cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phonons on fcc (100), (110), and (111) surfaces using Lennard-Jones potentials. II: Temperature dependence of surface phonons studied with molecular dynamics

Abstract In this paper we present temperature dependent studies of the surface phonon dispersion relations for fcc (100), (110), and (111) faces using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Lennard-Jones potentials. This study was conducted in order to investigate how anharmonic potential terms influence the dynamical properties of the surface. This was accomplished by examining the temperature dependence of the Q-resolved phonon spectral density function. All phonon frequencies were found to decrease linearly in T as the temperature was increased, while at low temperatures the phonon linewidths increased linearly with T. At higher temperatures, some of the phonon linewidths changed from having a linear to a quadratic dependence on T. The temperature at which this T to T2 change occurs is surface dependent and occurs at the lowest temperature on the (110) surface. The T2 dependence arises from the increasing importance of higher-order phonon-phonon scattering terms. The phonons which exhibit T2 dependence tend to be modes which propagate perpendicularly or nearly perpendicularly to the direction of maximum root-mean-squared displacement (RMSD). This is especially true for the linewidth of the S1 mode at X on the (110) surface where, at T ≈ 15−23% of the melting temperature, the RMSD perpendicular to the atomic rows become larger than the RMSD normal to the surface. Our results indicate that the dynamics on the (110) surface may be significantly influenced by anharmonic potential terms at temperatures as low as 15% of the melting temperature.
Middle Aging in Women: Patterns of Personality Change from the 30s to the 50s

This three-sample study focused on changes in four key features of women’s personalities (identity, generativity, confident power, and concern about aging) over the course of middle age. Based on women’s retrospective and concurrent feelings about their lives in their 30s, 40s, and 50s, scales were developed and validated for the four themes. We found that identity certainty, generativity, confident power, and concern about aging all were experienced as more prominent in middle age (the 40s) than in early adulthood (the 30s). We also found that these elements of personality were rated even higher in the 50s than the 40s. Scores seemed to be a function of age more than historical period or particular experiences in social roles. Scores on identity certainty, generativity, and confident power were positively related to well-being, while concern about aging was negatively related to well-being.
Effect of indomethacin on gastric acid and bicarbonate secretion in humans

Abstract The role of endogenous prostaglandins in the physiologic regulation of gastric secretion is unclear. We evaluated the effect of indomethacin, an inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, on basal gastric secretion in humans using a two-component model for calculating gastric acid and bicarbonate secretion. After a control, gastric secretory study, 11 healthy volunteers were given 50 mg of indomethacin orally every 8 h for a total of 10 doses, after which the gastric secretory experiment was repeated. Indomethacin significantly (p 0.05). The increase in basal acid secretion after indomethacin administration was quite variable from subject to subject and was unaccompanied by significant changes in basal serum gastrin concentrations. Unlike basal acid secretion, indomethacin had no significant effect on acid secretion stimulated by intragastric infusion of homogenized food. Moreover, indomethacin did not prevent intravenous somatostatin 14 from inhibiting food-stimulated acid secretion, in contrast to a previous study in rats in which indomethacin blocked the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on acid secretion. Assuming the effect of indomethacin is due to reduced endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, we conclude that (a) in some individuals endogenous prostaglandins suppress basal acid secretion by a mechanism independent of the hormone gastrin; (b) endogenous prostaglandins play little, if any, role in the regulation of basal bicarbonate secretion by the stomach; and (c) endogenous prostaglandins do not regulate food-stimulated acid secretion, nor do they mediate the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on gastric acid secretion in humans.
The neurobiology and pharmacology of depression. A comparative overview of serotonin selective antidepressants.

Background. Over the past decade, targeted drug design has led to significant advances in the pharmacological management of depression. A serendipitous approach to drug discovery has therefore been replaced by the development of drugs acting on predetermined neurobiological targets recognised to be involved in the pathology of depressive illness. The first of these 'designer drugs'. were the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRls), followed more recently by venlafaxine and nefazodone which, in addition to 5-HT uptake, also target noradrenaline (NA) uptake and 5-HT, receptors, respectively. Methods. This paper reviews the biochemistry and pharmacology of depression. From this foundation. the relevance of 5-HT selectivity is discussed followed by a comparison of the clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of 5-HT-selective antidepressants. Results. Despite their common actionon synaptic 5-HT uptake, structural heterogeneity among the group allows differences to be observed in kinetic and pharmacological parameters, viz. plasma half-life (T 1 / 2 ), liver metabolism, protein binding, receptor affinities and selectivity ratios. This not only leads to different attributes which assist in the successful management of a particular patient. but will also predict subtle differences in drug interaction risks and in side-effect profiles of clinical relevance. Conclusion. 5-HT selective antidepressants may be more dissimilar than similar, and these differences can allow the clinician to identify clinically reliable determinates predicting side-effects and, possibly, to identify suitable patients for a particular drug.
Psychosocial Implications of Women and Retirement

This article explores the unique effects of retirement on women, many of whom are economically insecure when they retire. Because of the prevailing "myth" among women that they will be cared for in old age and women's fear of growing old, women often do not aggressively plan for their retirement. The women's movement should begin to advocate for women's preparation for the realities of old age.
Validity of participant-reported diagnoses in an online patient registry: A report from the NF1 Patient Registry Initiative

Abstract Background With increased internet accessibility worldwide, it is now possible to assemble individuals with rare diseases through web-based patient registries. However, the validity of participant-reported medical diagnoses is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of participant-reported Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) diagnoses among participants in the NF1 Patient Registry Initiative (NPRI). Methods Subjects enrolled in the NPRI from 5/17/2011 to 7/7/2014 were included. Medical records (MRs) were obtained for participants who returned medical record release forms (MRRFs) during the study period. Participants were classified as having definite, probable, suspected, or no NF1 diagnosis based on MR information. To assess whether a returned MRRF served as a reliable marker of MR-documented NF1, we calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) as the proportion of individuals with MR-documented NF1 among those from whom MRs were obtained. We further examined whether a returned MRRF predicted the number of reported NF1 clinical signs in multivariable linear regression analyses. Results A total of 1456 individuals were included in the analyses. Of 416 individuals who returned MRRFs, 205 MRs were reviewed within the study period. The PPV ranged from 72.0 to 98.5% when including definite or definite/probable/suspected cases, respectively. The mean number of reported NF1 clinical signs was similar between those who returned (mean = 3.3 ± 1.2) and did not return (mean = 3.2 ± 1.3) their MRRFs. MRRF return was not a significant predictor of the number of NF1 clinical signs after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion These data strongly suggest that individuals enrolling in the NPRI accurately report their NF1 diagnosis.
Moral Context Matters A Reply to Graham

In response to Graham’s comments, we attempt to clarify aspects of the Model of Moral Motives (MMM). The columns of our model represent three primary contexts for morality, involving behaviors focused on the self, another person, and one’s group. The rows of MMM represent proscriptive morality and prescriptive morality, which broadly reflect motives to protect (from harm) and provide (help); these general motives have distinct manifestations depending on context (i.e., the columns of MMM). The article addresses misunderstandings in Graham’s interpretation of MMM and includes discussions of criteria for categorizing prescriptive versus proscriptive moral motives, the central role of restrictiveness in proscriptive moral regulation, an inconsistency that provides support for the inclusion of group-based Social Justice, and further distinctions between Social Order and Social Justice informed by recent cross-cultural research.
Efficient Spam Email Filtering using Adaptive Ontology

Email has become one of the fastest and most economical forms of communication. However, the increase of email users has resulted in the dramatic increase of spam emails. As spammers always try to find a way to evade existing filters, new filters need to be developed to catch spam. Ontologies allow for machine-understandable semantics of data. It is important to share information with each other for more effective spam filtering. Thus, it is necessary to build ontology and a framework for efficient email filtering. Using ontology that is specially designed to filter spam, bunch of unsolicited bulk email could be filtered out on the system. This paper proposes to find an efficient spam email filtering method using adaptive ontology
Hexose-ATP phosphotransferases: Comparative aspects—III. Interrelationships of animal hexokinases

Abstract 1. 1. Antisera to partially purified hexokinase II from rat muscle was prepared. 2. 2. The antisera inhibited the enzymatic activity of the muscle antigen and hexokinase II which was isolated from rat adipose tissue. Hexokinase IVs isolated from rat kidney was also inhibited whereas neither hexokinase I from rat adipose and brain nor hexokinase IVf from rat liver were inhibited. 3. 3. Crystalline yeast hexokinase isoenzymes were not inhibited by the antisera. 4. 4. In general, hexokinase activity in muscle and liver but not brain from birds, rodents, primates, ungulates and carnivores was inhibited by the antisera. The antisera did not inhibit hexokinase activity from the amphibian tested.
Design of Power System Key Management Infrastructure

There are multiple key management centers in power system due to historical and other aspects, and most key management centers are dispersed and serve different information security systems. It has not been implemented that key management centers are centralized management. And it is necessary to establish trust-based network system based on cryptographic techniques and achieve a safe and reliable access, transfer and application in network. We should build the infrastructure covering key management according to the requirements of the network, facilities and standardization to provide key support services for the certificate system, multiple key devices and key applications. Centralized key management is conducive to the protection of the business systems and reduces of duplication construction. This paper makes a structural design of key management infrastructure according to existing problems and actual demand of power business systems to provide support services for the currently running certificate system and key applications.
Modeling currency exchange rates time series

Abstract Previous studies have shown that a random walk model is an appropriate time series model for explaining exchange rate time series. This analysis is based on the assumption that the variance of an exchange rate time series is homogeneous with respect to time. This paper shows that this assumption may be violated for exchange rate time series. The monthly exchange rate of German Deutschemark per U.S. dollar is considered. The data ranges from March 1973 to December 1984. The starting point roughly coincides with the beginning of the floating rate regime. It is seen that a non-linear model would be more appropriate than a linear model for explaining this exchange rate time series.
Incidence of shell disease in shrimp in the New York Bight

Abstract Incidence of shell disease in shrimp is as high as 30% in certain localities in the New York Bight. Gross examination and histopathological preparations revealed cracking and pitting of the exoskeleton, common characteristics of crustacean shell disease, followed by necrosis of underlying tissue. Aquarium studies, which included tests of the effects of an antibiotic, indicated a possible infectious etiology. The disease may be related to pollution of the habitat by organic wastes including cellulose.
Localization of the Site on the Complement Component C1q Required for the Stimulation of Neutrophil Superoxide Production

C1q, the recognition subunit of the classical complement pathway, interacts with specific cell surface molecules via its collagen-like region (C1q-CLR). This binding of C1q to neutrophils triggers the generation of toxic oxygen species. To identify the site on C1q that interacts with the neutrophil C1q receptor, C1q was isolated, digested with pepsin to produce C1q-CLR, and further cleaved with either trypsin or endoproteinase Lys-C. The resulting fragments were separated by gel filtration chromatography and analyzed functionally (activation of the respiratory burst in neutrophils) and structurally. Cleavage of C1q-CLR with endoproteinase Lys-C did not alter its ability to trigger neutrophil superoxide production. However, when C1q-CLR was incubated with trypsin under conditions permitting optimal cleavage, the ability of C1q-CLR to stimulate superoxide production in neutrophils was completely abrogated. Fractionation of the digests obtained with the two enzymes and identification by amino acid sequencing permitted localization of the receptor interaction site to a specific region of the C1q-CLR. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrated that cleavage by trypsin does not denature the remaining uncleaved collagen-like structure, suggesting that after trypsin treatment, the loss of activity was not due to a loss of secondary structure of the molecule. However, irreversible heat denaturation of C1q-CLR also abrogated all activity. Thus, a specific conformation conferred by the collagen triple helix constitutes the functional receptor interaction site. These data should direct the design of future specific therapeutic reagents to selectively modulate this response.
A probabilistic model for the permeation of gases through microporous membranes

A probabilistic model for the motion of gas molecules through pores of microporous membranes is proposed. The interaction energy between the gas molecules and the surface of membrane pores is investigated using molecular modeling and results are used as input to the probabilistic model. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effect of surface coating on gas permeation of air and ammonia through single- and double-layer microporous membranes. Gas transmission experiments were conducted on uncoated polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon and PP/PE, coated PET, and double-layer PET microporous membranes at different pressure levels. Model results were compared with experimental data and a reasonable conclusion was drawn.
The u.s. department of energy Information bridge: Technical reports for the desktop

Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies have been involved in various depository programs for their technical reports for over 40 years. An online service on the World Wide Web, called the DOE Information Bridge , has recently replaced distribution of physical paper reports. The Information Bridge also serves as an archive for electronic copies of DOE-sponsored technical reports. This article explores the capabilities of the new site and examines its implications for users and librarians.
Why Susie owns Starbucks: The name letter effect in security selection

Abstract We examine whether security selection is influenced by the name letter effect—a psychological predisposition to select items that start with leading own name letters. Two sets of tests reveal evidence that the name letter effect influences investors' security selection decisions. First, breadth of ownership (as measured by the number of institutional investors holding the security) is positively related to U.S. name letter frequency, e.g., stocks that begin with the common name letter “M” exhibit a greater number of institutional shareholders than stocks that begin with the less common name letter “X.” Second, undergraduate students managing university endowment funds are more likely to select securities for evaluation when the stock's name begins with the same letter as their name.
Contribution of protein phosphorylation to binding-induced folding of the SLBP-histone mRNA complex probed by phosphorus-31 NMR.

Phosphorus-31 (31P) NMR can be used to characterize the structure and dynamics of phosphorylated proteins. Here, I use 31P NMR to report on the chemical nature of a phosphothreonine that lies in the RNA binding domain of SLBP (stem-loop binding protein). SLBP is an intrinsically disordered protein and phosphorylation at this threonine promotes the assembly of the SLBP–RNA complex. The data show that the 31P chemical shift can be a good spectroscopic probe for phosphate-coupled folding and binding processes in intrinsically disordered proteins, particularly where the phosphate exhibits torsional strain and is involved in a network of hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Reversal of social deficits produced by isolation rearing in monkeys

Abstract A major body of research has clearly demonstrated that rearing monkeys for at least the first 6 months of life in total social isolation from conspecifics produces profound psychopathology, including both massive social deficits and ideosyncratic self-directed behaviors rarely seen in normal monkeys. Previously, isolation-induced psychopathology was thought to be permanent, and various theoretical explanations, e.g. critical periods and “emergence trauma” were posited to account for such phenomena. Recent research at Wisconsin has indicated that the isolation syndrome in monkeys is, in fact, reversible, rendering the above theoretical positions inadequate. In this paper, the procedures for successful rehabilitation of isolate-reared monkeys are described and an alternative theoretical explanation presented. Implications of the theory and data are discussed.
A response to Johannesen

This forum presents a response to the contentions made by Richard L. Johannesen in “The Ethics of Plagiarism Reconsidered: The Oratory of Martin Luther King, Jr.” which appeared in volume 60 of The Southern Communication Journal.
Direct observation of the silicon nitride on amorphous silicon interface states

We report on the investigation of the silicon nitride/hydrogenated amorphous silicon interface by capacitance measurements. We observe that the ‘‘slow’’ interface states are located inside the silicon nitride layer, while the energy distribution of the ‘‘fast’’ interface states is peaked at 0.7 eV below the hydrogenated amorphous silicon conduction band with an integrated value of 2×1011 cm−2.
At-entry differences in part-time and full-time employees

Research consistently shows part- and full-time workers to be different on a variety of characteristics such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and intentions to leave the organization. This study challenges the commonly accepted argument that these differences are due to the different structural conditions of work that are faced by part- and full-time workers. The possibility that these differences are the consequence of at-entry differences in dispositions and orientations to work is tested on a sample of part- and full-time registered nurses who had just begun employment. With one exception the part-and full-time employees were found to be the same on fourteen at-entry characteristics. These results strongly suggest that it is the structural conditions of work that produce the often observed differences found between part- and full-time workers.
Effects of the carotenoid-inhibiting herbicide, fluridone, on Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont (cyanobacteria)

Abstract The effects of the pyridinone herbicide, fluridone, on the growth, pigment content and composition, and photosynthetic capability of Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont were investigated. Batch-culture flasks were inoculated with equal amounts of culture volume from an exponentially-growing culture and subjected to fluridone concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μg. 1- i . Culture populations were allowed to grow without interruption for 96 h after which populations were analyzed. Biomass, and chlorophyll a and total carotenoid contents decreased with increasing fluridone concentration. No change was observed in C-phycocyanin content. Within the lipophilic pigment fraction, decreases in the relative abundances of myxoxanthophyll, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and an unidentified, minor carotenoid caused corresponding increases in the relative abundance of chlorophyll a. The light-limited slope, the maximum light-saturated rate of photosynthetic O2 evolution, and the irradiance value at onset of light saturation decreased with increasing fluridone concentration. Inhibition of growth and chlorophyll content was considered a secondary response attributable to the photo-oxidation of chlorophyll molecules. Inhibition of the photosynthetic efficiency and maximum were attributed to reduced carotenoid content.
The Identification of Some Autonomic Drugs by Means of the Optical Properties of the Diliturates

The optical crystallographic properties of the d:liturates (nitrobarbiturates) of dl-amphetamine (Benzedrine), d-amphetamine (Dexedrine), ephedrine, di-ephedrine (Recephedrine), phenylpropanolamine (Propadrine), and p-hydroxy-α-methylphenethylamine (paredrine)serve to identify each of the products.
Metabolism of Ecdysone and 20-Hydroxyecdysone in the Camel Tick, Hyalomma Dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae)

Camel ticks, Hyalomma dromedarii , utilized inoculated 14C cholesterol to synthesize apolar ecdysteroids, unknown polar ecdysteroids, and fractions coeluting with ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-OH ecdysone). Following inoculation into feeding virgin females, most 3H ecdysone was metabolized to nonimmunoreactive apolar compounds; lesser amounts were metabolized to 20-OH ecdysone, 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone, and possibly other unidentified ecdysteroids. Identification of these compounds was supported by coelution with authentic reference standards, coelution of radioactivity, radioimmunoassay, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectrometry of the purified fractions. Assay of the apolar ecdysteroids in extracts from ticks inoculated with 14C acetate demonstrated conjugation with carbon-containing compounds. Hydrolysis of the highly apolar ecdysteroids released 20-OH ecdysone, ecdysone, and 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone. Methylation of the hydrolysis products revealed long-chain fatty acids, especially palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, all confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The possible sites of metabolism of ecdysteroids in these ticks was investigated. Most of the ecdysteroid metabolites produced were found in the midgut (60.4%) and in the combined epidermis and fat-body tissues (31.1%). Small amounts of ecdysteroids were found in the previtellogenic ovaries of these virgin female ticks (1.5%). Ecdysone and 20-OH ecdysone were found in the hemolymph, but no apolar ecdysteroids were found in the circulatory fluids.
Multimode intravascular RF coil for MRI‐guided interventions

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of using a single intravascular radiofrequency (RF) probe connected to the external magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system via a single coaxial cable to perform active tip tracking and catheter visualization and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) intravascular imaging. Materials and Methods: A multimode intravascular RF coil was constructed on a 6F balloon catheter and interfaced to a 1.5T MRI scanner via a decoupling circuit. Bench measurements of coil impedances were followed by imaging experiments in saline and phantoms. Results: The multimode coil behaves as an inductively coupled transmit coil. The forward-looking capability of 6 mm was measured. A greater than 3-fold increase in SNR compared to conventional imaging using optimized external coil was demonstrated. Simultaneous active tip tracking and catheter visualization was demonstrated. Conclusion: It is feasible to perform 1) active tip tracking, 2) catheter visualization, and 3) high SNR imaging using a single multimode intravascular RF coil that is connected to the external system via a single coaxial cable. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:995–1002. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The U.S. Customs Modernization and Informed Compliance Act: Implications for the Logistics Pipeline

U.S. Customs administration plays an important role in the structure and efficiency of international logistics. The Customs Modernization and Informed Compliance Act was passed in December 1993 with the objective of improving the efficiency of the U.S. customs process. The principle logistics benefits for the trade community and the means by which they are to be accomplished include faster clearance and lower transaction costs via increased automation and remote entry, and decreased congestion at ports of entry via a reduction in the number and complexity of formal entries. These gains are offset somewhat because some traditional Customs responsibilities have been shifted to importers of record. This will increase their compliance costs and penalty risk exposure. The key changes presented in the act and potential implications for the parties involved in the importing process are described.
Direct nonlinear inversion of 1D acoustic media using inverse scattering subseries

A task-specific, multiparameter (more than one mechanical property changes across a reflector), direct nonlinear inversion subseries of the inverse-scattering series is derived and tested for an acoustic medium in which velocity and density vary vertically. Task-specific means that terms in the distinct subseries corresponding to tasks for imaging only and inversion only are identified and separated. Direct means there are formulas that solve explicitly for and output the physical properties, without, e.g., search algorithms, model matching and optimization schemes, and proxies that typically characterize indirect methods. Numerical test results with analytic data indicate that one term beyond linear provides added value beyond standard linear techniques, and the improved estimates are valid over a larger range of angles. The direct acoustic inversion is nonlinear. It serves as an important step for new concepts and methods to guide the much more complicated and minimally realistic elastic inverse for exploration seismology target identification purposes.
Inhibition of Aβ42 Peptide Aggregation by a Binuclear Ruthenium(II)−Platinum(II) Complex: Potential for Multimetal Organometallics as Anti-amyloid Agents

Design of inhibitors for amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation has been widely investigated over the years towards developing viable therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biggest challenge seems to be inhibiting Aβ aggregation at the early stages of aggregation possibly at the monomeric level, as oligomers are known to be neurotoxic. In this regard, exploiting the metal chelating property of Aβ to generate molecules that can overcome this impediment presents some promise. Recently, one such metal complex containing Pt(II) ([Pt(BPS)Cl(2)]) was reported to effectively inhibit Aβ42 aggregation and toxicity (1). This complex was able bind to Aβ42 at the N-terminal part of the peptide and triggered a conformational change resulting in effective inhibition. In the current report, we have generated a mixed-binuclear metal complex containing Pt(II) and Ru(II) that inhibited Aβ42 aggregation at an early stage of aggregation and seemed to have different modes of interaction than the previously reported Pt(II) complex, suggesting an important role of the second metal center. This 'proof-of-concept' compound will help in developing more effective molecules against Aβ aggregation by modifying the two metal centers as well as their ligands, which will open doors to new rationale for Aβ inhibition.
Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Its Association With Education, Smoking, Diet, Physical Activity, and Social Support: Findings From the Pennsylvania 2007 BRFSS Survey

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).2010;12:556–564. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors aimed to examine the prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and its association with education, smoking, diet, physical activity, and social support among white, black, and Hispanic adults using data from the 2007 Pennsylvania Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, the largest population-based survey in the state. The authors examined associations between CMS and associated factors cross-sectionally using univariate and multivariate methods. The study included a representative sample of 12,629 noninstitutionalized Pennsylvanians aged ≥18. Components of CMS included obesity, hypercholesterolemia, angina (as a surrogate for decreased high-density lipoprotein), prehypertension or hypertension, and prediabetes or diabetes. CMS was identified as the presence of ≥3 CMS components. The results show that the prevalence of CMS was 20.48% in blacks, followed by Hispanics (19.14%) and whites (12.26%), (P<.01). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that physical inactivity, lower educational levels, smoking, daily consumption of vegetables and/or fruits <3 servings, and lack of social support were significantly associated with the odds of having CMS. In conclusion, black and Hispanic adults have a significantly higher prevalence of CMS than whites. The significant association between CMS and risk factors provides new insights in the direction of health promotion to prevent and control CMS in those who are at high risk.
Predicting Freshman GPA of Law/Justice Students

This study was concerned with the validity of the Verbal (V) and Mathematics (M) scales of the College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) as predictors of college freshman grade point average (GPA) at Glassboro State College. A double cross validation was performed on data from 204 first-year law/justice students. Results indicated that SAT-V and SAT-M together were somewhat more valid predictors of GPA than was either score separately. Multiple Rs were .33 for the criterion group and .37 for the cross-validation group. Both SAT and GPA distributions were found to be skewed, the former positively and the latter negatively. This circumstance was a possible factor influencing the size of the correlation coefficients.
Assembly tolerance analysis for injection molded modular, polymer microfluidic devices

Validation of a tolerance analysis for the assembly of modular, polymer microfluidic devices was performed using simulations and experiments. A set of three v-groove and hemisphere-tipped post joints was adopted as a model assembly features. An assembly function with assembly feature dimensions and locations was modeled kinematically. Monte Carlo methods were applied to the assembly function to simulate variation of the assembly. Assembly accuracy was evaluated assuming that the variations of the assembly features were randomly distributed. The estimated mismatches were 118 ± 30 μm and 19 ± 13 μm along the X- and Y-axes, respectively. The estimated vertical gap between the modules at the alignment standards along the X- and Y-axes 312 ± 37 μm and 313 ± 37 μm, compared to the designed value of 287 μm. To validate the tolerance model, two micromilled brass mold inserts containing the assembly features and alignment standards were used to double-sided injection mold polymer parts. The accuracy of the assembly of the modular microdevices was estimated by measuring the mismatch and vertical gaps between alignment standards on each axis. The measured lateral mismatches were 103 ± 6 μm and 16 ± 4 μm along the X- and Y-axes, respectively. The vertical gaps measured for the assemblies were 316 ± 4 μm and 296 ± 9 μm at the X- and Y-axes, compared to the designed distance of 287 μm. Simulation and experimental results were in accordance with each other. The models can be used to predict the assembly tolerance of polymer microfluidic devices and have significant potential for enabling the realization of cost-effective mass production of modular instruments.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
An overview of clinical trial data on a new formulation of botulinum neurotoxin type A.

According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, the number of aesthetic procedures involving botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) increased 3681% between 1997 and 2008. Almost 2.5 million procedures were performed using this neurotoxin last year, accounting for approximately 25% of all nonsurgical aesthetic procedures performed in 2008.1 Both aesthetic and therapeutic uses of this neurotoxin are likely to increase in the coming years. In 2009, a new US formulation of BoNT-A (BoNTA-ABO; Dysport [abobotulinumtoxinA]; Medicis Aesthetics, Scottsdale, AZ) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines. Key features of this new BoNT-A formulation are shown in the Table.2 Outside of North America, Dysport has been used for therapeutic applications since 1991 and for aesthetic applications since 2001. Before receiving FDA approval, BoNTA-ABO had been studied in the United States under the proposed trade name Reloxin . At the time of approval, the FDA required Medicis to retain the Dysport name. View this table: Table Characteristics of Dysport in the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines2 Several reports of pivotal US trial data regarding the safety and efficacy of this agent in patients with moderate to severe glabellar lines have been published recently in major journals.3–7 This supplement provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the safety, efficacy, immunogenicity, and manufacturing of this new US botulinum neurotoxin formulation. Food poisoning by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin has probably been a cause of death since humans first began storing food.8 C botulinum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria that is categorized on the basis of the toxins it secretes. Of the eight known …
Association of baseline sex hormone levels with baseline and longitudinal changes in waist-to-hip ratio: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is strongly associated with prevalent atherosclerosis. We analyzed the associations of baseline serum levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with WHR in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. Baseline data was available for 3144 men and 2038 postmenopausal women, who were non-users of hormone therapy, who were 45–84 years of age, and of White, Chinese, Black or Hispanic racial/ethnic groups. Of these, 2708 men and 1678 women also had longitudinal measurements of WHR measured at the second and/or the third study visits (median follow-up 578 days and 1135 days, respectively). In cross-sectional analyses adjusted for age, race and cardiovascular disease risk factors, T was negatively associated with baseline WHR in men, whereas in both sexes, E2 was positively associated and SHBG was negatively associated with WHR (all P<0.001). In longitudinal analyses, further adjusted for follow-up time and baseline WHR, baseline T was negatively associated with WHR at follow-up (P=0.001) in men, whereas in both sexes, E2 was positively associated (P=0.004) and SHBG was negatively associated with WHR (P<0.001). The longitudinal association of E2, but not T, was independent of SHBG. In cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses, there were no associations between DHEA and WHR in either men or women. Sex hormones are associated with WHR at baseline and also during follow-up above and beyond their baseline association. Future research is needed to determine if manipulation of hormones is associated with changes in central obesity.
The Impact of Moral Stress Compared to Other Stressors on Employee Fatigue, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover: An Empirical Investigation

Moral stress is an increasingly significant concept in business ethics and the workplace environment. This study compares the impact of moral stress with other job stressors on three important employee variables—fatigue, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions—by utilizing survey data from 305 customer-contact employees of a financial institution’s call center. Statistical analysis on the interaction of moral stress and the three employee variables was performed while controlling for other types of job stress as well as demographic variables. The results reveal that even after including the control variables in the statistical models, moral stress remains a statistically significant predictor of increased employee fatigue, decreased job satisfaction, and increased turnover intentions. Implications for future research and for organizations are discussed.
Using UML to model relational database operations

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is being used as the de-facto standard in the software industry. With the adoption of UML 2.0, the new enhancements allow this version to describe many of the elements found in today's software technology as well as Model Driven Architecture and Service-Oriented Architecture. Although the Object Management Group (OMG) has released several UML Profiles to tailor the language to specific areas, relational database modeling is not fully addressed in these profiles. Many existing software applications involve complex application layer implemented in object-oriented programming languages and at the same time use relational database systems as the back-end data store. Modeling the whole system in a consistent manner will help developers and end users better understand the application. In this work we show how to model relational database operations using UML. Atomic database operations are modeled based on our framework and are used as building blocks to model more complex database operations.
Augmentation of murine immune responses by amphotericin B

Abstract Immunostimulant effects have been demonstrated in mice following single injections of amphotericin B or amphotericin methyl ester. Augmentation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses helps to explain the beneficial therapeutic effects observed in human and murine neoplasms after administration of amphotericin. Relevant to its immunological adjuvant properties, amphotericin produces striking reversible changes in murine thymus and splenic weights and in lymphoid organ histology. The chemical purity, nonimmunogenicity, and permissible toxicity of amphotericin recommend it as a model for the study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of immunological adjuvants.
The concordance of terpenoid, ISSR and RAPD markers, and ITS sequence data sets among genotypes: an example from Juniperus

Twelve individual genotypes selected from Juniperus populations, varieties and species were analyzed using ITS sequences, RAPDs, ISSRs, and leaf volatile terpenoids. These four data sets, all analyzed in the same manner, illustrated that these data sets can be used at different organizational levels: specific, inter-specific and intraspecific. Similarity matrices for the ITS, RAPD, and ISSR data sets were highly correlated (r ranged from 0.83 to 0.95). In contrast, the terpenoid matrix had a low correlation with the other data matrices (r ranged from 0.04 to 0.38). Because these 12 genotypes were taken from several species, the terpenoids, having been shown to most useful at the infra-specific level, were not concordant at this taxonomic level. The high correlation between DNA markers and ITS sequence data implies that these data are measuring concordant patterns among these genotypes.  2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Simulations of a model for transmitter kinetics.

A model for transmitter kinetics has been simulated by computer for a variety of inputs and it is shown how the parameters of the system determine its properties, such as phasic or tonic behavior, sensitivity and responsiveness. The results are discussed in relation to transmitter release and transmitter-receptor interactions.
Measuring educational attainment: The old and the new Census and BLS taxonomies

Abstract After a half century in which education was measured by school years completed, the U.S. Census Bureau has revised the measure of educational attainment focusing more on degree recipiency and providing greater detail for the diversity of college degrees. At first blush the new taxonomy is a decided improvement on the old measure, but the statistical comparisons suggest that the improvement is marginal at best. The new taxonomy shifts detail to higher levels of education where the population is moving and where greater detail is therefore justified. We suspect the advantage of the new measure will increase over time, but there continues to be a need for specificity of areas of concentration. [ JEL I20]
A Catalogue of 0.2 Å Resolution Far-Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra Measured with Copernicus

Of the nearly 300 stars which have been observed in the ultraviolet with Copernicus, 60 have been chosen for publication of their complete intermediate-resolution spectra, which consist of scans made with photomultiplier U2 at a nominal resolution and step length of 0.2 A. The spectra cover the wavelength range 1000 to 1450 A and are expressed in the form of direct numerical tabulations, compressed-scale plots, and synthetic photographic spectrograms. These three modes of presentation are expected to satisfy the needs of various types of research on stellar spectra, ranging from detailed and rather specialized analyses of line profiles, which require accurate numerical results, to broad, comparative studies of various qualitative features over different spectral types, for which the plots or photographs are best suited. From the qualitative comparisons one might expect to synthesize more exacting criteria for spectral classifications of normal stars, using ultraviolet instead of visible spectra. The catalogue has been submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplements.
CLONING, SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND EXPRESSION OF MAMMALIAN MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ELONGATION FACTOR TU

The bovine liver mitochondrial protein synthesis elongation factor Tu.Ts complex (EF-TU.Tsmt) has been purified and partial peptide sequence information has been obtained for EF-Tumt. A complete cDNA has been obtained encoding bovine EF-Tumt and a nearly complete cDNA has been obtained for human EF-Tumt. The bovine cDNA has a 5' untranslated leader, an open reading frame of 1356 nucleotides and a 3' untranslated region of 189 base pairs. NH2-terminal sequencing of the mature protein indicates that the transit peptide for the mitochondrial localization of this protein is 43 amino acids in length. The human and bovine factors are 95% identical. The deduced protein sequences show considerable identity to bacterial and organellar EF-Tu sequences. At least two genes for EF-Tumt are present in the bovine system. Northern analysis indicates that EF-Tumt is synthesized in all tissues but that the level of expression varies over a wide range. EF-TUmt has been expressed in E. coli as a His-tagged protein and purified to near homogeneity. The expressed form of the factor is active in the poly(U)-directed polymerization of phenylalanine although it is less active than the native EF-Tu.Tsmt complex.
The 'Full Potential' of Uganda's Cotton Industry

During the 1960s, Uganda was the largest cotton producer in sub-Saharan Africa. Attempts to revive the sector following its demise in the 1970s were unsuccessful in the 1980s and more effective in the 1990s. However, there is a sense that it still lags behind its full potential. Low quality of the cotton, lack of a domestic textile industry, and low use of purchased inputs due to lack of rural credit are identified as key constraints. This article argues that the fundamental problems are low profitability, which reflects the displacement of cotton by food crops, and the forced-labour conditions under which cotton was grown. It concludes that promotion of biotechnology and training cotton growers are two areas that should receive priority.
On the J-intergral blunting line applied to linear amorphous polymers

The development of crazes of linear amorphous polymers competes with the occurrence of general yielding in the plastic zone in tensile deformation. For toughened semi-ductile linear amorphous polymers, general yielding in the plastic zone is suppressed by the development of crazes. This suppresion prevents the crack tip from being blunt. Therefore it is recommended that the blunting line be neglected for the evaluation of Jic. For semi-ductile linear amorphous polymers, general yielding in the plastic zone takes place and blunts the crack tip. Thus the blunting line cannot be neglected for the evaluation of Jic.
Meso-beta scale numerical simulations of terrain drag-induced along-stream circulations. Part II: Concentration of potential vorticity within dryline bulges

Hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic simulation models are employed to study the intensification of a terrain drag-induced dryline. The study develops a multi-stage theory for the evolution of the dryline including the concentration of potential vorticity accompanying meso-gamma scale dryline “bulges”.
On being a pathologist—passing on the torch of knowledge

Ours was a family that valued education. My father, Herman Moe Roth, was an engineer and physicist. Before marriage, my mother, Blanche Brown, was a high school English teacher in Canadian, Oklahoma, a small rural town in the southeastern part of the state. She had studied at Washington University in St. Louis for a year and then completed her education at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. My father obtained his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. He earned his PhD in astrophysics at the Mendenhall Laboratory of Physics of Ohio State University in Columbus during the great depression. He was the only surviving boy among 7 children and used to joke that he got the education and his sisters each got a dowry. Before World War II, he taught physics at what is now Oklahoma State University in Stillwater. During the war, he served in the US Army in the Corps of Engineers at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, and in Washington, DC. After World War II, he took a position with the Atomic Energy Commission in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and later became director of research. He encouraged my brother, Sanford Irwin Roth, and me to pursue higher education. I followed my brother's footsteps and pursued medicine and ultimately the specialty of pathology. My maternal grandfather, Joseph Brown, was also pleased that we became physicians but would have preferred that we had become “real doctors,” meaning that we would take care of patients. I graduated from Oak Ridge High School and then Vanderbilt University in Nashville, the latter with a BA in