cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power generation characteristic study of integrated DFIG and its frequency converter

The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is a 'special' variable speed induction machine widely used in modern large wind turbines. It is a standard, wound rotor induction machine with its stator windings directly connected to the grid and its rotor windings connected to the grid through a back-to- back PWM converter. The DFIG power generation consists of power delivered from two paths, one from the stator to the grid and the other from the rotor, through its frequency converter, to the grid. The DFIG power production characteristics, therefore, depend not only on the induction machine but also on the two back-to-back AC/DC converters as well as how they are controlled. This paper studies power generation characteristics of a DFIG system through computer simulation. Steady-state models in dq reference frame are developed for both the DFIG and its frequency converter. A simulation system is built by integrating the models of the two parts together with effective consideration of d-q control strategies applied to both rotor- and grid-side converters. An extensive analysis is conducted to examine power generation characteristics of the integrated DFIG and its frequency converter under different d-q control conditions.
The Impact of Frequency Comb Stability on Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation

Optical arbitrary waveform generation using the line-by-line pulse shaping technique provides a tool for examining optical frequency stability via time-domain waveform interference. Physical pictures and theoretical modeling results using time and frequency-domain approaches are provided.
A Genetic Screen Identifies TCF3/E2A and TRIAP1 as Pathway-Specific Regulators of the Cellular Response to p53 Activation

The p53 transcription factor participates in diverse cellular responses to stress, including cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. The molecular mechanisms defining the ultimate outcome of p53 activation remain poorly characterized. We performed a genome-wide genetic screen in human cells to identify pathway-specific coregulators of the p53 target gene CDKN1A (p21), an inhibitor of cell-cycle progression, versus BBC3 (PUMA), a key mediator of apoptosis. Our screen identified numerous factors whose depletion creates an imbalance in the p21:PUMA ratio upon p53 activation. The transcription factor TCF3, also known as E2A, drives p21 expression while repressing PUMA across cancer cell types of multiple origins. Accordingly, TCF3/E2A depletion impairs the cell-cycle-arrest response and promotes apoptosis upon p53 activation by chemotherapeutic agents. In contrast, TRIAP1 is a specific repressor of p21 whose depletion slows down cell-cycle progression. Our results reveal strategies for driving cells toward specific p53-dependent responses.
What best explains vigilance in elk: characteristics of prey, predators, or the environment?

We quantified the vigilance levels of elk (Cervus elaphus) preyed on by wolves (Canis lupus) in Yellowstone National Park, between January and May in 2005 and 2006, and used Akaike’s information criterion to compare a set of 38 regression models for vigilance levels. These models combined up to 9 predictor variables of 3 types: characteristics of the prey group (herd size and composition), characteristics of the predator (wolf pack size, distance away, and the presence/absence of a kill), and characteristics of the local environment (distance to woodland edges, snow depth, and snow cover). The set of models spanned a range of complexity from simple univariate models to complex combinations with up to 3 variables of each type. Complex models incorporating the characteristics of the wolf pack, the structure of the elk herd, and the environmental conditions had higher information content than simple models. Although univariate models of vigilance detect significant relationships, they have low information content relative to multivariate models. These results show that elk assesses factors of several types when assessing risk and deciding how much time to allocate to vigilance. In particular, we found that all well-supported models of vigilance included several ‘‘prey’’ variables and several ‘‘predator’’ variables. This result highlights the need to consider information about predators when trying to explain variation in vigilance levels in prey. Key words: antipredator behavior, Canis lupus, Cervus elaphus, elk, predation risk, vigilance, wolf. [Behav Ecol]
A simulation model of the FAA'S flight service automation system

The Flight Service Stations of the Federal Aviation Administration are in process of being automated. To study performance, a simulation model has been built. To date, the model has been tentatively calibrated against the first version of the real system, and used to predict performance in a number of situations. The paper outlines the system being modeled, describes the model itself, and discusses some of the issues encountered during modeling. It then describes the calibration of the model, and the experience gained so far in its use. Future plans are outlined.
Gold nanoparticle photosensitized radical photopolymerization.

We report the photopolymerization of an acrylic monomer using thiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and [4-[(octyloxy)phenyl] phenyl] iodonium hexafluoroantimonate (OPPI) as photoinitiator and coinitiator, respectively. Polymerization occurred only when the AuNPs, in the presence of the iodonium salt, were irradiated at the particle plasmonic absorption region (λ > 450 nm). The AuNPs activate the coinitiator by intermolecular electron transfer since OPPI has no absorption in the visible region. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor polymerization. UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements were used to characterize the NPs.
The impact of water and nutrient deficiencies on the growth, gas exchange and water relations of red oak and chestnut oak

Red oak (Quercus rubra), a mesic species, and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), a xeric species, were grown in a greenhouse with and without fertilizer (F+ and F-, respectively) and subjected to a 10-week drydown (W-) or kept well watered (W+). In both species, fertilized seedlings exhibited greater reductions in mean net photosynthesis (A), leaf conductance (g(wv)), leaf water potential (Psi(leaf)) and water use efficiency (WUE) during the drydown than unfertilized seedlings. In the W- treatments, red oak showed greater reductions in A, g(wv) and Psi(leaf) than chestnut oak. Differential fertilization of the seedlings of both species had a greater effect on tissue water relations than differential watering. During the latter weeks of the drydown, there was no osmotic adjustment in red oak, but chestnut oak in the F+/W- treatment had significantly lower osmotic potentials at full and zero turgor than seedlings in any of the other treatments. The results indicate that high nutrient availability does not improve the drought tolerance of these two oak species.
Yahweh and the God of the Patriarchs

The modern discussion of Patriarchal religion may be said to begin with the brilliant essay of Albrecht Alt, Der Gott der Vater, published in 1929. Alt proposed to use new means to penetrate into the pre-history of Israel's traditions of the old time. He repudiated the methods of such earlier scholars as Robertson Smith and Julius Wellhausen, who attempted to reconstruct the pre-Yahwistic stage of the tribal forebears of Israel by sifting Israel's early but fully Yahwistic sources for primitive features, primitive in terms of an apriori typology of religious ideas derived largely from nineteenth century idealism. Such procedures, Alt recognized, yielded merely the superstitious dregs of Israelite religion at any of its stages. As early as 1929, it was obvious to him that the archaeological data bearing on the second millennium gave a very different picture from that painted by the older historians. At least it was clear that the religion of Israel's neighbors was on a very much more sophisticated level than that being predicated for the pre-Mosaic tribes.
Degradation of DMPO adducts from hydroxyl and 1-hydroxyethyl radicals by rat liver microsomes.

Hydroxyl and 1-hydroxyethyl radical adducts of 5, 5-dimethylpyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) were prepared by photolysis, and mechanisms for loss of their EPR signals in rat liver microsomal suspensions were evaluated. Rates of NADPH-dependent EPR signal loss were more rapid in phosphate buffer than in Tris buffer. Addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) partially protected the adducts when Tris was used as a buffer, but was relatively ineffective in the presence of phosphate. The ferrous iron chelator bathophenanthrolene partially protected the spin adducts in the presence and absence of phosphate, but complete protection was observed when SOD was also added. The spin adducts were unstable in the presence of Fe+2 and K3Fe(CN)6, but Fe+3 alone had little effect on the EPR signals. The data are consistent with two mechanisms for microsomal degradation of DMPO spin adducts under these conditions. Microsomes form superoxide in the presence of oxygen and NADPH, which attacks these DMPO spin adducts directly. The spin ...
Auditory hallucinations of hearing voices in 375 normal subjects.

Jaynes' elaborate theory of the evolution of human consciousness speculates that unconscious language use by the right hemisphere produced frequent auditory hallucinations in primitive people [1]. ...
Long-term follow-up in adult living donors for combined liver/bowel transplant in pediatric recipients: A single center experience

Pediatric candidates for combined liver/bowel transplant (LBTx) experience a very high mortality on the cadaver waiting list. Our transplant center has successfully used adult living donors to treat pediatric candidates for LBTx. We report the long-term follow-up of this unique cohort of organ donors. The charts of six adult donors for LBTx performed between 2004 and 2007 were reviewed. All the pertinent clinical data were carefully reviewed and integrated with phone interviews of all donors. A total of six children (average age 13.5 months) received living donor LBTx. Average follow-up for the donors was 42 months (range 29-51). The donors' median age was 25 yr (19-32); five women and one man. The average median hospital stay was nine days. There were no peri-operative complications. At present all donors remain in good health. Three of the five mothers became pregnant after donation. Five of the six children are currently alive and well whereas one died with functioning grafts six months post-transplant due to plasmoblastic lymphoma. Living donor LBTx is an effective therapy for combined hepatic and intestinal failure in children less than five yr. The donor operation can be performed with minimal morbidity.
A Method for Separation of Trehalose from Insect Hemolymph

A method was developed for the determination of trehalose levels in insect hemolymph. The disaccharide is first purified by gel-permeation chromatography and then quantitated by the anthrone calorimetric procedure. The concentration of trehalose in hemolymph from eleven species is reported. The method is applicable to determinations in other tissues and organisms as well. J In many insect species, trehalose (a-o-glucopyranosyl-a-o-glucopyranoside) is the predominant circulating saccharide that plays a central role in carbohydrate metabolism (18). In order to understand the physiological interactions of this metabolite with regulatory agents, precise determinations of trehalose levels in tissues are essential. The presence of other saccharides makes a direct in situ analysis virtually impossible and has led several laboratories to use indirect methods to measure trehalose. A common procedure involves the use of trehalase to convert the disaccharide to glucose, which is then measured by the specific glucose oxidase enzymatic assay (5-7). The difficulty here is that trehalase and glucose oxidase regulate trehalose, glucose, and glycogen levels in vivo (4) and are subject to inhibition by other substances found in blood or tissue extracts such as hormones, ions, and metabolites (10, 12- 14). Another method requires the use of a gas-liquid chromatograph after the sample has been deproteinized, extracted, and silylated (2). The present study was undertaken to develop a simple, direct, and quantitative spectrophotometric method for trehalose determination that would not be subject to interference by other components in tissues and that could be set up rather inexpensively. Our procedure consists of purifying trehalose by gel-permeation chromatography, followed by direct quantitation using the anthrone reagent.
The American Legal Dragon Awakens: Act Unethically, Expect Serious Pain

Think it’s unethical, but legal? Think again. Recent examples of draconian legal enforcement of ethical violations in American business indicate that the days of the “kindler, gentler” enforcement of ethical violations are coming to an end. We are entering the era of the American fire-breathing legal dragon of enforcement in which those caught acting unethically in business are likely to face severe legal punishment.
Thymosin beta 4 interactions.

Abstract Thymosin β 4 is a small, 5-kDa protein with a diverse range of activities, including its function as an actin monomer sequestering protein, an antiinflammatory agent, and an inhibitor of bone marrow stem cell proliferation. Only the effects of thymosin β 4 on the actin cytoskeleton have an explanation based on identified molecular interactions. Thymosin β 4 is largely unfolded or perhaps completely unfolded in solution. Based on the paradigm introduced by Wright and Dyson (1999) that unfolded proteins may have multiple functions based on their ability to recognize numerous ligands, the flexible structure of thymosin β 4 may facilitate the recognition of a variety of molecular targets, thus explaining the plethora of functions attributed to thymosin β 4 . Furthermore, if multiple ligands bind to thymosin β 4 , then it is possible that thymosin β 4 has a unique integrative function that links the actin cytoskeleton to important immune and cell growth-signaling cascades.© 2003, Elsevier Science (USA).
Frozen Funding on Firearm Research: “Doing Nothing is No Longer an Acceptable Solution

December 2015 saw another Congressional budget standoff and threatened government shutdown. This omnibus bill was particularly important for public health, because – for the first time in years – it contained language that would have reversed a 19-year-old prohibition on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funding for research on firearm injury. Unfortunately, 2016’s final Omnibus Appropriations bill did not reverse this prohibition. And so another year begins with the United States – and the world – debating how to solve the problem of firearm violence in this country, without the benefit of objective public health research.
Protease-Activated Receptor 4 Induces Bladder Pain through High Mobility Group Box-1

Pain is the significant presenting symptom in Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/PBS). Activation of urothelial protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) causes pain through release of urothelial macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1), a chromatin-binding protein, mediates bladder pain (but not inflammation) in an experimental model (cyclophosphamide) of cystitis. To determine if PAR4-induced bladder hypersensitivity depends on HMGB1 downstream, we tested whether: 1) bladder PAR4 stimulation affected urothelial HMGB1 release; 2) blocking MIF inhibited urothelial HMGB1 release; and 3) blocking HMGB1 prevented PAR4-induced bladder hypersensitivity. HMGB1 release was examined in immortalized human urothelial cultures (UROtsa) exposed to PAR4-activating peptide (PAR4-AP; 100 μM; 2 hours) or scrambled control peptide. Female C57BL/6 mice, pretreated with a HMGB1 inhibitor (glycyrrhizin: 50 mg/kg; ip) or vehicle, received intravesical PAR4-AP or a control peptide (100 μM; 1 hour) to determine 1) HMGB1 levels at 1 hour in the intravesical fluid (released HMGB1) and urothelium, and 2) abdominal hypersensitivity to von Frey filament stimulation 24 hours later. We also tested mice pretreated with a MIF blocker (ISO-1: 20 mg/kg; ip) to determine whether MIF mediated PAR4-induced urothelial HMGB1 release. PAR4-AP triggered HMGB1 release from human (in vitro) and mice (in vivo) urothelial cells. Intravesical PAR4 activation elicited abdominal hypersensitivity in mice that was prevented by blocking HMGB1. MIF inhibition prevented PAR4-mediated HMGB1 release from mouse urothelium. Urothelial MIF and HGMB1 represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention in bladder pain conditions.
Planform Effects on Wing-Movable Tip Strake Aerodynamic Performance

[Abstract] The study described in the paper presents an attempt to expand the understanding of the novel use of a renowned concept – the one of wing strakes beyond the limited results of a previous, exploratory investigation. It is believed that this innovative method is important to the design and operation of airplanes in the future in several areas. Four different configurations of movable wing tip strakes have been studied in a low speed wind tunnel in conjunction with a rectangular wing model. The configurations tested differed in shape and size and they included two half-delta planforms, then one planform whose leading edge combined a swept straight line and a curved profile, and finally one configuration involving a half-double delta planform. All four movable tip strakes featured sharp leading edges. The addition of the strakes consistently altered the aerodynamic characteristics of the baseline wing to a great degree. It has been found that the half doubledelta tip strake, at the un-deflected setting relative to the wing, is superior to the other three strake configurations, all of them being superior to the baseline wing over significant ranges of lift coefficient. The half-double-delta strake improved the lift-to-drag ratio of the baseline wing over a substantial range of moderate angles of attack by as much as 26%. The study also pointed out new avenues for future research.
Abstract 2282: Inhibition of vasculogenesis, but not angiogenesis, reduces tumor recurrence following irradiation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Tumor blood vessels can derive from two sources: by angiogenesis, or the sprouting of endothelial cells from nearby blood vessels, and by vasculogenesis, which is produced by circulating cells. We have proposed that the radiation doses given in radiotherapy, will severely restrict local angiogenesis and thereby force tumor regrowth to rely on vasculogenesis. This involves the recruitment of proangiogenic circulating cells many of which are derived from the bone marrow. To investigate this hypothesis, we used the subcutaneously implanted FaDu human head and neck tumor and an orthotopic brain tumor using human U251 GBM cells. We found that local tumor irradiation induced the influx of bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) in a dose-dependent manner into both tumor models with most of this increase reflecting influx of CD11b+ myelomonocytes. We postulated that this influx of BMDCs was stimulated by increased tumor hypoxia and HIF-1 levels caused by radiation damage to the tumor vasculature. To determine HIF-1 activity in real-time in our brain implanted U251 GBM, we stably expressed the HIF-1 reporter construct 5HRE-luc in U251 cells and showed that HIF-1 activity increased rapidly starting at about two weeks following 15 Gy, in parallel to the increase in tumor hypoxia that we observed at this time. To test our hypothesis that the increased HIF-1 levels were responsible for the increased influx of CD11b+ cells into the tumors, we used the HIF-1 inhibitor NSC-134754. When this was given daily for 2 weeks, starting immediately following irradiation, the increased tumor levels of CD11b+ monocytes observed after 15 Gy was abrogated. This treatment also prevented the regrowth of the irradiated tumors following irradiation. As a further test of our hypothesis we determined the effect of inhibiting the interaction of SDF-1 with its receptor CXCR4 using the clinically approved drug AMD3100, which we infused starting immediately following irradiation. This had no effect on the growth of unirradiated tumors in the brain but completely inhibited the recurrence of the irradiated tumors following either a single dose of 15 Gy or the more clinically relevant scheme of 5 daily doses of 2 Gy. Inhibition of angiogenesis with DC101 increased tumor growth delay but did not prevent tumor recurrences. We also showed that the recurrence of FaDu tumors locally irradiated with 20 Gy was prevented using a monoclonal neutralizing antibody against CD11b+ monocytes. This treatment did not increase the radiosensitivity of normal skin thereby providing a therapeutic gain. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2282.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Using Simulation Games to Teach Ecosystem Service Synergies and Trade-offs

Natural capital is of critical importance for biodiversity and people's well-being. Studies indicate that understanding the connection between environmental health and human benefit (i.e., ecosyste...
Nuclear roundness factor measurement for assessment of prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma. I. Testing of a digitization system.

AbstractStandard pathological grading systems for prostatic carcinoma based upon glandular architectural pattern or nuclear anaplasia have failed to predict the prognosis of individual patients. Quantitative morphometric analysis of nuclear shape has predicted the outcome of patients with prostatic carcinoma when evaluated by some but not all reported studies. Calculation of nuclear roundness factor by different investigators was complicated by equipment differences and lack of standardized methods for acquiring and reporting data. We have improved our system for nuclear contour digitization and determined its theoretical limitations by digitizing standardized objects. Measurement errors were independent of orientation or location of an object within a microscopic or digitizer tablet field, speed of digitization and introduction of a microscope extension tube and light emitting diode cursor. Perimeters and areas of circles and squares of actual or digitizer-projected diameter or sidelength greater than fi...
Mechanics of stretch in activated crustacean slow muscle. I. Factors affecting peak force.

1. The active stiffness of ventral superficial abdominal muscle (VSM) of the hermit crab, Pagurus pollicarus, was measured with ramp stretches of different amplitudes and velocities. Active stiffne...
The Saint-Making Theodicy I: Negative Phase

In this chapter, I will begin to describe a species of soul-making theodicy that I will — after the description is completed — apply to the case of animal suffering. This new species owes much to Hick, Swinburne, Adams, Hasker, and others but extends and elaborates upon the Irenaean idea in a way which reflects my own spiritual journey and that, it seems to me, significantly strengthens the theodicy (in ways, I might add, that will make it seem particularly hard to apply to animals). First, however, in Section 6.1, I wish to fend off an expected problem from the start. There are certain caricatures of the soul-making theodicy that I wish to avoid from the outset. Though it has had its defenders all along, it has also had plenty of critics, who I think are not always fair. Then in Section 6.2, I will describe the basic value system I will assume, which is at the heart of the project. In Section 6.3, I will show how the work of Marilyn McCord Adams — primarily her adaptation of Chisholm’s notion of the defeat of evil — can be combined with Hick’s. for a richer theodicy. This chapter focuses on the value theory behind the saint-making theodicy, the notion of defeat, and the way they fit together.
Characterizing powder materials using keypoint-based computer vision methods

Abstract We applied the bag of visual words model for visual texture to a dataset of realistic powder micrograph images drawn from eight closely related particle size distributions. We found that image texture based powder classification performance saturates at 89 ± 3 % with 640 training images (80 images per class). This classification accuracy is comparable to classification using conventional segmentation-based particle size analysis. Furthermore, we found that particle size distributions obtained via watershed segmentation are generally not statistically equivalent to the ground truth particle size distributions, as quantified by the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for distribution equivalence. We expect image texture classification methods to outperform particle size analysis for more challenging real-world powder classification tasks by capturing additional information about particle morphology and surface textures, which add complexity to the image segmentation task inherent in particle size distribution estimation.
Collision of N-solitons in a fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Abstract The existence of N -solitons in a fifth-order nonlinear quintic Schrodinger equation is investigated through the use of a Hirota’s differential operator, which utilizes only one auxiliary function. This minimal use of auxiliary functions is a novel modification of the bilinear forms that allow us to obtain a larger and a more general class of N -solitons. As the number of auxiliary functions increases, the obtained solutions are more restricted and may not exhibit some of the important behaviors, thus the novel solutions given here are more general. Several classes of 4-solitons exhibiting elastic collisions, and non-elastic collisions that lead to the gain and the loss of amplitudes after collision in a conservative system are presented. Various plots to support the analytic results are presented with propagations illustrated along the x -axis. The explicit expressions for the solitons turn out to be the same as those given by Hirota for the third-order case, but the dispersion relation is different.
Cross-Validation of High-Resolution Melting Analysis-Based Genotyping Platform.

Aims: Developing genetic and pharmacogenetic panels enhances genetic testing in clinical molecular diagnostics and precision medicine. This study was designed to cross-validate the performance of C...
Overcoming the barriers to early-phase clinical trials (EPCT): Increasing EPCT minority accrual.

e16566 Background: Increasing minority accrual is critical to the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Without adequate minority representation in EPCT, researchers cannot assess differential ...
Untangling Fc and complement receptors to kill tumors.

Uncoupling of activation of Fc receptors via a mutant IgG1 Fc domain shows a direct role for complement receptors in antibody-dependent tumor killing.
The Determinants of Public Opinion on Economic Globalization and the Influence of Cultural Differences: A Summary of Findings

We summarize the key findings from the preceding chapters. We begin this chapter with an accounting of what has been done in this work, how we have proceeded to address our research topic, what key relationships have been examined, and what were the expected findings. This is followed by a summary of the findings from our empirical analyses.
Discovering chemical site occupancy- modulus correlations in Ni based intermetallics via statistical learning methods

Abstract We show how one may extract spectral features from the density of states (DOS) of L12-Ni3Al alloys that can serve as signatures or electronic “fingerprints” which capture the correlation between site occupancy of dopants and elastic properties. Based on this correlation, we have developed a computational approach for rapidly identifying the impact of the selection of dopant chemistries on bulk moduli of intermetallics. Our results show for example that Cr preferentially occupies the Al site in Ni3Al which is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. We further show that this preference is due to a sensitivity of Cr to the DOS at −1.7 and 0.2 eV relative to the Fermi energy. In terms of similarity in chemistry-property correlations, we find Cr has a similar effect to Ce when occupying an Al site, while Cr occupying a Ni site has similar correlation as La on a Ni site. This logic can be utilized in targeted design of new alloy chemistries based on similar property correlations and for targeted DOS modification.
Rehabilitation of cracked aluminum components using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites

Abstract: Overhead signs are used to provide the traveling public with clear messages under a variety of conditions, directly over the roadway. In many cases, due to their location over vehicular traffic, a support failure on sign support structures poses a significant threat to the traveling public. A repair method of cracked aluminum welded connections of overhead sign structures is described. Results for both static and fatigue tests of K-tube-to-tube connections are presented. The successful research and the minimal traffic disruption required in field application make this method a good choice for repair and rehabilitation of aluminum overhead sign structures.
Current trends in practices in the treatment of pediatric unilateral vocal fold immobility: A survey on injections, thyroplasty and nerve reinnervation.

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to poll pediatric otolaryngologists with a special interest in pediatric laryngology on their experience with injection medialization laryngoplasty (IML), thyroplasty, and reinnervation procedures in order to reflect on changing clinical practices. Method A 10-items questionnaire was designed to inquire about current management practices in the treatment of symptomatic UVFI. The 59 members of an ASPO pediatric laryngology working group received the anonymous online survey. A 47% (28/59) response rate was obtained over a 2 weeks period. Results Carboxymethylcellulose gel (Prolaryn) is the most popular injectable material used in the setting of IMLs (preferred by 46%; 13 respondents). Most clinicians perform IMLs in the operating room. However, 14% (4/28) of respondents currently perform office-based injections on older patients. When faced with the case of a young child with longstanding iatrogenic VFP, most respondents (41%; 11/27) would perform an IML alone as a first step for management. 37% (10/27) of respondents would inject and perform a laryngeal EMG while 22% (6/27) would offer reinnervation and concomitant IML. When faced with the case of a teenager with long-standing VFP, the polled physicians' opinions were divided: 37% (10/27) favored reinnervation and concomitant IML, while 26% (7/27) would proceed to an IML only. The remaining 37% (10/27) would first assess for vocal atrophy through LEMG or visual inspection. Conclusions Two significant shifts in practice seem to have occurred. First, ansa-RLN reinnervation procedures are now being considered as a first line treatment for a subset of patients in whom only IML was considered in the past. In fact, more than 20% of respondents did consider this route of management. Second, there is an increased use of in-office augmentations for older pediatric patients.
Utilizing the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring to Encourage Self-Regulated Learning

Self-regulated learning is of particular importance to computer-based and online instruction, as students need to manage their own time and their interactions with the system. Elements of self-regulatory learning traditionally include the metacognitive strategies of the students (e.g., their knowledge of their planning, and assessment of their own progress), their management of educational goals (e.g., what information is most important to them, and should receive their primary attention), and the strategies that students use in order to study and retain the provided information [1, 2]. By incorporating feedback and guidance within computer-based learning activities it can encourage students to engage in successful self-regulated learning with a better awareness of their own cognition, and strategies. Intelligent tutoring systems can utilize adaptive scaffolding and guidance in order to support self-regulated student learning [3]. The Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) [4] is an open-source adaptive tutoring system framework. The included tools within GIFT can be used to structure courses which guide individuals through the learning environment and are consistent with self-regulated best practices. The current paper includes a brief review of research into self-regulated learning in the context of computer-based and adaptive instruction. Further, the authoring capabilities of GIFT are discussed, and recommendations are given for future feature additions to GIFT which will benefit instructors who wish to develop courses that facilitate self-regulated learning.
On an Inviscid Approach to Phase Transition Problem

An interesting aspect of van der Waals’ type fluids is that the systems describing the motion of the fluids are of hyperbolic-elliptic mixed type, when the dissipative and/or capillary terms are neglected and the systems are inviscid. As in the hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, the weak solutions are not unique and to pick up a physically relevant solution various admissibility criteria have been proposed. There are mainly two distinct approaches to this admissibility problem. One approach is to consider the viscous or/and capillary effects of the fluids. Slemrod [1], [2] has proposed the viscosity-capillarity criterion in which not only the viscous but also the capillary effects of the fluids are taken into account in order to select the admissible solution. Pego [3], on the other hand, has considered the viscous effect only and has shown the stability of coexistent phases in a viscoelastic bar. In the above approaches the higher order effects are considered. Another approach is to consider the inviscid systems. Shearer [4] considered the Riemann problem for (2.1) assuming all the stationary phase boundaries are admissible. He also considered the double phase boundary problem of (2.1) in [5]. Hattori [6], [7], [8] has shown that the application of the entropy rate admissibility criterion to the above fluids is useful. Note that a comparison of the various admissibility criteria is given in Slemrod [9].
Linear Quadratic Integral Voltage Control of Islanded AC Microgrid Under Large Load Changes

This paper proposes a new secondary voltage controller for an islanded, inverter-based microgrid having unequal line impedances. The controller is designed based on linear quadratic integral (LQI) control. The objective of the controller is to regulate voltage following extreme disturbances such as very large load changes which might cause the system's voltage to fall below accepted voltage deviations. The proposed controller shows superior performance when compared to a PI controller tuned using the Ziegler-Nicholas method.
A wearable button-like system for long-term multiple biopotential monitoring using non-contact electrodes

Abstract High medical expenditure on chronic diseases in recent years promotes proactive healthcare and health management. Wearable devices provide a good solution for long-term monitoring for both in-hospital and out-of-hospital healthcare; however, long-term contact may cause comfort issues. This paper introduces the design, manufacturing, and experimental validation of a button-like wearable system for long-term multiple biopotential monitoring using non-contact electrodes, namely NCMB-Button. The button-like system is capable of acquiring ECG signals through multiple layers of cloth without directly contacting human skin and other multiple biopotential signals, including EMG and EEG without using traditional wet gel. The detecting performance is achieved and enhanced by introducing a feedback loop into the skin to reduce motion artifacts. The system is packaged into a 39 mm × 32 mm × 17 mm 3D printed case, featuring low-weight and low-cost. The total weight of the system is 24.0 g. The detection performance is validated by testing in multiple motion scenarios through different types of cloth. The results show that ECG signals were able to be detected through the thickness of 2.60 mm of fabric cloth with fast recovery from motion artifacts. Two types of EMG signals were also detected during the validation experiments. The EEG signals were detected during sleepiness condition in which the alpha wave was visible as the indicator. The NCMB-Button demonstrates the feasibility of long-term biopotential monitoring for various applications without interrupting daily activities.
A comparison of coil combination strategies in 3D multi-channel MRSI reconstruction for patients with brain tumors.

The goal of this study was to find the most robust algorithm for a phase-sensitive coil combination of 3D single-cycle and lactate-edited, multi-channel H-1 point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localized echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) data for clinical applications in the brain. Data were acquired over 5-10 minutes at 3T using 8- or 32-channel array coils. Peak referencing with residual water and N-acetyl-aspartate, first-point phasing, generalized least squared (GLS) and whitened singular-value decomposition (WSVD) combination algorithms were evaluated relative to unsuppressed water with data from a phantom, six volunteers and 55 patients with brain tumors. Comparison metrics were signal-to-noise ratio, coefficient of variance and percent signal increase. Where residual water was present, using it as a reference peak for phasing and weighting factors from an imaging calibration scan gave the best overall performance. Greater improvement was seen for large selected volumes (>720 cm3 ) and for the 32-channel array (25%) compared with the 8-channel array (19%). Applying voxel-by-voxel phase corrections produced a larger increase in performance for the 32- versus 8-channel coil. We conclude that, for clinically relevant 3D H-1 PRESS localized EPSI studies, the most robust technique employed individual phase maps generated from high residual water and individual amplitude maps generated from calibration scans.
Een selectief overzicht van sensorische integratieproblemen van spraak en niet-spraak bij individuen die stotteren

Het begrijpen van de neurale mechanismen die ten grondslag liggen aan stotteren wordt algemeen erkend als fundamenteel voor geinformeerde diagnose en behandeling. We geloven dat inspanningen om een dergelijk begrip te verkrijgen aanzienlijk baat kunnen hebben bij een aanpak waarbij specifieke hypotheses zijn afgeleid van een theoretisch kader dat consistent is met empirisch geijkte modellen van sensorimotorische controle en neuraal functioneren. Hier bespreken we selectief eerder en recent stotteronderzoek van zowel andere laboratoria als ons eigen laboratorium omtrent huidige theoretische inzichten in de neurale controle van beweging. Hoewel geenszins een uitgebreide literatuurstudie, bespreekt dit werk studies die aantonen dat (a) de vloeiende spraak en reactietijden van volwassenen die stotteren over het algemeen langzamer zijn dan die van volwassenen die niet stotteren, maar zulke verschillen zouden strategieen kunnen reflecteren om te compenseren voor meer fundamentele sensorimotorische problemen, (b) sensorimotorische problemen bij stotterende individuen zijn niet beperkt tot het spraakproductiesysteem maar strekken zich uit over effector-systemen, (c) ingevolge zijn zowel spraak- en niet-spraak sensorimotorisch leren gelimiteerd in individuen die stotteren, en (d) fundamentele stoornissen in sensorimotorische integratie een hoofdonderdeel kunnen zijn in al deze observaties, gezien het feit dat individuen die stotteren een atypische modulatie van sensorische verwerking laten zien zelfs voorafgaand aan bewegingsaanvang.
Electrical interfacing of nanowire devices with cells and tissues

Nanowire devices can be used to study and modify cells and living systems by taking advantage of their unique electrical properties. This chapter discusses the limitations of traditional electric technologies for studying and modifying biological systems, and explains how nanowire-based devices have been created in order to overcome these difficulties. It then describes the design of these novel systems, and provides examples of how they have been used to make extracellular and intracellular recordings. It concludes by exploring some of the potential biomedical applications such as triggered drug release and tissue engineering.
Creating opportunities for personal empowerment: Symptom and technology management resources (COPE-STAR) for caregivers of children who require medical technology.

AIM This research protocol addresses the development of web-based modules for the 'creating opportunities for personal empowerment: symptom and technology management resources' intervention with caregivers of children who require medical technology. The commonly experienced symptoms of fever and increased respiratory symptoms (coughing, wheezing, increased secretions), and the care of technologies (tracheostomy tubes, respiratory equipment and feeding tubes) are addressed in this nurse-led and nurse-developed intervention. DESIGN The purpose of this study was to develop web-based intervention modules and obtain review by expert and caregiver reviewers using a systematic, structured process and form. METHODS The intervention includes evidenced-based, theory-based, modules that address the child's most common emotions and behavioural responses with the management of their symptoms and technologies using a web-based format. To establish fidelity of the intervention, expert and caregiver reviewers (e.g. caregivers of children with multiple complex chronic illnesses and technologies) will review the modules that will then be refined prior to feasibility testing. Funding for the study began in July 2018. DISCUSSION The intervention development led by nurses entails an evidence-based literature review; development of scripts with appropriate health literacy level; and content by experts, photography, and videography; production of video modules and creation of a website for modules. IMPACT This nursing intervention addresses the educational needs and skills considered essential and most applicable to caregivers of children who require medical technology to improve self-management of their child's symptoms and technology in the home setting. The information obtained from this study will be valuable to nursing, other healthcare providers and healthcare systems in planning and implementing programs and services for these children and for nurse researchers designing intervention studies for children with multiple complex chronic illnesses. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is not designated as a clinical trial per NIH/NINR study and grant proposal guidelines.
How Organizational Identity Affects Hospital Performance: Comparing Predictive Power of Mission Statements and Sector Affiliation

Organizational identity is an important concept in organizational theory, as it can contextualize the behavior of organizations and members. The literature presents divergent perspectives on organi...
It takes 2 TOXes to Tfh Tango

TOX and TOX2 promote T follicular helper cell development through transcriptional changes and epigenetic remodeling.
Paul Samuelson’s Contributions to Public Economics

This chapter provides an impressionistic review of Paul Samuelson’s enduring contributions to the field of public economics. It focuses on his main foundational methods widely used in public finance and their important applications, elaborations, clarifications and caveats to his conclusions. The chapter discusses the pathbreaking use of mathematics to clarify assumptions and make testable predictions more precise, from constrained choice optimization models to revealed preference theory to the overlapping generations model to integrating microeconomic foundations into macroeconomics. It then focuses on his primary contributions to public economics: the theory of public goods. From the characteristics of the goods as non-rival and non-excludable to the free rider preference revelation problem to the summation of individual marginal valuations to derive the efficiency conditions to their interaction with the income distribution, it is all there in just three pages. We then look at the extensions and caveats it inspired. Finally, the chapter discusses Samuelson’s primary contribution to tax theory, his analysis of economic depreciation. The influence of his prolific publications, textbook, public intellectual writing and advising, and teaching on and by his numerous students who became important economists and policy makers, has been and continues to be profound. That places Samuelson high in the pantheon of great economists of the twentieth century and, indeed, in the history of economic thought, which, given his love of that subject, no doubt would have delighted him.
Triple-halide Bandgap Tuning In Top Cells For Perovskite/Si Tandems

We found Br/I mixed perovskite with high fraction of Cs can steadily incorporate Cl-based perovskite to tune the bandgap. The resulting films exhibit significant improvement in the mobility and lifetime of photocarriers. In 1.67eV wide-bandgap perovskite top cells optimized for perovskite/Si tandems, we achieved a great reducing of voltage-of-open-circuit (VOC) deficit from 0.57eV to 0.45eV, which is among the best of perovskite top cells in Si tandems reported so far. The stabilized PCE is improved from 17-18% to 20%, featured with high VOC (1.22V) and high FF (83%). This advance in wide-bandgap top cells holds promise for improving perovskite/Si tandems.
Iran and the West in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

This chapter provides a brief history of how European imperialism intervened in Iran’s internal affairs during the first half of the twentieth century. The selected subjects in the chapter are the major events in which foreign powers played significant roles. They are: the constitutional revolution of 1905–1911, the establishment of Iran’s parliament, the British and Russian intrigues in Iran, and the problem of hiring Western advisors to reform Iran’s public finance. The chapter then discusses the oil discovery in Iran and its strategic importance for the British navy, and the invasion of Iran during the First World War which was followed by the 1921 coup and the rise of Reza Shah. The chapter further discusses Iran’s dispute with the British-owned Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Iran during the Second World War, the fall of Reza Shah, the Soviet effort to separate the province of Azerbaijan from the Iranian motherland, and the American and Russian rivalry to obtain oil concessions in Iran.