cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health maintenance in a primary care clinic for urban, indigent adults.

Abstract Objective: The objective was to examine the delivery of preventive health care services in an urban clinic for indigent adults and the impact of advanced practice nursing on these practices. Design: The study design was a descriptive chart review. Setting and Subjects: Data were collected in an urban outpatient clinic. Seven hundred sixty-five records were examined prospectively for health maintenance. Of these records, 523 were randomly selected and reviewed retrospectively for completion of health maintenance. The mean age of participants was 45.15 years (SD = 9.87); 92% were African American, and 48.9% were male. Instruments: The Health Maintenance Form was used to record data about demographics, health history, care provider, and completion of 10 health maintenance items. Methods: Records were reviewed prospectively prior to the patient's clinic visit. A form summarizing the patient's health maintenance status was placed at the front of the record. At least 4 weeks later, the record was reviewed a second time for completion of health maintenance items. This second review was the data collection phase. Results: Completion of health maintenance items was found to be low. The most up-to-date areas were serum cholesterol (83.9%) and mammography (70.1%). The lowest levels were rectal examination (34.5%), pneumococcal vaccination (35%), and fecal occult blood test (37.1%). Patients followed up by a nurse practitioner had significantly more health maintenance areas up-to-date than did patients followed-up by the nurse practitioner-physician team, which in turn had significantly more areas up-to-date than did patients followed up by a physician alone. Conclusions: Health maintenance was accomplished at a low level, indicating that preventive health practices need to be re-evaluated. The nurse practitioner had the greatest impact on a patient's health maintenance being up-to-date. (J WOCN 2001;28:129-40.)
Saturable, high affinity binding of serum amyloid A (SAA3) to rabbit fibroblasts

Rabbit serum amyloid A (SAA3; Mr 14 kDa) is a novel form of SAA that is produced by rabbit synovial fibroblasts and that acts as an autocrine factor in these cells to induce production of collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1). In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which SAA3 binds to monolayers of synovial fibroblasts. Using 125I-SAA, we demonstrate that SAA3 binds to rabbit fibroblasts with characteristics consistent with the existence of cellular receptors. Binding is specific and satarable, with an affinity of about 20 nM and approximately 800,000 sites/cell. Cross-linking studies with 125I-SAA reveal cross-linked proteins of 92, 72 and 53 kDA. Over time, there is a decrease in amount of125I-SAA binding to cells, perhaps due to internalization/down regulation of receptors and/or some degradation of the ligand. We conclude that rabbit SAA3 is one of several proteins that stimulates collagenase synthesis via specific cellular receptors, and we suggest that this redundancy in inductive pathwa...
Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma of the skin.

Abstract: : A 2-month-old white girl had a congenital, tan-colored, slightly elevated, 3 × 2-cm plaque on the left midback. Clinically, the lesion was suspected to be a solitary masiocytoma. Rubbing the lesion produced a transient erythema and edema that was similar to Darier sign seen in mastocytoma. Analysis of a skin biopsy specimen revealed a smooth muscle hamartoma; special stains did not show evidence of increased numbers of mast cells. This relatively uncommon condition can be confused with a variety of other cutaneous diseases. Light microscopic examination of a skin biopsy specimen establishes the diagnosis. A review of the approximately 50 cases reported in the literature showed that there is no known associated systemic involvement or malignant transformation. The clinical lesions usually become less prominent with time.
SURGICAL REMOVAL OF SMALL RENAL TUMORS—GOING, GOING, GONE?

unrelated causes during the study period. These authors have extensive experience with percutaneous radio frequency ablation, and are to be applauded for continued accurate reporting of their results.9 These data further emphasize that patients with smaller, exophytic renal lesions may be suitable to percutaneous radio frequency ablation. These results widen the scope of treatments and “treatable” patients with renal cell carcinoma, as these procedures are performed under only intravenous sedation. This fact is particularly relevant since many of our patients with renal tumors have numerous comorbidities and are often poor surgical candidates. So what does the future hold for urologists treating renal tumors? Until urologists are able to identify which renal tumors should be followed, ablated or surgically excised based on novel serum or radiographic testing, treatment decisions will be made based on tumor size, location, patient age and comorbidities. Larger T1 and T2 tumors should be removed, and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, with or without hand assistance, remains common practice in 2005. Smaller tumors may be ablated, in many cases under intravenous sedation on an outpatient basis, which will usher in collaboration between specialties in many centers. In fact, select reports have appeared in radiology journals, reflecting the fact that at certain institutions needle ablative therapy has been a multidisciplinary effort.9 Undoubtedly this is an area in evolution and, while it remains unclear which ablative techniques will be performed, it is imperative that urologists remain at the forefront of ablative technology to remain skillful providers for all patients with renal cancer.
Thin-film tunable filters for hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy

Hyperspectral imaging is a powerful tool that acquires data from many spectral bands, forming a contiguous spectrum. Hyperspectral imaging was originally developed for remote sensing applications; however, hyperspectral techniques have since been applied to biological fluorescence imaging applications, such as fluorescence microscopy and small animal fluorescence imaging. The spectral filtering method largely determines the sensitivity and specificity of any hyperspectral imaging system. There are several types of spectral filtering hardware available for microscopy systems, most commonly acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) and liquid crystal tunable filters (LCTFs). These filtering technologies have advantages and disadvantages. Here, we present a novel tunable filter for hyperspectral imaging—the thin-film tunable filter (TFTF). The TFTF presents several advantages over AOTFs and LCTFs, most notably, a high percentage transmission and a high out-of-band optical density (OD). We present a comparison of a TFTF-based hyperspectral microscopy system and a commercially available AOTF-based system. We have characterized the light transmission, wavelength calibration, and OD of both systems, and have then evaluated the capability of each system for discriminating between green fluorescent protein and highly autofluorescent lung tissue. Our results suggest that TFTFs are an alternative approach for hyperspectral filtering that offers improved transmission and out-of-band blocking. These characteristics make TFTFs well suited for other biomedical imaging devices, such as ophthalmoscopes or endoscopes.
Insulation Characteristics of Fabric Assemblies

This research was conducted to assess thermal transmittance and air permeability of selected textile fabrics in single and multilayer configurations Fabric geometry was found to contribute significantly to both the thermal transmittance and the air permeability of the assemblies. Fabrics representing a range of fibers, yarn structures and fabric constructions were used to develop model textile assemblies which op timize thermal transmittance and air permeability. The findings of the study provide an understanding of the insulation performance of textile fabrics and fabric assem blies in a variety of applications, ranging from apparel to thermal insulation used in buildings.
Effect of sepiolite filler on mechanical behaviour of a bisphenol A-based epoxy system

Abstract Sepiolite/epoxy systems, characterised by an inorganic content from 2% to 10% by weight, were tested by using different experimental techniques in order to assess the effects thermo-mechanical and fracture behaviour. It was found that filler dispersion is independent on the type of sepiolite used, i.e. hydrated and de-hydrated, whereas the addition of hydrated sepiolite strongly increases the viscosity of the final suspension. Mechanical properties have been investigated and discussed. The conservative modulus of the sepiolite/epoxy system increases as much as 21% and 94% respectively, at 35 °C and 200 °C respect to the unfilled polymer, with the incorporation of 10 wt% of sepiolite, both hydrated and dehydrated, with a slightly increasing of the corresponding glass transition temperature. The effect of sepiolite on the coefficient of thermal expansion lead to a variation in both glassy and rubbery region, respectively of about 7–8% and 9%. Fracture toughness analysis revealed that the critical stress intensity factor negligibly changes by increasing the sepiolite content, whereas the critical strain energy release rate (GIC) reaches an noteworthy value around 30% higher than neat epoxy.
Orientational Order Parameters in Solid Hydrogen: A Density Matrix Approach

Abstract We consider the description of the orientational degrees of freedom of ortho-H2, molecules in terms of density matrices and the irreducible tensorial operators assoiated with unit angular momentum. The range of allowed values for the orientational order parameters is determined from the positivity conditions imposed on the density matrix.
All-optical compact silicon comb switch.

We demonstrate a 1×2 all-optical comb switch using a 200 µm diameter silicon ring resonator with a switching time of less than 1 ns. The switch overcomes the small bandwidth of the traditional ring resonator, and works for wavelength division multiplexing applications. The device has a footprint of ~0.04 mm2 and enables switching of a large number (~40) of wavelength channels spaced by ~0.85 nm.
Egg Production and Shell Quality in Temperature and Light Controlled Versus Uncontrolled Environment

Abstract THE factors that affect egg shell strength have been the subject of a considerable number of studies. Special attention has centered on the age of the bird (Morgan and Mitchell, 1938) and on environmental temperature (Warren and Schnepel, 1940; Wilhelm, 1940; Mueller, 1959, and others) two factors which are believed to be inversely related to shell strength. Since these studies did not include long-term observations on birds kept under constant moderate temperature conditions, the effect of environmental temperature could not be completely separated from that of age and seasonal physiological rhythms which have been shown to exist in the laying hen for several metabolic characteristics (Winchester, 1940). Therefore in the present study observations of seasonal and age effects were made on egg characteristics of birds kept in an environment where temperature and light were controlled, and on control birds kept in a natural environment with regard to temperature and light …
Introducing the global medical community to the information presented at local scientific conferences through nephrology blogs

An increasing number of healthcare providers author medical blogs (bloggers) to educate the public and fellow physicians. Traditionally, many bloggers have assumed that readers are most interested in information presented at prestigious and popular scientific meetings. As a result, the readers and bloggers often ignore blogs of local scientific meetings. We hypothesize that blog readers will utilize blogs about local scientific meetings less than those about national meetings. We examined nephrology-pertinent blogs from 2010-2012. Blogs were categorized as "local/regional" or "national/international" based on the majority of the audience that attended the live scientific meeting. We tracked the number of pageviews, reading time, and location of use per blog for the first 90-days after its first availability on the website. Wilcoxon testing was performed on all data. There were 9 local/regional and 11 national/international scientific meetings for which blogs were available. The mean number of page views was significantly lower in blogs from local/regional than national/international conferences (84.7 versus 160.3, respectively; p < 0.01). However, the mean difference in total reading time between both categories of blogs was not significant (p = 0.25). Data from this investigation do not fully support the hypothesis that readers utilized local/regional blogs less than national/international blogs. Although local/regional blogs attracted fewer readers (lower pageviews), the content in these blogs was compelling enough to keep the reader equally engaged as with national/international blogs.
EXAFS studies of silicate glasses containing uranium

Abstract Sodium silicate glasses containing hexavalent uranium ions have been studied using the EXAFS technique. The U 6+ ions appear in the uranyl configuration with two oxygen atoms at 1.85 A and four to five at 2.2–2.3 A. In the glasses (0.25Na 2 O·0.75SiO 2 ) 1− x (UO 3 ) x with x = 0.02 to x = 0.1, planar (or nearly planar) uranium containing clusters, wi U-U distances of 3.3 A, are observed. A layered model is proposed to describe these glasses.
Vinclozolin does not alter progesterone receptor (PR) function in vivo despite inhibition of PR binding by its metabolites in vitro.

Vinclozolin, a dicarboximide fungicide, alters morphological sex differentiation in male rats following perinatal exposure. The occurrence of these abnormalities correlates with the in vivo formation of two antiandrogenic metabolites of vinclozolin, (i.e. 2-[[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy]-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid (Mt) and 3',5'-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide (M2)), which are potent inhibitors of rat androgen receptor binding. As steroid hormone receptors exhibit promiscuity in their ability to bind different ligands, the present study evaluated the ability of these vinclozolin metabolites to bind to the estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in vitro, and to alter ER and PR function following in vivo exposure. To this end, in vitro ligand binding assays demonstrated that both M1 and M2 can compete with endogenous ligand for binding to the PR (Ki = 400 and 60 microM, respectively). In contrast, neither metabolite exhibited the ability to bind ER. Subsequent in vivo studies to evaluate the potential of vinclozolin to alter ER or PR function demonstrate that, (1) the estrogen-dependent increases in uterine weight and PR induction were not altered by vinclozolin; (2) the distribution of nuclear and cytosolic PR was not altered following short-term vinclozolin exposure; and (3) vinclozolin did not disrupt ovulation in cycling female rats. These studies indicate that although vinclozolin metabolites can compete for binding to the PR in vitro, concentrations of these metabolites do not reach sufficient levels to disrupt female reproductive function following short-term in vivo exposure to vinclozolin. In addition, these studies demonstrate the importance of correlating in vitro receptor binding data with in vivo studies in order to understand the physiological consequences of exposure to environmental toxicants.
Fast convergent key distribution algorithms using a dual quantum channel

This paper presents three new algorithms over a dual quantum channel to enhance the convergence speed of the key distribution process. The proposed algorithms effectively use a dual quantum channel between the communicating entities and, when combined with the proposed selection of the basis, improve the efficiency of the key distribution process as well as deter Eve. With the use of an initialization vector (IV), the proposed algorithm does not necessitate information exchange about the bases between Alice and Bob, thus removing the requirement of the availability of a two-way conventional channel. Simultaneously, it allows the detection of the presence of Eve in real time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Tetraazaannulene Hosts for Fullerenes

Two modifications to the doubly concaved host molecules based on well-known nickel tetraazaannulene complexes have resulted in the preparation of the compounds Ni(NapTMTAA)·2benzene, 1,6,8,15,17-tetramethyldinapthalene-5,9,14,18-tetraazacyclotetradecinatonickel(II), and Ni(Cl4TMTAA)·CH2Cl2, 2,3,11,12-tetrachloro-6,8,15,17-tetramethyldibenzo-5,9,14,18-tetraazacyclotetradecinatonickel(II). When crystallized with C60 in carbon disulfide, the crystalline, well-ordered, host−guest compounds Ni(NapTMTAA)·C60·2CS2 and Ni(Cl4TMTAA)·C60·2CS2 were formed. The compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of the precursor host molecules showed very strong host−host interactions, particularly in the case of Ni(Cl4TMTAA), which had short Ni···Ni interactions of 3.3860(11) and 3.5888(11) A in the two different dimers in the asymmetric unit; yet, these host−host interactions were entirely destroyed in the resultant host−guest compounds, and C60 molecules were shown to make use of both cus...
Glucose-fructose equilibria on Dowex Monosphere 99 CA resin under overloaded conditions

Abstract Matching of the numerical simulation of the band propagation with experimental elution profiles of glucose and fructose was used to obtain the adsorption isotherms of glucose and fructose at 70°C on Dowex Monosphere 99 CA resin (Dow Chemical), an adsorbent widely used in the high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) industry. The respective distribution coefficients, K G = 0.245 + 0.0051 c G + 0.003 c F and K F = 0.47 + 0.007 c G + 0.0049 c F , are non-linear and dependent on the concentrations of both sugars. Contrary to some previous reports, the height equivalent to a theoretical plate of glucose (2.7 cm) was less than that of fructose (3.5 cm). The ideal chromatographic model with the band spreading originating in an implicit way from the numerical integration of the appropriate partial differential equation was found suitable to fit the coupled, non-linear behavior of glucose-fructose mixtures and can be a useful tool for modelling and optimization of the industrial simulated moving bed HFCS process.
Reflection of plane waves at planar achiral–chiral interfaces: independence of the reflected polarization state from the incident polarization state

Reflection of plane waves at planar achiral–chiral interfaces has been examined in order to broaden, and to reinterpret, the Brewster law. New relations between the Fresnel reflection coefficients for this interface have also been obtained.
The behavior of the weyl function in the zero-dispersion KdV limit

The moment formulas that globally characterize the zero-dispersion limit of the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation are known to be expressed in terms of the solution of a maximization problem. Here we establish a direct relation between this maximizer and the zero-dispersion limit of the logarithm of the Jost functions associated with the inverse spectral transform. All the KdV conserved densities are encoded in the spatial derivative of these functions, known as Weyl functions. We show the Weyl functions are densities of measures that converge in the weak sense to a limiting measure. This limiting measure encodes all of the weak limits of the KdV conserved densities. Moreover, we establish the weak limit of spectral measures associated with the Dirichlet problem.
Fate of oil from two major oil spills: Role of microbial degradation in removing oil from the Amoco Cadiz and IXTOC I spills

Abstract The fate of oil was examined in intertidal sediments impacted by the Amoco Cadiz spill in Brittany, France, and in surface waters contaminated by the IXTOC I well blowout in the Bay of Campeche, Mexico. The role of microbial degradation in removing the contaminating hydrocarbons was assessed by laboratory determinations of numbers of hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms, measurement of microbial hydrocarbon biodegradation potentials, by chemical analyses of samples incubated under controlled conditions and by examination of the evolution of the hydrocarbon mixture in field samples collected after the spill. Analyses included the use of 14 C radiolabelled hydrocarbon tracers, glass capillary-gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Numbers of hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms were found to be elevated by several orders of magnitude in oil contaminated samples. Numbers of hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms appear to provide a useful index of environmental hydrocarbon contamination. However, environmental constraints on microbial processes appear to be most important in determining actual rates of biodegradation rather than numbers of available hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms. Very high rates of degradation were found in intertidal sediments impacted by the Amoco Cadiz spill. In contrast, rates of degradation in the Gulf of Mexico were found to be much lower, partly due to nutrient limitations and partly due to the formation of large masses of oil-water emulsion or mousse.
Mechanical Properties of Single-Melt PAM Processed Ti-6Al-4V Forgings

Ti-6Al-4V pancakes were manufactured by alpha-beta forging using single-melt (SM) plasma arc melt (PAM) billet stock at three oxygen levels, 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 wt%, along with a standard double vacuum arc remelted (2XVAR) billet stock at 0.17 wt% oxygen for baseline comparison. Mechanical properties of forgings in the mill-, recrystallization- and beta-annealed conditions were then characterized by microstructure examination, tensile, smooth bar axial fatigue and fracture toughness testing in radial orientation. The effect of oxygen content on mechanical properties of the forgings was assessed. All SM PAM forgings exhibited slightly higher tensile and fatigue strength compared to those of 2XVAR. The fracture toughness values decreased with increasing oxygen content. Microstructures of all forgings were similar to those of conventional alpha-beta forgings. The data presented in this paper can be useful to designers in their efforts to introduce low-cost SM PAM Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-6-4) alloy forgings into various U.S. defense applications.
29 Si NMR sensitivity enhancement methods for the quantitative study of organosilicate hydrolysis and condensation

Abstract Quantitative kinetic studies of silicon sol–gel chemistry have proven difficult in the past because the analytical methods currently available are often incapable of providing the requisite temporal resolution or structural information. In the case of 29Si NMR spectroscopy, low isotopic abundance, a small, negative magnetogyric ratio, and long relaxation times contribute to experimental difficulty. Typically this can be overcome through the use of paramagnetic relaxation agents, but we find at neutral pH that the relaxation agents Cr(acac)3 and MnCl2 influence reaction rates. In an effort to avoid the use of potentially reactive relaxation agents, we investigate the quantitative accuracy of the polarization transfer pulse sequence, 29Si RINEPT+ (Refocused Insensitive Nuclei by Polarization Transfer). Due to signal enhancement and shorter acquisition time, RINEPT+ holds promise for use in the study of silicon reaction kinetics when methylated organosilicate starting compounds are used.
Quantitation of specific proteins in polyacrylamide gels by the elution of Fast Green FCF.

The quantitation of proteins in polyacrylamide gels stained with Fast green FCF has been investigated using a modification of the elution technique originally described by Fenner et al. (Fenner, C., Traut, R.R., Mason, D.T. and Wikman-Coffelt, J. (1975) Anal. Biochem. 63, 595--602) for Coomassie Blue and adapted by Medugorac (Medugorac, I. (1979) Basic Res. Cardiol. 74, 406--416) for use with proteins stained with Fast Green FCF. The elution of dye from stained protein was accomplished using 1.0 M NaOH instead of aqueous pyridine as required by the original method. The primary advantages of our modification are that the time required for protein quantitation has been considerably reduced and the use of toxic organic solvents has been eliminated. We have investigated the applicability of the method of several different proteins and our results indicate: (a) The quantity of Fast Green FCF eluted from specific proteins is proportional to the quantity of protein applied to the gel, but varies for each individual protein. (b) The method allows quantitation over a very wide range of protein (1--800 micrograms). (c) Quantitation of protein is independent of the width of the stained bands as well as acrylamide concentration. (d) The method is applicable to gels of many types including disc, slab and continuous gradient gels. (e) Protein can be estimated from the patterns obtained by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (f) The presence of Triton X-100 in gel and protein sample does not affect quantitation; the method is applicable to gels containing SDS provided that SDS is removed prior to staining. (g) Precipitation of protein with 12.5% TCA following electrophoresis does not interfere with quantitation. (h) The reproducibility of the technique is excellent, with standard deviations being less than 10% of the mean in all cases. This method appears highly versatile but requires appropriate standards for the quantitation of individual proteins.
A constitutive formulation for anisotropic materials suitable for wave propagation computer programs. II

The constitutive relationships for an anisotropic material are established for shock wave propagation and nonlinear, large deformation computer programs, commonly referred to as hydrocodes. Stresses are formulated in terms of strains; the procedure for separating material compressibility effects (equation of state) from strength effects is formulated which permits the consistent calculation of stresses in the elastic regime, and allows the mean pressure to be defined in accordance with their scalar interpretations. Futher, this procedure permits the computation of inelastic response by scaling of deviatoric stresses, so the equivalent stress resides on a yield or failure surface, without changing the pressure. The procedure for computing the equivalent plastic strain and non-radial return to the yield surface, which results from a calculated overstress, is developed. Also, the transformation matrices for large deformation (rotation), necessary for transformation between material and geometric coordinates, are presented.
Pediatric outpatient intravenous rehydration.

Abstract There is considerable variation in emergency department practices concerning the use of intravenous (IV) rehydration. Sixty-eight patients seen in a pediatric emergency room and requiring IV rehydration were studied prospectively. Fiffy-eight patients were rehydrated in the emergency room, and 10 were admitted for rehydration. Fluid resuscitation ranged from 14 to 103 ml/kg (mean, 40 ml/kg). Following emergency department rehydration, two patients required subsequent emergency department rehydration, and one patient was admitted for rehydration. To determine outpatient IV rehydration practices, 214 pediatric training programs were surveyed. Of 173 respoedents, 77 (44.5%) carry out IV rehydration in the emergency department in less than 5% of cases, and 115 (66,4%) perform it in less than 10% of cases; only 11.7% of programs carry out IV rehydration in the emergency department in most cases requiring such therapy. It is concluded that from the standpoints of cost effectiveness and patient acceptance, outpatient IV rehydration should be considered more offen as a treatment option.
Chiral Recognition of Dicarboxylate Anions by Sapphyrin-Based Receptors

The synthesis and characterization of the open-chain and cyclic sapphyrin dimers 2−4 and 7, bearing various bisamide spacers is reported. This family of receptors was shown to display excellent recognition properties for various dicarboxylate anions, as judged from mass spectrometric analyses, U-tube aqueous I/CH2Cl2/aqueous II through-model-membrane transport experiments, and equilibrium binding studies. These latter were carried out in either methanol or dichloromethane using 1H or 2H NMR and visible spectroscopic titrations. The flexible, first-generation system 2, featuring a 1,3-bisamidopropane spacer was found to display a high affinity for dicarboxylate anions even in polar solvents, such as methanol. Within a range of substrates, this receptor showed a strong preference toward linear over bent, and aromatic over aliphatic dicarboxylate anions, a fact that is readily rationalized in terms of extra, stabilizing π−π, CH···π, or CH···N interactions. This latter CH···N hydrogen-binding motif was observ...
Pharmacotherapy response and diagnostic validity in atypical depression

Abstract Background: The validity of diagnostic criteria and the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressant pharmacotherapy for atypical depression were studied in the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Methods: Outpatients with major depressive disorder (N=239) entered a 16-week clinical trial and were randomly assigned to interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, and imipramine or placebo with clinical management. Features of atypical depression were rated on the SADS and ISI and clinical outcome was measured on the HRSD and GAS. Results: Atypical features of mood reactivity and at least one reversed vegetative symptom of hypersomnia, hyperphagia or weight gain (25.2% patients) were predictive of pharmacotherapy non-responsiveness with imipramine compared to placebo. The additional features of diurnal mood variation, ‘leaden paralysis’, and ‘rejection sensitivity’ did not further distinguish an imipramine non-responsive subgroup. Imipramine did show significant effectiveness compared to placebo among non-atypical patients on measures of depressive symptom change. Limitations: The predictive influence of atypical features was not accounted for on the basis of depression severity. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the predictive validity of atypical features of major depressive disorder, including mood reactivity and at least one reversed vegetative symptom of either hypersomnia, hyperphagia, or weight gain, supporting the inclusion of atypical depressive features, with these criteria, in the DSM-IV.
BUFFON IN THE ROUND.

Abstract : The distribution of the number of intersections of a needle and the circumference of a circle is studied under two distinct assumptions on the random manner in which the former is tossed on the circle. Numerical results and graphs are provided. (Author)
Viscoelastic relaxation in simple liquids: an interaction-induced phenomenon

Abstract The dynamics of shear stress relaxation (SSR) in simple liquids is given by a time correlation function of a sum of anisotropic interactions. A theoretical framework for interaction-induced depolarized light scattering (DLS) spectra was applied with only minor modifications to calculate this correlation function. This approach predicts a distribution of relaxation times which is not unlike what is commonly observed in liquids, as well as demonstrating that its physical origin lies in the broad range of molecular motions that are involved in relaxing the liquid structure factor. A molecular dynamics simulation of SSR and DLS in a Lennard-Jones liquid confirms the overall similarity between the two types of processes. The differences that are seen consistent with our understanding of the connection of shear relaxation to localized structural dynamics and of DLS to long-range dipole-induced dipole interactions.
Simultaneous diaphragm and liver resection: a propensity-matched analysis of postoperative morbidity.

Background Although a concomitant diaphragm resection might be required at the time of hepatectomy to achieve tumor-free surgical margins, studies addressing its effect on postoperative morbidity and mortality have been inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine whether the need for diaphragm resection at the time of hepatectomy truly increases 30-day morbidity or mortality using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Study Design Data were obtained from the 2005-2010 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant User Files based on CPT coding. All patients undergoing a simultaneous liver and diaphragm resection were propensity-matched to a subset of liver resection patients not undergoing a diaphragm resection. The main outcomes measures were 30-day mortality and morbidity. Results One hundred and ninety-two patients who underwent combined liver and diaphragm resection were matched to 192 patients treated with liver resection alone. The need for concomitant diaphragm resection was associated with a higher overall complication rate (38.54% vs 28.65%; p = 0.048), major complication rate (33.33% vs 23.44%; p = 0.030), and respiratory complication rate (14.06% vs 7.81%; p = 0.058). Postoperative mortality was similar between groups. Combined diaphragm and liver resection was also associated with longer operative times (median 311 minutes vs 247.5 minutes; p Conclusions The results of this study, when taken into account with those reported previously, suggest that the need for diaphragm resection at time of hepatectomy increases postoperative morbidity but not mortality.
Eliot's the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

(2004). Eliot's the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The Explicator: Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 108-110.
The Evidence Base Supporting the Subtyping of Gamblers in Treatment

Introduction Recent reviews found problem gamblers are heterogeneous and recommended subtyping gamblers in treatment studies.
Structure-activity studies of β-carboline analogs

Abstract A number of β-carboline analogs have been obtained or synthesized, and their in vitro receptor affinities and in vivo antagonist activities determined. The choice of analogs was made in order to explore the importance of the N9-H, the aromatic nitrogen and the C3-ester moiety for high-receptor affinity and antagonist activity of this class of benzodiazepine antagonist. Among the analogs investigated, we describe the properties of 3-cyano-β-carboline ( lh ), the first potent β-carboline antagonist without a carbonyl at the C3-position. The results obtained indicate: (1) Specific interactions of the C3-substituent with key cationic receptor sites rather than electron-withdrawing properties are important for high-receptor affinity and antagonist activity. (2) Specific in-plane interactions of the atomatic nitrogen with a cationic receptor site, rather than stacking with neutral aromatic residues of the receptor are also important for high affinity and antagonist activity. (3) While the presence of an N9H enhances receptor affinity, interaction with an anionic receptor site does not appear essential for antagonist activity.
Secondary ion imaging of the distribution of δ′ (Al3Li) in Al-Li alloys

Abstract A high resolution scanning ion microprobe has been used, in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy, to study the distribution of the metastable δ' (Al3Li) phase in Al-Li alloys. Various secondary ions were used for chemical imaging (lateral resolution ∼ 80 nm) and their contrast aspects and formation mechanisms are discussed. δ' particles appeared dark in the 27Al+, 7Li+ and 34AlLi+ distribution maps despite their higher Li content than the α matrix (aluminum-lithium solid-solution). Maps generated from two molecular ions, 14Li+2 and 41Li2Al+, exhibited true chemical contrast in the images: the δ' precipitates appeared bright in accordance with the known Li distribution. Using retrospective image analysis, measurements were made of the secondary ion intensities displayed by the δ' particles and the α matrix. Efforts to calibrate the secondary ion intensities for quantitative analysis are also described. The unusual ion formation mechanism from δ' precipitates illustrates the coupled channel model of secondary particle emission: the observed favored emission of Li2 causes Li emission to be depressed.
Gene Amplification Permits Minimally Invasive Analysis of Fish Mitochondrial DNA

Abstract Fish DNA was extracted from epithelial tissue covering a few scales and used as template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified segments of the mitochondrial DNA gene for 12S ribosomal RNA were subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are described for several fish species. Direct sequencing of amplified segments from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus permitted interspecific comparisons and the development of detailed microrestriction maps that reveal diagnostic allelic variations between the two species. The protocol outlined in this report is offered as an alternative to conventional DNA analysis, which usually requires the obligatory sacrifice offish. It may be particularly advantageous when genetic analysis of valuable brood stock or endangered species is necessary because it obviates the need for animal sacrifice.
Characterization of Collagen Fiber Architecture in the Canine Diaphragmatic Central Tendon

The diaphragmatic central tendon (DCT), a collagenous soft tissue membrane, acts as a mechanical buffer between the costal and crural muscles. Its direction of mechanical anisotropy has been shown to correspond to the collagen fiber preferred directions. These preferred directions were determined by gross histological examination, and were thus qualitative. In this work we quantified the collagen fiber architecture throughout the DCT using small angle light scattering (SALS). Helium-Neon laser light was passed through tendon specimens and the resultant scattered light distribution, which characterized the local collagen fiber architecture, was recorded with a linear array of five photodiodes. Throughout the DCT two distinct collagen fiber populations were consistently found. For each population three parameters were determined: 1) the preferred directions of collagen fibers, 2) the volume fraction (Vf) of fibers, 3) OI, an orientation index, which ranges from 0 percent for a random network to 100 percent for a perfectly oriented network. Vector maps were used to display results from 1) and 2), and showed a primary group (G1) going from the crural to costal muscles and a secondary one (G2) running perpendicular to G1. Comparisons of Vf between G1 and G2 showed that G1 contained about three times as many fibers as G2, a ratio similar to that found for the degree of mechanical anisotropy. OI were found to be about 60 percent, indicating a high degree of orientation, with no significant regional or population differences (p less than 0.05). These quantitative results suggest that throughout the DCT the degree of mechanical anisotropy is controlled exclusively by Vf.
Racial variations in the effects of structural and psychological factors on depressive symptoms: A structural equation modeling approach

Despite the greater exposure to risk factors for psychiatric distress, African Americans in the United States have similar or lower rates of common psychiatric disorders compared to Whites. This paper assesses whether the effects of structural and psychological resources on depressive symptoms vary by race. Findings from the National Survey of American Life show that while income matters more for Whites, education is a stronger predictor of mental health among African Americans, and its effects are mediated by mastery and self-esteem. These findings shed light on the epidemiology of depression and identify significant mental health resources among African Americans and Whites.
An automatic network generator for design verification of electronic packages

The design and development of a non-manhattan multi-layered layout extractor is discussed. The tool extracts a physical database in DXF format and generates a SPICE compatible deck after accounting for discontinuities like bends, vias etc. and transmisson line effects in interconnects. Algorithms for identifying discontinuities and multi-conductor transmission line systems (MTLs) are presented. A model library architecture which provides the electrical models of frequently encountered geometric structures is briefly discussed. Extraction time for a typical single chip package on various hardware platforms is reported. The circuit equivalent of a sample structure, as interpreted by the program, is presented. A graphical user interface which aids in manual decomposition and verification of the package is briefly discussed.
Cognitive swarms for rapid detection of objects and associations in visual imagery

We have developed a new optimization-based framework for computer vision that combines ideas from particle swarm optimization (PSO) and statistical pattern recognition to rapidly and accurately detect and classify objects in visual imagery. Swarm intelligence is used to locate objects by optimizing the classification confidence level. We have used our cognitive swarm framework to rapidly detect people, ground vehicles, and boats, and to recognize behaviors based on object associations, such as people exiting and entering vehicles, for applications in security, surveillance, target recognition, and automotive active safety.
Norms and Contracting

We argue that contracts establish the norms of a relationship and that individuals incur disutility when deviating from these norms. In a laboratory experiment, we allow agents to make simple contracts before they play one of four games, and the most effective contract always includes an unenforceable “handshake” agreement to take the first-best action. In three games, a contract with only this handshake agreement is (at least weakly) optimal. The handshake is particularly effective in games with strategic complements. Our results highlight an explanation for contractual incompleteness: establishing a norm can effectively substitute for weak enforceable restrictions. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, Teck Ho, and Terrance Odean, special issue editors.
Self-organization phenomena in reaction?diffusion systems with non-integer order time derivatives

This paper considers a one-dimensional fractional reaction–diffusion model with a different order of derivative indices. The corresponding linear stability analysis is presented for any number of fractional derivative indices that are greater than zero but less than two. It was shown that instability can arise for the Hopf and the Turing modes. The self-organization phenomena are more diverse when the activator derivative index is greater than the inhibitor one than when the inhibitor variable index is greater. This analysis was supported by the results of computer simulations of the fractional nonlinear reaction–diffusion problem.
Stokes image reconstruction for two-color microgrid polarization imaging systems

The Air Force Research Laboratory has developed a new microgrid polarization imaging system capable of simultaneously reconstructing linear Stokes parameter images in two colors on a single focal plane array. In this paper, an effective method for extracting Stokes images is presented for this type of camera system. It is also shown that correlations between the color bands can be exploited to significantly increase overall spatial resolution. Test data is used to show the advantages of this approach over bilinear interpolation. The bounds (in terms of available reconstruction bandwidth) on image resolution are also provided.
The Dopamine D3 Receptor Knockout Mouse Mimics Aging-Related Changes in Autonomic Function and Cardiac Fibrosis

Blood pressure increases with age, and dysfunction of the dopamine D3 receptor has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. To evaluate the role of the D3 receptor in aging-related hypertension, we assessed cardiac structure and function in differently aged (2 mo, 1 yr, 2 yr) wild type (WT) and young (2 mo) D3 receptor knockout mice (D3KO). In WT, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and rate-pressure product (RPP) significantly increased with age, while heart rate significantly decreased. Blood pressure values, heart rate and RPP of young D3KO were significantly elevated over age-matched WT, but similar to those of the 2 yr old WT. Echocardiography revealed that the functional measurements of ejection fraction and fractional shortening decreased significantly with age in WT and that they were significantly smaller in D3KO compared to young WT. Despite this functional change however, cardiac morphology remained similar between the age-matched WT and D3KO. Additional morphometric analyses confirmed an aging-related increase in left ventricle (LV) and myocyte cross-sectional areas in WT, but found no difference between age-matched young WT and D3KO. In contrast, interstitial fibrosis, which increased with age in WT, was significantly elevated in the D3KO over age-matched WT, and similar to 2 yr old WT. Western analyses of myocardial homogenates revealed significantly increased levels of pro- and mature collagen type I in young D3KO. Column zymography revealed that activities of myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased with age in WTs, but in D3KO, only MMP-9 activity was significantly increased over age-matched WTs. Our data provide evidence that the dopamine D3 receptor has a critical role in the emergence of aging-related cardiac fibrosis, remodeling, and dysfunction.
Sequencing Expansion Projects

This paper examines the problem of finding the sequencing of a finite set of expansion projects that meets a deterministic demand projection at minimum discounted cost. For the particular situation defined, the tuning for a next expansion may be determined directly from knowledge of projected demand and present capacity. A dynamic programming formulation for sequencing projects is developed, and solution of an example problem demonstrates that other methods proposed for this problem are not, in general, valid. Extensions of the dynamic programming formulation to include interdependence between projects and joint selection of project scale and sequencing are indicated, and conditions for decomposition or direct solution of the sequencing problem are derived.
HIV: the hidden face of human trafficking.

Human trafficking emerges as one of the most significant social, legal, medical, and public health crises of our time. A relatively under-explored facet of human trafficking is the victim' risk to become infected with HIV and other sexually transmitted pathogens. Several studies reported that significant percentages of trafficking victims are HIV-positive. In addition, some of the HIV-positive victims are co-infected with hepatitis B, tuberculosis, or syphilis. The large numbers of clients, together with the unprotected sexual relationships that many trafficking victims are forced to have, greatly heighten their risk to become infected. Furthermore, just like trafficking, HIV represents a taboo topic in many societies worldwide, and the marginalization of rescued trafficking victims by families and society significantly compounds their suffering and increases their susceptibility for further abuse. The interface between human trafficking and HIV represents an important area that needs to be explored in future studies, and should receive increased attention from public health officials.