cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Aerial Survey Methods for Dall's Sheep

Abstract Most Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) population-monitoring efforts use intensive aerial surveys with no attempt to estimate variance or adjust for potential sightability bias. We used radiocollared sheep to assess factors that could affect sightability of Dall's sheep in standard fixed-wing and helicopter surveys and to evaluate feasibility of methods that might account for sightability bias. Work was conducted in conjunction with annual aerial surveys of Dall's sheep in the western Baird Mountains, Alaska, USA, in 2000–2003. Overall sightability was relatively high compared with other aerial wildlife surveys, with 88% of the available, marked sheep detected in our fixed-wing surveys. Total counts from helicopter surveys were not consistently larger than counts from fixed-wing surveys of the same units, and detection probabilities did not differ for the 2 aircraft types. Our results suggest that total counts from helicopter surveys cannot be used to obtain reliable estimates of detection probabil...
Merging the Health System and Education Silos to Better Educate Future Physicians.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is shifting physician reimbursement from volume to value. Academic medical centers (AMCs) are responsible for educating future physicians so that they will acquire the skills to practice valuebased care. However, the linkages between the leaders of health systems and leaders of residency education may be tenuous, primarily because these leaders exist in separate silos in AMCs.
Mobile GPU power consumption reduction via dynamic resolution and frame rate scaling

The emerging industry trend of ever-increasing display density on mobile devices has dramatically increased workload placed on a mobile GPU's. Because mobile GPU power consumption increases almost linearly with workload, increasing the display density directly decreases battery life of a device. While this tradeoff is acceptable if user experience is improved, display densities beyond that which the human eye can perceive would result in decreased device battery life for no perceptible gain. Further, the workload imposed by such high density displays may invalidate the previous requirement that the interface always run at high frame rates. In this paper, we show that the display on some modern devices already exceeds human perceptive capabilities, a feature which can be exploited at runtime in order to reduce GPU power consumption. Our proposed method includes both resolution and refresh rate scaling, which are shown to reduce mobile GPU power consumption by up to 33% and 38%, respectively. We conclude with a discussion of how such a system may be implemented on existing devices.
Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Energetics

Both a static and a momentum-dependent potential are derived from one-meson-exchange Born amplitudes, and are adjusted to fit (i) the deuteron binding energy and quadrupole moment, (ii) $S$, $P$, and $D$ partial waves from 25 to 310 MeV, and (iii) the binding energy and saturation property of nuclear matter. This is possible through a different form of the central and tensor potentials which has not been used previously to calculate problems (i), (ii), and (iii) above. We find the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ meson unsuitable to describe the two-pion-exchange region in that a potential with meson parameters common to all partial waves is not achieved.
Hazards of Nonprescription Medications

There are hundreds of nonprescription medications available to the consumer. Among these are a number that have potential for toxicity when taken in overdoses or in combination with other medications. This article addresses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of selected over-the-counter medication intoxications including antihistamines, dextromethorphan, sympathomimetics, nutritional supplements, and herbal preparations. Language: en
Flag State Responsibility for Illegal, Unreported and Unrelated Fishing in Foreign EEZs

One of the notable shortcomings of the present international legal regime applicable to capture fisheries is the absence of global treaty-based regulation of flag state responsibility for national fishing vessels in foreign EEZs. However, as this paper shows, there exists persuasive evidence of relevant customary international law. By drawing on states’ bilateral access to fisheries treaty practice, various relevant soft law instruments and by making analogous use of high seas fisheries and port state control agreements and the practice of RFMOs, the paper sketches a fairly detailed picture of core flag state obligations. These obligations and their breach are the principal questions of a recent request of West African origin for an advisory opinion by the International Tribunal of the Law of Sea. As the paper discusses, this request offers the prospect for an authoritative judicial opinion with implications not only for the management of West African offshore fisheries, but also for the rules of international law governing flag states and their relationship to IUU fishing in general. Moreover, considering that states have refrained from formally invoking the principle of flag state responsibility in the context of IUU fishing, the request may result in an important legal precedent that clarifies the circumstances in which a flag state will be deemed to have breached its primary obligations and thus to have incurred liability or international responsibility proper.
Arteriographic findings in mediastinal chemodectoma.

Although chemodectomas of the mediastinum are uncommon lesions, they have very characteristic arteriographic findings. When a vascular tumor mass is found in the region of the aortic bodies, mediastinal chemodectoma should be considered. Angiography is valuable in defining the vascular supply and determining the resectability of mediastinal chemodectomas.
An Optimal Estimate for the Local Discontinuous Galerkin Method

L 2 error estimates for the Local Discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method have been theoretically proven for linear convection diffusion problems and periodic boundary conditions. It has been proven that when polynomials of degree k are used, the LDG method has a suboptimal order of convergence k. However, numerical experiments show that under a suitable choice of the numerical flux, higher order of convergence can be achieved. In this paper, we consider Dirichlet boundary conditions and we show that the LDG method has an optimal order of convergence k + 1.
Limited Capitalism, Institutionalism, and Marxism

This chapter examines a part of the relationship between institutionalism and Marxism. Particular attention is given to Ayres (1946), Galbraith (1967), and Baran and Sweezy (1966). The procedure of the chapter is to review Ayres’ analysis of the underconsumption tendency of capitalism and demonstrate its remarkable similarity to the analysis of Baran and Sweezy. Then it is argued that Galbraith’s analysis identifies the capitalist solution to this problem and that this analysis is important to contemporary Marxism. Finally, it is argued that Galbraith’s analysis is itself incomplete without something like the Marxist theory of alienation.
Pain, disability, and physical functioning in subgroups of patients with fibromyalgia.

Objective To investigate (1) whether patients with fibromyalgia (FM) could be subgrouped on the basis of psychosocial and behavioral responses to pain, and (2) the relationships among pain severity, perceived disability, and observed physical functioning, as measured by cervical spinal mobility. Methods 117 patients with FM received a comprehensive examination, underwent physical performance tasks during the evaluation, and completed self-report inventories. Results About 87% of the patients could be classified into the Multidimensional Pain Inventory clustering groups identified and validated in patients with a range of chronic pain problems (Dysfunctional, Interpersonally Distressed, and Adaptive Copers). Although the 3 groups exhibited comparable levels of physical functioning, the Dysfunctional and Interpersonally Distressed patients reported higher levels of pain, disability, and depression. Interpersonally Distressed patients also reported significantly lower levels of marital satisfaction than the other 2 subgroups. There were significant associations between pain severity and perceived disability, and pain severity and physical functioning, defined by spinal mobility tests. The relationship between disability and physical functioning did not reach statistical significance. Correlational analyses by subgroups revealed a significant association between patient perceived disability and physical functioning in the Adaptive Copers, but not the Dysfunctional or Interpersonally Distressed patients. Conclusions Patients with FM can be classified into 3 subgroups based on psychosocial and behavioral characteristics. These subgroups show substantial differences in clinical presentation of their symptoms. Although the results should be considered preliminary due to the narrow range of physical functioning, the differential relationships between perceived disability and physical functioning across cluster groups suggest the importance of FM syndrome as a heterogeneous disorder. Treating patients with FM as a homogeneous group may compromise research results, impede understanding of the mechanisms underlying this condition, and deter development of effective treatment.
A nonreciprocal, frequency-tunable notch amplifier based on Distributedly Modulated Capacitors (DMC)

The tuning range of a high-Q resonator or a bandpass filter in conventional technology is very limited and often with high insertion loss in the passband. Recently, the directional parametric conversion effect in time-varying transmission lines (TVTLs) has been utilized to develop nonmagnetic nonreciprocal components operating like circulators [1, 2]. In a TVTL, the two frequencies, the original RF and the up-converted RF, are cross-coupled through a single-tone carrier. Such property can be used for a frequency-tunable high-gain narrowband amplifier through the creation of the sharp resonance at the up-converted frequency. In this work, the concept of the frequency-tunable notch amplifier based on the TVTL is validated and demonstrated with analysis and experiments. We propose to form a feedback loop of a TVTL in one of its practical implementations called Distributedly Modulated Capacitors (DMC). The narrowband gain of the notch amplifier can be tuned over a wide frequency range by just tuning the carrier frequency that modulates the TVTL. An experiment prototype on a Rogers board demonstrated larger than 17 dB gain with a less than 10 MHz bandwidth at a center frequency tunable from 1.48 to 1.65 GHz.
Paclitaxel inhibits post-traumatic recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in a canine model

Objectives/Hypothesis To investigate the efficacy of paclitaxel, a potent microtubule inhibitor with a more favorable therapeutic index as compared with vincristine, in preventing post-traumatic nerve regeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in a canine laryngeal model. Study Design Experimental animal study. Methods Forty-nine canine hemilaryngeal specimens were divided into five experimental groups. Under general anesthesia, a tracheostomy, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) transection and repair, and laryngeal adductory pressures (LAP) were measured pre–RLN injury. The approach to the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle for neurotoxin injection was transoral or open transcervical, at 0 or 3 months. At 6 months, postinjury LAPs were measured and the animals were sacrificed at 6 months to allow for laryngeal harvesting and analysis. Results Paclitaxel demonstrated increased mean laryngeal adductory pressures (70.6%) as compared with saline control (55.5%). The effect of paclitaxel was the same as observed with vincristine at 0 months and with a delayed injection at 3 months. There was no difference between transoral or open injection groups. Conclusions PCA muscle injection with paclitaxel resulted in improved strength of laryngeal adduction. This effect was similar to that of vincristine at both 0 and 3 months following nerve injury. A single intramuscular injection of paclitaxel was well tolerated. Additional human studies are needed to determine the degree of clinical benefit of this intervention. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2016
Optimal control for geometric motion planning of a robot diver

Inertial reorientation of airborne articulated bodies has been an active area of research in the robotics community, as this behavior can help guide dynamic robots to a safe landing with minimal damage. The main objective of this work is emulating the aggressive and large angle correction maneuvers, like somersaults, that are performed by human divers. To this end, a planar three link robot, called DiverBot, is proposed. By considering a gravity-free scenario, a local connection is obtained between joint angles and the body orientation, resulting in a reduction in the system dynamics. An optimal control policy applied on this reduced configuration space yielded diving maneuvers that are dynamically feasible. Numerical results show that the DiverBot can execute one somersault without drift and multiple somersaults with minimal drift.
Scoping review and evaluation of SMS/text messaging platforms for mHealth projects or clinical interventions

Abstract Objectives Mobile technology supporting text messaging interventions (TMIs) continues to evolve, presenting challenges for researchers and healthcare professionals who need to choose software solutions to best meet their program needs. The objective of this review was to systematically identify and compare text messaging platforms and to summarize their advantages and disadvantages as described in peer-reviewed literature. Methods A scoping review was conducted using four steps: 1) identify currently available platforms through online searches and in mHealth repositories; 2) expand evaluation criteria of an mHealth mobile messaging toolkit and integrate prior user experiences as researchers; 3) evaluate each platform’s functions and features based on the expanded criteria and a vendor survey; and 4) assess the documentation of platform use in the peer-review literature. Platforms meeting inclusion criteria were assessed independently by three reviewers and discussed until consensus was reached. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to report findings. Results Of the 1041 potentially relevant search results, 27 platforms met inclusion criteria. Most were excluded because they were not platforms (e.g., guides, toolkits, reports, or SMS gateways). Of the 27 platforms, only 12 were identified in existing mHealth repositories, 10 from Google searches, while five were found in both. The expanded evaluation criteria included 22 items. Results indicate no uniform presentation of platform features and functions, often making these difficult to discern. Fourteen of the platforms were reported as open source, 10 focused on health care and 16 were tailored to meet needs of low resource settings (not mutually exclusive). Fifteen platforms had do-it-yourself setup (programming not required) while the remainder required coding/programming skills or setups could be built to specification by the vendor. Frequently described features included data security and access to the platform via cloud-based systems. Pay structures and reported targeted end-users varied. Peer-reviewed publications listed only 6 of the 27 platforms across 21 publications. The majority of these articles reported the name of the platform used but did not describe advantages or disadvantages. Conclusions Searching for and comparing mHealth platforms for TMIs remains a challenge. The results of this review can serve as a resource for researchers and healthcare professionals wanting to integrate TMIs into health interventions. Steps to identify, compare and assess advantages and disadvantages are outlined for consideration. Expanded evaluation criteria can be used by future researchers. Continued and more comprehensive platform tools should be integrated into mHealth repositories. Detailed descriptions of platform advantages and disadvantages are needed when mHealth researchers publish findings to expand the body of research on TMI tools for healthcare. Standardized descriptions and features are recommended for vendor sites.
Homicidal Neck Compression of Females: Autopsy and Sexual Assault Findings:

Homicides due to neck compression have been noted to commonly occur with sexual assault motives. We reviewed all female homicides in which the cause of death involved neck compression, smothering, ...
Shellfish, water, and entanglements: Inter-community interaction and exchange in the Huanangue Valley, Peru

Abstract Though there is a wide and diverse body of literature on interaction theory in the social sciences, it is only recently that the economic, political, and cultural implications of interaction have been studied in ancient Andean societies. This paper explores the outcomes of interaction between Chancay settlers and local chaupiyunginos in the Huanangue Valley, Peru, during the Late Intermediate Period (1100–1470 CE). Drawing from entanglement theory—which explores the complex types of relationships that develop between groups when exotic goods are inserted into local systems of value (Dietler, 1998, 2010; Hodder, 2012 )—I argue that intergroup exchange and resource sharing could draw small scale groups living on the western slopes of the Andes into webs of interdependency. Using a combination of ethnohistoric and archaeological data, I argue that Chancay colonists became entangled with local chaupiyunginos due to the Chancay’s need for irrigation water and the chaupiyungino ’s desire for marine goods. Furthermore, though many cases of entanglement lead to one group being subjugated by the other, the Chancay’s economic power and the chaupiyungino ’s tactical power may have prevented this from happening.
A THz impulse communications system

THz impulse communications is a new system concept based on an imaging radar that we have been developing for biomedical imaging applications the past ten years. Its hybrid architecture combines the high-peak-power and spread-spectrum of photoconductive-switch transmitters with the high-responsivity and broad-bandwidth (RF and video) of Schottky-rectifier receivers. The data is impressed by simple on-off keying of the transmitter utilizing the very stable repetition frequency of the fiber mode-locked laser (MLL) that drives the PC switch.
Are Barbed Sutures Associated With 90-day Reoperation Rates After Primary TKA?

Studies have suggested that barbed sutures for wound closure in TKAs are an acceptable alternative to standard methods. However others have observed a higher risk of wound-related complications with barbed sutures. (1) Do 90-day TKA reoperation rates differ between patients undergoing a barbed suture arthrotomy closure compared with a traditional interrupted closure? (2) Do the 90-day reoperation rates of wound-related, deep infection, and arthrotomy failure complications differ between barbed suture and traditional closures? A retrospective analysis of a longitudinally maintained institutional primary TKA database was conducted on all TKAs performed between April 2011 and September 2015. We compared 884 primary TKAs, where the arthrotomy was closed with a barbed suture, with 1598 primary TKAs closed with the standard interrupted suture. After barbed sutures were introduced at our institution in 2012, the majority of surgeons gradually switched to barbed suture closures, with many using them exclusively by the end of the data collection period. We confirmed in-person followups and available data past 90 days for 97.4% (1556 of 1598) of the knees in patients with standard sutures and 94.8% (838 of 884) of the knees in patients with barbed sutures. Our primary endpoint was all-cause 90-day reoperation; our secondary endpoints considered: wound-related reoperation, as defined by previous studies; deep infection per Musculoskeletal Infection Society guidelines; and arthrotomy failure, defined intraoperatively as an opening or dehiscence through the previous arthrotomy closure. T tests and chi-square analyses were used to determine differences between the suture cohorts, and bivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations with our 90-day reoperation outcomes. With the numbers available, there was no association between suture type and 90-day all-cause reoperation (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% CI, 0.82–3.53; p = 0.156). Suture type was not associated with wound-related reoperation (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 0.97–7.69; p = 0.058). A 0.6% (five of 884) arthrotomy failure rate was observed in the barbed cohort while no (0 of 1598) arthrotomy failures were noted in the traditional group (p = 0.003). Deep infections were rare in both groups (two of 884 barbed sutures, 0 of 1598 standard sutures) and could not be compared. Although we saw no difference in overall and wound-related 90-day reoperation rates by suture type with the numbers available, we observed a higher frequency in our secondary question of arthrotomy failures when barbed sutures are used for arthrotomy closure during TKA. Given the widespread use of this closure technique, our preliminary pilot results warrant further investigation in larger multicenter cohorts. Level III, therapeutic study.
Biopipe: A Lightweight System Enabling Comparison of Bioinformatics Tools and Workflows

Analyzing next generation sequencing data always requires researchers to install many tools, prepare input data compliant to the required data format, and execute the tools in specific orders. Such tool installation and workflow execution process is tedious and error-prone, and becomes very challenging when researchers need to compare multiple alternative tool chains. To mitigate this problem, we developed a new lightweight and portable system, Biopipe, to simplify the creation and execution of bioinformatics tools and workflows, and to further enable the comparison between alternative tools or workflows. Biopipe allows users to create and edit workflows with user-friendly web interfaces, and automates tool installation as well as workflow synthesis by downloading and executing predefined Docker images. With Biopipe, biologists can easily experiment with and compare different bioinformatics tools and workflows without much computer science knowledge. There are mainly two parts in Biopipe: a web application and a standalone Java application. They are freely available at http://bench.cs.vt.edu:8282/Biopipe-Workflow-Editor-0.0.1/index.xhtml and https://code.vt.edu/saima5/Biopipe-Run-Workflow.
Mercury removal using metal sulfide porous carbon complex

Abstract Utilization of impregnated carbons (silver/sulfur/iodide) for mercury removal is common, however with limitations in adsorption capacity and application. Continued efforts to develop porous sorbents with better mercury adsorption capacity and kinetics are evident from open literature with the recent focus being on metal sulfide based impregnated porous carbons. However reports on application of metal sulfide based porous carbon adsorbents for gas phase mercury removal are not available in open literature. Towards this objective, the present work attempts to synthesis three different metal sulfide based porous carbons identified as C/CuS, C/ZnS and C/FeS utilizing ultrasound induced wet impregnation method. The adsorbents were subjected to characterization utilizing BET, XRD, FTIR and SEM and were tested for its mercury adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of the metal sulfide porous carbons increased nearly three to four fold times with increase in adsorption temperature from 50 to 100 °C attributed to the predominance of the chemisorption. Among the three metal sulfide based porous carbons C/CuS was found to exhibit highest adsorption capacity of 23 mg/g at 100 °C.
Use of time, space, frequency, and angle data products in understanding target-in-the-environment scattering physics

Broadband, multi-aspect time domain data of scattering from targets placed on sediment interfaces contains a wealth of information about the target and the modifications to the target scattering due to its location in the ocean environment. Different data products derived from the data can be used together to gain a better insight into the overall physical processes at play. We use a 2:1 aluminum cylinder and a 2:1 aluminum pipe to demonstrate the utility of different types of data products. Domains examined include imaging in the horizontal plane, frequency response as a function of look angle, and time domain response as a function of look angle. We then examine these same domains using relatively narrow windows of time with varying start times. This analysis allows visualization of the evolution of the physical mechanisms involved. [Sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.]Broadband, multi-aspect time domain data of scattering from targets placed on sediment interfaces contains a wealth of information about the target and the modifications to the target scattering due to its location in the ocean environment. Different data products derived from the data can be used together to gain a better insight into the overall physical processes at play. We use a 2:1 aluminum cylinder and a 2:1 aluminum pipe to demonstrate the utility of different types of data products. Domains examined include imaging in the horizontal plane, frequency response as a function of look angle, and time domain response as a function of look angle. We then examine these same domains using relatively narrow windows of time with varying start times. This analysis allows visualization of the evolution of the physical mechanisms involved. [Sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.]
Surgical implications of juxtaposition of the atrial appendages: A review of forty-nine autopsied hearts

We studied 49 hearts with juxtaposition of the atrial appendages, concentrating on the associated malformations and features of operative importance. Left juxtaposition was found in 42 cases (86%) and right juxtaposition in seven cases (14%). In the group of hearts with right juxtaposition, a normal segmental arrangement was present in three cases, double inlet in two cases, and double-outlet right ventricle in the remaining two cases. Hearts with left juxtaposition had usual atrial arrangement with concordant atrioventricular connection, together with anomalous ventriculoarterial connection in 22 cases and univentricular atrioventricular connection in 19 cases. Only one specimen had a normal segmental arrangement A partial form of left juxtaposition was present in 60% of the specimens. Hearts with left juxtaposition had a transverse orientation of the atrial septum, which was displaced posteriorly and inferiorly in the medial atrial wall, separated from the orifice of the juxtaposed appendage by a muscular band. A small right atrial chamber was noted in hearts with anomalous ventriculoarterial connection, creating the potential for anatomic difficulties during operation conducted within the atria. In two thirds of the cases with classic tricuspid atresia, the size of the orifice of the juxtaposed appendage was larger than the atrial septal defect, and an anastomosis of the appendage with the pulmonary trunk was morphologically feasible.
Analysis of delayed product differentiation under pull type policies

Delayed product differentiation (DPD) increases manufacturers' competitiveness in the market by enabling them to more quickly respond to changes in customers' demands. DPD has also been shown to require less Work-in-Process (WIP) than a non-DPD setup in some cases. Although there are many papers on this topic, previous research was mainly focused on the level of semi-finished and/or finished good inventory under a base-stock policy. The control of WIP inventory was not considered. DPD may also improve response times under pull inventory control schemes, in which the amount of WIP is controlled directly. Possible alternatives are kanban, CONstant-WIP (CONWIP) and multiple CONWIP loops. These systems can be modeled as closed queueing networks in which a fixed number of kanbans circulate as customers among each set of one or more processing stages. The interfaces between kanban loops in the queueing networks greatly complicate the analysis of these systems. There are currently no exact methods to determine how many kanbans to have in each loop achieve specified throughputs. In this study, we first developed models to analyze the performance of simple kanban and CONWIP controlled systems and set the number of kanbans to achieve a specified performance level. The models help us better understand the behavior of pull systems. The performance evaluation method uses nonlinear programming (NLP) models to bound the throughput for fixed number of kanbans or minimize the number of kanbans necessary to achieve a specified throughput. These simple models can also serve as the foundation for developing analytical models of more complex systems. The model shows how random supplies and demands prevent equilibrium from occurring in a single-stage kanbans system.
Rational Expectations, Risk, Uncertainty, and Market Responses

The incorporation of rational expectations into economic models is widely recognized as one of the more significant advances in economic theory during the past decade. The advances are methodological—improvements in the methods economists use to derive the implications of dynamic models and the treatment of unanticipated changes. Many of the substantive benefits of the methods remain in the future, however. The reason is that the models used to illustrate rational expectations typically endow people with more information than they usually have.
Computational Science and Its Effects

This chapter discusses ways in which the rise of computational science has changed the epistemplogy and metaphysics of science. It argues that computational science constitutes neither a Kuhnian revolution nor a “Hacking Revolution”, but an emplacement revolution.
Trade Credit Policy in Long-Term Supply Contracts

This study explores the role of trade credit using a unique sample of long-term supply contracts collected from SEC filings. The contracts provide rich detail of the variation in the types and amounts of credit, as well as buyer and supplier characteristics and other product market variables. I provide evidence that the role of trade credit changes over the life of the trade relationship. Financing terms in first-time trade contracts help to mitigate adverse selection; when information asymmetry about product quality is high, suppliers extend longer days payable to allow buyers time to inspect products before payment. In established relationships, trade credit serves a financing role; lending decisions adjust to the respective exposure of suppliers and buyers to financial constraints. As credit flows from the least to the most financially constrained firms, I find that (i) product prices adjust and (ii) the investment of financially constrained firms increases. Overall, the results suggest that the role of trade credit varies based on the type of relationship involved.
What’s your favorite music? Music preferences cue racial identity

Abstract Past research has shown that music preferences can provide meaningful personality and identity clues. However, no research has examined whether music preferences can convey meaningful information regarding racial identity. Across two studies, we find racial differences in music preferences and demonstrate that Black participants with lower racial centrality are more likely to prefer music associated with White Americans. In Study 1, we find that strangers can make somewhat accurate racial judgments based on music preferences alone. In Study 2, we demonstrate that people are aware of how their music preferences reflect their race. The results suggest that people have strong racial associations with certain music genres and thus may use music preferences to communicate about their racial identities.
Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Surrogate Decision-Makers of Patients with Chronic Critical Illness

Rationale: Chronically critically ill patients are often dependent on family members for surrogate decision-making, and these surrogates are at high risk for emotional distress. We hypothesized tha...
Product Scheduling in a Flowshop Cell

Abstract Effectiveness of the scheduling and sequencing of the products on the cells has a major impact on the productivity of a manufacturing system. Since the scheduling and sequencing processes depend on product variety and the demand values of products in the cell many studies have appeared in the literature to group the products to product families. In this context, a given dissimilarity coefficient is proposed where each product family is divided into subfamilies based on maximizing processing time dissimilarity coefficient. The gap between the processing times will be higher. Also, the bottleneck machine shifts from one product to others. Furthermore, two methods, batch scheduling method and scheduling in different arrival patterns by using simulation, are utilized to schedule the products in the system. In the batch scheduling method, two techniques, line clearance batch technique, and continuous flow batch technique, are used to schedule the products in the flowshop cell. In the second method, the simulation models are used to schedule the products with different arrival patterns. The probability to mix the products in this method is high, whenever the gap between the processing times is large. However, the makespan for each method is calculated to determine the performance of the system. The results show that scheduling the products with different arrival patterns reduces the makespan of the system.
LayerCode: optical barcodes for 3D printed shapes

With the advance of personal and customized fabrication techniques, the capability to embed information in physical objects becomes evermore crucial. We present LayerCode, a tagging scheme that embeds a carefully designed barcode pattern in 3D printed objects as a deliberate byproduct of the 3D printing process. The LayerCode concept is inspired by the structural resemblance between the parallel black and white bars of the standard barcode and the universal layer-by-layer approach of 3D printing. We introduce an encoding algorithm that enables the 3D printing layers to carry information without altering the object geometry. We also introduce a decoding algorithm that reads the LayerCode tag of a physical object by just taking a photo. The physical deployment of LayerCode tags is realized on various types of 3D printers, including Fused Deposition Modeling printers as well as Stereolithography based printers. Each offers its own advantages and tradeoffs. We show that LayerCode tags can work on complex, nontrivial shapes, on which all previous tagging mechanisms may fail. To evaluate LayerCode thoroughly, we further stress test it with a large dataset of complex shapes using virtual rendering. Among 4,835 tested shapes, we successfully encode and decode on more than 99% of the shapes.
Sr11InSb9 grown from molten In

Single crystals of the title compound, undeca­strontium indium nona­anti­monide, have been synthesized from a high-temperature reaction using a stoichiometric ratio of the elements Sr and Sb and excess In to act as a self-flux. The noncentrosymmetric structure has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and has been found to be of the Ca11InSb9 structure type (Pearson code oI84). The structure can be visualized as being built of 11 Sr2+ cations, an [InSb4]9− tetra­hedron, an [Sb2]4− dimer and three Sb3− anions. One of six crystallographically independent Sr atoms, one of five Sb atoms and the In atom are located on positions with ..2 symmetry.
Non-Contact Antenna Characterization via One-Port Network Calibration

The millimeter wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) transceiver-integrated antennas continue to find novel applications in many imaging and wireless communication scenarios. Along with the current advancements in electronic transceiver technologies, integrated antenna designs facilitate the implementation of low-profile, high-performance sensors and network nodes and enable unprecedented system-level functionality. Nevertheless, a key challenge in development of such systems is the complexity associated with the characterization of the chip-integrated antennas in mmW and THz bands. In a conventional setting, the antenna performance is highly influenced by test cables and connectors as well as the environment in the antenna's vicinity. High losses associated with the cables, connectors and probes further degrade measurement quality and repeatability at mmW and THz frequencies.
Transitioning to Teaching Science in Higher Education: Exploring Informal Dialogical Approaches to Teaching in a Formal Educational Setting.

Dialogue is a critical component of teaching, especially when considering it from a sociocultural theory of learning. An instructor’s knowledge of the subject matter is critical, but not sufficient...
Disparity in Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin that imposes a significant burden on individuals, caretakers, and the healthcare system. It is a complex condition in which both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are at play to affect the severity and clinical course of the disease. Individuals with atopic dermatitis are particularly susceptible to healthcare disparities, which affect the severity and treatment of this condition.
A latent class analysis of heavy substance use in Young adulthood and impacts on physical, cognitive, and mental health outcomes in middle age.

Abstract Background This study examines whether longitudinal patterns of persistent or experimental heavy substance use across young adulthood were associated with physical and mental health in midlife. Methods Data (N = 21,347) from Monitoring the Future from adolescence (age 18) to midlife (age 40) were used. Repeated measures latent class analysis modeled patterns of patterns of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs across young adulthood (ages 18–30). Latent classes were then used as predictors of physical health problems, cognitive problems, self-rated health, and psychological problems in midlife (age 40), while controlling for sociodemographic variables (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, parental education). Results Identified classes were “Extreme Heavy Users” (3.9%), “Early Young Adult Users” (8.9%), “Cigarette Smokers” (9.2%), “All But Cigarette Smokers” (5.0%), “Frequent Alcohol Bingers” (10.4%), and “Not-Heavy Users” (62.6%). Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, and Cigarette Smokers had significantly poorer overall health based on a number of physical conditions and self-rated health. Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, Cigarette Smokers, and All But Cigarette Smokers had more cognitive problems than other classes. Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, Cigarette Smokers, and All But Cigarette Smokers were more likely to see a health professional for a psychological problem. Conclusions Patterns of heavy substance use were associated with health across decades. Regular cigarette smokers and heavy users across substances and ages had the worst health in midlife, although even those with time-limited use during young adulthood were at risk for later physical and cognitive health problems.
The influence of business intelligence components on the quality of decision making

Decision makers require the right information at the right time, in the right place and in the right format so that they can make good decisions. Although business intelligence (BI) has the potential to improve decision making, there is little empirical evidence of how well this has been achieved. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the quality of decisions made using BI. The research question it addresses is what are the key antecedents of decision quality for users of business intelligence systems? The theoretical support for the model is developed based on the literature review that draws on decision support systems (DSS), group decision support systems (GDSS), and BI. Grounded on this literature review, the antecedents of decision quality are operationalized in this dissertation through independent variables such as the problem space complexity, the level of BI usage, the BI user experience, and information quality. The dependent variable is operationalized as decision quality and it captures the self-satisfaction with a decision made by users in a BI environment. The research model was tested using a survey of BI users whose names were provided by a marketing company. This research suggests that BI user experience is a more complex construct than has been initially thought.
The relationship of self-stigma of depression to evangelical beliefs and religious practices

This study seeks to confirm and expand on a previous study which found a greater self-stigma of depression among Christians as compared with the general population. An electronic survey was distrib...
A pilot study of an automated personal identification process: Applying machine learning to panoramic radiographs.

Purpose This study aimed to assess the usefulness of machine learning and automation techniques to match pairs of panoramic radiographs for personal identification. Materials and Methods Two hundred panoramic radiographs from 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) were randomly selected from a private radiological service database. Initially, 14 linear and angular measurements of the radiographs were made by an expert. Eight ratio indices derived from the original measurements were applied to a statistical algorithm to match radiographs from the same patients, simulating a semi-automated personal identification process. Subsequently, measurements were automatically generated using a deep neural network for image recognition, simulating a fully automated personal identification process. Results Approximately 85% of the radiographs were correctly matched by the automated personal identification process. In a limited number of cases, the image recognition algorithm identified 2 potential matches for the same individual. No statistically significant differences were found between measurements performed by the expert on panoramic radiographs from the same patients. Conclusion Personal identification might be performed with the aid of image recognition algorithms and machine learning techniques. This approach will likely facilitate the complex task of personal identification by performing an initial screening of radiographs and matching ante-mortem and post-mortem images from the same individuals.
O26 Local Farmers and Food Procurement in Mississippi Delta Schools: Fertile Ground

Background School food service administrators in the Mississippi Delta are procuring fruits and vegetables (FV) grown mainly outside of the agricultural region. Opportunities for local farmers to increase profits and provide fresh FV to children attending Mississippi Delta schools may be prolific. Objective Objectives of this study were to determine and compare FV procurement amounts (weight and cost) in 2 Mississippi Delta school districts, 1 participating in the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) for 2 consecutive years. Study Design, Setting, Participants Procurement data from 2 Mississippi Delta school districts, academic years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, were obtained and compiled. Only foods categorized as FV were included. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Amounts of procured FV were calculated as weight in pounds and cost in dollars for each school district and for each academic year. Results In the FFVP district, 18 and 16 different fruits were purchased in respective years with apples, oranges, mixed fruit, and either pears or juice representing half of expenditures and by weight. For vegetables 20 and 19 different types were purchased in respective years with potatoes, greens and either corn or tomatoes representing half of expenditures and potatoes, tomatoes, and either greens or legumes representing half by weight. In the non-FFVP district, 12 different fruits were purchased in both years with apples and juice representing half of expenditures and juice alone accounting for 50% by weight. For vegetables 18 and 17 different types were purchased in respective years with potatoes, tomatoes and either corn or juice representing half of expenditures and by weight. Changes in percentage amounts were small except for fruits (increase) for the FFVP school district. Conclusion These school districts spend substantial amounts on non-locally sourced produce, much of which could be grown in the deep fertile soil of the Mississippi Delta.
Management of Calcified Cephalohematoma of Infancy: The University of Michigan 25-Year Experience.

BACKGROUND Cephalohematoma of infancy is the result of a subperiosteal blood collection that usually forms during birth-related trauma. A small proportion of cephalohematomas can calcify over time, causing a permanent calvarial deformity that is only correctable with surgery. The authors present a technique for the excision and reconstruction of calcified cephalohematoma and their management experience over the past 25 years. METHODS All patients with a diagnosis of calcified cephalohematoma between 1994 and 2019 were identified. Patients were included if the diagnosis was confirmed by a pediatric plastic surgeon or a neurosurgeon. All patients underwent surgical evaluation followed by surgical intervention or observation. Patient demographics and potential risk factors for both surgical and nonsurgical groups were compared using chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Additional data were collected for the surgical cohort. RESULTS Of 160 infants diagnosed with cephalohematoma, 72 met inclusion criteria. Thirty patients underwent surgical treatment. There was no significant difference in demographics, baseline characteristics, or potential risk factors between the operative and nonoperative groups. Mean age at the time of surgery was 8.6 months. Twenty-one surgical patients (70 percent) required inlay bone grafting. All surgery patients had improvement in calvarial shape. The main risk of surgery was blood loss requiring transfusion [eight patients (26.7 percent)]. Thirteen percent of patients experienced minor complications. CONCLUSIONS This series of 72 children with calcified cephalohematomas, 30 of whom required surgical intervention, is one of the largest to date. The technique presented herein demonstrated excellent surgical outcomes by restoring normal cranial contours and was associated with a low complication profile. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, IV.