cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concentration and mass distribution of charged species in sooting flames

Total concentration and mass distribution of charged species larger than about 300 amu were measured along the centerline of a premixed sooting acetylene/oxygen flat flame at 20 mmHg. Charge concentration was determined by measuring the electric current delivered to a Faraday cage in the detection chamber of a staged molecular beam flame sampling instrument having a quenching time of about 1 μs. Charge/mass ratio distributions were measured by the incremental electrical filtration of charged species from the beam. Mass and diameter distributions were than calculated by assuming unicharged species of density 2 g/cm 3 . The observed species, which include heavy hydrocarbon ions and charged soot particles, are of positive polarity. Their total concentration at fuel equivalence ratios in the range 2.1–3.0 and cold gas velocities of 31 and 38 cm/s ranges from 10 8 to 10 12 cm −3 , exhibits a distinct peak near the onset of soot formation, increases strongly with increasing fuel equivalence ratio, and decreases with increasing cold gas velocity. The mass distribution of charged species peaks sharply at a mass which increases with increasing height above the burner or time. At a fuel equivalence ratio of 2.25 and a cold gas velocity of 31 cm/s, the peak mass and its equivalent diameter increase from 1390 amu and 13just prior to the onset of visible soot formation to 7700 amu and 23about 2 ms later. The concentration of heavy hydrocarbon ions and that of heavy hydrocarbon molecules estimated previously decrease rapidly with the onset of soot formation in a manner that correlates with the initially fast surface gorwth of soot particles. Thus the heavy hydrocarbons appear to include both soot nuclei and surface growth intermediates. The concentrations of heavy hydrocarbon ions are much larger than the peak concentrations of soot particles. Therefore ionic nucleation of soot particles is feasible for these conditions, and a tentative mechanism is described.
The potential role of minoxidil in the hair transplantation setting.

background. Over the last decade surgical management of hair loss has become an increasingly popular and satisfying procedure for both men and women, as innovations in donor harvesting, graft size, and hairline design have resulted in consistently natural-appearing hair restoration. objective. In addition, a better understanding of the regulation of the hair-growth cycle has led to advances in the pharmacologic treatment of androgenetic alopecia. methods. Currently there are two U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents that promote hair regrowth: over-the-counter topical minoxidil solution for men and women and prescription oral finasteride tablets for men. In October 2001, a group of 11 international experts on hair loss and hair transplantation convened to review the physiology and effects of pharmacologic treatments of hair loss and to discuss the value of administering topical minoxidil therapy as an adjunct to hair transplantation. results. This article presents the key findings and consensus points among the participants, including their current use of pharmacologic treatments, strategies for optimal results both pre- and postsurgery, and the importance of realistic patient expectations and compliance. conclusions. Based on the surgeons' clinical experience, the use of approved hair regrowth agents in hair transplant patients with viable but suboptimally functioning follicles in the region to be transplanted can increase hair density, speed regrowth in transplanted follicles, and complement the surgical result by slowing down or stopping further hair loss.
Insulin Resistance, Its Consequences, and Coronary Heart Disease Must We Choose One Culprit?

Approximately 25 years ago, our research group1 2 used quantitative methods to show that resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal was present in patients with either impaired glucose tolerance or NIDDM. These initial observations have been confirmed on multiple occasions since then, and there is now a large body of evidence that shows that this defect is present in the vast majority of glucose-intolerant individuals.3 4 5 6 7 8 In addition, several reports9 10 11 demonstrated that first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM are also relatively insulin resistant compared with well-matched volunteers without a family history of NIDDM. Finally, prospective studies12 13 14 15 16 have identified insulin resistance and/or compensatory hyperinsulinemia as the initial defect in the development of NIDDM. Thus, the central role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis and clinical course of patients with NIDDM has been well established. Of greater relevance to the IRAS study of “Insulin Sensitivity and Atherosclerosis” published in this issue of Circulation 17 is recent awareness that the ability of insulin to mediate glucose disposal can differ by as much as 10-fold in subjects with normal glucose tolerance.18 19 Because the degree of insulin resistance in a substantial portion of these persons approaches that seen in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or NIDDM, it is assumed that they are able to secrete enough insulin to overcome the insulin resistance and maintain normal glucose tolerance. Unfortunately, the philanthropic response on the part of the pancreatic β-cell is not without cost, and in 1988,20 it was emphasized that these individuals were at increased risk to have higher plasma TG and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations and higher blood pressure. More importantly, it was suggested that the cluster of abnormalities associated with insulin resistance, designated as Syndrome X, significantly increased …
Functional Forms of Symbolic Crises in the News: Implications for Quantitative Research

Seeking to contribute conceptually and methodologically to research addressing the development and dissipation of symbolic crises, this study examines aggregate distributions of news reports following 15 “trigger events.” Linked theoretically to agenda setting, as well as to research examining media-driven moral panics, the study fits a series of statistical curves to 90 days of news coverage involving topics such as child exploitation and sexual assault, promiscuity and HIV, drug use, violence in the media, religious symbolism, and obscenity. Consistent with prior research, analyses suggest that symbolic crises “take off” based on the relative novelty of initial events, the amount of outrage events trigger, and the extent to which events create, or can be linked with, iconic images.
Violent crime, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury.

Jan Volavka discusses new research by Seena Fazel and colleagues that reports increased risk for violent crime among people with traumatic brain injury and epilepsy.
Cavity Ring-Down and Cavity-Enhanced Detection Techniques for the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction

An instrument employing cavity ring-down (CRD) and cavity-enhanced detection (CED) for the local measurement of aerosol extinction is described and demonstrated. CRD measures the lifetime of photons in a high-quality optical cavity and thereby determines the sum of sample extinction between the cavity mirrors and that due to mirror losses. CRD systems can be calibrated with a single gas for the determination of extinction. A green laser emitting subnanosecond pulses is used as a light source, facilitating measurements free from optical interference in the cavity. The addition of a low-frequency chopper allows for the determination of extinction coefficients with simple linear fitting procedures and also facilitates CED measurements by providing laser power modulation for phase-sensitive detection. CED measures the average power transmitted by the optical cavity. After calibration with two gases, CED allows for the independent measurement of extinction with very high dynamic range and for an independent co...
Complexities in students’ construction of the polar coordinate system

Abstract Despite the importance of the polar coordinate system (PCS) to students’ study of mathematics and science, there is a limited body of research that explores students’ ways of thinking about the PCS. Research on students’ construction of the PCS is especially sparse. In this article, we highlight several issues that arose spontaneously during a teaching experiment that explored students’ construction of the PCS. We illustrate how students’ angle measure meanings influenced their construction of the PCS. We also discuss how the students’ ways of thinking about the Cartesian coordinate system (CCS) became problematic as they transitioned to the PCS. Collectively, we highlight that students’ ways of thinking about coordinate systems evolve when students reason within and across multiple coordinate systems.
The Complexities of Genomic Identifiability

Sharing research data has long been fundamental to the advancement of science. In today's scientific culture, making research data available broadly and efficiently via the internet has become the standard for many data types, including genomic and some other "omic"-type data produced by high-throughput methods. The acceleration of research progress and the resulting public benefit achieved through such broad data-sharing have been transformative for the scientific enterprise ( 1 – 3 ). However, sharing data generated from human research participants must be done in a manner that appropriately protects participant interests.
Ultrabasic magmas and high-degree melting of the mantle

As the degree of melting of mantle peridotite increases, the liquids that are formed become more basic and less viscous, and the spacing between residual crystals increases. The settling velocities of residual crystals in partial melts consequently will increase by several orders of magnitude, from 9.4 × 10−4 cm/s to 4.3 × 10−1 cm/s for a 1 cm olivine grain, as the proportion of liquid increases from 15 to 60%. To produce an ultrabasic komatiitic magma from a source with commonly assumed mantle composition requires 50 to 80% melting. Before this degree of melting can be reached, a highly fluid picritic magma produced by 30 to 50% melting will segregate from the source. Ultrabasic magmas probably form by a sequential melting process and are derived from a residuum composed of refractory minerals and trapped liquid left by previous episodes of partial melting and magma extraction. Trace element concentrations in ultrabasic komatiite lavas are consistent with this theory.
Role of Sonography in the Differentiation of Benign, High-Risk, and Malignant Papillary Lesions of the Breast

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the sonographic features of benign, high-risk, and malignant papillary lesions of the breast. METHODS We conducted a search of our institution's breast biopsy database for all papillary lesions with sonographic findings and final surgical pathologic diagnoses from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2009. We retrospectively reviewed the breast sonographic findings of 23 benign papillomas, 14 papillomas with associated atypical ductal hyperplasia, and 14 papillary carcinomas, all surgically proven. These 51 lesions in 50 patients comprised our data set. The imaging reports, pathologic records, and surgical records of these patients were reviewed, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS The findings for 50 patients (age range, 26-92 years; mean, 55.2 years) with 51 lesions were reviewed. One patient had bilateral breast cancer. Size and margin features showed statistically significant differences (P < .05) between the lesions. Twelve (47.9%) benign papillomas, 10 (71.4%) high-risk lesions, and 13 (92.9%) malignant lesions were larger than 1 cm. Sixteen (69.6%) benign papillomas, 10 (71.4%) high-risk lesions, and only 4 (28.6%) malignant lesions had circumscribed margins. With regard to echo pattern, there was a statistically significant difference between the lesions (P< .01). Twenty (87.0%) benign papillomas, 4 (28.6%) high-risk lesions, and 10 (71.4%) malignant lesions were hypoechoic. Posterior sonographic features were also statistically significant (P < .05), with malignant and high-risk lesions being associated with posterior enhancement or shadowing. Another statistically significant difference (P < .01) was intralesional vascularity, which was seen more frequently with malignant lesions. Regardless of lesion type, the distance from the nipple, shape, orientation, surrounding tissue change, and associated calcifications were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that sonographic features that may potentially assist in differentiating papillary lesions include size, margin, echo pattern, posterior features, and intralesional vascularity.
A randomized trial that compared oral cefixime and intramuscular ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonorrhea in pregnancy

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the Centers for Disease Control recommendations for the treatment of gonococcal infection in pregnancy. Study Design: One hundred sixty-one women who were referred with probable endocervical gonorrhea underwent pretreatment endocervical, anal, and oral cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae . The women were randomly assigned to receive ceftriaxone 125 mg intramuscularly or cefixime 400 mg orally. Treatment was open and in a 1:1 distribution. There were 95 evaluable patients. The tests of cure cultures were performed 4 to 10 days after treatment. Results: Eighty-six women (91%) had endocervical infection; 39 women (41%) had anal infection, and 11 women (12%) had pharyngeal infection. Fifty of 95 women (53%) had concomitant endocervical chlamydial infection. The overall efficacy was 91 of 95 subjects (95.8%; 95% CI, 89.6%-98.8%). Ceftriaxone was effective in 41 of 43 cases (95%; 95% CI, 84.2%-99.4%), and cefixime was effective in 50 of 52 cases (96%; 95% CI, 86.8%-99.5%). No significant difference was noted in the overall efficacy or by site of infection. Three of the 4 women who experienced treatment failures admitted to unprotected intercourse before their test of cure culture. Conclusion: Both intramuscular ceftriaxone 125 mg and oral cefixime 400 mg appear to be effective for the treatment of gonococcal infection in pregnancy. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:629-32.)
Response of Layer Breeders to Dietary Acetylsalicylic Acid.3. Effects on Fertility and Hatchability of Embryos Exposed to Control and Elevated Incubation Temperatures

Because acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) is a common antipyretic drug, there has been considerable research on the effects of ASA on mammalian embryonic development. However, very limited research has been conducted on the effects of ASA on avian development and hatchability. The present study investigated the effect of dietary ASA on fertility and hatchability and whether embryos of breeder hens fed ASA, as compared with embryos of hens fed a control diet, would survive elevated temperatures during incubation. White Leghorn layer breeders were fed 0, .025, .050, .100, .200, and .400% ASA for the first 13 mo of egg production. When averaged over 13 mo, hens fed .40% dietary ASA demonstrated a decline in fertility (P < .03), hatchability of fertile eggs (P < .04), and hatchability of eggs set (P < .02). Chicks from hens fed .10% ASA weighed more than chicks from hens receiving 0, .025, .20, or .40% ASA (P < .01). When embryos were incubated at elevated temperatures of 42.8 or 43.3 C for 5.5 to 12 h on Day 16 of incubation, hatchability declined. Also, ASA fed to layer breeders did not improve hatchability of embryos exposed to elevated incubation temperatures when compared with embryos exposed to a control incubation temperature (37.2 C). During Month 9 of production, chicks from hens fed .05 and .10% ASA and exposed to an elevated temperature of 42.8 C for 9 h on Day 16 of incubation weighed more than similarly heat-stressed chicks of hens fed 0, .20, or .40% ASA (temperature by diet interaction, P < .03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bioavailability of grain and soil-borne tritiated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) administered to lactating Holstein cows

Abstract Holstein dairy cows weighing from 488 to 650 kg were given tritiated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on crushed grain or Gerald silt loam soil as a single oral dose of 0.05 ug/kg body weight. The cows were killed 14 days posttreatment. In both the grain- and soil-treated animals, tissue residues were highest in the fat, followed by liver, kidney, muscle and brain. Secretion of radioactivity into milk was highest during the first 3–4 days posttreatment with only small quantities being secreted into the milk during the following 10 days. Hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase appeared to be slightly elevated 14 days after treatment with either grain or soil-borne TCDD. The aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor was not detected using the hydroxylapatite assay procedure.
Molecular-targeted antitumor agents: the Saururus cernuus dineolignans manassantin B and 4-O-demethylmanassantin B are potent inhibitors of hypoxia-activated HIF-1.

The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of tumor cell adaptation and survival under hypoxic conditions. Selective HIF-1 inhibitors represent an important new class of potential molecular-targeted antitumor therapeutic agents. Extracts of plants and marine organisms were evaluated using a T47D human breast tumor cell-based reporter assay for HIF-1 inhibitors. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the lipid extract of Saururus cernuus resulted in the isolation of manassantin B (1) and a new compound, 4-O-demethylmanassantin B (2). The structure of 2 was determined spectroscopically. The absolute configurations of manassantin-type dineolignans have not been previously reported. Therefore, the absolute configurations of the chiral centers in each side chain were deduced from spectroscopic analysis of the Mosher MTPA ester derivatives of 1. Both 1 and 2 are among the most potent small molecule HIF-1 inhibitors discovered, to date, with IC50 values of 3 and 30 nM, respectively....
Gulf of Interest: Why Oil Still Dominates Middle Eastern Climate Politics

This article aims to demonstrate why a handful of countries, most prominently Saudi Arabia, together with Kuwait and Qatar, continue to greatly influence other Middle Eastern Arab states' external climate change policies. The article explores three questions: why do Arab states continue to disregard climate change as a significant instability factor; why do most oil-exporting states of the Arabian Peninsula still oppose ambitious mitigation; and why do their policies continue to determine the positions of other Arab states? In order to answer these questions, the article uses an analytical approach that takes into account both sides of the ‘black box’. The article confirms the contention that the constancy of the dominating states' policies stems from the interests of local, status quo-favouring rentier elites. These rentier governments, it is argued, choose to ignore the need to act against the potentially destabilising longer-term consequences of climate change, instead emphasising the safeguarding of s...
Comparison of Gaseous Molecular Adsorption Properties of Microporous Manganese Oxides and Crystalline Aluminosilicates.

Abstract The N2, H2O, and NH3 adsorption properties on hollandite-type (H-Hol) and birnessite-type (H-Bir) hydrous manganese oxides were compared with those on zeolitic crystals. It was found that the effective pore openings of H-Bir and H-Hol are below 0.3 nm. Although the geometric spaces on H-Bir and H-Hol available for physical adsorption from a gaseous phase are much smaller than those on zeolites, they can provide a strong chemisorption field for H2O and NH3 intercalation.
Shortness of breath after AV ablation: case of left phrenic nerve palsy.

Phrenic nerve palsy has been recognized as a complication of catheter ablation with a prevalence of 0.11-0.48% after atrial fibrillation ablation, independent of the type of ablation catheter or energy source, likely due to the anatomical relationship of the nerves. This report describes a case of new onset of shortness of breath (SOB) due to left diaphragm paralysis following transcatheter radiofrequency ablation in a patient with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Keywords: phrenic nerve palsy; atrial fibrillation; cardiac ablation; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Published: 17 April 2013) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2013, 3 : 19123 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v3i1.19123
The orientation of spin-probes attached to Cys374 on actin in oriented gels

Abstract Changes in protein orientation are thought to be involved in the generation of force that occurs in active muscle. To address the possibility that such changes occur in the actin filament, a spin label was attached to Cys374 of actin and its orientation was measured for filaments that were aligned in capillaries. In the best aligned samples the label was found in two populations, one with a narrow distribution of angles centered at an average angle of 36 (±4)°, and a second in a broad distribution centered at an average angle of 45(±4)°. The birefringence of the samples was high and X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the actin filaments were well aligned with average angles similar to the population of the better aligned spin labels, suggesting that the more disordered population of probes arose from either disorder of the probe relative to the protein, or from disorder of a local portion of the protein. When myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) was also included with the actin, molar ratio 1 S-1 to a actin, there was little change in the angular distribution of either of the two probe populations. We conclude that the binding of the myosin head does not produce appreciable alterations in the orientation of this domain.
Modulation of the Aharonov Bohm effect in type-II II V ZnSe:Te quantum dots by a far-infrared laser

Abstract We present magneto-photoluminescence of a ZnTe/ZnSe multilayer structure in which the clustering of Te atoms results in the formation of columns of type-II ZnSe:Te quantum dots. This unique geometry permits the observation of strong Aharonov–Bohm oscillations in both the emission energy and peak intensity with increasing magnetic field. Furthermore, far-infrared optically detected resonance techniques exhibit resonances that are ascribed to the activation and recapture of electrons by different subsets of quantum dots.
Ethical issues pertaining to research in the aftermath of disaster

In January 2003, The New York Academy of Medicine and the National Institute of Mental Health sponsored a meeting entitled “Ethical Issues Pertaining to Research in the Aftermath of Disaster.” The purpose of the meeting was to bring together various experts to examine evidence concerning the impact of research on trauma-exposed participants, review the applicable ethical principles and policies concerning protection of human subjects, and offer guidance to investigators, IRBs, public health and local officials, and others interested in assuring that research in the aftermath of a disaster is conducted in a safe and ethical manner. This article summarizes the group's key findings and outlines potential considerations for those working in this field.
Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications approach

Purpose – This paper seeks to demonstrate the importance of uses and gratifications theory to social media. By applying uses and gratifications theory, this paper will explore and discuss the uses and gratifications that consumer receive from using social media. This paper seeks to provide a better and more comprehensive understanding of why consumers use social media.Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory study was conducted. 25 in‐depth interviews were conducted with individuals who use social media.Findings – This study identified ten uses and gratifications for using social media. The ten uses and gratifications are: social interaction, information seeking, pass time, entertainment, relaxation, communicatory utility, convenience utility, expression of opinion, information sharing, and surveillance/knowledge about others.Research limitations/implications – Limitations are small sample size. Research implications are that uses and gratifications theory has specific relevance to social media and shoul...
Biological effects of microwaves at the membrane level: two possible athermal electrophysiological mechanisms and a proposed experimental test

Abstract Two possible nonthermal interactions of an electromagnetic field with passive ion flux across a plasmalemma are considered. It is shown that direct rectification by nonlinearities of the current-voltage characteristics should occur up to frequencies roughly in the AM broadcast range and that above this it should fall off as a result of ion transit time effects. However, it is also shown that shifts in ionic current may occur well into the gigahertz region as a result of resonant interactions between the field and gating particles within the channels through which the ions cross the membrane. The time constant of response of the cellular resting potential to either process is estimated to be significantly less than that of the thermal response of the (aqueous) medium surrounding a typical cell, and it is pointed out that this difference can be used to differentiate between thermal and nonthermal effects.
A High Precision Aeromagnetic Survey Near the Glen Hummel Field in Texas; Identification of Cultural and Sedimentary Anomaly Sources

We present a case study of a high resolution aeromagnetic survey near the Glen Hummel oil field (Figure 1). The survey was originally flown to support a study of aeromagnetic methods for environmental hazard detection, but it provides an opportunity to investigate various problems that arise when analyzing low level total field magnetic anomalies in an area of petroleum production.
Nisin, an apoptogenic bacteriocin and food preservative, attenuates HNSCC tumorigenesis via CHAC1

Nisin, a bacteriocin and commonly used food preservative, may serve as a novel potential therapeutic for treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), as it induces preferential apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and reduces cell proliferation in HNSCC cells, compared with primary keratinocytes. Nisin also reduces HNSCC tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, nisin exerts these effects on HNSCC, in part, through CHAC1, a proapoptotic cation transport regulator, and through a concomitant CHAC1-independent influx of extracellular calcium. In addition, although CHAC1 is known as an apoptotic mediator, its effects on cancer cell apoptosis have not been examined. Our studies are the first to report CHAC1's new role in promoting cancer cell apoptosis under nisin treatment. These data support the concept that nisin decreases HNSCC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo by inducing increased cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation; effects that are mediated by activation of CHAC1, increased calcium influxes, and induction of cell cycle arrest. These findings support the use of nisin as a potentially novel therapeutic for HNSCC, and as nisin is safe for human consumption and currently used in food preservation, its translation into a clinical setting may be facilitated.
Magnetic and luminescence characteristics of dinuclear complexes of lanthanides and a phenolic schiff base macrocyclic ligand

Abstract The magnetic and luminescence characteristics of trimorphic homodinuclear macrocyclic complexes of lanthanides and a 2:2 phenolate Schiff's base L, derived from 2,6-diformyl- p -cresol and triethylenetetramine were determined. The complexes of Pr 3+ exhibit non-Curie-Weiss temperature dependent magnetic susceptibilities for which satisfactory fits to an axial relationship depends on crystal field splitting and a weak binuclear Pr 3+ Pr 3+ antiferromagnetic interaction. The exchange interaction parameters are z J ′ = −2.2, −4.4 and −7.0 cm −1 for ‘off-white’ Pr 2 L(NO 3 ) 4 ·2H 2 O, ‘yellow’ Pr 2 L(NO 3 ) 4 , and ‘orange’ Pr 2 L(NO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 , respectively. In contrast, magnetic susceptibilities of the Ln 2 L(NO 3 ) 3 (OH) complexes (Ln = Dy, Ho) follow Curie-Weiss behavior over the entire temperature range (6 K to 300 K). The complexes of closed shell ions La 3+ , Lu 3+ , Y 3+ and those of the half filled shell ion Gd 3+ exhibit a strong ligand fluorescence in the 450 nm to 650 nm range with decay times at 77 K of 5–8 ns for Ln≠Gd or 2–4 ns for Ln = Gd. The complexes of Gd 3+ also exhibit a phosphorescence at 600 nm (decay time ∼ 200 μs). The complexes containing Ce 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ and Er 3+ show very weak ligand luminescence indicative of effective quenching processes. Sensitized emission from the lanthanide ion is observed only with the Eu 3+ complexes ( 5 D o → 7 F j transitions). The emission lifetimes are on the order of 250 μs in the pure Eu 3+ complexes. The emission decay curves from dilute samples of Eu 3+ in ‘off-white’ La 2 L(NO 3 ) 4 n H 2 O show a noticeable rise time as well as a biphasic decay (fast component ∼ 400 μs; slow component ∼ 2500 μs). The luminescing states of L and Eu 3+ have a common excitation spectrum which is similar to the electronic absorption spectrum of L indicating that ligand-to-metal ion energy transfer processes are dominant. Overall the result if this study suggest that the spectral properties of the complexes are determined by the coordination mode of the lanthanide ions to the Schiff base portion of macrocyclic ligand.
The Qweak: Precision Measurement of the Proton’s Weak Charge by Parity Violating Experiment

The Qweak experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility measures the parity violating asymmetry in longitudinally polarized electron scattering from the proton at very low momentum transfer, Q2 = 0.026 (GeV/c)2, at an incident electron beam energy of 1.16 GeV. With this measurement and the earlier results of the parity violating elastic scattering experiments, the Qweak experiment determines the weak charge of the proton, \({Q^p_{\rm W}}\), with a 4% combined statistical and systematic error. This measurement will be used to determine the weak mixing angle, \({\sin^2\theta_{\rm W}}\), that is predicted by the Standard Model from the Z0 pole down to lower energies. Qweak will determine \({\sin^2\theta_{\rm W}}\) to a 0.3% relative precision, providing a competitive measurement of the running of this quantity. Moreover, if there is a significant deviation of the weak mixing angle from the Standard Model prediction, then the Qweak experiment will give a glimpse of possible extensions of the Standard Model.
Investment Decision under Uncertainty: Choice—Theoretic Approaches

Introduction, 509. — I. Fisher's theory of investment decision: interpretation and reformulation, 510. — II. Choice-theoretic approaches to investment decision under uncertainty, 516. — III. The mean, variability approach, 518. — IV. The state-preference approach, 523. — V. Risk aversion and the uniqueness assumption, 531. — VI. Concluding remark, 534. — Appendix: Scaling of utility-of-income functions conditional upon state, 534.
Comparative effectiveness of fresh and lyophilized platelets in controlling irradiation hemorrhage in the rat.

The efficiency of fresh vs. lyophilized platelet transfusions to control radiation -induced hemorrhage were tested in rats by gross observation for bleeding, platelet count, hematocril, microscopical study of lymph node sections, and susceptibility to bleeding from minor trauma. Hemorrhage occurs in irradiated, untreatud rats around the fifth post irradiation day increasing with the progress of platelet fall, which reach a minimum around the tenth day. Fresh and lyophilized platelet transfusions were performed on 5th, 7th and 9th day. Whereas fresh platelet transfusions raised the platelet count to 2 to 3 times the normal and stopped hemorrhage lyophilized material had no effect on platelet counts which were not different from irradiated controls and did not show any infiuence on the bleeding tendency. In the lyophilized platelet transfused rnts, the hematocrit dropped more than in the irradinted controls. (auth)
Theoretical studies on the electronic states of BrOOCl

Abstract The electronic states of BrOOCl were investigated using computational approaches. The three forms ( trans -, cis -, and twist-forms) of BrOOCl were optimized at the couple-cluster CCSD(T) level of theory with cc-pVTZ basis set. The vertical excitation energies were calculated for the six singlet and two triplet excited states of BrOOCl at the complete active space self-consistent field level of theory and the multi-reference internally contracted configuration interaction level of theory. The scalar relativistic effect on the electronic states of BrOOCl was estimated. The comparison was made for the electronic states of BrOOCl and BrOOBr.
Effects of radiation on tumor hemodynamics and NF-kappaB in breast tumors

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to monitor in vivo the IR dose dependent response of NF-κB and tumor hemodynamics as a function of time. Material and Methods: An MDA-231 breast cancer cell line was stably transfected with a firefly luciferase gene within the NF-kappaB promoter. Tumors on the right flank irradiated with a single fractionated dose of 5Gy or 10Gy. Over two weeks, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PCT-S), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and dynamic contrast enhanced CT (DCE-CT) was used to monitor hemoglobin status, NF-kappaB expression, and physiology, respectively. Results: From the BLI, an increase in NF-kappaB expression was observed in both the right (irradiation) and left (nonirradiated) tumors, which peaked at 8-12 hours, returned to basal levels after 24 hours, and increased a second time from 3 to 7 days. This data identifies both a radiation-induced bystander effect and a bimodal longitudinal response associated with NF-κB-controlled luciferase promoter. The physiological results from DCE-CT measured an increase in perfusion (26%) two days after radiation and both a decrease in perfusion and an increase in fp by week 1 (10Gy cohort). PCT-S measured increased levels of oxygen saturation two days post IR, which did not change after 1 week. Initially, NF-κB would modify hemodynamics to increase oxygen delivery after IR insult. The secondary response appears to modulate tumor angiogenesis. Conclusions: A bimodal response to radiation was detected with NF-kappaB-controlled luciferase reporter with a concomitant hemodynamic response associated with tumor hypoxia. Experiments are being performed to increase statistics.
Treatment with rhenium-188-perrhenate and iodine-131 of NIS-expressing mammary cancer in a mouse model remarkably inhibited tumor growth

Abstract Introduction Novel therapeutic modalities are needed for breast cancer patients in whom standard treatments are not effective. Mammary gland sodium/iodide symporter has been identified as a molecular target in breast cancers in humans and in some transgenic mouse models. We report the results of a therapy study with 131 I − and 188 ReO 4 − of breast cancer in polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) transgenic mice endogenously expressing the Na + /I − symporter (NIS). Methods PyMT mice (12–13 weeks old) with one palpable tumor of 0.5–0.8 cm in diameter were used. For the therapy studies, PyMT mice were (1) treated with two intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mCi of 188 ReO 4 − 1 week apart, (2) pretreated for 1 week with 5 μg of triiodothyronine (T3) followed by two intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mCi of 131 I − 1 week apart or (3) left untreated. The tumor and normal organ uptakes were assessed by scintigraphic imaging. The thyroid function of treated and control animals was evaluated at the completion of the study by measuring the T3/thyroxine (T4) ratio in their blood. Results There was significant uptake of 131 I − and 188 ReO 4 − in the primary palpable tumors as well as in nonpalpable tumors, stomachs and thyroids. The tumor uptake after the second injection was 10 times lower in comparison with the first injection. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in both the 131 I − and 188 ReO 4 − groups in comparison with the control group, and tumors in the 188 ReO 4 − group increased in size significantly less than in the 131 I − group. The T3/T4 ratios were calculated to be 27 and 25 for the control group and the 188 ReO 4 − group, respectively; for 131 I − , both the T3 and T4 levels were below detection limit, demonstrating much less effect on the thyroids of treatment with 188 ReO 4 − than with 131 I − . Conclusions These results prove that NIS expression in breast tumors in animal models allows specific, efficient and safe treatment with a variety of radionuclides transported by NIS.
Development of one-cell fertilized sheep ova following microinjection into pronuclei.

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to identify, sources of loss of fertilized single-cell sheep eggs microinjected with DNA. In the first experiment, immediate transfer of eggs into synchronous recipients resulted in 86% of embryos developing (>32 cells) at Day 7. Incubating eggs in microdrops of Ham's F-10 medium + 10% fetal calf serum for 5 h at 37°C in an atmosphere of 95% air: 5% CO 2 before transfer reduced development (65% >32 cells). Removing eggs from drops for 30 min of microscopic inspection, simulating manipulation during microinjection, caused no additional reduction in development (63% >32 cells). However, injection of eggs with buffer was detrimental to subsequent development (42% >32 cells). In Experiment 2, injection of buffer or injection of DNA in buffer into the pronuclei before transfer of eggs into recipient ewes resulted in 29 and 19%, respectively, of embryos developing to >32 cells at Day 7. In Experiment 3, more eggs developed when held in 5 ml of medium than in microdrops (P = 0.07). No difference in development was found between eggs held in bicarbonate-buffered BMOC or in phosphate-buffered saline with added fetal bovine serum. The development of sheep eggs appears to be greatly reduced after microinjection, but until alternate procedures are found, a high rate of loss of injected eggs may be an unavoidable cost of inserting foreign genes into sheep.
Characterization of the interaction of human plasmin with its specific receptor on a group A streptococcus.

Abstract Certain Group A β-hemolytic streptococci express a receptor that is capable of specifically binding the human plasma protease plasmin. Once bound, plasmin remains enzymatically active and is unregulated by its naturally occurring inhibitor alpha-2-antiplasmin (Lottenberg, R., C. C. Broder and M. D. P. Boyle. 1987. Infect. Immun. 55: 1914–1918). In this study certain characteristics of the interaction between plasmin and the receptor expressed on a group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, strain 64 14 , were examined. Binding occurred optimally at physiologic pH and ionic strength. The KD was 5 × 10−11 m and there were approximately 800 receptors per bacterium. Mouse passage of strain 64 had no significant effect on the KD of the receptor. Binding of plasmin to the bacteria was inhibited by lysine and epsilon-aminocaproic acid in a concentration dependent manner. Similarly these amino acids would displace pre-bound plasmin from the bacteria. These findings suggest a role for plasmin's high affinity lysine binding site in the interaction of plasmin with the bacteria.
Genetic variation in ornamental apple trees and their seedlings (Malus, Rosaceae) revealed by DNA 'fingerprinting' with the M13 repeat probe.

DNA samples from 23 ornamental apple trees as well as from 55 seedling offspring were separately digested with restriction enzymes and Southern blot hybridized to the minisatellite M13 repeat probe. The ripple trees yielded 8 or 10 different fragment patterns depending on the enzyme utilized whereas each seedling exhibited a unique pattern. Genetic diversity, as estimated by applying a similarity index to the fragment patterns to be associated with known levels of genetic relatedness, Paternity could be tentatively suggested for 21 of the seedlings investigated.
Special relativity and the intrinsicality of shape

Shape properties are often considered paradigmatic intrinsic properties. For instance, David Lewis (1986) appeals to the intrinsicality of shape in his famous argument from temporary intrinsics against endurantism. However, from special relativity (SR), it follows that the three-dimensional shapes of objects aren't intrinsic to them.1,2,3 To see this, consider two (three or four-dimensional) objects, O1 and O2, both moving close to the speed of light at a constant velocity with O1 moving faster than O2 relative to a third object, O3. The shape of …
Episodic Abiotic Stress as a Potential Contributing Factor to Onset and Severity of Disease Caused by Phytophthora ramorum in Rhododendron and Viburnum

Phytophthora ramorum attacks many forest and nursery species, primarily causing trunk or stem cankers, foliar blight, and dieback, and in some species root infection has been demonstrated. However, the abiotic and edaphic factors that influence infection and disease development are unresolved. Root infection by P. ramorum and the potential for mild abiotic stress in disease predisposition was examined with Rhododendron hybrid Cunningham's White and Viburnum tinus cv. Spring Bouquet. To impose water stress in a uniform and synchronous manner, osmotic stress induced with 0.2 M NaCl was selected. Roots were exposed to NaCl for 16 to 24 h in modified hydroponic culture or standard potting soil, removed from the NaCl, and then inoculated with zoospores. In the hydroponic regime, disease symptoms developed in Rhododendron and V. tinus plants within 1 week after inoculation of salt-stressed roots, whereas symptom development was delayed in nonstressed, inoculated plants. Microscopic examination of roots from both species revealed that their apices were covered with sporangia of P. ramorum. On potted Rhododendron plants inoculated by applying zoospores directly to the soil, stem lesions developed rapidly in salt-stressed plants, with death of the plant occurring within 4 weeks after inoculation. Nonstressed plants survived for 6 to 8 weeks before succumbing to disease, and symptom development in these plants was delayed by 1 to 2 weeks relative to the inoculated, salt-stressed plants. A postinfection episode of salt stress to inoculated roots in the hydroponic regime resulted in significantly faster development of stem lesions in Rhododendron relative to nonstressed, inoculated plants.
Hippocrates and lead poisoning.

I very much appreciated the well written and informative review of lead toxicity by Gracia and Snodgrass,[1][1] but, being a fan of history and irony, I feel the urge to add one comment. The Waldron[2][2] communication that they cite in their first sentence, which suggests that Hippocrates described
In situ orientation of linear low density polyethylene films subjected to Mode I fracture load

An in situ technique has been developed to study the deformation and orientation near a crack tip during Mode I fracture. The technique employs a pair of rotating crossed polar films positioned on either side of the sample. Images gained from transmitted light show kidney shaped process zones ahead of the crack tip that increase in size with deflection, primarily by isotropic expansion. Extinction bands, which are regions of either unoriented material or material oriented in the direction of one of the two polars, are observed as a function of the angular position of the polars with respect to the loading direction. A set of extinction bands at various crossed polar positions provides orientation direction information within the sample. Continuous flow of the molecules around the crack tip is observed at several stages of deformation and for all films tested. The orientation field around the crack tip evolves with increasing radius of curvature of the crack tip. A transition in orientation is observed when the cracks are coincident with the orientation direction of the film but not when they are normal to the orientation direction. The technique of rotating crossed polars is successfully used to determine the orientation direction in the vicinity of a crack tip for linear low density polyethylene during several stages of Mode I loading. The advantage of the technique is that in situ data may be collected quickly when compared to techniques such as X-ray scattering, which rely on data collection through scanning and not the parallel data collection utilized herein. The authors acknowledge that this technique is limited to material that transmits light.
BMI Based Robust Optimal Control Synthesis via Sensitivity Minimization

This paper revisits the sensitivity minimization approach with new formulation and synthesis methodology. The new robust control synthesis approach is presented here with a numerical example of an application to a header height control of combine harvester machine. The proposed synthesis methodology is compared with the H∞ control design by comparing the performance of controllers designed using both techniques. The results indicate that the proposed methodology provides a viable alternative for robust controller synthesis and can even be better in robust performance in many cases.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Gaining Strategic and Organizational Capability in a Turbulent Business Environment

Being an executive in the late 1980s and the 1990s will be like playing basketball with a moving basket. With increasing rates of environmental changes as well as the diversified nature of most large firms, continuity and durability of organizational strategy no longer guarantee success. Drafting 5or 10-year strategic plans becomes an exercise in futility when the organizational environment changes so dramatically that long-term plans fail to adjust for transient targets. To compete in this and the next decade of transformation requires that executives create and maintain organizational assumptions and practices that help clarify and cope with continual environmental change. This article proposes executive actions that can increase strategic and organizational capability in turbulent times.
Writing Assignments in Statistics Classes Encourage Students to Learn Interpretation

Students in four statistics classes received different amounts of guidance and instruction in interpretive skills. Students who wrote press releases free of statistical jargon acquired better computational and interpretive skills than did students in a traditional class. Emphasis on interpretation was not associated with greater conceptual knowledge. Writing assignments appear to focus students' attention on the context and rationale for the statistics. This technique can also he used in other courses.
Sensitivity analysis of a photonic crystal structure for index-of-refraction sensing

We present the optical characterization of an all-dielectric photonic crystal (PC)-based guided resonance filter sensitive to index-of-refraction changes in aqueous solutions. Spectral peak width was found to be 9.8 and 4.4 nm around 816 nm (water media), corresponding to a quality factor Q of 83 and 181, respectively. A spectral shift of peak wavelength with index change of 130 nm/RIU was observed for bulk fluid experiments. Measured peak shift (Dl=0.2nm) corresponds to a detectable index change Dn=1.5×10-3.
Continuing medical education article-skin treatment: Photodynamic therapy: indications and treatment.

Learning Objectives The reader is presumed to have a broad understanding of aesthetic and/or dermatologic procedures and concepts. After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Review the history of photodynamic therapy using 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) and its use in modern medicine. 2. Describe clinical uses of ALA-PDT that have been studied and shown to be effective. 3. Discuss ALA-PDT pretreatment regimens. 4. Avoid potential complications of ALA-PDT treatment, and provide appropriate posttreatment instructions to patients.