cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Right ventricular imaging by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography.

Purpose of review The assessment of ventricular systolic performance is one of the most critical roles of echocardiography, often impacting the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of patients with suspected cardiovascular disease. Recent findings Historically, the echocardiographic assessment of diseases affecting the right ventricle has lagged behind that of the left ventricle, despite knowledge demonstrating that diseases affecting the right heart have been shown to have the same clinical consequences as those affecting the left heart. Summary This up-to-date review of right ventricular imaging by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography will emphasize the clinical situations for which assessment of right ventricular systolic function is particularly important, and review the systematic assessment of right ventricular regional wall motion in terms of coronary anatomy. Technical and scanning tips designed to optimize the visualization of the right heart with echocardiography with case examples will be presented. Qualitative and quantitative two-dimensional methods for assessing right heart function that are both well established and evolving will be summarized and the case for considering more routine use of ultrasound contrast agents to enhance right ventricular endocardial border definition will be made. The current state of three-dimensional imaging of the right ventricle will be highlighted along with the challenges for making this powerful tool more widespread.
Instability growth patterns of a shock-accelerated thin fluid layer.

Laser-induced fluorescence imaging of a shock-accelerated thin gas layer, produced by a planar ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$ jet in air, shows multiple flow evolutions. Richtmyer-Meshkov instability causes spatially periodic perturbations initially imposed on the jet to develop into one of three distinct flow patterns, indicating nonlinear instability growth. Slight differences in the vorticity distribution deposited on the air-${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$ interfaces by the shock interaction produce a bifurcated flow, observed as mushroom-shaped or sinuous-shaped interfacial patterns.
Ethylenediamine addition compounds of metal perchlorates

Abstract The ethylenediamine addition compounds of the perchlorates of lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper and zinc were prepared by the direct union of ethylenediamine and the corresponding metal perchlorate. The thermal stabilities of these compounds were studied by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis methods.
Chemical analyses as validators in smoking cessation programs.

This review addresses the use of chemical analyses to validate the smoking status of a participant in a smoking cessation program. Phamacokinetic and chemical validation literature leads to the conclusion that chemical analyses are most reliably used to confirm abstinence from smoking rather than as quantitative measures of nicotine intake or smoking activity. Analytical methodologies used in smoking validation studies are reviewed with their advantages and disadvantages. Close collaboration of behavioral scientists and analytical chemists is encouraged to validate the smoking status of participants in a smoking cessation program.
Declining CA-125 in an Ovarian Cancer Patient with Progression of Measurable Disease: A Rational Hypothesis for Discordant Results

Abstract Objectives. While a declining CA-125 has been demonstrated to be a useful indicator of response to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer, occasional patients will demonstrate discordant results between the level of this antigen and changes in the size of measurable tumor masses. Case. The patient was seen in the Gynecologic Oncology Program of the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center. Results. This patient exhibited a "major response" by CA-125 criteria, significant shrinkage of multiple peritoneal and perirectal implants, but clear progression of a pelvic side wall mass. The discordant results in this case are likely an example of a "mixed response" to the chemotherapy regimen, with the declining CA-125 corresponding to shrinkage of the responding tumor cell population. Conclusion. An evaluation of changes in both the serum CA-125 level and measurable masses may represent a more complete analysis of the status of disease in an individual with ovarian cancer.
Lens design and local minima

The widespread belief that local minima exist in the least squares lens-design error function is not confirmed by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) optimization program. LASL finds the optimum-minimum region, which is characterized by small parameter gradients of similar size, small performance improvement per iteration, and many designs that give similar performance. Local minima and unique prescriptions have not been found in many-parameter problems. The reason for these absences is that image errors caused by a change in one parameter can be compensated by changes in the remaining parameters. False local minima have been found, and four cases are discussed.
Some Estimates of the Effects of Heating on Large Scale Disturbances

Effects of heating on large scale disturbances are studied by assuming that heating is tuned to the disturbances, with rate of heating proportional to individual pressure change but displaced by an arbitrary phase angle. The linearized two-layer baroclinic model reveals that the heating which accompanies condensation in the middle troposphere may lead to marked increase in instability and to shift of maximum instability from five to three thousand kilometer wavelengths, and this calls attention to a serious defect in the two-layer model which must influence the accuracy of numerical calculations using the non-linear equations.
The New Face in Leadership: Emotional Intelligence

In the new millennium we are witnessing the shifts in the global economy, competition, and human resource needs thus, requiring a leader who must have more than a vision that inspires others but be able to execute it successfully to ensure the vision becomes a reality (Dunning, 2000). This emphasis on execution requires a reliance on teamwork and cooperation unseating the traditional top-down leadership approach. Success with this new paradigm hinges on interpersonal relationships or the skills of what Goleman (1995) has popularized as emotional intelligence. Leadership in academia is not much different from what we see in business, except for the added and often conflicting responsibility of teaching and scholarly productivity. Being pulled in equally important and demanding directions can result in emotional havoc, social discord, and decreased productivity. Therefore, understanding the concept of emotional intelligence and its role in becoming a more effective leader becomes paramount for those of us i...
Social and family risk factors for infant development at one year: An application of the cumulative risk model

This study examined the utility of using a cumulative risk model for predicting cognitive and language outcomes in an infant sample. The sample was comprised of 83 biologically normal 12 month-old African-American infants who attended local child care centers. The sample was 53% female and approximately two-thirds fell within the lower socioeconomic strata. Ten social and family risk factors based on Sameroff's risk model were used to construct a Cumulative Risk Index: poverty status, maternal education less than high school, household size, unmarried mother, stressful life events, depressed maternal affect, mother-infant interactions, maternal IQ, the quality of the home environment, and quality of the day care environment. Outcome measures included the Mental Development Index from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (MDI), the Total Score from the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scale (CSBS), and the Receptive Communication Age score from the Sequenced Inventory for Communication Development-Revised (SICD-RCA). Results indicated that the Cumulative Risk Index was significantly correlated with the CSBS and SICD-RCA, but not with the MDI, with modest amounts of variance being accounted-for. Further, the predictive utility of the Cumulative Risk Index was slightly better than an overall regression model of prediction for the CSBS, but was outperformed by the regression model on the other two outcome measures.
Test of a method to determine socially acceptable occlusal conditions

A method for determining the social acceptability for dental appearance across the full range of occlusal conditions found in a natural population was developed and tested. The strategy used in developing the Social Acceptability Scale of Occlusal Conditions (SASOC) was to present photographs of 100 dental study models to a large sample of high school students (n = 880) and their parents (n = 403) whose responses were measured by a semantic differential instrument. After refinement of the semantic differential instrument scale scores were derived for each study model by computing the mean individual scores. Ranks were assigned to the mean scores. The Pearsonian correlation obtained between parent and student subsamples was 0.95. The reliability and validity of SASOC were assessed. COCSTOC measures of specific occlusal traits for these 100 study models are available. The future task involves the development of a highly reliable regression equation for predicting social acceptability scores from a small number of objective physical measurements.
Understanding Community Dynamics in Online Social Networks: A multidisciplinary review

Social network systems are significant scaffolds for political, economic, and sociocultural change. This is in part due to the widespread availability of sophisticated network technologies and the concurrent emergence of rich media Web sites. Social network sites provide new opportunities for social-technological research. Since we can inexpensively collect electronic records (over extended periods) of social data spanning diverse populations, it is now possible to study social processes on a scale of tens of million individuals. To understand the large-scale dynamics of interpersonal interaction and its outcome, this article links the perspectives in the humanities for analysis of social networks to recent developments in data intensive computational approaches. With special emphasis on social communities mediated by network technologies, we review the historical research arc of community analysis as well as methods applicable to community discovery in social media.
Optimal location management for two-tier PCS networks

Abstract One of the most important issues in Personal Communication Service (PCS) networks is location management, which keeps track of the Mobile Terminals (MTs) moving from place to place. In this paper, we analytically derive cost functions of location updates and paging for a dynamic movement-based location management scheme for PCS networks with two-tier mobility databases. We prove analytically that there is a unique optimal movement threshold that minimizes the total cost of Home Location Register location updates, Visitor Location Register location updates, and paging, per call arrival. An effective algorithm is proposed to find the optimal movement threshold. Furthermore, we propose a hybrid location management scheme, in which when the call-to-mobility ratio is larger than a threshold, the optimal dynamic movement-based scheme is adopted. Otherwise, the static location update is adopted. The Newton approximation method is adopted to find this threshold. Our study shows that the proposed hybrid scheme outperforms both the dynamic movement-based scheme and the static location update scheme.
Volume and surface resistivity of low-density polyethylene filled with stainless steel fibres

D.c. electrical properties of low-density polyethylene filled with stainless steel fibres have been studied at various concentrations above the percolation threshold. The volume fractions used were 2, 5 and 10% of stainless steel fibre. The volume resistivity of polyethylene varied between 6.15×107 Ω cm at 2% loading level and 3.71×105 Ωcm at 10%. Corresponding values for surface resistivity varied between 2.77×107 Ω at 2% and 3.94×104 Ω at 10%. The value of the critical exponent for percolation was estimated to be around 2.4 for volume resistivity and 3 for surface resistivity.
Comparison of DSM‐IV versus proposed DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria for eating disorders: Reduction of eating disorder not otherwise specified and validity

Objective: Revised Eating Disorder (ED) diagnostic criteria have been proposed for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-5 to reduce the preponderance of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and increase the validity of diagnostic groups. This article compares DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria on number of EDNOS cases and validity. Method: Participants (N = 397; 91% female) completed structured clinical interviews in a two-stage epidemiological study of EDs. Interviewers did not follow standard skip rules, making it possible to evaluate alternative ED diagnostic criteria. Results: Using DSM-IV versus DSM-5 criteria, 34 (14%) versus 48 (20%) had anorexia nervosa, 43 (18%) versus 44 (18%) had bulimia nervosa, and 163 (68%) had EDNOS versus 20 (8%) had binge eating disorder (BED), and 128 (53%) had EDNOS, respectively, reflecting a significant decrease in EDNOS. Validation analyses supported significant differences among groups with some improvement associated with delineation of BED. Discussion: Proposed revisions to EDs in the DSM-5 significantly reduced reliance on EDNOS without loss of information. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fire effects on rangeland hydrology and erosion in a steep sagebrush-dominated landscape † †

Post-fire runoff and erosion from wildlands has been well researched, but few studies have researched the degree of control exerted by fire on rangeland hydrology and erosion processes. Furthermore, the spatial continuity and temporal persistence of wildfire impacts on rangeland hydrology and erosion are not well understood. Small-plot rainfall and concentrated flow simulations were applied to unburned and severely burned hillslopes to determine the spatial continuity and persistence of fire-induced impacts on runoff and erosion by interrill and rill processes on steep sagebrush-dominated sites. Runoff and erosion were measured immediately following and each of 3 years post-wildfire. Spatial and temporal variability in post-fire hydrologic and erosional responses were compared with runoff and erosion measured under unburned conditions. Results from interrill simulations indicate fire-induced impacts were predominantly on coppice microsites and that fire influenced interrill sediment yield more than runoff. Interrill runoff was nearly unchanged by burning, but 3-year cumulative interrill sediment yield on burned hillslopes (50 g m � 2 ) was twice that of unburned hillslopes (25 g m � 2 ). The greatest impact of fire was on the dynamics of runoff once overland flow began. Reduced ground cover on burned hillslopes allowed overland flow to concentrate into rills. The 3-year cumulative runoff from concentrated flow simulations on burned hillslopes (298 l) was nearly 20 times that measured on unburned hillslopes (16 l). The 3-year cumulative sediment yield from concentrated flow on burned and unburned hillslopes was 20 400 g m � 2 and 6 g m � 2 respectively. Fire effects on runoff generation and sediment were greatly reduced, but remained, 3 years post-fire. The results indicate that the impacts of fire on runoff and erosion from severely burned steep sagebrush landscapes vary significantly by microsite and process, exhibiting seasonal fluctuation in degree, and that fire-induced increases in runoff and erosion may require more than 3 years to return to background levels. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two carotenoid oxygenases contribute to mammalian provitamin A metabolism.

Mammalian genomes encode two provitamin A-converting enzymes as follows: the β-carotene-15,15′-oxygenase (BCO1) and the β-carotene-9′,10′-oxygenase (BCO2). Symmetric cleavage by BCO1 yields retinoids (β-15′-apocarotenoids, C20), whereas eccentric cleavage by BCO2 produces long-chain (>C20) apocarotenoids. Here, we used genetic and biochemical approaches to clarify the contribution of these enzymes to provitamin A metabolism. We subjected wild type, Bco1−/−, Bco2−/−, and Bco1−/−Bco2−/− double knock-out mice to a controlled diet providing β-carotene as the sole source for apocarotenoid production. This study revealed that BCO1 is critical for retinoid homeostasis. Genetic disruption of BCO1 resulted in β-carotene accumulation and vitamin A deficiency accompanied by a BCO2-dependent production of minor amounts of β-apo-10′-carotenol (APO10ol). We found that APO10ol can be esterified and transported by the same proteins as vitamin A but with a lower affinity and slower reaction kinetics. In wild type mice, APO10ol was converted to retinoids by BCO1. We also show that a stepwise cleavage by BCO2 and BCO1 with APO10ol as an intermediate could provide a mechanism to tailor asymmetric carotenoids such as β-cryptoxanthin for vitamin A production. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that mammals employ both carotenoid oxygenases to synthesize retinoids from provitamin A carotenoids.
The Histological Effects of Proteolytic Enzyme Addition on Freeze-Dehydrated Chicken Meat

Abstract IN THE past few years, there has been increased interest in enzymatic tenderization of meats. Correlations between morphological and panel observations have been conducted with particular reference to freeze-dehydrated meats, especially beef and pork. Gottschall and Kies (1942) made an early attempt to study some of the modes of proteolytic enzyme action as possible tenderizers of beef. Wang et al. (1954, 1955, 1958) conducted many studies concerning enzyme application techniques, comparison of action of various proteolytic enzymes, and characteristics of tissues of freeze-dried beef. Weir et al. (1958) made taste panel and histological analysis of meat treated with liquid tenderizers containing papain. It was felt that similar studies should be possible with chicken meat. Therefore, the following histological study was undertaken to determine: (a) the effects, if any, of freeze-drying on tissue structure; (b) the nature of enzymatic action on the various constituents of muscular and connective tissue structure; and…
A theoretical analysis of the performance of code division multiple access communications over multimode optical fiber channels .II. System performance evaluation

In this paper, we conduct a system performance evaluation of code division multiple access communications over multimode optical fiber channels. More specifically, we complete the task started in Part I of this paper. In our system evaluation, we consider a collection of independent users sharing a common multimode optical fiber channel, which obey a binomial channel access and utilization model. Under this model, the bit error probability at the ith receiver is calculated as a function of the peak receive signal-to-noise ratio; where the signal-to-noise ratio is a function of the number of active users, the bit energy over "white" noise spectral density, and the percentage time users are active. We also make a comparison of the performance of this system with that obtained for an ideal channel. >
Learning Sparse Codes with a Mixture-of-Gaussians Prior

We describe a method for learning an overcomplete set of basis functions for the purpose of modeling sparse structure in images. The sparsity of the basis function coefficients is modeled with a mixture-of-Gaussians distribution. One Gaussian captures nonactive coefficients with a small-variance distribution centered at zero, while one or more other Gaussians capture active coefficients with a large-variance distribution. We show that when the prior is in such a form, there exist efficient methods for learning the basis functions as well as the parameters of the prior. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on a number of test cases and also on natural images. The basis functions learned on natural images are similar to those obtained with other methods, but the sparse form of the coefficient distribution is much better described. Also, since the parameters of the prior are adapted to the data, no assumption about sparse structure in the images need be made a priori, rather it is learned from the data.
Fast analysis of structured power grid by triangularization based structure preserving model order reduction

In this paper, a triangularization based structure preserving (TBS) model order reduction is proposed to verify power integrity of on-chip structured power grid. The power grid is represented by interconnected basic blocks according to current density, and basic blocks are further clustered into compact blocks, each with a unique pole distribution. Then, the system is transformed into a triangular system, where compact blocks are in its diagonal and the system poles are determined only by the diagonal blocks. Finally, projection matrices are constructed and applied for compact blocks separately. The resulting macromodel has more matched poles and is more accurate than the one using flat projection. It is also sparse and enables a two-level analysis for simulation time reduction. Compared to existing approaches, TBS in experiments achieves up to 133/spl times/ and 109/spl times/ speedup in macromodel building and simulation respectively, and reduces waveform error by 33/spl times/.
Comparisons of the effects of enterostatin on food intake and gastric emptying in rats.

The effects of central and peripheral administration of enterostatin (ENT) on food intake and gastric emptying of a non-nutrient liquid meal have been studied in rats. Intraperitoneal and intragastric administration of ENT at a dose of 120 nmol suppressed the intake of a high-fat diet but failed to inhibit gastric emptying in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) ENT (1 nmol) reduced intake of a high-fate diet in Osborne-Mendel (OM) and SD rats but not in S5B/Pl rats, whereas it decreased gastric emptying in S5B/P1 and SD rats but not in OM rats. The data suggest that although central ENT may reduce gastric emptying rate, this effect is not related to the inhibitory effect of ENT on food intake.
Recurrent Nonmenstrual Toxic Shock

tients (14.8%), 7 of whom had 35 bite marks. Using a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, CD4 count, HIV load, and HIV-transmission group, we identified an independent association between lipoatrophy and (1) a history of having been bitten by mosquitoes in the 3 months before the study (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.06-5.59) and (2) the presence of mosquito bites at the time of physical examination (OR, 10.13; 95% CI, 2.65-38.73). No specific type of ART was found to be associated with mos-
Energy recovery linac (ERL) coherent hard x-ray sources

Energy recovery linacs (ERLs) have the potential to be superb coherent hard x-ray sources. ERLs are described with reference to a 5GeV ERL design being studied at Cornell University. The properties of this ERL, and the x-ray beams that may be produced, are described and spectral curves are calculated and compared to other existing and future x-ray sources. It is shown that ERL and x-ray free electron laser (X-FEL) sources are complementary in terms of the experiments they may optimally serve. ERLs will be especially advantageous in a variety of coherent and nanobeam experiments where the sample must be repetitively probed and in cases where the samples are unique and the requisite scattering information cannot be obtained with a single X-FEL pulse. ERL strengths are elaborated relating to the very high coherent flux, inherently round beams, flexibility and quasi-continuous time structure of the sources. Examples are given where these x-ray characteristics will facilitate advancement of important 'big challenge' areas of science.
Reconceptualizing Sociolinguistic Competence as Mediated Action: Identity, Meaning-Making, Agency

This article presents 2 case studies of intermediate university students of French, Casey and Melanie (both pseudonyms), and their developing use and understanding of stylistic variation over the course of an academic semester. It draws from a variety of data sources: classroom observation, learners’ explanations of stylistic variants, learners’ analyses of variation in transcriptions of spoken French, interlearner online chat discussions, and interviews with a teacher-researcher in French and English. The two case studies illustrate two dramatically different orientations to variation among second language learners of French. On the one hand, Casey uses variation during class assignments, and she is capable of creating and assigning social and symbolic meaning through its use. Yet variation for Casey remains an academic achievement and she resists incorporating variation into her natural speech. On the other hand, Melanie embraces variation as a mediating artifact that will afford her access to social, interpersonal interaction in the future, and enable her to engage in “being Melanie” in this additional language. In both cases, however, the importance of their personal histories, the role of language learning in their lives, and desired future access to French-speaking communities of practice beyond a school setting come into sharp relief.
A parallel algorithm for calculating the potential energy in DNA

The Dreiding force field is a seven-term equation that describes the potential energy in a molecule as a function of the relative positions of bonded atoms and electrostatic interactions between atoms that do not share a bond. For large molecules such as DNA, with several thousand atoms, the O(n/sup 2/) nonbonded terms can require a significant amount of computation. We present a data-parallel algorithm that takes time O(n) on n processors. We compare the execution time of our algorithm on a MasPar MP-I with an efficient sequential program running on an SGI workstation. >
Tools and strategies for physiological genomics: the Rat Genome Database

The broad goal of physiological genomics research is to link genes to their functions using appropriate experimental and computational techniques. Modern genomics experiments enable the generation of vast quantities of data, and interpretation of this data requires the integration of information derived from many diverse sources. Computational biology and bioinformatics offer the ability to manage and channel this information torrent. The Rat Genome Database (RGD; http://rgd.mcw.edu) has developed computational tools and strategies specifically supporting the goal of linking genes to their functional roles in rat and, using comparative genomics, to human and mouse. We present an overview of the database with a focus on these unique computational tools and describe strategies for the use of these resources in the area of physiological genomics.
Injury classification agreement in linked Bureau of Labor Statistics and Workers' Compensation data

BACKGROUND: Estimates of select occupational injuries and illnesses often differ across data sources. We explored agreement in injury classifications and the impact of differences on case estimates among records reported to multiple data sources. METHODS: We linked cases reported in the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) to Washington State workers' compensation (WC) claims and evaluated agreement in injury characteristics coded in each data source according to the same occupational injury and illness classification system. RESULTS: Agreement between data sources was greatest for body part and lowest for event or exposure. Agreement on nature of injury varied by condition. WC-assigned injury codes estimated 94% more amputations than SOII-assigned codes while SOII-assigned codes estimated 34% more work-related MSD cases. CONCLUSIONS: Accounting for classification differences may improve case ascertainment within individual data sources and help align injury and illness estimates derived from different data sources. Am. J. Ind. Med. 9999:1-10, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Motivating contribution in a participatory sensing system via quid-pro-quo

Participatory sensing systems (PSS) require frequent injection of information that has a short shelf-life. The use of crowds to gather information for PSS is therefore particularly challenging. In this study, we explore the impact of two policies on user contributions. A quid-pro-quo policy exchanges contributions from users for access to critical information in the system. A request policy simply reminds the user that information is needed to make the system function well. Prior research has shown that request for help in crowdsourced system is an effective mechanism to increase contributions. During a large-scale experimental study within a publicly deployed, crowdsourced, transit information system, we analyzed metrics associated with frequency of contribution and commitment to long-term use over a 10-month period. Our results confirmed that quid-pro-quo led to more contribution, but at a cost of faster departure from the study. When a participant was simply requested to contribute, but could still access community-generated data if they ignored a request, was largely ineffective and was statistically similar to the control condition where no request for contribution occurred. Thus crowdsource system designers should consider imposing quid-pro-quo type policies for PSS that concentrate on fewer users, but makes them more productive.
Excited-state dynamics of water-soluble polythiophene derivatives: temperature and side-chain length effects.

We report synthesis and detailed spectroscopic study of three water-soluble polythiophene derivatives with distinct homologous oligo(ethylene oxide) side-chain lengths and lower critical solution t...
ThêoH Bias-removal Method

A version of Theol variance, called TheoBR variance (BR for "bias-removed" relative to the Allan variance), is constructed. This relative bias correction is applied over a range of the longest recommended Allan r values for a given data run. TheoH deviation ('H' to indicate a hybrid combination of TheoBR, and Allan deviations) is the Allan deviation in short term and switches to the TheoBR, deviation in long term. In the presence of non-integer-power-law and mixed noise types, the approach is as effective and less cumbersome than past approaches, and requires little, if any, a priori knowledge or human judgment of data being analyzed. The substantially gained properties of Theol at large r, to 50 % beyond the longest possible r using the Allan deviation alone, can be obtained without Allan bias. Long-term frequency stability can be obtained in essentially one-third less time. For example, a two-month stability can be obtained with three months of data, rather than the four months of data that are usually required for such a point
An integrated system for query formulation and database design

This paper describes a system that uses database design knowledge to formulate queries in response to high-level requests. By focusing on the conceptual design, it is possible to identify conceptual subgraphs that correspond to user intent. These subgraphs can be manipulated with respect to a request and mapped to a database query. Furthermore, by treating the subgraphs as knowledge constructs, it is possible to use the system for interactive design evaluation. >
Growth control by EGF repeats of the C. elegans Fibulin-1C isoform

Fibulin is a broadly conserved component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Previous studies have shown that Caenorhabditis elegans FIBULIN-1 (FBL-1) controls the width of the gonad ([Hesselson, D., C. Newman, K.W. Kim, and J. Kimble. 2004.][1] Curr. Biol. 14:2005–2010; [Kubota, Y., R. Kuroki, and K. Nishiwaki. 2004.][2] Curr. Biol. 14:2011–2018; [Muriel, J.M., C. Dong, H. Hutter, and B.E. Vogel. 2005.][3] Development. 132: 4223–4234). In this study, we report that FBL-1 also controls developmental growth and that one isoform of fibulin-1, called FBL-1C, controls both functions by distinct mechanisms. A large FBL-1C fragment, including both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibulin-type C domains, is responsible for constraining gonadal width, but a much smaller fragment containing only two complete EGF repeats (EGF1-2C+) is critical for developmental growth. We suggest that the larger fragment serves a scaffolding function to stabilize the basement membrane and that the smaller fragment provides a regulatory function at the cell surface or within the ECM to control growth. [1]: #ref-7 [2]: #ref-14 [3]: #ref-17
Progress and Open Problems in Clustering: Beyond Algorithm Development

Clustering is a central unsupervised learning task with a wide variety of applications. Due to its wide applicability, the field generates much research activity, the great majority of which focuses on the development of new algorithms. Yet, most users continue to rely on a small number of well-established methods. Furthermore, inherent ambiguity in clustering prevents us from identifying which algorithm is best. In recent years, a new approach for studying clustering algorithms has been developed, which focuses on uncovering essential differences between popular clustering methods instead of providing new ones. This formal approach allows users to utilize prior knowledge about their domain to identify which algorithm is suitable for their application, without having to execute many different techniques. The talk will discuss major developments in this field as well as directions for future work. The talk will address joint work with Shai Ben-David, Simina Branzei, Sanjoy Dasgupta, David Loker, and Sivan Sabato.
Bacteremia and Deep Vein Thrombosis in an Infant.

Abstract Background Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is rare in infancy. In pediatric populations, thrombosis occurs most frequently in hospitalized children and those with central venous catheters. The presence of a DVT in the general pediatric population indicates a hypercoagulable state and requires rapid diagnosis and treatment of both the thrombosis and the underlying process. Case Report A previously healthy 6-month-old male was brought to the emergency department by his family with a chief complaint of left leg swelling. Duplex ultrasonography in the emergency department revealed multiple DVTs in the leg vasculature. The patient was treated with anticoagulation and antibiotic therapy in the emergency department and admitted. Blood cultures revealed the subsequent growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? While rare in infants, new-onset swelling in an extremity may be caused by thrombosis and be the initial symptom of an underlying hypercoagulable state. Duplex ultrasonography is a relatively benign test that can be readily performed in most emergency departments, and it allows physicians to rule out thrombosis. When present, DVT in the general pediatric population can indicate a critical illness, such as malignancy or infection, and requires rapid treatment and admission to a pediatric service for management.
A Critical Comparison of the Techniques used to Characterize the Crystallography of an Interface: Pd on mbe “Rown GaAs(100)

In situ Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction and ex-situ Transmission Electron Diffraction and Ion Channeling have been applied to a reacted Pd-GaAs interface and the results obtained are critically compared. The investigation has been done on the stabilized c(2×8) surface obtained by MBE on GaAs(100) substrates. Smooth surface epitaxial growth has been observed by RHEED as soon as a few monolayers of Pd are deposited at a substrate temperature of about 325°C. TEM diffraction studies indicate the presence of an intermetallic hexagonal structure similar to the orthorhombic Pd5Ga2 but with slightly different lattice parameters due to the possible incorporation of As. A less abundant phase was also identified as an hexagonal structure similar to Pd8As2. Ion Channeling indicates pronounced reduction in scattering yield when the [100] axis of the substrate was aligned with the impinging beam, thus supporting the RHEED analysis. The three techniques listed above were found to be useful for the determination of the epitaxial relationship between the identified phases and the substrate.
The romance of work: Gender and aspirational labour in the digital culture industries

Despite widespread interest in the changing technologies, economies and politics of creative labour, much of the recent cultural production scholarship overlooks the social positioning of gender. This article draws upon in-depth interviews with 18 participants in highly feminized sites of digital cultural production (e.g. fashion, beauty and retail) to examine how they articulate and derive value from their passionate activities. I argue that the discourses of authenticity, community building and brand devotion that they draw on are symptomatic of a highly gendered, forward-looking and entrepreneurial enactment of creativity that I term ‘aspirational labour’. Aspirational labourers pursue productive activities that hold the promise of social and economic capital; yet the reward system for these aspirants is highly uneven. Indeed, while a select few may realize their professional goals – namely to get paid doing what they love – this worker ideology obscures problematic constructions of gender and class su...
Feeding, Growth, and Survival of Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization of Nonnodulating Soybean

Feeding activity, growth, and survival of soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), larvae fed foliage from nonnodulating soybean, Glycine Max (L.) Merrill, plants supplied with different rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer were examined. Foliage was obtained from the non–nodulating isoline ‘Lee’ soybean beginning at the V8 growth stage (46 d after planting) and continuing through initiation of bloom. Plants were grown in pots fertilized with four sequential applications of five rates of N fertilizer (5.25, 21, 42, 84, and 168 kg N/ha as NH4NO3) and from nonfertilized plants. These six treatments resulted in foliage N concentrations that ranged from 10 to 33 mg/g dry weight and chlorophyll concentrations that ranged from 0.5 to 1.7 mg/g fresh weight (51–50 d after planting) during the feeding bioassay. Foliage from nonfertilized control plants and those fertilized with 5.25 and 21 kg N/ha were low in N(≤12 mg/g) and caused 100% mortality when fed to soybean looper larvae. Foliage from plants fertilized with 42 kg N/ha contained 17 mg N/g dry weight and resulted in moderate levels of mortality (55%), whereas the higher N rates (84 and 168 kg N/ha) resulted in foliage N concentrations of 22 and 33 mg/g dry weight and ≥90% survival. Although the highest three foliage N concentrations were sufficient for survival of soybean looper larvae, differential effects on development of larvae were observed. Greater number of stadia, lengthened duration of the larval development period, and greater foliage consumption were observed with each reduction in foliage N from 33.4, to 22.4, to 16.9 mg/g, but ultimately, similar maximum larval weights were achieved. These three factors appear to be mechanisms tbat allow the soybean looper to compensate for reduced N and may explain how this species maintains itself on such a wide range of hosts (73 plant species in 29 families) including noncultivated species.
The Historical Imagination in Arturo Islas’s The Rain God and Migrant Souls

"To some extent the maturity of Chicano writers," Eliud Martinez contends, "can be attributed to their growing knowledge of contemporary Mexican and Latin American literature and to the influence of la nueva novela latinoamericana on Chicano novels" (9). It is a reasonable assertion and further evidence can be found in the convergence of Latin American and Chicano/a historical narratives. It is certainly noteworthy that writers such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Mario Vargas Llosa, and Carlos Fuentes have turned with full force toward the writing of massive historical novels. In addressing this intriguing turn of events and examining historical consciousness in Latin American literature, Alfred J. MacAdam makes this observation: "Writing has now become the means by which Latin America can learn to live with its ghosts, learn from them and use the burden of history instead of being crushed by it" (562). Notably, the historian of the Angel family in The Rain God admixes el dia de los muertos with the reconstruction of
Irrigation Lateral Design

Water is conveyed to drip emitters and sprinklers through multioutlet pipelines called laterals. This chapter begins with a basic introduction to hydraulics and statistics. These introductory materials may be unnecessary for many students. Then these principles are used to simulate the distribution of water applied by an irrigation lateral. Hydraulics is used to determine the change in pressure and resultant application variability along the lateral. Normally, the design objective is high application uniformity, which is accomplished by keeping pressure variation along the lateral within an acceptable range. Using larger pipe reduces pressure loss due to friction, but it also increases capital cost. Irrigation system application uniformity is not only a function of hydraulics. Other causes of nonuniformity include emitter manufacturing variation and application rate nonuniformity. The manufacturer’s coefficient of variation or expected field application variability is used to add a statistical distribution to the hydraulic application rate distribution along the lateral. Monte Carlo analysis utilizes the random number generator in Excel to evaluate the effect of the coefficient of variation on application distribution and profit.
Optimal Use and Replenishment of Two Substitutable Raw Materials in a Nonstationary Capacitated Make-to-Order Production System

We consider a joint production and replenishment problem in a make-to-order setting where the firm can use either of two kinds of raw materials (or their mixture) to produce an end product using a shared production line with stochastic capacity. The two types of raw materials are substitutable but one is operationally more efficient (i.e. it has a higher conversion rate) whereas the other is cheaper, and their availability is stochastic due to, for example, delivery uncertainty. We show that a Use-down-to/Balancing Production Policy and modified Order-up-to Ordering Policy is optimal. Our sensitivity analysis of the optimal policy reveals some counter intuitive results when the availability of the raw materials is stochastic. For example, it may be optimal for the firm to use strictly less of the operationally more efficient material when the demand for the end product stochastically increases. Since using a brute-force approach to compute the optimal policy is time-consuming due to the curse of dimensionality of the dynamic program, we use the structural properties of the optimal policy to develop an efficient algorithm to compute the optimal policy. Although the optimal policy is complex, our numerical study shows that solving for it using the algorithm we develop is feasible, and it significantly outperforms two straw heuristic policies that could be used in practice.
A new species of " Lithasia" (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the Harpeth River, Tennessee, U.S.A.

A species of pleurocerid snail, Lithasia spicula sp. nov., is described from two groups of specimens taken from the Harpeth River, Tennessee near Bellevue. The species resembles Li. armigera (Say, 1821) conchologically, but molecular analyses group it either with the polyphyletic assemblage currently considered Leptoxis or as a separate lineage in Pleuroceridae. The species also possesses a unique radula, and is the first known pleurocerid endemic to the Harpeth River.
Wesenszüge der europäischen Romantik

Man hat zwar behauptet, es fehle in der Romantik an der tieferen Gemeinsamkeit zwischen Philosophie und Dichtung (vgl. H. Zeltner, RL III, 1966, 96), doch kann man gerade fur die dt. Romantik und ihre europ. Wirkung die philosophischen Voraussetzungen der astheischen Theorie und Literaturkritik nicht hoch genug einschatzen. Der Idealismus von Herder bis Hegel hat deutliche Spuren im Denken der Dichter hinterlassen, die Transzendentalphilosophie wurde von den Fruhromantikern zur Transzendentalpoesie umgebildet, Romantik bedeutete fur sie »poetisierter Idealism« (Novalis) »Der Idealismus ist der Mittelpunkt und die Grundlage der deutschen Literatur,« meinte F. Schlegel in »Europa« (1803 = KFSA III, 5). Wir beschranken uns im folgenden auf die Skizzierung der wichtigsten Denkmodelle, soweit sie fur die Literaturtheorie der Zeit Bedeutung gewannen.
A contrarian view: Culture and participative management

Abstract Managers from fourteen countries describe the level of subordinate participation they would employ in thirty decision-making situations. Culture differences exist in the level of autocratic/democratic behavior managers display. However, within-country (person) differences exceed between-county (culture) differences. Importantly, systematic within-person differences also exist and indicate that managers are more similar in their participative behavior than they are different. The over-attribution of behavior to cultural causes is discussed.
Adaptive signal reconstruction

An adaptive filter which reconstructs a continuous signal from its samples is described. This filter is based on the minimum mean-square-error reconstruction filter, assuming an all-pole model for the sampled spectral density of the input signal. The use of this model leads to two important simplifications. First, simple linear regression can be used to identify the unknown parameters of the signal spectral density. Second, the resulting filter has an impulse response which is of finite duration. These simplifications lead to an adaptive filter which is at the same time both generally applicable and easily implemented on a digital or hybrid computer. Experiments with both deterministic and random inputs are described which show that the adaptive filter yields significant improvement over a linear point connector or other commonly used reconstructors with relatively low order models and with relatively short identification times.
Fundamental and Technological Limitations of Optical Communications

Optical communications is at the turning point of its development: To deliver exponentially increasing volume of telecommunications traffic, the industry must adequately increase the transmission capacity of optical networks, which is approaching the nonlinear Shannon limit. In other words, current optical communications technology based on silica optical fiber faces its spectral and other limits. The traditional way to increase the transmission capacity—increasing the frequency of a carrier—can’t be employ any longer and possible solutions to this problem must be found within the optical spectrum. Therefore, the industry should seek the non-traditional optical and electronic approaches to developing new devices and systems capable of meeting the future demands. This paper will consider the main problems optical communications technology is encountering at this stage and deliberate the possible directions of its future development.