cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of Motivation for Sexual Health

The Health Self-Determinism Index-Sexual (HSDI-S) is a modification of the HSDI (a measure of motivation of health). Psychometric evaluation was needed to determine the usefulness of the HSDI-S as a measure of motivation of sexual health. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the HSDI-S. Three unique samples of HSDI-S scores were evaluated using principal component and maximum likelihood factor analyses with a Varimax rotation. Items that loaded on each of the factors were similar across all three samples. Factor analyses revealed two dimensions of the HSDI-S: self-directed and partner-directed motivation, which is discussed within the context of relationships. The ranges of internal consistency reliability coefficients across the samples were satisfactory for the HSDI-S (.74-.82) and for the two dimensions (.66-.77). Reliability and construct validity of the HSDI-S across three diverse samples was supported.
The end of celluloid: digital cinema emerges

Digital cinema enhances film image quality significantly, but high costs could delay its adoption. Hollywood has begun a major technological transformation, retooling its production and distribution business to exploit computing, broadband networks, and digital displays. Inevitably, digital cinema will reshape the entertainment business and may further blur the lines between the theatrical and home entertainment markets. Indeed, many of the components necessary for digital cinema's emergence have already been tested and proven in film production and post production. However, Installing a digital cinema projection system in a theater (cinema) runs about $150000 (USD). That's a lot of money for an industry accustomed to spending no more than $25000 for a film projector that will last 50 years.
Clinical course and outcome of patients with Hodgkin's disease who progress after autologous transplantation

Twenty-six of fifty-eight patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (autoBMT) or peripheral stem cell transplantation (PSCT) for Hodgkin's disease had progression of lymphoma (Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's) during the course of their follow-up. The majority of progressions, 81% (21/26), occurred within the first year of transplant; 12% (3/26) occurred at three years or more. Three patients developed a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; all B-cell tumors primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of patients (23/26) received at least one therapy after progression and 65% (17/26) of patients received multiple therapies. One patient who received a second BMT is alive without evidence of disease at 49 months following the second autologous BMT. The median survival for the entire group is 11 months. Forty-six percent (12/26) of patients survived more than one year and twenty-three percent (6/26) survived more than two years after disease progression. Post-progression survival is significantly related to time to progression.
Romance Narrative, Feminine Ideals, and Developmental Detours for Young Mothers:

Ethnographic interviews with 30 young mothers examined the ways in which contextual factors affected the mothers’ developmental passages. Themes associated with gendered influences from the larger ...
Exponential stability region estimates for the State-Dependent Riccati Equation controllers

We investigate the nonlinear exponential stability of the State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE)-based control. The SDRE technique is a nonlinear control method, which has emerged since the mid 1990's and has been applied to a wide range of nonlinear control problems. Despite the systematic method of SDRE, it is difficult to prove stability because the general analytic solution to the SDRE is not known. Some notable prior work has shown local asymptotic stability of SDRE by using numerical and analytical methods. In this paper, we introduce a new strategy, based on contraction analysis, to estimate the exponential stability region for SDRE controlled systems. Examples demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Institutions, Expectations, and Currency Crises

Currency crises are costly phenomena that have been exceptionally difficult to explain and predict. We comprehensively examine the relationship between political institutions and currency crises and emphasize the causal linkage between institutions, expectations, and crises. Specifically, we argue that institutional variables—particularly divided government and government turnover—increase the variance of expectations held by speculators thereby increasing the likelihood of currency crises. We test these hypotheses using three existing economic models of currency crises and find that institutional variables are not only statistically significant, but also substantially improve the ability of these models to forecast crises.We are grateful to Helen Milner, Charles Cameron, William Bernhard, and seminar participants at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Southern California for helpful comments. Lisa Martin and our referees provided feedback that helped dramatically improve our arguments and exposition. Andy Rose, Steve Kamin, Mathieu Bussiere, and Marcel Fratzscher generously provided data and advice that helped us replicate their findings. David Leblang acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation (SES-0136866).
Scalar speed limits and cosmology: Acceleration from D-cceleration

Causality on the gravity side of the AdS/CFT correspondence restricts motion on the moduli space of the N = 4 super Yang Mills theory by imposing a speed limit on how fast the scalar field may roll. This effect can be traced to higher derivative operators arising from integrating out light degrees of freedom near the origin. In the strong coupling limit of the theory, the dynamics is well approximated by the Dirac-Born-Infeld Lagrangian for a probe D3-brane moving toward the horizon of the AdS Poincare patch, combined with an estimate of the (ultimately suppressed) rate of particle and string production in the system. We analyze the motion of a rolling scalar field explicitly in the strong coupling regime of the field theory, and extend the analysis to cosmological systems obtained by coupling this type of field theory to four dimensional gravity. This leads to a mechanism for slow roll inflation for a massive scalar at subPlanckian VEV without need for a flat potential (realizing a version of k-inflation in a microphysical framework). It also leads to a variety of novel FRW cosmologies, some of which are related to those obtained with tachyon matter.
Role of Ca2+ channels in NE-induced increase in [Ca2+]iand tension in fetal and adult cerebral arteries

In vascular smooth muscle, elevation of agonist-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) occurs via both Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and Ca2+influx across the plasma membrane. ...
Active learning exercises in introductory mechanics: results of a two-year study

This paper reports the results of an assessment of an in-class active learning exercise in introductory physics courses. The assessment was conducted to explore conceptual issues in student understanding of Newton's Laws. The goal of this paper is to explore common misconceptions and student difficulties in mechanics across a wide range of student abilities and backgrounds. Students were made to work, individually and in groups, on an in-class assignment that was specifically designed for this purpose. A preliminary study was published earlier. The in-class active learning exercise was modified, based on the results from this study. We present a comparison of the results from both years. We found that the method students used to solve the assignment differed depending on the version of the exercise provided
Traumatic Injuries and Common Surgical Emergencies of the External Genitalia and Urethra

Penile amputation is usually the result of self-inflicted injury or mutilation (Fig. 16.1). Psychiatric evaluation should be considered in all cases given the high rate of comorbid underlying psychiatric illness. Ideally, the severed portion of the penis should be wrapped in saline-soaked gauze and double-bagged in ice. Reanastomosis is possible with a cold ischemia time of up to 16 h or warm ischemia up to 6 h. If the severed piece is unavailable, a penile stump should be created in a similar fashion to a distal penectomy with corporal closure and formation of a spatulated urethral neomeatus. A microvascular approach to reattachment yields significantly greater functional and sensory outcomes as compared to a strictly macrovascular approach. However, either technique yields satisfactory erectile function in greater than 50 % of cases. Loss of sensation, skin necrosis, and urethral stricture can also occur as a result of the amputation or repair, and such complications are more common after macrovascular repair. Adjuvant therapy to surgical reattachment includes hyperbaric oxygen treatment and leeches to encourage healing and blood flow [1, 2].
Structural changes during a century of the world’s most popular sport

The analysis in this paper employs a methodology for dating structural breaks in tests with non-standard asymptotic distributions. The application examines whether changes in the rules of a game and major social and political events during the past century had significant effects upon various outcomes of this game. The statistical methodology first applied here proves successful as most breaks can be traced to specific events and rule changes. Dating these breaks allows us to obtain useful insights into production and competition processes in this industry. As such, using empirical tests we illustrate the utility of a valuable statistical technique not applied previously.
Identifying differentially expressed genes from microarray experiments via statistic synthesis

Motivation: A common objective of microarray experiments is the detection of differential gene expression between samples obtained under different conditions. The task of identifying differentially expressed genes consists of two aspects: ranking and selection. Numerous statistics have been proposed to rank genes in order of evidence for differential expression. However, no one statistic is universally optimal and there is seldom any basis or guidance that can direct toward a particular statistic of choice. Results: Our new approach, which addresses both ranking and selection of differentially expressed genes, integrates differing statistics via a distance synthesis scheme. Using a set of (Affymetrix) spike-in datasets, in which differentially expressed genes are known, we demonstrate that our method compares favorably with the best individual statistics, while achieving robustness properties lacked by the individual statistics. We further evaluate performance on one other microarray study. Availability: The approach is implemented in an R package called DEDS, which is available for download from the Bioconductor website (http://www.bioconductor.org/). Contact: mark@biostat.ucsf.edu
Is Levinas relevant to psychoanalysis

Owing to the considerable reputation of the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, many psychoanalyts are poised to adopt an alternative view of personal relations. After all, his work appeals in particular to those who would privilege affect over drive, relations of persons over psychic models. Be that as it may, there are two immediate difficulties with any appropriation of Levinas into the psychoanalytic scheme. First, in excellent work, students of psychoanalysis who seek resources in Levinas tend to race straight for the affective face-toface relation and ignore the technicalities of the phenomenological method of which this relation is the result. 1 Hyperbolic and repetitive as Levinas’s work mostly is, this relation cannot be lifted from its phenomenological basis any more than, say, Kant’s categorical imperative can be removed from its transcendentalist background. Furthermore, noting parallels and convergences between Levinas and psychoanalysis, many commentators have failed to acknowledge Levinas’s unremitting hostility to the entire psychological enterprise in any form. 2 Generally speaking, from his earliest critical introduction to the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl to his last monumental work, Otherwise Than Being or Beyond Essence, Levinas has offered a synoptic critique of theory itself, not excluding psychological theories. Not only does he directly and indefatigably challenge the presumptions of psychological theory, he also offers a multiform critique of its metaphysical, rationalist, and ethical presuppositions. Inspired by ethical concerns and armed with a revised phenomenological method, he categorically rejects the psychological notions of ego, self, mind, psyche, and experience. Like several other twentieth-century phi
Cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstriction restrains hypoxia-mediated cerebral vasodilation in young adults with metabolic syndrome

Poor cerebrovascular function in metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) likely contributes to elevated risk of cerebrovascular disease in this growing clinical population. Younger MetSyn adults without clinical evidence of cerebrovascular disease exhibit preserved hypercapnic vasodilation yet markedly impaired hypoxic vasodilation, but the mechanisms behind reduced hypoxic vasodilation are unknown. Based on data from rats, we tested the hypothesis that younger adults with MetSyn exhibit reduced cerebral hypoxic vasodilation due to loss of vasodilating prostaglandins. Middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) was measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound in adults with MetSyn (n = 13, 33 ± 3 yr) and healthy controls (n = 15, 31 ± 2 yr). Isocapnic hypoxia was induced by titrating inspired oxygen to lower arterial saturation to 90% and 80% for 5 min each. Separately, hypercapnia was induced by increasing end-tidal CO2 10 mmHg above baseline levels. Cyclooxygenase inhibition (100 mg indomethacin) was conducted in a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled design. MCAv was normalized for group differences in blood pressure (healthy: 89 ± 2 mmHg vs. MetSyn: 102 ± 2 mmHg) as cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi), and used to assess cerebral vasodilation. Hypoxia increased CVCi in both groups; however, vasodilation was ∼55% lower in MetSyn at SpO2 = 80% (P < 0.05). Indomethacin tended to decrease hypoxic vasodilation in healthy controls, and unexpectedly increased dilation in MetSyn (P < 0.05). In contrast to hypoxia, hypercapnia-mediated vasodilation was similar between groups, as was the decrease in vasodilation with indomethacin. These data indicate increased production of vasoconstrictor prostaglandins restrains hypoxic cerebral vasodilation in MetSyn, preventing them from responding appropriately to this important physiological stressor.
Measuring the effects of energy flow on IC package thermal performance

This paper is an examination of how to model PCB conduction effects when modeling IC package thermal performance. It compares finite element models of electronic packages to package on board measurements to packages on a board simulator using a power dissipation control structure. The paper presents measurement data showing the change in junction temperature compared to the amount of heat conducted through the leads of a package. It suggests a simple model for representing this phenomena where the total energy being dissipated through the package is broken into two directions, convection in the upward direction of the package and conduction through the bottom of the package.
Dominance as a Predictor of Cofoundress Disappearance Order in Social Wasps (Polistes fuscatus)

and Summary Paper wasp foundress longevity was examined by censusing throughout one colony cycle 29 multiple foundress queens, 43 multiple foundress subordinates, and 56 single foundresses that were nesting in artificial nestboxes in the same field habitat. At the end of the census period when most colonies were in a state of decline, all of the multiple foundress queens, 32% of the single foundresses, and 19% of the subordinate cofoundresses remained with their colony. Half of the subordinates disappeared within 15 days after the first workers eclosed and before most reproductive eggs were laid. On colonies with more than one subordinate cofoundress, the closer in rank a cofoundress was to the queen, the sooner the cofoundress disappeared after the workers eclosed. The queen and her worker offspring may increase their inclusive fitnesses by selectively ejecting the highly ranked cofoundresses, which pose the greatest threat to the queen's reproductive domination. Subordinate longevity appears to be influenced more by intracolony reproductive conflict than by foraging-related mortality.
GenomicTools: a computational platform for developing high-throughput analytics in genomics.

MOTIVATION: Recent advances in sequencing technology have resulted in the dramatic increase of sequencing data, which, in turn, requires efficient management of computational resources, such as computing time, memory requirements as well as prototyping of computational pipelines. RESULTS: We present GenomicTools, a flexible computational platform, comprising both a command-line set of tools and a C++ API, for the analysis and manipulation of high-throughput sequencing data such as DNA-seq, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and MethylC-seq. GenomicTools implements a variety of mathematical operations between sets of genomic regions thereby enabling the prototyping of computational pipelines that can address a wide spectrum of tasks ranging from pre-processing and quality control to meta-analyses. Additionally, the GenomicTools platform is designed to analyze large datasets of any size by minimizing memory requirements. In practical applications, where comparable, GenomicTools outperforms existing tools in terms of both time and memory usage. AVAILABILITY: The GenomicTools platform (version 2.0.0) was implemented in C++. The source code, documentation, user manual, example datasets and scripts are available online at http://code.google.com/p/ibm-cbc-genomic-tools.
Nurse Specialty Certification, Inpatient Mortality, and Failure to Rescue

Purpose: To determine if hospital proportion of staff nurses with specialty certification is associated with risk-adjusted inpatient 30-day mortality and failure to rescue (deaths in surgical inpatients following a major complication). Design: Secondary analysis of risk-adjusted adult general, orthopedic, and vascular surgical inpatients discharged during 2005–2006 (n= 1,283,241) from 652 nonfederal hospitals controlling for state, hospital, patient, and nursing characteristics by linking outcomes, administrative, and nurse survey data (n= 28,598). Method: Nurse data, categorized by education and certification status, were aggregated to the hospital level. Logistic regression models were used to estimate effects of specialty certification and other nursing characteristics on mortality and failure to rescue. Findings: Hospital proportion of baccalaureate and certified baccalaureate staff nurses were associated with mortality and failure to rescue; no effect of specialization was seen in the absence of baccalaureate education. A 10% increase in hospital proportion of baccalaureate and certified baccalaureate staff nurses, respectively, decreased the odds of adjusted inpatient 30-day mortality by 6% and 2%; results for failure to rescue were identical. Conclusions: Nurse specialty certification is associated with better patient outcomes; effect on mortality and failure to rescue in general surgery patients is contingent upon baccalaureate education. Clinical Relevance: Investment in a baccalaureate-educated workforce and specialty certification has the potential to improve the quality of care.
Angular Accuracy of a Scanning Radar Employing a Two-Pole Filter

A two-pole filter is proposed as a detector for a scanning radar. The optimum values of the filter coefficients are found and are approximated by a simple expression. The optimum two-pole filter requires a 0.15-dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio in order to provide the same detection capability as the optimum detector, and yields azimuth estimates whose standard deviation are within 15 percent of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The estimator is simple to implement, avoiding the storage requirements of the moving window detector and the bias complications of the feedback integrator.
Differences in optic disc topography between black and white normal subjects

Purpose To determine if differences in optic disc topography exist between blacks and whites independent of racial differences in the area of the scleral canal. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Participants A cohort of 146 eyes from black subjects and 97 eyes from white subjects without detectable ocular disease. Methods Reliable bilateral images were obtained using a retinal topographer. Mean values for all topographic parameters were compared both unadjusted and adjusted for differences in optic disc area and/or reference plane height. Comparisons of group differences for parameters and linear discriminant functions were adjusted for interocular dependence and multiple comparisons. Results Blacks had a significantly greater optic disc area (mean disc area in right eye: black subjects, 2.14 mm 2 ; white subjects, 1.96 mm 2 [ P = 0.02]; mean disc area in left eye: black subjects, 2.18 mm 2 ; white subjects, 2.02 mm 2 [ P = 0.04]). Most racial differences in optic disc parameters were not significant after adjustment for differences in optic disc area and reference plane height. However, eyes of black subjects demonstrated a deeper maximum cup depth than those of whites ( P = 0.004), independent of differences in disc area and reference plane height. The values of linear discriminant functions did not differ significantly between racial groups, and the Moorfield classification correctly identified a similar proportion of subjects as normal in each racial group. Conclusions Most of the normal variation in optic disc topography between blacks and whites seen with a retinal topographer is due to either differences in disc area or differences in reference plane height. However, small residual differences remain in cup depth independent of these parameters. These racial differences in optic disc structure should be considered in the statistical judgment of disease status based on these parameters. The Moorfield classification, which takes disc area into account, performed with similar specificity in each racial group.
Testing for Independence between Two stationary Time Series via the Empirical Characteristic Function

This paper proposes an asymptotic one-sided N(0, 1) test for independence between two stationary time series using the empirical characteristic function. Unlike the tests based on the cross-correlation function (e.g. Haugh, 1976; Hong, 1996; Koch & Yang 1986), the proposed test has power against all pairwise cross-dependencies, including those with zero cross-correlation. By differentiating the empirical characteristic function at the origin, the present approach yields a modified version of Hongi¯s (1996) test, which in turn generalizes Haughi¯s (1976) test. Other new tests can be derived by further differentiating the empirical characteristic function properly. A simulation study compares the new test with those of Haugh (1976), Hong (1996) and Koch & Yang (1986) in finite samples; the results show that the new test has reasonable sizes and good powers against linear and nonlinear cross-dependencies.
Implicit Versus Explicit Convective Heating in Numerical Weather Prediction Models

Abstract The ability of several explicit formulations of convective heating to predict the precipitation associated with a mesoscale convective complex was compared to that of a cumulus parameterization on a ½ deg latitude-longitude mesh. In the explicit approaches, prediction equations were present for both water vapor and cloud water, or vapor alone. The simplest explicit approach, for which any condensed water was assumed to fall immediately as rain, produced localized excessive rainfall. This explicit heating instability arose as a result of the requirements of saturation prior to rainfall, which delayed condensation and allowed excessive convective instability to build, and neglect of fluxes, which prevented the instability from being released in a realistic manner. These results, combined with those of previous investigators, indicate that the simplest form of explicit heating is prone to instability and unsuitable for mesoscale models. Instability problems were significantly reduced by the inclusio...
Anomalous branching of the left common carotid artery with associated atherosclerotic changes: a case report.

We report on an unusual variant of external carotid artery anatomy in which no identifiable main external carotid trunk was present, and thus no true carotid bifurcation existed
Splashing Our Way to Playfulness! An Aquatic Playgroup for Young Children with Autism, A Repeated Measures Design.

This study investigated the effectiveness of an aquatic playgroup on the playfulness of children, ages 2 to 3 with autism spectrum disorder. Using a repeated measures design, we followed 10 children and their caregivers who participated in a 6-week aquatic playgroup in southwest Florida. Four dyads completed the entire 12-week study period. The Test of Playfulness (ToP) and Test of Environmental Supportiveness (TOES) were used to measure playfulness, caregiver’s promotion of play, and adequacy of the sensory environment at 3 time points: before and after a six-week playgroup and at a four-week follow-up. Children demonstrated a statistically significant increase in playfulness after aquatic playgroup intervention F (2,6) = 9.55; ηp2 = .85, p = .014. The sensory environment at the pool was more conducive for play χ2 (2) = 7.54, p = .023 after playgroup intervention, while no significant effects were seen in caregivers ability to promote play opportunities. An aquatic playgroup in the community may improve ...
Preliminary study of high energy density Zn/Ni flow batteries

Abstract The escalation of power system promotes the development of energy storage technologies (ESTs). Among all of ESTs, battery technologies develop quickly and diversely because of its huge application market. Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are very attractive to customers in the energy grid system, and their noticeable technological innovations in past decades are driving them to gradually replace the conventional ESTs under certain circumstance. Here, the first fully-flow-able zinc–nickel flow battery (ZNFB) is preliminary reported in this paper, and its superior performance is supposed to be suitable for both large-scale storage need and carry-on powertrain in cars. Through using semi-solid fuel cell (SSFC) technology, we incorporates the beneficial features of Zn/Ni chemistry (essentially sustainable, eco-friendly and deposit-abundant) into RFB structure to make a “hybrid” flow battery system, which can take the advantage of both. The relationship between carbon loading and suspension conductivity is determined. Electrochemical properties of ZNFB as static test, cycling test, and fully flowing test are studied to demonstrate our design.
Norm Proxy War and Resistance Through Outsourcing: The Dynamics of Transnational Human Rights Contestation

A great deal of constructivist international relations research on norms focuses on the diffusion of liberal human rights values. In contrast, this article analyzes how critics seek to undermine human rights principles in contexts where human rights norms are increasingly hegemonic. It argues that when norm challengers are frustrated by the institutionalization of human rights, they engage in transnational strategies to pursue their agendas. In norm proxy war, actors patronize surrogates in locales where norms are weak in the hope that victories abroad will reverberate internationally and at home. This dynamic is illustrated by American evangelical sponsorship of political homophobia in Uganda, culminating in that country’s draconian anti-LGBT legislation. When norms are resisted through outsourcing, actors contract out human rights violations in an effort to erode norms through practice, as evidenced by patterns of extraterritorial detention and extraordinary rendition to torture in the post-9/11 “Global War on Terror.” Identifying these patterns broadens understanding of potential pathways of norm contestation.
AIRBORNE LIDAR AND NEAR-SURFACE GEOPHYSICS: A NEW APPROACH TO DISCRIMINATING QUATERNARY DEPOSITIONAL UNITS ON THE TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN

Depositional units preserved on coastal plains worldwide are an important repository of information about large-scale climate change that has occurred during more than 20 Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles. In general, the lateral and vertical complexity of these depositional units and their response to climatic and sea-level change are poorly understood, making it difficult to place historical and anticipated future climate and sea-level change in a natural geologic context. Mapping Quaternary siliciclastic depositional units on low-relief coastal plains historically has been based on aerial photographs. Accuracy and detail have been hindered, however, by lack of exposure and low relief. High-resolution airborne lidar surveys, along with surface and borehole geophysical measurements, are being used to identify lateral and vertical boundaries of stratigraphic units on the Texas Coastal Plain within upper Quaternary strata. Ground and borehole conductivity measurements discriminate sandy barrier island and fluvial and deltaic channel deposits from muddy floodplain, delta-plain, and estuarine deposits. Borehole conductivity and natural gamma logs similarly distinguish distinct depositional units in the subsurface and identify erosional unconformities and soil horizons that likely separate units deposited during different glacialinterglacial cycles. High-resolution digital elevation models obtained from airborne lidar surveys reveal previously unrecognized topographic detail that greatly aids mapping of subtle surface features such as sandy channels, interchannel deposits, and accretionary features on barrier islands that formed during the last interglacial period. An optimal mapping approach for coastal-plain environments employs (1) an initial lidar survey to produce a detailed elevation model; (2) selective surface sampling and geophysical measurements based on preliminary mapping derived from lidar data and aerial imagery; and (3) borehole sampling, logging, and analysis at key sites selected after lidar and surface measurements are complete.
A Temperature-Dependent Model of Reemergence of Ips avulsus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Reemergence of adult Ips avulsus (Eichhoff) from bark slabs was studied at seven constant temperatures from 10 to 35°C. Reemergence occurred at 15–35°C, with more than 95% of all beetles reemerging in the 25–35°C range. Reemergence declined to 68% at 15°C. The relationship of adult residence time to temperature formed a backward J-shaped curve, with the longest residence time occurring at 15°C (84.4 d) and the shortest time at 32°C (8.2 d). Generally, differences in the residence times between sexes were small, and no consistent pattern of one sex reemerging before the other was observed across temperatures. A two-component model consisting of a reemergence rate versus temperature function and a cumulative Weibull distribution of normalized residence times predicted percent reemergence of a population over time. Good results were obtained when model predictions were compared to reemergence from three trees in each of three field plots. These validations indicate suitability of the reemergence model for use in a larger model of population dynamics.
Teeth number variation and cranial morphology within Vipera aspis group

The huge morphological variability of asp viper (Vipera aspis) snakes has been longly addressed and studied to solve systematic and phylogeographic questions, with emphasis mainly to external morphology, distributive patterns and genome analyses. Teeth number and skull size variation are presently considered in order to contribute to the definition of the morphological puzzle that characterise the asp viper, comparing these structures among age classes and subspecies. The results indicated that, on the whole, 1) teeth number did not vary between sexes, 2) right palatine, total palatine and right dental teeth number varied among taxa and 3) skull length was markedly dimorphic. These differences apparently are congruent to taxonomic positionand published phylogeographic patterns.
The Renal Circulations

The plural is used advisedly. Each of several microcirculations with specialized structural and functional properties is necessary to the physiologic functioning of the kidney. Newly elucidated aspects of renal vascular anatomy are mapped out and clearly related to the exchange processes that occur at the capillary level in each part of the nephron to produce the final ureteral urine of the required volume and composition.
Loss of Quiescence in von Hippel-Lindau Hemangioblastomas is Associated with Erythropoietin Signaling

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) patients develop multiple central nervous system hemangioblastomas (HB). Some HBs become symptomatic with exponential growth or cyst formation following long periods of quiescence. Understanding the factors underlying growth in hemangioblastoma may lead to better strategies to arrest or prevent tumor growth. In 5 VHL patients, we resected quiescent hemangioblastomas (Q-HB) that were en-route during surgical access to symptomatic hemangioblastomas (S-HB), for matched tumor analysis. Quantitative reverse transcriptase analysis demonstrated a 2-fold increase in EPO expression in all S-HB, while 4/5 showed either Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α or 2α upregulation. Additionally, all S-HB had increased phosphorylated erythropoietin (EPO) receptor and phosphorylated STAT-5 relative to matched Q-HB, with increased phosphorylated JAK-2 largely confined to the stromal cells in clusters within the tumors. These findings suggest that Q-HB to S-HB conversion may be associated with an erythropoietin-signaling loop. Furthermore, we found that EPO is detectable in cyst fluid from S-HB (n = 14), while absent in CSF (n = 1). Additionally, S-HB presentation or S-HB resection does not result in discernible change in serum EPO or hemoglobin (n = 60). These observations suggest that the altered erythropoietin signaling is focal and suggests that studying modulation of erythropoietin receptor pathway may lead to strategies in preventing HB growth.
Flux Synthesis, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of n-type Sn2TiO4: Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution under Visible Light

The n-type Sn2TiO4 phase was synthesized using flux methods and found to have one of the smallest visible-light bandgap sizes known that also maintains suitable conduction and valence band energies for driving photocatalytic water-splitting reactions. The Sn2TiO4 phase was synthesized using either a SnCl2 flux or a SnCl2/SnF2 peritectic flux in a 2:1 flux-to-precursor ratio heated at 600 and 400 °C for 24 h, respectively. The two types of salt fluxes resulted in large rod-shaped particles at 600 °C and smaller tetragonal prism-shaped particles at 400 °C. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy measurements produced a negative photovoltage under illumination >1.50 eV, which confirmed electrons as the majority charge carriers and ∼1.50 eV as the effective band gap. Mott–Schottky measurements at pH 9.0 showed the conduction (−0.54 V vs NHE) and valence band (+1.01 V vs NHE) positions meet the critical thermodynamic requirements for total water splitting. The Sn2TiO4 particles were deposited and annealed as polycry...
Band engineering, growth and characteristics of type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice-based detectors

We report on band engineering, growth and device performance of infrared photodetectors based on type II InAs/Ga(In)Sb strain layer superlattices (SLs) using the complementary barrier infrared detector (CBIRD) design. The unipolar barriers on either side of the absorber in the CBIRD design in combination with the type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice material system are expected to outperform traditional III-V LWIR imaging technologies and offer significant advantages over the conventional II-VI material based FPAs. The innovative design of CBIRDS, barrier and band offset engineering, low defect density material growth, and robust fabrication processes have resulted in the development of high performance long wave infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays at JPL.
Cytochrome P450 and Oxidative Stress in the Liver

Abstract Many of the hepatic toxic effects of ethanol have been linked to its metabolism in the liver and shown to correlate with CYP2E1 levels [cytochrome P450 (CYP)], lipid peroxidation, and elevated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CYP2E1 is induced under a variety of pathophysiological conditions, by drugs, and by alcohol. The goal of this chapter is first to describe ROS, the pathways that produce them, why they are toxic, and cellular defense against these reactive species. This is followed by description and characterization of the liver cytochrome P450 microsomal mixed function oxidase system including the generation of ROS. The final section discusses biochemical and toxicological properties of CYP2E1 and its contribution to ethanol-elevated oxidant stress and liver pathology.
Pleiotropic effects of nutritional ketosis: Conceptual framework for keto-adaptation as a breast cancer therapy

Abstract There currently exists a lack of consensus regarding optimal nutrition strategies for cancer survivors underscoring the need for well-controlled dietary intervention studies investigating promising approaches. Several days of dietary carbohydrate restriction to levels
Social Stratification Processes in Secondary Schools: A Comparison of Beverly Hills High School and Morningside High School.

This article provides an empirical test for Bowles and Gintis's correspondence principle. By examining the internal workings of two Los Angeles suburban high schools, one is a wealthy white communi...
Correction to: Pain, Psychological Comorbidities, Disability, and Impaired Quality of Life in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

The original version of this article contains an error in the spelling of the title. The title should read: Pain, Psychological Comorbidities, Disability, and Impaired Quality of Life in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Worlds Apart: Conflict Exposure and Preferences for Peace:

Life on the frontlines of a civil war is markedly different from life in safe(r) areas. How does this drastic difference in lived experience shape civilian attitudes toward war and peace? Contrary ...
Contact with Frege

Gottlob Frege had already published his Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens in 1879, while Peano was still a student. Jean van Heijenoort has said that “it is perhaps the most important single work ever written in logic” [Heijenoort 1967, 1]. This is hindsight, however, for the work had little impact on Frege’s contemporaries, and it was only after many of the ideas contained in it had been rediscovered — by Peano, Russell, and others — that its true value came to appreciated. Frege did not attend the congress in Zurich and Schroder did not mention him in his talk, which was largely concerned with discussing the improvements over the logic of Boole made by Peano and C.S. Peirce.
A Guide to Use of the Collection

Each tracing in the Collection has been analyzed (rates and intervals, and orientation, duration, amplitude, and contour of P, QRS, and ST-T-U) and the findings documented and reassembled as an interpretation with three elements, mechanism, structure, and function, stated in the language of the history and physical examination, not in EKG jargon. Their usefulness depends on direct relevance to the three components of a diagnosis: topography, etiology, and manifestations. With so many parts, and so many ways to indicate most of them, no mutually exclusive classification is completely satisfactory. Fig. 3-1 and the list below, however, offer a framework for evaluation of the information in each. The QRS is the stable part of the ventricular complex, ST is intermediate, and T/U most sensitive; a “shift to the right” implies diminishing specificity, much as a “shift to the left” does in a white cell differential (43).* Use the index for cross references.
Mitral valve repair for myxomatous degeneration and prolapse of the mitral valve.

From 1984 to 1988, 129 mitral valve reconstructions were done for primary pure mitral regurgitation. Sixty-two (48 %) were done for myxomatous degeneration and prolapse of the mitral valve. Anterior leaflet resection was performed in seven patients, posterior leaflet resection in 46, anteroposterior resection in four; five patients received only a ring annuloplasty. Eight patients had coronary bypass grafts. Twenty-four patients received a Carpentier-Edwards annuloplasty ring, 24 a Duran ring, and 14 patients had no ring. Follow-up was 1 to 50 months (mean, 13 months). No patient was lost to follow-up. There was one operative death from gastrointestinal bleeding and two late deaths (one from suicide and one from a myocardial infarction), and the probability of survival at 48 months was 84 % ± 15 %. There were no thromboembolic episodes or episodes of endocarditis. However, there were five reoperations (9%) with freedom from reoperation at 48 months of 85% ±5%. There was one major anticoagulant hemorrhage. Freedom from all morbidity at 48 months was 81 % ± 8 %. Postoperative echocardiographic data in the three different groups of patients undergoing repair on the basis of annuloplasty treatment showed that the peak gradient was less and the valve area was slightly greater with no annuloplasty ring.
Overall survival in stage II prostate cancer after radiation or surgical therapy.

5068Background: A recent study of 13,803 men found those treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) had higher prostate cancer specific mortality compared to patients undergoing radical pr...
Comparative effectiveness of second-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among patients ≥ 70 versus < 70 years of age.

e19018 Background: Until 2014 guidelines for the second-line treatment of NSCLC included pemetrexed, docetaxel, gemcitabine, and erlotinib. Outcomes among patients (pts) ≥ 70 years are not well und...
Introduction: Party Proliferation and Its Consequences in Senegal and Beyond

The introduction describes the proliferation of registered political parties in sub-Saharan Africa, a pattern that began with post-Cold War transitions to multiparty politics. In some countries, proliferation persists over 30 years after these transitions, defying theories expecting parties performing poorly in initial elections to disappear or fuse with more successful parties in subsequent contests. Senegal stands out as a “least-likely” case of proliferation, worthy of further analysis, because it shifted to multipartism a decade earlier than many counterparts even though party proliferation is ongoing. After reviewing the concerns that African scholars, pundits, and policymakers have expressed about party proliferation and its consequences for democracy and governance, the introduction outlines each chapter of the book. It summarizes how the book analyzes the sources of party proliferation formation in Senegal, along with three related issues: the paucity of parties that consistently oppose any given incumbent; the tendency for ex-regime insiders instead of regime outsiders to be the president’s foremost electoral competitors; and the linkage between party creation and elite defection from existing parties. The introduction also references the book’s empirically rich data, derived from hundreds of interviews in French and Wolof, as well as archival research, personal papers, locally written biographies, and local newspapers.
A 6-Week-Old Boy with Neonatal Hypotonia and Feeding and Respiratory Difficulties

The child in this vignette presented with neonatal hypotonia, feeding and respiratory difficulties. He had normal creatine kinase, myopathic EMG and muscle biopsy showed congenital fiber type disproportion (CFTD) which was caused by RYR1 mutations. CFTD is a relatively rare subtype of congenital myopathy which can be phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous. The characteristic histologic hallmark of CFTD is type I fiber hypotrophy and abundance as well as absence of other histologic evidence of congenital myopathies.
Response of Two Colorado Russet Potato Cultivars to Reduced Irrigation Water Use

In most irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production systems, the amount of irrigation water applied is equivalent to or greater than evapotranspiration (ET) replacement. ET is mostly estimated for a wide range of potato cultivars, which often leads to over or under irrigation of some cultivars. Studies were conducted at Colorado State University’s San Luis Valley Research Center to evaluate the effect of limited irrigation water below the estimated ET on performance of two new Colorado Russet potato cultivars ‘Mercury Russet’ and ‘Rio Grande Russet’. For Mercury Russet, treatments included 80%, 90%, and 100% ET replacement in 2014, and 70%, 82%, and 100% ET replacement in 2015. Treatments for Rio Grande Russet included 80%, 90%, and 100% ET replacement in 2014, and 79%, 85%, and 100% ET replacement in 2015. A reduction of irrigation water by 20% in 2014 and 30% in 2015 delayed leaf senescence of Mercury Russet until 86 to 90 days after planting (DAP). Tuber yields obtained under 10% and 18% reduced irrigation water equaled yields obtained under 100% ET treatment. For Rio Grande Russet, LAI was not impacted with limited irrigation water in 2014, but in 2015 LAI reduced with 15% or more irrigation water reduction. Limiting irrigation water beyond 20% reduced tuber yields in Rio Grande Russet. Data from these studies indicate that irrigation water applied in the production of Mercury Russet and Rio Grande Russet can be reduced up to 18% and 15%, respectively, without affecting tuber yield and quality.
Imaging of Early Obstetric Emergencies

The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize the radiologist with various obstetric emergencies which can be encountered during early pregnancy to ensure their correct diagnoses and facilitate the prompt initiation of appropriate management. We will provide an algorithmic approach toward the assessment of early pregnancy and highlight the characteristic and pathognomonic findings that will improve pattern recognition in distinguishing pathological processes encountered in the first trimester. The initial discussion offers a detailed review of embryonic development and normal imaging findings in early pregnancy, paired with expected laboratory and physical examination findings. This is followed by a detailed review of pathological processes, including pregnancy of unknown location (PUL), early pregnancy failures, ectopic pregnancy of different pelvic locations, retained products of conception and associated complications, gestational trophoblastic disease, failed intrauterine devices and tubal ligation, and early pregnancy infections. In the first trimester, diagnostic ultrasound (US) is the primary imaging modality utilized for evaluation, and therefore, the discussion will predominantly involve sonographic features of pathological processes, with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlation when applicable (Expert Panel on Women’s Imaging et al., J Am Coll Radiol 15:S69–S77, 2018).
Comparison between a Linear Regression and an Artificial Neural Network Model to Detect and Localize Damage in the Powder Mill Bridge

This paper evaluates the ability of two different data-driven models to detect and localize simulated structural damage in an in-service bridge for long-term structural health monitoring (SHM). Str...
Boreal tree regeneration after fire and fuelwood harvesting in coastal Nunatsiavut

Consecutive landscape-scale disturbances are known to influence boreal forest regeneration, yet few published data exist on the compounding effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbance on regen...