cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MPI Support for Multi-core Architectures: Optimized Shared Memory Collectives

With local core counts on the rise, taking advantage of shared-memory to optimize collective operations can improve performance. We study several on-host shared memory optimized algorithms for MPI_Bcast, MPI_Reduce, and MPI_Allreduce, using tree-based, and reduce-scatter algorithms. For small data operations with relatively large synchronization costs fan-in/fan-out algorithms generally perform best. For large messages data manipulation constitute the largest cost and reduce-scatter algorithms are best for reductions. These optimization improve performance by up to a factor of three. Memory and cache sharing effect require deliberate process layout and careful radix selection for tree-based methods.
Potential Differences Across Natural Membranes Separating Unlike Salt Solutions

1. When the lower epidermis of the bulb scale of the onion separates 0.1 M and 0.01 M solutions of KCl, NaCl, or LiCl a transient "concentration" potential difference was observed, whose magnitude decreased in the order: K > Na > Li. 2. The potential difference of 0.1 M : 0.01 M CaCl 2 is small and opposite in sign to that of the above chains. 3. When the epidermis separates like concentrations of chlorides of K, Na, and Li a cation "chemical" potential difference arises which is low but steady. 4. When K-salts with different anions are present on the opposite sides of the membrane, the anion "chemical" potential difference is small or lacking. 5. These facts are most simply accounted for by assuming that the epidermis is a mosaic of cation and anion permeable areas, the permeability to alkali metal cations much exceeding that for calcium ion or the anions tried. 6. It is pointed out that the cell walls may perhaps participate in the production of the bioelectric potentials observed in other plants.
On the intersection of maximalm-convex subsets

A subsetS of a real linear spaceE is said to bem-convex providedm≧2, there exist more thanm points inS, and for eachm distinct points ofS at least one of the ( 2 ) segments between thesem points is included inS. InE, letxy denote the segment between two pointsx andy. For any pointx inSυE, letS x ={y: xyυS}. The kernel of a setS is then defined as {xeS: S x=S}. It is shown that the kernel of a setS is always a subset of the intersection of all maximalm-convex subsets ofS. A sufficient condition is given for the intersection of all the maximalm-convex subsets of a setS to be the kernel ofS.
MODIFIED ANALYSIS OF NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING. I. THEORY AND p-p SCATTERING AT 310 Mev

A modified method of analyzing nucleon-nucleon scattering is discussed and applied to proton-proton scattering experiments at 310 Mev. The modified scheme is based on an explicit inclusion in all higher angular-momentum states of the terms contributed by the one-pion exchange process. This procedure is suggested by Chew's conjecture that the singularities of the scattering amplitude in the $cos\ensuremath{\theta}$ plane ($\ensuremath{\theta}$ being the scattering angle in the center-of-mass system) that are closest to the physical region are due to the one-pion exchange process and are given by the Born approximation. Or, alternatively, in terms of ranges, the one-pion exchange contribution has the longest range of the forces contributing to the nucleon-nucleon interaction and hence should be primarily responsible for the contributions to the scattering amplitude in the high angular-momentum states. Since the only parameter in the Born approximation is the pion-nucleon coupling constant, the modified scheme can also provide a determination of this coupling constant. The application of the modified scheme to $p\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering at 310 Mev indicates that the first two of the five best solutions of the conventional phase-shift analysis are more satisfactory than the others for two reasons. Firstly, their goodness-of-fit parameters improve markedly when the higher angular-momentum contributions are added, whereas those of the others remain essentially unchanged. Secondly, as a function of the coupling constant, the goodness-of-fit parameters of the first two solutions show minima close to the accepted value of the coupling constant.
Self-regulation in disability: Migraine management as action research

Coping with chronic migraine is challenging. Frequently, patients are left with few explanations and little in the way of effective treatment beyond the most popular, current medications. The resea...
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Natural Control Agents of Pests in Irrigated Maize in Nicaragua

The effect of the natural ant community as a possible source of biological control for the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and the corn leafhopper, Dalbullus maidis (De Long & Wolcott), was examined in irrigated maize, Zea mays L., in the Pacific plains of Nicaragua. By means of poison baits, ant-foraging activity was reduced in plots planted with maize and compared with control plots. Ants were found to significantly reduce fall armyworm and corn leafhopper abundance as well as damage by the fall armyworm to maize plants. The results are discussed in relation to establishing economic injury levels for the fall armyworm in irrigated maize and the possibility of incorporating ants as a component of an integrated pest management program on maize in Nicaragua.
TH-C-137-09: A Knowledge Based Implementation of a Fully Automated Treatment Planning System

Purpose: Currently, there is no effective way to automate the treatment planning process. The most common approach is to use criteria from a selected plan from a database and apply those configurations to the plan you want to work with. We proposed a direct mapping between any two given plans. We found a way to cleverly use information from one plan to the next, regardless of how different or similar they are. Methods: We have broken the entire automation process into two stages. In the first stage, we find a transformation between the two given patient. We find this transformation using the prescribed dose for the new plan and calculated dose from template plan. We apply this transformation and as a Result provide a coarse tuning. In the second stage, we use a voxel‐based penalty scheme to provide a finer tuning. The rationale behind this fine‐tuning stage is no matter how similar two plans are, there are inevitable differences we cannot account for. We evaluate this novel knowledge based system against manual planning for assessment. Results: We implemented a Visual Studio interface that automatically controls the Varian Eclipse's Beam Treatment Planning. No user intervention is needed for the entire planning duration. We compared the dose volume histogram between the automated plans and manual plan and observed nearly identical results. We also achieved up to 86x speed up between using knowledge from another plan versus starting completely from scratch. Conclusion: Knowledge based system would transform the treatment planning process into a completely automated procedure. This work has the potential to be a promising platform for developing treatment plans and afford a powerful way to reliably automate the treatment planning process. It could have major predictive value to save clinical time in developing a cancer treatment plan.
Interest Group Politics and Economic Growth in the U.S. States

Mancur Olson's model of economic growth has attracted great attention as a theoretical account of how interest groups influence the rate of economic growth over time. Moreover, the model appears to have received strong empirical support in Olson's tests employing U.S. state data. However, the specification of the Olson construct in these tests is insufficiently attentive to the complex causal chain implicit in Olson's argument, inadequately accounts for precisely how interest groups matter, and employs a static research design that obfuscates the cause-and-effect relationships posited by the model. We review these issues and develop a more complete specification of the Olson model. The respecified model is then tested using U.S. state data for the period of the late 1970s and early 1980s using new measures of interest-group influence.
Behavior of ash components of petroleum residues during thermal treatment

1. In destructive processes the organometallic compounds present in the feedstock are the least stable and begin to decompose considerably before the metal-free organic compounds. These organometallic compounds become active centers of coke formation; hence, the first portions of carboids have the highest ash contents, 2. Different metals do not pass over into the carboids simultaneously. 3. Removal of the first portions of the carboids formed in thermal treatment may give substantial reductions in the ash contents of cokes.
An Off-Design Performance Prediction Model for Low-Speed Double-Discharge Centrifugal Fans

A generalized model for mapping the trend of the performance characteristics of a double-discharge centrifugal fan is developed based on the work by Casey and Robinson (C&R) which formulated compressor performance maps for tip-speed Mach numbers ranging from 0.4 to 2 using test data obtained from turbochargers with vaneless diffusers. The current paper focuses on low-speed applications for Mach number below 0.4. The C&R model uses four non-dimensional parameters at the design condition including the flow coefficient, the work input coefficient, the tip-speed Mach number and the polytropic efficiency, in developing a prediction model that requires limited geometrical knowledge of the centrifugal turbomachine. For the low-speed fan case, the C&R formulas are further modified to apply a low-speed, incompressible analysis.The effort described in this paper begins by comparing generalized results using efficiency data obtained from a series of fan measurements to that using the C&R model. For the efficiency map, the C&R model is found to heavily depend on the ratio of the flow coefficient at peak efficiency to that at the choke flow condition. Since choke flow is generally not applicable in the low-speed centrifugal fan operational environment, an alternate, but accurate estimation method based on fan free delivery derived from the fan test data is presented. Using this new estimation procedure, the modified C&R model predicts reasonably well using the double-discharge centrifugal fan data for high flow coefficients, but fails to correlate with the data for low flow coefficients. To address this undesirable characteristic, additional modifications to the C&R model are also presented for the fan application at low flow conditions.A Reynolds number correction is implemented in the work input prediction of the C&R model to account for low-speed test conditions. The new model provides reasonable prediction with the current fan data in both work input and pressure rise coefficients. Along with the developments for the efficiency and work input coefficient maps, the use of fan shut-off and free delivery conditions are also discussed for low-speed applications.
Resolution of the paradox of red cell shape changes in low and high pH

The molecular basis of cell shape regulation in acidic pH was investigated in human erythrocytes. Intact erythrocytes maintain normal shape in the cell pH range 6.3-7.9, but invaginate at lower pH values. However, consistent with predicted pH-dependent changes in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, isolated erythrocyte membranes evaginate in acidic pH. Moreover, intact cells evaginate at pH greater than 7.9, but isolated membranes invaginate in this condition. Labeling with the hydrophobic, photoactivatable probe 5-[125I]iodonaphthyl-1-azide demonstrated pH-dependent hydrophobic insertion of an amphitropic protein into membranes of intact cells but not into isolated membranes. Based on molecular weight and on reconstitution experiments using stripped inside-out vesicles, the most likely candidate for the variably labeled protein is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Resealing of isolated membranes reconstituted both the shape changes and the hydrophobic labeling profile seen in intact cells. This observation appears to resolve the paradox of the contradictory pH dependence of shape changes of intact cells and isolated membranes. In intact erythrocytes, the demonstrated protein-membrane interaction would oppose pH-dependent shape effects of the spectrin membrane skeleton, stabilizing cell shape in moderately abnormal pH. Stabilization of erythrocyte shape in moderately acidic pH may prevent inappropriate red cell destruction in the spleen.
DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE IN HUMAN NEWBORN ADIPOSE TISSUE

Human newborn adipose tissue possesses a high degree of metabolic activity. The rates of lipolysis and glycogenolysis are elevated to provide fatty acids and glucose for the increased energy demands of extrauterine life. Both of these processes are mediated in part by cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase. The activity of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase was determined in a group of normal infants ranging in age from 2 to 72 hrs. There was a significant increase in protein kinase activity after the first day of life, 0.23 ± 0.02 nmoles 32P incorporated/mg/min in the absence and 0.41 ± 0.02 in the presence of cyclic AMP for less than 24 hrs old and 0.29 ± 0.01 in the absence and 0.54 ± 0.02 in the presence of cyclic AMP for greater than 24 hrs. However the protein kinase activity ratio, i.e. activity —cyclic AMP/activity + cyclic AMP was highest during the first 12 hrs of life indicating that the enzyme was in a highly activated state immediately after birth. The activity ratio for 6 newborns less than 12 hrs old was 0.61 ± 0.02 compared to 0.51 ± 0.01 for 4 newborns in the 13 to 24 hr age range. The effect of high concentrations of sodium chloride on the equilibrium between active and inactive protein kinase was also determined on the enzyme isolated from adult adipose tissue. Supported by NIH grant no. HD04946.
Properties of Richard Thompson’s group F related to Følner sets

The group F was invented in the 1960s by Richard Thompson, and is a subgroup of the group of all piecewise linear, orientation preserving homeomorphisms of the unit interval. R. Geoghegan has conjectured that F is an example of a finitely presented nonamenable group which has no free subgroup on two generators. In this article, we study properties of F related to amenability. We state some necessary conditions that a sequence of nonempty finite subsets of F must satisfy to be a sequence of Folner sets of F.
Diagnosis of bowel obstruction.

The over-all management of bowel obstructions including early diagnosis, has been improved considerably during the past 10 years. Early restoration of fluid and electrolyte losses, blood replacement, antibiotic therapy, early nasogastro-intestinal decompression, and prompt operative intervention (when indicated) have all contributed immeasurably to the reduction of the morbidity and mortality rates. The frequent and careful evaluation of each case plays an important part in arriving at an accurate diagnosis, which aids in the choice between conservative management or surgical intervention.
Objectivity and value judgments in the psychologies of E. L. Thorndike and W. McDougall.

Thorndike and McDougall believed that psychology should be value-free and objective. Thorndike's “objectivity” stressed scientific method, while McDougall's also included agreement among rational and sensitive observers and stressed subject matter over method. Neither succeeded in being value-free. Both valued intellect, adjustment, and self-control, accepted racist and sexist theses, and sometimes treated moral issues as scientific or technical ones. Their “objectivities” and defenses of their values are here examined critically. Though all their defenses were flawed, they are still used by both psychologists and philosophers. Some values are different in psychology today, but psychology's approach to values is not. It is argued that a value-free psychology is improbable since values are very likely to enter into the conceptualization of social behavior and traits.
Observation of the ND A 3Π—X 3Σ− Δv= +1 sequence

Abstract The line positions for rotational transitions in the A 3 Π—X 3 Σ − (1,0), (2,1), and (3,2) bands of ND are reported in a molecular beam study. These data, in conjunction with previous spectroscopic data on (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2) bands, allows calculation of the vibrational intervals in both the A 3 Π and X 3 Σ − electronic states. The derived ND spectroscopic parameters are compared with the corresponding values for NH.
Regional variations in chronic rhinosinusitis, 2003-2006

OBJECTIVES: 1. Characterize patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis on the basis of age, gender, race, diagnostic services, and medication use. 2. Evaluate regional differences in patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis.STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of cross-sectional survey data from two national databases of ambulatory medical encounters.SETTING: Not applicable.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four years (2003–2006) of data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed. Visits involving chronic rhinosinusitis were identified by using reported diagnostic codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. They were weighted to provide national estimates of care. Data were analyzed with the Pearson χ2 test using the SPSS 16.2 Complex Samples Module, taking into account the complex survey design and multiple time periods.RESULTS: A total of 4617 patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis were identified, accounting for 1.95 per...
Remote sensing using hyperspectral and polarization images

We have developed relatively compact, lightweight, programmable hyperspectral/polarization imaging systems using an acousto-optic tunable filter with different focal plane arrays to cover the spectral range from the visible to the long infrared wavelength region. Four separate imagers have been developed to cover this spectral region. In general, an AOTF is a polarization-sensitive tunable optical device. By combining it with a tunable retarder we can also collect the polarization signatures as well as the spectral signatures. We have such spectropolarimetric imagers in the visible-to-near infrared (VNIR, 0.4-1.0 micrometers ) and short wave IR (SWIS, 0.9-1.7 micrometers ) regions. A lot of remote sensing data using a VNIR spectropolarimetric imager have been analyzed using a commercial image processing software program (ENVI). In this paper we will discuss the results of this analysis. The VNIR imager was used to collect spectral and polarization data from various objects and backgrounds, both in the laboratory and in field tests. This imager uses a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and a liquid-crystal variable retardation (LCVR) plate with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The spectral images were collected from 0.45 to 1.0 micrometers with a 10 nm step, at two or four polarization settings for each spectral interval. We analyzed a portion of these data to assess the effectiveness of this system for foliage detection. Here we present our imager design, some results from our measurements and discuss the analysis results. Our results clearly show that compact, robust hyperspectral imaging systems with spectral and polarization detection capabilities will contribute significantly in a wide variety of future remote sensing applications.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Models of land use regulation adoption

Abstract Two basic models of community support for the adoption of land use controls have been developed. One model is based upon the sociological theory of innovation diffusion while the other comes from the economic theory of market failure. The relationship of each of these models to the constitutional legitimacy of land use regulation in the USA is significant, and the models may provide a theoretical framework for judicial decision making in cases where property owners affected by controls demand compensation under the taking clause of the US Constitution.
Fluorine analysis of nuclear waste glasses

A method for analyzing the fluorine content of glass using a microwave oven to digest the glass is presented. Analysis time and secondary waste generation are reduced using this method, without sacrificing accuracy.
Responses of peripheral auditory neurons to two-tone stimuli during development: II. Factors related to neural responsiveness

In an accompanying paper (Fitzakerley et al., 1994), it was demonstrated that there is a significant developmental correlation between the appearance of tuning and two-tone suppression. However, it was also found that some sharply tuned neurons meeting minimal adult standards did not exhibit suppression. Therefore, in order to investigate other factors that may be related to the demonstration of suppression in peripheral auditory neurons, the relationship of two-tone suppression with various parameters related to neural responsiveness was studied in perinatal kittens. A positive correlation was made between the observance of suppression and driven discharge rate, characteristic frequency (CF), and threshold, all properties which change significantly during the final stages of cochlear differentiation. In older animals, suppression was also observed in higher percentages of neurons having low spontaneous rates (< 1 spk/s). Suppression was evoked less often by test tones placed below CF than above CF in neurons recorded from younger animals, and was generally produced by a narrower range of test tone intensities than those recorded from adults. As a result, the conventional description of suppression as observed in peripheral auditory neurons in mature animals must be extended to include these factors when responses of immature neurons are considered.
Transitioning from a Community College to a Four-Year University

Faculty cooperation and programming contests help bridge the curriculum disconnect for transferring computer-science students.
POLARIZED X-RAY ABSORPTION NEAR EDGE STRUCTURE

Polarized measurements of oriented single crystals can be used to simplify the interpretation of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra by permitting a direct determination of the symmetry properties of a particular transition. We have utilized this technique to study the XANES spectra for several first-row transition metal complexes. Applications to the weak, 1s→3d transition, to intense near edge features, and to continuum transitions are discussed.
Accelerated degradation of junctional acetylcholine receptor-α-bungarotoxin complexes in denervated rat diaphragm

Summary [125I]α-bungarotoxin was administered to rats in vivo to label acetylcholine receptors in innervated diaphragm, 5-day denervated diaphragm, or diaphragm which had been denervated immediately before labeling. The rate of degradation of junctional toxin-receptor complexes was followed by sacrificing animals at various times after labeling. The rate of degradation of junctional toxin-receptor complexes was significantly faster in 5-day denervated left hemidiaphragm (t 1/2 = 2.0 days) than in innervated left hemidiaphragm (t 1/2 = 10.7 days). The rate of degradation of junctional toxin-receptor complexes in left hemidiaphragm denervated at the time of labeling was essentially identical to that in innervated muscle for 3 days but then increased to a significantly more rapid rate (t 1/2 = 3.7 days in the period 3–13 days after denervation and labelling). These findings support the concert that continous innervation is needed to maintain the metabolic stability of junctional acetylcholine receptors.
Decreased Expression of Cytochrome P450 mRNAs and Related Steroid Hydroxylation Activities in Hepatic Hyperplastic Nodules in Male F344 Rats

To explore the mechanism(s) underlying the relationship between expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and growth of hepatic hyperplastic nodules, mRNA of CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B1, 2B2, 2C6, 2C11, and 3A1, and CYP enzyme-mediated hydroxylation of testosterone (T), 17 beta-estradiol (E), and corticosterone (C) were determined in a group of selected large nodules from livers of male F344 rats given the modified Solt-Farber resistance protocol and compared with control and surrounding tissue. Slot-blot analysis with specific oligonucleotides showed little or no mRNA of CYP2B1, 2B2, and 2C6 in nodules, surrounding tissue, and control liver without PB treatment. Constitutive expression of CYP1A2, 2C11, and 3A1 in nodules was from 2 to 10 times less in nodules than in control liver. BP treatment increased mRNA of CYP2B1, 2B2, 2C6, 2C11, and 3A1 in control and surrounding tissue substantially, but was 3 to 11 times less in the nodules than in the control liver. Messenger RNA of CYP1A1 was not detected in either nodules or control livers independent of PB treatment. HPLC determination demonstrated a general pattern of a decrease in CYP enzyme-mediated hydroxylation of T, E, and C in the nodules relative to the surrounding tissue and control liver. The differences between nodules and control liver were usually 3 to 10-fold for the 12 metabolites detected although smaller decreases were observed for a few metabolites in some nodules. PB increased the rate of hydroxylation for 11 of the 12 metabolites and resulted in 2 additional metabolites of both T and E in control liver and some nodules. However, the general pattern of lower hydroxylation activities in the nodules relative to the surrounding tissue remained the same as that in the non-PB group. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that intracellular kinetics of endogenous CYP enzyme substrates may differ in some nodules, relative to the surrounding tissue, as a result of decreased expression of CYP genes. This difference in CYP expression pattern in turn may contribute to the selective growth and progression to cancer of certain nodules, as many endogenous CYP enzyme substrates are modulators of DNA and RNA synthesis and cellular growth and differentiation.
OPPOSING EFFECTS OF COREPRESSOR AND COACTIVATORS IN DETERMINING THE DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE OF AGONISTS, AND RESIDUAL AGONIST ACTIVITY OF ANTAGONISTS, FOR GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR-REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION

A distinguishing, but unexplained, characteristic of steroid hormone action is the dose-response curve for the regulation of gene expression. We have previously reported that the dose-response curve for glucocorticoid induction of a transfected reporter gene in CV-1 and HeLa cells is repositioned in the presence of increasing concentrations of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). This behavior is now shown to be independent of the reporter, promoter, or enhancer, consistent with our proposal that a transacting factor(s) was being titrated by added receptors. Candidate factors have been identified by the observation that changes in glucocorticoid induction parameters in CV-1 cells could be reproduced by varying the cellular levels of coactivators [transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2), steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1), and amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1)], comodulator [CREB-binding protein (CBP)], or corepressor[ silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid-hormone receptors (SMRT)] without conc...
Earnings of Kansas State University Agriculture Graduates: 1978–88

Survey data were utilized to identify salary determinants of agriculture graduates at Kansas State University. Findings include a secular decline in real annual starting salaries for Bachelor of Science degree holders. Salary determinants include major field, double major, job location, type of occupation, grade point average, sex, marital status, and highest degree earned. Implications for teaching, advising, and curricula change are discussed.
In vitro desaturation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine molecular species by chloroplast homogenates

Abstract An in vitro assay was developed for linoleic acid desaturase activities in chloroplast homogenates using exogenous radiolabelled lipid substrates. Activities were stabilized by addition of catalase to an incubation medium also supplemented with NADPH and BSA. The direct in vitro desaturation of molecular species of MGDG by chloroplast homogenates from soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana was consistent with lipid-linked desaturation proceeding without participation of acyl-CoA intermediates. Linoleic acid was also desaturated in PC substrates. 4-Chloro-5-dimethylamino-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, a herbicide known to reduce levels of linolenic acid in certain plant membrane lipids, directly inhibited in vitro desaturation of fatty acids in both MGDG and PC substrates.
FINDINGS SUGGESTIVE OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN SUBJECTS ON CHRONIC ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY.

An institutionalized population was examined under standardized conditions for physical and laboratory abnormalities seen with systemic lupus erythematosus or other connective tissue diseases. Multiple abnormalities were found in about 8 per cent of those on chronic anticonvulsant therapy and in none of those not receiving such treatment; phenobarbital was as closely related as diphenylhydantoin but the combination may be most important. The abnormalities were interpreted as reactive results of the drugs; the ability to react was considered to be restricted to a small proportion of the population. Un population de residentes de un institution esseva examinate sub conditiones standardisate pro evidentia de anormalitates physic e laboratorial del typo vidite in association con disseminate lupus erythematose o altere morbos de tissu conjunctive. Multiple anormalitates esseva trovate in circa 8 pro cento del subjectos recipiente chronic therapia anti convulsion sed in nulle del subjectos non sub tal therapia. Phenobarbital esseva correlationate non minus marcatemente que diphenylhydantoina, sed il es possibile que le combination es le factor le plus importante. Le anormalitates esseva interpretate como resultatos reactive producite per le pharmacos. Esseva opinate que le capacitate de reager esseva restringite a un micre proportion del population.
Characteristics of 92 kDa type IV collagenase/gelatinase produced by granulocytic leukemia cells: structure, expression of cDNA in E. coli and enzymatic properties

Abstract Human neutrophils can be triggered to release the collagenolytic metalloenzymes, interstitial collagenase and 92 kDa type IV collagenase/gelatinase. We have isolated and sequenced a 2.3 kb cDNA from a chronic granulocytic leukemia cDNA library that encodes for human neutrophil type IV collagenase. With the exception of one amino-acid substitution at position 280 (Arg → Gln), the deduced amino-acid sequences of neutrophil gelatinase are identical to the amino-acid sequences of the enzyme isolated from fibrosarcoma cells. Expression of the cDNA in E. coli yielded a 72 kDa protein having a gelatinolytic activity on zymogram gel. The recombinant enzyme was activated with APMA and trypsin. The activation was accompanied by a reduction in molecular weight of ≈ 10 kDa; such a reduction is characteristic of matrix metalloproteinases. The recombinant gelatinase cleaved native type V and XI collagens. Native type I collagen was not a substrate for the enzyme. These data suggest that native and recombinant 92 kDa type IV collagenase produced in E. coli have similar biochemical properties. The successful expression of the collagenase in a prokaryotic system will greatly facilitate the structure-function characterization of the enzyme and allow a more precise analysis of its physiological and pathological roles.
Effect of shot-peening on the oxidation of alloy 800H exposed to supercritical water and cyclic oxidation

Incoloy alloy 800H is an important engineering material for a variety of applications. However, the extensive oxide exfoliation of this material may suppress its life-span and potential applications. This paper presents the effect of shot-peening on the oxidation behavior of alloy 800H following exposure to supercritical water at 500 °C and 25 MPa and cyclic oxidation at 850 °C in air. The analysis indicates that the shot-peening processing produced an ultrafine-grained surface resulting in an enhanced Cr diffusivity to form Cr and Cr-rich oxides. The shot-peening processing is an effective approach, which not only improved oxidation resistance, but also mitigated oxide exfoliation on alloy 800H.
Process Development for (S,S)-Reboxetine Succinate via a Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation

Reboxetine mesylate is a selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor (NRI) currently marketed as the racemate. The (S,S)-enantiomer of reboxetine is being evaluated for the treatment of neuropathic pain and a variety of other indications. (S,S)-Reboxetine has usually been prepared by resolution of the racemate as the (−)-mandelate salt, an inherently inefficient process. A chiral synthesis starting with a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamyl alcohol to yield (R,R)-phenylglycidol was developed. (R,R)-Phenylglycidol was reacted without isolation with 2-ethoxyphenol to give 4, which was isolated by direct crystallization. Key process variables for the asymmetric epoxidation were investigated. Conversion of (R,S)-4 to reboxetine parallels the racemic synthesis with streamlined and optimized processing conditions. (S,S)-Reboxetine free base was converted directly to the succinate salt without isolation as the mesylate salt.
Coulomb gap in a doped semiconductor near the metal-insulator transition: Tunneling experiment and scaling ansatz

Electron tunneling experiments are used to probe Coulomb correlation effects in the single-particle density-of-states (DOS) of boron-doped silicon crystals near the critical density of the metal-insulator transition (MIT). At low energies, a DOS measurement distinguishes between insulating and metallic samples with densities 10 to 15 % on either side of the MIT. However, at higher energies the DOS of both insulators and metals show a common behavior, increasing roughly as the square-root of energy. The observed characteristics of the DOS can be understood using a classical treatment of Coulomb interactions combined with a phenomenological scaling ansatz to describe the length-scale dependence of the dielectric constant as the MIT is approached from the insulating side.
Growth patterns of a stream vertebrate differ between urban and forested catchments

Summary 1. Urban development results in the decline of amphibian density and species richness. A logical next step towards understanding why urbanisation negatively impacts amphibians is to track species-specific demographic responses to urbanisation. 2. We monitored growth of two-lined salamander (Eurycea cirrigera Green) larvae over two complete cohorts (2006 and 2007) in nine western Georgia, U.S.A. streams. 3. We found that salamanders in streams surrounded by urbanised and developing catchments hatched at the same size as their reference-stream counterparts, but achieved larger sizes within the first few months of growth. We evaluated the effect of four variables that correlate with the urban-forest gradient and found that elevated temperatures in the urban environment, coupled with decreased intraspecific competition because of lower survivorship in these same habitats, were two of the most likely explanations for increased growth rates. 4. Such an increase in growth of surviving larvae may maintain population viability in urban areas where it has been shown survival is difficult because of increased in-channel flow during flood events. Because larvae that do survive in urban streams undergo metamorphosis at large sizes, they may recoup a component of fitness (i.e. increased adult survivorship and reproduction) through growth.
Some current aspects of environmental fluoride

Abstract This review presents a Total Environment evaluation of current inorganic fluoride intake by human populations. Inorganic fluoride is a persistant bioaccumulator, and the ever-increasing use (and release) of fluoride compounds in the environment should be of long-term concern in population sub-groups who are most susceptible, and therefore, most “at risk”. One of these sub-groups consists of people with impaired kidney function, including subjects with nephropathic diabetes. The diabetes factor is of particular relevance, not only because the incidence of diabetes has increased by 6%/yr during the period 1965–1975, but also because subjects with nephropathic diabetes can exhibit a polydipsia-polyurea syndrome that results in increased intake of fluoride, along with greater-than-normal retention of a given fluoride dosage. People with inadequate dietary intakes (particularly of Ca and/or Vitamin C) are also likely to be more “at risk” as a consequence of low-dose longterm fluoride ingestion. Evidence is presented, showing that there has been an escalation in daily fluoride intake via the total human food-and-beverage chain, with the likelihood that this escalation will continue in the future. Recent observations, relating to an increasing incidence of chronic fluoride intoxication among humans, is also emphasized.
Sample size and power estimates for a confirmatory factor analytic model in exercise and sport: a Monte Carlo approach.

Abstract Monte Carlo methods can be used in data analytic situations (e.g., validity studies) to make decisions about sample size and to estimate power. The purpose of using Monte Carlo methods in a validity study is to improve the methodological approach within a study where the primary focus is on construct validity issues and not on advancing statistical theory. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how Monte Carlo methods can be used to determine sample size and to estimate power for a confirmatory factor analytic model under model-data conditions commonly encountered in exercise and sport. Because the purpose is pursued by way of demonstration with the Coaching Efficacy Scale II–High School Teams, related sample size recommendations are provided: N ≥ 200 for the theoretical model; N ≥ 300 for the population model. Technical terms (e.g., coverage) are defined when necessary.
Functional Limitations as Potential Mediators of the Effects of Self-Reported Vision Status on Fall Risk of Older Adults

OBJECTIVE: To test whether limitations in mobility and large-muscle functioning mediate self-reported vision status to increase fall risk among respondents age 65 and above. METHOD: This study used two waves from the Health and Retirement Study. We conducted binary logistic and negative binomial regression analyses to test indirect paths leading from self-reported vision status to falls, via indices of mobility and large-muscle functioning. RESULTS: Limited evidence was found for a mediating effect among women; however, large-muscle groups were implicated as partially mediating risk factors for falls among men with fair self-reported vision status. DISCUSSION: Implications of these findings are discussed including the need for prioritizing improved muscle strength of older men and women with poor vision as a preventive measure against falls. Language: en
Photoelectric Potential from Photoreceptor Cells in Ventral Eye of Limulus

Intense colored light from a gas laser evokes a photoelectric potential in the photoreceptor cells of the ventral eye of Limulus. This potential has two components, both of which have the action spectrum of a rhodopsin with an absorbancy maximum at 530 nm. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the photoelectric potential arises directly from the orderly array of rhodopsin molecules which are an integral part of the photoreceptor cell membrane.
POTENTIAL EFFECT OF NUCLEAR WAR SMOKEFALL ON SEA ICE

A large nuclear war could produce massive quantities of smoke from burning cities and industries. A portion of this smoke would fall out on Arctic sea ice, thus lowering its albedo and potentially increasing the solar energy absorbed by the ice and the snow that covers it. We use a one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model to examine the effect of ‘smokefall’ on the seasonal variation of sea ice. In particular, we test the sensitivity of the model results to the time of year, duration, and latitude of smokefall. Sea ice thickness variations and the period of summer ice-free conditions are sensitive to the season of smokefall. The largest sea ice perturbations are generated by smokefall in spring. In this case the period of ice-free conditions during the summer can increase by 2 – 3.5 months between 67.5° N and 82.5° N. In any given season, the annual cycle of sea ice is not very sensitive to the duration of smokefall. The equilibrium annual cycle of sea ice variation is restored within a few years of smokefall when the smoke is flushed out of the ice/snow system. Since the sea ice model used here is not a comprehensive global climate model, it is difficult to predict the mid-latitude climate effects of the massive, but temporary, Arctic sea ice changes. However, our results suggest that future global climate model simulations of the effects of nuclear war smoke include interactive sea ice calculations.
A DNA polymerase in liver nuclei whose activity rises with DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy.

Abstract Rat liver nuclei contain at least two DNA polymerases that can be separated by extracting the nuclei with 5% Brij 58. The loosely-bound activity increases little or not at all after partial hepatectomy and is insensitive to cytosine arabinoside triphosphate (araCTP). The tightly-bound enzyme activity rises along with DNA replication and is inhibited by araCTP.
Pyrolysis of benzyl ether under hydrogen starvation conditions

Abstract Pyrolysis of dibenzyl ether at 450 °C, without added hydrogen, produces toluene and benzaldehyde as the major low-molecular-weight products. Additionally, carbon monoxide, biphenyl, diphenylmethane, diphenylethane, and benzyl toluenes are formed in significant amounts via secondary reaction pathways. In the absence of added hydrogen, increasing reaction severity (residence time) leads to growth/polymerization reactions ultimately leading to coke. Moderate-pressure molecular hydrogen, as an added reagent, inhibits, to some extent, the polymerization pathway.
Thermally Induced Gelation of Native and Modified Egg White‐Rheological Changes During Processing; Final Strengths and Microstructures

The heat-induced gelation of native egg white (EW) and egg white modified with succinic anhydride (SEW) or oleic acid (OEW), by addition of 15 moles of reagent/50000g protein, was evaluated. Rigidity modulus (G) and mechanical energy damping were continuously monitored during heating of the samples from 5 - 95°C in a nondestructive temperature-controlled thermal scanning rigidity monitor (TSRM). A measurable increase in G and decrease in energy damping were observed at lower temperatures for OEW than for EW. In SEW the measurable rheological transitions occurred at the highest temperature ranges. Failure strength of the cooked products (gels) evaluated using torsion and uniaxial compression tests revealed large differences due to treatments. Micrographs of gels showed apparent structural differences among treatments.
1⧸N expansion for the lattice Anderson model

Abstract The lattice Anderson Hamiltonian is studied at f = 0 using a “slave boson” 1⧸N expansion. Infrared divergences are discussed and found to cancel in physical quantities. The Wilson ratio, the compressibility, spin-compensation in the ground state, the spin-spin correlation function, and the frequency dependent conductivity are calculated.
New material of Natchitochia jonesi and a comparison of the innominata and locomotor capabilities of Protocetidae

New material of Natchitochia from the Bartonian Archusa Marl Member is described here, including thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, an innominate, proximal femur, and pedal? phalanx. The vertebrae and innominate are similar to those of Qaisracetus and Georgiacetus. The structure of the caudal vertebrae support previous observations that as sacral vertebrae disconnect from the sacrum, they become caudalized, developing hemal processes on the posteroventral margins of the bodies, reminiscent of chevron bones associated with true caudal vertebrae. The innominate of Natchitochia shares an elongate ilium and pubis with Qaisracetus and Georgiacetus, which differ from the innominata of the more apomorphic archaeocetes. Comparison of archaeocete innominata and sacra in a phylogenetic context indicates that the apomorphic sacrum composed of 4 vertebrae (Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rodhocetus, Maiacetus) was reduced to 3 (Qaisracetus) to 2 (Protocetus?, Natchitochia) to 0 (Georgiacetus, Basilosauridae), while the innominata remained robust, supporting a large hind limb until the origin of the Basilosauridae. In Georgiacetus, the innominate is large but detached from the vertebral column, preventing the use of the hind limb in terrestrial locomotion. More crownward cetaceans for which the innominate is known display greatly reduced innominata and hind limbs are disconnected from the vertebral column.
Use of Stabilized Inverse Propensity Scores as Weights to Directly Estimate Relative Risk and Its Confidence Intervals

ABSTRACT Objectives Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) has been used in observational studies to reduce selection bias. For estimates of the main effects to be obtained, a pseudo data set is created by weighting each subject by IPTW and analyzed with conventional regression models. Currently, variance estimation requires additional work depending on type of outcomes. Our goal is to demonstrate a statistical approach to directly obtain appropriate estimates of variance of the main effects in regression models. Methods We carried out theoretical and simulation studies to show that the variance of the main effects estimated directly from regressions using IPTW is underestimated and that the type I error rate is higher because of the inflated sample size in the pseudo data. The robust variance estimator using IPTW often slightly overestimates the variance of the main effects. We propose to use the stabilized weights to directly estimate both the main effect and its variance from conventional regression models. Results We applied the approach to a study examining the effectiveness of serum potassium monitoring in reducing hyperkalemia-associated adverse events among 27,355 diabetic patients newly prescribed with a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor. The incidence rate ratio (with monitoring vs. without monitoring) and confidence intervals were 0.46 (0.34, 0.61) using the stabilized weights compared with 0.46 (0.38, 0.55) using typical IPTW. Conclusions Our theoretical, simulation results and real data example demonstrate that the use of the stabilized weights in the pseudo data preserves the sample size of the original data, produces appropriate estimation of the variance of main effect, and maintains an appropriate type I error rate.
Multiple paternity in the freshwater snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum

Mating multiply may incur costs, such as exposure to predators and to sexually transmitted diseases. Nevertheless, it may be favored, in spite of these costs, as a way to increase the genetic diversity of offspring through fertilization by multiple males. Here, we tested for multiple paternity in a freshwater snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum), which is host to several species of sterilizing trematode worms. Using microsatellites markers, we found multiple paternity in two different snail populations, with as many as seven males fertilizing a single female. In addition, high evenness of sire fertilization was found within individual broods. Multiple paternity can occur for a variety of reasons; however, given that these populations experience high risk of infection by a sterilizing trematode, one potential explanation may be that multiple paternity and high evenness of sire fertilizations increase the chances of the production of parasite-resistant offspring.