.02 each), and long sleep prevalence among Black people was significantly higher by 1.4 points (P=0.01). These racial/ethnic disparities were the greatest among women and among those with middle/high household income. Over the study period, Black individuals younger than 60 years old had the highest prevalence of short sleep compared with those of the same age; and Black individuals had a higher long–sleep duration prevalence than White individuals across all age groups. Conclusions: From 2004 to 2018, the prevalence of unrecommended sleep duration was persistently higher among Black individuals. The Black–White disparities were highest among women, individuals who had middle or high income, and among young or middle–aged adults.
Radiation response of mammalian cells grown in culture: III. Modification of X-ray survival of Chinese hamster cells by 5-bromodeoxyuridine

Abstract Chinese hamster cells (strain V79-1) cultured in vitro show an increased response to the lethal effects of X-rays when they are grown prior to irradiation in 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR). These cells appear to be more sensitive than the human cell line, D98/AG, studied by Erickson and Szybalski to the radiation modifying as well as the cytotoxic effects of BUDR. BUDR produces a striking change in the extrapolation number of X-ray survival curves of V79-1 as well as the change in slope reported in D98/AG. Both of these changes appear to be the result of alterations in cellular radiation response and not the result of population heterogeneity. When cells having an increased X-ray response induced by BUDR are removed from contact with BUDR, they reassume X-ray survival parameters similar to normal cells within one or two generations.
Die philosophische Bedeutung der Relativitätstheorie

Die philosophische Bedeutung der Relativitatstheorie ist zum Gegenstand widersprechender Meinungen geworden. Wahrend viele Autoren den philosophischen Gehalt der Theorie betont und sogar versucht haben, sie als eine Art philosophisches System zu interpretieren, haben andere das Vorhandensein einer philosophischen Problematik geleugnet und die Ansicht vertreten, das Einsteins Theorie eine rein physikalische, nur fur den mathematischen Physiker interessante Angelegenheit ist. Diese Kritiker glauben, das philosophische Ansichten mit anderen Mitteln gebildet werden als durch die Methoden der Wissenschaftler, und das sie von den Ergebnissen der Physik unabhangig sind.
HIV: See a pocket, block it

The focus of drugs for treating HIV-1 infection has switched from protease and reverse-transcriptase inhibitors to compounds that prevent fusion of the virus with human cells. The target protein in this pathway is known as gp41, and, last year, a pocket was identified in gp41 that could act as the binding site for a fusion inhibitor. Peptide inhibitors that specifically bind this pocket have now been identified.
Mapping of intracellular localization domains and evidence for colocalization interactions between the IE110 and IE175 nuclear transactivator proteins of herpes simplex virus.

Abstract Transcriptional regulation by the IE175 (ICP4) and IE110 (ICP0) phosphorylated nuclear proteins encoded by herpes simplex virus (HSV) appears to be a key determinant for the establishment of successful lytic cycle infection. By indirect immunofluorescence in transient DNA transfection assays, we have examined the intracellular distribution of deletion and truncation mutants of both IE175 and IE110 from HSV-1. Insertion of short oligonucleotides encoding the basic amino acid motifs 726-GRKRKSP-732 from IE175 and 500-VRPRKRR-506 from IE110 into deleted cytoplasmic forms of the two proteins restored the karyophilic phenotype and confirmed that these motifs are both necessary and sufficient for proper nuclear localization. Analysis of IE110 deletion mutants and a panel of IE110/IE175 hybrid proteins was also used to evaluate the characteristic IE110 distribution within nuclear punctate granules as seen by immunofluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy. The phase-dense punctate pattern persisted with both large C-terminal truncations and deletions of the Cys-rich zinc finger region and even with a form of IE110 that localized in the cytoplasm, implying that the punctate characteristic is an intrinsic property of the N-terminal segment of the IE110 protein. Transfer of the full IE110-like punctate phenotype to the normally uniform diffuse nuclear pattern of the IE175 protein by exchange of the N-terminal domains of the two proteins demonstrated that the first 105 to 244 amino acids of IE110 represent the most important region for conferring punctate characteristics. Surprisingly, cotransfection of a wild-type nuclear IE175 gene together with the IE110 gene revealed that much of the IE175 protein produced was redistributed into a punctate pattern that colocalized with the IE110-associated punctate granules seen in the same cells. This colocalization did not occur after cotransfection of IE110 with the IE72 (IE1) nuclear protein of human cytomegalovirus and therefore cannot represent simple nonspecific trapping. Evidently, the punctate phenotype of IE110 represents a dominant characteristic that reveals the potential of IE110 and IE175 to physically interact with each other either directly or indirectly within the intracellular environment.
Electronic structure of (Na½Bi½)TiO3 and its solid solution with BaTiO3

Abstract The electronic structure and bonding in the (Na15/32Bi½)TiO3 (NBT) crystal and its solid solution with BaTiO3 (BT) are studied by first-principles local density calculations. For the solid solution. an ordered superstructure (Na15/32Bi15/32Ba1/16)TiO3 with 320 atoms in a large celi is proposed. The results show that both NBT and NBT-BT are semiconductors with a band gap of about 1 eV. NBT is shown to be a harder crystal than PbTiO3 and PbZrO3 by having a larger calculated bulk modulus. This can be attributed partly to the increased covalent character of bonding in NBT and NBT-BT crystals. The calculated O K edges for a number of related crystals are presented and compared. It is suggested that electron energy loss near-edge structure measurements can be an effective tool to characterize the samples for different piezoelectric materials.
The Fatty Acid Profile of Buccal Cheek Cell Phospholipids Is a Noninvasive Marker of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status in Piglets

The fatty acid pattern of cheek cell phospholipids has been proposed as a noninvasive marker of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status. However, the cheek cell phospholipid fatty acid pattern has been compared only with that of plasma and erythrocytes. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which the fatty acid profile of cheek cell phospholipids reflects that of tissue phospholipids. Piglets (n 31; 6 d old) were fed five formula diets differing in total fat and fatty acid composition. After 14 d of consuming the assigned diets, cheek cell plasma, erythrocyte, liver, muscle, adipose tissue, retina and brain samples were collected for determination of the phospholipid fatty acid patterns. There were significant correlations between the cheek cell phospholipid content of most PUFA and the content of these fatty acids in tissue phospholipids (r 0.509 - 0.951, P 0.01). The cheek cell phospholipid content of most of the PUFA, except 20:4(n-6), reflected that of other tissue phospholipids as well as, or nearly as well as the contents of plasma and/or erythrocyte phospholipids. The correlations between the 22:6(n-3) contents of cheek cell, plasma, or erythrocyte phospholipids and those of brain and retina phospholipids were relatively poor (r 0.596 - 0.737, P 0.001). We conclude that the fatty acid pattern of cheek cell phospholipid can be used as a noninvasive marker of PUFA status, but it is not a better index than the pattern of plasma or erythrocyte phospholipids, particularly for assessing the fatty acid pattern of organs with slow fatty acid incorporation and/or turnover rates. J. Nutr. 132: 2319 -2323, 2002.
Control of interferences in the analysis of human adipose tissue to 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p dioxin (TCDD)

While developing a method to analyze human adipose tissue for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at the 1 ppt level, we observed several peaks with all of the analytical characteristics of TCDDs in the analyses of wipe tests and blank, quality control, and human adipose samples at concentrations equal to the low part-per-trillion level in a 10 g sample. The source of these contaminants was established to be a cleaning solution used to wash the floors in the laboratory performing the analysis.
Developing a Multisemester Interwoven Dynamic Systems Project to Foster Learning and Retention of STEM Material

Students generally do not understand how basic STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) material fits into all of their engineering courses. Basic material is presented in introductory courses but the relationship of the material to subsequent courses is unclear to the student since the practical relevance of the material is not necessarily presented. Students generally hit the “reset button” after each course not realizing the importance of basic STEM material. The capstone experience is supposed to “tie all the pieces together” but this occurs too late in the student’s educational career. A new multisemester interwoven dynamic systems project has been initiated to better integrate the material from differential equations, mathematical methods, laboratory measurements and dynamic systems across several semesters/courses so that the students can better understand the relationship of basic STEM material to an ongoing problem. This paper highlights the overall concept to be addressed by the new approach. The description of the project and modules under development are discussed.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Inhibition of coenzyme Q10-enzymes, succinoxidase and NADH-oxidase, by adriamycin and other quinones having antitumor activity

Summary Adriamycin, carminomycin, and daunorubicin inhibit the coenzyme Q 10 -enzymes, succinoxidase and NADH-oxidase. Adriamycin 14-octanoate, which is more lipoidal than adriamycin, was the most effective inhibitor of the anthracyclines for both enzymes, and was 1/12 as effective as the standard inhibitor, 6-ω-cyclohexylpentyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, of coenzyme Q 10 for NADH-oxidase. Lapachol and dichloroallyl lawsone inhibited succinoxidase, and the latter of all quinones was second only to the standard for inhibition. These data indicate that the antitumor activities of adriamycin could possibly be partly due to inhibition of CoQ 10 -enzymes in electron transfer processes of cell respiration in addition to intercalation within DNA helices.
Psychological factors influencing recovery from outpatient surgery.

Abstract This study examined psychological factors which contribute to recovery from outpatient ambulatory surgery. The S s were 50 women who were scheduled to have elective laparoscopic surgery. The pre-operative factors included ratings of mood, fear of surgery, outcome expectancies, state-trait anxiety and emotional distress. Outcome measures included physical reactions of pain and discomfort and psychological reactions of anxiety, depression and irritability. Physician ratings of patient anxiety and recovery were also examined. The results showed that 97% of the patients preferred to return home following their surgery. Pre-operative factors of mood, fear of surgery, outcome expectancy and emotional distress significantly predicted psychological and physical recovery from surgery. In addition, physician ratings of anticipated patient recovery were in consistent agreement with the patients' ratings of recovery. No differences were found between those patients who remained in the hospital following surgery and those who returned home on the pre-operative variables. This study suggests that patients who are anxious and fearful of surgery and who anticipate post-operative recovery problems are more prone toward complications from ambulatory surgery. Psychological interventions designed to reduce anxiety and improve expectations may benefit recovery.
Women's health and managed care: Promises and challenges

T his is an appropriate time to examine women’s health and managed care. With the rapid growth of managed care in today’s health care delivery system, managed care organizations are playing an increasingly important role in the health of women. As managed care quickly becomes the dominant source of health care delivery for women in both the public and private sectors, understanding its impact on the health of women is crucial. It is increasingly difficult to define what the term managed care means. According to the Congressional Budget Office, managed care encompasses a broad range of health care organizational arrangements that are intended to eliminate unnecessary and inappropriate care and to reduce costs.’ The spectrum of managed care includes tightly structured group and staff model health maintenance organizations (HMOs), more loosely structured network and preferred provider organization (PPO) models, and various hybrid products such as point of service (POS) arrangements. Although comparisons of the different models are limited, it is likely that each model will vary with respect to patient care, satisfaction, and costs. Managed care plans now finance care for more than half of privately insured individuals, 9% of Medicare beneficiaries, and 23% of Medicaid beneficiaries.2A The most rapid enrollment growth, particularly among the privately insured population, is occurring among the less-structured managed care arrangements. The number of enrollees in network and independent practice association (IPA) arrangements increased from 19 million in 1988 to 35 million in 1994, whereas group/staff HMO enrollment grew from 14 million to 16 million over the same period.’ The managed care industry also is characterized increasingly by for-profit health plans. More than half of managed care enrollees (58%) were in for-profit plans in 1994, compared with one-quarter in 1985.6 Given this changing managed care environment, there are many unknowns with respect to changes in access to and quality of patient care as well as health care costs.7 Studies are just beginning to provide information on how these different plans perform. This paper examines the impact that managed care is having on privately o 1996 by x-he Jacobs Institute insured women and on low-income women with Medicaid coverage. To unof Women’s Health derstand managed care’s effect on women with private insurance, an analysis Published by Elsevier Science Inc
The Quantification of Uncertainty in SHM Features Derived From Transmissibility Estimation

This paper develops uncertainty models for various an estimator used in computing the frequency-domain transmissibility function for single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) linear systems. The uncertainty is assumed to come from both internal (estimator) and external (environmental, noise, etc.) sources, and it is propagated through the estimation process to arrive at closed-form probability density functions for the estimation magnitude. The models is validated on a bolted plate in the laboratory, and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) are computed to evaluate performance in terms of meaningful metrics such as probability of detecting a structural change within the context of structural health monitoring.© 2012 ASME
Sex differences in response to sexual versus emotional infidelity: The moderating role of individual differences

Numerous studies indicate that men (compared to women) tend to display relatively greater distress in response to sexual infidelity, whereas women (compared to men) tend to display relatively greater distress in response to emotional infidelity. The current research builds upon this literature by examining the role individual differences in chronic jealousy play in moderating these sex differences. Findings demonstrate that sex differences in responses to sexual versus emotional infidelity are substantially greater among individuals high in chronic jealousy – individuals who frequently tend to worry about potential relationship threats – than among individuals low in chronic jealousy. This research highlights the importance of integrating a focus on individual differences with evolutionary theories of social cognition.
Aztec Vestal Virgins and the Brides of Christ: The Mixed Heritage of New Spain's Monjas Coronadas

On several occasions in his career the Mexican-Creole scholar and priest don Carlos de Siguenza y Gongora (1645–1700) wrote admiringly about elements of the Aztec past in order to help define the c...
Clinical Trials of Neuroprotective Therapies

There have been numerous failures in the field of acute stroke therapy over many years, but the first large clinical trial showing preliminary indications of efficacy and safety of a neuroprotective drug, NXY-059, has now been fully reported. If confirmed, it will mean that a second therapy for acute stroke has been identified and neuroprotective drug development as a class can proceed. Additionally, a new class of drugs, HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins), specifically high-dose atorvastatin, has been shown to be safe and effective for secondary stroke prevention. This drug should now become a regular part of stroke patient care.
Elimination of precipitate free zones in an Fe-Nb creep-resistant alloy

Precipitation of the Fe2Nb intermetallic compound has previously been found to cause substantial hardening during aging of Fe rich Fe-Nb alloys. However, the formation of a wide precipitate free zone adjacent to the grain boundaries caused a degradation of creep resistance. In an effort to decrease the precipitate free zone width, thereby improving the creep resistance, an extensive study was made of the precipitation behavior of an Fe-1.7 at. pct Nb(Cb) alloy quenched from the δ-phase field. The quenched alloy was found to decompose via a two step reaction during aging at temperatures below 550°C. The first step in the decomposition reaction is thought to occur by clustering of Nb atoms in the ferrite matrix, similar to the clustering of Mo atoms which is known to occur during aging of Fe-Mo alloys. The second step in the reaction is not well understood. The precipitate free zones were formed by solute depletion in the vicinity of the grain boundary and the subsequent difficulty of nucleation of the Fe2Nb precipitates in the regions of lowered solute concentration. Using two step aging treatments, an initial low temperature step to develop the Nb atom clusters followed by a higher temperature step to cause Fe2Nb precipitation, the precipitate free zones were eliminated from the aged alloys. The origin of this effect is thought to be the heterogeneous nucleation of Fe2Nb precipitates on the clusters developed during the initial aging step.
Laser Probing of Chemical Reaction Dynamics

Lasers are used in increasingly sophisticated ways to carry out reactions between molecules in selected vibrational, rotational, and electronic states and to probe the product states of chemical reactions. Such investigations are providing unprecedented insights into chemical reaction dynamics, the study of the detailed motions that molecules undergo in simple chemical reactions. In many cases it is possible to describe the influence that specific types of molecular excitation have on reactive events. Experiments are also being carried out to leam about chemical reactivity as a function of the alignment of reagents. There is increasing excitement concerning the potential of laser methods to interrogate the transition states of molecular reactions.
Self association of γ-butyrolactam in CCl4

Abstract The self association of γ-butyrolactam (2-pyrrolidinone) in CCl4 has been studied using near infra-red spectra. Dimerization constants are reported for solutions ranging in concentration from 10−4 to 4 × 10−3 molal over the temperature range 10° to 40°C. Data indicate that the cyclic dimer is the primary associated species of the lactam in these solutions.
Flow visualization of an oscillating airfoil with sawtooth trailing edge

The goal of this experiment is to obtain near-wake flow visualization information for oscillating airfoils with modified trailing-edge shapes.
SAGA function in tissue-specific gene expression

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcription coactivator plays multiple roles in regulating transcription because of the presence of functionally independent modules of subunits within the complex. We have recently identified a role for the ubiquitin protease activity of SAGA in regulating tissue-specific gene expression in Drosophila. Here, we discuss the modular nature of SAGA and the different mechanisms through which SAGA is recruited to target promoters. We propose that the genes sensitive to loss of the ubiquitin protease activity of SAGA share functional characteristics that require deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated histone H2B (ubH2B) for full activation. We hypothesize that deubiquitination of ubH2B by SAGA destabilizes promoter nucleosomes, thus enhancing recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to weak promoters. In addition, SAGA-mediated deubiquitination of ubH2B may facilitate binding of factors that are important for the transition of paused Pol II into transcription elongation.
Measurement of magnetically induced electric fields in conductive media near a 60 Hz current-carrying wire.

Electric fields induced in a conductive body by the magnetic field of a current-carrying wire were analyzed theoretically and experimentally to assess the dosimetric importance of highly nonuniform, field-exposure conditions. Experimentation revealed that a 60-Hz magnetic field was inversely proportional to the radius of a wire bundle carrying 100 A within a 0.5-m2 test area. A miniaturized electric field probe was used to measure the electric fields induced in 5-cm-deep, saline-filled models. In the theoretical analysis, numerical estimates of induced fields were made by a spreadsheet method. The theoretical calculations and the measured values of induced electric fields were generally in good agreement. The induced fields were in a plane perpendicular to a vertically incident magnetic field; the maximally induced fields were in areas nearest the wire bundle. The strength of the induced field increased with model size: from 96 μV/cm in a 10 × 10 cm model to 176 μV/cm in a 40 × 40 cm model. The strength of the field induced in a 20 × 20 cm model decreased with increasing model-to-wire spacing: from 132 μV/cm for a 1-cm spacing (2-mT maximum, incident field) to 50 μV/cm for a 6-cm spacing (0.33-mT maximum). The results indicate that increases in local values of nonuniformly incident fields produce relatively small increases in induced electric fields. This finding may be important in dosimetric consideration of circumstances, such as use of electric blankets, in which fields of low average strength are accompanied by intense local fields. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Site of Operating Microscope Light-Induced Injury on the Human Retina

We determined the site of the focal illumination from the Zeiss OPMI-6 operating microscope on the retina of the phakic and aphakic human cadaver eye by directly observing the illuminating element image on the posterior scleral surface of the globe. With the eye straight ahead and the operating microscope level, the focal oval area of retinal illumination was located superior to the foveola in both the phakic and aphakic eye. Tilting the operating microscope 10 degrees toward the surgeon displaced the entire illuminating element image 0.50 mm below the foveola in the phakic eye and 0.25 mm below the foveola in the aphakic eye. Rotating the eye inferiorly 10 degrees displaced the entire illuminating element image 1.0 mm below the foveola in the phakic eye and 1.25 mm below the foveola in the aphakic eye. Centering the field of view superiorly (viewing the superior limbus) paradoxically displaced the illuminating element image inferiorly, resulting in central foveal illumination. Foveal light exposure was avoided in most eye positions by tilting the microscope at least 10 degrees toward the surgeon.
Elucidation of the DNA sequence of Streptococcus uberis adhesion molecule gene (sua) and detection of sua in strains of Streptococcus uberis isolated from geographically diverse locations

Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental pathogen that causes subclinical and clinical mastitis in lactating and nonlactating cows throughout the world. S. uberis adhesion molecule (SUAM) was identified recently by our laboratory and we hypothesize that SUAM is a potential virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of S. uberis mastitis. The first objective of the present study was to clone and sequence the SUAM gene (sua) from S. uberis UT888. The second objective was to determine the prevalence of sua in strains of S. uberis isolated from geographically diverse locations. The 20 amino acid N-terminal sequence of purified SUAM was utilized to identify a single open reading frame (ORF) in the S. uberis O140J (ATCC BAA-854) genome database. Three sets of primers were identified from this sequence for amplification of sub-fragments and the complete gene encoding SUAM. Restriction fragment analysis of the largest polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product confirmed the desired fragment had been amplified. This 2970bp PCR fragment was cloned into plasmid pCR-XL-TOPO and sequenced. The S. uberis UT888 sua sequence (NCBI Accession no. DQ232760) was 99% similar to the S. uberis O140J database sequence. The three pairs of PCR primers were used in a subsequent experiment to identify sua in 12 strains of S. uberis isolated in milk from dairy cows with mastitis in Tennessee (n=6), Colorado (n=1), Washington (n=1), New Zealand (n=1) and from the American Type Culture Collection (n=3). Primer pairs yielded the expected 2970, 2639 and 2362bp PCR fragments in all strains evaluated. In conclusion, we cloned and sequenced sua, which codes for the first described S. uberis adhesin, SUAM. sua was detected in all strains of S. uberis evaluated suggesting that it is conserved.
Distributed-Parameter Modeling for Geometry Control of Manufacturing Processes With Material Deposition

Recent solid freeform fabrication methods generate 3D solid objects by material deposition in successive layers made of adjacent beads. Besides numerical simulation, this article introduces an analytical model of such material addition, using superposition of unit deposition distributions, composed of elementary spherical primitives consistent with the mass transfer physics. This real-time surface geometry model, with its parameters identified by in-process profile measurements, is used for Smith-prediction of the material shape in the unobservable deposition region. The model offers the basis for a distributed-parameter geometry control scheme to obtain a desired surface topology, by modulating the feed and motion of a moving mass source. The model was experimentally tested on a fused wire deposition welding station, using optical sensing by a scanning laser stripe. Its applications to other rapid prototyping methods are discussed.
Electron-impact excitation of the T and V states of ethylene: An ab initio study

We report total and differential cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the T (a\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{} $^{3}$${\mathit{B}}_{1\mathit{u}}$) and ${(}^{1}$${\mathrm{B}}_{1\mathrm{u}}$) states of ethylene from threshold to 20 eV. The calculations were carried out using the complex Kohn variational method. For collision energies above the threshold for excitation of the V state, we carried out three-state close-coupling calculations using accurate multiconfiguration target states. An averaged natural orbital technique was used to obtain a compact representation of the V-state wave function that properly reflects the mixed valence-Rydberg character of this state. The total and small-angle differential cross sections for exciting the optically allowed V state are sensitive to the inclusion of high partial-wave contributions, which were computed using a simple perturbative scheme. In the energy range between the T and V states, where only two electronic states are open, we carried out dressed two-state calculations using optical potential techniques to incorporate the effect of closed channels. We found significant d-wave resonance behavior in the T-state excitation cross section near 5 eV. At higher energies, the T-state differential cross sections are backward peaked, while the V state cross sections show strong forward peaking that is typical of an optically allowed transition.
Treatment-Related Optimism Protects Quality of Life in a Phase II Clinical Trial for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background Patients on clinical trials often experience declining quality of life (QOL). Little is known about the psychosocial variables that buffer against decline.
Projectile Charge-State Dependence of Ne K -Shell Ionization and Fluorescence Yield in 50-MeV Cl n + + Ne Collisions

$\mathrm{Ne} K$ x-ray and Auger-electron production cross sections have been measured in 50-MeV Cl + Ne collisions for incident charge states of 5+ to 15+. The ionization cross section and mean fluorescence yield were derived from the data. A factor 20 rise in the x-ray cross section over the charge-state range studied is primarily due to a factor 7.2 increase in the mean fluorescence yield. The factor 2.8 rise in the ionization cross section can be explained by a decreased screening of the projectile nuclear charge.
Optimal Cardiovascular Therapy for Patients with ESRD over the Next Several Years

This review points out the high morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with ESRD. Although there have been few randomized controlled trials that have examined this clinical problem in the population of patients with ESRD, there is a growing appreciation of the presentations and consequences of cardiovascular disease in this cohort. The etiology of this disease is multifactorial and the consequences include sudden death, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The sudden death associated with ESRD has been linked to a progressive cardiac fibrosis that also accompanies left ventricular hypertrophy. Ischemic coronary disease is also common in this population. With regard to new therapy, efforts to control extracellular fluid volume and thereby control blood pressure are important. Two randomized trials have not shown the benefit of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in patients with ESRD, but such a strategy is thought to be beneficial in patients with chronic kidney disease. Efforts to optimally control calcium and phosphate concentrations are also beneficial, because vessel calcification remains a major problem for ESRD patients. The increase in vessel calcification leads to an increase in arterial stiffness and an increase in pulse wave velocity, which, in turn, increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Additional recommendations are provided in this review including the use of erythrocyte stimulating agents, the cautious use of beta blockers with patients with a low ejection fraction systolic failure, and drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-alderosterone system.
Protease-activated receptor-2 inhibits BK channel activity in bronchopulmonary sensory neurons

Activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) contributes to airway inflammation and airway hypersensitivity, the hallmark features of allergic asthma; and a neurogenic mechanism involving hypersensitivity of bronchopulmonary sensory nerves has been indicated. Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels are known to play an important role in shaping neuronal excitability. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential regulation of BK channel activities by PAR2 activation in vagal bronchopulmonary sensory neurons. Our results showed that pretreatment with PAR2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP; 100μM, 120s), but not its control peptide PAR2-RP, significantly reduced BK current density in these neurons. Inhibition of phospholipase C, PKC, PKA or MEK/ERK signaling pathway did not prevent the suppression of BK current by PAR2 activation; whereas intracellular application of Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM completely abolished the PAR2 regulation of BK current. In addition, our results demonstrated that activation of PAR2 increased excitability of bronchopulmonary sensory neurons, in a similar manner as displayed by a direct BK channel blockade. In summary, our data suggest that suppression of BK channel activity contributes to PAR2 activation-induced hyperexcitability of vagal bronchopulmonary sensory neurons.
Influence of olfactory epithelium on mitral/tufted cell dendritic outgrowth

Stereotypical connections between olfactory sensory neuron axons and mitral cell dendrites in the olfactory bulb establish the first synaptic relay for olfactory perception. While mechanisms of olfactory sensory axon targeting are reported, molecular regulation of mitral cell dendritic growth and refinement are unclear. During embryonic development, mitral cell dendritic distribution overlaps with olfactory sensory axon terminals in the olfactory bulb. In this study, we investigate whether olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium influence mitral cell dendritic outgrowth in vitro. We report a soluble trophic activity in the olfactory epithelium conditioned medium which promotes mitral/tufted cell neurite outgrowth. While the trophic activity is present in both embryonic and postnatal olfactory epithelia, only embryonic but not postnatal mitral/tufted cells respond to this activity. We show that BMP2, 5 and 7 promote mitral/tufted cells neurite outgrowth. However, the BMP antagonist, Noggin, fails to neutralize the olfactory epithelium derived neurite growth promoting activity. We provide evidence that olfactory epithelium derived activity is a protein factor with molecular weight between 50–100 kD. We also observed that Follistatin can effectively neutralize the olfactory epithelium derived activity, suggesting that TGF-beta family proteins are involved to promote mitral/tufted dendritic elaboration.
Glycine potentiates diazepam anticonvulsant activity in electroshock seizures of rats: Possible sites of interaction in the brainstem

Abstract The effect of orally or intracerebrally injected glycine on the anticonvulsant actions of intraperitoneal diazepam was examined using a tonic-clonic electroshock seizure model in the rat. Orally administered glycine (1.125 g/kg) potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam (DZP) to convert tonic-clonic electroshock seizures to less severe subthreshold clonic seizures. Oral glycine by itself had no effect on the tonic-clonic seizure response. Bilateral substantia nigra (SN) microinjections of glycine (125 μg/site) failed to potentiate intraperitoneal DZP when compared with the most appropriate control, animals treated with DZP and intranigral saline. It was not possible to determine whether bilateral glycine microinjections into the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) potentiated anticonvulsant effects of DZP since glycine alone converted all tonic-clonic seizures to the clonic response. Finally, bilateral glycine microinjection alone into the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (PNO) produced an anticonvulsant effect when compared to untreated control responses but did not potentiate the anticonvulsant actions of DZP. Although these results may indicate that the glycinergic potentiation of DZP involves a direct pharmacodynamic interaction between these two compounds at specific brain sites, these sites have not yet been demonstrated conclusively.
Sex Differences in Performance on the Stroop Color and Word Test

Despite the wide use of the Stroop in psychological research there has been relatively little work on the effect on the test of demographic variables. No research to date has examined the effect of sex on pure scores of interference. The present study examined this question as well as general effects of 219 Ss' sex on Stroop performance. The results indicated better performance by females on the two color cards, but no difference on pure measures of performance. The implications were discussed.
Predicting the Italian Suicide Rate for 1864–1962

For the period 1864-1962, Italian suicide rates were negatively associated with birth and death rates.
Association energetics of membrane spanning α-helices

Since Popot and Engelman proposed the 'two-stage' thermodynamic framework for dissecting the energetics of helical membrane protein folding, scientists have endeavored to measure the free energies of helix-helix associations to better understand how interactions between helices stabilize and specify native membrane protein folds. Chief among the biophysical tools used to probe these energies are sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and thiol disulfide interchange experiments. Direct and indirect comparisons of thermodynamic results suggest that differences in helix-helix stabilities between micelles and bilayers may not be as large as previously anticipated. Genetic approaches continue to become more quantitative, and the propensities for helices to interact in bacterial membranes generally correlate well with in vitro measurements.
R u ok?: increasing perceptions of safety and community through social networks

Current university emergency alert systems use email, text messages, and automated phone calls to contact people about incidents that occur. One major goal of these systems is to reassure university community members that administrators are aware of emergencies and are in control. These generic alerts, however, can cause panic because it increases concern for the safety of family and friends. Furthermore, people receive alerts that are irrelevant based on their current location. This poster describes an emergency alert system that provides personalized information to users. R U OK?, a SMS-based service, distributes emergency alert information along with status updates of those in one's close social network. By providing personalized information, the system aims to increase feelings of safety and sense of community.
ANOMALOUS SCALING AND STRUCTURE INSTABILITY IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL PASSIVE SCALAR TURBULENCE

The anomalous scaling phenomena of three-dimensional passive scalar turbulence are studied using high resolution direct numerical simulation. The inertial range scaling exponents of the passive scalar increment and the scalar dissipation are obtained. The connection between the intermittency structure and the scaling exponent is examined and the structure instability of the high amplitude scalar dissipation is used to clarify previous experimental results for the scaling exponents.
259 Radiotherapy for grade II gliomas

From 1980–1991, 164 patients with a WHO-grade II astrocytoma received radiotherapy following surgery at UCSF. All patients had CT or MRI for diagnosis and/or treatment planning. Radiation doses were above 50 Gy in most patients, usually 54 Gy or 59.4 Gy. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 79% and 67%, respectively; the median survival was 12.9 years. In the multivariate analysis, KPS, histology and duration of symptoms were significant. Age, location, surgical extent, or radiation dose were not significant. The 5-year survival rates for patients with KPS ≤ 70 and KPS > 70 were 60% and 87%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates for the different histologies were 95% for (mixed) oligodendroglial, 78% for ordinary, and 57% for gemistocytic astrocytomas. The 5-year survival rates for patients with a duration of symptoms ≤ 2 months versus > 2 months were 65% and 83%. Progression free survival rates at 2-, 5- and 10-years were 77%, 68% and 50% respectively. In predicting progression free survival, only KPS was significant. Histology was important in predicting the survival following progression, with a 5-year survival of 83% in recurrent (mixed) oligodendroglial versus 33% in recurrent ordinary astrocytoma.