cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Throughput Printing of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes for Supercapacitors

The availability of advanced materials and cost-effective tools for fabrication are essential to the advancement of future sciences and technologies as unprecedented applications will be possible by using nanomaterials. In order to gain rapid progress toward current intriguing challenges, research on existing and new materials has been carried out intensively. Among all, carbon has received tremendous attention since it exhibits many unique structures along with numerous useful properties for a variety of applications, from simple uses for writing or as a coloring agent to a major role in the electrochemical energy storage industry. To date, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of carbon-based electrodes because of its lightweight, high electrical conductivity, stable chemical and electrochemical properties at low cost. [ 1 ] Different carbon allotropes exhibiting high surface-to-volume ratio such as graphene, [ 2 ] reduced graphene oxide, [ 3 ] carbon nanotubes, [ 4 ]
Terahertz sensing in corneal tissues

This work introduces the potential application of terahertz (THz) sensing to the field of ophthalmology, where it is uniquely suited due to its nonionizing photon energy and high sensitivity to water content. Reflective THz imaging and spectrometry data are reported on ex-vivo porcine corneas prepared with uniform water concentrations using polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions. At 79% water concentration by mass, the measured reflectivity of the cornea was 20.4%, 14.7%, 11.7%, 9.6%, and 7.4% at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 THz, respectively. Comparison of nine corneas hydrated from 79.1% to 91.5% concentration by mass demonstrated an approximately linear relationship between THz reflectivity and water concentration, with a monotonically decreasing slope as the frequency increases. The THz-corneal tissue interaction is simulated with a Bruggeman model with excellent agreement. THz applications to corneal dystrophy, graft rejection, and refractive surgery are examined from the context of these measurements.
From Extractive to Abstractive Meeting Summaries: Can It Be Done by Sentence Compression?

Most previous studies on meeting summarization have focused on extractive summarization. In this paper, we investigate if we can apply sentence compression to extractive summaries to generate abstractive summaries. We use different compression algorithms, including integer linear programming with an additional step of filler phrase detection, a noisy-channel approach using Markovization formulation of grammar rules, as well as human compressed sentences. Our experiments on the ICSI meeting corpus show that when compared to the abstractive summaries, using sentence compression on the extractive summaries improves their ROUGE scores; however, the best performance is still quite low, suggesting the need of language generation for abstractive summarization.
The Fossil Record of the Diamond-backed Terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin (Testudines: Emydidae)

Abstract New fossil materials of the Diamond-backed Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) are described from Late Pleistocene coastal deposits of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Specimens represent isolated carapacial bones from a number of different individuals. The fossils are identified as Malaclemys based on the features of scute sulci and the presence of annuli scars on most specimens. These new fossil records provide evidence that Malaclemys was distributed throughout the southeastern United States during the Late Pleistocene.
Sexually transmitted infections in men

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common clinical conditions encountered in primary care and urgent care settings. The prevention, early detection, and effective treatment of STIs represent a significant clinical and public health burden, with a critical role for patient behavioral counseling as an important part of an overall prevention strategy. The majority of clinical care recommendations regarding STIs focus on the care of women, in whom STIs can result in sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, increased morbidity and mortality during pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain syndromes, neonatal transmission and complications, and others. STIs in women are more frequently evident clinically due to presentation with vaginal discharge or other related symptoms, and they are diagnosed incidentally or during STI screening during routine pelvic examinations as part of an established preventive health program for women.
Construction of otherwise isogenic serotype 6B, 7F, 14, and 19F capsular variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae strain TIGR4

The polysaccharide capsule is the primary virulence factor in Streptococcus pneumoniae. There are at least 90 serotypes of S. pneumoniae, identified based on the immunogenicity of different capsular sugars. The aim of this study was to construct pneumococcal strains that are isogenic except for capsular type. Serotype 4 strain TIGR4 was rendered unencapsulated by recombinational replacement of the capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) locus with the bicistronic Janus cassette (C. K. Sung, J. P. Claverys, and D. A. Morrison, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:5190-5196, 2001). In subsequent transformation with chromosomal DNA, the cassette was replaced by the cps locus derived from a strain of a different serotype, either 6B, 7F, 14, or 19F. To minimize the risk of uncontrolled recombinational replacements in loci other than cps, the TIGRcps::Janus strain was “backcross” transformed three times with chromosomal DNA of subsequently constructed capsular type transformants. Capsular serotypes were confirmed in all new capsule variants by the Quellung reaction. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the cps locus confirmed the integrity of the cps region transformed into the TIGR strain, and RFLP of the flanking regions confirmed their identities with the corresponding regions of the recipient. Transformants had in vitro growth rates greater than or equal to that of TIGR4. All four strains were able to colonize C57BL/6 mice (female, 6 weeks old) for at least 7 days when mice were intranasally inoculated with 6 × 106 to 8 × 106 CFU. The constructed capsular variants of TIGR4 are suitable for use in studies on the role of S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide in immunity, colonization, and pathogenesis.
A Hybrid Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Networks

The growing popularity of location-enabled devices has driven the demand for more efficient and reliable geographical routing algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and wireless sensor networks. The characteristic of this network is that nodes exchange geographical location with neighbors, and no global topology or central management is required. This paper proposes a hybrid approach for routing in MANET and wireless sensor networks without location service. Our approach combines both geographical routing and On-Demand Distance Vector Routing where location information is requested on demand. The request is used to create a backup shortest-path route to avoid dead-ends. The proposed algorithm can adopt automatically if a minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) exists, which is to limit the flooding of location and route requests. The performances metrics in this study include: packet loss, protocol overhead, end-to-end latency, and path length. Our simulation shows that our hybrid algorithm is more efficient, scalable and adaptable to rapid topology changes as compared to other popular routing algorithms, such as ad hoc on-demand vector (AODV) routing protocol and greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) protocol. The hybrid algorithm combines two efficient routing algorithms where each one is a backup for the other and hence it reduces the need for flooding and overcomes the problems associated with planarization, face routing and location service. Our hybrid approach has the potential to support 3D topologies as well.
The Grainyhead transcription factor Grhl3/Get1 suppresses miR-21 expression and tumorigenesis in skin: modulation of the miR-21 target MSH2 by RNA-binding protein DND1

Epidermal differentiation and stratification, crucial for barrier formation, are regulated by a complex interplay of transcription factors, including the evolutionarily conserved Grainyhead-like 3 (Grhl3/Get1); Grhl3-deleted mice exhibit impaired epidermal differentiation and decreased expression of multiple differentiation genes. To test whether Grhl3 regulates epidermal genes indirectly by controlling the expression of specific microRNAs (miRs), we performed miR profiling and identified 11 miRs that are differentially regulated in Grhl3(-/-) skin, one of which is miR-21, previously shown to be upregulated in diseased skin, including in psoriasis and squamous cell skin cancer. We found that miR-21 is normally expressed in the post-mitotic suprabasal layers of the epidermis, overlapping with Grhl3. The miR-21 promoter is bound and repressed by Grhl3 indicating that these two factors are involved in a regulatory loop maintaining homeostasis in the epidermis. Although miR-21 overexpression in normal keratinocytes had mild effects on the expression of several known miR-21 targets, an enhanced downregulation of the miR-21 tumor-related targets, including MSH2, was observed in Ras-transformed keratinocytes. The increased sensitivity of transformed keratinocytes to miR-21's effects occurs in part through downregulation of the RNA-binding protein DND1 during the transformation process. Additionally, we observed increased tumorigenesis in mice subcutaneously injected with transformed keratinocytes lacking Grhl3. These findings indicate that decreased Grhl3 expression contributes to tumor progression and upregulation of the oncomir miR-21 in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
Cloning whole bacterial genomes in yeast

Most microbes have not been cultured, and many of those that are cultivatable are difficult, dangerous or expensive to propagate or are genetically intractable. Routine cloning of large genome fractions or whole genomes from these organisms would significantly enhance their discovery and genetic and functional characterization. Here we report the cloning of whole bacterial genomes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as single-DNA molecules. We cloned the genomes of Mycoplasma genitalium (0.6 Mb), M. pneumoniae (0.8 Mb) and M. mycoides subspecies capri (1.1 Mb) as yeast circular centromeric plasmids. These genomes appear to be stably maintained in a host that has efficient, well-established methods for DNA manipulation.
Designing effective global competence development opportunities

While business schools are recognising the need to graduate globally competent students, and are laying claim to doing so, questions are raised as to the effectiveness of their efforts as well as their ability to show evidence of having done so (Hunter et al., 2006). Many will point to the percentage of students who take advantage of study abroad and second language opportunities as evidence, but arguments are made that this is not enough (Hunter, 2004). The missing piece is self-reflection. Based on the premise that students need both conceptual and practical support in understanding themselves within the context of otherness in order to gain the most from an international experience, this paper presents a model for international education programmes that includes pre-departure preparation, on-site structures for interaction, and post-experience debriefing, all focused on learning about self and other.
Multi-Systemic Risk Factors Predicting Depression, Self-Esteem, and Stress in Low SES and Culturally Diverse Adolescents

Abstract Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model, this exploratory study examined the factors from the broader environment (socioeconomic status and race), the immediate social environment (family structure), and the individual system (pregnancy status) to determine levels of depression, self-esteem, and stress for adolescents attending pregnancy prevention programs. Overall, high depression levels were found for this sample with White Non-Hispanic teens displaying the highest rates of de pression. In addition, it was found that when teens grew up with people other than their parents, they were at higher risk for low self-esteem and high stress. While early childbearing was a predictor of stress, for the lowest income levels, it was also associated with high self-esteem. Implications of findings for service delivery are discussed.
European starling feeding activity on repellent treated crops and pellets

Abstract The varied diet of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) can present challenges when working with starlings in experimental testing and holding situations and should be taken into account when testing repellents applied to food. Our purpose was to evaluate an anthraquinone-based repellent (Arkion Life Sciences, New Castle, DE, USA; active ingredient 50% 9,10-anthraquinone; hereafter anthraquinone) and SucraShield™ (Natural Forces, Davidson, NC, USA; active ingredient 40% sucrose octanoate esters) repellent for non-lethal protection of specialty crops (i.e., fruit, sweet corn) and grains. Our objectives were to evaluate (1) laboratory efficacy of anthraquinone applied topically to blueberries and sweet corn, (2) laboratory efficacy of anthraquinone applied to two pellet matrices, and (3) laboratory efficacy of SucraShield™ as a chemical repellent for European starlings. We found that anthraquinone was not an effective repellent for blueberries or sweet corn, although consumption of each matrix varied potentially due to sucrose content. Anthraquinone was an effective repellent on CU Bird Carrier pellets with 6275 ppm needed to achieve 80% repellency, whereas up to 35,000 ppm anthraquinone was not effective when the anthraquinone was not topically applied. SucraShield was not an effective repellent for starlings and in fact increased consumption of CU Bird Carrier as concentration increased.
Pruritic skin disease in the cat: Part 1

Pruritus is the most common presenting sign in feline dermatology. Pruritus can be a perplexing sign in feline dermatology due to the number of presentations which may be seen and to the frequent lack of correlation between the pattern of pruritus and the underlying problem. In this series of articles, the presentation, diagnostic approach and aetiological classification of pruritic skin disease in the cat will be discussed, allowing the clinician to formulate a rational approach to the pruritic cat.
Loss of Immunization-Induced Epitope-Specific CD4 T-Cell Response following Anaplasma marginale Infection Requires Presence of the T-Cell Epitope on the Pathogen and Is Not Associated with an Increase in Lymphocytes Expressing Known Regulatory Cell Phenotypes

We have shown that in cattle previously immunized with outer membrane proteins, infection with Anaplasma marginale induces a functionally exhausted CD4 T-cell response to the A. marginale immunogen. Furthermore, T-cell responses following infection in nonimmunized cattle had a delayed onset and were sporadic and transient during persistent infection. The induction of an exhausted T-cell response following infection presumably facilitates pathogen persistence. In the current study, we hypothesized that the loss of epitope-specific T-cell responses requires the presence of the immunizing epitope on the pathogen, and T-cell dysfunction correlates with the appearance of regulatory T cells. In limited studies in cattle, regulatory T cells have been shown to belong to γδ T-cell subsets rather than be CD4 T cells expressing forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3). Cattle expressing the DRB3*1101 haplotype were immunized with a truncated A. marginale major surface protein (MSP) 1a that contains a DRB3*1101-restricted CD4 T-cell epitope, F2-5B. Cattle either remained unchallenged or were challenged with A. marginale bacteria that express the epitope or with A. marginale subsp. centrale that do not. Peripheral blood and spleen mononuclear cells were monitored for MSP1a epitope F2-5B-specfic T-cell proliferative responses and were stained for γδ T-cell subsets or CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) T cells before and during infection. As hypothesized, the induction of T-cell exhaustion occurred only following infection with A. marginale, which did not correlate with an increase in either CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) T cells or any γδ T-cell subset examined.
A Women’s Development Army: Narratives of Community Health Worker Investment and Empowerment in Rural Ethiopia

Creating community health worker jobs in the public sector is a prominent goal in the global health development industry. According to industry leaders, Ethiopia’s government has created community health worker jobs at a scale and in a way that other countries can look to as a model. Based on extensive document review and interviews with district, national, and international health officials, we show that narratives about saving lives, empowering women, and creating model citizens in a context of resource scarcity allow Ethiopia’s ruling party to obtain international admiration for creating salaried community health worker jobs and to simultaneously avoid criticisms of its concurrent use of unpaid women’s community health labor. Public sector community health worker investments in the twenty-first century reveal the layered narratives inherent in global development practices that entangle states, international donors, NGOs, and citizens.
Longer interdialytic interval and cause-specific hospitalization in children receiving chronic dialysis.

Background Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between longer interdialytic intervals and hospitalization for cardiovascular causes in adults maintained on hemodialysis (HD). This association has not been previously demonstrated in children. We hypothesized that the risk of hospitalization for hypertension (HTN), fluid overload or electrolyte abnormalities would be increased on the days following a longer interdialytic interval in children. Methods We queried the Pediatric Hospital Information System for all admissions of patients with chronic kidney disease stage V or V-D who received dialysis during the hospitalization. Admissions were divided into two categories: admissions for HTN, fluid overload or electrolyte abnormalities and admissions for all other causes. We assumed that HD patients did not receive dialysis on weekends, and therefore any admission on Monday occurred following a longer interval from the last dialysis. We assumed that all peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients received dialysis on a daily basis. We used mixed effects logistic regression, clustering by patient within each hospital, to assess the increased odds for cause-specific admission on Monday versus other days of the week. We stratified the analysis by dialysis modality, HD or PD. Results Among HD patients, the odds ratio of admission for HTN, fluid overload or electrolyte abnormalities was 2.6 (95% CI = 1.4-4.7, P = 0.003) if the admission occurred on a Monday versus other days of the week. The odds of cause-specific admission among PD patients was not significantly different on Monday compared with other days of the week (95% CI =0.5-1.3, P = 0.8). Conclusion Children receiving chronic HD are more likely to be hospitalized for HTN, fluid overload or electrolyte abnormalities following a longer interdialytic interval. Changes to the frequency of outpatient dialysis treatments may decrease admissions in this population and decrease resource utilization in this high-risk population.
Equivalent Standard Deviation to Convert High-Reliability Model to Low-Reliability Model for Efficiency of Sampling-Based RBDO

This study presents a methodology to convert an RBDO problem requiring very high reliability to an RBDO problem requiring relatively low reliability by increasing input standard deviations for efficient computation in sampling-based RBDO. First, for linear performance functions with independent normal random inputs, an exact probability of failure is derived in terms of the ratio of the input standard deviation, which is denoted by δ. Then, the probability of failure estimation is generalized for any random input and performance functions. For the generalization of the probability of failure estimation, two coefficients need to be determined by equating the probability of failure and its sensitivity with respect to the standard deviation at the current design point. The sensitivity of the probability of failure with respect to the standard deviation is obtained using the firstorder score function for the standard deviation. To apply the proposed method to an RBDO problem, a concept of an equivalent standard deviation, which is an increased standard deviation corresponding to the low reliability model, is also introduced. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can estimate the probability of failure accurately as a function of the input standard deviation compared to the Monte Carlo simulation results. As anticipated, the samplingbased RBDO using the surrogate models and the equivalent standard deviation helps find the optimum design very efficiently while yielding relatively accurate optimum design which is close to the one obtained using the original standard deviation.
The biochar dilemma

Any strategy towards widespread adoption of biochar as a soil amendment is constrained by the scarcity of field-scale data on crop response, soil quality and environmental footprint. Impacts of biochar as a soil amendment over a short period based on laboratory and greenhouse studies are often inconclusive and contradictory. Yet biochar is widely advocated as a promising tool to improve soil quality, enhance C sequestration, and increase agronomic yield. While substantial reviews exist on positive aspects of biochar research, almost no review to date has compiled negative aspects of it. Although biochar science is advancing, available data indicate several areas of uncertainty. This article reviews a range of negative impacts of biochar on soil quality, crop yield, and associated financial risk. This review is important because advances in biochar research demand identification of the risks (if any) of using biochar as a soil amendment before any large-scale field application is recommended. It is the first attempt to acknowledge such issues with biochar application in soil. Thus, the aims of this review are to assess the uncertainties of using biochar as a soil amendment, and to clarify ambiguity regarding interpretation of research results. Along with several unfavourable changes in soil chemical, physical and biological properties, reduction in crop yield has been reported. Relative to controls, the yield for biochar-amended soil (application rate 0.2–20% w/w) has been reduced by 27, 11, 36, 74, and 2% for rice (Oryza sativa L.) (control 3.0 Mg ha–1), wheat (Triticum spp. L.) (control 4.6 Mg ha–1), maize (Zea mays L.) (control 4.7 Mg ha–1), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) (control 5.4 Mg ha–1), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (control 265 Mg ha–1), respectively. Additionally, compared with unamended soils, gaseous emissions from biochar-amended soils (application rate 0.005–10% w/w) have been enhanced up to 61, 152 and 14% for CO2 (control 9.7 Mg ha–1 year–1), CH4 (control 222 kg ha–1 year–1), and N2O (control 4.3 kg ha–1 year–1), respectively. Although biochar has the potential to mitigate several environmental problems, the data collated herein indicate that a systematic road-map for manufacturing classification of biochars, and cost–benefit analysis, must be developed before implementation of field-scale application.
EC 2000: The Georgia Tech Experience

Engineering Criteria 2000 (EC 2000) is changing dramatically the manner in which engineering programs assess their curricula, interact with their constituents, and seek ABET accreditation. The College of Engineering at Georgia Tech served as a pilot program for the new engineering accreditation criteria. This paper shares some of Georgia Tech's experiences in preparing for EC 2000, some observations about the accreditation process, and offers seven suggestions for those preparing for an EC 2000 visit.
Silent Aspiration and Recovery From Dysphagia in a Case of Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis

ABSTRACTBickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease with rapid progression typically followed by complete recovery. Reports of dysphagia in this population are limited and general. The purpose of this article is to heighten awareness of the potential for silent aspiration in patients with BBE. This article details the nature of dysphagia during the recovery phase of BBE and includes findings from serial videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluations. In addition, it shows the impact of cognitive impairment on the ability to eat safely. Early instrumental swallowing evaluation, close monitoring, and conservative management are essential to ensure safety in patients recovering from BBE.
Erie on Appeal: Deferential or De Novo Review?

This article previews the issues and arguments in Salve Regina College v. Russell, on the Supreme Court’s 1990-91 appellate docket. The issue presented in Salve Regina College is whether, on appeal, a federal appellate court should defer to a federal district court judge's determination of unsettled state law or whether the litigants are entitled to a fresh consideration of the question.In 1938 the Supreme Court in Erie R.R. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938), declared that there was no general federal common law and that the law to be applied by federal courts was the law of the state. Easier said than done. More than 50 years later the federal courts are still fine-tuning Eric doctrine, and this term the Court is being asked to resolve yet another nuance.The competing views on the appropriate standard of review are simply drawn. Four arguments favoring or requiring a fresh or de novo determination of applicable law on appeal: (1) the appellate courts do not hear evidence and therefore are better able to concentrate on pure legal questions; (2) three-judge appellate panels reduce the risk of error and arc able to make determinations of state law in a more contemplative, deliberative fashion than are district court judges; (3) the precedential value of appellate court determinations of state law confers a responsibility to give de novo review to all determinations of state law; and (4) such de novo review allows the Supreme Court to conserve its resources for important questions of national scope.On the other hand, proponents of deferential review contend that a federal district judge sitting in a particular forum is most likely to have practiced law in that state and therefore to be in the best position to make determinations about applicable state law. In addition, these proponents argue that the deferential standard is necessary to conserve judicial resources: If de novo review is required, then a great temptation will exist to appeal every determination of state law in order to obtain a second (perhaps more favorable) ruling.The Supreme Court's decision in Salve Regina College is of great importance for the conduct of federal diversity-based cases. The Supreme Court is faced with two stark choices and little middle ground: either it will affirm the deferential standard of review, or it will mandate a new requirement of appellate de novo scrutiny of every district judge's determination of state law. If the Court chooses the latter, then it is likely that many more such state-law determinations will be appealed, giving litigants more bites at the applicable law apple.
Home Economics: Domestic Fraud in Victorian England

Home Economics: Domestic Fraud in Victorian England, by Rebecca Stern, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2008, xiii + 207 pp., illustrated, US$39.95 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-8142-9170-1; US$9.95...
The Principle of Sufficient Reason Defended: There Is No Conjunction of All Contingently True Propositions

Toward the end of his classic treatise An Essay on Free Will, Peter van Inwagen offers a modal argument against the Principle of Sufficient Reason which he argues shows that the principle “collapses all modal distinctions.” In this paper, a critical flaw in this argument is shown to lie in van Inwagen’s beginning assumption that there is such a thing as the conjunction of all contingently true propositions. This is shown to follow from Cantor’s theorem and a property of conjunction with respect to contingent propositions. Given the failure of this assumption, van Inwagen’s argument against the Principle of Sufficient Reason cannot succeed, at least not without the addition of some remarkable and previously unacknowledged qualifications.
A Riview of: “TSUKIJI: THE FISH MARKET AT THE CENTER OF THE WORLD”

The sensory overload that is Tsukiji hits the reader of this fine book just as it shocks the first-time visitor—the noise, the damp squish underfoot, the sharp, clean smells of the sea and its prod...
CRT-163 Improving Cardiac Catheterization Lab Workflow Using Newer Tools: LEAN Management

The Cath Lab at University of Texas Health Northeast had a fragmented and undefined process of scheduling catheterization appointments due to lack of proper guidelines. The objective of this lean process improvement project was to decrease patient wait times by improving communication between
Developing a Comprehensive Understanding And Model of Hydrate In Multiphase Flow: From Laboratory Measurements to Field Applications

Gas hydrates pose a major flow assurance problem in the production and transportation of oil and gas. Managing the formation of gas hydrates is central for safe and continuous operation. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the Center for Hydrate Research and its efforts toward a better understanding of the formation, agglomeration, and accumulation of hydrates in multiphase flow. This paper will discuss the projects in the Center for Hydrate Research aimed at quantifying how hydrates can be managed by first understanding the fundamental processes for nucleation, growth, agglomeration, deposition, and plugging, knowledge in these areas that has been accumulated over decades of research. While still a work in progress, significant advances have been made in describing the hydrate formation in oil-dominated, water-dominated, and gas-dominated systems. One of the end goals of our effort is to develop the knowledge and tools to manage hydrates, as opposed to avoidance, in the production and transport...
The stabilization of a Mach 10 boundary layer using regular porous coating

The stabilization of hypersonic boundary layers using porous coatings has been studied by theoretical analyses, experiments, and numerical simulations in the past decade. It was found that porous coating stabilizes Mack’s second mode and destabilizes Mack’s first mode. However, no work has been reported about the thermochemical non-equilibrium effects of hypersonic flows on porous coating stabilization efficiency. Our previous results show that thermochemical non-equilibrium of hypersonic flows may affect the stabilization efficiency of regular coating. Therefore, numerical simulations for perfect gas flow may not be enough. In this paper, we conduct numerical simulations on the stabilization of a Mach 10 boundary layer using regular porous coating. The effects of thermochemical non-equilibrium flow including internal energy excitations, translation-vibration energy relaxation, and chemical reactions among different species are considered. Three types of steady base flow for perfect gas, thermal equilibrium and chemical non-equilibrium gas, and thermochemical non-equilibrium gas are first investigated. The stability characteristics of the Mach 10 boundary layer are studied by the linear stability theory based on perfect gas solution. Response of the boundary layer to single-frequency wall blowing-suction is studied by six cases of unsteady simulations for perfect gas. The preliminary results show regular porous coating has a significant effect on boundary-layer instability.
The relative impact of chiropractic vs. medical management of low back pain on health status in a multispecialty group practice.

Purpose The objective of the study was to compare chiropractic management and medical management of low back pain of musculoskeletal etiology in a multispecialty group practice. Study design The design was a retrospective cohort study in which the subcohorts were defined by source of low back pain care and identified before follow-up was complete. Data collection occurred at the end of the third month following their initial visits. One hundred and three chiropractic patients and 187 medical patients aged 16 or greater who had not been treated within the preceding month of their initial visit participated. Main findings A greater proportion of chiropractic than medical patients perceived their treatment to be successful (RR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.29, 2.82), had 0 days with low back pain during the week preceding the evaluation (RR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.00, 2.59), and had no functional impairment due to low back pain after 3 months following their initial visit according to the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.81, 2.50). General health status was similar for both chiropractic and medical patients. Conclusions Chiropractic care was at least as effective as medical care in reducing low back pain and functional disability due to low back pain. Chiropractic patients were more likely to perceive their treatment to be successful in reducing low back pain compared to medical patients.
Linear Massless/Massive Gauge Theories

In this chapter we propose to study the massive and massless theories of spin-1 and spin-2 fields through several approaches, each one of them providing a complementary viewpoint. As already mentioned in the introduction, the notions of degree of freedom and of dynamical field are not equivalent in non-local field theory. It is therefore important to first understand their equivalence in local field theory, and especially gauge theory, where not all fields propagate. We will thus see, in many different ways, how the field content splits into dynamical and non-dynamical fields and how this is related to the degrees of freedom of the theory.
Rexinoids for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract Rexinoids are selective ligands for the nuclear receptors known as RXRs. They do not bind to the receptors for all-trans-retinoic acid (RARs). Many new rexinoids have been synthesized and then assayed for their ability to suppress proliferation of cancer cells, to inhibit activation of inflammatory cells of the tumor microenvironment, and to prevent carcinogenesis in animal models relevant to human disease. Here we review the literature on the effects of 4 such rexinoids: bexarotene, LG100268, LG101506, and NRX194204. These rexinoids also have potent synergistic effects when used in combination with other active pharmacological agents, and practical clinical applications would benefit from these actions.
Utility of Body Mass Index in Identifying Excess Adiposity in Youth Across the Obesity Spectrum.

Objectives To determine the proportion of youth within a given body mass index (BMI) obesity category with excess adiposity using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Furthermore, to examine whether mean differences in cardiometabolic risk factors based upon various excess adiposity cutpoints were present. Study design DXA data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 (n = 10 465; 8-20 years of age) were used for this analysis. Obesity categories were defined using Centers for Disease Control and prevention definitions for age and sex. Excess adiposity was defined using cohort-specific cutpoints at 75th, 85th, and 90th percentiles of DXA body fat (%) by age and sex using quantile regression models. Additionally, we examined differences in cardiometabolic risk factors among youth (BMI percentile >85th) above and below various excess adiposity cutpoints. Results Nearly all youth with class 3 obesity (100% male, 100% female; 97% male, 99% female; and 95% male, 96% female; using the 75th, 85th, and 90th DXA percentiles, respectively) and a high proportion of those with class 2 obesity (98% male, 99% female; 92% male, 91% female; and 76% male, 76% female) had excess adiposity. Significant discordance was observed between BMI categorization and DXA-derived excess adiposity among youth with class 1 obesity or overweight. Elevated cardiometabolic risk factors were present in youth with excess adiposity, regardless of the cutpoint used. Conclusions BMI correctly identifies excess adiposity in most youth with class 2 and 3 obesity but a relatively high degree of discordance was observed in youth with obesity and overweight. Cardiometabolic risk factors are increased in the presence of excess adiposity, regardless of the cutpoint used.
Pyruvate Oxidase as a Critical Link between Metabolism and Capsule Biosynthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae

The pneumococcus is one of the most prodigious producers of hydrogen peroxide amongst bacterial pathogens. Hydrogen peroxide production by the pneumococcus has been implicated in antibiotic synergism, competition between other bacterial colonizers of the nasopharynx, and damage to epithelial cells. However, the role during invasive disease has been less clear with mutants defective in hydrogen peroxide production demonstrating both attenuation and heightened invasive disease capacity depending upon strain and serotype background. This work resolves these conflicting observations by demonstrating that the main hydrogen peroxide producing enzyme of the pneumococcus, SpxB, is required for capsule formation in a strain dependent manner. Capsule production by strains harboring capsules with acetylated sugars was dependent upon the presence of spxB while capsule production in serotypes lacking such linkages were not. The spxB mutant had significantly lower steady-state cellular levels of acetyl-CoA, suggesting that loss of capsule arises from dysregulation of this intermediary metabolite. This conclusion is corroborated by deletion of pdhC, which also resulted in lower steady-state acetyl-CoA levels and phenocopied the capsule expression profile of the spxB mutant. Capsule and acetyl-CoA levels were restored in the spxB and lctO (lactate oxidase) double mutant, supporting the connection between central metabolism and capsule formation. Taken together, these data show that the defect in pathogenesis in the spxB mutant is due to a metabolic imbalance that attenuates capsule formation and not to reduced hydrogen peroxide formation.
A phase I/II clinical trial of sorafenib in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

TPS6103 Background: There is rapid accumulation of data pointing to a potential role of sorafenib in the setting of recurrent/metastatic SCCHN. The combination of sorafenib to a cisplatin-docetaxel...
Cerebrovascular burden and depressive symptomatology interrelate over 18 years: support for the vascular depression hypothesis.

Objective Potentially incongruent research literatures suggest three divergent hypotheses about depressive symptomatology: (1) symptoms are recurrent; (2) later-life depression results from high cerebrovascular burden (CVB); and (3) depressive symptoms contribute to comorbidities causing vascular burden. Past vascular depression research assumes that later-life depressive symptoms relate uniquely to high CVB and not to prior, recurrent depression. This study examines these divergent hypotheses. Methods Data include 5175 participants across 18 years from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (mean age at 1993 baseline was 53 years; follow-ups in 2004 and 2011). Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression. CVB was operationalized as hypertension, high blood sugar, diabetes, and other heart problems. Hypotheses were examined via a cross-lagged structural equation model and logistic regression. Results Model fit was acceptable (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.047; comparative fit index = 0.963). Hypotheses 1 and 2 were supported. Depressive symptomatology at 2004 and 2011 follow-ups was predicted by earlier depressive symptomatology and prior CVB. Hypothesis 3 was partially supported; depressive symptomatology in 2004 predicted subsequent CVB. Logistic regression results were that CVB predicted clinically significant depressive symptoms based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression clinical cutoff. Conclusions Cerebrovascular burden in midlife predicts depressive symptomatology in later-life, even after accounting for prior depressive symptomatology, supporting a fundamental assumption of the vascular depression hypothesis. Midlife depressive symptomatology also predicted escalation of CVB in later-life. Results suggest a process model of later-life depressive symptom development that interrelates CVB and depressive symptoms throughout the life span and have clinical implications for the interruption of this process through the integration of primary care and behavioral health specialists. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significance of Mesh Density in Aquifer Storage and Recovery Modeling

Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) is means to store fresh water deep underground in brackish water aquifers. This stored water can be recovered at a later date during emergencies or times of water shortage. ASR is expected to provide a cost- effective solution to many of the world’s water management needs. However, the quality of the stored water may degrade over time due to mixing and buoyancy stratification. Water quality may further be reduced during extraction due to upconing of saline water underlying the ASR well. This water quality degradation may reduce the volume of the available fresh water during recovery to the point that the ASR well is no longer cost effective. Because flow and concentration gradients may be high in the vicinity of an ASR well, the vertical and horizontal resolution of the 3D mesh in the vicinity of the ASR well is important. Meshes that do not have sufficient resolution in the area of interest may not accurately simulate observed conditions in these high gradient areas. On the other hand, meshes that contain too much resolution will require more computational resources, resulting in extended simulation times. A preliminary study has shown that the ASR simulation became more computationally stable as the vertical resolution was increased in the geologic units above, below, and containing the ASR well when the WASH123D model was used as the computational tool. In this paper, a sensitivity study of how various vertical and horizontal mesh resolutions may impact computational accuracy and efficiency is presented. For this paper a sensitivity analysis will be performed to evaluate the effect of various mesh resolutions on computational speed and accuracy.
Evolution of the communication brain in control of mammalian vocalization

Abstract The evolution of the brain structures mediating vocal production in mammals is outlined. The structures together form a system. Central to this system is an ancient core that is found in all vertebrates. Mammals have added components in the cerebral cortex, consisting of a limbic midline cortex, as well as neocortical areas that influence laryngeal movement. Together, the elements of this system regulate the broad functional categories of vocalizations, along with the subtle nuances that reflect variation in motivational state, social context, and developmental status of the vocalizer. Despite the great variety of acoustic qualities and species differences found in mammalian vocalizations, the brain pathways and circuits regulating their expression appear to have changed very little over the course of evolution.
Scalia’s Rugged Originalism

Throughout the nineteenth century and beyond, a “naive” originalism pervaded Court thinking. That changed when legal realists urged the Court to exercise judicial restraint and defer to elected branches of government. The Court exercised restraint from the late New Deal until Brown (1954). Since then jurists have broadened the discretion available to their own branch by identifying a “living Constitution,” which changes with judicial decisions. To counter that view, Antonin Scalia constructed a rugged originalism that combines textual analysis with a search for original meaning while maintaining respect for the legislative branch and the principle of stare decisis.
Aortic Cannulation in DeBakey Type I Aortic Dissection Facilitates Subsequent Deployment of a Frozen Elephant Trunk.

Arterial cannulation in acute DeBakey type I dissection can be difficult. Moreover, the residual dissected aorta is susceptible to further adverse events in the future. Implanting a stent-graft into the descending aorta during the initial dissection repair (‘frozen elephant trunk') has been demonstrated to promote favourable aortic remodelling, mitigating some of these longer-term complications. We describe a technique for cannulation of the ascending aorta in acute dissection that facilitates expeditious antegrade deployment of a frozen elephant trunk.
Reactive oxygen species induced Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in the SU5416/hypoxia model of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by elevations in pulmonary arterial pressure, in part due to formation of occlusive lesions in the distal arterioles of the l...
HOUDINI PULMONARY VEIN

Complications of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation include thromboembolism, tamponade, pulmonary vein stenosis, acute lung injury and phrenic nerve injury (PNI), all of which can present with shortness of breath (SOB). A 55-year-old obese female underwent radiofrequency AF ablation. Shortly after
Sunglitter in oceanic remote detection

One of the problems in oceanic remote sensing is how to reliably detect or distinguish a signal of interest from the random sources of noise arising in both the environment and the sensor. For example, under what conditions can a small capsized boat be detected in high-altitude optical imagery (e.g., by sight from an airplane) in the presence sunglitter and subsurface backscattering. In such an application, the design of the optimal signal-processing algorithm and the evaluation of its performance depend critically upon in the statistics of the noise in the sensing process. Diffuse optical noise can usually be adequately modeled as normally distributed. But sunglitter is known to be extremely non-normal and, therefore, its statistical characterization as a function of the viewing geometry, wind speed, and sensor resolution are critical to the design of an effective detector.