cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Natural history of mitral valve prolapse

Abstract To assess the rate and predictors of complications in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 316 subjects (mean age 42 ± 15 years) with echocardiographic MVP were followed prospectively for a mean of 102 months: 220 (70%) were women, 225 (71%) had clinically recognized MVP, and 91 (29%) were detected in family studies. During follow-up, 11 patients (0.4/100 subject-years) required mitral valve surgery, 6 died of cardiac causes (0.2/100 subject-years), 7 developed cerebral ischemia (0.3/100 subject-years), and 2 developed active infective endocarditis (0.1/100 subject-years). The overall rate of fatal and nonfatal complications (1/100 patient-years) was higher in men than in women (odds ratio [OR] 3.2, p 45 than ≤45 years (OR 3.4, p = 0.002), in clinically recognized patients than in affected family members (OR 3.8, p
The structure and energies of some unsaturated four‐membered ring carbocycles

A number of cyclobutane derivatives containing one or more double bonds in endo- or exocyclic positions have been studied by the molecular mechanics method within the context of the MM2 force field. Generally speaking, the structures and energies of these compounds are well calculated in cases in which they are known experimentally and are predicted in others. Examples are shown of the use of the moments of inertia of molecules, which are known from microwave studies, in conjunction with molecular mechanics calculations to yield better structures than could be obtained by either method alone. Compounds examined include cyclobutene, methylenecyclobutane, Dewar benzene, and related compounds.
Arkosic Rocks from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) Borehole, Central California: Implications for the Structure and Tectonics of the San Andreas Fault Zone

The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drill hole encountered indurated, high-seismic-velocity arkosic sedimentary rocks west of the active trace of the San Andreas fault in central California. The arkosic rocks are juxtaposed against granitic rocks of the Salinian block to the southwest and against fi ne-grained Great Valley Group and Jurassic Franciscan rocks to the northeast. We identify three distinct lithologic units using cuttings, core petrography, electrical resistivity image logs, zircon fi ssion-track analyses, and borehole-based geophysical logs. The upper arkose occurs from 1920 to 2530 m measured depth (mmd) in the borehole and is composed of fistructural blocks defi ned by bedding orientations, wireline log character, physical properties, and lithologic characteristics. A clay-rich zone between 2530 and 2680 mmd is characterized by low V p and an enlarged borehole. The lower arkose lies between 2680 and 3150 mmd. Fission-track detrital zircon cooling ages are between 64 and 70 Ma, appear to belong to a single population, and indicate a latest Cretaceous to Paleogene maximum depositional age. We interpret these Paleocene‐Eocene strata to have been deposited in a proximal submarine fan setting shed from a Salinian source block, and they correlate with units to the southeast, along the western and southern edge of the San Joaquin Basin, and with arkosic conglomerates to the northwest. The arkosic section constitutes a deformed fault-bounded block between the modern strand of the San Andreas fault to the northeast and the Buzzard Canyon fault to the southwest. Signifi cant amounts of slip appear to have been accommodated on both strands of the fault at this latitude.
Eocene Strike-Slip Faulting and Basin Formation in Washington: ABSTRACT

Eocene right-lateral displacements occurred on several fault zones in western and central Washington, including the Straight Creek fault (90-190 km or 56-118 mi of offset), the Entiat-Leavenworth fault system (amount of offset unknown), and possibly a major unnamed north-south trending fault through the Puget lowland. Within this framework, nonmarine sediments accumulated in several rapidly subsiding basins to form some of the thickest (more than 5,800 m or 19,000 ft) nonmarine sequences in North America. Two types of sedimentary basins are recognized. The Chiwaukum and Foss River grabens are small pull-apart basins that formed along the major faults. The Chuckanut, Swauk, and Puget(?) basins are much larger (up to 100 km or 62 mi wide) and formed between the major faults To varying degree, these larger basins display the characteristics of idealized smaller pull-apart basins: (1) high sediment accumulation rates; (2) rapid facies changes; (3) abrupt stratigraphic thickening and thinning; (4) partly internal drainage patterns; (5) irregular basin margins characterized by dip-slip faults and unconformities; (6) predicted deformational patterns; (7) rapid changes between extensional and compressional tectonics; and (8) interbedded and intrusive relationships with extension-generated(?) volcanic rocks. The difference in size and mode of occurrence between these basin types emphasizes the regional as well as local control that strike-slip faulting has on basin formation. This extensional-basin province formed in a forearc setting between an obliquely subducting oceanic plate to the west, and the broad, diffuse Challis volcanic arc to the east. Eocene nonmarine basins in Washington should therefore be considered as end-member types of forearc basins. End_of_Article - Last_Page 493------------
The role of platinum in partial melt textured growth of bulk YBCO

Previous research has shown that vacuum filtration of particulate YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (Y123) suspensions in an applied magnetic field under ambient conditions, followed by partial melt processing can produce well textured Y123 thick films. In addition, the microstructural development and magnetic properties were shown to be enhanced in the presence of platinum during heat treatment. Thermal analysis revealed that platinum reduces the decomposition temperature of pure Y123 (1030/spl deg/C in O/sub 2/) by 70/spl deg/C. The current focus of this research is to further exploit this effect and develop a better understanding of the role of platinum during heat treatment. We have successfully duplicated the magnetic and microstructural enhancements observed in earlier work by adding Pt powder directly to the Y123 suspensions and heat treating the films on inert MgO substrates. The enhancement in the magnetic properties was shown to persist independent of any grain size effects resulting from improved microstructural development. >
InGaAs quantum dot lasers by selective area MOCVD growth

Quantum dot heterostructure lasers formed by a combination of electron beam lithography and selective area MOCVD growth are described. The quantum dot laser growth and fabrication process are presented and the observed 3-dimensional quantized spectral properties are outlined.
Noncemented cathcart elliptical head endoprosthesis for displaced femoral neck fractures

A total of 93 patients (95 hips) undergoing unipolar noncemented elliptical head endoprosthetic replacement for an acute displaced femoral neck fracture were reviewed clinically and radiographically at an average follow-up of 28 months. The 12-month mortality rate was 22%. The medical complication rate was 15%, and the surgical complication rate was 19%. At most recent follow-up, 66% of patients used an assist device for ambulation or were nonambulatory. Of patients, 64% required full-time nursing care. Radiographically, subsidence of the component was identified in 66% of the hips and acetabular erosion in 29%. More than half of these patients had complaints of either thigh or groin pain. Hips with evidence of subsidence had a statistically significant greater length of follow-up (36 months) compared with hips that did not show subsidence (18 months; P = .014). Noncemented unipolar replacement for displaced femoral neck fractures is an accepted form of treatment. In this group of predominantly male patients, noncemented elliptical head unipolar replacement was associated with a high medical and surgical complication rate as well as poor clinical and radiographic results.
Regional Gravity Survey of the Northern Great Salt Lake Desert and Adjacent Areas in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho

From 1957 to 1961 a regional gravity survey was made over the northern part of the Great Salt Lake Desert and adjacent areas in Utah, eastern Nevada, and southeastern Idaho. A total of 1040 stations were taken over an area of about 7000 square miles. The results were compiled as a Bouguer gravity anomaly map with a contour interval of 2 mgal. The Bouguer values ranged from a high of about —120 mgal over the outcrop areas to a low of about —196 mgal over the alluvium-covered graben areas. The gravity high over the Raft River Mountains apparently corresponds with the Raft River Mountains anticline. A belt of gravity contours, with a total relief of 15–20 mgal, extending for 40 miles between the Wildcat Hills and the southern part of the Grouse Creek Mountains and beyond, is interpreted provisionally as caused partly by abrupt thickening and/or downwarping of the rocks of late Paleozoic age in a general northwestward direction, perhaps to form a foredeep (part of the Butte-Deep Creek trough of Steele, 1960) south of the Raft River Mountains; however, this anomaly could also be partly caused by overthrusting. Many Basin and Range faults, grabens, and horsts are indicated by the gravity data. In the northern part of the surveyed area, Junction Valley, Upper Raft River valley, and Curlew Valley are indicated to be grabens. The Newfoundland Range, in the northeastern part of the Great Salt Lake Desert, is a horst flanked by a graben on each side. The northwestern margin of the Great Salt Lake Desert comprises a complex pattern of Basin and Range fault blocks, large and small, that lie along a generally northward-trending belt or zone. The Silver Island-Pigeon fault block, which comprises the Silver Island Mountains, the Little Pigeon Mountains, and Pigeon Mountain, forms an elongate, arcuate horst that is flanked by a belt of grabens on the west (Pilot Valley, Lucin, and Grouse Creek grabens) and east (Wendover, Crater Island, Little Pigeon, and Pigeon grabens). A major fault zone is indicated along the east margin of the Pilot Range. The Pilot-Grouse Creek rift belt, at least 90 miles long, extends northward between Pilot Valley and the Upper Raft River valley and constitutes a major lineament in the earth9s crust along which the graben blocks were displaced downward relative to the adjacent mountain blocks. In the southern part of the rift belt, the grabens are separated by blocks (the Lemay and Lucin horsts) that were probably downfaulted relative to the large mountain blocks, but became lodged at intermediate height; in the northern part, however, the blocks (for example the Junction Valley graben), apparently merely broke from the main crustal unit along this belt of weakness. The indicated thickness of the valley fill of Cenozoic age in some of the graben areas ranges up to about 6000 feet.
Methodological Challenges in Physical Activity Research With Older Adults

The aging adult population is growing, as well as the incidence of chronic illness among older adults. Physical activity (PA) has been demonstrated in the literature to be a beneficial component of self-management for chronic illnesses commonly found in the older adult population. Health sciences research seeks to develop new knowledge, practices, and policies that may benefit older adults' management of chronic illness and quality of life. However, research with the older adult population, though beneficial, includes potential methodological challenges specific to this age group. This article discusses common methodological issues in research among older adults, with a focus on PA intervention studies. Awareness and understanding of these issues may facilitate future development of research studies devoted to the aging adult population, through appropriate modification and tailoring of sampling techniques, intervention development, and data measures and collection.
Nutrition studies in Thailand: effects of calories, nutrient supplements, and health interventions on growth of preschool Thai village children.

A study of the effects of providing high-calorie and vitamin-mineral supplements to preschool village children retarded in growth and development in Chiang Mai Thailand was done. The preschool children of 24 villages with a population of about 11000 were divided into 5 control and intervention groups. The interventions consisted of a village health program high-calorie snacks and vitamin-mineral supplements. The supplements when used were provided in day care centers for preschool children. The health and nutrition interventions used did not significantly affect growth during the study period reported from December 1981 to October 1983. Monthly changes in length and weight observed in this and a previous study indicate that growth patterns in Thai children are different from those seen in industrialized societies. Factors other than lack of nutrients and infection may be responsible for the inadequate growth often report in developing countries. (authors)
Video object segmentation by tracking regions

This paper presents an approach to unsupervised segmentation of moving and static objects occurring in a video. Objects are, in general, spatially cohesive and characterized by locally smooth motion trajectories. Therefore, they occupy regions within each frame, while the shape and location of these regions vary slowly from frame to frame. Thus, video segmentation can be done by tracking regions across the frames such that the resulting tracks are locally smooth. To this end, we use a low-level segmentation to extract regions in all frames, and then we transitively match and cluster the similar regions across the video. The similarity is defined with respect to the region photometric, geometric, and motion properties. We formulate a new circular dynamic-time warping (CDTW) algorithm that generalizes DTW to match closed boundaries of two regions, without compromising DTW's guarantees of achieving the optimal solution with linear complexity. Our quantitative evaluation and comparison with the state of the art suggest that the proposed approach is a competitive alternative to currently prevailing point-based methods.
Radiation history affects continence outcomes after advance transobturator sling placement in patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence.

Objective To evaluate the effects of preoperative external radiation therapy (XRT) on a cohort of patients who underwent AdVance transobturator urethral sling (ATUS) placement for post-prostatectomy incontinence. Methods Thirty-seven patients underwent placement of an ATUS from 2008 to 2010. Patients with and without a history of preoperative XRT were retrospectively compared in regard to their demographical, preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative details. Results The median follow-up was 17.3 months. Preoperative pad usage was significantly higher in the XRT patient group ( P = .03). Overall, 19 patients (51.4%) used no pads, 10 patients (27.0%) were improved, 4 patients (10.8%) had no change, and 4 patients (10.8%) experienced worsening incontinence after the surgery. In patients with and without a history of XRT, 0 (0%) and 19 (63.3%) used no pads, 2 (28.6%) and 8 (26.7%) were improved, 2 (28.6%) and 2 (6.7%) showed no change, and 3 (42.9%) and 1 (3.3%) were worse, respectively. In comparing patients with more severe incontinence preoperatively (>1 pad/day), those with and without radiation, 0 (0%) and 7 (46.7%) used no pads, 2 (28.6%) and 7 (46.7%) were improved, 2 (28.6%) and 0 (0%) had no change, and 3 (42.9%) and 1 (6.7%) were worse, respectively, after ATUS placement. Thus, patients without XRT had an advantage in postoperative pad usage ( P = .001), and, furthermore, had improved quality of life (86.2% vs 28.6%, P = .006). Conclusion The ATUS provides excellent continence outcomes in patients suffering from post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. However, previous pelvic irradiation seems to severely compromise the effectiveness of the ATUS.
Searching Robotic Prostatectomy Online: What Information Is Available?

Objectives To search online using the Google search engine to determine what information for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is available and whether the claims made on the Internet are supported by the published peer-reviewed urologic data. Methods The term “robotic prostatectomy” was searched using Google on September 29, 2009. The first 50 Web sites were reviewed for RARP specific outcomes, including oncologic outcomes, potency, continence, recovery, and blood loss. All claims were compared with the accepted standards supported by the existing published urologic data. Results Of the first 50 Web sites, 9 were rejected. Of the remaining 41, 29 were from academic practices and 8 from nonacademic practices; for 4, this distinction was not applicable. Also, 19 sites had direct links, photographs, or text from the Intuitive Surgical Web site, and 22 sites did not. Of the 41 Web sites, 20 made no mention of surgeon experience with RARP and 21 did, with an average experience of 1487 ± 1206 cases. More than 60% of the sites claimed better potency outcomes with RARP than with radical retropubic prostatectomy, although 32% of sites omitted this information. Similarly, 63% of the Web sites claimed improved continence with RARP than with radical retropubic prostatectomy, and 29% of the sites made no mention of continence. Data on oncologic efficacy was missing from 22% of the Web sites, 22% suggested the cancer outcomes were equivalent between RARP and radical retropubic prostatectomy, and 56% suggested the cancer outcomes were better with RARP. Concerning postoperative recovery and blood loss, 85% of the sites stated that both were improved with RARP, and only 15% omitted these data. Conclusions Overall, an online search using the Google search engine for robotic prostatectomy yielded many Web sites with unsubstantiated information of variable accuracy.
The Croonian Lecture, 1985: When Two and Two Do not Make Four: Nonlinear Phenomena in Ecology

The simplest mathematical models describing the dynamics of natural populations of plants and animals are nonlinear. These models can exhibit an astonishing array of dynamical behaviour, ranging from stable points to period-doubling bifurcations that produce a cascade of stable cycles, to apparently random fluctuations; that is, simple deterministic systems can produce chaotic dynamics. This review shows how these ideas illuminate some of the observed properties of real populations in the field and laboratory, and explores some of the practical implications. When unpredictable environmental fluctuations are superimposed on such deterministic models, there are further complications both in the analysis and interpretation of data (what factors regulate the population?) and in the management of resources (how should fish quotas be set in an uncertain environment?).
Simulations of adaptation and color appearance in observers with varying spectral sensitivity

A model of adaptation and visual coding was used to simulate how color appearance might vary among individuals that differ only in their sensitivity to wavelength. Color responses to images were calculated for cone receptors with spectral sensitivities specific to the individual, and in postreceptoral mechanisms tuned to different combinations of the cones. Adaptation was assumed to normalize sensitivity within each cone and postreceptoral channel so that the average response to an ensemble of scenes equaled the mean response in channels defined for the reference observer. Image colors were then rendered from the adapted channels' outputs. The transformed images provide an illustration of the variations in color appearance that could be attributed to differences in spectral sensitivity in otherwise identical observers adapted to identical worlds, and examples of these predictions are shown for both normal variation (e.g. in lens and macular pigment) and color deficiencies (anomalous trichromacy). The simulations highlight the role that known processes of adaptation may play in compensating color appearance for variations in sensitivity both within and across observers, and provide a novel tool for visualizing the perceptual consequences of any variation in visual sensitivity including changes associated with development or disease.
Phylogenetic evidence for and implications of a dual origin of propaliny in anomodont therapsids (Synapsida)

Abstract Anomodont therapsids were the most diverse and abundant group of terrestrial vertebrate herbivores during the Late Permian and much of the Triassic. Their success has been widely attributed to a complex mastication system that was based on a propalinal sliding of the lower jaw. Traditionally, anomodont phylogeny has been viewed as an essentially linear sequence of taxa, each with more specializations for propaliny, culminating in the radiation of the dicynodont anomodonts. However, recent phylogenetic work has shown that similar specializations for propaliny can be found in members of two distinct anomodont clades, the endemic Russian Venyukovioidea and the unnamed clade consisting of Galeops + Dicynodontia. These specializations have been inferred to be present in the common ancestor of the venyukovioids and dicynodonts, implying a single origin of propaliny in anomodonts. Here a reevaluation of the anomodont feeding system is presented, and the possibility that propaliny evolved twice within th...
Long-distance wood procurement and the Chaco florescence

First documented during a military reconnaissance in 1849, Chaco Canyon and the Ancestral Pueblo society that flourished therein [850–1140 Common Era (CE)] have been the focus of archaeological investigation for more than a century. Beginning in the early ninth century CE, the inhabitants of farming communities lining a 14-km stretch of the lower canyon in present-day northwest New Mexico erected massive free-standing masonry pueblos, or “great houses.” Great houses are monumental in scale and are among the most iconic and remarkable feats associated with Chacoan societal development. The construction of one multistory great house, Pueblo Bonito, with at least 650 masonry rooms, required the Chacoan people to quarry 50,000 tons of sandstone and harvest and transport more than 50,000 pine (Pinus sp.), fir (Abies sp.), and spruce (Picea sp.) trees from distant (60−80 km) montane forests (Fig. 1). Guiterman et al.’s (1) analysis of a spatially broad sample of construction timbers from 7 of 11 great houses in Chaco Canyon documents the chronology and spatial extent of wood harvesting strategies and reveals a significant and previously unknown wood source.
Lacto-Vegetarian Diet

Diet and Digestion are considered among major pillars of life in Ayurveda. Therefore the knowledge about quantity and quality of food with its effects on body becomes essential. Research studies are providing ample evidence of significant health benefits from meatless diet and from increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. The present study reviews hazardous effects of meat based diet and it's role in causing various diseases. Also it throws light on health benefits of lacto vegetarian diet.
Conflicting Trends in the Flourishing International Trade of Art and Antiquities: Restitutio in Integrum and Possessio Animo Ferundi/Lucrandi

This article studies the underlying economics driving the international black market in art and antiquities from the perspective of the looters who illegally excavate antiquities or steal art, the brokers who launder it, and the museums and private collectors who obtain it. The legal analysis identifies weaknesses in the current scheme of regulation - both domestic and international.
Biosimilars: Rationale and current regulatory landscape.

Abstract Objectives To discuss current terminology and the regulatory standards and processes involved in the development of biosimilars. Methods An Internet-based literature search through April 2015 was performed for information related to biosimilars in chronic inflammatory disorders. Keywords were as follows: biosimilar, development, manufacturing, characterization, structural, functional, preclinical, clinical, immunogenicity, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn׳s disease, ulcerative colitis, and ankylosing spondylitis. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) websites were searched for guidelines and information related to biosimilars. Results Biosimilars are products that are highly similar to the reference product regarding quality, biological activity, safety, and efficacy. Biosimilars are biological products and not generic drugs and, thus, do not follow the same regulatory pathways as generic molecules. Rigorous early-stage structural, functional, and analytical testing, followed by nonclinical and clinical analyses comparing a biosimilar with its reference product, are required to demonstrate biosimilarity in regulatory markets worldwide. Conclusions The addition of biosimilars to the market has the potential to improve access to biologic therapies. Many regulatory agencies have enacted stringent pathways, which must be followed for a biosimilar to be labeled and approved as such; following the pathways will help protect and maintain the integrity, quality, and safety of the biosimilar product.
STEER-BY-WIRE SUSPENSION AND STEERING DESIGN FOR CONTROLLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY

Abstract With steer-by-wire, suspension and steering systems are no longer governed by purely mechanical criteria but must instead be designed according to mechatronic considerations. This paper demonstrates an approach to steer-by-wire suspension design in which geometric design variables are chosen to render the tire reaction torque about the steer axis highly predictable. This predictability in turn, clarifies the connection between the vehicle dynamics and steering dynamics, enabling full state observer and controller design.
Antimicrobial resistance in Australia

Resistance to antimicrobials is a worldwide and increasing problem. Compared to most of its near neighbours Australia has comparatively low rates of antibacterial resistance. However, there are still significant problems, most notably methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Multi-resistant hospital-associated MRSA emerged in the late 1970s and become a significant problem on the eastern seaboard by the early 1980s. Subsequently, community-associated non-multi-resistant MRSA emerged, initially in Western Australia, and subsequently in other states, and is now widespread at increasing levels. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) arrived in Australia in the mid 1990s, and remained at low levels until very recently, when there was a noticeable upsurge. Unlike other places in the world, the predominant type of VRE in Australia is VanB. Non-susceptibility to penicillin in Streptococcus pneumoniae appeared in Australia in the 1980s and appears to have stabilised. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have been in Australia for more that 15 years, but until very recently have been remaining at low levels or even falling. The arrival of the CTX-M type of ESBL appears to be changing that decline. The other important but less common resistance is multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii , strains of which have caused outbreaks in several intensive care units across Australia.
Nuclear Levels in 177 Lu and 175 Lu

One- and three-quasiparticle states have been investigated in $^{175}\mathrm{Lu}$ and $^{177}\mathrm{Lu}$ using ($d,p$), ($d,t$), and thermal ($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$) reactions on isotope-separated tarets of $^{176}\mathrm{Lu}$. The ($d,p$) and ($d,t$) studies utilized 12-MeV deuterons and a broad-range magnetic spectrograph; the ($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$) studies used Ge(Li) and Si(Li) spectrometers. The ground-state one-quasiparticle band ${\frac{7}{2}}^{+}[404]$ through the ${\frac{17}{2}}^{+}$ member and four tentative three-quasiparticle bands are observed in $^{175}\mathrm{Lu}$. Members of the following one-quasiparticle bands are observed in $^{177}\mathrm{Lu}:{\frac{7}{2}}^{+}[404]$ ground state, ${\frac{9}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}[514]$, ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}[402]$, and ${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{+}$[411]; in addition the following three-quasiparticle bands are observed in $^{177}\mathrm{Lu}:{\frac{23}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}[p404\ensuremath{\downarrow}+n514\ensuremath{\downarrow}+n624\ensuremath{\uparrow}]$, ${\frac{11}{2}}^{+}[p514\ensuremath{\uparrow}+n624\ensuremath{\uparrow}+n514\ensuremath{\downarrow}]$, ${\frac{13}{2}}^{+} \mathrm{and} {\frac{15}{2}}^{+}[p404\ensuremath{\downarrow}+n514\ensuremath{\downarrow}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}n510\ensuremath{\uparrow}]$, $K+2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ vibration built on the ${\frac{7}{2}}^{+}[404]$ ground state, tentatively ${\frac{17}{2}}^{+}[p404\ensuremath{\downarrow}+n514\ensuremath{\downarrow}+n512\ensuremath{\downarrow}]$, and tentatively ${\frac{13}{2}}^{+}$ and ${\frac{15}{2}}^{+}[p404\ensuremath{\downarrow}+n514\ensuremath{\downarrow}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}n521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]$. The neutron separation energy of $^{177}\mathrm{Lu}$ has been measured as 7072.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.0 keV, and the $Q$ value for the reaction $^{176}\mathrm{Lu}(d,t)^{175}\mathrm{Lu}$ as -25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15 keV. Identification of differential cross-section patterns to various members of three-quasiparticle rotational bands in both the ($d,p$) and ($d,t$) reactions indicates that this spectroscopic tool is also valuable for three-quasiparticle states. A sum rule is suggested and experimentally evaluated for the total differential cross sections in the ($d,p$) reaction to rotational members of the two different bands resulting from parallel and antiparallel coupling of the last neutron.
On-Line Settings Calculation of Stability Control Strategy Based on EEAC and Binary Search Algorithm

On-line settings calculation of optimal control strategy for operation is the basis for threshold emergency control of power systems.A new on-line calculation method based on EEAC theory and binary searching algorithm is presented.Its key techniques are to sort the candidate control strategies in the control space according to the performance cost index obtained by EEAC quantitative theory,and to quickly determine optimal control strategy and the corresponding settings for appropriate conditions with the binary search algorithm.The proposed on-line calculation method has been successfully applied in several on-line systems,and the practice shows that the method can save much time in the on-line settings calculation as to improve the efficiency of system operation.
Relation between strength and potential, competition and training

Based on dialectical thinking,the connotations of the two most general categories existing in the whole process of athletic coaching were defined and their relationship was studied so as to bring to light the nature and realistic implication of strength and potential,competition and training.
Seismological detection of low‐velocity anomalies surrounding the mantle transition zone in Japan subduction zone

In the Japan subduction zone, a locally depressed 660 discontinuity has been observed beneath northeast Asia, suggesting downwelling of materials from the mantle transition zone (MTZ). Vertical transport of water-rich MTZ materials across the major mineral phase changes could lead to water release and to partial melting in surrounding mantle regions, causing seismic low-velocity anomalies. Melt layers implied by low-velocity zones (LVZs) above the 410 discontinuity have been detected in many regions, but seismic evidence for partial melting below the 660 discontinuity has been limited. High-frequency migrated Ps receiver functions indicate LVZs below the depressed 660 discontinuity and above the 410 discontinuity in the deep Japan subduction zone, suggesting dehydration melting induced by water transport out of the MTZ. Our results provide insights into water circulation associated with dynamic interactions between the subducted slab and surrounding mantle.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Both Epimers at C-21 in the Proposed Structure of Cytotoxic Macrolide Callyspongiolide

Both epimers at C-21 in the proposed structure of (+)-callyspongiolide have been synthesized in a convergent and enantioselective manner. The 14-membered macrolide with a sensitive C2-C3 cis-olefin functionality was installed by a Yamaguchi macrolactonization of hydroxyl alkynoic acid followed by hydrogenation over Lindlar's catalyst. The C5 methyl stereocenter was constructed by a ring-closing olefin metathesis followed by addition of methyl cuprate to an α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone. Other key reactions are chiral Corey-Bakshi-Shibata (CBS) reduction and Sonogashira coupling to conjoin the macrocyclic core and side chain.
No Easy Way Out: One Community's Efforts to House Families Experiencing Homelessness:

Family homelessness is a persistent major social and public health problem. The present study used 3 years of data from a community's homeless management information system in a survival analysis that examined correlates of time to housing for 133 homeless families. A Cox regression found that veterans were 491% more likely to exit homelessness than nonveterans. Families staying with a family member or friend before entering a rapid rehousing program were 24% less likely to exit homelessness than those who were staying in an emergency shelter or other temporary housing. While 77% of the families found stable housing, the findings suggest variability of outcomes across rehousing programs and the necessity of addressing the complex needs of single, female-headed homeless families.
Evaluating Treatments for Functionally Equivalent Problem Behavior Maintained by Adult Compliance with Mands During Interactive Play

A primary goal of behavioral interventions is to reduce dangerous or inappropriate behavior and to generalize treatment effects across various settings. However, there is a lack of research evaluating generalization of treatment effects while individuals with functionally equivalent problem behavior interact with each other. For the current study, the severe problem behavior of two participants with developmental disabilities was targeted for assessment and treatment. Results of a functional analysis indicated that for both participants, problem behaviors occurred when destructive behavior produced reinforcement of participant mands . The use of a multiple schedule that alternated between differential reinforcement of other behaviors and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (mands) was sufficient to produce a significant reduction in problem behavior for one participant; the addition of differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors via compliance was necessary for the second participant. Extended treatment sessions, which focused on interaction between the two participants, involved one therapist concurrently implementing each participant’s treatment while they were directed to play with one another (a situation that previously evoked problem behavior). Results show that each participant’s treatment produced low to zero rates of problem behavior even during extended interactions.
Polynomials orthogonal with respect to cardinal B-spline weight functions

A stable and efficient discretization procedure is developed to compute the recurrence coefficients for orthogonal polynomials whose weight function is a polynomial cardinal spline of order m ≥ 1. The procedure is compared with a symbolic moment-based method developed recently by G. V. Milovanovic. Numerical examples are provided for illustration.
Screening of working pairs for adsorption heat pumps based on thermodynamic and transport characteristics

Abstract Screening analyses based on thermodynamic and heat transfer principles are conducted for adsorption heat pumps to enable the comparison of working pairs on the basis of common figures of merit. After a broad survey of working pairs in the literature, 110 are analyzed for cooling mode operation, while 81 are analyzed for heating mode operation. The analyses are conducted at operating conditions based on American Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) standards. Working pairs with ammonia as the refrigerant and activated carbon as the adsorbent are found to perform well in the heating mode and yield compact systems for both modes. Certain activated carbon + ethanol working pairs are found to perform well in the cooling mode, and some metal-organic framework + ethanol pairs perform well thermodynamically in heating mode. Based on these assessments, working pairs are recommended for both modes.
Palliative effects of H2 on SOFCs operating with carbon containing fuels

Abstract Chlorine can accelerate degradation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Ni-based anodes operating on carbon containing fuels through several different mechanisms. However, supplementing the fuel with a small percentage of excess molecular hydrogen effectively masks the degradation to the catalytic activity of the Ni and carbon fuel cracking reaction reactions. Experiments described in this work explore the chemistry behind the "palliative" effect of hydrogen on SOFCs operating with chlorine-contaminated, carbon-containing fuels using a suite of independent, complementary techniques. Operando Raman spectroscopy is used to monitor carbon accumulation and, by inference, Ni catalytic activity while electrochemical techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry are used to monitor overall cell performance. Briefly, hydrogen not only completely hides degradation observed with chlorine-contaminated carbon-containing fuels, but also actively removes adsorbed chlorine from the surface of the Ni, allowing for the methane cracking reaction to continue, albeit at a slower rate. When hydrogen is removed from the fuel stream the cell fails immediately due to chlorine occupation of methane/biogas reaction sites.
Testing the Reluctant Professor’s Hypothesis: Evaluating a Blended-Learning Approach to Distance Education

As MPA programs search for teaching options that meet students’ needs and maintain program quality, many are exploring various distance learning formats. This paper evaluates whether students with ...
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to Study Cytoskeleton

The lymphocyte hybridoma technique developed by Kohler and Milstein (1975) has been widely and successfully used in the field of immunology and virology (Melchers et al., 1978; Kennett et al., 1980; Milstein and Lennox, 1980). However, there are few reports describing the monoclonal antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins. Monoclonal antibodies against cytoskeletal components have the potential not only for improving the immunofluorescent localization of specific proteins within cells but also for analyzing the functional sites of specific proteins and identifying the previously unidentified proteins. Furthermore, they can be used together with microinjection techniques (Feramisco, 1979; Lin and Feramisco, 1981) to investigate the physiological roles of specific proteins. In this chapter, we describe some examples to illustrate the advantages of monoclonal antibodies directed against cytoskeletal components.
Microcontrollers: Architecture, Implementation, and Programming

From the Publisher: This book serves two important functions for the electronics professional: describing the underlying differences among different types of microcontrollers,and familiarizing readers with the power and complexity of the latest generation of controller designs. Microcontrollers are now found in a bewildering variety of productsfrom antilock brakes to cash registers to robotic systems. Addressing the various ways in which a controller architecture can be implemented in hardware,the emphasis here is on real-world control problems. The book also features detailed coverage of specific microcontrollerssuch as the Motorola 8-bit MC68HC11,32-bit Intel 8051 and 80960CA.
The Case Against Preemption: Vaccines & Uncertainty

Mary J. Davis is the Stites & Harbison Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the University of Kentucky College of Law. She joined the faculty of the University of Kentucky in 1991 after six years of a litigation defense practice, predominantly in products liability. She writes in the products liability field and is co-author of the textbook, Products Liability and Safety: Cases & Materials (6th ed. 2010) (with Owen and Montgomery). She is currently working on a multi-volume products liability treatise, Owen and Davis, The Law of Products Liability (forthcoming 2012). Her articles on federal preemption have contributed extensively to the drug preemption debate, including articles published in the Hastings Law Journal, Boston College Law Review, University of Pittsburgh Law Review, among others.
Economic and biophysical impacts on agriculture under 1.5°C and 2°C warming

The goal of limiting global mean warming to well below 2 °C, and possibly to 1.5 °C, emerged in the Paris Agreement, motivated by the belief that achieving these targets 'would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change'. Understanding the climate impacts of relatively low levels of warming, in particular whether there are substantial benefits to reducing emissions to limit warming to 1.5 °C rather than 2 °C, is important for informing climate policy, but such studies are scarce. Here we evaluate the difference in global biophysical and economic impacts related to agriculture between 1.5 °C–2 °C warming. Given the small difference in global average temperature, accounting for uncertainties is important, and we include key uncertainties in three main components of the analysis: climate system (regional climate variability), biophysical system (crop response to CO2 fertilization), and economic system (trade responsiveness). We are unable to meaningfully distinguish the regional agricultural impacts occurring with 1.5 °C warming from those occurring with 2 °C warming when accounting for these uncertainties. Under some assumptions 1.5°C implies benefits relative to 2 °C, while under others it implies costs. Results are most sensitive to the uncertainty in the effect of CO2 fertilization on crop yield.
Organisms With Alternative Genetic Codes Resolve Unassigned Codons via Mistranslation and Ribosomal Rescue

Organisms possessing genetic codes with unassigned codons raise the question of how cellular machinery resolves such codons and how this could impact horizontal gene transfer. Here, we use a genomically recoded Escherichia coli to examine how organisms address translation at unassigned UAG codons, which obstruct propagation of UAG-containing viruses and plasmids. Using mass spectrometry, we show that recoded organisms resolve translation at unassigned UAG codons via near-cognate suppression, dramatic frameshifting from at least -3 to +19 nucleotides, and rescue by ssrA-encoded tmRNA, ArfA, and ArfB. We then demonstrate that deleting tmRNA restores expression of UAG-ending proteins and propagation of UAG-containing viruses and plasmids in the recoded strain, indicating that tmRNA rescue and nascent peptide degradation is the cause of impaired virus and plasmid propagation. The ubiquity of tmRNA homologs suggests that genomic recoding is a promising path for impairing horizontal gene transfer and conferring genetic isolation in diverse organisms.
Trends in Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Conditions at Major Airports in the United States

AbstractWeather-related delays are among the most common in aviation and are frequently the result of low visibility or cloud ceilings, which cause landing aircraft to be spaced farther apart for s...
The effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on theGonyaulax clock

Cycloheximide has been shown to be potent in phase-shifting the circadian glow rhythm of the dinoflagellateGonyaulax polyedra. In experiments in which the cells were exposed to drug pulses of varying concentration (0.35 μM to 10 μM) and duration (0.5 h to 8 h), the phase shift produced was linear with the log of the product of pulse strength and duration. The sensitivity to drug-induced phase shifting varies as a function of time of day; both advances and delays occurred and, depending on the strength of the perturbation, resulted in strong or weak-type phase response curves. Pulses given at different times after the light/dark to constant dim transition resulted in a crossover from delays to advances at about 15.5 h; this crossover point was the same at 19 °C and 24°C. The occurrence of extended transients following cycloheximide-induced phase advances (but not delays) appears to be the first example of such transients in a microbial circadian system.
During Sigmoid Resection for Diverticulitis, the Patient Is Found to Have Diffuse Diverticulosis

When creating a colorectal anastomosis, it is important not to incorporate diverticula into the staple line.
Rural Hospital Nursing Skill Mix and Work Environment Associated with Frequency of Adverse Events.

Introduction:Although rural hospitals serve about one fifth of the United States, few studies have investigated relationships among nursing resources and rural hospital adverse events.Objectives:Th...
Early Work Experience and Engineering: Evidence from Random Assignment to Experiential Education

We investigate the effects that early exposure to professional work experience has on 2,243 Engineering undergraduates from a top-40 US program. Individuals were randomly assigned to full-time prof...
Attachment classification and years of service in a sample of human service providers working in child welfare

Employee turnover is a pressing problem facing human service professions, especially professionals providing services in the child welfare system. Few studies have examined whether psychological ch...
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Treated with Direct Coronary Stenting

BACKGROUND Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare medical emergency characterized by non-traumatic and non-iatrogenic tearing of the intima of a coronary artery, with an estimated incidence of 1-4%. CASE REPORT A 39-year-old woman with no known cardiac risk factors or recent trauma presented with acute chest pain, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes consistent with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, and elevated cardiac enzymes. Coronary angiography revealed near-complete stenosis of the distal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery with findings consistent with coronary artery dissection. Due to ongoing chest pain refractory to medical therapy, she underwent successful complex intervention on the distal LAD lesion with a 2.0×30 mm Onyx drug-eluting stent that was post-dilated to high pressure with a 2.5 noncompliant balloon, reducing the 99% stenosis to a 0% residual. She recovered fully and was discharged on aggressive risk factor modification with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) and high-intensity statin. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare condition that can present with ECG changes and ischemic symptoms identical to ST-elevation transmural myocardial infarction secondary to plaque rupture. Coronary angiography is required to evaluate patients, and, depending on the catheterization findings, the patient's hemodynamic profile, and severity of ischemic symptoms, complex interventions such as direct coronary stenting can best treat patients such as ours, while medical management might be considered for others.