cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystalline-Field Effects in the EPR of Er in Various Cubic Metals.

Electron-spin-resonance measurements on the dilute alloys Ag:Er, Au:Er, Rh:Er, and Ir:Er exhibit a change in slope of the Er-resonance thermal broadening above \ensuremath{\sim} 7 K. This behavior is interpreted in terms of off-diagonal matrix elements of the exchange coupling between the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ ground state and the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}^{(1)}$ first-excited state.
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice Using an Interprofessional Team Approach: Part Two

The complexity inherent in the inpatient oncology population requires effective interprofessional collaboration and integrated evidence-based practice (EBP), drawing from each of the disciplines to achieve desired outcomes. Each member of the team lends a strength and expertise that, when combined, often results in outcomes greater than the sum of its parts (Hall & Weaver, 2001; Petri, 2010; Pullon & Fry, 2005). EBP promotes the use of research to solve issues raised in day-to-day nursing practice. This article provides an overview and summary of an evidence-based project to increase compliance of sequential compression devices (SCDs) in gynecologic oncology and urology patients on a post-surgical inpatient unit using the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) model for continuous quality improvement (CQI) (Institute for Innovation and Improvement, 2013).
Caso único de sangrado por el puerto de conexión del catéter de arteria pulmonar al módulo de oximetría

Resumen El cateter de arteria pulmonar es un monitor invasivo generalmente usado durantecirugias cardiacas en pacientes de alto riesgo para optimizar las funciones cardiacas. Presen- elcaso deentrada sangre por puerto conexion del cateter arteria pulmonarpara oximetria, trayendo como resultado la imposibilidad de monitorizar el gasto cardiaco con-tinuo y, por ende, la sustitucion del cateter. La causa del sangrado anormal fue posteriormente como un defecto de fabricacion.© 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. Todos losderechos reservados. KEYWORDS Pulmonary arterycatheter;Bleeding;Oximetry the port A unique case of pulmonary artery catheter bleeding from the oximetry connectionport Abstract Pulmonary artery catheter is an invasive monitor usually placed in high-risk cardiacsurgical patients to optimize the cardiac functions. We present this case of blood oozing from oximetry connection port of thepulmonary artery catheter that resulted in inabilityto monitor continuous cardiac output requiring replacement of the catheter. The cause of thisabnormal bleeding was later conﬁrmed to be due to a manufacturing defect.© 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rightsreserved.
On-Line Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis Products Formed in a Supercritical Reaction Medium

C1−C30 products from Fischer−Tropsch synthesis, conducted in a supercritical n-hexane medium over an Fe catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor, are analyzed using on-line gas chromatography. A Hewlett-Packard 5890 Series II gas chromatograph (GC) is modified to minimize the effects of condensation of the on-line sample in the transfer lines. The GC is configured with a Supelco Petrocol DH capillary column connected to a flame ionization detector (FID) and two 1.83 m × 3.18 mm stainless steel columns placed in series, packed with 80/100 mesh HayeSep D, connected to a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). It is shown that pressure and temperature affect the elution order of oxygenates relative to hydrocarbons in the nonpolar capillary column. This phenomenon is exploited for obtaining improved resolution; several distinct methods produce similar elution orders. Ar, added to the syngas feed, is used to calculate syngas conversion. All compounds eluting before hexane (C1−C5, other than 2-methylpropene/1-butene and pr...
Selection for multiple disease resistance reduces cucumber yield potential

Experiments were conducted in Wisconsin and Michigan to determine whether selection for multiple disease resistance adversely affects yielding ability of commercial cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. sativus L.; CS) lines. Inbred F4 and F5 lines were developed from C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. (CH) x CS which had been either selected or not selected for resistance to the causal organisms of scab, anthracnose, and downy mildew. The exotic CH germplasms possesses a multiple fruiting habit with high yield potential and the CS genotypes include several disease resistance. In each comparison between selected and unselected progeny, the unselected families either significantly outyielded, or were not significantly different than their selected counterparts. In no case did the selected progeny outyield the unselected progeny. Since this was observed for both fruit number per plant and total fruit weight per plant, and it occurred despite differences in fruit size, we conclude that selection for disease resistance led to a reduction in yield potential in these populations.
Glaciology: Sliding to sea

Greenland's ice sheet does not look like an alpine glacier. However, it behaves like one in the way its meltwater lubricates basal motion, suggesting that projections of sea-level change will require unified knowledge of basal processes in glaciers and ice sheets.
Experimental performance comparison of Byzantine Fault-Tolerant protocols for data centers

In this paper, we compare performance of several Byzantine agreement algorithms, including NCBA, a network coding based algorithm. Unlike existing practical BFT protocols such as PBFT by Castro and Liskov [1], which utilize collision-resistant hash functions to reduce traffic load for BFT, NCBA uses a computationally efficient error-detection network coding scheme. Since NCBA does not rely on any hash function, it is always correct rather than correct only with high probability as PBFT. Through extensive experiments, we verified that NCBA performs at least as well as Digest, without relying on any cryptographic assumption on the hardness of breaking the hash function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first implementation of BFT with network coding.
Predictors of attrition from behavioral medicine treatments.

Despite the efficacy of a range of behavioral medicine interventions, high rates of attrition are a persistent problem in both clinical and research settings. Appropriately, studies have begun to focus on predictors of attrition with the hope of identifying important client or treatment characteristics. This article reviews attrition predictors in outpatient behavioral medicine treatments for headache, pain, stress, and weight management. Across all areas, psychological variables and severity of symptom variables were more predictive than demographic variables. However, as 13 of the 20 studies reviewed were in the area of weight management, generalizability of the findings to other treatment areas requires further investigation. Recommendations are made for improving attrition research by (a) developing clinically valid definitions of attribition, (b) recognizing important within-group differences among those who prematurely terminate treatment, and (c) focusing on theoretically grounded psychological and treatment process variables. A working definition of attrition based on the integration of clients' and clinicians' perspectives is also provided.
Morphine history sensitizes postsynaptic GABA receptors on dorsal raphe serotonin neurons in a stress-induced relapse model in rats

Summary The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system plays an important role in stress-related psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. Previous work has shown that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR)-5-HT system is inhibited by swim stress via stimulation of GABA synaptic activity by the stress neurohormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Additionally, the DR 5-HT system is regulated by opioids. The present study tests the hypothesis that the DR 5-HT system regulates stress-induced opioid relapse. In the first experiment, electrophysiological recordings of GABA synaptic activity in 5-HT DR neurons were conducted in brain slices from Sprague-Dawley rats that were exposed to swim stress-induced reinstatement of previously extinguished morphine conditioned place preference (CPP). Behavioral data indicate that swim stress triggers reinstatement of morphine CPP. Electrophysiology data indicate that 5-HT neurons in the morphine-conditioned group exposed to stress had increased amplitude of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs), which would indicate greater postsynaptic GABA receptor density and/or sensitivity, compared to saline controls exposed to stress. In the second experiment, rats were exposed to either morphine or saline CPP and extinction, and then 5-HT DR neurons from both groups were examined for sensitivity to CRF in vitro. CRF induced a greater inward current in 5-HT neurons from morphine-conditioned subjects compared to saline-conditioned subjects. These data indicate that morphine history sensitizes 5-HT DR neurons to the GABAergic inhibitory effects of stress as well as to some of the effects of CRF. These mechanisms may sensitize subjects with a morphine history to the dysphoric effects of stressors and ultimately confer an enhanced vulnerability to stress-induced opioid relapse.
Incidental predation, enemy-free space and the coexistence of incidental prey

Many communities consist of a generalist predator that consumes multiple prey species whose persistence is thereby threatened through the indirect effect of apparent competition. However, uncommon and/or ephemeral prey may be encountered only incidentally through the predator's effort expended to consume primary prey. In such instances, the functional response to incidental prey is driven entirely through the density of primary prey. Moreover, rarity and brevity in the predator's diet precludes a numerical response to incidental prey. Instead, the persistence of incidental prey may be critically linked to gaps in space unexploited by predators, i.e. enemy-free space. I use optimal foraging theory to derive a mechanism by which enemy-free space is created as a result of a predator's forging aptitude and patch-use behavior. In non-competitive environments enemy-free space provides a behavioral refuge for incidental prey that may prevent their extinction. In competitive environments, greater enemy-free space is associated with higher incidental prey densities and concomitantly greater competitive effects. As a result, incidental prey diversity declines with an increase in enemy-free space.
From Discontented Bostonians to Patriotic Industrialists: The Boston Associates and the Transcontinental Treaty, 1790–1825

Exploring the roots of the relationship between government and industry, the essay examines how the formerly anti-expansionist Boston Associates profited from claims reimbursements granted by the 1...
Differential modulation of ACTH-stimulated cortisol and androstenedione secretion by insulin

Abstract Results of previous clinical studies suggested counter regulatory actions between insulin and DHEA(S). The present studies were performed using primary monolayer cultures of bovine fasciculata-reticularis cells to test the hypothesis that insulin directly affects adrenal androgen secretion. Although having no independent effect, insulin exhibited complex time-and concentration-specific actions on ACTH-stimulated secretion of both C21 (cortisol) and C19 (androstenedione) corticosteroids. In the presence of low concentrations (0.05–0.1 nM) of ACTH, cortisol secretion during a 2 h incubation was about 2-fold greater in the presence than in the absence of insulin (0.01–100 ng/ml). In the presence of a maximal concentration (10 nM) of ACTH, on the other hand, cortisol secretion was not affected by insulin at concentrations ⩽0.1 ng/ml, but was decreased at higher insulin concentrations. ACTH-stimulated androstenedione secretion was not significantly affected by insulin during a short-term (2 h) incubation. During a prolonged (24 h) incubation, insulin produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of ACTH-stimulated cortisol secretion. At an insulin concentration of 100 ng/ml, ACTH (10nM)-stimulated cortisol secretion declined to a level only 30% of that produced by ACTH alone. In contrast, insulin exhibited biphasic effects on the secretion of androstenedione by cells maintained in the presence of ACTH for 24 h; an effect that was most dramatic in the presence of a maximal concentration of ACTH. At an insulin concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, androstenedione secretion by cells maintained in the presence of 10 nM ACTH was increased approximately 2.5-fold. At higher concentrations of insulin, ACTH-stimulated androstenedione secretion was inhibited to an extent comparable to that in cortisol secretion. The effects of insulin on ACTH-stimulated cortisol and androstenedione secretion could not be accounted for by changes in steroid degradation or a loss in 11β-hydroxylase activity. These results indicate that insulin interacts with ACTH to modulate the secretion of both C21 and C19 corticosteroids and that physiological concentrations (⩽ 1 ng/ml) of insulin may have a longterm effect to enhance selectively adrenal androgen secretion. These data are consistent with a servo mechanism between insulin and DHEA(S) in vivo and indicate that the correlations observed clinically result, at least in part, from a direct action of insulin to modulate the rate of adrenal androgen production.
Pharmacology of the serotonergic inhibition of steroid-induced reinitiation of oocyte meiosis in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus

Serotonin (5-HT) was found to inhibit steroid (17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one; 17,20βP)-induced resumption of oocyte meiosis (oocyte maturation) in vitro in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. Serotonin inhibited both follicle-enclosed and denuded oocytes, which indicates the presence of oocyte-associated 5-HT sensitive sites. The response of oocytes to 5-HT was characterized pharmacologically, i.e., the capacity of serotonergic agonists and antagonists to mimic or block the 5-HT inhibition of the steroid-induced oocyte maturation was assessed by the changes in the percentage of oocyte germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Dose-response curves for each compound were drawn and compared. The rank order of potency among the agonists was: 5-HT > 5-methoxytryptamine > tryptamine = 5,6-diHT = 5-carboxidotryptamine > 5,7-diHT = 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine > α-methyl-5-HT > 2-methyl-5-HT. Incubation of ovarian follicles with high doses of some antagonists (mianserin and metergoline) induced oocyte GVBD, although this effect was associated with high levels of oocyte atresia during GVBD or shortly after maturation. Consequently, doses of the antagonist too low to induce GVBD were tested for their ability to block the 5-HT inhibitory action; the rank order of potency was: MDL-72222 = metoclopramide > metergoline > propanolol > ketanserin. Dopamine, acetylcholine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine could also inhibit 17,20βP-induced GVBD, although at doses much higher than those of 5-HT; melatonin and histamine had no effect on oocyte maturation. These results suggest that specific receptors mediate the inhibitory action of 5-HT on the steroid-triggered meiosis resumption. The pharmacological profile of these 5-HT receptors is different from those of any known mammalian 5-HT receptor, although they showed some similarities to the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2, and 5-HT3 receptors, as well as to 5-HT receptors on oocytes of some bivalve molluscs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 48:282–291, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Limited feedback schemes for downlink OFDMA based on sub-channel groups

In a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, optimally allocating sub-channels across mobile users can require excessive feedback of channel state information (CSI). We consider an OFDMA model in which the feedback overhead is explicitly taken into account, given a fixed feedback rate and finite coherence time. The tradeoff between feedback rate and sum capacity is studied for two limited feedback schemes: a sequential scheme in which the users send compressed feedback bits over consecutive time slots, and a contention scheme in which users send their feedback via a random access protocol. For both schemes each feedback bit indicates a request for a group containing multiple subchannels. We show that the sum capacity for both schemes with optimized sub-channel groups grows linearly with the number of sub-channels N, and that the associated constant increases as the log of the normalized feedback rate measured in bits per coherence time per sub-channel. We also compare the asymptotic (large N) performance of the two limited feedback schemes as a function of the feedback rate and load (users per sub-channel). The sequential scheme performs best with moderate to large feedback rates, or small loads, whereas the contention scheme performs best with small feedback rates or large loads.
Democratic Hopes in the Polycentric City

The polycentric model of municipal governance suggests that multiple jurisdictions may approximate an efficient market for local public services: citizens move to jurisdictions offering services they value at tax rates they are willing and able to pay. The model is appealing to political theorists for its emphasis on free association and responsive governance, but problematic insofar as institutions prescribed by the model permit exclusionary practices and objectionable inequalities. I argue for a revised conception of polycentricity: efficient spatial patterns of boundaries and services are acceptable only if they are consistent with (inter alia) fair opportunities for both mobility and loyalty to place. This suggests a vision of the polycentric city in which fairness and contestation are as important as freedom and efficiency.
New Species of Cricetid Rodents (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene (Hemphillian) Previously Referred to Peromyscus pliocenicus Wilson

ABSTRACT Specimens previously identified as the Hemphillian cricetid Basirepomys pliocenicus (Wilson, 1937) (=Peromyscus pliocenicus Wilson, 1937) by Korth and De Blieux (2010) have been re-examined, and several distinct species are here recognized. Specimens from the early Hemphillian Rome fauna of Oregon are referred to a new, more primitive species of Basirepomys Korth and De Blieux, 2010, here named Basirepomys romensis, new species, which differs from other species of the genus in having lower-crowned cheek teeth and incomplete alternation of cusps on some molars. Specimens from the early Hemphillian Juniper Creek and Little Valley faunas of Oregon are referable to Paronychomys Jacobs, 1977, rather than Basirepomys, and represent a new species, Paronychomys shotwelli, which is distinguished from other species of the genus by its larger size and relatively longer lower third molar. A specimen previously referred to Peromyscus pliocenicus from the early Hemphillian of Kansas is referable to Paronychomy...
A quantitative study of human superior cervical sympathetic ganglia

The postganglionic neurons in four human superior cervical sympathetic ganglia and the preganglionic axons in the trunks just caudal to these ganglia were counted. The number of postganglionic neurons varied from 760,370 to 1,041,652. The estimates of the number of preganglionic fibers ranged from 5,305 to 12,008. The resulting ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic neurons was as high as 1 to 63 in one ganglion and as low as 1 to 196 in another. The number of postganglionic neurons in human superior cervical sympathetic ganglia is approximately ten times greater than the figure obtained in the cat and 20 times greater than in rabbit ganglia. The number of preganglionic axons does not vary proportionally and is of the same order of magnitude in cat, dog and man.
Global solutions of the equations of elastodynamics of incompressible neo-Hookean materials.

Abstract I prove that the initial-value problem for the motion of a certain type of elastic body has a solution for all time if the initial data are sufficiently small. The body must fill all of three-space, obey a "neo-Hookean" stress-strain law, and be incompressible. The proof takes advantage of the delayed singularity formation which occurs for solutions of quasilinear hyperbolic equations in more than one space dimension. It turns out that the curl of the displacement of the body obeys such an equation. Thus, using Klainerman's inequality, one derives the necessary estimates to guarantee that solutions persist for all time.
Process/physics-based threshold voltage model for nano-scaled double-gate devices

Compact physics/process-based model for threshold voltage in double-gate devices is presented. Predominant short-channel effects for double-gate devices, which are drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and short-channel-induced barrier lowering (SCIBL), are physically analysed and modeled to be applicable to SPICE-compatible circuit simulators. The short-channel models are also developed for bulk-Si device and compared to those of double-gate devices. The validity and predictability of the models are demonstrated and confirmed by numerical device simulation results for extremely scaled L eff = 25 nm double-gate devices and bulk-Si device.
Kupffer cell prostaglandin E2 stimulates parenchymal cell O2 consumption: alcohol and cell-cell communication.

Several studies have demonstrated that ethanol can increase hepatic O2 uptake (e.g., produce a hypermetabolic state); however, a complete explanation of this important phenomenon remains unclear. H...
Nitric oxide inhibits ACh-induced intracellular calcium oscillations in porcine tracheal smooth muscle

With real-time confocal microscopy, the effect of three nitric oxide (NO) donors, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, S-nitrosoglutathione, and diethylamine NO adduct, on the dynamic intracellular Ca2...
Analysis of the effects of errors in attenuation maps on PET quantitation in TOF PET

Attenuation correction is critical to positron emission tomography (PET) quantitation. Errors in an attenuation map propagate into PET image reconstruction, subsequently affecting PET quantitation. It is important to understand quantitatively how the errors in the attenuation map impact on PET reconstruction in order to avoid misinterpretation of PET images in the presence of such errors and to set a specification on the accuracy of attenuation maps. In this study we present a computationally efficient method to predict the perturbation in the reconstructed PET image due to a perturbation in the attenuation map for time-of-flight (TOF) PET, which is known to be more robust to modeling inaccuracy than non-TOF PET. Building on existing methods that focus on non-TOF PET, we derive an analytical expression to predict the propagated errors for TOF PET by using a stationary point analysis applied to penalized-likelihood image reconstruction. We calculate the analytical expression efficiently in Fourier space without additional image reconstruction or matrix inversion. In addition, we demonstrate the propagated errors in PET quantitation are proportional to TOF timing resolution. The analytical method enables one to quickly examine the effects of inaccuracies in an attenuation map on PET quantitation. Its applications include analysis of MR-based attenuation correction in PET/MR, where MR-based attenuation maps often have inaccuracies in bones, lungs and implants.
Detailed high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of OMEGA separated reactants inertial confinement fusion experiments

We present results from the comparison of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) simulations with data from the implosions of inertial confinement fusion capsules with separated reactants performed on the OMEGA laser facility. Each capsule, referred to as a “CD Mixcap,” is filled with tritium and has a polystyrene (CH) shell with a deuterated polystyrene (CD) layer whose burial depth is varied. In these implosions, fusion reactions between deuterium and tritium ions can occur only in the presence of atomic mix between the gas fill and shell material. The simulations feature accurate models for all known experimental asymmetries and do not employ any adjustable parameters to improve agreement with experimental data. Simulations are performed with the RAGE radiation-hydrodynamics code using an Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES) strategy for the hydrodynamics. We obtain good agreement with the experimental data, including the DT/TT neutron yield ratios used to diagnose mix, for all burial depths of the deuterated shell layer. Additionally, simulations demonstrate good agreement with converged simulations employing explicit models for plasma diffusion and viscosity, suggesting that the implicit sub-grid model used in ILES is sufficient to model these processes in these experiments. In our simulations, mixing is driven by short-wavelength asymmetries and longer-wavelength features are responsible for developing flows that transport mixed material towards the center of the hot spot. Mix material transported by this process is responsible for most of the mix (DT) yield even for the capsule with a CD layer adjacent to the tritium fuel. Consistent with our previous results, mix does not play a significant role in TT neutron yield degradation; instead, this is dominated by the displacement of fuel from the center of the implosion due to the development of turbulent instabilities seeded by long-wavelength asymmetries. Through these processes, the long-wavelength asymmetries degrade TT yield more than the DT yield and thus bring DT/TT neutron yield ratios into agreement with experiment. Finally, we present a detailed comparison of the flows in 2D and 3D simulations.
New hybrid neutral point treatment for 3～66 kV auxiliary power network

This paper describes a new hybrid neutral point treatment for 3～66 kV auxiliary power network, which integrates the selective protection for switching off earth short circuit and two sets of AC metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps at different protection level. The neutral resistor is earthed during normal operation of the network, with the voltage limiting level about twice as much as the phase voltage. In case of bus short circuit fault and the current protection's failure to operate, the isolated neutral mode or the arc-suppression-coil-earthed mode comes into effect, with the voltage limiting level 2.9～3 times as much as the phase voltage. The proposed neutral point treatment, combining the advantages of both the isolated (or the arc-suppression-coil-earthed) neutral system and the resistance-grounded system, is an internationally commendable neutral point treatment and applies also to 6～10 kV distribution grid.
Research on the ECT Vibrating Test Methods

The electronic current transformer(ECT)is the key device of the smart grid, the reliability and stability of which ensure the security of the smart gird. So this paper investigates the test method of the ECT vibrating which is from connecting to the circuit breaker when operating, and proposes two methods. It also tests the ECTs in these two methods, and analyzes the causes of the error output of ECTs on the basis of the test results.
Modeling Poplar Growth as a Short Rotation Woody Crop for Biofuels

Short rotation woody crops (SRWC) such as hybrid poplar are potential feedstocks for cellulosic derived biofuels. The ability to accurately predict the growth and biomass yields of SRWC under various environmental conditions is important for predicting economic performance and overall sustainability of the biofuel production system. Tree coppicing is often used in the management of SRWC plantations. Modeling the response of the SRWC to the coppice cycle is a requirement in long term predictions of stand productivity. The objective of this study was to develop a model of poplar growth to evaluate feedstock supply potentials under different production conditions including coppicing. This was accomplished by modifying thePhysiological Principles in Predicting Growth (3PG) model originally developedby Landsberg et al. (1997) to include a simple root interaction system to simulate the sprouting and regrowth of coppiced trees. The modified model, 3PG-AHB, was tested against published information from three previous hybrid poplar field studies employing coppicing. Soil and weather inputs were parameterized to be as close to the growing conditions as possible for the field trials. The model parameterized with generic poplar derived values generally predicted crop yield under coppicing to within the variations among different species field tested. The model's predictions were weakest in the first year after coppicing events, improving thereafter. The model has been used as part of a geospatial assessment of regional biomass production for the Pacific Northwest and as an online tool SRWC feedstock estimation.
Regenerative Engineering in Maxillofacial Reconstruction

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with approximately 275,000 new cases each year. In some countries, mortality rates reach as high as 70 %. For patients that survive, bodily functions of speaking, swallowing, and chewing are severely compromised. Although there has been improvement in free tissue transfer techniques and virtual planning with implant placement, maxillofacial reconstruction techniques need refinement to allow greater improvement in functional outcomes and quality of life. Regenerative engineering principles provide a potential means of improving maxillofacial tissue regeneration. Maxillofacial reconstruction requires unique insights to maximize clinical impact. Because traditional cancer treatment can include radiation therapy, defect sites may experience hypoxia and experience thrombosis and fibrosis, which complicate restoration [1]. Several cell sources, such as periosteal-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been evaluated for use in maxillofacial reconstruction, with variable success. From our comprehensive review of the literature, there is a significant need to further the application of regenerative engineering principles to maxillofacial regeneration following oral cancer treatment. The prevalence of oral cancer and limitations of treatments invites regenerative engineering approaches. While combatting cancer, tissue removal, radiation, and/or chemotherapy often significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life. A high-quality “functional outcome” following treatment means the ability to readily perform the seemingly simplest of biological tasks that humans often take for granted—swallowing, breathing, coughing, and speaking intelligibly. Indeed, damage due to clinical treatments may include normal tissues at the cancer site but can also extend to surrounding tissues such as teeth. A regenerative engineering approach, involving tissue enhancement with cellular materials, would allow tissue to be rebuilt following and during potentially harmful clinical treatments.
No More Birds and Bees: A Process Approach to Parent-Child Sexual Communication

In this chapter, we present conjoined models of parent-child sexual communication. These models rely on communication privacy management theory to show how sexual information is contained within individual privacy boundaries and shared when a question is asked. Information is revealed in little bits and pieces over the course of a child’s development. Privacy boundary permeability opens, and the circumference of privacy boundaries expands over time. During a specific interaction, parents and children regulate how much information they share. These models apply to parent-child relationships where sexual communication is accomplished, recognizing that many parents and children never or rarely talk about sex.
Old English Poetry: The Question of Authorship

(1990). Old English Poetry: The Question of Authorship. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 59-64.
Syk Kinase Inhibition by R406 Inhibits BCR Mediated B Cell Proliferation and Interferes with BCR Signal Transduction in Primary Tumor Samples.

Background: B cells require B cell receptor (BCR) mediated survival signals during differentiation and throughout maturity. However, the CD79a/b signaling subunit of the BCR lacks independent kinase function and requires Syk kinase activity to activate the majority of downstream signaling effectors in the BCR signal transduction cascade. We have previously shown that inactivating Syk kinase with R406, a novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, selectively kills B cells from primary human tumor samples and B cell lines (Sharman et. al ASCO 2007, Abstract # 3600). In addition, we have shown that Syk signaling is abnormally rapid, intense, and long-lived in primary human follicular lymphoma B cells (Irish et. al Blood2006108(9) 3135–3142). We hypothesized that R406 would prevent BCR mediated proliferation of normal B cells and interfere with BCR signaling in primary B lymphoma tumor samples. Methods: Normal peripheral blood B cells were evaluated with 3H-thymidine incorporation following BCR stimulation with anti-IgM and treatment with several concentrations of R406. Phosphospecific flow cytometry was used to evaluate signal transduction in single cell suspensions derived from primary lymphoma tumor samples and cell lines pretreated with R406. Results: Peripheral blood B cells proliferate in response to BCR stimulation. This proliferation is inhibited by R406 with IC50 of approximately 100 nM and IC100 at 1250 nM. Several concentrations of R406 were used to inhibit BCR signaling in primary tumor samples. At the lowest dose 50nM, there was little impact on downstream signaling in most samples. At the highest dose tested, 2500 nM, phosphorylation of SFK, Syk, Btk, c-Cbl, p38, Stat-3, Stat-5, Erk, and Akt was completely blocked in all patients. At this same dose, R406 did not inhibit Erk phosphorylation in response to PMA in cell lines. Conclusions: At pharmacologically relevant concentrations, R406 prevents peripheral blood B cell proliferation in response to BCR stimulation and completely blocks phosphorylation of all proteins evaluated following BCR stimulation in primary tumor samples. Signaling from PKC to Erk which classically involves Ras, Raf, and MEK is undisturbed at maximum drug concentrations. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Syk determines the phosphorylation status of most proteins within the BCR signaling cascade following BCR stimulation. Since B cells require BCR mediated survival signals, the anti-BCR signaling effect of R406 may be effective against B cell neoplasms. This idea is currently being tested in a phase I/II clinical trial using an orally bioavailable form of R406 in patients with relapsed and refractory B cell NHL.
Assessing subacute mild traumatic brain injury with a portable virtual reality balance device.

AbstractPurpose: Balance impairment is a common sensorimotor symptom in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We designed an affordable, portable virtual reality (VR)-based balance screening device (Virtual Environment TBI Screen [VETS]), which will be validated relative to the Neurocom Sensory Organization Test (SOT) to determine if it can replace commonly used postural assessments.Methods: This preliminary study examines healthy adults (n = 56) and adults with mTBI (n = 11). Participants performed six upright postural tasks on the VETS and the SOT. Analysis of variance was used to determine between-group differences. Pearson’s correlations were used to establish construct validity. Known-groups approach was used to establish classification accuracy.Results: The mTBI cohort performed significantly worse than the healthy cohort on the new device (p = 0.001). The new device has 91.0% accuracy and an ROC curve with a significant area-under-the-curve (AUC = 0.865, p < 0.001). Conditions with dynamic visual sti...
Analysis of locality-sensitive hashing for fast critical event prediction on physiological time series

We apply the sublinear time, scalable locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) and majority discrimination to the problem of predicting critical events based on physiological waveform time series. Compared to using the linear exhaustive k-nearest neighbor search, our proposed method vastly speeds up prediction time up to 25 times while sacrificing only 1% of accuracy when demonstrated on an arterial blood pressure dataset extracted from the MIMIC2 database. We compare two widely used variants of LSH, the bit sampling based (L1LSH) and the random projection based (E2LSH) methods to measure their direct impact on retrieval and prediction accuracy. We experimentally show that the more sophisticated E2LSH performs worse than L1LSH in terms of accuracy, correlation, and the ability to detect false negatives. We attribute this to E2LSH's simultaneous integration of all dimensions when hashing the data, which actually makes it more impotent against common noise sources such as data misalignment. We also demonstrate that the deterioration of accuracy due to approximation at the retrieval step of LSH has a diminishing impact on the prediction accuracy as the speed up gain accelerates.
Tales from the Deadball Era: Ty Cobb, Home Run Baker, Shoeless Joe Jackson, and the Wildest Times in Baseball History. By Mark S. Halfon. (Lincoln, NE: Potomac Books, 2014. Pp. xiii, 226. $26.95.)

While some decry the perceived failings of the modern game and romanticize baseball's past, the author of this study reminds us that cheating to enhance performance, gambling scandals, and attacks ...
Integrated biosensor for simultaneous detection by surface plasmon resonance and Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

We present an integrated label-free biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance and Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensing modalities, for simultaneous and independent detection of biological analytes. We report non-interfering dual detection of neutravidin in 10nM concentration.
Root exudates increase N availability by stimulating microbial turnover of fast-cycling N pools

Abstract Theory and experiments suggest that rhizodeposition can accelerate N-cycling by stimulating microbial decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, there are remarkably few experimental demonstrations on the degree to which variations in root exudation alter rhizosphere N dynamics in the field. We conducted a series of in situ substrate addition experiments and a modeling exercise to investigate how exudate mimics and enzyme solutions (at varying concentrations) influence rhizosphere SOM and N dynamics in a loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda ) plantation (Duke Forest). Exudates were added semi-continuously to unfertilized and fertilized soils in summer and fall; enzymes were added during the following summer. Exudate additions enhanced the microbial biomass specific activities of enzymes that degrade fast-cycling N pools (i.e., amino acids and amino sugars), and increased microbial allocation to N-degrading compounds. More, such effects occurred at low exudate concentrations in unfertilized soil and at higher concentrations in fertilized soil. Direct additions of a subset of enzymes (amino sugar- and cellulose-degrading) to soils increased net N mineralization rates, but additions of enzymes that cleave slow-cycling SOM did not. We conclude that exudates can stimulate microbes to decompose labile SOM and release N without concomitant changes in microbial biomass, yet the investment of plants to trigger this effect may be greater in N-rich soils.
ADHD and SCT Symptomatology in Relation to College Students’ Use of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies:

Objective: The present study examined the relation between self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies and ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptomatology. Method: Participants were 303 college...
Incorporation of practice testing to improve knowledge acquisition in a pharmacotherapy course.

Abstract Background and purpose To incorporate and assess the impact of a coordinated practice testing activity on pharmacy student knowledge acquisition, retention, and perception as an effective study technique in a pharmacotherapy course. Educational activity and setting Students were instructed to individually create, exchange, complete, and discuss solutions to weekly, cumulative practice tests of targeted material during the first unit of the course. Students completed surveys on their perceptions of practice testing. Unit and final examination scores were compared to the previous year. Findings Comparison of average unit examinations scores showed only minimal improvement in knowledge acquisition, and no impact was detected in knowledge retention. Most students in the course did not perceive practice testing to be beneficial in learning or retaining unit material. Discussion and summary Incorporating a coordinated practice testing activity may have minimally improved knowledge acquisition in our pharmacotherapy course. However, limitations exist which make it difficult to attribute improvement solely to our learning activity.
Luther and the Reformation of the Later Middle Ages

In 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses, an act often linked with the start of the Reformation. In this work, Eric Leland Saak argues that the 95 Theses do not signal Luther's break from Roman Catholicism. An obedient Observant Augustinian Hermit, Luther's self-understanding from 1505 until at least 1520 was as Brother Martin Luther, Augustinian, not Reformer, and he continued to wear his habit until October 1524. Saak demonstrates that Luther's provocative act represented the culmination of the late medieval Reformation. It was only the failure of this earlier Reformation that served as a catalyst for the onset of the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. Luther's true Reformation discovery had little to do with justification by faith, or with his 95 Theses. Yet his discoveries in February of 1520 were to change everything.
Application of Doppler radar for the recognition of hand gestures using optimized deep convolutional neural networks

In this paper, we investigate the optimal structure of deep convolutional neural networks for classifying human hand gestures using Doppler radar. When hand motions are captured by Doppler radar, the unique micro-Doppler signatures can be observed in the spectrogram. If the signature is distinguishable by a classifier, then the hand gesture can be used for controlling electronics and as an input modality for a human-computer interface. To classiiy signatures in the spectrogram, we propose the use of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) as a classifier. DCNN is a powerful classifier that extracts features as well as class boundaries through a training process. We measured seven hand gestures performed in front of Doppler radar while generating spectrograms. To identify an optimal structure, we trained several DCNNs by changing hyperparameters, such as the number of convolutional layers, the number of filters, and the filter size. The classification accuracy obtained from the optimal DCNN structure was approximately 87%.
Human Alterations of Rivers

People have been altering the environment since prehistory. Archeological records and the stratigraphy of valley bottoms suggest that prehistoric alteration of native upland vegetation for grazing and crops resulted in enhanced sediment yields to river corridors, as well as associated changes in channel dimensions and planform and channel-floodplain connectivity (e.g., Mei-e and Xianmo 1994; Stinchcomb et al. 2011). The magnitude of these changes varied through time and space. Examples of intensive vegetation clearing and valley-bottom aggradation come from diverse regions. In the southeastern United States, nineteenth century row-crop agriculture led to floodplain deposition of more than a meter of sediment (Jackson et al. 2005). In southeastern Australia, nineteenth century land clearance caused channel and floodplain aggradation (Brooks and Brierley 1997). In southern Poland, land clearance for agriculture during the late seventeenth to nineteenth centuries triggered increased sediment yields that changed meandering rivers into braided channels (Latocha and Migon 2006). Conversely, twentieth century declining resource use, regrowth of upland vegetation, and erosion of channels occurred in mountainous regions of western and central Europe (Latocha and Migon 2006).
Distress and rumor exposure on social media during a campus lockdown

During crisis events, people often seek out event-related information to stay informed of what is happening. However, when information from official channels is lacking or disseminated irregularly, people may be at risk for exposure to rumors that fill the information void. We studied information-seeking during a university lockdown following an active-shooter event. In study 1, students in the lockdown (n = 3,890) completed anonymous surveys 1 week later. Those who indicated receiving conflicting information about the lockdown reported greater acute stress [standardized regression coefficient (b) = 0.07; SE = 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04, 0.10]. Additionally, those who reported direct contact with close others via text message (or phone) and used Twitter for critical updates during the lockdown were exposed to more conflicting information. Higher acute stress was reported by heavy social media users who trusted social media for critical updates (b = 0.06, SE = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.10). In study 2, we employed a big data approach to explore the time course of rumor transmission across 5 hours surrounding the lockdown within a subset of the university's Twitter followers. We also examined the patterning of distress in the hours during the lockdown as rumors about what was happening (e.g., presence of multiple shooters) spread among Twitter users. During periods without updates from official channels, rumors and distress increased. Results highlight the importance of releasing substantive updates at regular intervals during a crisis event and monitoring social media for rumors to mitigate rumor exposure and distress.
Case Report of Extended Survival and Quality of Life in a Melanoma Patient with Multiple Brain Metastases and Review of Literature

Long-term survival for melanoma patients with multiple brain metastases is rare. A review of the literature reveals only three reported melanoma patients with multiple brain metastases who survived more than 10 years. We present a patient who is recurrence-free 11 years after the diagnosis of three brain metastases. Her treatment consisted of cytokine (interferon and interleukin-2) and chemotherapy nine months prior to developing brain and soft tissue metastases, which were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, respectively, followed by six months of chemotherapy. Notably, she has not received any treatment for over 10 years, never underwent craniotomy or whole brain radiation therapy, currently has a perfect score on the functional assessment of cancer therapy for brain (FACT-Br) quality of life (QoL) scale, and runs marathons. This treatment course is consistent with emerging literature on the abscopal effect (radiation-induced immune response). Clinical trials are needed to better understand and harness the abscopal effect in order to optimally integrate targeted drug and radiation therapies.
Computational and mathematical models of the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway

The JAK (Janus kinase)-STAT (Signal transducer and activator of transcription) signal transduction pathway is a cascade of downstream cellular events initiated from outside of the cell through the cell surface to the DNA in the nucleus, causing transcription. The conventional modeling approach for signal transduction pathways involves solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We study here a computational alternative. We build two models of 46 reactions in the JAK-STAT pathway and compare the results. We implement a deterministic mathematical model using the ODEs solver CO-PASI, and we build a stochastic computational model using the Stochastic Pi Machine (SPiM).Since dysregulation in the functionality of JAK-STAT pathway results in immune deficiency syndrome and cancers, like lymphomas, leukemia and breast cancer, we believe that models like this have the potential to contribute to cancer research.