cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Incidence of Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus, a Whitefly-transmitted Virus of Zucchini Squash New to Florida, with Mulches and Imidacloprid

Abstract The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci B biotype (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) also known as Bemisia argentifolii (Bellows and Perring) is a key pest in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) causing both direct and indirect damage. A field experiment was conducted in the fall of 2005 and repeated in the fall of 2006 to investigate the effect of mulches alone or in combination with a reduced-risk insecticide, imidacloprid (Admire® 2F) on whiteflies and related problems in zucchini squash. UV-reflective mulch and the living mulch, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), with and without imidacloprid, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. White mulch (standard) was included as a control in the experiment. Mulches in combination with imidacloprid resulted in fewer whiteflies per leaf than those without imidacloprid in 2005 and 2006. More whiteflies were recorded on zucchini plants growing on white synthetic mulch than all other treatments in both years. In ...
The Soul of the Entrepreneur: A Christian Anthropology of Creativity, Innovation, and Liberty

Although often acknowledged as critically important, the role of the entrepreneur in the modern economy is often underdeveloped or inadequately understood. The reason for this is in large part due to the complex anthropological mysteries that lie at the heart of entrepreneurship. The Christian moral tradition provides important insights into the nature of the human person, particularly with respect to entrepreneurial activity, that provide a more comprehensive understanding of human action. Christian teachings regarding the creation of the cosmos, the human person as created in the image of God (imago Dei), and human beings as free moral agents combine to present an account of entrepreneurship in terms of spiritual as well as material realities. From the Christian perspective, the soul of the entrepreneur is determinative for his or her role in promoting human flourishing.
RGBCC: A New Congestion Control Mechanism for InfiniBand

The InfiniBand Congestion Control (IB CC) mechanism is able to reduce the negative congestion consequences in many situations. However, its effectiveness depends on a set of configurable parameters that must be adjusted by users to tackle congestion. If the parameters are not appropriately configured, IB CC could negatively impact the network performance and production jobs. Additionally, the IB CC mechanism is very sensitive to slight changes in its parameter settings and in traffic patterns. These difficulties in adjusting parameters prevent IB CC from being widely used today. In this paper we propose a new congestion control mechanism called Red and Green lights-Based Congestion Control (RGBCC). Simulation results have demonstrated that RGBCC is able to reduce the congestion consequences and can be dynamically adapted to various network topologies and traffic patterns without user intervention or parameter re-configuration. Furthermore, because RGBCC follows mostly the logic of the current IB CC mechanism, only minimal changes would be needed to the existing hardware/firmware.
Hemoglobinopathies Detected by CBC Analysis and HPLC Hemoglobin A1C Analysis

We report a series of 13 patients with unlysed red blood cells (“RBC clouds”) on white blood cell scattergrams produced by the Sysmex NE8000 and 29 patients with abnormal hemoglobin peaks on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Of the 13 patients noted to have RBC clouds, 5 were previously undiagnosed, 4 were diagnosed, 1 was suspected of having a hemoglobinopathy, and 3 had liver disease with no hemoglobinopathy detected. Abnormal hemoglobin peaks were detected in 26 patients with previously undiagnosed abnormal hemoglobins by HPLC HbA1c analysis. Thus, careful analysis of commonly ordered screening and monitoring tests such as complete blood count and HbAlc measurements in diabetic patients can reveal other abnormalities, primarily the detection of hemoglobinopathies.
Identification,Cloning,and Potential Application of Genes Related to Somatic Embryogenesis in Plant Tissue Culture

Plant embryogenesis or organogenesis in vitro is a complicated asexual reproductive process consisting of many aspects such as phytohormone perception,dedifferentiation of differentiated cells to acquire organogenic competence,re-entry of quies-cent cells into cell cycle,and organization of cell division to form specific organ primordia and meristems.In fact,plant regenera-tion is the result of multigenic interactions and regulatory controls,which are not only affected by plant hormones and other nu-trients in the medium,but also showed a close relationship with the physiological state of explants.The effects of exogenous and endogenous hormones on plant regeneration and the regulation of exogenous hormones on endogenous hormones were reviewed in this paper.Research progresses on five classes of genes related to somatic embryogenesis were collectively described.They are somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase,arabinogalactan-proteins,nitrite reductase,auxin binding protein,and antioxidant enzyme.Regeneration associated genes are prospected to be potentially used in plant genetic breeding,whose applications will be involved in the improvement of plant regeneration efficiency and transformation efficiency,also in obtaining transgenic plants with bio-safety.However,main candidate genes related to regeneration might vary in different plants or tissues,or function through different pathways.Therefore,cloning and characterization of some important genes related to somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis should be strengthened in future.
Human fetal compensatory renal growth

The occurrence of prenatal compensatory renal growth has remained in question, despite the general acceptance of this phenomenon postnatally. We measured by ultrasound imaging the renal length of 22 human fetuses with a solitary kidney or contralateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, and compared it to measurements in 40 normal control fetuses. Renal length was normalized to fetal biparietal diameter. Analysis of covariance showed that the solitary kidneys were significantly larger than normal controls (p < 0.0001), although the rate of growth was not significantly increased above normal. These data document the presence of compensatory renal growth in human fetuses with solitary or functionally solitary kidneys.
Change in Diaphragmatic Thickness During the Respiratory Cycle Predicts Extubation Success at Various Levels of Pressure Support Ventilation

Ultrasonographic assessment of diaphragm function with patients on low levels of pressure support (PS) predicts extubation outcomes, but similar information regarding extubation success under other conditions is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ultrasound (US) measurements of the diaphragm made on various levels of PS can predict time until successful extubation. Fifty-six intubated patients underwent ultrasound of the right hemidiaphragm during a PS wean at varying levels of pressure support (PS 5/5 cm of H2O, 10/5 cm of H2O, and 15/5 cm of H2O). The diaphragm was visualized using a 7.5–10 mHz transducer in the zone of apposition of the diaphragm to the lower rib cage. The percent change in diaphragm thickness between end-expiration and end-inspiration (∆tdi%) was calculated at each level of PS. ∆tdi% >20 is a robust predictor of extubation success within 48 h of US at PS 5/5 cm of H2O and 10/5 cm of H2O (sensitivity 84.6 and 88.9 % and specificity 79.0 and 75.0 %, respectively). At PS greater than 10/5 cm of H2O, its predictive power was greatly diminished. Of nine patients who were extubated with ∆tdi% below the cutoff, 66.6 % required emergent reintubation in the next two days. Diaphragm US is a valid predictor of extubation success at some but not all PS settings. Using a ∆tdi% of 20 % on PS levels up to 10/5 cm of H2O may reduce both unnecessarily prolonged intubations and prevent emergent reintubations.
Flash Reduction of Magnetite and Hematite Concentrates with Hydrogen in a Lab-Scale Reactor for a Novel Ironmaking Process

As part of the development of a novel flash ironmaking process at the University of Utah, a labscale flash reactor was used to produce iron directly from iron oxide concentrate. This work tested the feasibility of the novel flash ironmaking process using the partial combustion of hydrogen as fuel and reductant. In this flash reactor, the energy required to reduce concentrate particles was obtained from the internal combustion of hydrogen and oxygen with complementary energy from electrical resistance heating to compensate for the heat loss. After the reaction shaft was electrically pre-heated, hydrogen and oxygen streams produced a non-premixed flame inside the reaction shaft. Various conditions such as flame configuration, flame power, positions of concentrate feeding ports, excess hydrogen amount and residence time were tested. More than 90% reduction of magnetite or hematite was achieved at temperatures as low as 1175 °C with < 100% excess hydrogen in <10 s of residence time.
Transport – A Non-equilibrium Process

So far, the focus of this book has been on systems at equilibrium. At equilibrium, systems experience no net flux of heat, work, or matter. Classical thermodynamics treats these systems easily. As pointed out earlier, the greatest value of thermodynamics is that the behavior of a system can be predicted, even when the mechanistic details are not known. Homogeneous systems, at constant temperature and pressure, such as the solutions of electrolytes and macromolecules described so far, are comprised of molecules that individually experience a variety of forces, both orienting and randomizing. On an instantaneous timescale, this might lead to net movements of mass or energy; however, the time average of the forces leads to the steady-state condition of equilibrium. The activity of a component is the reflection of the time-average molecular forces acting in a system at equilibrium. There are cases in which the time average of a force or forces acting on a system results in the flow of material. When these events occur, transport phenomena results. Transport phenomena and the principles associated with non-equilibrium behavior are extremely important in biological systems because, as has already been suggested, true equilibrium states are achieved only in death. Steady-state systems, which have constant fluxes, are common. These systems are treated by non-equilibrium methods.
Defining the spectrum and "overlap" of HER2 aberrations in lung cancers: Associations of HER2 protein overexpression, HER2 amplification, and HER2 mutation.

8067 Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2) aberrations have been identified as oncogenic drivers and potential therapeutic targets in lung cancers. The molecular associ...
Contemporary Issues in Lung Transplant Allocation Practices.

The purpose of this review is to discuss the current state of donor lung allocation in the United States and future opportunities to increase the efficiency of donor lung allocation. The current donor lung allocation system prioritizes clinical acuity by the use of the lung allocation score (LAS) which has reduced waitlist mortality since its implementation in 2005. Access to donor lungs can be further improved through policy changes using broader geographic sharing and developing new technology such as ex vivo lung perfusion to recover marginal donor lungs. The number of lung transplants in the US continues to increase annually. However, the demand for donor lungs continues to be outpaced by an ever-growing waitlist. Efficient allocation can be achieved through improved allocation policies and new technology.
Concluding Remarks and Implications

This concluding chapter provides insights into some possible forces and mechanisms that are likely to influence the trajectory of the future cybercrime landscape. It also discusses possible measures that can be taken at various levels to combat this new form of criminality. Implications for businesses, consumers, and policy makers are discussed and directions for future research are pointed out. Integrative approaches that combine policy and technological measures at various levels are likely to make the cyberworld more secure.
Improvements of compact resonator fiber optic gyroscopes

This paper reports recent progress beyond our initial report [1] in resonator fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) development towards realization of a next generation compact device for commercial navigation applications by incorporation of silicon optical bench technology to miniaturize resonator and input optics. The resonator fiber optic gyro is being pursued because of its theoretical potential to meet navigation grade performance in a smaller size and lower cost than ring laser gyros (RLGs) and interferometric fiber optic gyros (IFOGs) [2]. This is due to the fact that the RFOG combines sensitivity-increasing signal to noise attributes of recirculating the light like an RLG, in addition to the ability to wind longer path length multi-turn coils like an IFOG, using optical fiber. New architectures realized with relatively small fiber-optic resonators and optics on a silicon optical bench (SIOB) are presented, along with initial bias stability test data. The laser architecture (Figure 1), which uses two phase-locked lasers to probe clockwise and counterclockwise resonances of a ring resonator, has been presented [3,4] at the OFS-24 in 2015 and at the 2016 SPIE 40th Anniversary of Fiber Optic Gyros Conference using all-fiber resonators and components. The all-fiber implementation, however, is less likely to meet the small-size and low-cost demands of the navigation market. The incorporation of the SIOB technology represents an important step forward in the miniaturization of the RFOG technology. In addition, the SIOB technology promises to be compatible with high volume, low-cost manufacturing techniques used for silicon processing, and automated assembly techniques. The operation of the RFOG is presented in this paper, which discusses the implementation with an SIOB. The SIOB plays a critical role in closing the resonator loop by connecting two ends of the coil, as well as providing an input light path into the resonator, and out of the resonator. By laying fibers in opposite ends of a v-groove with ball lenses in between, light is aligned and focused from one end of the loop fiber to the other. In the region between the ball lenses, light is collimated and polarized so that tiny beam-splitters can couple the light into and out of the resonator. The input paths also incorporate circulators on the chip to attenuate feedback to the lasers. Recent results show bias stability <0.02 deg/hr. These very encouraging early results are amongst the best reported for RFOGs, even though they are the first report of introducing an SIOB into the loop. In addition, we addressed the unknown question of temperature stability of the SIOB in this paper by testing an SIOB over a non-condensing temperature range of 20 degree C to 85 degree C (the unit was not packaged or sealed). As depicted in Figure 7, its finesse demonstrates remarkable stability showing negligible change over temperature. This work demonstrates a further step in the development of a compact RFOG along with improved ARW and Bias Stability.
A Fundamentalist Church as an Autonomous Community and Its Relationship to the Larger Community

A small fundamentalist church was hypothesized to be definable as an autonomous community meeting many of its own needs. A questionnaire was used to study intra-community relationships, goals, and ...
Melanophores Tune Out the Noise to Make Stripes.

Migratory cells derived from the neural crest encounter both local cues and more distant signals as they effect specific morphogenetic outcomes. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Zhang et al. (2018) reveal how zebrafish melanophores use the sheddase Bace2 to "tune out" insulin signaling, thereby allowing stripes to form.
Precision measurement of the 1S Lamb shift in atomic hydrogen

Of all the atomic transitions that can be studied with laser spectroscopy the 1S—2S transition in atomic hydrogen is one of the most fundamental. Its extremely narrow natural linewidth of 1.3 Hz promises an ultimate resolution of 5 parts in 1016. Since one can perform highly accurate calculations of hydrogen energy levels, measurement of the 1S—2S transition frequency allows for stringent tests of quantum electrodynamics and promises accurate new values of fundamental constants.
Can Statistical Methods Help Solve Problems in Software Measurement

The study of software metrics involves the creation and analysis of quantitative indices of merit which can be assigned to software, either existing or proposed. These measurements of software provide informational aids to be used in making software lifecycle decisions.
Still More NP-Complete Problems

In this lecture we use the basic NP-complete problems given in previous lectures, which may have appeared contrived, to show that several very natural and important decision problems are NP-complete.
Gas Separation and Storage by Activated Carbons

Separation and purification of gas mixtures by selective adsorption of one or more components of the mixture on a micro- and meso-porous adsorbent is a major unit of operation in the chemical, petrochemical, environmental, and pharmaceutical industries. The phenomenal growth in the development of this technology during the last 20 years is demonstrated by Fig. 22.1. It shows the number of the US Patents issued every year between 1980 and 2000 on ℬgas separation by adsorptionℭ and ℬadsorption for air pollution controlℭ. More than 4000 patents were granted in these two areas and the patent estate continues to grow rapidly [1] . The main reasons for this are as follows: · Commercial availability of a spectrum of adsorbents like activated carbons, zeolites, aluminas, silica gels, and polymeric materials having a variety of pore structures and surface properties and exhibiting a variety of core adsorptive properties like equilibria, kinetics, and heats for the gas separation or purification application .
Environmental Predictors of Municipal Police Agency Goals

Applications of organizational theory to police organizations frequently employ the framework of structural contingency or institutional theories. The current study seeks to evaluate the impact of ...
Metal-free photocatalytic thiol-ene/thiol-yne reactions.

The organic photocatalyst (9-mesityl-10-methylacridinum tetrafluoroborate) in the presence of visible light is used to initiate thiol–ene and thiol–yne reactions. Thiyl radicals are generated upon quenching the photoexcited catalyst with a range of thiols. The highlighted mild nature of the reaction conditions allows a broad substrate scope of the reactants. Relying on this efficient metal-free condition, both thiol–ene and thiol–yne reactions between carbohydrates and peptides could be realized in excellent yields.
Absence status induced by lacosamide adjunctive therapy

Since lacosamide was approved as an adjuvant agent for the treatment of medically refractory focal epilepsy over ten years ago, it is becoming more widely used for the treatment of idiopathic (genetic) generalized epilepsies. Several studies have demonstrated efficacy in reducing primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), but efficacy is less well-characterized for myoclonic and absence seizures. A 29-year-old man with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and medically refractory GTCS on a combination of levetiracetam and topiramate was started on lacosamide adjunctive therapy with the plan to replace topiramate. While his GTCS became controlled, he was witnessed to have confusional episodes, with waxing and waning responsiveness, lasting a few days, several times a month. After eight months of adjunctive lacosamide therapy, he was admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit, where paroxysms of generalized spike-and-wave complexes, lasting for 30-90 minutes, were recorded, interrupted only by sleep. During these periods, he demonstrated psychomotor slowing and disorientation on examination. The absence status was successfully broken by lorazepam, and lacosamide was discontinued. The patient had no further confusional episodes at the most recent follow-up visit, four months after discharge.
Spectra of eigenstates in fermionic tensor quantum mechanics

We study the $O({N}_{1})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}O({N}_{2})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}O({N}_{3})$ symmetric quantum mechanics of 3-index Majorana fermions. When the ranks ${N}_{i}$ are all equal, this model has a large $N$ limit which is dominated by the melonic Feynman diagrams. We derive an integral formula which computes the number of group invariant states for any set of ${N}_{i}$. It is non-vanishing only when each ${N}_{i}$ is even. For equal ranks the number of singlets exhibits rapid growth with $N$: it jumps from 36 in the $O(4{)}^{3}$ model to 595 354 780 in the $O(6{)}^{3}$ model. We derive bounds on the values of energy, which show that they scale at most as ${N}^{3}$ in the large $N$ limit, in agreement with expectations. We also show that the splitting between the lowest singlet and non-singlet states is of order $1/N$. For ${N}_{3}=1$ the tensor model reduces to $O({N}_{1})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}O({N}_{2})$ fermionic matrix quantum mechanics, and we find a simple expression for the Hamiltonian in terms of the quadratic Casimir operators of the symmetry group. A similar expression is derived for the complex matrix model with $SU({N}_{1})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU({N}_{2})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1)$ symmetry. Finally, we study the ${N}_{3}=2$ case of the tensor model, which gives a more intricate complex matrix model whose symmetry is only $O({N}_{1})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}O({N}_{2})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1)$. All energies are again integers in appropriate units, and we derive a concise formula for the spectrum. The fermionic matrix models we studied possess standard 't Hooft large $N$ limits where the ground state energies are of order ${N}^{2}$, while the energy gaps are of order 1.
Annotated Genome Sequence of Aspergillus tanneri NIH1004.

ABSTRACT The annotated genome of Aspergillus tanneri, a recently discovered drug-resistant pathogen, was determined by employing the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform and the Funannotate pipeline. The genome size and the number of protein-coding genes are notably larger than those of the most common etiological agent of aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus.
Dissipative Soliton Fiber Lasers

Short-pulse fiber lasers based on dissipative-soliton formation offer major performance and practical advantages over prior fiber lasers. Recent developments will be reviewed.
E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) characterized by pulmonary ultrasound

Pulmonary ultrasound is a useful tool in the diagnosis and resuscitation of emergency department (ED) patients with dyspnea. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) using pulmonary ultrasound. Many of these cases are diagnosed using x-ray, computerized tomography, or bronchoscopy and to our knowledge this is the first published case that demonstrates utility of ultrasound in diagnosing EVALI. While more investigation is needed on the use of this technique, the patient in this case was diagnosed with EVALI based on positive history, presence of normal cardiac function, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema on ultrasound, and absence of pulmonary infection.
Central but not peripheral oxytocin administration reduces risk-based decision-making in male rats

The hormone oxytocin has long been associated with social behaviors, but recent evidence suggests that it may also affect reward processing in non-social contexts. Decisions are an integral component of many social and reward-based behavioral paradigms. Thus, a broad role for oxytocin in decision-making may explain the wide variety of effects that have been previously observed and resolve controversies in the literature about its role. To determine if oxytocin can selectively modulate decision-making in male rats, we assessed the dose-dependent effects of central (intracerebroventricular) or peripheral (intraperitoneal) administration of oxytocin on probability and delay discounting, two commonly used decision-making tasks that are free of social contexts. Our results showed that central administration of oxytocin dose-dependently reduced preference for risky outcomes in the probability discounting task, but had no impact on delay discounting or reward sensitivity. This effect was blocked by the co-administration of an oxytocin antagonist. Additionally, we found no effect of peripheral oxytocin administration on any task. To identify potential cognitive mechanisms of central oxytocin's effect on decision-making, we determined if central or peripheral oxytocin affects reward sensitivity using an intracranial self-stimulation task, and motivation using a progressive ratio task. These results showed that at the dosage that affects decision-making, central oxytocin had a mild and short-lasting effect on motivation, but no observable effect on reward sensitivity. This pattern of results suggests that oxytocin may selectively reduce risky decisions in male rats, even at dosages that have no major effects on reward processing and motivation. These findings highlight a potentially novel role for oxytocin in non-social cognitive processes and expand our understanding of the mechanism by which oxytocin may regulate social behavior.
Prenatal and Postpartum Experience, Knowledge and Engagement with Kegels: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multisite Study.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) increases during pregnancy and continues into the postpartum period. Continued UI impacts women's comfort and affects aspects of their everyday lives. Kegel exercises have been found to decrease the incidence and severity of UI. The purpose of this study was to describe severity of UI, how women gained knowledge about Kegels, influences impacting Kegel exercises during pregnancy and postpartum, and characterize women's performance of Kegels. Methods: A longitudinal, prospective, multistate study was undertaken at four sites across the United States. Postpartum women completed the Pelvic Floor Control Questionnaire that incorporated the Sandvik Severity Index. At 3 and 6 months postpartum the women's UI, performance of Kegels, and affect on life was reviewed through seven questions. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained. Results: Participants were 368 predominately multiparous, white women. Approximately 20% of women reported prepregnancy UI. Multiparous women reported similar incidence rate of UI regardless of birth history. Among one-fifth of the participants, persistent UI was reported as 45.2% at 3 months and 44.1% at 6 months postpartum. Only 25% of these women sought care. Women learned about Kegel exercises from written information or their provider. Women performed an average 16 Kegels twice daily. Kegel performance increased at 3 months postbirth but dropped by 6 months. UI was associated with age >35 and parity. Discussion: Prevalence of UI before and during pregnancy and postpartum is high, yet consistent Kegel performance postpartum is low. Screening for UI is necessary and high-quality referrals for treatment are needed. Consistent education is needed for all women. Education and support should be individualized. Future research is needed to identify techniques that motivate women to routinely perform Kegel exercises.
Design, Fabrication, and Analysis of a Capillary Diode for Potential Application in Water-Oil Separation.

A capillary device is designed and fabricated in glass to work as a fluidic diode with vanishingly small hydrodynamic conductance for imbibition of water within a finite range of immersion depths. ...
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Versus Elective Node Dissection in Stage cT1-2N0 Oral Cavity Cancer.

Objective To compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) and elective neck dissection (END) in the surgical management of cT1-2N0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Methods English full-text articles were searched in PubMed and Embase on May 9, 2021. Articles had to compare SNB with END in cT1-T2N0 OCSCC patients; report hazard ratios (HRs), Kaplan-Meier curves, or P-values with total number of events for survival outcomes; be from a clinical trial, cohort, or case-control study. Two reviewers reviewed articles and a third settled disagreements. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool and revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials were used. The generic inverse variance method with a random-effect model was used for meta-analysis. Results Ten studies, five retrospective, three prospective, and two randomized controlled trials, were included (total number of patients [n] = 10,498, END n = 9102, SNB n = 1396). No significant differences were found in OS (HR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-1.31) or DFS (HR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.41-1.20). Heterogeneity was not detected in pooled OS analysis (P = .18; I2 = 30%), but was in pooled DFS analysis (P = .003; I2 = 66%). Conclusions No statistically significant differences in OS or DFS were observed between SNB and END in cT1-2N0 OCSCC, suggesting that SNB might be an alternative to END in the management of early-stage, clinically node-negative OCSCC. Laryngoscope, 2021.
A nonlinear macromodel for CMOS OTAs

A nonlinear parameterizable macromodel for CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs) is presented. The macromodel captures the DC, AC and large signal features of the transistor level original circuit, thus modeling accurately its time domain and nonlinear performance. The main contribution of this work is to account for the bias-dependent transconductance nonlinearities in the circuit, by curve-fitting the desired output characteristics with n-dimensional polynomials. The model can also account for the nonlinear dependence of the circuit's characteristics on several design parameters. The applicability of the model is demonstrated by modeling the response of an OTA-C filter.
Conflict resolution automation and pilot situation awareness

This study compared pilot situation awareness across three traffic management concepts that varied traffic separation responsibility between the pilots, air-traffic controllers, and an automation system. In Concept 1, the flight deck was equipped with conflict resolution tools that enable them to perform the tasks of weather avoidance and self-separation from surrounding traffic. In Concept 2, air-traffic controllers were responsible for traffic separation, but pilots were provided tools for weather and traffic avoidance. In Concept 3, a ground based automation was used for conflict detection and resolution, and the flight deck tools allowed pilots to deviate for weather, but not detect conflicts. Results showed that pilot situation awareness was highest in Concept 1, where the pilots were most engaged, and lowest in Concept 3, where automation was heavily used. These findings suggest that pilot situation awareness on conflict resolution tasks can be improved by keeping them in the decision-making loop.
Mutant strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with increased symbiotic N2 fixation rates and altered Mo metabolism properties.

Abstract Mutant strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that required higher levels of molybdate than the wild-type strain for growth on NO3-containing medium were obtained after transposon Tn5 mutagenesis of the wild-type strain. The mutant strains expressed more than fivefold-greater nitrate reductase activities in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mM added molybdate compared with activities expressed upon incubation in non-Mo-supplemented medium, whereas the nitrate reductase activity of the wild-type strain (JH) was not markedly influenced by Mo supplementation. In free-living culture, mutant strains JH310 and JH359 expressed substantial nitrogenase activity, even in medium treated to remove molybdate, and nitrogenase activity was influenced little by Mo supplementation, whereas the wild-type strain required 100 nM added Mo for highest nitrogenase activity. Double-reciprocal plots of Mo uptake rates versus Mo concentration showed that both bacteroids and free-living cells of mutant strain JH359 had about the same affinity for Mo as did the parent strain. Bacteroids of both the mutants and the wild type also exhibited similar Mo accumulation rates over a 9-min period under very-low-Mo (4 nM) conditions. Nitrogenase activities for strain JH359 and for the wild-type strain in free-living culture were both strongly inhibited by tungsten; thus, the nitrogenase activities of both strains are probably the result of a “conventional” Mo-containing nitrogenase. Soybeans inoculated with strain JH359 and grown under either Mo-supplemented or Mo-deficient conditions had greater specific acetylene reduction rates and significantly greater plant fresh weight than those inoculated with the wild-type strain. Under Mo-deficient conditions, the acetylene reduction rates and plant fresh weights were up to 35 and 58% greater, respectively, for mutant-nodulated plants compared with wild-type-strain-nodulated plants.
Dynamic stability of a rider-bicycle system: Analysis and experiments

Understanding how human balance and control bicycles is helpful for not only designing bicycle-based rehabilitation devices but also studying physical human-machine interactions. We present stability analysis of a rider-bicycle system under the rider's steering and upper-body movement balancing controls. The dynamic model of rider-bicycle system is first constructed to integrate the rider's upper-body movement with the moving platform. We then present a human balance control strategy based on the human riding experiments. The closed-loop system stability is analyzed and discussed. Quantitative influences of the bicycle physical parameters, human control gains and human control time delays are also demonstrated and discussed.
Induction, Domains, Calculi: Strachey's Contributions to Programming-Language Engineering

In collaboration with his colleagues at Oxford, Christopher Strachey pioneered the analysis of programming languages in terms of semantic features. Three of Strachey's contributions—inductive definition of semantics, semantic-domain definitions, and calculi for semantic description—are presented, and their consequences on languages research are described. Strachey's impact, present and future, on the computer programming “mainstream” is also outlined.
Partitioning of Massive/Real-Time Programs for Parallel Processing

Publisher Summary Partitioning of a computation is the key to software development for parallel processing. This chapter focuses on parallel software development methodology and associated automatic systems that facilitate the progressive improvement of parallel performance through repeatedly perturbing the parallelism partitioning and analyzing the resulting performance, and summarizes several points that are related to programming languages, timing analysis, and optimization techniques for partitioning of parallel processing. Parallel programming in the past has been motivated by the desire to reduce extremely long computation times. The emphasis here is on problems which involve both massive computations and real-time requirements, as this combination is considered to be the prime future area for use of parallel processing. A progressive change from the logical partitioning to the efficient partitioning is presented. The traditional approach of dividing the software development into distinct phases for determining requirements, program design, coding, and debugging should be abandoned. Many design issues that have to be addressed for the development of a configurator are discussed. The most important aspects of configurators are to facilitate the construction of a massive parallel program from a set of component granules and to allow the granules to be merged or split without affecting other granules. The importance of pipelining in optimizing parallel processing is focused.
International business negotiation: automobiles and ships: CASE STUDY

Purpose – The purpose of this case study is to provide an opportunity for students to conduct realistic business analysis applying subject material related to cross‐cultural issues presented in the international business and international management courses.Design/methodology/approach – The hypothetical case study requires students to participate in a complex international business negotiation while treating cross‐cultural issues. Two profiled hypothetical companies are negotiating to transport product from Japan to the USA. Negotiation issues are identified and national cultural considerations are emphasized.Findings – The case reflects refinements based upon its use during the past few years. Students are provided a realistic experiential exercise. Student feedback indicates a heightened sensitivity to cross‐cultural considerations and business negotiation skills that transcends their assigned textbook readings and traditional testing.Research limitations/implications – As with any classroom exercise, d...
Phase aberration correction for ultrasound imaging in temporal-spatial frequency domain

Phase aberration due to tissues with inhomogeneous acoustic speeds is a major source for image degradation in medical ultrasound. In most phased array pulse-echo ultrasound systems, the delay used to steer and focus the beams are calculated assuming constant speed. In practice, however, the acoustic speed varies for different types of tissue. We present a method of estimating the phase errors between the elements of a linear array, based on signal representation in the spatial-temporal Fourier domain. Compared to the standard cross-correlation methods used for time delay estimation, the proposed technique shows better performance.
Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum: minimum 1-year follow-up after arthroscopic debridement.

Purpose The purpose of our study is to show that arthroscopic debridement is an appropriate intervention for midterm to long-term subjective symptom relief of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the elbow. Methods A retrospective case series of 13 patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment of OCD of the elbow over a 10-year period was studied. Patients were assessed with a mean follow-up of 3.6 years (range, 12 months to 8 years). The disability/symptom section of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) was used to measure patient-reported outcome. Additional questions were used to assess other injuries to the elbow and return to sports activities. Results Of 13 patients, 8 reported participating in repetitive valgus stress sports associated with overhead throwing. Two participated in gymnastics. Ten patients provided follow-up data greater than 1 year after surgical intervention. The mean follow-up DASH score for surgically treated patients was 8.6 (range, 0.0 to 22.41). Four patients reported a complete return to their sports activities, and six reported complete cessation of at least 1 sport. By use of intraoperative reports, the OCD lesions were graded according to the Classification System for OCD Lesions established by the American Sports Medicine Institute. No difference in mean DASH score between grades was found. Conclusions In our small group of patients, arthroscopic debridement of OCD of the capitellum resulted in a functional elbow with subjective symptom relief for the majority of patients, as evidenced by DASH scores. However, despite a functional outcome, many patients reported ceasing at least some sporting activities because of their elbow. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Tire Cord Application of High-Modulus Fibers Derived from Polyamide-Hydrazides

Abstract Recent developments in tire design have focused interest on new combinations of properties for fibers to be used in tire cords. Different fiber properties are of importance depending on whether the end use is in bias design, breaker belts, or radial design. X-500 class fibers of polyamide-hydrazides can be produced with a range of property combinations. The textile-like fiber with good tenacity, extensibility, and modulus similar to presently used organic fibers has advantages of greater dimensional stability and heat resistance. The high modulus variant shows better flex life, abrasion resistance, and water resistance than glass. X-500 class fibers can be made stronger and stiffer than glass or steel—when compared in textile units. Data, presented show typical prototype X-500 tire cord properties in the greige and the heat-treated form. Experimental tires were made using a polyamide-hydrazide X-500 fiber in the belts of radial and bias constructions. Nylon 66 and polyester were used in the carca...
THE INCORPORATION OF TRITIATED URIDINE IN HAIR GERM AND DERMAL PAPILLA DURING DORMANCY (TELOGEN) AND ACTIVATION (EARLY ANAGEN)

During dormancy there is very little incorporation of [ 3 H]uridine in cells of hair germ and dermal papilla. During activation (both spontaneous and experimental) there is a marked increase in this parameter, especially in the cells of the germ. After experimental activation by plucking, the increase in label in the germ is evident by 6 hr, reaching an initial maximum by 24 hr. The initial increase in [ 3 H]uridine incorporation after activation precedes the increase in [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation found previously, by about 6 hr. No evidence was found that the increase in [ 3 H]uridine of papilla cells precedes the increase in [ 3 H]uridine of germ cells. This finding militates against the possibility that the dermal papilla is triggered into an inductive role (vis-a-vis the germ cells) by means of circulating steroid hormones.
X‐ray spectrometry and spectrum image mapping at output count rates above 100 kHz with a silicon drift detector on a scanning electron microscope

A third-generation silicon drift detector (SDD) in the form of a silicon multicathode detector (SMCD) was tested as an analytical x-ray spectrometer on a scanning electron microscope. Resolution, output count rate, and spectral quality were examined as a function of the detector peaking time from 8 micros to 250 ns and over a range of input count rate (dead time). The SDD-SMCD (50 mm2 active area) produced a resolution of 134 eV with a peaking time of 8 micros. The peak width and peak channel were nearly independent of the input count rate (at 8 micros peaking time, the peak width degradation was 0.003 eV/percent dead time and peak position change was -0.7 eV over the dead time range tested). Maximum output count rates as high as 280 kHz were obtained with a 500 ns peaking time (188 eV resolution) and 500 kHz with a 250 ns peaking time (217 eV resolution). X-ray spectrum imaging was achieved with a pixel dwell time as short as 10 ms (with 1.3 ms overhead) in which a 2048 channel (10 eV/channel) spectrum with 2-byte intensity range was recorded at each pixel (scanned at 128 x 128). With a 220 kHz output count rate, a minor constituent of iron (present at a concentration of 0.04 mass fraction or 4 weight %) in an aluminum-nickel alloy could be readily detected in the x-ray maps derived from the x-ray spectrum image database accumulated in 185 s.
Getter-pumped test facility for high-power, long-pulse MPD thrusters

The lack of data on the continuous operation of magnetoplasma dynamic (MPD) thrusters has inhibited development of improved designs for these devices. A significant obstacle in ground-based testing has been the inability to maintain sufficient vacuum in the testing vessel. The pumping speed required to maintain 10 4 Torr for a 5 g/s oxygen arc is - 1071/s. A technique for achieving these pumping speeds continuously involves utilizing the gettering properties of titanium for such gases as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrazine. In particular, a design is developed around a two-chamber differentially pumped system employing a practical-sized vacuum vessel and commercially obtainable, high throughput i-beam evaporators. It is shown that the required pumping speed can be maintained easily for periods of hours and is limited primarily by the necessity to reload the evaporators and maintain the vacuum vessel.
Fabry-Perot observations of Comet Halley H2O+

Fabry-Perot scanning spectrometer observations of Comet Halley's H2O(+) emissions have yielded 6158.64 and 6158.85 A spin doublet data at distances in the range of 0 to 2 million km from the comet heat in the antisunward direction. Cometary plasma outflow velocities were ascertained on the basis of the emissions' Doppler shifts, yielding results that were mostly but not exclusively consistent with the plasma's constant antisunward acceleration; the acceleration varied from night to night of observations over a 30-300 cm/sec range. The unusual plasma kinematics of December 14-15, 1985, and January 10, 1986, may be associated with the tail-disconnection activity observed by others.
Neurogenesis of the magnocellular basal telencephalic nuclei in the rat.

Abstract Neurogenesis in the magnocellular basal telencephalic nuclei of the rat was examined with [3H]thymidine autoradiography. The experimental animals were the offspring of pregnant females given two injections of [3H]thymidine on consecutive embryonic (E) days (E12–E13, E13–E14, … E21–E22). On postnatal day (P) 60, the percentage of labeled cells and the proportion of cells originating during 24 h periods were quantified at several anatomical levels throughout the magnocellular basal telencephalic nuclei. The neurons of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band originate mainly between E13 and E16 in a combined rostral-to-caudal and lateral-to-medial gradient. The neurogenetic gradients in the horizontal limb are continued by generation patterns of cells in the vertical limb of the diagonal band-medial septal complex, the large cells in the polymorph layer of the olfactory tubercle, and the large cells of the anterior amygdaloid area. The substantia innominata originates between E13 and E17 in combined caudal-to-rostral and lateral-to-medial gradients. The globus pallidus originates between E13 and E17 in combined caudal-to-rostral, ventral-to-dorsal and medial-to-lateral gradients. The entopeduncular nucleus originates between E12 and E14 in a ‘sandwich’ gradient where neurons in the core of the nucleus are older than those in either the anterior or posterior ends. There is an overall superficial (ventral) to deep (dorsal) neurogenetic gradient between the magnocellular basal nuclei present at any given rostrocaudal level. An important finding is that neurogenetic gradients in the individual components of the magnocellular basal nuclei are alike (with the possible exception of the entopeduncular nucleus) indicating they are part of a single system. Finally, evidence is presented that neurogenetic gradients in the magnocellular basal telencephalic neurons can be correlated with their anatomical projections to the cerebral cortex.