cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Symptom Patterns of Sexually Abused Children in Treatment: Understanding the Complexity of the Problem

A major challenge for clinicians and researchers is the heterogeneity of the severity and type of symptoms presented by sexually abused youth, including those who are subclinical on traditional clinical measures but still present to treatment. Most research continues to treat sexually abused youth as a single population and has not assessed the outcomes or symptom trajectories of various groups of sexually abused youth. Participants included 107 sexually abused children and their nonoffending parents presenting to a cognitive-behavioral group treatment. A cluster analysis using child- and parent-report measures revealed four profiles, including Subclinical, Highly Distressed, Problem Behaviors, and Self-Reported Distress clusters. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to create separate child- and parent-report models of weekly symptomatology to examine differential change over the course of treatment. Contrary to expectation, there was little variation in the weekly rates of change for the different symp...
Emission spectra of organic liquids in oxy-hydrogen flames

Abstract Organic compounds were aspirated into an oxy-hydrogen flame and the emission spectra studied. Spectra from terminal combustion products were observed and some emission in the infrared may be attributed to larger molecular fragments. Qualitative analysis of combustion processes may be feasible using this process, but numerous problems made quantitative analysis difficult.
Goodness as transcendental: The early thirteenth-century recovery of an Aristotelian idea

In this paper I investigate the philosophical developments at the heart of what appears to be the earliest systematic formulation of the doctrine of the transcendentals by comparing the first questions of Philip the Chancellor'sSumma de bono (the so-called first treatise on the transcendentals — ca. 1230) with its immediate ancestor, a small group of questions from William of Auxerre'sSumma aurea (ca. 1220). I argue that Philip's innovative position on the relation between being and goodness, the centerpiece of his doctrine of the transcendentals, is motivated by an Aristotelian conception of theoretical knowledge that grounds inquiry in metaphysical classification and definition understood in terms of Aristotle's doctrine of the categories. The concerns about taxonomy and definition that Philip introduces into the early thirteenth-century discussion of the metaphysics of goodness lead him to the theses that are the foundations of the medieval doctrine of the transcendentals, among them that being and goodness are conceptually distinct but the same in reality.
Virtual environments for education

WWWIC, the NDSU World Wide Web Instructional Committee, is engaged in developing a range of virtual environments for education. These projects span a range of disciplines, from earth science to anthropology, and from business to biology. However, all of these projects share a strategy, a set of assumptions, an approach to assessment, and an emerging tool set, which allows each to leverage from the insights and advances of the others.
Preexercise Carbohydrate Meals

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To list physiologic and performance differences following consumption of two preexercise meals of varying glycemic indices. The lowering of plasma glucose can contribute to fatigue in subjects performing strenuous endurance exercise. Plasma glucose may be maintained by preexercise carbohydrate meals. A low glycemic index meal (LGI) may offer an advantage by providing a source of glucose to the blood for a long period of time accompanied by a minimal insulin surge. The purpose of this study was to compare postprandial metabolic, physiologic, and performance responses to a LGI and a moderately high GI meal (HGI), each providing three foods totaling 1.5g carbohydrate per kg body weight. After an overnight fast, 10 male endurance trained cyclists consumed one of the test meals or water 30min prior to cycling 2h at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) followed by cycling to exhaustion at 100% of VO2 max. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA for repeated measures (P
A Review of the GUM Workbench

The GUM Workbench provides an extremely useful tool for computing uncertainties that result from combining individual uncertainty components into a single total uncertainty, in accordance with requirements specified by the European Co-operation for Accreditation. The program is fairly easy to use and yields good results, including full uncertainty budgets. Certain tasks, such as identifying and dealing with outliers, and computing variance components due to random effects, need to be done outside of the GUM Workbench prior to entering data. A free demonstration version is available.
Properties of polycrystalline Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−γ prepared under different conditions

Abstract Polycrystalline samples of the electron-doped high- T c superconductor Nd 1.85 Ce 0.15 CuO 4−γ were prepared with different starting materials, sintering temperatures, reducing atmospheres, and cooling rates after reduction. Observations of the microstructure and measurements of X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility indicate the important effects that cationic (Ce) and atomic (O) distributions have upon the properties of this compound. A double resistive superconducting transition, attributed to small superconducting islands within grains and coupling between these islands, is an intrinsic property of this compound. Samples sintered below the eutectic temperature are composed of small grains, are porous, and have an additional phase. An inhomogeneous cationic distribution results, even when an intermediate oxide NdCeO 3.5 is used as a starting material in order to promote the diffusion of Ce into the matrix, as indicated by a large and semiconducting electrical resistivity, a broad resistive transition, and a small diamagnetic susceptibility. For these samples, the oxygen distribution has a pronounced effect on the resistive transition, with a more non-equilibrium distribution resulting in higher transition temperatures. On the other hand, samples sintered above the eutectic temperature, and therefore with a liquid phase present, have larger grains and are dense. Their properties are relatively insensitive to the oxygen distribution, which is inhomogeneous across the entire sample, while the Ce distribution is more uniform, as indicated by a small and nearly metallic electrical resistivity, a sharper resistive transition, and a larger diamagnetic susceptibility. In addition, those samples prepared with the intermediate oxide have higher transition temperatures. Implications of the granularity of electron-doped compounds on the small diamagnetic contribution and also the absence of the peak in the specific heat at the superconducting transition are briefly discussed.
High spectral resolution UV to near-IR observations of Mars using HST/STIS

Abstract We acquired high spectral and spatial resolution hyperspectral imaging spectrometer observations of Mars from near-UV to near-IR wavelengths (∼300 to 1020 nm) using the STIS instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope during the 1999, 2001, and 2003 oppositions. The data sets have been calibrated to radiance factor ( I / F ) and map-projected for comparison to each other and to other Mars remote sensing measurements. We searched for and (where detected) mapped a variety of iron-bearing mineral signatures within the data. The strong and smooth increase in I / F from the near-UV to the visible that gives Mars its distinctive reddish color indicates that poorly crystalline ferric oxides dominate the spectral properties of the high albedo regions (as well as many intermediate and low albedo regions), a result consistent with previous remote sensing studies of Mars at these wavelengths. In the near-IR, low albedo regions with a negative spectral slope and/or a distinctive ∼900 nm absorption feature are consistent with, but not unique indicators of, the presence of high-Ca pyroxene or possibly olivine. Mixed ferric–ferrous minerals could also be responsible for the ∼900 nm feature, especially in higher albedo regions with a stronger visible spectral slope. We searched for the presence of several known diagnostic absorption features from the hydrated ferric sulfate mineral jarosite, but did not find any unique evidence for its occurrence at the spatial scale of our observations. We identified a UV contrast reversal in some dark region spectra: at wavelengths shorter than about 340 nm these regions are actually brighter than classical bright regions. This contrast reversal may be indicative of extremely “clean” low albedo surfaces having very little ferric dust contamination. Ratios between the same regions observed during the planet-encircling dust storm of 2001 and during much clearer atmospheric conditions in 2003 provide a good direct estimate of the UV to visible spectral characteristics of airborne dust aerosols. These HST observations can help support the calibration of current and future Mars orbital UV to near-IR spectrometers, and they also provide a dramatic demonstration that even at the highest spatial resolution possible to achieve from the Earth, spectral variations on Mars at these wavelengths are subtle at best.
Family environment in families with versus families without parental bipolar disorder: a preliminary comparison study.

Objectives: To compare family environmental characteristics of families with at least one bipolar parent and families with parents without any Axis I disorder. Methods: Family environment of 24 families with at least one parent with bipolar disorder (BPD) and 27 families with healthy parents (healthy families, HF) were assessed using the Family Environment Scale (FES). We compared FES subscale scores between BPD and HF. We also compared FES normative scores with scores of BPD families. Results: Seventeen (71%) of the 24 BPD families had at least one child with a mood disorder and one (3.7%) of the 27 HF had a child with a mood disorder. Families with BPD reported lower cohesion (p = 0.009) and expressiveness (p = 0.03) scores compared with HF, after controlling for group socioeconomic status differences. Bilineal BPD families had higher cohesion scores than unilineal BPD families (p = 0.05). We found no significant differences in any subscales between BPD families with (n = 9) versus without (n = 15) children with BPD. Compared with normative FES data BPD families reported lower cohesion (C) (p = 0.02) and independence (IND) (p = 0.004) scores and higher conflict (CON) (p = 0.02), intellectual-cultural orientation (ICO) (p = 0.05), moral-religious emphasis (MRE) (p < 0.001) and control (CTL) (p < 0.001) scores. Conclusion: Our results suggest that members of BPD families may have difficulty communicating effectively with one another, suggesting that interventions aimed at improving this may be beneficial to patients with BPD. Results suggest that the impact of different lifestyles in different communities may influence FES scores, and thus it is important to use demographically matched comparison groups.
A Lack of Effect of Bursa Size on Disease Resistance and Antibody Production

Abstract WHITE LEGHORN type chicks have larger bursa weights than many other breeds, (Glick, 1955; Jaap, 1958) and are more resistant to a number of diseases, heat stress, and the effects of feed deficiencies. (Hutt, (1958) Since the bursa is concerned with production of antibody, Jaap (1958) suggested that the greater efficiency of the Leghorn may be related to its larger bursa size. Sadler and Glick (1962) demonstrated higher antibody titres in lines of birds having larger bursas, a finding difficult to reconcile with Warner and Szenberg’s (1962) that in hormonally bursectomised birds having even a small amount of residual lymphoid tissue almost normal antibody production occurred. In view of this discrepancy it was decided to investigate this problem by comparing the resistance to infection with live S. pullorum and the production of antibody to S. typhimurium antigen of birds from a line selected for large bursa size with the performance …
Amicus Curiae and the Role of Information at the Supreme Court

Conventional wisdom holds that amicus briefs provide the Supreme Court with information that is not otherwise supplied by litigants and that the Court finds this information useful. While several studies explore the information that amici contribute to the Court in certain notable cases, judicial scholars have no systematic knowledge regarding the nature of information furnished by amici or the Court's use of it in its opinions. We argue that amici curiae briefs are important because they reduce informa tion problems at the Court by helping the justices anticipate the impact of their opinions. To test conventional wisdom, we examined all party briefs on the merits and amicus briefs filed in the 1992 term. We found that the conventional wisdom is largely inaccurate. First, amicus briefs often con tribute unique arguments, but they also commonly reiterate their party's brief. Second, the Court's majority opinions are not more likely to use ar guments from amicus briefs that offer new information. In fact, t...
Pituitary hormone response to cigarette smoking

Nausea was induced by having subjects smoke two high nicotine cigarettes in quick succession. Plasma levels of prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin, growth hormone, arginine vasopressin, and neurophysin I increased without changes in thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, or follicle stimulating hormone. Nausea and pituitary hormone release correlated with high nicotine intake (smoking 2.87 mg nicotine cigarettes) but did not occur during lower nicotine intake (smoking 0.48 mg nicotine cigarettes). Individual differences in nausea and related hormonal responses may provide an objective method for predicting receptivity to smoking.
Factors Associated with a Patient-Centered Medical Home Among Children with Behavioral Health Conditions

At some point in their lives, nearly one-half of all American children will have a behavioral health con- dition. Many will not receive the care they need from a fragmented health delivery system. The patient-centered medical home is a promising model to improve their care; however, little evidence exists. Our study aim was to examine the association between several behavioral health indicators and having a patient-centered medical home. 91,642 children's parents or guardians completed the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health. An indicator for patient-centered medical home was included in the dataset. Descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and multivariate regression models were used in the analyses. Children in the sample were mostly Male (52 %), White (78 %), non- Hispanic (87 %), and did not have a special health care need (80 %). 6.2 % of the sample had at least one behav- ioral health condition. Conditions ranged from ADHD (6 %) to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (1 %). Fre- quency of having a patient-centered medical home also varied for children with a behavioral health condition (49 % of children with ADHD and 33 % of children with ASD). Frequency of having a patient-centered medical home decreased with multiple behavioral health conditions. Higher severity of depression, anxiety, and conduct disor- der were associated with a decreased likelihood of a patient-centered medical home. Results from our study can be used to target patient-centered medical home interven- tions toward children with one or more behavioral health conditions and consider that children with depression, anxiety, and conduct disorder are more vulnerable to these disparities.
Perennial Crop Supply Response: A Kalman Filter Approach

A state-space model for perennial crop supply response is developed. New plantings and removals depend on the existing age structure of the crop and expected values for future prices and other exogenous variables. Acreage in individual age categories evolves depending upon existing acreage, new plantings, and removals. The Kalman filter and an iterative parameter search provide maximum-likelihood estimates of the unknown parameters and age group acreages from observed data on total acreage and production. An empirical application for alfalfa shows that existing acreage has differential impacts on new plantings and removals depending upon age.
Effect of critical illness and nutritional support on mucosal mass and function

T. M. LARA, D. O. JACOBS Laboratory for Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (Correspondence to: DO J, Associate Professor of Surgery, Director of the Metabolic Support Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Metabolic Support Service, Department of General Surgery, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA)
Flow-injection column preconcentration directly coupled with electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of aluminium. Comparison of column packing materials

Abstract A method has been developed for the determination of endogenous levels of aluminium (>1 μ l −1 ) in water samples using an automated on-line preconcentration system with flow injection coupled directly to an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer. Two preconcentration materials, 8-quinolinol immobilized on controlled-pore glass (8-Q-CPG) and Amberlite XAD-2, poly(styrene/divinyl benzene) copolymer (XAD-2) were investigated and compared. Both systems were found to be suitable for preconcentration. However, the sampling flow-rate for the 8-Q-CPG system was found to be much lower than that of the XAD-2 system, relative to the same magnitude of preconcentration. The chelating kinetics of the 8-Q-CPG system were less favourable than the adsorption kinetics of the XAD-2 system. The detection limits (3SD) varied from 15 to 40 ng l −1 , depending on the preconcentration time, with RSDs of the order of 4% for a 1 μg l −1 concentration of aluminium. The optimum concentration range for the application of the method developed was 50 ng l −1 to 3 μg l −1 . Recoveries for drinking water were in the range 100–115% for the 8-Q-CPG system and 90–100% for the XAD-2 system. The method developed was applied with varying results to the analysis of potable, fresh, river and sea water samples.
Statistical evaluation of two triggering systems: an application of conditional variance

Abstract Previous results related to measurement variances in neutron coincidence counting (NCC) indicate a disagreement between theory and experiment. In NCC, each detected neutron opens two coincidence gates and counts the number of neutrons that arrive within the allotted time period of the first neutron. Similarly, previous results for studying the alarm rate of a broadband radio-frequency collection system (to detect the radio-frequency emitted from nuclear explosions or lightning for example) are shown to lead to poor approximations for some parameter ranges. In a typical example of this type of system, the master trigger could alarm if five or more of eight sub-bands alarm within a specified time window beginning from an alarm from one or more sub-bands. We describe a simple but powerful statistical result involving conditional variance that corrects the previous results in both applications, and we demonstrate the adequacy of the results using real and simulated NCC data and simulated broadband radio-frequency data.
Giving Voice: An Inclusive Model of Instruction--A Womanist Perspective.

Marginalization occurs when one person's views are valued and voiced at the sociopolitical and historical expense of others. Understanding the individual's polyrhythmic reality gives us a way of giving voice to the multiple and varied realities found in the classroom.
Behavioral Thermoregulation in the African Yellow-Winged Bat

I observed five pairs of African yellow-winged bats (Lavia frons) in Kenya, East Africa, for 2-3 weeks each month, from 14 December 1982 through June 1983. These monogamous bats are insectivorous and territorial (Vaughan and Vaughan, 1986). Pairs usually roosted by day in the crowns of Acacia tortilis, moved to different roosts several times each day, and changed their roosting-site preferences seasonally. This report considers these movements in relation to seasonal changes in temperature, rainfall, and the phenology of A. tortilis.
Polarization performance study of a GPS antenna mounted on a small t-tail aircraft in landing position using EM modeling

On-board Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna performance is critical for GPS-based navigation aids to provide a precision approach and landing for aircrafts in airports. The GPS antenna has to meet performance requirements to achieve an acceptable level of signal detection. These requirements include upper hemispherical Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) coverage from zenith down to near horizon. This paper aims to study the polarization performance of a GPS antenna mounted on an aircraft at landing position. The antenna was mounted on the fuselage of the aircraft. Aircraft-level radiation pattern of the GPS antenna was simulated using the electromagnetic (EM) modeling abilities of the feldberechnung bei korpern mit beliebiger Oberflache (FEKO) software package. An aircraft Computer-aided Design (CAD) model was created to mimic the Bombardier Global 5000 commercial aircraft. FEKO was also used to design the standalone microstrip patch GPS antenna. Landing aircraft position was conceived via running simulations above Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) medium. The RHCP Pitch and Roll planes radiation pattern of the GPS antenna is presented. Statistical analysis for the three dimensions (3D) RHCP radiation patterns is provided. Finally, the antenna response to different polarizations is discussed.
Cueing others’ memories

Manysituationsrequireustogenerateexternalcues tosupport later retrieval from memory. For instance, wecreate file names in order to cue our memory to a file's contents, and instructors create lecture slides to remember what points to make during classes. We even generate cues for others when we remind friends of shared experiences or send colleagues a computerfilethatisnamedinsuchawaysoastoremindthem of its contents. Here we explore how and how well learners tailor retrieval cues for different intended recipients. Across three experiments, subjects generated verbal cues for a list of target words for themselves or for others. Learners generated cues for others by increasing the normative cue-to-target as- sociative strength but also by increasing the number of other words their cues point to, relative to cues that they generated for themselves. This strategy was effective: such cues sup- portedhigherlevelsofrecallfor othersthancuesgenerated for oneself. Generating cues for others also required more time than generating cues for oneself. Learners responded to the differentialdemandsofcuegenerationforothersbyeffortfully excludingpersonal,episodicknowledgeandincludingknowl-
Biomimetic Synthesis of Macroscopic-Scale Calcium Carbonate Thin Films. Evidence for a Multistep Assembly Process

Biologically controlled mineralization features an orchestrated balance among various controlling factors such as spatial delineation, template promotion, crystal growth modification and cessation, and so on. Highly ordered calcium carbonate lamellae formed in the nacreous layers of mollusk (aragonite), the foliated calcitic layers of mollusk (calcite), or the semi-nacre of brachiopods (calcite) are excellent examples of the outcome of such synergistic control. Mimicking the concerted interplay of template promotion and growth inhibition as often utilized in biomineralization, we have synthesized macroscopic and continuous calcium carbonate thin films with thickness ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 μm. The thin films were prepared at air/subphase interfaces by promoting mineral deposition with amphiphilic porphyrin templates, coupled with growth inhibition by the use of poly(acrylic acid) as a soluble inhibitor. Films formed at 22 °C were found to have a biphasic structure containing both amorphous and crystalline...
Holocene ethnobotanical and paleoecological record of human impact on vegetation in the Little Tennessee River Valley, Tennessee

Human occupation and utilization of plant resources have affected vegetation in the lower Little Tennessee River Valley of East Tennessee for 10,000 yr. Changes in Indian cultures and land use are documented by radiocarbon chronologies, lithic artifacts, ceramics, settlement patterns, and ethnobotanical remains from 25 stratified archaeological sites within the Holocene alluvial terrace. The ethnobotanical record consists of 31,500 fragments (13.7 kg) of wood charcoal identified to species and 7.7 kg of carbonized fruits, seeds, nutshells, and cultigens from 956 features. Pollen and plant macrofossils from small ponds both in the uplands and on lower stream terraces record local vegetational changes through the last 1500 to 3000 yr. Human impact increased after cultigens, including squash and gourd, were introduced ca. 4000 yr B.P. during the Archaic cultural period. Forest clearance and cultivation disturbed vegetation on both the floodplain and lower terraces after 2800 yr B.P., during the Woodland period. Permanent Indian settlements and maize and bean agriculture extended to higher terraces 1.5 km from the floodplain by the Mississippian period (1000 to 300 yr B.P.). After 300 yr B.P., extensive land clearance and cultivation by Historic Overhill Cherokee and Euro-Americans spread into the uplands beyond the river valley.
Low Voltage Excitation of Sodium

In an attempt to clarify the available data on excitation of atoms by low velocity electron impact, the author has studied the optical excitation function of the resonance lines in sodium vapor in the range from 1.8 to 4.2 volts. It is found that the excitation probability has three distinct maxima, corresponding to excitation to $3^{2}P$, $4^{2}S$ and $5^{2}S$ states. Within two-tenths of a volt of the excitation potential the probability has dropped to zero and remains at that value until a new energy level is reached. No excitation to the $3^{2}D$ appears, possibly because of the existence of a selection principle in electronic excitation.
Effects of a Kaolin-Based Particle Film on Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Studies were conducted in 1997 to evaluate the effects of the kaolin-based particle film formulation M96–018 on adults, eggs, and larvae of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). Particle film treatments significantly reduced female longevity, mating success, and number of egg masses oviposited compared with moths on untreated apple leaves in sleeve-cage and screen-cage tests. No differences in mating success or oviposition were caused by the application rates and coverage density of M96–018 on foliage. Females avoided ovipositing on particle film-treated leaves in choice tests. Larval hatch was not affected by topical application or residual exposure to M96–018. Larval weight gain and pupal weight were significantly reduced and larval mortality increased in no-choice feeding tests with M96–018. In choice tests, larvae preferred to feed on untreated leaf surfaces. The negative effects on larval development and survivorship on M96–018-treated foliage did not differ across a fourfold difference in spray application rate. A significant reduction in the number of infested shoots was found in orchard trials when M96–018 was applied before bud break in late March compared with untreated trees. No reductions in larval densities were found compared with an untreated control following prebloom and postbloom applications.
Histopathologic Examination of Vascular Patterns in Subfoveal Neovascular Membranes

Background: Subfoveal neovascular membranes cause significant visual loss in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. The frequency of post-laser treatment persistence or recurrence of subfoveal membranes in AMD is as high as 51 %. The reason for the high incidence of failure after laser treatment is unknown. The authors performed a histopathologic study of subfoveal membranes to determine the distribution of blood vessels within the neovascular complex, and to see if the blood vessel pattern would provide insight into the reason for laser treatment failure. Methods: The authors used light microscopy to examine serial sections of subfoveal membranes from six patients (4 with AMD, 2 with the ocular histoplasmosis syndrome). The data from this examination were used to create detailed two-dimensional vascular maps of each membrane. Results: The authors found that subfoveal membranes from patients with AMD and the ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, whether occurring de novo or after laser treatment, have a nonuniform distribution of blood vessels, and that large areas which include the membrane margin may be avascular. Conclusions: Using current laser treatment protocols, it is likely that avascular or poorly perfused peripheral areas of the neovascular complex would be left untreated after laser photocoagulation. Partial treatment of the neovascular complex may contribute to the high rate of post-laser treatment persistence or recurrence of subfoveal membranes.
Stochastic gradient based third-order Volterra system identification by using nonlinear Wiener adaptive algorithm

The nonlinear Wiener stochastic gradient adaptive algorithm for third-order Volterra system identification application with Gaussian input signals is presented. The complete self-orthogonalisation procedure is based on the delay-line structure of the nonlinear discrete Wiener model. The approach diagonalises the autocorrelation matrix of an adaptive filter input vector which dramatically reduces the eigenvalue spread and results in more rapid convergence speed. The relationship between the autocorrelation matrix and cross-correlation matrix of filter input vectors of both nonlinear Wiener and Volterra models is derived. The algorithm has a computational complexity of O(M/sup 3/) multiplications per sample input where M represents the length of memory for the system model, which is comparable to the existing algorithms. It is also worth noting that the proposed algorithm provides a general solution for the Volterra system identification application. Computer simulations are included to verify the theory.
Silicon retina with correlation-based, velocity-tuned pixels

A functional two-dimensional silicon retina that computes a complete set of local direction-selective outputs is reported. The chip motion computation uses unidirectional delay lines as tuned filters for moving edges. Photoreceptors detect local changes in image intensity, and the outputs from these photoreceptors are coupled into the delay line, where they propagate with a particular speed in one direction. If the velocity of the moving edges matches that of the delay line, then the signal on the delay line is reinforced. The output of each pixel is the power in the delay line signal, computed within each pixel. This power computation provides the essential nonlinearity for velocity selectivity. The delay line architecture differs from the usual pairwise correlation models in that motion information is aggregated over an extended spatiotemporal range. As a result, the detectors are sensitive to motion over a wide range of spatial frequencies. The design of functional one- and two-dimensional silicon retinas with direction-selective, velocity-tuned pixels is described. It is shown that pixels with three hexagonal directions of motion selectivity are approximately (225 mu m)/sup 2/ in area in a 2- mu m CMOS technology and consume less than 5 mu W of power. >
Power aware variable partitioning and instruction scheduling for multiple memory banks

Many high-end DSP processors employ both multiple memory banks and heterogeneous register files to improve performance and power consumption. The complexity of such architectures presents a great challenge to compiler design. In this paper, we present an approach for variable partitioning and instruction scheduling to maximally exploit the benefits provided by such architectures. Our approach is built on a novel graph model which strives to capture both performance and power demands. We propose an algorithm to iteratively find the variable partition such that the maximum energy saving is achieved while satisfying the given performance constraint. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Studies in Andean Ocotea (Lauraceae) III. Species with Hermaphroditic Flowers and Moderately Pubescent or Glabrous Leaves Occurring Above 1000 m in Altitude

This is the third and last installment of a treatment of Andean Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae) species with hermaphroditic flowers and covers species with solid stems and moderately pubescent or glabrous leaves. Eighteen species treated are new to science: O. choquetangensis van der Werff, O. smithii van der Werff, and O. solomonii van der Werff from Bolivia, O. fusagasugensis van der Werff and O. hammeliana van der Werff from Colombia, O. condorensis van der Werff, O. limiticola van der Werff, O. longipetiolata van der Werff, and O. pichinchensis van der Werff from Ecuador, O. alveata van der Werff, O. caesifolia van der Werff, O. cuscoensis van der Werff, O. gymnoblasta van der Werff, O. latipetiolata van der Werff, and O. mollivillosa van der Werff from Peru, and O. cuspidata van der Werff, O. vergelensis van der Werff, and O. pedanomischa van der Werff from Ecuador and Peru. The well-known name O. helicterifolia (Meisn.) Hemsl. is placed in synonymy of O. macrophylla Kunth. Lectotypes are designated for O. albida Mez & Rusby, O. piurensis Mez, and O. veraguensis (Meisn.) Mez [= Sassafridium veraguense Meisn.].
BIOLOGY OF TELENOMUS CHLOROPUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) FROM EGGS OF NEZARA VIRIDULA (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) REARED ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE SOYBEAN GENOTYPES

The biology of Telenomus chloropus Thomson was studied on eggs of Nezara viridula (L.) which had been reared on the stink bug resistant soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, genotype PI 171444 and the susceptible cultivar Davis. Time of development of T. chtoropus from egg to adult emergence was not significantly different in eggs oviposited by N. viridula reared on either Davis or PI 171444. However, successful emergence of T. chloropus from host eggs was significantly lower for parasitoids that developed in eggs from N. viridula reared on PI 171444. Longevity of adult T. chloropus was not significantly different between females that were allowed or denied oviposition regardless of the genotype fed the host. Total fecundity of T. chloropus reared from eggs of N. viridula fed PI 171444 was one-half that of parasitoids from the Davis treatment. Although ovipositional patterns over the lifetime of parasitoids from the 2 treatments were similar, the mean number of progeny produced per day was significantly greater in the Davis treatment. Also, the ovipositional period of parasitoids from the PI 171444 treatment was shorter than for parasitoids from the Davis treatment.
Electrostatic solution for three-dimensional, arbitrarily-shaped conducting bodies using FE/MEI

In this paper, the open-region electrostatic conducting body problem is solved with the finite element (FE) method augmented with the measured equation of invariance (MEI) mesh-truncation technique to result in a relatively small, sparse system matrix. The applicability of the FE/MEI technique to three-dimensional bodies is demonstrated. Further, it is concluded that this method provides significant savings in terms of computer storage and execution times as compared to the conventional MoM solution.
A 900-MHz, 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS low noise amplifier with 1.2-dB noise figure

A 900-MHz single-stage low noise amplifier (LNA), requiring one external inductor and matched to 50-/spl Omega/ at both the input and output, has been implemented in a standard digital 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Measured noise figures for the LNA in package are 2 dB at 6.2 mW, 1.78 dB at 8.1 mW, 1.5 dB at 13.2 mW, and 1.2 dB at 30 mW. At 30 mW and V/sub DD/=3.0 V, the LNA has a power gain of 14.5 dB, and an IIP3 of -1 dBm. At 6.2 mW and V/sub DD/=2.7 V, the LNA has a power gain of 9.4 dB, and an IIP3 of -3.8 dBm.
Estrogen directly and specifically downregulates NaPi-IIa through the activation of both estrogen receptor isoforms (ERα and ERβ) in rat kidney proximal tubule

We have previously demonstrated that estrogen (E2) downregulates phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa and causes phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia in ovariectomized rats. In the present study, we examine...
Recovery of Functional Response in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract After Peripheral Gustatory Nerve Crush and Regeneration

Single-unit recording and transganglionic tracing techniques were used to assess the properties of, and inputs to, neurons within the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) after peripheral gu...
Realistic solar heating in urban areas: Air exchange and street-canyon ventilation

Abstract Numerical fluid flow and heat transfer simulations of a three-dimensional idealized urban environment are performed to investigate the effect of realistic non-uniform thermal forcing that is caused by solar insolation and inter-building shadowing. Simulations at different times of day are performed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and mean flow and turbulence statistics are investigated as determinants for urban canyon ventilation. The differential surface heating of the building canyon is parameterized using sets of horizontal and vertical Richardson numbers indicating atmospheric instability and solar tilt with respect to the wind direction, respectively. Roof heating, in combination with building walls and ground heating, is shown to be important in the strength and location of the canyon vortex. For example, in case of weak vertical stratification ( Ri v ) and high horizontal temperature gradient opposing the wind direction above the canyon ( Ri h ), the combination of roof heating and ground heating decreases the strength of the canyon vortex. The distribution of local convective heat transfer coefficients (CHTC) on building facets are analyzed. Throughout the day, the windward walls exhibit larger CHTCs and leeward heating enhances CHTC from the roof and windward walls. Additionally, the wall heating in the cross-stream canyon (north-south in our case) enhances the air exchange rate from the canyon, especially when the leeward wall is heated.
Pharyngeal-Cervical-Brachial Variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Investigators from National University Hospital, Singapore, review the clinical features of 13 cases of pharyngeal-cervical-brachial (PCB) variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and outline new diagnostic criteria.
Results of Spinal Fusion After Spinal Nerve Sheath Tumor Resection.

Introduction Intradural extramedullary spine tumors, approximately one-half of which are peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs), comprise two-thirds of primary spinal neoplasms. Given the rarity of PNSTs and the restricted indications for adding fusion to laminectomy for tumor resection, analyses of spinal fusion outcomes are limited. Methods Demographics, clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, extent of resection, spinal fusion, complications, and clinical follow-up were recorded retrospectively. Results A total of 221 tumors in 199 patients were identified (53 neurofibromas, 163 schwannomas, 5 malignant PNSTs); 78 patients underwent fusion (70 instrumented; 8 noninstrumented). Fusion rates were higher for extradural versus intradural lesions (60% vs. 29%; P = 0.001) and for tumors involving the cervicothoracic junction (88% vs. 31%, P Conclusions In this cohort, PNSTs in the cervical spine, spanning the cervicothoracic junction, and extradural tumors were associated with higher rates of spinal fusion. Fusion was not associated with new or worsening motor/sensory deficits, CSF leak, pseudomeningocele, wound infection, or spinal deformity. Overall, spinal fusions were well tolerated and did not increase the risk of postoperative complications.
Advanced Economies Pose Three Financial Risks to Developing Countries in 2011

As in recent years, the major risks for emerging market economies in 2011 will come not from the policies and actions of the countries themselves, but from developments in advanced economies. There are three major risks: the debt crisis in Europe and the ramifications of potential sovereign defaults, continued sluggish growth in the United States, and China's role in the so-called "currency wars" that are adversely affecting many developing countries. Many developing countries have recently become notably resilient to adverse external shocks; with good macroeconomic policies and some good luck, they may be able to weather the storm, but the United States, Europe, and China have large roles to play in their success or failure to do so.
Theoretical Particle Astrophysics

Abstract: Theoretical Particle Astrophysics The research carried out under this grant encompassed work on the early Universe, dark matter, and dark energy. We developed CMB probes for primordial baryon inhomogeneities, primordial non-Gaussianity, cosmic birefringence, gravitational lensing by density perturbations and gravitational waves, and departures from statistical isotropy. We studied the detectability of wiggles in the inflation potential in string-inspired inflation models. We studied novel dark-matter candidates and their phenomenology. This work helped advance the DoE's Cosmic Frontier (and also Energy and Intensity Frontiers) by finding synergies between a variety of different experimental efforts, by developing new searches, science targets, and analyses for existing/forthcoming experiments, and by generating ideas for new next-generation experiments.
Immunological Types of Fibrinolytic Streptococci.

In order to test the possibility of there being more than one immunological type of fibrinolytic streptococci, 40 local strains of Streptococcus hemolyticus were titrated against various specimens of normal and immune human plasma-clot. To make these titrations parallel Tillett-Garner tests1 were run with 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 dilutions of 24-hour broth filtrates of the strains in question. The maximum dilution giving distinct fibrinolysis by the end of 24 hours was recorded as approximate lytic titer for a given blood sample. A preliminary series of duplicate tests showed that the experimental error in such titrations is not greater than one dilution either way from the recorded titer.Data from 2 typical titrations are recorded in Table I. The 2 immune plasmas here recorded were drawn from convalescent cases, one of 90 days', the other of 12 months' duration.Adopting the plasma-clot Van. as the arbitrary standard, the table shows a normal range of fibrinolytic susceptibility of human blood varying...
A Multivariate Assessment of Interbreeding Between the Meadowlarks, Sturnella

of survival than males in the polygynous meadowlarks. The geographic distribution of 16 of the most intermediate specimens from the plains sympatry was such that incidence of intermediates from the Platte River drainage was two to three times higher than that for other drainage systems. Coincidentally, the flood plains of the Platte River system were the only ones examined along which magna was not more or less continuously distributed up to its westernmost point of occurrence. Along the Platte, magna was found only in several small and isolated colonies in which appropriate mate selection may have been rendered difficult by the low numbers of conspecifics and the presumed year to year instability of these colonies. Song was thought to play an important role in selection of conspecific mates. In both zones of sympatry the meadowlarks maintain interspecific territories, and song is important in territory establishment and maintenance. Yet, there has been no convergence toward a common song type in either of the zones of sympatry, despite a considerable information loss when songs are used in interspecific communication. Presumably strong selection opposing interspecific matings has maintained the remarkable differences in songs of these siblings in both areas of sympatry. [Hybridization; isolating mechanisms; meadowlark; Sturnella.]
Development of solvent-free ambient mass spectrometry for green chemistry applications.

Green chemistry minimizes chemical process hazards in many ways, including eliminating traditional solvents or using alternative recyclable solvents such as ionic liquids. This concept is now adopted in this study for monitoring solvent-free reactions and analysis of ionic liquids, solids, and catalysts by mass spectrometry (MS), without using any solvent. In our approach, probe electrospray ionization (PESI), an ambient ionization method, was employed for this purpose. Neat viscous room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in trace amounts (e.g., 25 nL) could be directly analyzed without sample carryover effect, thereby enabling high-throughput analysis. With the probe being heated, it can also ionize ionic solid compounds such as organometallic complexes as well as a variety of neat neutral solid chemicals (e.g., amines). More importantly, moisture-sensitive samples (e.g., [bmim][AlCl4]) can be successfully ionized. Furthermore, detection of organometallic catalysts (including air-sensitive [Rh-MeDuPHOS][OTf]) in ionic liquids, a traditionally challenging task due to strong ion suppression effect from ionic liquids, can be enabled using PESI. In addition, PESI can be an ideal approach for monitoring solvent-free reactions. Using PESI-MS, we successfully examined the alkylation of amines by alcohols, the conversion of pyrylium into pyridinium, and the condensation of aldehydes with indoles as well as air- and moisture-sensitive reactions such as the oxidation of ferrocene and the condensation of pyrazoles with borohydride. Interestingly, besides the expected reaction products, the reaction intermediates such as the monopyrazolylborate ion were also observed, providing insightful information for reaction mechanisms. We believe that the presented solvent-free PESI-MS method would impact the green chemistry field.
The distribution of cadmium-115m chloride, cobalt-57 bleomycin, iodine-125 human serum albumin, selenium-75 selenite and selenomethionine-75 in a rat hepatoma model: a comparison with gallium-67 citrate.

The distribution of cadmium-115m chloride, cobalt-57 bleomycin, selenium-75 selenite, selenium-75 selenomethionine and iodine-125 human serum albumin was investigated in rats bearing thigh implanted Morris 7777 hepatomas. Viable and nonviable tumor tissue were collected in order to determine the relative affinities of these radiopharmaceuticals for these tissues. Groups of animals were sacrificed at 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h following injection. Viable tumor-to-blood and muscle ratios for cadmium-115m chloride and cobalt-57 bleomycin were higher than those for gallium-67 bitrate at 4 h post-injection. The unusually high cobalt-57 bleomycin ratios for both viable and nonviable tumor were the result of very low muscle and blood values rather than high tumor uptake. Tumor-to-background ratios for iodine-125 human serum albumin, selenium-75 selenomethionine and selenium-75 selenite were inferior to those derived for cobalt-57 bleomycin or gallium-67 citrate. None of the agents included in this study compared well with gallium-67 citrate as a tumor localizing agent with the possible exception of cadmium-115m chloride and coblat-57 bleomycin at early time periods. As in most other radiopharmaceuticals studied in this model, a reversal occurred in the viable-to-nonviable tumor ratios as the time after injection increased.
Central serous chorioretinopathy after trabeculectomy in a patient with microphthalmos and congenital rubella syndrome.

Purpose:To describe a case of central serous chorioretinopathy after trabeculectomy surgery in an eye with microphthalmos in the setting of congenital rubella syndrome.Methods:A Case report with color fundus photographs, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.Resul