cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Probe into the“Teacher Talk”in English Class of Chinese-foreign Cooperatively-run Programme

The variety in students' English levels, the pressure of English proficiency test and the difficulty of foreign textbookspose a challenge to English teaching in Chinese-foreign cooperatively-run colleges. Based on the teaching practice of the HigherNational Diploma(HND) programme in the International College of Xiamen University, this paper explores the main problems ofEnglish class in cooperatively-run programme, namely, the dominance of teacher talk in class, the imbalance between Chinese andEnglish and limitation of teacher talk. This paper holds the view that the proper proportion of teacher talk to student talk, the appro-priate ratio of native language to target language, the diversity of teacher talk and teachers' good command of language play a pivot-al role in enhancing the teaching quality of Chinese-foreign cooperatively-run programme.
High Technology Products: The Future of Protectionism

The call for protectionism has traditionally occurred in technologically deficient industries such as steel. However, U.S. competitors appear to be engaging in supportive protectionism in high technology markets. This paper analyzes the impact of this protectionism on the U.S. jet transport industry and suggests that the industry be afforded protection so that it does not become the automobile industry of the 21st century.
How to do Animal Ethics

Many think doing animal ethics demands we see moral humanism as a speciesist prejudice of the kind found with sexism and racism. The only serious case for this rests on the Argument from Marginal Cases. We find that argument to the point, but show that properly understood it supports humanism. Understanding why it does this lets us see how we ought to go on in animal ethics.
CHAPTER 7 – Modeling Corporate Assets

Mtm systems analysis, and modeling of a company's assets and cash flow yield useful information for corporate policy definition and decision making. Utilization of assets is related to a myriad of company operating decisions that include budgeting, manpower loading, dividend posting, capital plowback, equipment acquisition, and levels of basic and applied research. Each operating decision impacts the health of a company. Systems analysis and modeling provide a holistic approach for improving asset utilization. Critical decision parameters can be included in a systems model either implicitly or explicitly, and system performance can be analyzed and adjusted to improve asset utilization. Improved utilization leads to higher earnings and company growth. A manufacturing company is analyzed as a systemic whole. Raw materials are processed into marketable products for sale to its customers.
Organization and Financing of Health Care

Publisher Summary Medicare was established by legislation in 1965 as Title XVIII of the Social Security Act and was aimed at providing mainstream acute health care—hospital, physician, and related services—for persons 65 years and over. Because of Medicare's limited benefits, private and public supplemental plans have been developed to meet older persons' additional needs for health insurance. Medicaid—a means-tested public benefit established at the same time as Medicare—subsidizes many poor older persons through several different arrangements. Other plans are employer-based retiree insurance and individual supplemental coverage policies that are provided by private insurers. Another option is essentially a hybrid, in which private health plans that contract with Medicare to provide Medicare-covered services also offer at least some additional supplemental benefits. Reform options stressing competition seek savings by relying on not only private plans but also competition among those plans. These options include allowing premiums paid by beneficiaries to vary such that those choosing higher cost plans pay substantially higher premiums.
An Examination of the Success of Developmental Air Traffic Controllers Transferring to Lower-Level Facilities

An assessment was completed of training outcomes for air traffic control (ATC) trainees allowed to transfer from their first, higher-level ATC facility to a less complex lower-level ATC facility. Transfers followed failure in field qualification training at the first facility. We found that training outcomes at the second facility were related to the types and complexity levels of the ATC facilities involved. Trainees succeeded significantly more often if transferred to small or medium towers than if transferred to a facility that combined tower and radar. We considered an inability of trainees to acquire radar skills to separate air traffic and age as contributing factors and suggested that additional research examining age upon entry and training success at facilities of varying complexity should be undertaken. This effort supports a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) strategic priority to build the workforce of the future by retaining trainees capable of controlling air traffic.
Cultural values and other perceived benefits of organized activities: A qualitative analysis of Mexican-origin parents’ perspectives in Arizona

ABSTRACTThe limited understanding on why Latino parents endorse organized activities is problematic given that these beliefs can help elucidate why they overcome barriers to support their children’s participation. In this study, we analyzed interviews from a diverse group of 34 Mexican-origin parents who resided in Arizona. Results of the study indicate that although organized activities were perceived as contexts that can help youth gain skills reflecting mainstream American values (e.g., school engagement, interpersonal skills), parents also thought that activities promoted positive behaviors associated with their ethnic culture based on traditional values related to respeto, familism, and religiosity. The implications of this study suggest that understanding Mexican-origin parents’ perspectives can help organized activity leaders design programs that fully address the benefits that families seek from organized activities.
Search for New Phenomena in Events with Large Jet Multiplicities

This chapter describes a search for new particles hidden in 8 TeV collisions producing many jets. After a first overview of the analysis, the next sections describe the supersymmetric signals, the data, and the triggers used, as well as the main reconstructed objects, kinematic variables and cleaning cuts used in the analysis. After that, the main backgrounds to the search are described, and the methods used to estimate them discussed, including the determination of their uncertainties. Finally, the last section includes an overview of the statistical procedure used to interpret the result, and the corresponding model-independent and model-dependent exclusion limits on new physics.
Potent Antifungal Synergy of Phthalazinone and Isoquinolones with Azoles Against Candida albicans

Four phthalazinones (CIDs 22334057, 22333974, 22334032, 22334012) and one isoquinolone (CID 5224943) were previously shown to be potent enhancers of antifungal activity of fluconazole against Candida albicans. Several even more potent analogues of these compounds were identified, some with EC50 as low as 1 nM, against C. albicans. The compounds exhibited pharmacological synergy (FIC < 0.5) with fluconazole. The compounds were also shown to enhance the antifungal activity of isavuconazole, a recently FDA approved azole antifungal. Isoquinolone 15 and phthalazinone 24 were shown to be active against several resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans.
Direct Cytosolic Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9-Ribonucleoprotein for Efficient Gene Editing

Genome editing through the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9-ribonucleoprotein (Cas9-RNP) reduces unwanted gene targeting and avoids integrational mutagenesis that can occur through gene delivery strategies. Direct and efficient delivery of Cas9-RNP into the cytosol followed by translocation to the nucleus remains a challenge. Here, we report a remarkably highly efficient (∼90%) direct cytoplasmic/nuclear delivery of Cas9 protein complexed with a guide RNA (sgRNA) through the coengineering of Cas9 protein and carrier nanoparticles. This construct provides effective (∼30%) gene editing efficiency and opens up opportunities in studying genome dynamics.
Improved conditions for a direct and regioselective synthesis of 8-carboxyethyl-7-deazaguanine

Abstract As deazaguanines have a broad range of applications, from medicinal research to supramolecular assemblies, simple pathways to functionalizable versions of this heterocycle are of noted importance. The cyclization reaction leading to deazaguanines is known to also lead to a furano-isomer, exclusively in some cases. 8-Carboxyethyl-7-deazaguanine (1) had failed to form through the typical cyclization conditions and previously required a considerably more longwinded synthetic approach to form over the furo-isomer (2). We report herein a more direct, simplified approach to 1 by iterative modification of the cyclization reaction conditions, which resulted in a complete reversal of regiochemistry in favor of the desired deazaguanine.
The Quorum Programming Language (Abstract Only)

Quorum is a relatively new programming language that was originally designed for students with disabilities. In recent years, as its adoption has increased worldwide in K-12 (largely in middle/high school) and at universities, it has expanded to be a powerful, commercial-grade, programming language that includes support for 3D gaming, music, and other fun and creative activities. While new features are designed for all, they maintain compatibility for people with disabilities, including a novel way for individuals who are blind to create 3D games. Finally, Quorum is the first language to use human-factors evidence from both field data and randomized controlled trials in its design. This approach provides the broader research community an organized way to influence the design of the language over time according to evidence based practices. We call this approach evidence-oriented programming. A laptop would help participants follow along with the session and handouts will be provided. Quorum can be found at https://www.quorumlanguage.com/.
Plastic deformation of B2-NiTi – is it slip or twinning?

AbstractThe work addresses two main questions that have baffled the shape memory research community. Firstly, the superb ductility of B2-NiTi cannot be solely attributed to slip on {0 1 1} planes, because there are not a sufficient number of independent slip systems under arbitrary deformations. We show unequivocally, upon diffraction measurements and local strain field traces, that deformation twinning on {1 1 4} planes that can provide additional systems to accommodate plastic flow is activated. Secondly, the slip direction on the {0 1 1} planes has not been established in NiTi with certainty. It is proved precisely to be in 0 0 1 direction based on crystallographic shear analysis producing the specific strain tensor components (measured at mesoscale with digital image correlation, DIC). Based on the single-crystal experiments, the CRSSs (critical resolved shear stress) are established as 250 and 330 MPa for slip and twinning, respectively. The results have implications in devising correct crystal plast...
Poor Adherence With Medication Refill and Medical Supplies Maintenance as Risk Factors for Inpatient Asthma Admission in Children.

Background. Asthma results in significant pediatric hospitalizations in the inner city. Many asthmatic children were admitted to our hospital as a result of lack of medications or medical supplies that had been previously prescribed (“ran out,” “broken,” or “lost”). Objective. To identify the incidence of children admitted for asthma because of lack of prescribed medications/supplies and to assess risk factors for poor adherence between groups. Methods. This was a prospective chart review of 200 asthmatic children admitted to Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit. The data included asthma severity, lack of prescribed medications/medical supplies, and outpatient management. Results. In all, 35.5% or 71/200 of asthmatic children admitted had lack of prescribed medication/supplies (9% lacked both). The most common deficiency was β2-agonist (20.5%; 41/200). Teenagers had the highest lack of medications/medical supplies (55.6%; 5/9) compared with toddlers (17.2%; 16/93) and preschoolers (17.9%; 5/28). Patie...
Group Administration of A Release from Proactive Inhibition Task for Children

A study of children’s release from proactive inhibition as a function of shift of evaluative connotation was replicated using a group-administered modification of Wickens’ short-term memory distractor technique. A total of 20 fourth graders, 21 fifth graders, and 21 sixth graders were tested with the group procedure. Results indicated that the group procedure may be an efficient alternative to the individual procedure for study of children’s word encoding. Suggestions were made for further study and possible modification of the task.
Simulation for Assessment of Milestones in Emergency Medicine Residents.

Introduction All residency programs in the United States are required to report their residents’ progress on the Milestones to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) biannually. Since the development and institution of this competency-based assessment framework, residency programs have been attempting to ascertain the best ways to assess resident performance on these metrics. Simulation was recommended by the ACGME as one method of assessment for many of the milestone subcompetencies. We developed 3 simulation scenarios with scenario specific Milestone based assessment tools. We aimed to gather validity evidence for this tool. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study to investigate the validity evidence for 3 mannequin-based simulation scenarios for assessing individual residents on Emergency Medicine (EM) milestones. The subcompetencies (i.e. PC1, PC2, PC3) included were identified via a modified Delphi technique using a group of experienced EM simulationists. The scenario specific checklist items were designed based on the individual milestone items within each EM subcompetency chosen for assessment and reviewed by experienced EM simulationists. Two independent live raters who were EM faculty at the respective study sites scored each scenario following brief rater training. The interrater reliability (IRR) of the assessment tool was determined by measuring intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the sum of the checklist (CL) items as well as the global rating scales (GRS) for each scenario. Comparing GRS and CL scores between various PGY levels was performed with ANOVA. Results Eight subcompetencies were chosen to assess with 3 simulation cases, using 118 subjects. Evidence of test content, internal structure, response process and relations with other variables were found. The ICCs for the sum of the CL items and the GRSs were > 0.8 for all cases, with one exception (clinical management GRS 0.74 in sepsis case). The Sum of Checklist items and GRSs (p<0.05) discriminated between post graduate (PGY) levels on all cases. However, when the specific CL items were mapped back to milestones in various proficiency levels, the milestones in the higher proficiency levels (level 3 & 4) did not often discriminate between various PGY levels. Level 3 milestone items discriminated between PGY levels on 5 out of 12 occasions they were assessed, and Level 4 items discriminated only 2 out of 12 times they were assessed. Conclusion Three simulation cases with scenario specific assessment tools allowed evaluation of EM residents on proficiency levels 1-4 within 8 of the EM Milestone subcompetencies. Evidence of test content, internal structure, response process and relations with other variables were found. Good to excellent IRR and the ability to discriminate between various PGY levels was found for both the sum of CL items and GRSs. However, there was a lack of a positive relationship between advancing PGY level and the completion of higher level milestone items (levels 3 and 4). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Prediction of the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Hollow Sphere Foams

Microscale and mesoscale hollow sphere foam (HSF) materials have attracted tremendous attention in recent decades due to their potential applications. Here, we study the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of HSFs using an equivalent model, in which hollow spheres are first treated as equivalent solid particles, and then are combined with the ETC models that have been previously developed for solid particle filled composites. Compared with the rule of mixture model and syntactic foam models, this model shows better accuracy in predicting the ETC of HSFs. The theoretical model, together with finite element simulations, is then used to guide the design of HSFs. The results show that smaller size (nanoscale), lower packing fraction, lower shell conductivity, larger shell porosity, longer binder length, and higher interfacial thermal resistance lead to significantly lower ETC, while packing pattern, sphere size distribution, pore size of the porous shell, and binder radius have relatively minor influences. M...
Differences in steady-state glutamate levels and variability between 'non-task-active' conditions: Evidence from 1H fMRS of the prefrontal cortex.

Abstract Proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H fMRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique capable of detecting dynamic changes in glutamate related to task-related demands at a temporal resolution under 1 min. Several recent 1H fMRS studies demonstrated elevated steady-state levels of glutamate of 2% or greater during different ‘task-active’ conditions, relative to a ‘non-task-active’ control condition. However, the ‘control’ condition from these studies does vary with respect to the degree of constraining behavior, which may lead to different glutamate levels or variability between ‘control’ conditions. The purpose of this 1H fMRS study was to compare the steady-state levels and variability of glutamate in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of 16 healthy adults across four different putative ‘non-task-active’ conditions: relaxed with eyes closed, passive visual fixation crosshair, visual flashing checkerboard, and finger tapping. Results showed significantly lower glutamate levels during the passive visual fixation crosshair than the visual flashing checkerboard and the finger tapping conditions. Moreover, glutamate was significantly less variable during the passive visual fixation crosshair and the visual flashing checkerboard than the relaxed eyes closed condition. Of the four conditions, the passive visual fixation crosshair condition demonstrated the lowest and least variable glutamate levels potentially reflecting the least dlPFC engagement, but greatest behavioral constraint. These results emphasize the importance of selecting a proper ‘control’ condition to reflect accurately a ‘non-task-active’ steady-state level of glutamate with minimal variability during 1H MRS investigations.
Information Processing in the Retina

Early retinal processing is involved with managing the set point for retinal neurons, taking care to keep all neural activity at a neutral point, about midway between their maximal and minimal activity levels. Most retinal neurons are active, receiving and transmitting even under ambient conditions. Light input alters the patterns of activity among these neurons. There is a general organizational plan for the inner retina whereby vertically oriented inhibition is carried by narrowly diffuse glycinergic amacrine cells and wide-field inhibition is carried by laterally oriented gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic amacrine cells. One role for the glycinergic amacrine cells is crossover inhibition that serves to correct for synaptic nonlinearities. There are at least five different antagonistic surround possibilities: Horizontal cell feedback, horizontal cell feedforward, GABAergic amacrine cell feed back, GABAergic amacrine cell feedforward, and glycinergic amacrine cell crossover inhibition. In addition to the general plan, there are specific circuitries that account for the unique behavior of individual ganglion cell types. A few examples of this specific circuitry are now available, and are described below.
The niche and morphology of the invasive Daphnia lumholtzi in a subtropical reservoir, 20 years after invasion

Funding was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (through the Sport Fish Restoration Program, Grant F-61-R to K.D.H), the University of Oklahoma Biological Station (through a Graduate Research Fellowship to J.E.B) and the University of Oklahoma Department of Biology (through an Adams Fellowship to J.E.B).
Pain in the Neurocritical Care Unit

Pain is ubiquitous in the neurocritical care unit, stemming both from a patient’s underlying pathophysiology and the requirement for invasive monitoring and therapies. Untreated pain begets problematic physiologic consequences across multiple organ systems. Effective analgesic regimens depend on reliable methods for monitoring pain levels as well as associated depth of sedation, and specific tools are available for both communicative and noncommunicative patients. Effective multimodal analgesia commonly includes a combination of pharmacologic agents to achieve optimal pain control while minimizing untoward side effects. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol, and dexmedetomidine are discussed due to their prevalence in critical care units.
SETD7 interacts with other chromatin-modifying factors to regulate cardiac development

Pioneer transcription factors are necessary, but not sufficient, for the transcription of many target genes during development. To carry out their function, these sequence-specific transcription factors usually recruit chromatin-modifying factors to specific enhancers and promoters, which regulate histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and nucleosome position to facilitate RNA Polymerase II occupancy and transcription of a specific battery of genes.
The Cloning, Exon Shuffling, and Expression of the HLA-Cw1 Gene

A genomic clone that encodes the HLA-CW1 gene was isolated from the B-lymphoblastoid cell line HOM2 (10th WS ID #9005). The gene was successfully expressed on murine L cells (J27) that had already been transfected with human beta-2 microglobulin. However, the level of expression was much lower than the HLA-A2 transfectant. The isoelectric focusing pattern for the HLA-Cwl antigen precipitated with the monoclonal antibody W6/32 from the metabolically labeled transfectant showed three distinct protein bands of equal intensity. Two hybrid genes were constructed from the HLA-Cwl and HLA-A2 genes. These hybrid genes were transfected into J27 and expressed on the cell surface. Isoelectric focusing analysis of these hybrid genes showed that a multiplicity of the HLA-Cwl gene products are controlled by the 5′ portion of the HLA-Cwl gene.
HaploHide: A Data Hiding Framework for Privacy Enhanced Sharing of Personal Genetic Data

Abstract Personal genetic data is becoming a digital commodity as millions of individuals have direct access to and control of their genetic information. This information must be protected as it can be used for reidentification and potential discrimination of individuals and relatives. While there is a great incentive to share and use genetic information, there are limited number of practical approaches for protecting it when individuals would like to make use of their genomes in clinical and recreational settings. To enable privacy-enhanced usage of genomic data by individuals, we propose a crowd-blending-based framework where portions of the individual’s haplotype is “hidden” within a large sample of other haplotypes. The hiding framework is motivated by the existence of large-scale population panels that we utilize for generation of the crowd of haplotypes in which the individual’s haplotype is hidden. We demonstrate the usage of hiding in two different scenarios: Sharing of variant alleles on genes and sharing of GWAS variant alleles. We evaluate hiding framework by testing reidentification of hidden individuals using numerous measures of individual reidentification. In these settings, we discuss how effective hiding can be accomplished when the adversary does not have access to auxiliary identifying information. Compared to the existing approaches for protecting privacy, which require substantial changes in the computational infrastructure, e.g., homomorphic encryption, hiding-based framework does not incur any changes to the infrastructure. However, the processing must be performed for every sample in the crowd and therefore data processing cost will increase as the crowd size increases.
Narcissus and Testimony: Guillaume de Machaut’s Fountain of Love

This chapter treats narcissism and selfhood, through the lens of testimony, in Guillaume de Machaut’s Fountain of Love (c. 1360). As a testimony to love, the text relates the encounter between a forlorn lover and a clerk who composes the lover’s lament for his beloved lady. Both learn that unreciprocated vision and speech, due to language’s polyvocal nature, work against their testimonial appeal. The story of Narcissus, at the center of the text, complicates testimony as well, for this is a tale that, having no witnesses who can speak of Narcissus’s demise, resists its own telling. The sole recourse the lover has, I posit, is to resort to the fantastical world of literature and dreams, where his wounds seemingly are healed and desire fulfilled.
Outcomes in adults with congenital heart disease and heterotaxy syndrome: A single-center experience.

Background Heterotaxy syndrome (HS) is a condition in which the thoracoabdominal organs demonstrate an abnormal lateral arrangement and is often associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). Little is known about the adult HS population with CHD. Objective To describe the outcomes and sociodemographics of the adult CHD population with HS. Methods Records of patients 18 years of age or older with diagnoses of both CHD and HS at Texas Children's Hospital from 1964 to 2018 were reviewed. Results Sixty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 22.7 [IQR 19.6-30.0] years; 26 (42%) were female; and 13 (21%) of patients had a gap in care of >3 years. Median follow-up time in adulthood was 2.9 [IQR 1.3-8.2] years. Forty-three (69%) of patients had single ventricle heart disease, 31 (71%) of whom completed Fontan circulation. A total of 36 interventions occurred in 24 patients which included 16 cardiac catherization interventions, 13 electrophysiology-related procedures, and 18 surgical procedures including 2 orthotopic heart transplants. The median age for death or heart transplant was 45.3 (95%CI 34.3-56.1) years. Heart failure-free survival was 80.8 ± 5.2%, 58.7 ± 11.0%, and 31.1 ± 15.7% at 20, 30, and 40 years old, respectively. Cerebrovascular accident-free survival was 84.3 ± 5.1%, 54.2 ± 11.3%, and 40.6 ± 14.5% at 20, 30, and 40 years old, respectively. Tachyarrhythmia-free survival was 54.0 ± 7.1%, 29.2 ± 8.3%, and 19.5 ± 9.7% at 20, 30, and 40 years old and bradyarrhythmia-free survival was 66.0 ± 6.3%, 41.7 ± 9.4%, and 33.4 ± 10.6% at ages 20, 30, and 40 years, respectively. Conclusions At a tertiary referral center, adult patients with CHD and HS have high rates of comorbidities and early death or heart transplant. Longitudinal surveillance and further exploration into factors associated with improved survival in this population are warranted.
Evaluating "Take the Stairs, Wyoming!" Through the RE-AIM Framework: Challenges and Opportunities.

Introduction: Health promotion delivery systems are increasingly being asked to implement policy, systems, and environmental interventions (PSEs). However, evaluating PSEs is challenging, especially in low-resource community settings. This paper describes the use of RE-AIM to evaluate a physical activity PSE delivered through University of Wyoming Extension and highlights challenges and opportunities in pragmatic, real-world program evaluation. Methods: Extension health educators adapted a point-of-decision prompt intervention encouraging stairway use through posters, called Take the Stairs, Wyoming! Reach was assessed through estimates of daily traffic, effectiveness was assessed through opportunistic interviews, adoption was calculated as the number and proportion of sites that agreed to hang posters, implementation was calculated as the proportion of sites with a poster in place at a two-week follow-up visit, and maintenance was assessed through six-month opportunistic interviews (individual level) and proportion of sites with a poster in place (organizational level). Results: Overall, the posters were widely adopted and most posters were implemented as intended. However, capturing reach, effectiveness, and maintenance was challenging, as health educators found the evaluation burdensome. Therefore, it was difficult to determine if the posters were effective at increasing physical activity levels. Discussion: Suggestions are provided for capturing reach, effectiveness, and maintenance data in community settings. Future efforts are needed to create evaluation tools to pragmatically measure effectiveness of PSEs on changing behaviors, as well as to prioritize program evaluation in Extension.
Review: Jean-Jacques Lequeu: Bâtisseur de fantasmes

Jean-Jacques Lequeu: Bâtisseur de fantasmes Petit Palais, Musee de Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris 11 December 2018–31 March 2019 Architect-draftsman Jean-Jacques Lequeu disappeared for the first time in March 1826, having deposited his drawings and notes in the Bibliotheque Royale six months before. Some fifty years later he reappeared in the catalogue of the Bibliotheque Nationale, but he then disappeared again until the mid-1930s, when he was rediscovered by the Viennese architectural historian Emil Kaufmann and somewhat unceremoniously bundled with his archenemies, Claude-Nicolas Ledoux and Etienne-Louis Boullee, as a “revolutionary architect.”1 He then disappeared yet again until 1968, when the Bibliotheque Nationale sent a selection of his drawings to Houston, Texas, for the exhibition Visionary Architects: Boullee, Ledoux, Lequeu , the catalogue for which featured an introduction by Louis Kahn.2 Once more he was forgotten until the publication, in 1986, of the first monograph on his drawings, by Philippe Duboy.3 He reappeared most recently in December 2018, on the occasion of a major exhibition of his drawings at the Petit Palais (curated by Laurent Baridon, Jean-Philippe Garric, and Martial Guedron, with the collaboration of Corinne Le Bitouze), which was accompanied by the publication of an excellent scholarly monograph by Elisa Boeri (see “Related Publication” below). Some of Lequeu's disappearances can be explained by his career (almost invisible outside the few drafting offices where he worked) and by the conditions he set in his last will and testament (which included a request that his dossier not be opened for fifty years after its deposition). Others relate to the difficulty of interpreting the work of a man who built nothing, drew avidly, and wrote equally avidly (but not entirely coherently) all over his drawings.4 His drawings—exquisitely detailed watercolors of buildings, garden follies, and erotic fantasies—have been successively claimed as representative of a so-called revolutionary architecture; as visionary and mystical examples of early romanticism, architectural versions of the …
A Book Collector’s View of the Periodic Table: Before Mendeleev.

The present article identifies and discusses some of the books and scientific articles that played important roles in the development of the periodic law, before Mendeleev published his Periodic System in 1869. For each book, information is given about the edition in which the discovery was made, and for each scientific article, information is given about the form in which it was issued, such as whether offprints were printed in addition to the journal appearance. Some observations of interest to book collectors are included, such as assessments of the availability of these documents on the rare book market. This paper may also be of use to those who wish to learn about (or to teach) the history of the periodic law from the original documents that first announced important advances toward its creation.
Topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries stable across diverse cell types are evolutionarily constrained and enriched for heritability

ABSTRACT Background Topologically associating domains (TADs) are fundamental units of three-dimensional (3D) nuclear organization. The regions bordering TADs—TAD boundaries— regulate gene expression by restricting interactions of cis-regulatory sequences to their target genes. TAD and TAD boundary disruption have been implicated in rare disease pathogenesis; however, we have a limited framework for integrating cross-cell-type TAD maps into the study of genome evolution and interpretation of common trait-associated variants. Here, we investigate an unexplored attribute of 3D genome architecture—the stability of TAD boundaries across cell types—and demonstrate its relevance to understanding how genetic variation in TADs contributes to complex disease. Results By synthesizing TAD maps across 37 diverse cell types with multiple annotations and 41 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we investigate the differences in function and evolutionary constraint between TADs versus TAD boundaries. We demonstrate that TAD boundaries are more evolutionarily constrained than TADs. We find that boundaries are enriched for disease heritability, especially for immunologic, hematologic, and metabolic traits. Next, we stratify boundaries by their stability across cell types and show that more than 30% of boundaries are unique to a specific tissue. Compared to these unique boundaries, cell-type-stable boundaries are enriched for CTCF binding, evolutionary constraint, housekeeping genes, and trait heritability, suggesting greater functional importance. Conclusions Cell-type-stable TAD boundaries have greater sequence-level constraint and complex trait heritability enrichment than cell-type-unique boundaries and TADs overall. Thus, considering TAD and boundary stability across cell types provides valuable context for understanding the genome’s functional landscape and enabling 3D-structural aware variant interpretation.
Area-Selective-CVD Technology Enabled Top-Gated and Scalable 2D-Heterojunction Transistors with Dynamically Tunable Schottky Barrier

2D semiconductors have emerged as attractive channel materials for ultra-short-channel field-effect transistor (FET) application, because of their atomic-scale thickness and pristine surfaces that effectively suppress short-channel effects. However, large contact and series resistances induced by Fermi-level pinning effect between metals and most 2D semiconductors (2DS) and the lack of an effective and reliable doping technique for the 2D source/drain, respectively, are limiting the performance of 2D-FETs. Moreover, wafer-scale synthesis of uniform and high-quality 2DS is a persistent challenge. In this work, we address all these challenges by demonstrating the advantages of replacing 2DS with work-function tunable and semi-metallic graphene (Gr) in the source/drain regions of 2D FETs, i.e., forming Gr-2DS-Gr lateral heterojunction FETs (GSG-HFETs), in terms of reducing the contact and series resistances. GSG-HFETs of various sizes are successfully fabricated, using area-selective CVD, thereby bypassing the need to synthesize wafer-scale 2DS. Based on meticulous device design and optimization, record-high ON-current (273 µA/µm) and ultralow contact resistance (~0.67 kΩ•µm) are achieved in a monolayer 2DS. Additionally, non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) based ballistic quantum transport simulation study on the scalability and upper-limit of the performance of this novel device uncovers its great potential in driving 2D-FETs toward nanometer scale and large-scale production.
ISLAMIC JURISDICTION: SHARIE‘A COURTS AND THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC POLICY

Recently the issue of the Sharie‘a courts has been drawing the attention of the Western media, especially in Europe, Canada, and the United States. Legal scholars and legal activists are quite reluctant to contribute to the discourse held mostly by reporters, religious figures and politicians. This could be why the matter is covered cursorily resting upon emotional, prejudiced and politically inspired debates and valuations. Moreover, the Sharie‘a court’s jurisdiction is not always obviously specified and fundamentally various issues of these courts get mixed and sometimes led to the conflict of laws (choice of law) questions.
Fatal Outcome in a Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipient With COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious pathogen causing the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the ongoing unprecedented pandemic in 2020. SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory systems, so acute respiratory distress syndrome is the major cause of death. Clinical courses of COVID-19 are variable and unpredictable, while some epidemiologic and clinical factors have been found to have a negative impact on the disease prognosis. Despite a growing report on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with COVID-19, the data in the special population, including transplant recipients, is still limited. Herein we report on the clinical features and fatal outcome of COVID-19 in a dual pancreas-kidney transplant recipient (with failure of the pancreas graft). Our case illustrates the similarities and differences of the COVID-19 disease course between transplant recipients and the general population. We proposed that the pre-existing T-cell dysfunction from the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents in organ transplant recipients adversely affects COVID-19 prognosis and worsens COVID-19 mortality.
‘Whose Line Is It Anyway?’ Using Improvisation to Hone Library Employees’ Customer Service Skills

Improvisation is an effective tool for developing actors’ skills. It is also a powerful tool for enhancing customer service skills in the contemporary academic, public, or special library environment. Interactions between library users and librarians / library staff can often be complicated and require excellent listening and communication skills. This article explores how improvisation training can help reinforce customer service skills while also enhancing team building, team cohesion, and interpersonal engagement skills for these library employees. Such exercises are not only enjoyable and entertaining for library employees, they also help develop essential skills which enhance their customer service interactions.
Does ablation of atrial fibrillation at the time of septal myectomy improve survival of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract Objective To evaluate the outcomes after septal myectomy in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy according to atrial fibrillation and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Methods We reviewed patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent septal myectomy at the Mayo Clinic from 2001 to 2016. History of atrial fibrillation was obtained from patient histories and electrocardiograms. All-cause mortality was the primary end point. Results A total of 2023 patients underwent septal myectomy, of whom 394 (19.5%) had at least 1 episode of atrial fibrillation preoperatively. Among patients with atrial fibrillation, 76 (19.3%) had only 1 known episode, 278 (70.6%) had recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and 40 (10.2%) had persistent atrial fibrillation. Surgical ablation was performed in 190 patients at the time of septal myectomy, including 148 with pulmonary vein isolation and 42 with the classic maze procedure. Among all patients, operative mortality was 0.4%, and there were no early deaths in patients undergoing surgical ablation. Over a median follow-up of 5.6 years, patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation had increased mortality (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.91; P = .070) after multivariable adjustment for comorbidities. When considering the impact of atrial fibrillation with or without surgical treatment, the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality in patients undergoing ablation compared with no ablation was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.69; P = .824). Conclusions Atrial fibrillation is present preoperatively in one-fifth of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy undergoing myectomy and showed a trend toward higher all-cause mortality. Survival of patients undergoing septal myectomy with preoperative atrial fibrillation was similar between those who did and did not receive concomitant surgical ablation.
Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal system

Abstract The bowhead whale gastrointestinal system is complex. Similar to their ruminant relatives, as well as their sister taxa Hippopotamidae, the bowhead whale stomach is a multichambered organ and highly distensible to accommodate seasonally abundant and/or patchy prey aggregations. Akin to ruminants and hippos, the first stomach chamber, the forestomach, is a fermentation chamber, but adapted to break down chitin, not cellulose. In contrast to ruminants and hippos, the bowhead whale forestomach is the only nonglandular compartment. For bowheads, digestion begins in the fundic chamber (the second compartment). Although small and often ignored as a stomach chamber, the connecting channel is functionally significant, and serves as a gate keeper to only allow food of the correct particle size to pass in the final compartment, the pyloric chamber. The bowhead whale small intestine has a typical mammalian building plan, but the small intestine to body length ratio is surprisingly short given the nutritional complexities of their zooplankton prey, including chitin armament and abundant wax esters. Similar to other baleen whales, bowheads are efficient wax ester digesters; yet, the exact mechanism of wax ester digestion remains unclear. The bowhead microbiome has recently been characterized, and two microbial taxa are correlated to wax ester abundance in the small intestine, pointing to a possible mechanism. The overall digestive efficiency of bowhead whales is comparable to other baleen whales at about 95%.
Robust Semi-Supervised Learning with Out of Distribution Data.

Recent Semi-supervised learning (SSL) works show significant improvement in SSL algorithms' performance using better-unlabeled data representations. However, recent work [Oliver et al., 2018] shows that the SSL algorithm's performance could degrade when the unlabeled set has out-of-distribution examples (OODs). In this work, we first study the critical causes of OOD's negative impact on SSL algorithms. We found that (1) the OOD's effect on the SSL algorithm's performance increases as its distance to the decision boundary decreases, and (2) Batch Normalization (BN), a popular module, could degrade the performance instead of improving the performance when the unlabeled set contains OODs. To address the above causes, we proposed a novel unified-robust SSL approach that can be easily extended to many existing SSL algorithms, and improve their robustness against OODs. In particular, we propose a simple modification of batch normalization, called weighted batch normalization, that improves BN's robustness against OODs. We also developed two efficient hyper-parameter optimization algorithms that have different tradeoffs in computational efficiency and accuracy. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets prove that our proposed approaches significantly improves the robustness of four representative SSL algorithms against OODs compared with four state-of-the-art robust SSL approaches.
Tobacco Screening and Treatment during Outpatient Urology Office Visits in the United States.

Purpose:Tobacco use is a causative or exacerbating risk factor for benign and malignant urological disease. However, it is not well known how often urologists screen for tobacco use and provide tob...
Research Progress on Effect of Length Scale on Electrical Resistivity of Metals

With the development of micro/nano-technologies, microstructural scales or geometrical dimensions of metal conductors in the micro/nano-devices are becoming shrunk from macroscopic scale to micron scale, submicron scale and even nanometer scale, leading to the fact that the electrical resistivity of metal conductors at room temperature tends to exhibit evident size effects. Recent studies on the electrical resistivity of metal conductors at different length scales were reviewed in this paper, focusing on the effects of the geometrical scales of microscalematerials and of the scale of microstructures and defects in the materials as well as the relevant theoretical models. Finally the developing tendency of the investigations on the electrical resistivity of metal conductors and the service reliability of the microscale metals in the future are also addressed.
Strategic Choices and Routing Within Service Networks: Modeling and Estimation Using Machine Learning

Problem definition: Service networks with open routing by self-interested customers have drawn attention in the theoretical literature (Arlotto et al. 2019, Parlakturk and Kumar 2004). However, these networks, which range from shopping centers to amusement parks, remain challenging to explore empirically. As choices, customers' physical-movement trajectories simultaneously reflect their aversions to congestion, demand for complementary groups of stations, and dynamic choice of station visit order. As such, large-scale trajectory datasets offer tremendous opportunities to understand customer motivations and behaviors but are complex to analyze. Methodology/results: We develop structural empirical methods to recover customer station preferences and congestion sensitivities from diverse trajectory patterns using machine learning. Specifically, we employ adversarial neural networks to handle combinatorially large choice sets of network trajectories. The methods accommodate customers' dynamic choices of routes to minimize total waiting and place theoretically efficient incentive-compatibility bounds on customers' preferences. Managerial implications: Our methods enable counterfactual studies of service network design, capacity management, and customer targeting. We use Monte Carlo experiments to show that the methods accurately recover customer station preferences and congestion sensitivities.
Conservation, Creation, and Evolution: Revising the Darwinian Project

There is hardly anything more central to our universe than conservation. Many scientific fields and disciplines view the law of conservation as one of the most fundamental universal laws. The Darwinian model pivots the process of evolution on variability, reproduction, and natural selection. Conservation plays a marginal role in this model and is not really universal, as the model allows exceptions to conservation, i.e. non-conservation, to play an equally important role in evolution. This anomalous role of conservation in the Darwinian model raises questions: What is the reason for this anomaly? Is conservation really universal, as we tend to believe or is it not, as the Darwinian model suggests? This contribution proposes a new model of evolution that focuses on levels of organization, rather than of species, organisms, or populations. It argues that conservation is central to evolution. Not only does this new model restores the universal status of conservation but it also makes possible to resolve some outstanding problems and controversies that continue to plague the Darwinian model. The article tries to advance the broad Darwinian project that seeks to explain the process of evolution as a product of the spontaneous processes in nature.