cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advanced HiCTE ceramic flip-chipping of 90nm Cu/low-k device: a novel material, package structure, and process optimization study

This study analyzes the effect of the eight metal layer 90nm Cu/low-k flip chip devices through designed experiment using two relatively different underfill materials, standard terminal pad and novel passivation structures, and JEDEC Level-3 reliability stressings (TC, HAST, and HTS). Black diamond low-k and HiCTE ceramic substrate are employed for the large package form-factor. The active Si utilizes eutectic stencil-pasted SnPb bump and BGA balls with Ti/Ni-V/Al-Cu reflectory thin film deposited UBM. It is found that the double passivation pad structures are less susceptible to reliability damages for various types of underfills; although a single passivation with BCB coating combined with an optimal underfill can also yield similar favorable result. The metallurgical effect of delamination cracking, HiCTE flip chip and stress-relieving passivation structures, and underfill interfaces failure mode mechanism are examined by functional testing, chemical deprocesssings, SAM, and SEM/EDX.
Differences in Incubation Period and Survival of Embryos among Brook Trout Strains

Abstract The incubation period and survival of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis embryos were compared among four genetically different strains: Temiscamie (Quebec), Assinica (Quebec), Horn Lake (Adirondack), and Little Tupper Lake (Adirondack). Eggs were fertilized and then incubated under cold (mean, 5.1°C) and warm (mean, 9.4°C) thermal regimes, and the accumulated degree-days and days to 100% hatch were recorded. Within all strains, embryos incubated under the warm thermal regime accumulated more degree-days to 100% hatch than embryos incubated under the cold regime. Degree-days to hatch differed between the two thermal regimes, ranging from 457 to 672 (P < 0.001). Mean degree-days to hatch also differed among strains (P < 0.001). Under the cold regime, Assinica strain embryos developed the fastest and hatched after the fewest degree-days (457), whereas Temiscamie strain embryos developed the slowest (549 degree-days). The two Adirondack strains developed at similar rates (Horn Lake, 486 degree-days; ...
A covalently linked phenanthridine–ruthenium(II) complex as a RNA probe

A phenanthridine derivative covalently linked to a ruthenium complex yields an imaging probe whose fluorescence intensity and lifetime change substantially in the presence of RNA.
The Integration of Healing Rituals in Group Treatment for Women Survivors of Domestic Violence

This article describes a therapeutic group for domestic violence survivors that incorporated healing rituals and rites of passage to help participants move past a “liminal” state in which their social identity and personal narratives continue to be characterized by the abuse experience. Through the creation and use of healing rituals, blessings, poetry, art, and music, the women in the group establish “communitas” and support each other in the work of self-reclamation and healing. The group, “Rites of Passage” is intended for women who have completed shelter-based crisis interventions, and uses a structured curriculum that incorporates theoretical and philosophical concepts from anthropology, postmodernism, humanistic psychology, social work, and existentialism. Through the creation and practice of idiosyncratic and incorporated or modified existing rituals, women in the groups strengthen social bonds, develop a sense of hope for the future, reestablish an empowered sense of self, and continue their heali...
Evidence of periodic electric fields generated by Spatial separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in short-period InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices

Under relatively high pump intensities, photoluminescence intensities across the miniband were greatly reduced, which was attributed to the existence of periodic electric fields caused by spatially-separated photogenerated electrons and holes in short-period type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices.
Purification and properties of NADH-ferredoxinNAP reductase, a component of naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816.

Abstract Cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816, after growth with naphthalene or salicylate, contain a multicomponent enzyme system that oxidizes naphthalene to cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. We purified one of these components to homogeneity and found it to be an iron-sulfur flavoprotein that loses the flavin cofactor during purification. Dialysis against flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) showed that the enzyme bound 1 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme protein. The enzyme consisted of a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 36,300. The purified protein contained 1.8 g-atoms of iron and 2.0 g-atoms of acid-labile sulfur and showed absorption maxima at 278, 340, 420, and 460 nm, with a broad shoulder at 540 nm. The purified enzyme catalyzed the reduction of cytochrome c, dichlorophenolindophenol, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, and ferricyanide. These activities were enhanced in the presence of added FAD. The ability of the enzyme to catalyze the reduction of the ferredoxin involved in naphthalene reduction and other electron acceptors indicates that it functions as an NAD(P)H-oxidoreductase in the naphthalene dioxygenase system. The results suggest that naphthalene dioxygenase requires two proteins with three redox groups to transfer electrons from NADH to the terminal oxygenase.
Overview of the Human-Powered Submersible Races

A unique competition for human-powered submarines took. place in June, 1989. This paper outlines the philosophies of the organizers in staging the event, the rules of the competition and the judging criteria. Some of the design innovations inspired by the contest. are described.
Geometrization of trace formulas

Following our joint work with Robert Langlands, we make the first steps toward developing geometric methods for analyzing trace formulas in the case of the function field of a curve defined over a finite field. We also suggest a conjectural framework of geometric trace formulas for curves defined over the complex field, which exploits the categorical version of the geometric Langlands correspondence.
Efficient Allelic Exchange and Transposon Mutagenesis in Mycobacterium avium by Specialized Transduction

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium are pathogenic slow-growing mycobacteria that cause distinct human diseases. In contrast to recent advances in M. tuberculosis genetics and pathogenesis investigation, M. avium has remained genetically intractable and, consequently, its pathogenic strategies remain poorly understood. Here we report the successful development of efficient allelic exchange and transposon mutagenesis in an opaque clinical strain of M. avium by specialized transduction. Efforts to disrupt the leuD gene of M. avium by specialized transduction were successful but were complicated by inefficient isolation of recombinants secondary to high spontaneous antibiotic resistance. However, by using this leucine auxotroph as a genetic host and the Streptomyces coelicolor leuD gene as a selectable marker, we achieved efficient allelic exchange at the M. avium pcaA locus. A leuD-marked transposon delivered by specialized transduction mutagenized M. avium with efficiencies similar to M. tuberculosis. These results establish a system for random and directed mutagenesis of M. avium. In combination with the forthcoming M. avium genome sequence, these tools will allow the distinct physiologic and pathogenic properties of M. avium to be dissected in molecular detail.
Assessment of chemicals affecting the male reproductive system.

The reproductive toxicologist must be more concerned with the ability of laboratory models to predict human reproductive hazards and to estimate human health risks. Although more than a hundred chemicals have been reported to affect the reproductive capacity of male laboratory animals, fewer than 15 environmental chemicals have been shown conlusively to affect man and many of these are known mutagens, carcinogens or otherwise generally toxic agents. Pharmacokinetic and adaptive factors must be considered. More attention also needs to be directed towards processes other than spermatogenesis and towards mechanisms of toxicity other than cytotoxicity. The male component necessary for successful reproduction depends on a large variety of biological processes working in concert. The ability to assess chemically-induced reproductive effects needs to be refined and modern molecular and cellular approaches should be developed and validated. This paper summarizes aspects of the pharmacokinetic and adaptive factors involved in testicular toxicity, some current laboratory assessment techniques, and newer test procedures such as monoclonal antibodies for sperm surface proteins and the interspecies (human/hamster) sperm penetration assay.
Social Darwinism and Social Justice: Herbert Spencer on Our Duties to the Poor

Herbert Spencer is commonly regarded as a "social Darwinist," who was, at best, indifferent to the suffering of the poor, and perhaps even positively welcoming of it. This paper re-examines Spencer's thoughts regarding obligations to the poor, and argues that the common interpretation is deeply mistaken. Spencer was not a social Darwinist; he was not opposed to charitable assistance to the poor; and he was not even necessarily opposed to what we would now describe as the idea of social justice. Spencer's theory of justice was a principled libertarian one. And in many ways, the 20th century criticism of and disdain for Spencer’s thought mirrors the academic reaction to libertarian ideas more generally. Understanding where that criticism succeeds, and where it misses the mark, can thus potentially help us to understand the strengths and weaknesses of libertarianism as a contemporary social philosophy.
Rethinking Organizational Decoupling Fields, Power Struggles, and Work Routines

Neoinstitutionalists have long recognized that organizations must negotiate complex organizational fields to survive. Yet, this ever-sharpening focus on external environments comes at the expense o...
Investigation of Electrolyte Concentration Effects on the Performance of Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

A combined experimental and computational study has been performed in order to elucidate the effect of electrolyte salt concentration on the performance of Li–O2 batteries. Four electrolyte solutions with varying lithium triflimide (LiTFSI) content in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) were studied to identify principal failure mechanisms in Li–O2 batteries for dilute and concentrated electrolytes (0.1 M to saturation) in cells cycled with high overpotentials and/or deep discharge. Quantitative 19F NMR was employed to determine that in 0.1 M electrolyte solutions salt decomposition can contribute to limitations in cell recycling arising from low ionic conductivity due to a decrease in available soluble Li+ over multiple cycles. In contrast, increased salt decomposition in high-concentration electrolytes can result in cathode passivation by insoluble Li salts that impact capacity by hindering Li2O2 production and further inhibiting electronic conductivity. By employing first-principles calculations, we modeled diff...
The intentionality of compassion energy

Compassion energy is the converse of compassion fatigue. Nurses will grow and thrive if they understand how to self-generate vigor as compassion energy, preventing compassion fatigue or burnout. The compassion energy experience can elicit implications for nursing practice to add to the caring process.
Growth of Polycrystalline Silicon Carbide on Thin Polysilicon Sacrificial Layers for Surface Micromachining Applications

Polycrystalline silicon carbide (poly-SiC) films were deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) at epitaxial growth temperatures on planar, 100 nm-thick polysilicon sacrificial layers using two recipes that included or excluded a pre-growth carbonization step. Poly-SiC films grown using the carbonization-based recipe exhibited a relatively high degree of (111) 3C-SiC texture and had uniform, well-defined, void-free poly-SiC/polysilicon interfaces. In contrast, poly-SiC films grown without carbonization were randomly oriented, had numerous poly-SiC inclusions that sometimes completely penetrated the polysilicon underlayer, and had a higher surface roughness than the films grown with carbonization. Analysis of micromechanical clamped-clamped (C-C) beam resonators fabricated from films grown using the two differing recipes shows that the carbonization step is needed to protect the thin polysilicon sacrificial layer from voids and inclusions and thus maintain the proper spacing between the drive electrodes and the resonant beams.
Complications and Route of Delivery in a Large Cohort Study of HIV-1-Infected Women-IMPAACT P1025.

OBJECTIVE To investigate complications of cesarean section in a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women. METHODS IMPAACT P1025 is a prospective cohort study of HIV-1-infected women and infants, enrolled 2002-2013, at clinical sites in the United States and Puerto Rico. Demographic, medical, and obstetric data were collected and analyzed including cesarean indications. The delivery route was categorized as elective cesarean (ECS) (before labor and <5 minutes before membrane rupture), nonelective cesarean (NECS) (all other cesareans) or vaginal delivery. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between delivery route and maternal intrapartum/postpartum morbidities. Composite morbidity of vaginal delivery was compared with ECS and NECS. RESULTS This study included 2297 women. Of note, 99% used antiretroviral medication and 89% were on a combination antiretroviral therapy regimen; 84% had a HIV-1 viral load ≤400 copies per milliliter before delivery; 46% (1055) delivered vaginally, 35% (798) by ECS, and 19% (444) by NECS. Although interruption of HIV-1 infection was the second most frequent indication for cesarean after repeat cesarean, it decreased as an indication over time. There were no delivery-related maternal mortalities. Overall, 19% of women had ≥1 complication(s)-primarily wound complications (14%) or other infections (11%). Vaginal delivery had the lowest complication rate (13%), followed by ECS (23%), and highest NECS (28%) with an overall P < 0.001. HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission rates were low and did not differ by delivery mode group. CONCLUSIONS HIV interruption as cesarean indicator declined during the study. Morbidity was more common in HIV-infected women delivering by NECS than ECS and lowest with vaginal delivery. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Prenatal and Postnatal Studies of Interventions for Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00028145?term=impaact+1025&rank=2 NCT00028145.
Survey on health status and needs for health education among rural residents in Tongzhou District,Beijing

Objective To know health status and needs for health education among rural residents in Tongzhou district,Beijing to provide basis for effective health education intervention in rural areas.Methods A total of 540 permanent residents aged 15 years or older and living in rural areas continuously for more than six months were recruited for the study from three towns or townships of Tongzhou.Results One hundred and thirty-seven(26.4 %) residents studied suffered at least one kind of varied diseases,and 128 of them(23.7%) had varied symptoms in the past three months.Their awareness of knowledge about communicable respiratory and enteric diseases was 95.2 percent and 89.0 percent,respectively,significantly higher than that for knowledge about chronic diseases(P0.05).The main ways of their access to health information included television watching and health classrooms,accounting for 76.1 percent and 51.6 percent,respectively.Their primary needs for health knowledge was reasonable diet,accounting for 80.3 percent.Conclusions Next focus in health education in rural areas is to carry out health intervention to translate their health knowledge into health actions.
The respiration, blood pressure and ECG changes induced by acute pneumothorax

Objective To investigate the effect of acute pneumothorax on the respiration, blood pressure and ECG in rabbits. Methods 11 rabbits bred in family were involved in the experiment. A breach was made between 7～8 rib in the right thoracic anterior axillary line for building up the acute pneumothorax model. The changes of the respiration, blood pressure and ECG (standard lead Ⅱ) during pneumothorax and 5 minutes after pneumothorax were recorded. A comparison of these indexes between in-pneumothorax, post-pneumothorax and pre-pneumothorax had been done. Results In comparison to those indexes of pre-pneumothorax, during pneumothorax: 8 cases with accelerated respiration, 3 with slow respiration; 7 with decreased blood pressure, 4 with elevated blood pressure. 5 minutes after pneumothorax: the heart rate was reduced, P-wave prolonged, P-R intermittent prolonged, QRS intermittent proloned, ST electric voltage elevated, QT intermittent prolonged (P0.01 or 0.05); P-wave electric voltage, R-wave electric voltage and S-wave decreased, but there was no statistically significant difference (P0.05). Conclusions With the increasing of the pneumothorax content, the changes of the ECG parameters were obvious, ST elevated most significantly. It suggested myocardial ischemia might occur during pneumothorax.
Assessing the Impact of Using Robots in Education, Or: How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Chaos.

For the past several years, we have been using robots in our introductory computer science course. Although this has been challenging for many reasons, it has also been very rewarding on a number of fronts, both for the students and for us. However, in order for this to occur, we had to adapt to what we perceived as “chaotic code.” In this paper we describe lessons learned by watching what the students do, where they have trouble, and what they enjoy. Further, we discuss what the implications of focusing on creativity has had on teaching and assessment.
Predicting a Scientific Communityâ€™s Response to an Article

We consider the problem of predicting measurable responses to scientific articles based primarily on their text content. Specifically, we consider papers in two fields (economics and computational linguistics) and make predictions about downloads and within-community citations. Our approach is based on generalized linear models, allowing interpretability; a novel extension that captures first-order temporal effects is also presented. We demonstrate that text features significantly improve accuracy of predictions over metadata features like authors, topical categories, and publication venues.
Late Development of a Urethrocavernous Fistula After Cavernospongiosum Shunt for Priapism

The occurrence of a urethrocavernous fistula after creation of a cavernospongiosum shunt for priapism is rare. We report a case in which the fistula, likely the sequela of traumatic urethral catheterization, occurred 3 months after establishment of the shunt.
Soviet Diplomatic Relations with South Africa,1942–56

A Soviet embassy in South Africa would help to further allied unity.(I. Maisky, Soviet Ambassador, London, 1942)
Application of In Vivo Genomics to the Prediction of Chemical-Induced (hepato)Carcinogenesis

Bioassay-based methods to predict chemical-exposure-related human cancer hazards have changed little since the 1960s. This is despite numerous initiatives using a variety of approaches to identify more efficient predictive tests. The recent developments in the field of toxicogenomics suggest that gene expression changes following short-term chemical exposure may provide the predictive power to identify a large fraction of carcinogens and therefore substantially reduce the use of the cancer bioassay. Herein, toxicogenomic studies that were focused on the identification of hepatocarcinogenic activity are reviewed. The studies highlighted here suggest in vivo toxicogenomics can be used to classify chemicals by modes of carcinogenic action (genotoxic vs non-genotoxic). Specific observations include: (1) signatures of genotoxic (hepato)carcinogenicity are quite consistent across studies, however signatures of non-genotoxic (hepato)carcinogenicity appear to be more complex and can vary significantly between studies; (2) longer durations of exposure (weeks vs days) tend to yield data that produce more robust models and greater classification accuracy; (3) independent validation studies of a few signatures suggest there are clear weaknesses and point to a need for a more formalized approach to data creation and model generation if there is to be reliable application of predictive toxicogenomics in the identification and classification of exposures as carcinogenic; and (4) there is the potential to apply predictive toxicogenomics in not only a qualitative, but also a quantitative manner to derive critical metrics used in risk assessment. In the short term, it is likely that toxicogenomics can be coupled to other approaches (such as more traditional toxicological endpoints for assessment of sub-chronic non-neoplastic lesions) in a weight-of-evidence-based approach to identify chemicals that are plausibly carcinogenic to humans. However, the primary goal of toxicogenomics should be to understand the relationship between the causes of disease at a molecular level and toxicogenomic perturbations. Understanding of these relationships will make it possible to use ’omics-based approaches to predict a comprehensive hazard profile for chemicals, therefore removing one of the primary reasons for the ongoing use of apical toxicity assessments.
Optimizing Storage in High Density Shelving

This article is the first in a series exploring approaches to studying the storage density and overall efficiency (as measured in terms of number of items stored) in high density book storage facilities. The article explores foundational questions associated with increasing the number of items in high density configurations when using relatively traditional shelving facility. The parameters of the high density configuration draw on two storage models: the so-called “California” model, employed at the Northern Regional Library facility, and the “Harvard model.” Through initial analysis of the item sizing and shelving approaches of these models, this article engages in rough analysis of how these models could be adjusted and adapted to fit a specific use case at the Northern Regional Library facility. The article concludes with an analysis of potential methods for applying the theoretical findings in the real-world case of the Northern Regional Library facility through shelf-use analysis and real-world item...
A guide for novice researchers: Design and development research methods

Understanding the type of research methods that may best fit a given research agenda can be daunting task for novice researchers. In many instances, the problem can seem to be overwhelming in that the novice does not possess the basic familiarity with the fundamental terms and concepts of some of the more commonly used approaches to make an informed decision. This paper provides the novice researcher with a basic set of concepts and terms associated with conducting design and development studies, one of the foundational research approaches in the informing sciences. A six phase design and development framework adopted from prior system development methodology literature is presented. Additionally, examples to help the novice researcher better grasp the proposed framework are discussed.
Measuring mitochondrial function and glycolysis using the Seahorse XF analyzers

Mitochondrial function and glycolysis play critical roles in a variety of vital cellular processes, including cellular activation, proliferation, differentiation, cell death, and disease progression. Seahorse Bioscience has developed a technology that enables the measurement of various metabolic parameters and functions using live cells, in real-time, in a microplate. Seahorse Analyzers profile cellular metabolic functions, using label-free, solid-state disposable optical sensors. The Seahorse Analyzers simultaneously measure mitochondrial respiration (oxidative phosphorylation; OXPHOS) via the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and glycolysis via the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Integrated drug injection ports allow for up to 4 reagent additions (e.g. drug or substrate) that can be programmed for automated delivery into the independent cell culture wells. Assay kits and reagents provide standard methods for quantifying mitochondrial respiration, glycolytic activity, endogenous and exogenous fatty acid oxidation, substrate oxidation, and metabolic phenotype. Seahorse XF technology has been applied to multiple research areas, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, metabolic disorders, immunology, cardiovascular function, neurodegeneration, virology, and aging.
Environmental sustainability and production: taking the road less travelled

The research on production and operations management and its linkage to environmental sustainability has seen growth in recent years. The International Journal of Production Research (IJPR) communi...
Best Practices for Software Metadata: A Report from the Software Preservation Network

Representatives of the Software Preservation Network Metadata Working Group will present preliminary results from its analysis of metadata for software preservation, discussing a survey of existing practices as well as a crosswalk of existing ontologies and schemas in use in libraries, the open source software community, and specialized research communities. The talk will also discuss the activities of the Software Preservation Network, highlighting activities that have a direct impact on metadata practice.
The Use of Antibiotics in Broodmares With Post-service Endometritis

There is currently a lack of evidence to suggest that antibiotics delivered into the uterus post-service improves pregnancy rates. The evidence does support that post-service treatment with or without antibiotics improves pregnancy rates in mares with endometritis compared to no treatment (pregnancy rates between 40-90% compared to 0-56% respectively). The studies further identify the need to recognise mares at risk of post-service endometritis to target appropriate therapy.
Effects of Plasma Activated media on Epithelial Cells

Low-temperature plasma (LTP) has been shown to have killing effects on cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo [1] – [5]. One of the approaches in treating mammalian cells with LTP is through plasma activated media (PAM). PAM is produced by exposing cell culture media to plasma. While the adverse effects of PAM treatment on cancerous cell lines have been recently studied, less is known about the effects of PAM on normal healthy cells. In this presentation, non-cancerous canine kidney MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) epithelial cells are treated by PAM. Time-lapse microscopy is used to monitor cell proliferation and random migration after PAM exposure. It is found that moderate levels of PAM treatment inhibited cell proliferation, but longer exposure leads to substantial cell death. In addition, PAM treatment reduces random cell migration within epithelial islands. Immunofluorescence staining shows that while there are no major changes in the actin/adhesion apparatus, there is a significant change in the nuclear localization of proliferation marker Ki-67, consistent with the time-lapse results.
A model to optimize rack layout in a retail store

Abstract The physical layout of a retail store is known to influence the attitude and behavior of shoppers and affect store performance. An important role of the store's layout is to expose shoppers to merchandise in order to facilitate consideration and ultimately purchasing of exposed products. This work focuses on determining which rack layouts maximize exposure of products to a shopper. To do this, we introduce the retail rack layout problem (RRLP), which identifies the optimal single or multi-column rack orientations in a constrained space in order to maximize exposure to the shopper. To solve this problem, we propose a mixed-integer, non-linear optimization model, which we solve using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results indicate that an increase of exposure ranging from 213–226% (small head turns) and 17–18% (large head turns) over 90°-rack layouts can be achieved with angled-racks (acute or obtuse from a shopper's travel path) depending on the duration of exposure. The increase in exposure comes at the expense of loss of display space and is sensitive to the shopper's field of regard (angular limit and depth of vision). We also show that multiple competitive layout designs with 1-, 2-, and even 3-columns may exist for a given system configuration that offer similar exposure values.
Reactive uptake of ammonia by secondary organic aerosols: Implications for air quality

Abstract Reactions between ammonia (NH3) and organic compounds containing carbonyl functional groups in aerosol particles can form organic products that are less basic than NH3 and are thus unable to neutralize efficiently nitric and sulfuric acids. In this exploratory study, the University of California, Irvine - California Institute of Technology (UCI-CIT) model is used to investigate the potential air quality impacts of including of the chemical uptake of NH3 by secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in a regional airshed model. A surface reaction of NH3 with SOA is implemented into the model to determine the impact of this process on NH3 and PM2.5 concentrations in the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB). Air quality simulations are conducted using uptake coefficients ranging from 10−5 to 10−2 to explore the sensitivity of changes in NH3 and PM2.5 concentrations to the magnitude of the uptake coefficient. Results indicate that the chemical uptake of NH3 by SOA can potentially deplete gaseous NH3 concentrations, causing indirect reductions in the amount of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate in particulate matter. The magnitude of the impact on NH3 and PM2.5 concentrations exhibits a strong but non-linear dependence on the value of the uptake coefficient, with evidence for small but notable impacts on air quality even with the lowest assumed uptake coefficient of 10−5.
Erratum for Supply chain strategies and international tax arbitrage

This note corrects several typos in expressions and a sensitivity statement in Proposition 3 in Shunko et al. ().
Improving Opioid Management and Resource Utilization in an Internal Medicine Residency Clinic: A Before-After Study over Two Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycles

Objective Chronic pain and opioid management are challenging in primary care, especially for trainees with discontinuous ambulatory schedules and less practice experience. The study objective was to improve adherence to quality metrics and office visit utilization in a resident clinic. Design Before-after quality improvement intervention over two Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Setting Suburban, university-affiliated Internal Medicine resident clinic. Methods During the 2015-2017 academic years, two sequential interventions were implemented: 1) use of electronic pain and opioid management templates and workflow redesign routing opioid renewals through a registered nurse (RN); 2) RN previsit planning and daily nurse-physician huddles before patient visits. Outcomes included adherence to annual toxicology screening, risk assessment and opioid agreements, opioid dose prescribed, and office visit utilization. Results The template and workflow redesign intervention increased annual toxicology from 53% to 81% (P < 0.0015), annual opioid agreement from 13.8% to 53.5% (P < 0.0001), and risk assessment from 0% to 75.9% (P < 0.0001). Average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME) decreased from 96.6 MME to 67.7 MME (P < 0.0001), and annual office visits decreased from 11.1 to 8.9 (P = 0.0004). Previsit planning and huddles did not show incremental increases in adherence to quality measures but did improve clinic utilization and maintained high levels of adherence to quality measures. Conclusions Quality improvement interventions can improve adherence to quality measures and clinic utilization. A critical role is served by midlevel nursing providers to provide continuity to patients and trainees. Teaching clinics need to develop sustainable systems of care to moderate quality assurance in opioid prescribing.
Reactions of coordinated ligands

Abstract By treatment of (CO)5 MoPPh2 Cl with ethylmagnesium bromide (CO)5 MoPPh2 PPh2 Mo(CO)5 has been obtained as an unanticipated product. The compound has been characterized by its physical and spectral properties.
Book Review: Tax Policy and Our Democracy

Two new books explore the many ways in which U.S. tax policies and tax systems have promoted social injustices and continue to do so. In RACIAL TAXATION, Camille Walsh provides a vivid depiction of the under-scrutinized fiscal history of elementary through secondary education in the United States, from the post-Reconstruction era until San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez. In OUR SELFISH TAX LAWS, Anthony Infanti details how existing U.S. Federal tax policies manifest problematic power structures that exclude and disadvantage many if not most taxpayers. Together, these books dissect a variety of flawed tax structures and reveal that tax discrimination grounded in race, gender, heteronormativity, differences in physical ability, and, pervasively, power dynamics, are not a malignant tumor on an otherwise healthy body, but rather are a systemic, pathological affliction on the entire U.S. fiscal state. This essay reviews Walsh’s and Infanti’s work, and builds on the authors’ rich historical and analytical contributions to ask: how can tax policy be reformed so that, rather than betraying and undermining the foundations of American democracy, it works to strengthen democratic institutions and their connection with members of a democratic society? I sketch some ways that democratic values could be injected into tax policymaking, starting with a broader conception of democratic accountability in the tax policymaking process, to move us towards the sort of inclusive tax policy that Walsh and Infanti show we have as yet failed to achieve.
ADMM based Consensus and Sectioning Norm-1 Regularized Algorithm for Imaging with a CRA

A norm-1 regularized, distributed technique based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is presented in this paper. This method divides the sensing matrix of the problem in both rows and columns, leading to the so-called consensus and sectioning-based ADMM, which incorporates the convergence properties of the consensus-based ADMM with the communication efficiency of the sectioning-based ADMM. A Compressive Reflector Antenna (CRA) has been recently proposed as a hardware to increase the sensing capacity of the imaging systems. The combination of the consensus and sectioning-based ADMM with a CRA allows a quasi real-time imaging with high communication efficiency.
Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults with cystic fibrosis: A single-center analysis

Abstract Background The relation between malnutrition and pulmonary death in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has resulted in intensive nutritional intervention over the last few decades, leading to a significant decline in underweight and the emergence of overweight/obesity as a potential new problem. Methods We performed a cross-sectional database analysis of 484 adults with CF seen at the University of Minnesota CF Center between January 2015-January 2017, to determine the prevalence and pulmonary/cardiovascular risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in this population. Results Mean age was 35.2 ± 11.6 years. 5.2% were underweight (BMI Conclusions Overweight/obesity is common in adults with CF including those with severe genotypes. Lung function is better in the overweight/obese and lipid levels are within the normal range, albeit higher than in normal/underweight.
Changes In Health Insurance Coverage, Access To Care, And Income-Based Disparities Among US Adults, 2011–17

The Affordable Care Act increased insurance coverage and access to care, according to numerous national studies. However, the administration of President Donald Trump implemented several policies t...
Lift and drag force on a spherical particle in a viscoelastic shear flow

Abstract We present a comprehensive 3D numerical study of particles with imposed velocities relative to the local bulk flow (termed “slip velocities”) in a viscoelastic shear flow. We consider the force on a spherical particle sedimenting, a spherical bubble rising, and a spherical neutral squirmer swimming in an imposed viscoelastic shear flow. We demonstrate that any particle moving with a slip velocity in the flow or gradient direction of the shear flow experience a lateral lift force. We calculate and compare the magnitude and direction of the lift force in all situations. At small Deborah (De) and Weissenberg (Wi) numbers, our results show good agreement with an existing perturbation theory for rigid particles (Einarsson and Mehlig, 2017 [1]) and new perturbation theories for drops and for squirmers respectively. Our simulations extend these results to higher De and Wi regimes. Through our simulations, we uncover the physical mechanism of the lateral force on all particles. For rigid particles, we find the lift force arises from an imbalance in polymer stress on either side of the particle, which in turn is due to the imbalance of polymer stretch surrounding the particle. If this lift force is not balanced by an external force, a lateral drift velocity arises. We further consider the implication of this lateral drift for rigid particles hydrodynamically forced in a viscoelastic Poiseuille flow, where particles can migrate either toward the channel center plane or toward the wall, depending on whether the direction of the applied force is in the direction aligned or opposite to the direction of the Poiseuille flow, respectively. We study both the migration of a single particle as well as a suspension of particles in channel flow. Even with the addition of hydrodynamic interactions, we show that particles forced in the direction of the Poiseuille flow migrate towards the channel center.
Where do Latinas and Latinos Earn Social Science Doctorates

It is a national imperative to increase the percentage of Latinas and Latinos who earn doctorate degrees in the social sciences and who enter into faculty positions. For the purposes of this study, I focus on whether Latinas and Latinos earned their doctorates at the nation’s most research-intensive universities because those schools are uniquely equipped to prepare doctoral students for careers in academia. I find that more than 40% of Latinas and Latinos who earned social science doctorates did so at universities with lower research profiles. I also test whether there are relationships between Latinas’ and Latino’s undergraduate institutions (e.g., community colleges and Hispanic Serving Institutions) and doctoral universities (classified by research-intensity). I did not find a relationship between attending community college and the type of university where a Latina or Latino social scientist earned the PhD. However, I found that Latinas and Latinos who earned baccalaureate degrees from Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) had higher relative risk of earning doctorates from less research-intensive universities. This institutional pathway may be beneficial for increasing the number of Latinas and Latinos who earn social science doctorate degrees; however, it may be problematic for preparing future faculty members. I discuss implications for supporting the Latina-Latino pathway to the PhD.
Constitutive androstane receptor directs T cell adaptation to bile acids in the small intestine

Bile acids (BAs) are fundamental lipid emulsifying metabolites synthesized in hepatocytes and maintained via enterohepatic circulation between the liver and ileum1. Because they are lipophilic, BAs can be cytotoxic in enterohepatic tissues2 and several nuclear receptors are now recognized for suppressing BA toxicity in hepatocytes and enterocytes3. By contrast, it remains unclear how mucosal immune cells protect themselves from high BA concentrations in the small intestine. We previously showed that CD4+ T effector (Teff) cells upregulate expression of the xenobiotic transporter, MDR1, in the ileum to prevent BA toxicity and suppress Crohn’s disease-like small bowel inflammation4. Here, we identify the BA- and xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR/NR1I3)5, as a regulator of MDR1 expression in mucosal T cells. CAR expression increased in Teff cells during mucosal inflammation and promoted large-scale transcriptional reprogramming in the small intestine lamina propria (siLP). CAR-dependent gene expression in siLP Teff cells shared features with that in hepatocytes, and involved the induction of detoxifying enzymes and transporters, but also the key anti-inflammatory cytokine, Il10. CAR-deficiency in Teff cells exacerbated, whereas pharmacologic CAR activation suppressed, BA-driven ileitis in T cell-reconstituted Rag-/- mice. In addition, bile, though not major BA species per se, enhanced CAR transcriptional activity, and CAR-dependent gene expression in human CD4+ Th cells was restricted to α4+β7+CCR9+ Teff cells licensed for small bowel homing. These data implicate CAR in prompting a hepatocyte-like transcriptional response in mucosal T cells that detoxifies BAs and enforces small bowel immune homeostasis. Pharmacologic activation of this program may offer an unexpected strategy to treat small bowel Crohn’s disease.
Depression, chronic pain, and high-impact chronic pain among cancer survivors.

12085Background: The majority of the 17 million individuals living with a cancer diagnosis in the United States have experienced pain, either from the disease itself or from its treatment. Pain neg...
Doing 1D Physics with Deng: How the Vision Goes on

Deng Feng Wang was my second graduate student. He was a poet-mathematician — a brilliant, emotionally sensitive young man. It is a sad and unusual event to be asked to reflect on one’s former student, after an untimely drowning accident. In this short article, I would like to combine some reminiscences about working with Deng, with some reflections on the physics we did together, telling you how the dreams that influenced our work live on today.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONDITIONS IN NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO ESTUARIES

Because deficient dissolved oxygen (DO) levels may have severe detrimental effects on estuarine and marine life, DO has been widely used as an indicator of ecological conditions by environmental monitoring programs. The U.S. EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Estuaries (EMAP-E) monitored DO conditions in the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico from 1991 to 1994. DO was measured in two ways: 1) instantaneous profiles from the surface to the bottom were taken during the day, and 2) continuous measurements were taken near the bottom at 15 min intervals for at least 12 h. This information was summarized to assess the spatial distribution and severity of DO conditions in these estuaries. Depending on the criteria used to define hypoxia (DO concentrations usually <2 mg L-1 or <5 mg L-1) and the method by which DO is measured, we estimate that between 5.2 and 29.3% of the total estuarine area in the Louisianian Province was affected by low DO conditions.
Great expectations in academia: realistic job previews on jobs and work-family balance

Purpose – This study aims to foster work-family balance goals by evaluating the utility of two types of video-based realistic job previews on creating accurate expectations among future academics. Design/methodology/approach – The first realistic job preview divulged information specific to jobs in academia. The second divulged work-family balance information specific to academia. Participants viewed one of the two realistic job preview conditions or a third control condition in which they did not watch a realistic job preview. Participants then indicated their knowledge about job and work-family characteristics in academia and their changing expectations. Findings – Results supported both types of realistic job previews as a way to communicate information about academia, and individuals also expressed changing their own expectations as a result of viewing the realistic job previews. Originality/value – This study implemented a classic tool – the realistic job preview – to communicate work-family balance ...
SMRT Sequencing for Parallel Analysis of Multiple Targets and Accurate SNP Phasing

Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing generates much longer reads than other widely used next-generation (next-gen) sequencing methods, but its application to whole genome/exome analysis has been limited. Here, we describe the use of SMRT sequencing coupled with barcoding to simultaneously analyze one or a small number of genomic targets derived from multiple sources. In the budding yeast system, SMRT sequencing was used to analyze strand-exchange intermediates generated during mitotic recombination and to analyze genetic changes in a forward mutation assay. The general barcoding-SMRT approach was then extended to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma primary tumors and cell lines, where detected changes agreed with prior Illumina exome sequencing. A distinct advantage afforded by SMRT sequencing over other next-gen methods is that it immediately provides the linkage relationships between SNPs in the target segment sequenced. The strength of our approach for mutation/recombination studies (as well as linkage identification) derives from its inherent computational simplicity coupled with a lack of reliance on sophisticated statistical analyses.
Homoeolog-specific transcriptional bias in allopolyploid wheat

Interaction between parental genomes is accompanied by global changes in gene expression which, eventually, contributes to growth vigor and the broader phenotypic diversity of allopolyploid species. In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of allopolyploidization on the regulation of diverged gene networks, we performed a genome-wide analysis of homoeolog-specific gene expression in re-synthesized allohexaploid wheat created by the hybridization of a tetraploid derivative of hexaploid wheat with the diploid ancestor of the wheat D genome Ae. tauschii. Affymetrix wheat genome arrays were used for both the discovery of divergent homoeolog-specific mutations and analysis of homoeolog-specific gene expression in re-synthesized allohexaploid wheat. More than 34,000 detectable parent-specific features (PSF) distributed across the wheat genome were used to assess AB genome (could not differentiate A and B genome contributions) and D genome parental expression in the allopolyploid transcriptome. In re-synthesized polyploid 81% of PSFs detected mid-parent levels of gene expression, and only 19% of PSFs showed the evidence of non-additive expression. Non-additive expression in both AB and D genomes was strongly biased toward up-regulation of parental type of gene expression with only 6% and 11% of genes, respectively, being down-regulated. Of all the non-additive gene expression, 84% can be explained by differences in the parental genotypes used to make the allopolyploid. Homoeolog-specific co-regulation of several functional gene categories was found, particularly genes involved in photosynthesis and protein biosynthesis in wheat. Here, we have demonstrated that the establishment of interactions between the diverged regulatory networks in allopolyploids is accompanied by massive homoeolog-specific up- and down-regulation of gene expression. This study provides insights into interactions between homoeologous genomes and their role in growth vigor, development, and fertility of allopolyploid species.