cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov Implicit-Explicit Time Integration Method for Incompressible Flow Problems

We have introduced a fully second order IMplicit/EXplicit (IMEX) time in-tegration technique for solving the compressible Euler equations plus nonlinear heat conduction problems (also known as the radiation hydrodynamics problems) in Kadioglu et al., J. Comp. Physics [22,24]. In this paper, we study the implications when this method is applied to the incompressible Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The IMEX method is applied to the incompressible flow equations in the following manner. The hyperbolic terms of the flow equations are solved explicitly exploiting the well understood explicit schemes. On the other hand, an implicit strategy is employed for the non-hyperbolic terms. The explicit part is embedded in the implicit step in such a way that it is solved as part of the non-linear function evaluation within the framework of the Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method [8,29,31]. This is done to obtain a self-consistent implementation of the IMEX method that eliminates the potential order reduction in time accuracy due to the specific operator separation. We employ a simple yet quite effective fractional step projection methodology (similar to those in [11,19,21,30]) as our preconditioner inside the JFNK solver. We present results from several test calculations. For each test, we show second order time convergence. Finally, we present a study for the algorithm performance of the JFNK solver with the new projection method based preconditioner.
Spatial and Temporal Confinement of Salt Fluxes for the Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Fe2O3 Nanocrystals

Here, molten salt syntheses (MSS) are coupled with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis to yield single-crystalline Fe2O3 nano- and microparticles with controlled shapes and phases. It was previously demonstrated that aerosol-assisted MSS can produce single-crystalline nanoplates. Now, by selecting different molten salt flux components, various crystalline phases and particle shapes are accessed via the dissolution of Fe2O3 colloids, followed by precipitation of the iron oxide products from molten alkali carbonates that are spatially and temporally confined in the aerosol phase. This confinement limits crystal growth to the nanoscale and provides access to products at different stages of supersaturation. The resulting powders consist of hexagonal nanoplates (α- or γ-Fe2O3), rhombohedra (α-Fe2O3), or octahedra (LiFe5O8) depending on the selected molten salt flux. Significantly, this synthetic approach represents a continuous and potentially general route to the generation of shape- and phase-controlled nano- and mic...
Entropy Drives an Attached Water Molecule from the C- to N-Terminus on Protonated Proline

Results from infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy and kinetics of singly hydrated, protonated proline indicate that the water molecule hydrogen bonds preferentially to the formally neutral carboxylic acid at low temperatures and at higher temperatures to the protonated N-terminus, which bears the formal charge. Hydration isomer populations obtained from IRPD kinetic data as a function of temperature are used to generate a van’t Hoff plot that reveals that C-terminal binding is enthalpically favored by 4.2−6.4 kJ/mol, whereas N-terminal binding is entropically favored by 31−43 J/(mol K), consistent with a higher calculated barrier for water molecule rotation at the C-terminus.
A Calculus Theorem Motivated by a Statistics Problem

two digits. For example, 1/97 = .01030927 ..., the powers of three. The Fibonacci numbers result from p = q = 1, co = 0, cl = 1, x = 10 in (2) as 10/89 = .11235 ... or using x = 100, we find 100/9899 = .0101020305081321 .... If we make up our own sequence 2, 5, 7, 12, 19,..., where p = q = 1, co = 3, cl = 2, and let x = 100, we find 203/9899 = .0205071219.... We can put an arithmetic progression into the digits of a decimal expansion by taking cl = a, C2 a + d, co = a d. Then Cn+2 = 2cn+1 cn, and p = 2, q = -1 in (2). Let x = 102, and expand fractions y/9801. The terms of the chosen arithmetic progression appear in blocks of two digits. Some examples are:
Robust Design Optimization of High Temperature SiC-Si3N4 Nanocomposites

A simulation-based robust material design optimization methodology is presented to predict the most suitable microstructural phase morphologies for desired high temperature strength of SiC-Si3N4 nanocomposites. The use of robust design optimization techniques in multiscale material design will allow developing SiC-Si3N4 nanocomposites whose performance variation is insensitive to processing variations. In this investigation, statistical uncertainties inherent to computational microstructural generation are quantified and introduced in the proposed methodology to generate robust nanocomposites. The result of this investigation is a systematic method capable of synthesizing optimal microstructure that will satisfy the design requirements, while reducing cost and time. In this work, a sequential approximate optimization under uncertainty algorithm is used to find the most robust microstructure that maximizes its strength at two temperature cases, 1500 o C and 1600 o C. Nomenclature α = trade-off parameter β = grain size distribution ef = convergence tolerance in objective function ex = convergence tolerance in design variables fp = performance function () p f = approximate performance function p f = mean value of performance function
Effect of brefeldin A on ADH-induced transport responses of toad bladder

We have used brefeldin A (BFA) to examine the role of membrane traffic in the short-circuit current (ISC) and water permeability responses of the toad urinary bladder. BFA treatment of 1 or 5 micrograms/ml had a complex effect on the response of the ISC to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or forskolin stimulation. Although the responses to initial challenges by ADH were not impaired by BFA, subsequent ISC responses were progressively reduced. Similarly, while the response to an initial challenge by forskolin was modestly reduced by BFA, subsequent responses were markedly reduced. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHM) affected ISC responses similarly. Neither BFA nor CHM had an effect on water permeability responses. These observations show that although the membrane traffic responsible for the water permeability response is insensitive to inhibition by BFA or CHM, the stimulation of Na+ transport becomes increasingly sensitive to these inhibitors with successive challenges by ADH or forskolin. Although initial increases in Na+ transport utilize preexisting components, subsequent responses appear to require an intact system for membrane biogenesis.
Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay detection of a soluble form of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in vivo

The receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA-R, CD87) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored 50 to 65 kD glycoprotein that, by regulating membrane-associated plasmin activity, may facilitate the invasion of inflammatory and malignant cells. Certain other GPI-anchored glycoproteins are shed from the cell membrane and exist as soluble products in vitro and in vivo. To determine if uPA-R undergoes a similar phenomenon, we have developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) (using a rabbit antiserum as both capture and detection reagents) to measure the quantity of soluble uPA-R (suPA-R) in tissue culture supernatants and biologic fluids. Using this ELISA, we have detected suPA-R in the culture supernatants of U-937 cells and human monocytes stimulated in vitro by certain soluble inflammatory mediators (Sitrin et al, Blood 84:1268, 1994; Mizukami et al., Clin Res 42:115A, 1994). To determine if suPA-R exists in vivo, we have screened the plasma of 20 normal volunteers (mean +/- SD, 3 +/- 3 ng/mL; median, 2 ng/mL; range, 1 to 11 ng/mL [serum values slightly higher]); the plasma of 13 ICU patients with clinical sepsis syndrome (mean +/- SD, 30 +/- 11 ng/mL; median, 11 ng/mL; range, 4 to 221 ng/mL); and the extravascular fluids (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal) of 84 individuals with presumed inflammatory or malignant conditions (mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 39 ng/mL; median, 10 ng/mL; range, 2 to 253 ng/mL). Among the latter specimens, most were inflammatory exudates (only six were malignant by positive cytology) with the highest quantities of suPA-R associated with neutrophilic exudates. The solubility of suPA-R contained within these fluids was confirmed by reanalysis after ultracentrifugation to remove particulate material. When tested in a uPA ligand capture ELISA, representative specimens of extravascular body fluids and sepsis plasma contained suPA-R capable of binding uPA ligand (generally representing a small fraction of the immunoreactive material). We conclude from these data that suPA-R is immunologically detectable in vitro and in vivo with high concentrations of receptor found under conditions of inflammatory stimulation. The possibility of suPA-R's biologic activity is suggested by its partial retention of ligand binding capacity.
Making Policy Through the Waiver of Regulations at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

This Article presents a case study of agency waiver procedures, based on the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC's) regulations for qualifying power generation facilities under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA). After presenting a survey of the literature related to agency waivers and exceptions, FERC's waiver policy and process under PURPA is discussed. The Article proposes specific reforms to FERC's waiver procedures designed to encourage flexibility in the application of regulations to new power generation technologies, while also ensuring protection of the public interest, procedural values, and the statutory goals of PURPA.
Understanding inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis : How immune biomarkers guide clinical strategies in the systemic onset subtype

The translation of basic insight in immunological mechanisms underlying inflammation into clinical practice of inflammatory diseases is still challenging. Here we describe how-through continuous dialogue between bench and bedside-immunological knowledge translates into tangible clinical use in a complex inflammatory disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Systemic JIA (sJIA) is an autoinflammatory disease, leading to the very successful use of IL-1 antagonists. Further immunological studies identified new immune markers for diagnosis, prediction of complications, response to and successful withdrawal of therapy. Myeloid related protein (MRP)8, MRP14, S100A12, and Interleukin-18 are already used daily in clinic as markers for active sJIA. For non-sJIA subtypes, HLA-B27, antinuclear-antibodies, rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein are still used for classification, prognosis or active disease. MRP8, MRP14, and S100A12 are now under study for clinical practice. We believe that with biomarkers, algorithms can soon be designed for the individual risk of disease, complications, damage, prediction of response to, and successful withdrawal of therapy. In that way, less time will be lost and less pain will be suffered by the patients. In this review, we describe the current status of immunological biomarkers used in diagnosis and treatment of JIA.
Relativistic High-Energy-Density Systems

This chapter begins with a discussion of what constitutes a relativistic system at high energy density and how to produce such systems. The primary focus is on lasers intense enough to create relativistic electron motion. The chapter proceeds to discuss the motion of individual electrons in laser pulses and then the problem of producing the interaction of such laser pulses with sold targets , as opposed to with plasma blown off their surfaces. Topics discussed further related to laser irradiation of solids include absorption, harmonic generation, and induced transparency. The discussion then turns to particle acceleration. Wakefield acceleration of electrons is discussed at length. Ion acceleration by target sheaths, by laser pistons, and by Coulomb explosions are discussed next. After that, the chapter analyzes hole drilling by such lasers and the collisionless shocks that may result. The chapter ends with a brief review of several other phenomena, including magnetic-field generation, betatron X-ray production, positron production, nuclear reactions, and phenomena involving intense beams.
Estimation of pre-industrial nitrous oxide emissions from the land biosphere

To accurately assess how increased global nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission has affected the climate system requires a robust estimation of the pre-industrial N 2 O emissions since only the difference between current and pre-industrial emissions represents net drivers of anthropogenic climate change. However, large uncertainty exists in previous estimates of pre-industrial N 2 O emissions from the land biosphere, while pre-industrial N 2 O emissions at the finer scales such as regional, biome, or sector have not yet well quantified. In this study, we applied a process-based Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) to estimate the magnitude and spatial patterns of pre-industrial N 2 O fluxes at the biome-, continental-, and global-level as driven by multiple environmental factors. Uncertainties associated with key parameters were also evaluated. Our study indicates that the mean of the pre-industrial N 2 O emission was approximately 6.20 Tg N yr −1 , with an uncertainty range of 4.76 to 8.13 Tg N yr −1 . The estimated N 2 O emission varied significantly at spatial- and biome-levels. South America, Africa, and Southern Asia accounted for 34.12 %, 23.85 %, 18.93 %, respectively, together contributing of 76.90 % of global total emission. The tropics were identified as the major source of N 2 O released into the atmosphere, accounting for 64.66 % of the total emission. Our multi-scale estimates with a reasonable uncertainty range provides a robust reference for assessing the climate forcing of anthropogenic N 2 O emission from the land biosphere.
Legacy and Later Life of Alfred Cowles III

While Alfred Cowles III was not college-trained in finance and economics, he nonetheless attained some of the highest accolades of his field. He was a Fellow of the American Association for Advancement of Science, and a Fellow and Treasurer of the Econometric Society. He also was the principal author of the Cowles Monograph Common Stock Indexes, and contributed to Econometrica and the Journal of American Statistical Association. Some of his publications include Can Stock Market Forecasters Forecast?, a paper read before a joint meeting of the Econometric Society and the American Statistical Association, Cincinnati, Ohio, 31 December 1932. This article was subsequently reprinted in Econometrica.1
Exaggerated Sexual Swellings and the Probability of Conception in Wild Sanje Mangabeys ( Cercocebus sanjei )

Females of several catarrhine primate species exhibit exaggerated sexual swellings that change in size and coloration during the menstrual cycle and, in some species, gestation. Although their function remains under debate, studies indicate that swellings may contain information males could use to discern ovulation and the probability that a cycle will be conceptive. Here we combine visual ratings of swellings with hormonal data for a group of Sanje mangabeys (18 adult, 3 adolescent females) to determine if their swellings provide reliable information on female fertility. In all cases where ovulation was detected (N = 7), it occurred during maximum tumescence, and in 83.3% during the first two days of the "shiny phase," a period during maximum tumescence when the swelling was brightest. There were no significant differences in maximum tumescence and shiny phase duration among cycles of different probability of conception, although there was a trend toward conceptive cycles exhibiting shorter shiny phases than nonconceptive ones. Only 25% (N = 4) of postconceptive swellings developed the shiny phase, and adolescents displayed the longest maximum tumescence and shiny phases. The conspicuous nature of the shiny phase and the frequent overlap between its onset and ovulation suggest that its presence serves as a general signal of ovulation and that the cycle has a high probability of being conceptive. It also suggests that swellings in some Sanje mangabeys are more accurate signals of fertility than in other primates.
Sound velocity in liquid4He under pressure

We have measured the temperature dependence of the sound velocity in liquid 4 He at pressures from the vapor pressure to near the solidification pressure. The data were obtained at frequencies from 12 to 105 MHz and covered the temperature range from below 0.1 to nearly 1.0 K. The velocity data at high pressures do not show any anomaly that can be associated with a distinct shoulder found earlier in the sound attenuation. As observed previously at the vapor pressure, the frequency dependence of the velocity data undergoes an inversion at low temperatures; this unexpected behavior is in agreement with recent theoretical treatments.
Natural History of Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation over 2 Years in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

PURPOSE To characterize the natural history of rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA) over 2 years in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This information will be useful in understanding the potential of RMDA to serve as a functional endpoint in proof-of-concept studies and clinical trials on intermediate AMD. METHODS RMDA was measured in eyes with intermediate AMD at baseline and follow-up visits over 2 years at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. A computerized dark adaptometer measured sensitivity for targets centered at 11° on the superior vertical meridian of the retina. Rod intercept time (RIT) characterized the speed of dark adaptation and was defined as the duration (in minutes) required for sensitivity to reach a criterion level of 3.0 log units of attenuation of the stimulus. RESULTS Mean change in RIT over 24 months for 30 eyes was 10.5 minutes (standard deviation 19.4), p 1 minute, 56.7% had an increase >3 minutes, and 36.7% had an increase >6 minutes; for 26.7% RIT was unchanged (0- to 1-minute increase) or decreased. Greater increase in RIT over 24 months was associated with smoking. CONCLUSIONS RMDA slows in intermediate AMD over 2 years in most eyes. There was wide variability in RIT at both baseline and in the extent to which it increased over 24 months. A major risk factor for AMD, smoking, exacerbated RMDA slowing. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE RMDA as assessed by RIT may be useful as a functional endpoint in proof-of-concept studies and clinical trials on intermediate AMD with 2-year designs.
A look inside the struggle for housing in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Set in the broader context of increasing urban precarity and displacement of the urban poor and working classes, this paper examines the social and collective significance of housing precarity and ...
Rheological and hardened properties of mortar incorporating high-volume ground glass fiber

Abstract The present research investigates the performance of mortar prepared with high-volume ground glass fiber (GGF) incorporated as partial replacement of Portland cement. Several binary and ternary mixtures with up to 50% cement substitution were investigated to evaluate rheological properties, heat of hydration, strength development, drying shrinkage, electrical resistivity, and carbonation. The incorporation of up to 50% GGF was found to reduce yield stress by up to 50% compared to control mortar without any GGF. On the other hand, this resulted in up to 100% increase of plastic viscosity of mortar in comparison with the Reference mortar cast with 100% Portland cement. The rate of structural build-up at rest of the tested mortars, that reflects the thixotropic nature of the mortar, decreased from 7.1 to 0.8 Pa/min with cement substitution by 50% of GGF. Reduction in 91-day compressive strength from 34 to 28 MPa was observed with 50% cement substitution by GGF. The coefficient of pozzolanic activity of mortar cast with 10% to 50% GGF ranged from 0.18 to 0.71 at 91 days, compared to mixtures containing 50% cement substitution with Class F fly ash (FA-F), Class C fly ash (FA-C), or blast furnace slag (SL) where the 91-day coefficient of pozzolanic activities were 1.80, 1.46, and 1.21, respectively. The incorporation of 10% to 50% GGF reduced the 91-day drying shrinkage by 0–20%. At 50% GGF replacement, the electrical resistivity was enhanced from 10 to 88 kΩ.cm at 91 days, while the carbonation coefficient increased by about 100%. The incorporation of 15% or 25% GGF in ternary systems containing either FA-C, FA-F, or SL was effective in enhancing compressive strength, with values ranging between 34 and 49 MPa. The best performance was observed in the case of the GGF/FA-C ternary binders, followed by the GGF/SL, and GGF/FA-F systems where 91-day compressive strength gains of up to 45%, 28%, and 10%, respectively, were observed compared to the Reference mixture with 100% Portland cement.
Evaluation of a High-Engagement Teaching Program for STEM Graduate Students: Outcomes of the Future Academic Scholars in Teaching (FAST) Fellowship Program

Higher education institutions prepare future faculty members for multiple roles, including teaching. However, teaching professional development programs for graduate students vary widely. We present evaluation data from a high engagement program for STEM doctoral students. We analyzed the impact on three cohorts of participants over three academic years and identified the components most influential upon their teaching professional development. Participants found the year-long teaching assessment project and the disciplinary and reflective focus instrumental for improving their knowledge of teaching and learning. We recommend these components for the design of other such high-engagement programs.
Commitment of Fast-Responding Storage Devices to Mimic Inertia for the Enhancement of Primary Frequency Response

One distinctive feature of renewable energy resources is that they contribute little inertia to power systems. With less system inertia, power grid is less capable of resisting frequency deviation from its nominal value in the first few seconds after disturbances. However, fast-responding storage devices can mimic inertial responses through some specified control algorithm. Thus, this paper focuses on the economic aspect of resource inertia as a service to the grid operation and aims to find a minimum-cost commitment of fast-acting storage devices for the enhancement of primary frequency responses. Costs are assigned to those storage resources and a commitment cost minimization problem is formulated with nonlinear primary frequency response constraints. A tractable iterative solution approach is developed and a sensitivity-based method through a rapidly solvable linear approximation of the nonlinear constraints is proposed to reduce the computational burdens of solving the optimization problem for large-scale systems. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated using simulation results obtained using the 118-bus IEEE reliability test system.
Perioperative Management of Anticoagulants.

Background The prevalence of anticoagulant use has increased in the United States. Medical providers have the responsibility to explain to patients the management of anticoagulant regimens before an invasive procedure. The pharmacologic characteristics of these medications, specifically their half-lives, are important in timing an interruption of anticoagulant therapy. Objective The authors review the current guidelines and recommendations for therapeutic interruption of anticoagulants and the involved pharmacologic factors. Methods Guidelines and other literature are summarized with discussion on the pharmacology of each medication. Recommendations on how and when to provide bridging for anticoagulants are discussed. Newer oral anticoagulants also are discussed, along with interruption recommendations. Results Literature reveals a conservative approach for using bridging when anticoagulation is interrupted because of higher risks of bleeding. Caution is advised when resuming anticoagulant therapy when neuraxial anesthesia is used. Conclusion Perioperative healthcare providers need to balance risks and benefits of anticoagulant therapy with its interruption preoperatively.
Preparing Chemistry Majors for the 21st Century through a Comprehensive One-Semester Course Focused on Professional Preparation, Contemporary Issues, Scientific Communication, and Research Skills

Success in chemistry in the 21st century requires not only a mastery of important chemical concepts, but also the skills to apply this knowledge to important societal issues and the ability to effectively convey scientific information using a range of media. In response to this challenge we have developed an innovative four-credit seminar that comprehensively integrates the skills needed for chemistry majors to become successful professionals and experts in the chemistry field. It is expected that after taking this course chemistry majors will (i) develop scientific literature proficiency; (ii) gain valuable career preparation/marketing skills; (iii) enhance their scientific communication skills (oral, written, and visual); (iv) increase their awareness for research ethics codes and policies; and (v) gain an appreciation for the role of chemistry in contemporary moral/societal issues, particularly sustainable science literacy. Details pertaining to the design of the course such as learning objectives, ass...
M. Leslie Madden, Laura Carscaddon, Denita Hampton, and Brenna Helmstutler. Now You’re a Manager: Quick and Practical Strategies for New Mid-Level Managers in Academic Libraries . Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. 2017. 94p.

What do you get when four mid-level managers from an academic library begin to evaluate what they have learned from being in this important role? Most likely you would get a book much like the one authored by these four managers from the Georgia State University Library. Written to fill a gap in both the literature and available professional development courses on management in academic libraries, this book provides advice to those mid-level managers who may be filling a leadership role for the first time. This includes both leaders of teams as well as departments. The authors draw upon their own experiences, discussions held between them, and the literature they explored in an effort to learn to be a better, more effective manager. The reader of this book should keep in mind that it acts as an introduction to a range of concepts associated with being a manager. It is meant more as a tool for those who may have less experience as well as those who may want to rethink their current practice.
Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Risperidone

After the identification of the influence of serotonergic receptors in ameliorating the negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia, atypical antipsychotics were developed by incorporating dopamine and serotonin antagonism. Risperidone, sold under the trade name Risperdal, was the second atypical antipsychotic developed following clozapine but quickly became a first-line treatment for acute and chronic schizophrenia because of its preferential side effect profile. Despite initial Food and Drug Administration approval 25 years ago, risperidone continues to be a fundamental treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and autism-related irritability. It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines for its balance of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we highlight the history and importance of risperidone as an atypical antipsychotic, in addition to its chemical synthesis, manufacturing, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, stru...
Normal Univariate Techniques

This chapter contains a number of multisample and regression techniques whose distribution theory assumes an underlying normal distribution. It includes, in particular, the fundamental work of Duncan, Seheffe, and Tukey. Those techniques which are peculiar primarily to regression (e.g., prediction and discrimination) are discussed in Chapter 3, even though they are directly related, and in some instances special cases of the methods in this chapter. The nonparametric analogs of the techniques in this chapter are covered in Chapter 4.
Existential psychotherapy with vietnam veteran couples : A twenty-five year report

Existential psychotherapy with Vietnam combat veteran couples should include the treatment elements of holding, telling, mastering, and honoring the combat trauma pain. The authors describe these four treatment elements and provide a descriptive clinical study of this treatment approach with 53 Vietnam veteran couples treated by the first author between 1974 and 1999. All 53 couples made good progress during treatment, as indicated by self-report and two clinical measures of marital adjustment.
Thermophilic glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase

D-Glyceraldehyde-3-P:NAD oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) (E.C. 1.2.1.12) (abbr. GPDH) is a ubiquitous enzyme, found in most living systems, where it functions in the glycolytic pathway. There were several reasons for studying the enzyme in thermophilic bacteria. First, at the time this enzyme was characterized in the obligate thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus (1503), no intracellular enzymes from thermophilic bacteria had been isolated in highly purified form. Second, the enzyme had been well characterized in many other systems, thereby providing a sound basis for comparison with the thermophilic enzyme. Third, GPDH is almost always present within cells at very high concentrations, thereby providing a large quantity of potential material necessary for extensive physicochemical analyses. Finally, was the demonstration by Amelunxen and Lins (1), that the enzyme in crude extracts from B. stearothermophilus was indeed remarkably thermostable, as seen in Table I.
Challenges of de-/pre-colonial ontologies

Upon my first read of ‘Beyond postmodernism: A non-western perspective on identity’ by Jing Yin, I was aware that I was reading something with the potential to be a ‘classic’ article, the sort that...
Flexible VM Provisioning for Time-Sensitive Applications with Multiple Execution Options

Several recent studies have investigated the virtual machine (VM) provisioning problem for requests with time constraints (deadlines) in cloud systems. These studies typically assumed that a request is associated with a single execution time when running on VMs with a given resource demand. In this paper, we consider modern applications that are normally implemented with generic frameworks that allow them to execute with various numbers of threads on VMs with different resource demands. For such applications, it is possible for the users to specify multiple execution options (MEOs) for a request where each execution option is represented by a certain number of VMs with some resources to run the application and its corresponding execution time. We investigate the problem of virtual machine provisioning for such time-sensitive requests with MEOs in resource-constrained clouds. By incorporating the MEOs of requests, we propose several novel and flexible VM provisioning schemes that carefully balance resource usage efficiency, input workloads and request deadlines with the objective of achieving higher resource utilization and system benefits. We evaluated the proposed MEO-aware schemes on various workloads with both benchmark requests and synthetic requests. The results show that our MEO-aware algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art schemes that consider only a single execution option of requests by serving up to 38% more requests and achieving up to 27% more benefits.
Exploring the Social-Architecture Model

Microfoundations proposed for macroeconomics often include strong counterfactual assumptions about the knowledge and foresight of agents and about the pervasiveness of equilibrium exchange. This paper explores and improves the social-architecture model, an agent-based macromodel that discards such assumptions. In this monetary exchange economy, individuals transact at disequilibrium prices in shopping-based goods markets and search-based labor markets. GDP and unemployment distributions are emergent outcomes of the individual-level interactions. These distributions expose some problems in the original model. Modest model amendments largely address these problems. Some apparently central ingredients of the model prove to have little influence on the simulation results.
Using Resident and Faculty Focus Groups to Obtain Stakeholder Input During the ACGME Self-study

Introduction The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education describes steps to guide programs regarding self-study. The process relies heavily on obtaining stakeholder input to validate findings. Focus groups have been noted to provide input and data not elicited using other methods. Our objective was to show the value of focus groups in obtaining a clear picture of stakeholder priorities as they relate to program aims, opportunities, threats, areas for improvement, and sustainability of improvements. Methods We conducted a series of focus groups in 2017-2018 at a pediatric residency program with residents and core faculty members. The first session for each group elicited input regarding program aims, opportunities, and threats. The second session focused on evaluating program progress over the past 10 years and identifying strengths and needed areas for improvement. We documented responses obtained during the focus groups and used inductive content analysis methods to identify major themes. We repeated the focus groups every 6 months. Results We identified 8 program aims and pinpointed opportunities and threats. Areas for improvement were selected and then presented back to the stakeholders who confirmed their appropriateness. Repetition of the focus groups every 6 months facilitated ongoing measurement of progress and promoted the development of multiple plan, do, study, act cycles for areas of improvement. Conclusions Focus groups are an effective way to initiate the self-study process, examine the program aims, opportunities, and threats, and formulate a detailed improvement plan. They are also useful as part of continual evaluation during a dynamic change process.
Accelerating Inflammation Resolution to Counteract Chemical Cutaneous Injury

Abstract Chemical exposure to vesicants such as sulfur mustard (SM), and electrophilic riot control agents such as 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS) tear gas agent, cause strong cutaneous inflammation. Classical anti-inflammatory treatments have focused on interference with target initiation and maintenance of inflammation, with mixed outcomes. Inflammation is broadly classified into three temporal phases, initiation, amplification and maintenance, and resolution. Resolution of inflammation was thought to be a passive process but the recent body of literature shows that resolution is an active process and is mediated by fatty acid-derived mediators (specialized pro-resolving mediators, SPMs). We hypothesized that accelerating resolution phase of inflammation may attenuate the exaggerated inflammatory response following chemical threat exposure, leading to decreased morbidity and improved recovery. In this study, SPMs, such as Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and Resolvin D2 (RvD2), were administered to mice at nanogram doses post-exposure to an SM analog, 2-chloroethyl-ethyl-sulfide (CEES) or CS tear gas agent. SPMs decreased edema (ear thickness and punch biopsy weights), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, CXCL1/KC, MIP2) and protease marker (MMP-9), and vascular leakage (determined by IRDye 800 CW PEG) while improving histopathology in cutaneous chemical injury mouse models. These results support our hypothesis and pave the way for SPMs for further development as potential medical countermeasures for chemical threat agents-induced skin injuries.
Supervision in genetic counselor training in North America: A systematic review.

Genetic counseling has been a profession for over 40 years, and training programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling are required to have students supervised in at least 50 patient-facing cases prior to graduation. However, there is no standardized information or training for supervisors of genetic counseling students. As a first step toward creating formal and standardized supervision training, we undertook a systematic review of the genetic counseling student supervision literature. A formal systematic review was conducted including establishing a research question with inclusion and exclusion criteria, establishing search terms, searching databases, reading/screening abstracts, examining full texts for inclusion, assessing for quality, and finally extracting data with a standardized form to provide the basis of the review. In all, 151 papers were screened, of which 19 and two erratum were found to meet inclusion criteria and pass quality measures. Main themes from these papers were as follows: Training Model, Competencies, Investigation of Techniques, Difficulties in Supervision, and Barriers. In total, 19 papers provided evidence for the way that supervision is currently being performed and suggestions for what needs further investigation to direct supervision training. Recommendations for genetic counseling student supervision include the following: provide a review of training models to supervisors; provide a copy of the supervision competencies to supervisors; use competencies with lowest self-efficacy to inform future supervision trainings; and find ways to support genetic counselors in becoming student supervisors.
Improvement in Overground Walking After Treadmill-Based Gait Training in a Child With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

Background Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare congenital brain defect that produces a wide variety of cognitive and motor impairments. Literature regarding the response of pediatric populations with ACC to physical rehabilitation is scarce. Treadmill-based gait training (TT) has been shown to improve walking ability in some pediatric populations but has not been investigated in children with ACC. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a novel treadmill intervention paradigm on the gait parameters of a child with ACC. Design A single-participant design with 2 phases was used. Methods The settings were the participant's home and the laboratory. The participant was a 13-year-old girl who had ACC and cortical visual impairment and who ambulated independently using a reverse walker for household and short community distances. A home-based TT intervention (2 phases of 3 months of training over 6 months) was implemented, and a laboratory-based gait analysis was conducted at 4 time points: baseline, after each of the 2 training phases, and 3 months after the cessation of training. The intervention consisted of weekly bouts of TT. Phase I incorporated forward, backward, and incline walking for 15 minutes each; in phase II, this protocol was continued, but short-burst interval training for 10 minutes was added. Data collected at each laboratory visit included spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics (joint angles) during overground and treadmill walking. Results After both phases of training, increased step length, decreased step width, and foot progression angle and decreased variability of most spatiotemporal parameters were observed for the participant. Further, after phase II, increased peak extension at the hip, knee, and ankle, decreased crouched gait, and improved minimum foot clearance during overground walking were observed. Most gait improvements were retained for 3 months after the cessation of the intervention. Limitations The small sample size of this study and wide variety of presentations within individuals with ACC limit the generalizability of our findings. Conclusions TT may be a safe and effective treatment paradigm for children with ACC. Future research should investigate the effect of intervention dosage on gait improvements and generalization in individuals with ACC.
The place for prophylactic cerclage in the infertile patient with established cervical incompetence who conceived twins after septum reduction.

Introduction It is well known that cervical incompetence and associated preterm birth confers greater morbidity and mortality on birth outcomes, with an additional increased risk of cervical incompetence in higher order gestations. While the pathophysiology of cervical incompetence has yet to be elucidated, research has identified risk factors and assessed outcomes of numerous interventions. Cervical cerclage has been shown, in certain situations involving singleton pregnancies, to improve outcomes. Conversely, rescue cerclage increases the risk of preterm birth in twin gestations. However, these studies did not consider the unique situation of infertile patients, with known cervical incompetence, who have utilized assisted reproductive technologies to attain pregnancy. This study aims to describe the outcomes of infertile patients with known cervical incompetence, carrying twin gestation, who have undergone cervical cerclage. Methods This case series includes eight infertile patients who have cervical incompetence resulting in fetal loss between 20-24 weeks after in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET). These patients continued with IVF treatments and subsequently conceived twins. All patients underwent prophylactic cervical cerclage placement before 12 weeks. The outcomes of these pregnancies are reviewed. Results All pregnancies resulted in the delivery of viable twins. Six of the eight pregnancies (75%) were carried beyond 34 weeks. One pregnancy delivered at 31 weeks and one pregnancy delivered at 25 weeks after placental abruption. Conclusions This data suggest that the use of prophylactic cervical cerclage may be beneficial in improving reproductive outcomes in infertile patients with known cervical incompetence that subsequently conceived twin gestations via IVF-ET treatment.
A Mm-Wave Wideband MIMO RX With Instinctual Array-Based Blocker/Signal Management for Ultralow-Latency Communication

This article demonstrates a wideband mm-Wave multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) receiver (RX) system with cascadable array-based high-order autonomous spatial filters (ASFs) for closed-loop frontend beamforming, achieving “instinctual” (“Instinctual” is defined as an autonomous operation for sensing, controlling, processing signals with ultralow-latency and no backend digital signal processing assist.) management of multiblockers/signals with ultrafast response time. Over a full field-of-view (FoV), the ASFs achieve automatic blocker suppression and desired signal beamforming without prior knowledge on the angle-of-arrival/frequency/modulation and without beam-searching using backend computations. In particular, the ASFs realize frontend blocker suppression and substantially relax the dynamic range requirement of down-stream analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in digital arrays. Moreover, cascading multiple ASFs can sequentially suppress multiple blockers, essentially achieving the “iterative source localization” DSP algorithm by the frontend hardware. A proof-of-concept 27–41-GHz four-element MIMO RX array is implemented in a 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process to support multistandard 5G links in the future congested/contested electromagnetic (EM) environments. With autonomous cancellation of multiple co-channel wideband blockers, a wideband desired signal can be received with high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), achieving −28.64-dB error vector magnitude (EVM) for 3-Gb/s 64QAM and −32.73-dB EVM for 0.8-Gb/s 256QAM. The measured MIMO beamforming response time for beam scanning, localization, and computation is $\mu \text{s}$ /stage, enabling 5G and beyond-5G ultralow-latency mm-Wave links.
Novel Role for EKLF in Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Differential Lineage Commitment.

Abstract Megakaryocytes and erythroid cells are thought to derive from a common progenitor. Although a number of transcriptional regulators are important for this process, they do not explain the bipotential result. We have used gain- and loss-of-function studies, expression profiling, and molecular analyses to show that EKLF, a transcription factor whose crucial role in erythroid gene regulation is well established, plays an unexpected function in the lineage decision between megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis. It achieves this by inhibiting the formation of megakaryocytes derived from the common megakaryocyte-erythroid precursor (MEP) cell, while at the same time stimulating erythroid differentiation. Quantitative examination of EKLF expression during hematopoiesis reveals that, unlike genes whose presence is required for establishment of both lineages, EKLF expression is uniquely down-regulated in megakaryocytes after formation of the MEP. Microarray and molecular analyses support these observations and suggest that megakaryocytic inhibition is achieved, at least in part, by EKLF repression of Fli-1 message levels. These results reveal for the first time that EKLF plays a directive role in erythroid and megakaryocyte lineage decisions prior to establishment of the red cell compartment and suggest a model for transcription factor antagonism in MEP differential lineage commitment. Tests as predicted by this model will be discussed.
Planning the type II coronary primary prevention trial of the lipid research clinics (U. S. A.).

One of the important potential functions for an organized system of cooperating lipid research clinics is to serve as a framework for large-scale intervention studies, studies beyond the scope of any individual clinic. The Lipid Research Clinics in the United States, sponsored by the National Heart and Lung Institute, are already embarked on such a large-scale study and the experience gained in the planning stages may be helpful to other groups contemplating related studies. My purpose today is to share with you some examples of the problems that were encountered rather than attempt a complete review of that study. This is the report not of an epidemiologist but a physician and it will be more anecdotal than analytical.
$$\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}$$ Production in $$\mathrm {pp} $$ and $$\mathrm {PbPb} $$ Collisions at 5.02$$\,\text {TeV} $$ with the CMS Detector

Due to the large masses of heavy quarks, their interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) may be different from those of light quarks. The lightest charm baryon is \(\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}\) , composed of a charm quark and two light quarks. Measurements of \(\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}\) production in both \(\mathrm {pp} \) and \(\mathrm {PbPb} \) collisions can provide important inputs to the understanding of heavy quark transport in the QGP and the creation of heavy quark mesons and baryons via coalescence. Models involving quark coalescence predict a large enhancement of \(\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}\) production in \(\mathrm {PbPb} \) collisions compared to \(\mathrm {pp} \) collisions. The high luminosity datasets collected at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02\(\,\text {TeV} \) using the CMS detector have been used to measure \(\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}\) production in both \(\mathrm {pp} \) and \(\mathrm {PbPb} \) collisions via the \(\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}\rightarrow \mathrm {p}\mathrm {K^-}\mathrm {\pi ^+} \) decay channel. Results for differential cross sections for \(\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}\) and ratios of \(\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}\) over \(\mathrm {D^0}\) yields in \(\mathrm {pp} \) and \(\mathrm {PbPb} \) collisions, as well as the nuclear modification factor for \(\mathrm {\Lambda _c^+}\) , are presented.
Detecting Climate Signals Using Explainable AI With Single-Forcing Large Ensembles

It remains difficult to disentangle the relative influences of aerosols and greenhouse gases on regional surface temperature trends in the context of global climate change. To address this issue, w...