cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I receptors from rat skeletal muscle and L-6 myocytes

Insulin and IGF-I receptors were solubilized from fused L-6 myocytes, a rat skeletal muscle derived cell line, and compared to rat skeletal muscle receptors. In skeletal muscle, 125I-insulin binding was competed by insulin > IGF-I > MSA, whereas in L-6 cells IGF-I > insulin > MSA. 125I-IGF-I binding was competed by IGF-I > insulin = MSA in both tissues. On electrophoresis, differences in Mr were observed between skeletal muscle and L-6 derived receptors both in the α- and β-subunits. Six antibodies directed against the human insulin receptor β-subunit recognized the rat skeletal muscle insulin receptor, while only two reacted strongly with L-6 derived receptors. Skeletal muscle has receptors with relative specificity for insulin and IGF-I respectively; L-6 cells also have two classes of receptors, one is kinetically similar to the IGF-I receptor from skeletal muscle; the other, which binds insulin with relatively high affinity has even greater affinity for IGF-I. This unusual receptor may represent a developmental stage in muscle or the transformed nature of L-6 cells.
Role of Ubiquitination in Endocytic Trafficking of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

Lysyl ubiquitination has long been known to target cytoplasmic proteins for proteasomal degradation, and there is now extensive evidence that ubiquitination functions in vacuolar/lysosomal targeting of membrane proteins from both the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest and most diverse family of membrane proteins, whose function is of fundamental importance both physiologically and therapeutically. In this review, we discuss the role of ubiquitination in the vacuolar/lysosomal downregulation of GPCRs through the endocytic pathway, with a primary focus on lysosomal trafficking in mammalian cells. We will summarize evidence indicating that mammalian GPCRs are regulated by ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms conserved in budding yeast, and then consider evidence for additional ubiquitin-dependent and -independent regulation that may be specific to animal cells.
Project Universal Preschool Vision Screening: A Demonstration Project

OBJECTIVES. Visual disorders among preschool-aged children are common, yet screening is infrequent. The purpose of this project was to implement the vision screening recommendations proposed by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau and National Eye Institute Vision Screening in the Preschool Child Task Force: monocular visual acuity and stereopsis testing. METHODS. Four sites fully participated in the implementation of the task force recommendations with 3- and 4-year-old children. Two of the sites worked with primary care practices (testing performed by staff); 2 worked with community-based programs (testing performed by lay volunteers). Each site tracked number of children screened by age, as well as proportion testable, referred, and with documented follow-up evaluation. RESULTS. Variations in implementation of the recommendations were observed. Successful screening among 3-year-olds ranged from 70% to 93%; referral rates were 1% to 41%, and follow-up rates were 29% to 100%. Successful screening among 4-year-olds ranged from 88% to 98%; referral rates were 2% to 40%, and follow-up rates were 41% to 100%. The proportion of 3-year-olds who were treated was significantly different between the community-based sites ( n = 20) and the primary care sites ( n = 2). Similarly, the proportion of 4-year-olds who were treated was significantly different between the community-based sites ( n = 36) and the primary care sites ( n = 11). CONCLUSIONS. The variability across pilot sites in numbers successfully screened and numbers referred suggests that all aspects of preschool vision screening need thorough review before the goal of universal preschool vision screening can be realized.
Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in Blood

The nuclear magnetic relaxation time T 1 of protons in human blood has been measured as a function of frequency, pH, and hematocrit. For whole blood at 25°C, T 1 is approximately 0.1 s at 20 kHz, increasing to approximately 1 s at 50 MHz. T 1 of whole blood is analyzed in terms of the exchange of water molecules between plasma and erythrocyte cytoplasm. A cellular residence time of 19 ms provides the best fit to the data. The T 1 values for plasma and cytoplasm are explained in terms of their protein content, using the well-established theory of nuclear relaxation in macromolecular solutions. The plasma and cytoplasm data are compared with previous T 1 results for apotransferrin and hemoglobin solutions, respectively, and qualitative agreement is found. The T 1 values increased with decreasing pH, as is expected from existing data on hemoglobin solutions.
Counterfeit IC detection using light emission

The proliferation of counterfeit Integrated Circuits (ICs) poses a big challenge for the electronics industry as today's supply chain of ICs becomes more complex and expensive. For this reason, it is imperative to mitigate these risks by developing counterfeit IC detection techniques, especially at the chip level. In this paper, a novel counterfeit IC detection method is proposed. It is based on the measurement of intrinsic light emission from CMOS ICs that is a strong function of the device threshold voltage (Vt) for a given technology. In contrast to currently available counterfeit IC detection techniques, the proposed method measures IC degradation after it has been used for a long time and does not require a reference IC to provide a baseline signature. A differential technique is used to detect different levels of degradation inside the same chip in order to determine if it is counterfeit. Experimental results presented in this paper show that emission can be effectively used to detect degradation, thus making this technique a very effective way to detect counterfeit ICs.
Mechanisms of extracellular pH adjustments in hypercapnia

Abstract An estimate was made of the relative contributions of 1) chemical buffering and distribution, 2) exchange between extracellular fluid and other body compartments, and 3) renal compensation, to the pH adjustment of extracellular fluid in rats breathing 10% CO; for periods of 15 min to 21 days. At the end of one hour 33% of the increase in extracellular bicarbonate was attributed to chemical buffering, 22% to exchange with other body compartments, and 45% to renal compensation. After 48 hr the contributions were 8%, 12%, and 80%, respectively, and after 21 days the values were 7%, 11%, and 82%. The overall response expressed as “% pH adjustment” (Siesjo, 1971) increased from 8% at 15 min to 72% at 21 days with most of the adjustment taking place in the first 48 hr.
A study of the predictability of sea surface temperature over the tropics

In this study, reasons for spatial variability in prediction skill of seasonal mean sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated. The analysis explores the connection between the spatial variation of SST prediction skill in tropical latitudes and local simultaneous correlation between observed SST and precipitation (SST-P). The results show that high (low) SST prediction skills and slow (fast) decay in skill with lead time are generally collocated with large positive (weakly positive or negative) SST-P correlations. The reasons for spatial variation in SST-P correlation can be explained by whether the primary forcing is from the ocean to the atmosphere or vice versa. Over regions where the ocean is generally known to force the atmosphere, it is found that SST-P correlation has large positive values. Over regions where the atmosphere forces ocean, SST-P correlation is weak due to intrinsically unpredictable nature of atmospheric variability. The physical explanation for spatial variation in SST-P correlation, and apparent link between the spatial variations in SST-P correlation and spatial variations in skill of SST predictions also establishes a physical basis for the latter. As a corollary, low SST prediction skill in coupled forecast models over certain geographical regions may be due to the inherent limits on predictability in addition to the contribution from model biases or initialization errors.
Iron, Lead, and Cobalt Absorption: Similarities and Dissimilarities

Using isolated intestinal segments in rats, the absorption of iron, lead, and cobalt was increased in iron deficiency and decreased in iron loading. Similarly, the absorption of these metals was decreased in transfusional erythocytosis, after intravenous iron injection and after parenteral endotoxin injection. Acute bleeding or abbreviated intervals of dietary iron deprivation resulted in increased iron absorption from isolated intestinal segments and in intact animals, while the absorption of lead and cobalt was unaffected. These results suggest that the specificity of the mucosal metal absorptive mechanism is either selectively enhanced for iron absorption by phlebotomy or brief periods of dietary iron deprivation, or that two or more mucosal pathways for iron absorption may exist.
Analysis of thermopower and conductivity for mixed band and broad tail state conduction

Abstract The temperature dependence of the Peltier coefficient, TT(T), and the conductivity, σ(T), in amorphous semiconductors is analysed for a model in which the conduction takes place not only near the mobility edge but also in a wide range of localized tail states. Experimental data on plasma deposited Si1-xBx:H films between 78 and 450K for 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 reveal that the ln σ vs 1/t curves are strongly T-dependent whereas the Peltier coefficient curves show smoothly decreasing carrier energy as T decreases. We determine the temperature shift of the Fermi level under limiting assumptions about the temperature dependence of the mobility and develop a model for the differential conductivity and for the density of states by fitting σ(T) and TT(T). It is necessary to assume anactivated mobility in order to fit the data with a reasonable density of states.
Effect Modification and Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies

In an observational study of treatment effects, subjects are not randomly assigned to treatment or control, so differing outcomes in treated and control groups may reflect a bias from nonrandom assignment rather than a treatment effect. After adjusting for measured pretreatment covariates, perhaps by matching, a sensitivity analysis determines the magnitude of bias from an unmeasured covariate that would need to be present to alter the conclusions of the naive analysis that presumes adjustments eliminated all bias. Other things being equal, larger effects tend to be less sensitive to bias than smaller effects. Effect modification is an interaction between a treatment and a pretreatment covariate controlled by matching, so that the treatment effect is larger at some values of the covariate than at others. In the presence of effect modification, it is possible that results are less sensitive to bias in subgroups experiencing larger effects. Two cases are considered: (i) an a priori grouping into a few categ...
Sexual Career Paths of Black Adolescent Females A Study of Socioeconomic Status and Other Life Experiences

Using data from the 1982 Family Growth Cycle III variables predicting the sexual career paths of Black adolescent females were examined (N = 4,621). Results from this study indicated thatBlack adolescent females ofmiddle and high socioeconomic status became sexually active about the same age. However, age at first conception among Black adolescents of middle socioeconomic status was similar to Black adolescents of low socioeconomic status. Regardless of socioeconomic status, age at first conception for Black adolescent females occurred during late adolescence, with those of high socioeconomic status becoming pregnant later than Black adolescent females of middle or low socioeconomic status. Separate multiple-regression models (by socioeconomic status) were produced. Results from this analysis yielded different estimates for the onset offirst coitus, duration of preconception sexual activity period, and age at first conception among Black adolescent females. Findings from this study have implications for c...
Marketing Order Impacts on Farm-Retail Price Spreads: The Suspension of Prorates on California-Arizona Navel Oranges

The 1985 suspension of the prorate on California‐Arizona navel oranges decreased FOB retail price spreads in Atlanta and San Francisco by about 1.3 cents per pound. Four reduced‐form models of price spreads were estimated as seemingly unrelated regressions for price spreads in Atlanta, Dallas, and San Francisco. Nested and non‐nested hypothesis testing procedures indicated a markup model as the most plausible one for explaining short‐run changes in price spreads.
Fused ring and linking groups effect on overcharge protection for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract The derivatives of 1,3-benzodioxan (DBBD1) and 1,4-benzodioxan (DBBD2) bearing two tert -butyl groups have been synthesized as new redox shuttle additives for overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries. Both compounds exhibit a reversible redox wave over 4 V vs Li/Li + with better solubility in a commercial electrolyte (1.2 M LiPF 6 dissolved in ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (EC/EMC 3/7) than the di- tert -butyl-substituted 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DDB). The electrochemical stability of DBBD1 and DBBD2 was tested under charge/discharge cycles with 100% overcharge at each cycle in MCMB/LiFePO 4 and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /LiFePO 4 cells. DBBD2 shows significantly better performance than DBBD1 for both cell chemistries. The structural difference and reaction energies for decomposition have been studied by density functional calculations.
“Not in My Back Yard”: The Situational and Personality Determinants of Oppositional Behavior1

The present study considered situational and dispositional factors underlying behavioral opposition characteristic of a “not-in-my-back-yard” (NIMBY) response to a change having adverse personal consequences. Students considered the proposition of comprehensive exams required for graduation taking effect in the near or distant future (high and low vested interest, respectively). Although both groups had similarly negative attitudes toward the idea, the high vested interest group perceived greater personal consequence and expressed greater intention to oppose the plan. From a situational-dispositional interactionist perspective, it was the impact of the situation (perceived stake), rather than personality traits presumed to underlie a NIMBY response, that proved to be the primary determinant of oppositional behavior.
Soybean yield and resource conservation field borders

Abstract The ecological and environmental shortcomings of landscapes dominated by monocultures of crops have led to increased pressure to farm in a more holistic, environmentally sound, socially acceptable manner. The USDA Continuous Conservation Reserve Program (CCRP) is one answer to this shift in philosophy. One program within CCRP, CP33, habitat buffers for upland birds, was designed to provide incentives for substituting herbaceous buffers for crop field margins to promote wildlife habitat. Farmers have been slow to sign up for CP33, possibly out of concern for the borders’ impact on insect pest abundance, crop yield and profitability. We examined the impact of three herbaceous border compositions on yield in soybean over 3 years. The border treatments were: (1) a cool-season grass/legume mixture, (2) a warm-season grass/legume mixture, and (3) tall fescue. In addition, the experimental control (soybean border) provided the opportunity to examine the effect of hedgerows on crop yield. We found only a few differences in soybean yield among border treatments and discerned no specific cause-and-effect relationship between buffers and soybean yield, or among distances into the soybean fields from the crop–border interface. We conclude that herbaceous conservation buffers would have little or no impact on soybean yield and should be promoted for their positive environmental benefits.
Some Effects of Taxes on Business and Financial Organizations

BUSINESS TAXES are, in one essential, no different from any other category of taxes. They represent the transfer of income and spending from the private sector of the economy to the public sector. They consist of a portion of private incomes which would have been spent or saved voluntarily to satisfy the present and future requirements of private individuals and groups. Taxes are compulsory contributions to governments; they are payments for past, present and future services of government; and they generally bear no direct or proportional relationship to benefits received or services consumed. In the fundamental nature and effects such as these, there is little difference between business taxes and personal taxes, between indirect and direct taxes.
House Price Appreciation: The Impact Of No Income Verification Loans And Investor Activity

This paper examines house price appreciation in the US from 2004 through 2009, a period marked by a boom-and-bust cycle for house prices, to investigate the impact of the extensive use of no income verification loans and investor activity on house price movements. House price appreciation for each state and Washington, DC is modeled in cross-sectional time series regressions using macroeconomic variables and loan type intensities. The findings suggest that widespread use of no income verification loans and non-owner occupied loans directly impacts house price movements and significantly explains the astonishing gains and sudden losses that occurred during the sample period.
Five techniques for increasing the speed and accuracy of PIV interrogation

This paper explores several methods for increasing the efficiency and accuracy of particle image velocimetry (PIV) data analysis. The time to directly compute the correlation function to determine the displacement in PIV interrogation windows is reduced using two techniques. First, a scheme that calculates the correlation for 16 pixels in parallel is implemented. A further increase in efficiency results from using a truncated multiplication scheme that calculates 82% of the answer while reducing the work by 84%. Second, advantage is taken of the common practice of overlapping adjacent interrogation windows by not recorrelating the portion of the new window that overlaps the old. For the commonly used 50% overlap, the speed of vector calculation can theoretically be increased 300%. In practice, the improvement depends on the implementation of the method. The most efficient algorithm doubles the processing speed at 50% overlap. Accuracy is increased using three methods. First, a technique for enhancing PIV images to increase the contrast between the particles and the background is presented. This method is particularly useful when experimental exigencies result in low contrast images. Second, a method is presented for resolving the velocity in areas of high velocity gradient where the correlation map contains multiple peaks. Third, equalizing the histogram of sub-pixel adjustments should eliminate peak locking. Sample data show a `decrease' in error of 15%.
How could complementary feeding patterns affect the susceptibility to NCD later in life

Abstract Aims The purpose of this paper is to provide a general framework for thinking about pathways and potential mechanisms through which complementary feeding may influence the risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Data synthesis To provide a context for the lack of clear and consistent evidence relating complementary feeding to NCD risk, methodological challenges faced in trying to develop an evidence base are described. Potential pathways through which complementary feeding may influence obesity-related NCD risk are described and illustrated with examples. Conclusions Numerous aspects of complementary feeding, including diet composition as well as patterns of feeding have the potential to influence the early development of obesity, which in turn predicts later obesity and NCD risk. Specific dietary exposures during the period of complementary feeding also have the potential to program future disease risk through pathways that are independent of adiposity. These factors all require consideration when making recommendations for optimal complementary feeding practices aimed at prevention of future NCDs.
Iterative pole-zero estimation with a robust error criterion

An iterative method for simultaneous pole-zero parameterization of a given filter impulse response is presented. An error criterion is constructed and iteratively minimized. The error criterion emphasizes both spectral peaks and spectral valleys in the desired signal spectrum and results in a set of linear equations that can be readily solved. A comparison with well-known methods (e.g. Shanks' and Kalman's methods) shows that this simultaneous iterative method is substantially better. Experimental results also show that a significant reduction in error is achieved after only three or four iterations. Applications of this method include system identification and pole-zero modeling of speech. >
Distributed control of hybrid AC-DC microgrid with solar energy, energy storage and critical load

In this paper, a novel power flow control method for a hybrid AC-DC microgrid with solar energy, and energy storage is proposed for the integration of a pulse load. This micro grid works in islanding mode with a synchronous generator and PV farm supplying power to the system's AC and DC sides, respectively. A bidirectional AC-DC inverter is used to link the AC and DC sides by controlling the active and reactive power flow between them. The PV farm is connected to the DC bus through a DC-DC boost converter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) functionality. A Battery bank is connected to the DC bus through a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The system is tested with a pulse load connected to the AC side. Simulation results verify that the proposed topology is coordinated for power management in both the AC and DC sides under critical loads with high efficiency, reliability and robustness in islanding modes.
The origins of carrier multiplexing: Major George Owen Squier and AT&T

George O. Squier, the inventor of the Muzak system, was the inventor as well, in 1910, of telephone carrier multiplexing, the forerunner of microwave frequency multiplexing after World War II, and its current incarnation as optical wavelength multiplexing. Squier was a Major in the United States Army Signal Corps at the time, later becoming Major General and Chief Signal Officer. His invention was initially rejected by AT&T engineers as not being commercially viable. This view was not shared by others in the engineering community, including John Stone Stone, a distinguished independent telephone engineer. After prodding by Stone, AT&T officials began a reappraisal of the "wired wireless" system, as Squier chose to call it, and by 1914 development of a commercial system, was underway. By 1918, however, when the AT&T system went into service, AT&T was claiming that Squier's work had only been "suggestive" and that its system was based on inventions of its own engineers. We describe the sequence of events, beginning with Squier's invention, that led to the AT&T commercial rollout of carrier multiplexing. We also offer some possible reasons, based on archival documents, as to why AT&T downplayed Squier's invention.
Excimer laser angioplasty: technological challenges in expanding the indications for use

A xenon chloride excimer laser system has been approved for use in the treatment of coronary artery disease for the following indications: (1) lesions longer than 20 mm, (2) moderately calcified lesions, (3) total occlusions crossable with a guidewire, (4) undilatable or uncrossable balloon angioplasty failures, (5) ostial lesions, 6) lesions in saphenous vein bypass grafts. This series of indications represent a set of lesions which have been associated with lower success rates when treated by balloon alone. This series of indications is also much broader than those available for atherectomy devices. >
Factors influencing the adoption of residential broadband connections to the Internet

Broadband adoption has been slower than anticipated in the United States resulting in a number of proposed policy interventions ranging from nonintervention to extreme measures. Digital divide advocates are concerned that demographics of broadband users reveal the same digital divide gaps that are observed in computer ownership and home Internet access. This study analyzes the factors influencing the adoption of residential broadband services using the current population survey data from September 2001. Three statistical models on computer ownership, home Internet access, and broadband access are analyzed to illustrate the differences in demographics between the dependent variables. Using a logit regression model, the results show that the digital divide is the widest for computer ownership and the narrowest for broadband access. The implications of this study are that public policy interventions to bridge the digital divide should focus more on computer ownership, and less on broadband specific policies.
Comparison of long- versus short-term CIDR-based protocols to synchronize estrus prior to fixed-time AI in postpartum beef cows

This experiment was conducted to compare pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows resulting from fixed-time AI (FTAI) after treatment with controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based protocols to synchronize estrus. Cows assigned to the Show-Me-Synch (n=167) protocol received a CIDR from d 0 to 14, and prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) on d 30. Cows assigned to 7-d CO-Synch+CIDR (n=177) received a CIDR and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on d 23. On d 30, CIDRs were removed and PGF(2α) was administered. Blood sampling occurred on d -10 and 0 of treatment to determine estrous cyclicity status (progesterone ≥0.5 ng/mL estrous cycling). Treatments were balanced on age, DPP and BCS. Estrous detection was performed using HeatWatch from PGF(2α) to FTAI. Artificial insemination was performed at predetermined fixed times (72 h, Show-Me-Synch; 66h, 7-d CO-Synch+CIDR) and all cows were administered GnRH at FTAI. This experiment was conducted over a two year period; no differences were found between years so the data were pooled for further analysis. Pregnancy rate resulting from FTAI did not differ (P>0.10) between technicians or AI sires. Pregnancy rate resulting from FTAI was similar between treatments (P=0.20); however, cows that exhibited estrus prior to FTAI had a higher pregnancy rate (P<0.01) than for those that did not. Pregnancy rate at the end of the breeding period was similar between treatments (P=0.28). In summary, FTAI pregnancy rates were similar among postpartum beef cows following treatment with either a short- or long-term CIDR-based estrous synchronization protocol.
Inflexible Prices and Procyclical Productivity

Hall has shown that, with perfect competition and price flexibility, total factor productivity measured using labor's share either in revenues or in costs will be acyclical regardless of the level of labor hoarding. We show that if firms producing a homogeneous good under constant returns must pick their prices before demand is known, both measures of productivity become procyclical. The model implies that productivity should be more procyclical the more important is labor hoarding. Empirically, productivity is more procyclical in industries and in nations where labor hoarding appears more important.
Development of the microwave test facility at the University of Missouri Center for Physical and Power Electronics

In 2009 the Center for Physical and Power Electronics at the University of Missouri-Columbia began to construct a facility to enable scaled tests using both low power and high power, pulsed and continuous radio frequency and microwave energy. This facility has been online since early 2010 and has been used to perform advanced tests on antennas and electronics. We are continuing to expand its capabilities both at low power and high power using HPM sources.
Gender, Victimisation, Perceived Risk and Perceptions of Police Performance in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods:

Although research on the public's attitudes towards the police has a long history, and gender has long been considered a potential correlate, theoretical and empirical development concerning the role of gender in forming positive or negative attitudes towards the police is limited. In this paper we approach this issue in three ways to understand better how gender may or may not affect attitudes towards the police among a sample of residents in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in two south-eastern cities. We find that the total bivariate effect of gender in the sample is small and not statistically significant. However, there is some evidence that gender plays a distal causal role because women feel less safe or at greater risk of victimisation, but are less likely to be victimised or confronted with a drug dealer. Theoretical and policy implications are provided.
Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to "the lactate clamp"

To evaluate the hypothesis that precursor supply limits gluconeogenesis (GNG) during exercise, we examined training-induced changes in glucose kinetics [rates of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (...
The I-V characteristics of SiO/sub 2/ after ultra high temperature diffusion

The silicon wafer is stable at room temperature but weak at high temperature, which is necessary for it to be fabricated into a power semiconductor device. During thermal diffusion processing, the high temperature produces a variety of thermal stresses in the wafer, resulting in device failure modes that can cause unwanted oxide charge or defects. This disrupts the silicon crystal structure and permanently degrades the electrical and physical characteristics of the wafer. In this paper, the electrical characteristics of a single oxide layer after the high temperature diffusion process, the wafer growing method, and the thickness of poly-back were researched. The oxide quality was examined, based on I-V characteristics, defect density and BMD (bulk micro defect) density.
Photophysics and Photochemistry of Stilbene-Containing Platinum Acetylides

A series of four platinum acetylide complexes that contain 4-ethynylstilbene (4-ES) ligands have been subjected to a detailed photochemical and photophysical investigation. The objective of the work is to understand the structure and reactivity of the lowest excited states in π-conjugated Pt-acetylides. The 4-ES ligand was chosen for this work because the excited-state properties of the stilbene chromophore are well understood. In particular, stilbene features fluorescence and phosphorescence, and also undergoes trans−cis photoisomerization from the triplet excited state. Two of the complexes investigated contain phosphine ligands and have the structures trans-Pt(PBu3)2(4-ES)2 and cis-Pt(dppe)(4-ES)2 (2 and 3, respectively, where PBu3 = tributylphosphine and dppe = bis-1,2-diphosphinoethane). The other two complexes contain substituted 2,2‘-bipyridine ligands and have the structures Pt(t-Bu-bpy)(4-ES)2 and Pt(4,4‘-CO2Et-bpy)(4-ES)2 (3 and 4, respectively, where t-Bu-bpy = 4,4‘-di-tert-butyl-2,2‘-bipyridin...
Organization and expression of the polynucleotide phosphorylase gene (pnp) of Streptomyces: Processing of pnp transcripts in Streptomyces antibioticus.

We have examined the expression of pnp encoding the 3′-5′-exoribonuclease, polynucleotide phosphorylase, in Streptomyces antibioticus. We show that the rpsO-pnp operon is transcribed from at least two promoters, the first producing a readthrough transcript that includes both pnp and the gene for ribosomal protein S15 (rpsO) and a second, Ppnp, located in the rpsO-pnp intergenic region. Unlike the situation in Escherichia coli, where observation of the readthrough transcript requires mutants lacking RNase III, we detect readthrough transcripts in wild-type S. antibioticus mycelia. The Ppnp transcriptional start point was mapped by primer extension and confirmed by RNA ligase-mediated reverse transcription-PCR, a technique which discriminates between 5′ ends created by transcription initiation and those produced by posttranscriptional processing. Promoter probe analysis demonstrated the presence of a functional promoter in the intergenic region. The Ppnp sequence is similar to a group of promoters recognized by the extracytoplasmic function sigma factors, sigma-R and sigma-E. We note a number of other differences in rspO-pnp structure and function between S. antibioticus and E. coli. In E. coli, pnp autoregulation and cold shock adaptation are dependent upon RNase III cleavage of an rpsO-pnp intergenic hairpin. Computer modeling of the secondary structure of the S. antibioticus readthrough transcript predicts a stem-loop structure analogous to that in E. coli. However, our analysis suggests that while the readthrough transcript observed in S. antibioticus may be processed by an RNase III-like activity, transcripts originating from Ppnp are not. Furthermore, the S. antibioticus rpsO-pnp intergenic region contains two open reading frames. The larger of these, orfA, may be a pseudogene. The smaller open reading frame, orfX, also observed in Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis, may be translationally coupled to pnp and the gene downstream from pnp, a putative protease.
PLACING THE FLORIDIAN MARINE GENETIC DISJUNCTION INTO A REGIONAL EVOLUTIONARY CONTEXT USING THE SCORCHED MUSSEL, BRACHIDONTES EXUSTUS, SPECIES COMPLEX

The well-documented Floridian Gulf/Atlantic marine genetic disjunction provides an influential example of presumed vicariant cladogenesis along a continental coastline for major elements of a diverse nearshore fauna. However, it is unclear if this disjunction represents a local anomaly for regionally distributed morphospecies, or if it is merely one of many such cryptic phylogenetic splits that underlay their assumed genetic cohesiveness. We aimed to place the previously characterized scorched mussel Gulf/Atlantic genetic disjunction into a regional phylogenetic perspective by incorporating genotypes of nominal conspecifics sampled throughout the Caribbean Basin as well as those of eastern Pacific potential geminate species. Our results show it to be one of multiple latent regional genetic disjunctions, involving five cryptic Caribbean species, that appear to be the product of a long history of regional cladogenesis. Disjunctions involving three stem lineages clearly predate formation of the Isthmus of Panama and of the Caribbean Sea, although four of the five cryptic species have within-basin sister relationships. Surprisingly, the Atlantic clade was also found to be widespread in the southern Caribbean, and ancestral demography calculations through time for Atlantic coast-specific genotypes are consistent with a northward range extension after the last glacial maximum. Our new data seriously undermine the hypothesis of a Floridian vicariant genesis and imply that the scorched mussel Gulf/Atlantic disjunction represents a case of geographic and temporal pseudocongruence. All five Caribbean Basin cryptic species exhibited an intriguing pattern of predominantly allopatric distribution characterized by distinct geographic areas of ecological dominance, often adjoining those of sister taxa. This pattern of distribution is consistent with allopatric speciation origins, coupled with restricted postspeciation range extensions. Several lines of indirect evidence favor the hypothesis that the predominantly allopatric distributions are maintained over evolutionary time scales, primarily by postrecruitment ecological filters rather than by oceanographic barriers to larval-mediated gene flow.
Approximating the traveling wavefront for a nonlocal delayed reaction-diffusion equation

In this paper a boundary layer method is combined with an asymptotic expansion method to approximate the traveling wave solution of a nonlocal delayed reaction-diffusion model. In particular, assuming that the diffusion coefficients of the mature and immature populations are small, the wave solution is approximated in three steps. First, the model is reduced by considering the Dirac delta function as the kernel function of the integral term. Second, a boundary layer method is employed to approximate the wave solution of the reduced model. Third, using this result and the generalized Watson’s lemma, the wave solution of the general model is approximated. By considering various birth functions, the approximate wave solutions are numerically compared with the exact wave solutions.
The Role of the Envelope in Assembly of Light-Harvesting Complexes in the Chloroplast: Distribution of Lhcp between Chloroplast and Vacuoles during Chloroplast Development in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The formation of thylakoid membranes during chloroplast development is crucial for support of the biosphere and remains a major question in plant cell biology. Biogenesis of functional photosystems involves assembly of light-harvesting complexes (LHCI and LHCII) and their association with PSI and PSII core complexes. We focused on assembly of LHCII as a means to probe for the context in which biogenesis of the membrane occurs. LHCPs, the apoproteins of LHCII, are the major proteins of the membrane and thereby provide a strong signal for analytical studies. These proteins are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes as precursors, imported into the chloroplast, and processed by proteases in the stroma. The following are likely events leading to interaction of LHCPs with pigments. Photoreduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) by light-dependent NADPH:Pchlide oxido-reductase (POR) produces chlorophyllide a (Chlide a). Binding of Pchlide to POR apparently causes release of Chlide [1]. The site at which this reaction occurs has not been established, but POR is an integral membrane protein in C. reinhardtii and possibly resides in the envelope. Fluorescence of Chlide a is quenched within seconds after release from the enzyme [2], which may result from interaction with xanthophylls in the membrane environment. Chlide a is esterified with geranylgeranyl (GG) diphosphate and normally reduced to the phytyl ester. During rapid greening of C. reinhardtii y1 cells at 38°C, however, incorporation of Chl into LHCII precludes substantial reduction of the side-chain [3]. Because lutein--the major xanthophyll in LHCII--is abundant in greening cells, assembly of LHCII under these conditions appears to be limited by synthesis of Chl.
American Cancer Society (ACS) clinical trial matching service (CTMS)

18501 Background: The low prevalence of clinical trial participation limits progress in clinical research and practice. ACS assists individuals in finding trials appropriate to their medical and pe...
Immunoassay of Human Insulin and Growth Hormone Simultaneously Using 1-131 and 1-125 Tracers.

Summary1-125 growth hormone and I-131-insulin were utilized in a simultaneous two-antibody immunoassay procedure. Results obtained by simultaneous assay were equivalent to those obtained by assay of each hormone separately.
Weighting of Facial Grading Variables to Disfigurement in Facial Palsy

ImportanceA universal, health care professional-graded scale for facial assessment would be a useful tool for reporting, comparing, and assessing facial function among patients with facial paralysi...
Culturally Competent Care of the Transgender Patient

Despite significant strides made for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals over the past decades, discrimination and misinformation still exist in many areas of society, including health care. While the LGBT community is often thought of as a monolithic group, the transgender population faces a unique set of concerns. Transgender patients, whose gender identity differs from their birth gender, face a multitude of medical, legal, and societal disparities. A need for greater provider education and awareness contributes to a lack of access for a patient population that is already at higher risk for violence, suicide, substance abuse, and discrimination. This chapter presents a basic framework of concepts relative to the transgender community and provides strategies for effective and appropriate care.
Analysis on Causes of Tuberculosis Patients and Suspects Failing to CDC in Yunnan

Objective To explore the influencing factors on the reported tuberculosis(TB)patients and suspects failing to the CDC(Center for Disease Control and Prevention)in Yunnan province.Methods Twelve counties were selected in the study.A cross-sectional study was conducted on tuberculosis patients and suspects during September to November 2006 using questionnaires.Single-factor and multi-factor analysis were performed.Results A totle of 634 patients(including TB patients and suspects)were reported.560(male 71.6%,female 28.4%)had come to hospital for diagnosis and treatment.Sex,degree of education and marital status had no influence on the rate of TB patients coming to CDC for diagnosis and treatment(P0.05).But patients whether knowing free treating poliey of TB,forms of medical insurance and whether doctors informed patients free treating poliey of TB significantly influenced the arrival rate.Conclusions The influencing factors on TB patients coming to CDC for diagnosis and treatment are as follows: forms of medical insurance,whether knowing free treating policy of TB and whether doctors informed patients free treating policy of TB.County level CDC should be integrated into one of the listed bodies of medical insurance and rural cooperative medical service.At the same time,we have to strengthen management and intervention on all levels of medical institutions.
Survey on Infection Status of HIV and Syphilis among MSMs in Xuchang City

[Objective]To understand the high risk behavior and related infection status of HIV and syphilis among men who have sex with men(MSM),and provide scientific evidence for targeted prevention and control of AIDS among MSM. [Methods]A anonymous investigation was applied in target objects with the snowball method,and their blood samples were gathered to take serological detection of HIV and syphilis. [Results]The awareness rate of HIV among MSM group was 80.73%(176/218),the number of homosexual partners in MSM group in recent 6 months was 2.3 in average,25.86% of them maintained 1 sexual partner.Only 16.39% used condom for homosexual buggery each time in recent 6 months,44.26% used condom in the last sexual behavior.The positive rate of HIV antibody and syphilis RPR was 3.67% and 10.09% respectively. [Conclusion]The high-risk behaviors of more sexual partners,low condom use are common among MSM group in Xuchang City,Only a little of intervention services were obtained,The infection rates of HIV and syphilis are high.The strengthening of high-risk behavior intervention efforts and promotion of" knowledge-information-behavior" among this group needs to be implemented urgently.
Polarized Emission and the Discovery of New Magnetic CVs

Recent quasar surveys have identified several new magnetic cataclysmic variables accreting at remarkably low rates, ~10 −13 M ⊙ yr −1 . The new discoveries raise questions regarding selection effects that may influence the current sample and the traditional evolutionary conclusions that have been drawn. This paper reviews the techniques that have been used to identify polars, including a summary of the optical polarization as a function of accretion rate and magnetic field strength. The new, low- ṁ systems accrete without a shock and cooling is dominated by optical cyclotron emission in very well-defined harmonics. These binaries, which have been found to accrete at far below the rate corresponding to angular momentum loss by gravitational radiation, also appear to contain unusually cool white dwarfs, suggesting that they are either at an advanced age or in unusual evolutionary states.
St Patrick’s Purgatory and the Performance of Pilgrimage

Victor and Edith Turner’s book Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture (1978) is considered to be the most influential text in the anthropological work that connects pilgrimage with meaning in culture.1 Interestingly, the Turners chose the Irish pilgrimage of St Patrick’s Purgatory at Lough Derg in County Donegal as a particular field of study, additionally making numerous references to the pilgrimage to Croagh Patrick in County Mayo. Lough Derg is classified as an archaic site because evidence exists to prove that it has survived as a sacred destination through a variety of religious practices and traditions. As a result of the adaptability of its spiritual significance Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture asserts that Lough Derg, and other places like it, allows the pilgrim to make connections between contemporary experience and a perceived connection with persistent ideas and ideals of the more ancient and perceivably numinous past.
MAP Kinase Signaling in Learning and Memory

The MAPKs are a family of serine/threonine kinases, consisting of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-jun N-terminal kinase. These protein kinases are activated in response to growth factors, neurotransmitters, and stressful stimuli and have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes such as gene expression, growth, differentiation, and cell survival. In recent years, the role of ERK has been examined in various forms of synaptic plasticity in several species. One emerging theme from these studies is that ERK activity is required for long-term, but not short-term, plasticity and memory. Although the mechanisms by which ERK facilitates long-term memory are yet to be fully appreciated, influences on synaptic transmission, gene expression, protein synthesis, and morphological changes have been ascribed. Recently, the genetic basis for some syndromes associated with mental retardation has been identified as mutations in the genes encoding components of the ERK cascade, further supporting a role for this kinase in memory.
The prudent person's paradox.

We can all name a number of people—friends, family, and patients among them—who, despite conscientious effort on their part and the achievement of what for all intents and purposes appears to be a “normal” risk factor profile, experience an acute coronary event. The “Prudent Person’s
On the Equivocation Region of Relay Channels with Orthogonal Components

We consider the secrecy rate of a relay network where an eavesdropper is co-located with the relay node. This exemplifies a scenario where the relay node is not malicious by nature, but is located in an "untrusted region", and hence is potentially compromised. Given that the aim now is to keep the relay node completely oblivious to the information sent from the source to the destination, an interesting question is whether the relay node should be deployed at all. We investigate this question for two types of relay networks with orthogonal components. For the first model, we find the equivocation capacity region and prove the relay node should not be deployed. For the second model, we present an achievable secrecy rate based on compress-and-forward, and conclude that the relay node is potentially useful as it can, without being able to decode the source data, facilitate secret communication between the source and the destination that would not be possible without the relay.
Putting sense of place at the centre of place brand development

Developing a place brand involves highlighting the distinctive attributes of a place that could be used to enhance its attractiveness. This study is in line with recent literature where the concept of place identity is being replaced by sense of place, which provides an holistic view of a place by integrating all users’ experiences and feelings. Through a qualitative study involving 31 individual interviews with users and meetings with managers of a French coastal area, this paper proposes a five-dimensional definition of sense of place and its use as a tool for developing a place brand in 3 ways: defining the place brand concept, bringing together the internal stakeholders and invoving users in brand building.