cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of acute cerebral ischemia for anticoagulant therapy: Computed tomography or lumbar puncture

Of 217 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute stroke 23% had nonischemic lesions diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) or lumbar puncture (LP). CT demonstrated all 37 cases of intracerebral hemorrhagic lesions; 9 were detected by LP. CT failed to demonstrate 8 of 17 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, but only 1 of these lacked headache or stiff neck. In 7 of 342 patients who were treated with anticoagulants after LP, spinal hematoma followed LP (5 with paraparesis). CT evaluation reduced the incidence of fatal cerebral hemorrhage during anticoagulant therapy of acute stroke. However, even if patients were evaluated with both CT and LP, the incidence of fatal cerebral hemorrhage resulting from intravenous anticoagulant therapy was 2.4%.
Effect of marine boundary layer clouds on tropospheric chemistry as analyzed in a regional chemistry transport model

[1] A regional chemistry transport model is used to investigate whether clouds affect tropospheric species concentrations, particularly ozone. This study focuses on boundary layer clouds in a 20° by 20° region centered over Hawaii. We find that O3 is depleted by 6% in the cloud-capped boundary layer during a 120-hour integration period. The O3 loss rate is calculated to be 320 pptv d−1 for the region, which was dominated by low NOx ( 4.5 the superoxide ion is favored, and therefore reaction of superoxide and ozone in the cloud drops increases. We discuss the importance of including transport and physical processes (e.g., deposition) on the O3 loss rate. We find that O3-rich air is transported into the marine boundary layer via subsidence and diffusion, allowing for more O3 to be depleted in an absolute sense compared to when transport and physical processes do not occur. However, the relative change in O3 is smaller in the boundary layer when transport and physical processes are included because large eddies, which are represented by vertical diffusion in the model, maintain relatively high background O3 levels in the boundary layer.
USING RIGID-BODY DYNAMICS TO MEASURE JOINT STIFFNESS

Abstract A new method for joint stiffness determination has been developed, with applications in tool/toolholder interfaces. Based upon rigid-body dynamics and frequency response function (FRF) measurements, the method allows simultaneous determination of stiffness components in six coordinate directions (three translations, three rotations), resulting in a 6×6 stiffness matrix for the joint. The method circumvents several limitations of many common test procedures, including the requirement for large force application and the restriction of single-direction measurements. Inertia properties of the joined test pieces, easily calculated due to their simple geometry, are used along with FRF data to tune the model, and to determine the forces and moments acting through the joint. This information is combined with relative displacement measurements (derived from measured acceleration data) to determine the stiffness matrix. The product of simple and well-established impact testing techniques, the results validate the procedure as a straight-forward approach for isolating a joint's dynamics and measuring its elastic properties. The procedure is demonstrated on a sample tool/toolholder interface, and the stiffness results are reported.
The psychological impact of technology from a global perspective: A study of technological sophistication and technophobia in university students from twenty-three countries

Abstract This study examined technological sophistication and the level of technophibia in 3,392 first year university students in 38 universities from 23 countries. Technological sophistication was measured by the use of consumer technology (video-cassette recorders, microwave ovens, automated banking machines, computer/video games), university computing (classroom computers, word processing, programming languages, and library computers) and computer ownership. Technophobia was assessed by instruments measuring anxiety, cognitions and attitudes toward computer technology. Results indicated that many countries showed a majority of technophobic students while others showed very few technophobes. Consistent with expectations from prior research, age and gender were only mildly correlated with technophobia in less than one-fourth of the countries and computer/technology experience was negatively related to technophobia in the majority of country samples. Male students had more computer/technology experience than female students in half the samples. Technological sophistication varied greatly. A Discriminant Function Analysis indicated that two variables, a composite computer/technology experience measure and a composite technophobia score, were sufficient to provide maximal discrimination between the 23 country samples. Differences between country sample placement on this two-dimensional representation are discussed as a function of public attitudes toward technology, cultural characteristics, political climate, computer use in the educational system and general availability of technological innovations.
STEREOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE 1-CHLORO-1- PHENYL-2,5-DIMETHYL-2-PHOSPHOLENIUM ION AND DERIVED OXIDE AND PHOSPHINE

Abstract The cycloaddition of phenylphosphonous dichloride and trans, trans-2,4-hexadiene, or the addition of chlorine to trans-1-phenyl-cis-2,5-dimethyl-3-phospholene, gave 1-chloro-1-phenyl-2,5-dimethyl-2-phospholenium chloride. This compound shows no evidence in its 31P and 1H nmr spectra for the existence of cis, trans isomers, yet on hydrolysis or dehalogenation with magnesium the resulting oxide and phosphine, respectively, are seen to be isomer mixtures. This phenomenon is explained by a rapid equilibration of the cis, trans form of the I-chloro ion through a pentacovalent species. Structures of the oxides and phosphines were assigned by 1H and 13C nmr relations. The 1-phenyl-cis-2,5-dimethyl-3-phospholenium ion and related compounds were also characterized.
Strain effect in large silicon nanocrystal quantum dots

We present a computer simulation of strain effects on the electronic spectrum of 100 A diam Si nanocrystal (nc-Si) quantum dots embedded in SiO2, based on the continuum strain model and deformation potential theory. We show that the coupling between the nc-Si geometry and the symmetry generated by the strain potential can enhance confinement in the quantum dot and can lift the degeneracy of the conduction band valleys for nonspherically symmetric nanocrystals.
Charge-Coupled Device Advances For X-Ray Scientific Applications In 1986

A theoretical model is presented that predicts the output response of a thinned CCD to soft x-ray spectra. The model simulates the four fundamental parameters that ultimately limit CCD performance: quantum efficiency, charge collection efficiency, charge transfer efficiency, and read noise. Simulated results are presented for a wide variety of CCD structures, and general conclusions are presented about achieving a practical balance of sensitivity, energy, and spatial resolution for an Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) instrument. We compare the results of the analysis to existing state-of-the-art CCDs and project improvements that will be made in the near future.
A developmentally regulated basic-leucine zipper-like gene and its expression in embryonic retina and lens.

Abstract Transcriptional regulators play important roles in the control of key developmental events. We have identified sw3-3, a likely candidate for such a function, in tissues of the eye and other neural organs. It encodes a basic-leucine zipper-like protein, in which two leucine zipper motifs flank a basic domain. The latter contains helix-disturbing amino acids such as glycine and proline, at positions occupied by conserved asparagine and alanine residues (respectively) in "conventional" basic-leucine zipper proteins. sw3-3 is widely expressed at early embryonic stages in the lens, retina, and other neural tissues and is down-regulated thereafter with a spatial and temporal pattern that correlates with the cessation of mitotic activity and the onset of cell migration and differentiation.
Alprazolam as an Alternative to Low‐Dose Haloperidol in Older, Cognitively Impaired Nursing Facility Patients

OBJECTIVES: To determine if alprazolam is equally as effective as low dose haloperidol in managing disruptive behavioral episodes associated with delirium, dementia, and amnesic and other cognitive disorders (formerly called organic mental syndromes). SETTING: Twenty-five community nursing homes in western Washington. PARTICIPANTS: Older nursing home residents (N = 48) receiving a low-dose neuroleptic for the treatment of agitation and behavioral disturbances. INTERVENTION: Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of alprazolam and low dose haloperidol. Data were gathered at baseline and at the end of 6 and 12 weeks from direct observation and from clinical forms completed routinely by trained nurses. MEASUREMENTS: Number of behavioral episodes, activities of daily living as measured by the Blessed Dementia Scale, extrapyramidal symptoms as measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), and psychopathology as measured by the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) and the Sandoz Clinical Assessment - Geriatric (SCAG) scales RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed between patients using haloperidol or alprazolam in terms of behavioral episodes per week. Further, with few exceptions, no significant differences were found in other outcome scales. Essentially the same findings were found when analyses were repeated for subgroups of patients with high levels of cognitive impairment and for patients with low and high levels of recorded problematic behavioral episodes. Alprazolam was as effective as low dose haloperidol in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 46:620–625, 1998.
Existence of infinitely many critical values of some nonsymmetric functionals

Abstract This paper studies the existence and multiplicity results for semi-linear elliptic equations −Δu = q(x)¦u¦ p − 1 u + h(x) in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω . Here Ω is a smooth bounded domain in R N , q ϵ C 1 ( \ gW) is positive somewhere. We show that for some p and h given, the above equation has infinitely many solutions.
Campaign Contributions and Legislative Voting in the California Assembly

In this article the authors test for the influence of campaign contributions from economic interest groups on legislative voting in the California Assembly. California does not restrict the size of...
Inhibition of the Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Stress during Deprivation-Induced Feeding

Plasma corticosterone and plasma and pituitary ACTH concentrations were determined during feeding and after application of an acute stress at various times after food and water presentation to male rats maintained on a restricted feeding and watering schedule. Both plasma corticosterone and ACTH concentrations fell after the presentation of food and water, and this fall was accompanied by increased levels of ACTH in the pituitary gland. In addition, a rise in plasma levels of ACTH was inhibited in response to an acute stress applied at 0-5 min after presentation of food and water, but ACTH synthesis was not. This inhibition of ACTH and corticosterone secretion in response to stress was transient and dissipated as a relatively linear function of the interval between food presentation and application of the stress. The results suggest that this feeding-induced, corticosteroid-independent inhibition of pituitary-adrenal activity involves active inhibitory mechanisms operating initially on ACTH secretory processes of the pituitary and later on the synthesis of ACTH or on the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor.
Color discrimination in schizophrenia

Neuropsychiatric conditions that involve dopaminergic depletion have been associated with color discrimination deficits along the blue-hue (tritan, or short-wavelength-sensitive) axis. Because dopamine dysregulation may be a major factor in schizophrenia, we investigated color vision in this disorder. The performance of males with schizophrenia (SZ, n = 16) and normal male control subjects (CS, n = 14) was evaluated on five measures of color discrimination. SZ made more hue discrimination errors than CS, but no pattern emerged regarding a hue-specific axis of deficit. Dosage of anti-psychotic medication was not correlated with performance on hue discrimination. These results suggest that in medicated patients with schizophrenia, the dopaminergic disturbance, which may involve system hyperactivity, does not produce tritan-specific color deficits that have been observed in disorders involving dopaminergic hypoactivity.
Regulation of Lean Mass, Bone Mass, and Exercise Tolerance by the Central Melanocortin System

Signaling via the type 4-melanocortin receptor (MC4R) is an important determinant of body weight in mice and humans, where loss of function mutations lead to significant obesity. Humans with mutations in the MC4R experience an increase in lean mass. However, the simultaneous accrual of fat mass in such individuals may contribute to this effect via mechanical loading. We therefore examined the relationship of fat mass and lean mass in mice lacking the type-4 melanocortin receptor (MC4RKO). We demonstrate that MC4RKO mice display increased lean body mass. Further, this is not dependent on changes in adipose mass, as MC4RKO mice possess more lean body mass than diet-induced obese (DIO) wild type mice with equivalent fat mass. To examine potential sources of the increased lean mass in MC4RKO mice, bone mass and strength were examined in MC4RKO mice. Both parameters increase with age in MC4RKO mice, which likely contributes to increases in lean body mass. We functionally characterized the increased lean mass in MC4RKO mice by examining their capacity for treadmill running. MC4R deficiency results in a decrease in exercise performance. No changes in the ratio of oxidative to glycolytic fibers were seen, however MC4RKO mice demonstrate a significantly reduced heart rate, which may underlie their impaired exercise performance. The reduced exercise capacity we report in the MC4RKO mouse has potential clinical ramifications, as efforts to control body weight in humans with melanocortin deficiency may be ineffective due to poor tolerance for physical activity.
Visualization requirements of engineers for risk assessment of embankment dams

Aging infrastructure in the US has gained quite a bit of attention in the past decade. Being one type of a critical infrastructure, embankment dams in the US require significant investment to upgrade the deteriorated parts. Due to limited budgets, understanding the behavior of structures over time through risk assessment is essential to prioritize dams. During the risk assessment for embankment dams, engineers utilize current and historical data from the design, construction, and operation phases of these structures. The challenge is that during risk assessment, various engineers from different disciplines (e.g., geotechnical, hydraulics) come together, and how they would like to visualize the available datasets changes based on the discipline-specific analyses they need to perform. The objective of this research study is to understand the discipline-specific visualization needs of engineers from US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) who are involved in risk assessment of embankment dams when they deal with large set of data accumulated since the inception of dams. The requirements were identified through a three-phased research approach including interviews with engineers who are regularly involved in risk assessment processes, a card game and review of standards and published work on risk assessment of embankment dams. This paper provides the findings of research conducted with engineers coming from different disciplines within USACE. Findings comprise discipline-specific visualization requirements of engineers for viewing large datasets, containing static data (e.g. design information) and time-series data (e.g. piezometer data, monument measurements etc.), accumulated since the inception of dams. The findings suggest that the visualization of the dam layout, components and geometry within 3D settings overlaid with sensor data (which could be queried based on engineers’ discipline-specific needs) and data analytics results provide a better flexibility to engineers to understand the risk associated with potential failure modes.
Earthquake clusters in southern California II: Classification and relation to physical properties of the crust

[1] This is a second paper in a study of statistical identification and classification of earthquake clusters using a relocated catalog of 1981–2011 seismicity in southern California and synthetic catalogs produced by the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model. Here we focus on classification of event families—statistically significant clusters composed of foreshocks, mainshocks, and aftershocks—that are detected with the methodology discussed in part I of the study. The families are analyzed using their representation as time oriented tree graphs. The results (1) demonstrate that the clustering associated with the largest earthquakes, m > 7, is statistically different from that of small-to-medium earthquakes; (2) establish the existence of two dominant types of small-to-medium magnitude earthquake families—burst-like and swarm-like sequences—and a variety of intermediate cluster forms obtained as a mixture of the two dominant types; (3) suggest a simple new quantitative measure for identifying the cluster type based on its topological structure; (4) demonstrate systematic spatial variability of the cluster characteristics on a scale of tens of kilometers in relation to heat flow and other properties governing the effective viscosity of a region; and (5) establish correlation between the family topological structure and a dozen of metric properties traditionally considered in the literature (number of aftershocks, duration, spatial properties, b-value, parameters of Omori-Utsu and Bath law, etc.). The burst-like clusters likely reflect highly brittle failures in relatively cold regions, while the swarm-like clusters are likely associated with mixed brittle-ductile failures in regions with relatively high temperature and/or fluid content. The results of this and paper I may be used to develop improved region-specific hazard estimates and earthquake forecasts.
A Riccati equation for block-diagonalization of ill-conditioned systems

A simple transformation, originally introduced for singularly perturbed systems, is now applicable to a larger class of time-invariant systems.
The Anomalous Codeposition of Iron‐Nickel Alloys

The dependence of the anomalous codeposition of iron‐nickel alloys on the pH at the cathode surface is investigated. An equation is derived to evaluate the surface pH as a function of bulk pH, rate of hydrogen evolution, buffer concentration, and diffusion conditions. The results obtained on rotating disk electrodes show that anomalous codeposition is due to a suppression of nickel discharge and that suppression occurs only when the surface pH is high enough to cause hydroxide formation. A type of mechanism is proposed by which the adsorption of ferrous hydroxide suppresses the deposition of nickel but permits a high rate of iron discharge. Experimental results which support this mechanism are discussed. This type of mechanism could be of general importance for other systems exhibiting anomalous codeposition.
A polynomial time algorithm for optimizing join queries

The dynamic programming algorithm for query optimization has exponential complexity. An alternative polynomial time algorithm, the IK-KBZ algorithm, is severely limited in the queries it can optimize. Other algorithms have been proposed, including the greedy algorithm, iterative improvement, and simulated annealing. The AB algorithm, which combines randomization and neighborhood search with the IK-KBZ algorithm, is presented. The AB algorithm is much more generally applicable than IK-KBZ, has polynomial time and space complexity, and produces near optimal plans in the space of outer linear join trees. On average, it does better than the other algorithms that do not do an exhaustive search like dynamic programming. >
Human cytotrophoblast cells cultured in maternal serum progress to a differentiated syncytial phenotype expressing both human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen.

Under appropriate conditions, protease-dispersed cytotrophoblast cells from human term placenta fuse and differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast cells that express hCG. Although human placental lactogen (hPL) is also expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast in vivo, little hPL is expressed by trophoblast cells differentiated in vitro using standard tissue culture medium or keratinocyte growth medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. In this report, we demonstrate that cytotrophoblast cells fuse and differentiate to a phenotype that expresses large amounts of both hCG and hPL when cultured in medium containing maternal serum. When protease-dispersed cytotrophoblast cells were plated in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% second trimester (16-22 week) maternal serum (STMS medium), extensive cell fusion was observed by day 3 in culture. Cell fusion appeared to be essentially complete by day 6, coinciding with the peak of hCG expression and the initiation of hPL expression. The peak of hCG expression occurred between days 4-7 of an experiment; the range for maximal release of hCG was 0.1-3.7 micrograms/24 h.well when cells were plated at a density of 10(6)/well. In contrast, the peak of hPL expression occurred between days 7-11 of an experiment, and the range of maximal hPL release was 0.9-3.5 micrograms/24 h.well. Northern blot analysis indicated that the level of hPL messenger RNA (mRNA) paralleled the release of hormone. However, whereas the hCG beta-subunit mRNA paralleled the release of hCG, the hCG alpha-subunit mRNA did not, suggesting that the two genes are independently regulated. Cells cultured in nonpregnant (male or female) serum-supplemented medium also differentiated to the syncytiotrophoblast phenotype following a temporal pattern almost identical to that observed for cells cultured in STMS. However, the quantity of hormone released was at least 2-fold greater with STMS. Compared to RPMI-1640 or keratinocyte growth medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, STMS induced equal or greater expression of hCG and substantially greater expression of hPL at the level of both mRNA and protein. The extent of cell fusion, the level of hormone expression, and the regulated patterns of hormone expression suggest that cytotrophoblast cells cultured in maternal serum progress to an advanced stage of trophoblast differentiation.
Digital Library Evaluation by Analysis of User Retrieval Patterns

We propose a methodology to evaluate the impact of a Digital Library's (DL) collection and the characteristics of its user community by an analysis of user retrieval patterns. Patterns of journal and document co-retrievals are reconstructed from DL server logs and used to generate proximity data for journals and documents, resulting in a weighted relation defined over the DL document collection represented by a network of document and journals. A measure of discrepancy between user-defined measures of document impact and the Journal Citation Record (JCR) Impact Factor (IF) published by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) is used to analyze characteristics of the DL user community. A preliminary analysis of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Research Library (RL) server logs registered in 2001 demonstrates the potential of this approach.
Genetic Analysis of Yeast Sec24p Mutants Suggests Cargo Binding Is Not Co‐operative during ER Export

Many eukaryotic secretory proteins are selected for export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through their interaction with the Sec24p subunit of the coat protein II (COPII) coat. Three distinct cargo-binding sites on yeast Sec24p have been described by biochemical, genetic and structural studies. Each site recognizes a limited set of peptide motifs or a folded structural domain, however, the breadth of cargo recognized by a given site and the dynamics of cargo engagement remain poorly understood. We aimed to gain further insight into the broader molecular function of one of these cargo-binding sites using a non-biased genetic approach. We exploited the in vivo lethality associated with mutation of the Sec24p B-site to identify genes that suppress this phenotype when overexpressed. We identified SMY2 as a general suppressor that rescued multiple defects in Sec24p, and SEC22 as a specific suppressor of two adjacent cargo-binding sites, raising the possibility of allosteric regulation of these domains. We generated a novel set of mutations in Sec24p that distinguish these two sites and examined the ability of Sec22p to rescue these mutations. Our findings suggest that co-operativity does not influence cargo capture at these sites, and that Sec22p rescue occurs via its function as a retrograde SNARE.
InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy with carbon-doped base

The first N-p-n InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with p-type carbon doping in InGaAs are reported. P-type carbon doping in the InGaAs base has been achieved by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) using carbon tetrachloride (CCl/sub 4/) as the dopant source. The resulting hole concentration in the base was 1*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/. HBTs fabricated using material from this growth method display good I-V characteristics with DC current gain above 500. This verifies the ability to use carbon doping to make a heavily p-type InGaAs base of an N-p-n HBT. >
Deficiency of the Novel Exopolyphosphatase Rv1026/PPX2 Leads to Metabolic Downshift and Altered Cell Wall Permeability in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis can persist for decades in the human host. Stringent response pathways involving inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)], which is synthesized and hydrolyzed by polyphosphate kinase (PPK) and exopolyphosphatase (PPX), respectively, are believed to play a key regulatory role in bacterial persistence. We show here that M. tuberculosis poly(P) accumulation is temporally linked to bacillary growth restriction. We also identify M. tuberculosis Rv1026 as a novel exopolyphosphatase with hydrolytic activity against long-chain poly(P). Using a tetracycline-inducible expression system to knock down expression of Rv1026 ( ppx2 ), we found that M. tuberculosis poly(P) accumulation leads to slowed growth and reduced susceptibility to isoniazid, increased resistance to heat and acid pH, and enhanced intracellular survival during macrophage infection. By transmission electron microscopy, the ppx2 knockdown strain exhibited increased cell wall thickness, which was associated with reduced cell wall permeability to hydrophilic drugs rather than induction of drug efflux pumps or altered biofilm formation relative to the empty vector control. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed a metabolic downshift of the ppx2 knockdown characterized by reduced transcription and translation and a downshift of glycerol-3-phosphate levels. In summary, poly(P) plays an important role in M. tuberculosis growth restriction and metabolic downshift and contributes to antibiotic tolerance through altered cell wall permeability. IMPORTANCE The stringent response, involving the regulatory molecules inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)] and (p)ppGpp, is believed to mediate Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence. In this study, we identified a novel enzyme (Rv1026, PPX2) responsible for hydrolyzing long-chain poly(P). A genetically engineered M. tuberculosis strain deficient in the ppx2 gene showed increased poly(P) levels, which were associated with early bacterial growth arrest and reduced susceptibility to the first-line drug isoniazid, as well as increased bacterial survival during exposure to stress conditions and within macrophages. Relative to the control strain, the mutant showed increased thickness of the cell wall and reduced drug permeability. Global gene expression and metabolite analysis revealed reduced expression of the transcriptional and translational machinery and a shift in carbon source utilization. In summary, regulation of the poly(P) balance is critical for persister formation in M. tuberculosis.
Turning away from talking heads: the use of video-as-data in neurosurgery

Studies of video as a support for collaborative work have provided little hard evidence of its utility for either task performance or fostering telepresence, i.e. the conveyance of a face-to-face like social presence for remotely located participants. To date, most research on the value of video has concentrated on “talking heads” video in which the video images are of remote participants conferring or performing some task together. In contrast to talking heads video, we studied video-as-data in which video images of the workspace and work objects are the focus of interest, and convey critical information about the work. The use of video-as-data is intended to enhance task performance, rather than to provide telepresence. We studied the use of video during neurosurgery within the operating room and at remote locations away from the operating room. The workspace shown in the video is the surgical field (brain or spine) that the surgeon is operating on. We discuss our findings on the use of live and recorded video, and suggest extensions to video-as-data including its integration with computerized time-based information sources to educate and co-ordinate complex actions among distributed workgroups.
The profession of IT Computing's paradigm

Trying to categorize computing as engineering, science, or math is fruitless; we have our own paradigm.
VSched: Mixing Batch And Interactive Virtual Machines Using Periodic Real-time Scheduling

We are developing Virtuoso, u system ,for distributed computing using virtual machines (VMs). Virtuoso must be uble to mix batch und interactive VMs on the same physical hardwure, while satisfiing constraint on re- sponsiveness und compute rates for each workload. VSched is the component of Virtuoso that provides this capability. VSched is an entirely user-level tool that interacts with the stock Linux kernel running below any type-11 virtual machine monitor to schedule VMs (indeed, any process) using a periodic real-time scheduling model. This abstraction allows compute rate and responsivness constraints to be straightforwardly described using a period und a slice within the period, and it allows,for just and simple admission control. This paper makes the case,for periodic real-time scheduling for VM-based computing environments, and then describes and evaluate.s VSched. It also applies VSched to scheduling parallel worklouds, showing that it can help a BSP application maintain a fixed stable performance despite externally caused loud imbalance.
Modeling the functional relationship network at the splice isoform level through heterogeneous data integration

Functional relationship networks, which reveal the collaborative roles between genes, have significantly accelerated our understanding of gene functions and phenotypic relevance. However, establishing such networks for alternatively spliced isoforms remains a difficult, unaddressed problem due to the lack of systematic functional annotations at the isoform level, which renders most supervised learning methods difficult to be applied to isoforms. Here we describe a novel multiple instance learning-based probabilistic approach that integrates large-scale, heterogeneous genomic datasets, including RNA-seq, exon array, protein docking and pseudo-amino acid composition, for modeling a global functional relationship network at the isoform level in the mouse. Using this approach, we formulate a gene pair as a set of isoform pairs of potentially different properties. Through simulation and cross-validation studies, we showed the superior accuracy of our algorithm in revealing the isoform-level functional relationships. The local networks reveal functional diversity of the isoforms of the same gene, as demonstrated by both large-scale analyses and experimental and literature evidence for the disparate functions revealed for the isoforms of Ptbp1 and Anxa6 by our network. Our work can assist the understanding of the diversity of functions achieved by alternative splicing of a limited set of genes in mammalian genomes, and may shift the current gene-centered network prediction paradigm to the isoform level.
Superprocessors and Supercomputers

In this article, we describe current state-of-the art processor designs, the design challenges faced by technology, and design scaling slow-down, problems with the new design paradigms and potential solutions as well as longer-term trends and requirements for future processors and systems. With technology and design scaling slowing down, the processor industry rapidly moved from high-frequency designs to multi-core chips in order to keep delivering the traditionally expected performance improvements. However, this rapid paradigm change created a whole new set of problems for the efficient usage of these multi-core designs in large-scale systems. Systems need to satisfy an increasing demand in throughput computing while at the same time still growing single-thread performance significantly. The increase in processor cores poses severe challenges to operating system and application development in order to exploit the available parallelism. It also requires new programming models (e.g. OpenCL*). Furthermore, commercial server systems are more and more enriched with special-purpose processors because these specialty engines are able to deliver more performance within the same power envelope than general-purpose microprocessors for certain applications. We are convinced that future processors and systems need to be designed with tight collaboration between the hardware and software community to ensure the best possible exploitation of physical resources. In the post-exponential growth era, hardware designs need to heavily invest in programmability features in addition to the traditional performance improvements.
The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in hippocampal insulin resistance

Metabolic syndrome, which includes hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, has a negative impact on cognitive health. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated during metabolic syndrome, however it is not known which factor associated with metabolic syndrome contributes to this stress. ER stress has been reported to play a role in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The role of ER stress in the development of insulin resistance in hippocampal neurons is not known. In the current study, we investigated ER stress in the hippocampus of 3 different mouse models of metabolic syndrome: the C57BL6 mouse on a high fat (HF) diet; apolipoprotein E, leptin, and apolipoprotein B-48 deficient (ApoE 3KO) mice; and the low density lipoprotein receptor, leptin, and apolipoprotein B-48 deficient (LDLR 3KO) mice. We demonstrate that ER stress is activated in the hippocampus of HF mice, and for the first time, in ApoE 3KO mice, but not LDLR 3KO mice. The HF and ApoE 3KO mice are hyperglycemic; however, the LDLR 3KO mice have normal glycemia. This suggests that hyperglycemia may play a role in the activation of ER stress in the hippocampus. Similarly, we also demonstrate that impaired insulin signaling is only present in the HF and ApoE 3KO mice, which suggests that ER stress may play a role in insulin resistance in the hippocampus. To confirm this we pharmacologically induced ER stress with thapsigargin in human hippocampal neurons. We demonstrate for the first time that thapsigargin leads to ER stress and impaired insulin signaling in human hippocampal neurons. Our results may provide a potential mechanism that links metabolic syndrome and cognitive health.
On the Nature of Clinical Health Psychology

A major error in professional health care training and practice, one founded on a misconceived and primitive mind-body dualism, is undergoing serious reexamination today. This chapter seeks to contribute to these reflections by arguing for a broadened conception of the role of the clinical psychologist. This chapter not only fosters the view that clinical psychology should move beyond its conventional—albeit well-founded—attention to the “mentally” disordered but also demonstrates specifically that there is both a need and a justification for psychologists to assume an active role in the assessment and management of the “physically” disordered.
TAX AS EVERYLAW: INTERPRETATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND THE LEGITIMACY OF THE IRS

The central perspective of this Conference and the theme that animates it is taxpayer’s rights as experienced by the taxpayer. We now want to suggest that there is another side to the taxpayer experience coin, and that failing to look carefully at that side produces a lack of transparency that threatens the legitimacy of the tax system and the agency that administers it. That other side of the taxpayer experience coin is the role of those who mediate the taxpayer’s experience with the tax law. We refer here to the thousands of tax scholars, judges, lawyers, accountants, administrators, and other professionals, whose view of the tax law shapes and is shaped by the taxpayer experience. These individuals mediate the taxpayer experience by interpreting and framing the system in both formal and informal ways. Their views of the tax system are reflected in opinions, guidance, scholarly publications and even the accounts of the tax system that appear in the popular press. Their views also inform the way they explain the system to clients and the advice they give. Together, these communications create a picture of the tax system that affects how it is perceived by taxpayers, regardless of whether the taxpayer receives the communications directly, as do the over 70% of taxpayers who receive some professional assistance in tax preparation, 1 or indirectly through the portrayal of the tax system in media accounts. That tax professionals serve as mediators who both shape and are shaped by the taxpayer’s experience is important. If tax professionals view the tax system and its administrators as illegitimate, they will likely convey that view to taxpayers and those taxpayers will, in turn, be less likely to be fully compliant. Legitimacy is vital to any legal institution, but in the case of the IRS legitimacy has been discussed and analyzed only in the face of catastrophic assaults. These include attempts by a President to use the IRS to persecute political enemies
Optimal marker set for motion capture of dynamical facial expressions

We seek to determine an optimal set of markers for marker-based facial motion capture and animation control. The problem is addressed in two different ways: on the one hand, different sets of empirical markers classically used in computer animation are evaluated; on the other hand, a clustering method that automatically determines optimal marker sets is proposed and compared with the empirical marker sets. To evaluate the quality of a set of markers, we use a blendshape-based synthesis technique that learns the mapping between marker positions and blendshape weights, and we calculate the reconstruction error of various animated sequences created from the considered set of markers in comparison to ground truth data. Our results show that the clustering method outperforms the heuristic approach.
Medical therapy for ulcerative colitis

Last year was not a banner year for developments in medical therapy for ulcerative colitis. In contrast to the expansion of therapies for Crohn disease, treatment for ulcerative colitis was evolutionary, at best, leading many patients to seek alternative medical approaches. Nevertheless, there have
Wars of Civilization: The US Army Contemplates Wounded Knee, the Pullman Strike, and the Philippine Insurrection

This article explores the military history that links federal suppression of the Pullman Strike in 1894 to the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 and the US conquest of the Philippines in 1899–1903. Military men expressed remarkably similar understandings of their targets in the three campaigns, and in each case they paired condemnations of the enemy with many of the same positive stereotypes of soldiers like themselves. Analysis of this imagery offers new perspectives on the US Army's role in imperial projects as well as state action against labor. If strikers resembled unruly colonial subjects in the military mind, the reverse also held true; and soldiers' self-representations reveal that their goals did not necessarily match the state's agenda.
Abstract 2878: A sensitive cell signaling assay for low level activation of endogenous receptors – a comparison of AlphaScreen® SureFire® and TR-FRET assays

Two closely related proteins, ERK1 and ERK2, belong to a widely conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases whose activities are regulated by phosphorylation. These kinases are components of signal transduction pathways which control critical cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis. In addition to normal cellular processes, these pathways have been associated with signaling in many cancers. Phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 has been shown to be mediated by signal transduction pathways which are activated by ligand binding to both receptor tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The focus of cell signaling studies is increasingly shifting to endogenous cell surface receptors rather than recombinant, over-expressed receptors. The hope is that these model systems will have greater biological relevance, more closely reflecting the physiology of the organism studied. In such studies the sensitivity of the assay platform becomes critical for success, especially when the endogenous receptors are activated at low levels. Several technologies have been used to quantitate relative levels of protein phosphorylation, including western blot, time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), and AlphaScreen® SureFire® assays. AlphaScreen® SureFire® assays are homogenous, bead-based assays designed to measure endogenous levels of intracellular phosphorylated proteins. Here we describe the performance of the AlphaScreen® SureFire® p-ERK 1/2 assay compared to that of a TR-FRET assay. For this study we used two different cell lines. The first was CHO-K1 cells stably transfected with the human somatostatin sst5 GPCR, which is stimulated by its natural ligand somatostatin-28. The second was wild-type HEK 293 cells, which express endogenous receptors for epidermal growth factor (an RTK), and endogenous GPCRs activated by acetylcholine and ATP. In general, the AlphaScreen® SureFire® assay gave higher S/B ratios than the TR-FRET assay in all conditions tested, which in turn can have a significant impact on the assay robustness. In situations that gave wide response windows, such as stimulation of the CHO over-expressed somatostatin receptor or the HEK 293 endogenous EGF receptor, both assay kits yielded excellent results. However, the HEK 293 endogenous GPCRs for acetylcholine and ATP are coupled to a lower production of p-ERK, and in those cases the AlphaScreen® SureFire® assay proved to be much more robust, with significantly higher overall signal levels and S/B ratios. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2878. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2878
Insulation Evaluation of High Voltage Bushing Based on Frequency Domain Spectroscopy Analysis

To develop new on-site insulation detection method of high voltage bushings and improve the diagnostic accuracy, three oil-immersed paper insulated high voltage bushings with same structure were tested with the frequency domain spectroscopy(FDS) method in dielectric response theory. FDS test was conducted under different temperature, paper moisture content and thermal aging time to obtain the dielectric loss frequency curves.The dielectric loss frequency curves within 0.01~1 000 Hz were used to evaluate the water content of the bushings.The results show that the dielectric loss frequency curves in lower frequency range are more sensitive to moisture content of the paper insulation due to the effects of temperature, and aging time. The analysis of paper moisture content via FDS measurement can also help to evaluate aging and moisture conditions of the bushing. Compared with conventional power frequency dielectric loss measurement, the FDS measurement is more sensitive to insulation aging and moisture condition in a high voltage bushing.
Education, research, and practice: bridging the gap.

The purpose of this study was to identify the research activites that were part of dietetic internship and coordinated undergraduate programs. Data about required research courses, research-related experiences, curriculum competencies, student publications, and faculty needs were obtained from 79 dietetic internship and 46 coordinated undergraduate program directors. Research courses were required in 60% of the programs and most often included basic statistics and review of the literature. Attendance at research conferences and observation of research dietitians were the most frequent learning experience activities. A wide variety of research projects were required by 71 % of the programs, but there were few student opportunities to participate in faculty-sponsored research. The ability to evaluate literature critically, knowledge of research concepts, and application of research findings to dietetic practice were the most frequently cited competency statements. Less than 2% of graduates in a 3-year period had published in professional journals. Faculty members believed they needed more time, money, educational materials, professional development, and access to research facilities to improve the research component of the program. These findings suggest that research competencies may need to be prioritized differently in view of changing needs in dietetic practice. J Am Diet Assoc 89:1676-1679, 1989.
The negative prognostic implications of thrombocytosis in women with stage IB cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between pretreatment platelet count and survival in women with stage IB cervical cancer. METHODS: Clinical records were reviewed for 219 women with stage IB cervical cancer treated by radical hysterectomy from 1971-1984. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinicopathologic variables associated with poor survival. Survival as a function of the preoperative platelet count was analyzed further and corrected for known prognostic factors. RESULTS: The cumulative 5-year survival of women with a preoperative platelet count greater than 300,000/microL (n = 85) was 65%, as compared to 84% for a count equal to or less than 300,000/microL (n = 134) (P = .004). Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed non-white race, large lesion size (greater than 4 cm), platelet count greater than 300,000/microL, and the presence of nodal metastases to be factors related to poor prognosis. A comparison of patients with platelet counts of 300,000/microL or less and patients with platelet counts greater than 300,000/microL revealed no difference with regard to race, nodal metastases, and median age. However, a larger percentage of women with a platelet count greater than 300,000/microL had large lesion size (29 of 60, versus 32 of 114 with a count of 300,000/microL or less). In a multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, race, the presence of nodal metastases, and lesion size, high platelet count was still associated with poor prognosis (P = .04). CONCLUSION: An elevated platelet count is an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.