cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Redesigning an advanced embedded systems course: A step towards interdisciplinary engineering education

With rapid advancements and popularity of embedded devices in the digital systems market, undergraduate students in various majors, specifically computer engineering, computer science, electrical engineering, computer engineering technology, and electrical engineering technology, have shown increased interest in learning more about embedded computing systems. Typically, students accumulate knowledge of computing systems through introductory courses that focus on computer arithmetic, microcontroller-based design and computer organization. This paper presents experiences from teaching and redesigning an advanced embedded systems course that integrates various hardware and software concepts to accommodate the needs of interdisciplinary engineering education.
Further evidence for enigmas in adaptation mechanisms for the DOI-induced behaviors.

The acute and chronic effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2/1C (5-HT2/1C) receptor agonist (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and the antagonist ketanserin were evaluated on the DOI-induced 5-HT2 receptor-mediated ear-scratch response (ESR) in mice. A challenge dose of DOI (2.5 mg/kg) administered 24 h following its first injection reduced the ESR frequency by 80–97%. The ESR score attained first injection value when the time lag between the first and the second injection was greater than 72 h. On the other hand, a single administration of ketanserin (1.0 mg/kg) caused no significant effect at 24 or 48 h but significantly reduced (51%, p < 0.05) the DOI-induced ESR 120 h following its injection. Chronic once-daily DOI injections reduced the ESR score by 80–97% throughout the treatment regimen. Following cessation from chronic treatment, the DOI-induced ESR frequency returned to control levels in a time-dependent manner. Repeated ketanserin administration significantly reduced the DOI-induced ESR score by 46% when tested 24 or 48 h following cessation of antagonist administration but had no effect at 78 h. Recently, we reported that 48 h following either a single DOI injection or termination from repeated DOI or ketanserin administration the DOI-induced head-twitch response (HTR) in mice exhibited supersensitivity. Thus, it appears that the DOI-induced behaviors exhibit differential adaptation mechanisms following either agonist or antagonist exposure. These studies further support our hypothesis that serotonergic drugs may have the ability to change independently the 5-HT-receptor sensitivity (signal transduction) and receptor density in the same or opposite directions. The present study also suggest that the DOI-induced behaviors are probably produced via stimulation of two receptors (5-HT2 and 5-HT1C). However, due to lack of selective agents one cannot designate a particular behavior for a specific receptor site.
Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Dinitramide at Moderate and High Temperatures

Temperature-controlled gas cell and thin film laser pyrolysis techniques have been used to investigate the condensed phase thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide (ADN). Gas cell experiments have been performed at heating rates of 10-2−10-1 °C s-1 and in a temperature region 20−250 °C. Pulsed CO2 laser heating of thin ADN films has allowed heating rates of 107 °C s-1 and temperatures of about 630 °C to be reached. The thermal decomposition products have been monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. Both experimental techniques show that the primary decomposition products are N2O and NO2. Nitric oxide is produced at a later stage in the reaction. No evidence has been found for participation of dinitramidic acid in the reaction mechanism. The fact that the same initial products are observed over a wide range of temperatures and heating rates shows that this mechanism can be used to model the initial stages of combustion of ADN.
Left main coronary artery stenosis as a late complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Angiographic restenosis at the site of a previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA] occurs in 13 to 47% of patients, usually within the first 3 to 9 months after PTCA.1 Stenosis at a site proximal to a previously dilated segment is very rare but it can be catastrophic if it involves the left main (LM) coronary artery. We describe the course and management of a patient who developed critical LM coronary artery stenosis 5 months after PTCA of a proximal lesion in the ramus intermedius artery and who presented with unstable angina.
In Vivo Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging for Direct Infusion Into Rat Peripheral Nerve

Direct infusion, or convection-enhanced delivery (CED), into peripheral nerves may provide a method for delivering substances to the intrathecal space or specific fiber bundles entering the spinal cord. To better understand this potential delivery technique, we have characterized the extracellular transport of macromolecular agents from peripheral nerves to the spinal cord in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies. High-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 11.1 T was used to monitor and characterize in vivo the extracellular transport dynamics of Gd-DTPA–albumin tracer during CED into rat sciatic nerves. Extracellular tracers followed peripheral nerves towards the spinal cord and at vertebral levels L4 and L5 appeared to enter the cerebrospinal fluid and nerve roots. Uptake directly into spinal cord tissues (white and gray matter) appeared to be limited. Spatial distribution patterns within spinal cord regions depended on CED factors, including cannula placement, and underlying tissue structures including peripheral nerve branching and membrane structures at nerve root entry. The applied MR techniques allowed for visualization and quantification of tracer spread and distribution within the rat spinal cord region. The results show that CED into peripheral nerves provides an alternative route for delivering therapeutics to nerve roots and the intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord.
A Three Degree of Freedom Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model for the Design of a Fully Compliant Bistable Micromechanism

A three degree-of-freedom (3DOF) Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model (PRBM) has been developed and used in the design of a new class of Self-Retracting Fully compliant Bistable Micromechanism, or SRFBM. The SRFBM provides small-displacement linear travel bistability and is suitable for low-power microswitching applications. The design process involved a combination of single and multiple degree-of-freedom PRBM and finite element models to quickly proceed from a rigid-body concept to fully compliant fabrication-ready geometry. The 3DOF model presented here was developed to more accurately model the behavior of the tensural pivots—a new class of compliant segment used to avoid combined compressive loading of flexible segments. Four SRFBM designs were fabricated and tested for bistability, on-chip actuation, critical force, and fatigue tests. These tests validate the models used in the design process and demonstrate the functionality and reliability of the SRFBM.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Poster session. Internet curriculum. two courses: introductory and advanced

We describe two courses that deal with the Internet. One is an introductory course with no prerequisites and the other is more advanced and focuses on providing Web services.
Mass spectrometry for proteomics

Mass spectrometry has been widely used to analyze biological samples and has evolved into an indispensable tool for proteomics research. Our desire to understand the proteome has led to new technologies that push the boundary of mass spectrometry capabilities, which in return has allowed mass spectrometry to address an ever-increasing array of biological questions. The recent development of a novel mass spectrometer (Orbitrap) and new dissociation methods such as electron-transfer dissociation has made possible the exciting new areas of proteomic application. Although bottom-up proteomics (analysis of proteolytic peptide mixtures) remains the workhorse for proteomic analysis, middle-down and top-down strategies (analysis of longer peptides and intact proteins, respectively) should allow more complete characterization of protein isoforms and post-translational modifications. Finally, stable isotope labeling strategies have transformed mass spectrometry from merely descriptive to a tool for measuring dynamic changes in protein expression, interaction, and modification.
Toward a hierarchical model of criminal thinking: evidence from item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Item response theory (IRT) methods were applied to items from the 80-item Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS; G. D. Walters, 1995) to determine how well they measure the latent trait of criminal thinking in a group of 2,872 male medium security prison inmates. Preliminary analyses revealed that the 64 PICTS thinking style items, 32 PICTS proactive criminal thinking items, and 24 PICTS reactive criminal thinking items were sufficiently unidimensional to meet the local independence requirements of IRT. The PICTS was fitted to a 2-parameter logistic-graded response IRT model, the results of which showed that the 8 items measuring denial of harm (Sentimentality) displayed weak discrimination (a 1.0). Information function analysis revealed that all 3 components of a hierarchical model of criminal thinking--PICTS total scale, PICTS proactive factor, and PICTS reactive factor--displayed greater precision at higher rather than lower levels of the trait dimension. The study findings indicate that items from the PICTS Sentimentality scale do a poor job of measuring general criminal thinking, whereas items from the other 7 PICTS thinking style scales provide their most precise estimates at the upper end of the trait dimension.
Actin-Latrunculin A Structure and Function DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION OF ACTIN-BINDING PROTEIN FUNCTION BY LATRUNCULIN A

Latrunculin A is used extensively as an agent to sequester monomeric actin in living cells. We hypothesize that additional activities of latrunculin A may be important for its biological activity. Our data are consistent with the formation of a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.2 to 0.4 micrometer and provide no evidence that the actin-latrunculin A complex participates in the elongation of actin filaments. Profilin and latrunculin A bind independently to actin, whereas binding of thymosin beta(4) to actin is inhibited by latrunculin A. Potential implications of this differential effect on actin-binding proteins are discussed. From a structural perspective, if latrunculin A binds to actin at a site that sterically influences binding by thymosin beta(4), then the observation that latrunculin A inhibits nucleotide exchange on actin implies an allosteric effect on the nucleotide binding cleft. Alternatively, if, as previously postulated, latrunculin A binds in the nucleotide cleft of actin, then its ability to inhibit binding by thymosin beta(4) is a surprising result that suggests that significant allosteric changes affect the thymosin beta(4) binding site. We show that latrunculin A and actin form a crystalline structure with orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and diffraction to 3.10 A. A high resolution structure with optimized crystallization conditions should provide insight regarding these remarkable allosteric properties.
Actuator and sensor placement for structural testing and control

Abstract In this paper, the actuator and sensor locations of a structural test item are selected as a replacement of the disturbance inputs and the performance outputs of a real structure. The most straightforward approach is to place sensors in the areas of performance evaluation, and actuators in the areas of disturbance action. However, this solution is rarely possible due to technical and economical reasons. Therefore, the actuators and sensors need to be placed in preselected regions, and should duplicate as close as possible the disturbance action and the performance measurements. In this paper a placement problem with non-collocated actuators and disturbances, as well as non-collocated performance and sensor outputs is solved. The solution is determined by locating sensors (actuators) such that the Hankel singular value vector of a structure from actuator inputs to sensor outputs is closely correlated with the Hankel singular value vector of the structure from the disturbance inputs to performance outputs. It is shown that this approach improves additionally the cross-coupling between actuators and performance, and between disturbances and the sensors, thus improving overall closed loop performance. The method is illustrated with the determination of sensors of a truss structure, where two selected sensors replaced an original set of 36 sensors.
Quantum-mechanical treatment of the electronic structure and geometry of hydrogen cyanide dimer.

Abstract Experiments used to develop theories of chemical evolution seem to indicate that hydrogen cyanide, HCN, was an important molecule in prebiotic synthesis. In particular, polymerization products of hydrogen cyanide have been found to yield polypeptides upon hydrolysis. The proposed key intermediate in prebiotic synthesis is the aminocyanocarbene isomer of the dimer, either as a 1,3 biradical or as a dipolar singlet structure. Since this molecule has never been successfully isolated and characterized, a quantum mechanical study of various structures of the dieter is carried out using the INDO method. The results indicate that the lowest energy isomer is the iminoacetonitrile, with the aminocyanocarbene being next lowest. The triplet and singlet energy surfaces of the aminocyanocarbene intersect, so that for some geometries the singlet is lower in energy than the triplet, for others the reverse is true. The minima of both surfaces correspond to the linear configuration, with slightly different bond lengths. The triplet state minimum is 8·8 kcal/mol lower in energy than the singlet minimum. The calculated spin density distribution for the ground state of the carbene can be qualitatively described as a 1,3 biradical, in agreement with the early proposal of Kliss & Matthews. The charge distribution of the singlet at its minimum energy geometry was also calculated. We found the charge separation to be less than that proposed for the dipolar structure of Moser et al. These calculations indicate that while the lowest energy isomer is the iminoacetonitrile, the aminocyanocarbene, the lowest-energy triplet, does have the appropriate spin distribution in its ground state for the biradical polymerization proposed in the theory of chemical evolution of Kliss & Matthews. Experiments are suggested to determine the nature of the HCN polymerization mechanism, especially in the gas phase. By application of standard techniques used in polymer science, the nature of the gas phase polymerization of HCN can be determined, and the role of such reactions in chemical evolution can be better understood.
New developments in polysaccharide chemistry

Water soluble polysaccharides are used broadly and in large amounts by food and nonfood industries. These polymers are plant exodates, seaweed extracts, plant extracts, seed endosperms, modified starches and cellulose, and biosynthetics. They may be neutral or anionic through their content of carboxyl or sulfate half-ester groups. They may be linear or branched but their usefulness depends upon their causing large rheological or other physical effects at low concentrations. They are used mainly to improve viscosity, suspension stability, emulsification, flocculation or emolliency. Their use is increasing each year and the trend is toward use of agricultural or biosynthetic gums or starch and cellulose derivatives.
Intersubband Transitions in In x Ga 1- x As/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Wells for Long Wavelength Infrared Detection

We report on intersubband transitions in In x Ga1-x As/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The conduction band offset for this material system is larger than that of the well known GaAs/AlGaAs system, thus making it possible to design, grow, and fabricate quantum well infrared photodetectors operational beyond the 14 μm spectral region with minimized dark current. We have grown In x Ga1-x As/AlGaAs MQWs with indium compositions ranging from x = 0.08 to 0.20 verified by in situ RHEED oscillations, band offset measurements, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Band-to-band transitions were verified by photoluminescence measurements, and intersubband transitions were measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Due to the high strain and introduction of dislocations associated with the high indium content, wells with indium compositions above ∼ 0.12 did not result in intersubband transitions at silicon doping levels of 2×1018 cm-3. A thick linear graded In x Ga1-x As buffer was grown below the MQW structures to reduce the strain and resulting dislocations. Intersubband transitions were measured in In x Ga1-x As wells with indium compositions of x = 0.20 and greater when grown on top of the linear graded buffer. In addition to these results, FTIR measurements on InGaAs/AlGaAs MQW multi-color, long-wavelength infrared detector structures are reported.
Btk Plays a Crucial Role in the Amplification of Fc epsilonRI-mediated Mast Cell Activation by Kit

Stem cell factor (SCF) acts in synergy with antigen to enhance the calcium signal, degranulation, activation of transcription factors, and cytokine production in human mast cells. However, the underlying mechanisms for this synergy remain unclear. Here we show, utilizing bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from Btk and Lyn knock-out mice, that activation of Btk via Lyn plays a key role in promoting synergy. As in human mast cells, SCF enhanced degranulation and cytokine production in BMMCs. In Btk-/- BMMCs, in which there was a partial reduction in the capacity to degranulate in response to antigen, SCF was unable to enhance the residual antigen-mediated degranulation. Furthermore, as with antigen, the ability of SCF to promote cytokine production was abrogated in the Btk-/- BMMCs. The impairment of responses in Btk-/- cells correlated with an inability of SCF to augment phospholipase Cγ1 activation and calcium mobilization, and to phosphorylate NFκB and NFAT for cytokine gene transcription in these cells. Similar studies with Lyn-/- and Btk-/-/Lyn-/- BMMCs indicated that Lyn was a regulator of Btk for these responses. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that Btk is a key regulator of a Kit-mediated amplification pathway that augments FcϵRI-mediated mast cell activation.
Effect of the silica support of bonded reversed-phase columns on chromatography of some antibiotic compounds

Abstract Chromatographic behavior of three types of antibiotics was investigated on bonded C 18 and polymeric reversed-phase columns. With penicillins with carboxylic acid functions only, retention and separations on the two types of columns were similar. β-Lactam antibiotics with basic functions did not give as sharp peaks on the C 18 column unless a silanol blocking agent, tetramethyl ammonium chloride (TMA) was added. In 0.01 M orthophosphoric acid-acetonitrile, tetracyclines were separated on the polymeric reversed-phase columns, but not on the C 18 columns. With addition of TMA, results on C 18 and polymeric reversed-phase columns were nearly identical. Addition of an ion pair also improved separations on the C 18 columns, but not as much as TMA. Interaction with the silica support of C 18 columns was used to separate tylosin from interferences in extracts of biological materials. The results demonstrate the importance of interactions with the silica support in chromatography of basic antibiotics on C 18 packings. These interactions can be either beneficial or detrimental to separations, depending on the conditions used.
Heegner Divisors and Nonholomorphic Modular Forms

We consider an embedded modular curve in a locally symmetric space M attached to an orthogonal group of signature (p, 2) and associate to it a nonholomorphic elliptic modular form by integrating a certain theta function over the modular curve. We compute the Fourier expansion and identify the generating series of the (suitably defined) intersection numbers of the Heegner divisors in M with the modular curve as the holomorphic part of the modular form. This recovers and generalizes parts of work of Hirzebruch and Zagier.
A lownoise 665 GHz SIS quasi-particle waveguide receiver

Recent results on a 565-690 GHz SIS heterodyne receiver employing a 0.36 micron(sup 2) Nb/AlOx/Nb SIS tunnel junction with high quality circular non-contacting back short and E-plane tuners in a full height wave guide mount are reported. No resonant tuning structures were incorporated in the junction design at this time, even though such structures are expected to help the performance of the receiver. The receiver operates to at least the gap frequency of Niobium, approximately 680 GHz. Typical receiver noise temperatures from 565-690 GHz range from 160K to 230K with a best value of 185K DSB at 648 GHz. With the mixer cooled from 4.3K to 2K the measured receiver noise temperatures decreased by approximately 15 percent, giving roughly 180K DSB from 660 to 680 GHz. The receiver has a full 1 GHz IF pass band and was successfully installed at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in Hawaii.
Do dimensional psychopathology measures relate to creative achievement or divergent thinking

Previous research provides disparate accounts of the putative association between creativity and psychopathology, including schizotypy, psychoticism, hypomania, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorders. To examine these association, healthy, non-clinical participants completed several psychopathology-spectrum measures, often postulated to associate with creativity: the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Psychoticism scale, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5, the Hypomanic Personality Scale, the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. The goal of Study 1 was to evaluate the factor structure of these dimensional psychopathology measures and, in particular, to evaluate the case for a strong general factor(s). None of the factor solutions between 1 and 10 factors provided a strong fit with the data based on the most commonly used metrics. The goal of Study 2 was to determine whether these psychopathology scales predict, independently, two measures of creativity: 1. a measure of participants’ real-world creative achievements, and 2. divergent thinking, a laboratory measure of creative cognition. After controlling for academic achievement, psychoticism and hypomania reliably predicted real-world creative achievement and divergent thinking scored with the consensual assessment technique. None of the psychopathology-spectrum scales reliably predicted divergent thinking scored with the manual scoring method. Implications for the potential links between several putative creative processes and risk factors for psychopathology are discussed.
Measurement of strain heat in shock-loaded 304 stainless steel: Implications to powder consolidation

Over the past decades there have been numerous papers on the shock response of materials and more specifically towards metal powder compaction and consolidation. In general, the shock process for powdered materials has utilized the traditional pressure-volume shock relationships proportioned to the initial packing densities of the powders. However, this approach and its resulting data are in controversy due to the lack of knowledge of its associated particle strain and strain temperature uncertainties. This paper will describe the current understanding as well as the experimental technique used to obtain the shock response for distended materials. The above parameters are described within a pressure-strain-temperature interdependence. It was found that the experimentally measured strain heat was not only a function of initial packing density but also a function of powder size and distribution.
Ruthenium-tin complexes from the reaction of HSnPh3 with Ru3(CO)10(NCMe)2 and their reactions with bis(tri-t-butylphosphine)platinum

Abstract The compounds Ru3(CO)9(SnPh3)2(NCMe)(μ-H)2 (1), Ru3(CO)10(SnPh3)2(μ-H)2 (2), Ru(CO)4(SnPh3)2 (3) and Ru(CO)4(SnPh3)(H) (4) were obtained from the reaction of Ru3(CO)10(NCMe)2 with HSnPh3 in hexane solvent. Compounds 1, 3 and the new compound Ru3(CO)7(SnPh3)3(NCMe)2(μ-H)3 (5) were obtained from reaction of Ru3(CO)10(NCMe)2 with HSnPh3 in a CH2Cl2 and MeCN solvent mixture. Compound 2 and the new compound Ru3(CO)9(SnPh3)3(μ-H)3 (6) were obtained from reactions of 1 and 5 with CO, respectively. Compounds 2 and 6 eliminated benzene when heated to yield Ru3(CO)10(μ-SnPh2)2 (7) and Ru3(CO)9(μ-SnPh2)3 (8) which contain bridging SnPh2 ligands. Compound 7 was found to react with Pt ( PBu 3 t ) 2 to yield the bis-Pt ( PBu 3 t ) adduct, Pt 2 Ru 3 ( CO ) 10 ( PBu 3 t ) 2 ( μ 3 - SnPh 2 ) 2 (9) in 59% yield by the addition of Pt ( PBu 3 t ) groups to two of the Ru–Sn bonds to the bridging SnPh2 ligands. Fenske–Hall molecular orbital calculations were performed to provide an understanding of the metal–metal bonding in the clusters of 7 and 9. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 9 were characterized structurally by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Axial Dichloroplatinum(IV) Cisplatin Analogues: Crystal Structure of an Axial Dichloro Complex [Pt(cis-1,4-DACH)(trans-Cl2)(CBDCA)]·1/2MeOH

New axial dichloroplatinum(IV) cisplatin analogues of the type [Pt(1,4-DACH)(trans-Cl2)LL] (where 1,4-DACH = cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane and LL = 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato (CBDCA), oxalato, malonato, methylmalonato, or tartronato ligand) with 1,4-DACH as a carrier ligand have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of [Pt(cis-1,4-DACH)(trans-Cl2)(CBDCA)]·1/2MeOH has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
Experimental Measurements and Numerical Modeling for the Air-Mist Cooling of a Heated Cylinder

Experimental measurements and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of mist on the spray heat transfer and fluid dynamics in the cooling of a low-carbon steel cylindrical surface heated to the nucleate boiling temperature range. Multiple tests are performed to investigate the effect of the droplet size, and liquid-to-air loading on the spray heat transfer along the circumference of the annulus cylinder. Infrared imaging is used to capture the effect of the spray flow conditions on the droplets transportation process around the heated cylinder. A computational fluid dynamics model is also developed to simulate the spray transportation process, droplets impaction and evaporation over the cylinder surface. The model takes into consideration droplet-to-surface interaction and water-film accumulation on the surface. Simulation results show the wetting of the cylinder depends on the droplet size and liquid-to-air loading. The smaller the droplets, the closer to the surface they remain. For high liquid-to-air loadings and high air velocities, droplet wetting of the cylinder back surface dramatically increases due to the increase in the flow turbulence. An overall good agreement is observed between the experimental measurements, numerical simulations and the thermal images. The results of this study shall lead to a better understanding of the multiphase heat transfer enhancement that plays an important role in the design of heat exchangers using multiphase cooling.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Cultivation of Pseudocohnilembus persalinus in Axenic Medium

SYNOPSIS. Bacteria can be eliminated from protozoan cultures by adding a bacterium supplanting those difficult to destroy, if the added bacterium can be easily eliminated. Pseudocohnilembus persalinus was cultivated axenically in a simple medium containing peptones, nucleic acid extract, and vitamins. Growth was stimulated by saturated or unsaturated fatty acids.
A novel node-based structural shape optimization algorithm

Abstract A novel, node-based shape optimization method is developed for planar structures based on the consideration that the critical stress and displacement constraints are generally located along or near the structural boundary. The proposed method puts the maximum weights on the selected boundary nodes, referred to as the design points, so that the time-consuming sensitivity analysis is based on the perturbation of only these nodes. The method also allows large shape changes to achieve the optimal shape. The design variables are specified as the moving magnitudes for the prescribed design points that are always located at the structural boundary.
Analyticity in mass variables and Lorentz poles in arbitrary-mass scattering

Abstract We demonstrate that if the scattering amplitude for spinless particles with arbitrary masses is analytic in t , m 1 2 − m 2 2 and m 3 2 − m 4 2 and is dominated by a family of Regge poles with factorizable residues, then it is given by a single Lorenta pole at t = 0.
Superior Vena Cava Bypass With Cryopreserved Ascending Aorta Allograft

Initially superior vena cava obstruction is typically managed by an endovascular approach. However, in some patients, particularly those in whom angioplasty and stenting is not technically possible, or those who have recurrent disease after previous endovascular repair, an open surgical approach may be indicated. Conduit choices for caval reconstruction are less than ideal; hence we describe a case using a cryopreserved aortic allograft.
Cultural Event as a Territorial Marketing Tool: The Case of the Ravello Festival on the Italian Amalfi Coast

In a destination management approach, territorial marketing policies to make a territory attractive are increasingly establishing on the supply of cultural events. These cultural initiatives are able to strengthen the local identity and to enhance the distinctive resources, both tangible and intangible, of an area. This article analyzes the event Ravello Festival as a tool of territorial marketing to increase the competitiveness of the Amalfi Coast and Ravello, becoming a distinctive symbol of the territory. The article first focuses on Ravello Festival, examining its history, management, and supply system. Ravello as tourist destination product in which Ravello Festival and the local resources are considered the fundamental elements is subsequently examined. Finally, the article considers the Ravello Festival's strengths, highlighting their coherence with the development strategy of Ravello. In conclusion, the strategic role of Ravello Festival is emphasized, as a quality event able to promote Ravello as...
The mitogenic activity of human breast milk.

Abstract There are constituents of breast milk that make it superior to cows milk for the nutrition, health, and development of human infants. We have discovered a new activity in breast milk. We have found in human breast milk a mitogen that stimulates DNA synthesis and induces division in cells grown in culture. This mitogenic activity is concentration dependent and also depends on time since lactation. No similar mitogenic activity is found in commercially available formulas or cows milk 1 week after birthing. The human milk mitogen might be involved in the growth and development of cells in the neonate or in the growth of cells in the mammary gland.
Prevalence of alpha 1-antitrypsin Pi types among newborn infants of different ethnic backgrounds

alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes were determined in cord sera of 1,010 healthy term infants of black, white and Hispanic background, by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis technique of Fagerhol and Laurell. Among the black group, M prevalence (97%) was higher than among the Hispanic group (88%). MS prevalance in the Hispanic group (6.7%) was higher than among black (1.5%) or white (3.9%) infants. Among those with an M pattern a "step" variant representing a shift of the relative amounts of protein in the major peaks of the M pattern, was found in 96% of neonates, but only among 9.8% of infants one months to two years of age and 18% among children two to ten years of age, regardless of race. Quantitative values of alpha 1-antitrypsin were not decreased among MS and MZ infants.
Behavioral and neurochemical mechanisms of opioid-antidepressant interactions.

Abstract Twelve pigeons key-pecked under a multiple variable interval 15-s, 150-s schedule of food reinforcement. The effects of methadone were studied alone and in combination with chronic daily administration of either imipramine (IMI) or desipramine (DMI). Chronic IMI was also given following reductions in response rates by unsignalled delay-to-reinforcement (UDR). Acute administration of methadone produced dose-dependent reductions in response rates under both schedules of reinforcement. Chronic daily administration of IMI or DMI alone did not result in lasting changes in baseline responding. When administered in combination, chronic daily IMI significantly attenuated the rate-reducing effects of methadone, whereas neither a low nor a high dose of chronic daily DMI was effective. The same dose of chronic daily IMI failed to ameliorate response rate reductions under delayed reinforcement. The behavioral and neurochemical specificity of the antidepressant effect is discussed.
Structural Characterization of Site-Specific N-Glycosylation of Recombinant Human Factor VIII by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The present study addresses the site occupancy and the site-specific carbohydrate microheterogeneity of N-linked oligosaccharides in recombinant human factor VIII, expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The four factor VIIIa polypeptides, formed upon incubation with human thrombin, were isolated and separately subjected to proteolysis with trypsin. These tryptic digests were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Selected ion monitoring of diagnostic carbohydrate ions was utilized to identify glycopeptide-containing chromatographic peaks. Oligomannose and complex carbohydrates were detected at the glycosylation sites of the 50 and the 73 kDa polypeptides, while all the oligosaccharides identified on the B-domain were complex-type structures. Only the 43 kDa polypeptide was found nonglycosylated. These studies established a biantennary core-fucosylated carbohydrate as the major substituent, consistent with the conclusions of the analy...
Service-oriented architecture and business process choreography in an order management scenario: rationale, concepts, lessons learned

Effective and affordable business-to-business process integration is a key success factor in the telecommunications industry. A large telecommunication wholesaler, supplying its services to more than 150 different service retailers, enhanced the process integration capabilities of its core order management system through widespread use of SOA, business process choreography and Web services concepts. This core order management system processes 120 different complex order types.On this project, challenging requirements such as complexity of business process models and multi-channel accessibility turned out to be true proof points for the applied SOA concepts, tools, and runtime environments. To implement an automated and secured business-to-business Web services channel and to introduce a process choreography layer into a large existing application were two of the key requirements that had to be addressed. The solution complies with the Web Services Interoperability Basic Profile 1.0 and makes use of executable business process models defined in the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL).This paper discusses the rationale behind the decision for SOA, process choreography, and Web services, and gives an overview of the BPEL-centric process choreography architecture. Furthermore, it features lessons learned and best practices identified during design, implementation, and rollout of the solution.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS UNDER STATIC LOADING IN THE DIAMOND ANVIL CELL

Strength properties of materials under static and dynamic loading are essential quantities for characterizing mechanical behavior. Quantitative measurements of static strengths achieved in the diamond anvil cell can be made using x‐ray diffraction in a radial geometry for samples under non‐hydrostatic compression. Results for several metals up to 68 GPa show that the ratio of yield strength to shear modulus ranges from 0.01–0.03 and increases weakly with compression. Trends at lower pressure for Re, W, and e‐Fe are consistent with available data above 1 Mbar. Strong ceramics such as B6O, c‐Si3N4, and TiB2 achieve yield strengths as large at 10% of the shear modulus at pressures up to ∼70 GPa. Strengths of materials used as pressure media are quantitatively compared and evaluated.
Discrete Magnetic Laplacian

We consider a 2-dimensional discrete operator which we call the Discrete Magnetic Laplacian (DML); it is an analogue of the magnetic Schrodinger operator. It follows from well known arguments that DML has the same spectrum (as a subset inR) as the Almost Mathieu operator (AM). They also have the same Integrated Density of States (IDS) which is known to be continuous. We show that DML is an element in a II1-factor and its IDS can be expressed through the trace in the II1-factor. It follows that DML never has anyL2-eigenfunctions (i.e. has no point spectrum). Then we formulate a natural algebraic conjecture which implies that the spectrum of DML (hence the spectrum of AM) is a Cantor set.
Bridge the Gap!: What Can Work Design in Crowdwork Learn from Work Design Theories?

Integrating crowd-based systems to organizations is highly complex. A major of source of this complexity stems from the nature of organizational work design. Work design and configurations of work performance, in the traditional organizational model, are tightly woven into the structure and functions of organizations, whereas crowdwork leverages an undefined network of people without an organized managerial or hierarchical model. This paper examines work design theories in organizational studies with a view to exploring their potential for addressing the fundamental challenges of work design in organizational crowdwork. Drawing on review of extant literature on crowdwork and analysis of perspectives in work design theories, the paper outlines ways in which crowdsourcing research, on one hand, can interpret and utilize work design theories, and on the other, contribute to redesigning work design theories to keep pace with the important and rapid transformation of work from the traditional staffing paradigm to crowd and open models.
Characterization of the central body of the Azotobacter cyst.

Filar micrometer measurements of the central body during its conversion to the vegetative cell indicated an initial spherical body of about 1.7 microns in diameter. The central body first increases in diameter then elongates such that its length is 2–2.5 times the diameter. Central bodies supplemented with casein hydrolysate in addition to sucrose formed vegetative cells in only 8 hr instead of the usual 12. Central bodies were quite susceptible to lysis by EDTA-lysozyme or citrate-lysozyme, but relatively insensitive to citrate-EDTA or single employment of EDTA or citrate. Comparative electron microscopy of cysts and central bodies following sonication revealed little alteration in cysts but reduction of central bodies to cellular debris after only 2 min. Central bodies were resistant to bacteriophage adsorption at 0 hr and required about 4 hr incubation before adsorption could occur.
Teachers with LD Ongoing Negotiations with Discourses of Disability

The purpose of this study is to examine how 4 teachers with learning disabilities (LD) negotiate multiple, complex, and sometimes contradictory discourses of disabilities in constructing their own understandings of LD. We chose to study teachers with LD because of their unique access to at least 3 different sources of knowledge about LD: (a) professional discourses on disability, (b) mainstream cultural messages about LD, and (c) insights gained from their own life experience. We drew on aspects of critical discourse analysis and narrative inquiry for this investigation. Our findings indicate that participants draw on these discourses and on their teaching experience in various and complex ways to construct meaning about LD. In some instances, participants use the dominant discourses; at other times, they work to subvert these meanings. Yet, paradoxically, whether speaking with or against these meanings, their voices are inescapably engaging with authoritative discourses and cultural scripts surrounding disability.
A developmental study of facilitation by mnemonic instruction

Abstract First- and fourth-grade children, as well as adults, were given mnemonic instructions to image or to verbalize a sentence in order to study either a sentence or a noun pair provided aurally. Uninstructed control subjects also were included at each age level. A test of cued recall evaluated the amount of facilitation by mnemonic instruction in each of the groups. Both types of instruction enhanced children's memory, most notably when verbal pairs served as stimuli. However, whereas first graders under imagery instruction were inferior on pairs relative to sentence stimuli, fourth graders and adults recalled the two stimulus types equivalently. Also, whereas first graders performed at the same level on sentences and pairs under the verbalization instruction, fourth graders were superior on the pairs. These results indicate that greater requirements for subject-generated mediation to some degree penalized the younger subjects and benefited the older ones.
A stochastic model of turbulent mixing with chemical reaction: Nitric oxide formation in a plug-flow burner

A stochastic model of turbulent mixing has been developed for a reactor in which mixing is represented by n-body fluid particle interactions (n = 2, 3, ... 6). The model has been used to justify the assumption made in previous investigations of the role of turbulent mixing on burner generated thermal nitric oxide and carbon monoxide emissions that, for a simple plug flow reactor, composition nonuniformities can be described by a Gaussian distribution function in the local fuel: air equivalence ratio. Rate-limited upper and lower bounds of the nitric oxide produced by thermal fixation of molecular nitrogen and oxidation of organically bound fuel nitrogen are estimated on the basis of the stochastic model for a plug flow burner; these are compared with experimental measurements obtained using a laboratory burner operated over a wide range of test conditions; good agreement is obtained.
A novel inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine production (CNI-1493) reduces rodent post-hemorrhagic vasospasm

Cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating complication, yet despite multiple lines of investigation an effective treatment remains lacking. Cytokine-mediated inflammation has been implicated as a causative factor in the development of posthemorrhagic vasospasm. In previous experiments using the rat femoral artery model of vasospasm, we demonstrated that elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 are present after hemorrhage and that a polyclonal antibody against IL-6 is capable of attenuating experimental vasospasm. In the present study, we tested the ability of a novel selective proinflammatory cytokine inhibitor (CNI-1493) to protect against the occurrence of experimental vasospasm in the same rat femoral artery model. CNI-1493 was administered by injection directly into the blood-filled femoral pouches of animals at the time of their initial surgery (hemorrhage). Control animals received an equal volume of vehicle alone. Animals were killed at 8 days posthemorrhage and degree of vasospasm was assessed by image analysis of artery cross-sectional area. In a separate series of experiments, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the prototypical antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-#x03B2;1 after treatment with CNI-1493. Pretreatment with CNI-1493 provided dose-dependent attenuation of posthemorrhagic vasospasm, with the highest dose (200 μg in 8 μL dH2O) causing complete reversal of vasospasm (vessel cross-sectional area ratio 1.06±0.04 versus 0.87±0.06, p<0.05, one-way analysis of variance). Assessment of cytokine levels by ELISA confirmed the selectivity of CNI-1493 by demonstrating significant reductions in IL-6 levels, but no suppression TGF-β1 levels. These findings support the conclusion that inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-6, play an important role in development of vasospasm in the rat femoral artery model. Furthermore, these results suggest that the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines may be an appropriate strategy for the treatment of vasospasm after SAH.
Bit-error rate for a lightwave communication system incorporating an erbium-doped fibre amplifier

The photon-number distribution at the output of an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) with coherent light at the input is shown to obey the noncentral-negative-binomial (NNB) distribution. The use of this distribution in a binary on/off keying system gives rise to a lower bit-error rate (BER) than the Gaussian distribution, because the tails of these distributions differ (even for large mean input photon numbers). >
Application of the finite element method to Monte Carlo simulations of random rough surface scattering with Neumann boundary conditions

Scattering from a one-dimensional random rough surface with Neumann boundary conditions is analyzed using a finite element formulation. Results are in excellent agreement with tapered-wave integral equation solutions after averaging over realizations. Finite element advantages in CPU time, memory storage, and energy conservation tests are illustrated.
Stress-induced spiculated periosteal reaction appearing as a malignant bone tumor: a case report.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to describe the appearance of a rare occurrence of a spiculated periosteal reaction caused by stress injury and the subsequent diagnostic assessments. A proposed mechanism for the etiology of stress-induced periosteal reactions in this case is offered. Clinical Features A 54-year-old female had ankle pain for 1 year. Radiographs revealed a spiculated periosteal reaction of the distal fibula. In light of the clinical history of prior breast carcinoma, the possibility of metastatic disease was entertained. Intervention and Outcome Scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging were used in the diagnostic evaluation of this patient. Malignancy was ruled out on the basis of the magnetic resonance imaging findings, and an etiology of a stress reaction was proposed based on the scintigraphic findings. Conclusion Stress-induced spiculated periosteal reactions are a rare occurrence. This case illustrates the role that advanced imaging plays in the assessment of a suspicious periosteal reaction.
The Analysis of Interference Effects in the Sum Frequency Spectra of Water Interfaces

In this paper, we provide details of the most comprehensive fit and analysis to date of the O-H stretch region of surface water obtained in VSFS studies. The analysis integrates spectroscopic characteristics of the O-H stretch region obtained in IR and Raman studies of bulk water with VSF concepts developed and applied 7,16,17 to the analysis of CH2/CH3 vibrational modes. We have applied this integrated analysis to the VSF spectra of surface H2O from two systems, the CCl4/water and air/water interfaces. The motivation for developing an analysis of this type has been two-fold. In the past year, work in this laboratory has generated VSF spectra of surface water that show evidence for interfacial water species heretofore not observed. 9,10 Second, such an analysis contributes to the understanding of previously unresolved spectral features in air/ water studies that will aid in the analysis of future surface water studies of these and other systems.