cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cold dilute neutron matter on the lattice II: Results in the unitary limit

This is the second of two articles that investigate cold dilute neutron matter on the lattice using pionless effective field theory. In the unitary limit, where the effective range is zero and scattering length is infinite, simple scaling relations relate thermodynamic functions at different temperatures. When the second virial coefficient is properly tuned, we find that the lattice results obey these scaling relations. We compute the energy per particle, pressure, spin susceptibility, dineutron correlation function, and an upper bound for the superfluid critical temperature.
Scale-invariant registration of monocular endoscopic images to CT-scans for sinus surgery.

We present a scale-invariant registration method for 3D structures reconstructed from a monocular endoscopic camera to pre-operative CT-scans. The presented approach is based on a previously presented method [2] for reconstruction of a scaled 3D model of the environment from unknown camera motion. We use this scaleless reconstruction as input to a PCA-based algorithm that recovers the scale and pose parameters of the camera in the coordinate frame of the CT scan. The result is used in an ICP registration method to refine the registration estimates.
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-mediated increases in NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (QR) in mouse lung: evidence for the alveolar type II cell as a site of QR activity

Abstract Administration of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to inbred A J mice increased lung cytosolic NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (QR) activity. Increased QR activity was observed using a dose of BHT of 100 mg/kg ip, although maximal increases in activity were observed following BHT 300 mg/kg ip. Increased lung QR activity could be observed as early as 24 hr post-BHT (300 mg/kg ip). Bronchiolar Clara cells and pulmonary macrophages isolated using an elastase digestion procedure from both control and BHT-treated mice exhibited minimal QR activity. The majority of basal and BHT-increased QR activity remained in the undigested lung. As isolation of many cell types to a high degree of purity from mouse lung is not yet feasible, QR activity was measured in established mouse lung cell lines and in cell isolates from rat lung. QR activity was low in a Clara tumor cell line, but higher activity was observed in three alveolar type II cell lines. Type II cell-enriched populations isolated from rat lung exhibited sixfold greater QR activity than the remaining undigested lung. Pulmonary QR activity was significantly greater in rat than in A J or C57 mice. Treatment of cultured Clara or type II cells with BHT in vitro did not increase QR activity.
Imaging features of low-grade central osteosarcoma of the long bones and pelvis.

Purpose To determine the age and gender distribution and imaging features of low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS) of the long bones and pelvis and to discuss our findings in the context of lesions for which LGCOS has been mistaken.
Immunological evidence for the presence of smooth muscle-type contractile fibres in mouse macrophages

Im Cytoplasma von Makrophagen aus der Peritonealflussigkeit von Mausen finden sich kontraktile Elemente, die mit fluoreszenzmarkierten Antikorpern gegen Myosin glatter Muskeln und gegen Aktin nachzuweisen sind.
Rim phase-shift mask combined with off-axis illumination: a path to 0.5(lambda)/numerical aperture geometries

Phase-shift mask (PSM) approaches can be classified as either strong or weak. Weak PSM approaches, which are attractive because of their universal applicability to any pattern, are addressed. A simple design algorithm for rim PSM, called biased rim design (BiRD), is described. When used with normal stepper illumination (σ=0.5), the modest benefits of rim PSMs are of questionable value in many cases. However, theoretical considerations show a synergy of weak PSM cornbined with off-axis illumination. One specific combination, termed BiRD/QUEST, is explored through a series of simulations. These results suggest that a properly biased weak PSM with appropriate illumination will allow robust manufacturing of 0.5λ/NA lithographic patterns.
Alternative method for rapidly screening microbial isolates for their potential to degrade volatile contaminants.

A method is described for rapidly screening the metabolic potential of bacteria to oxidize semivolatile and volatile compounds as a sole carbon source. The method is based on automated system that utilizes MicroplatesTM manufactured by Biolog, Inc. (Hayward, CA, USA). This system detects bacterial respiratory activity from the oxidation of a carbon source introduced in volatile form. This is in contrast to the original design, which is based on inoculating a carbon source directly into each well. The 96-well (MT) microtiter plates contain nutrients and a tetrazolium dye. When a bacterial species is capable of oxidizing a volatile carbon substrate, the dye turns purple, and a spectrophotometric plate reader quantifies the response. As a test of this method 150 isolates, including isolates known to degrade some of the test compounds and negative controls were evaluated for their potential to oxidize carbon tetrachloride, toluene, ando-xylene. Thirty-seven isolates (25%) were qualitatively identified as contaminant oxidizers, and thirteen of these (35%) showed significant degradation capabilities for both toluene ando-xylene.
GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF hcp Ti FILMS ON Al(111) SURFACES

The structure of thin Ti films grown on Al(111) surfaces at room temperature has been studied using high energy ion scattering/channeling (HEIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy ion scattering (LEIS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). Our results show that Ti grows in the SK mode on the Al(111) surface. Ti atoms form a two-dimensional overlayer up to a deposition of about 2 ML Ti, followed by three-dimensional island growth with additional Ti deposition. The Ti islands cover the surface completely at about 12 ML of Ti deposition. XPD results show that the Ti overlayer has a well-ordered hcp Ti(0001) structure on the fcc Al(111) surface, in remarkable contrast to the fcc Ti film growth observed on Al(001) and Al(110) surfaces.
Sensitive quantitative determination of chlorpromazine metabolites.

DIMETHYLAMINONAPHTHYL sulphonyl chloride (dansyl chloride) has been used in recent years as an end group analytical reagent in the study of protein structure1 and in the determination of amino-acids2–4. Dansyl chloride reacts with primary and secondary amines and with phenolic hydroxyl groups4. Chlorpromazine, after administration to patients, yields over twenty known metabolites5. At least ten of these metabolites possess either an amino or a phenolic hydroxyl group, or both, as potential reactive sites for dansyl chloride coupling. We have studied the reactivity of dansyl chloride with the chlorpromazine metabolites listed in Table 1.
Collaborative Research with Farmworkers in Environmental Justice

Environmental injustice occurs when a particular population, most often low-income people of color, is exposed disproportionately to an environmental health hazard. On the continuum of an environmentally unjust situation, there are several stages and levels at which inequities occur. A corporation makes a decision to locate a waste incinerator in a neighborhood that, because of historical socioeconomic discrimination, has become a low-income African American community in an industrial zone. Community members are stonewalled and intimidated at a public hearing about a local environmental health problem by industry and government officials who sit far away from the audience and use technical jargon to describe the issue. Native-Americans lose an important diet staple and economic activity when an industry's runoff contaminates the fish in a body of water. These examples illustrate geographical, procedural, and sociocultural inequities contributing to environmental injustices.
The histology of experimental pleural injury with tetracycline, empyema, and carrageenan

Models of pleural injury were established with intrapleural tetracycline, intrapleural carrageenan, and empyema in New Zealand White rabbits to evaluate histologically the pleural inflammatory response from 3 to 90 days. Both tetracycline and empyema models produced increases in the pleural connective tissue layers both above and below the fibroelastic membrane associated with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The influx of fibroblasts from the pleural surface into acellular fibrin strands formed adhesions between the visceral and the parietal pleurae. Injury to the mesothelial cell ranged from a cuboidal transition to total desquamation with the degree of mesothelial injury associated with the amount of fibrin adherence and the propensity toward fibrosis at 90 days. Intervention to promote the resolution of pleural inflammation without fibrosis should be directed toward preservation of the mesothelial surface, removal of pleural fibrin, and inhibition of fibroblast growth and chemotaxis.
A hundred years later: The rise and fall of Frege's influence in language theory

One of the most fashionable current terms in the philosophy and history of science is the word paradigm introduced by Thomas Kuhn in his famous book on the structure of scientific revolutions.1 It is also one of the most misinterpreted and abused terms in recent discussion, to the extent that Tom himself has sworn, only half jokingly, never, never to use the accursed word again. In spite of Kuhn's renunciation of the term, it seems to me to be applicable to Frege's influence on logical semantics and logical study of language in the last hundred years. The hundred-year period is not just an approximation, either, for we recently had the centenary of Frege's first extensive publication in logic, viz., his Begriffschrift.2 The very title of this work betrays Frege's interest not only in pure logic but also in the logical analysis of concepts, i. e., logical semantics. But when I thus say that Frege created a paradigm in logical semantics, I will be almost universally misinterpreted unless I supply further explanations. For when philosophers, logicians, and linguists think in our days of Frege's semantics, they virtually always think of Frege's theory of sense and reference and of the apparently Platonistic ontology that goes together with it.3 This perspective is not so much wrong as radically misleading. If I may exaggerate somewhat in the opposite direction, I would say that in the total picture of Frege's semantics the theory of sense and reference is merely frosting on a much bigger cake. Frege's main achievement in logical semantics was the creation of that paradigm which we may perhaps call first-order logic with its associated semantics, together with the ontology (categorical analysis of the world) that comes with it. This ontology is that of individuals (comprising a universe of discourse) plus their properties and relations. The languages appropriate for reflecting this ontology are our familiar first-order languages with their familiar semantics codified much later in the works of Tarski and Carnap.4 This conception of first-order logic with its associated semantics and
SM22α-targeted deletion of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in mice impairs cardiac and vascular development, and influences organogenesis

Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A (BMPR1A) is attenuated in the lung vessels of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the functional impact of this abnormality is unknown. We ablated Bmpr1a in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by breeding mice possessing a loxP allele of Bmpr1a (Bmpr1aflox) expressing R26R with SM22α-Cre mice. SM22α-Cre;R26R;Bmpr1aflox/flox mice died soon after embryonic day 11 (E11) with massive vascular and pericardial hemorrhage and impaired brain development. At E10.5, SM22α-Cre;R26R;Bmpr1aflox/flox embryos showed thinning of the myocardium associated with reduced cell proliferation. These embryos also had severe dilatation of the aorta and large vessels with impaired investment of SMCs that was also related to reduced proliferation. SM22α-Cre;R26R;Bmpr1aflox/flox mice showed collapsed telencephalon in association with impaired clearing of brain microvessels in areas where reduced apoptosis was observed. Transcript and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 were reduced in E9.5 and E10.5 SM22α-Cre;R26R;Bmpr1aflox/flox embryos, respectively. Knock-down of BMPR1A by RNA interference in human pulmonary artery SMCs reduced MMP2 and MMP9 activity, attenuated serum-induced proliferation, and impaired PDGF-BB-directed migration. RNA interference of MMP2 or MMP9 recapitulated these abnormalities, supporting a functional interaction between BMP signaling and MMP expression. In human brain microvascular pericytes, knock-down of BMPR1A reduced MMP2 activity and knock-down of either BMPR1A or MMP2 caused resistance to apoptosis. Thus, loss of Bmpr1a, by decreasing MMP2 and/or MMP9 activity, can account for vascular dilatation and persistence of brain microvessels, leading to the impaired organogenesis documented in the brain.
Patterns of Viral DNA Integration in Cells Transformed by Wild Type or DNA-Binding Protein Mutants of Adenovirus Type 5 and Effect of Chemical Carcinogens on Integration

Abstract The integration pattern of viral DNA was studied in a number of cell lines transformed by wild-type adenovirus type 5 (Ad5 WT) and two mutants of the DNA-binding protein gene, H5ts125 and H5ts107. The effect of chemical carcinogens on the integration of viral DNA was also investigated. Liquid hybridization (C0t) analyses showed that rat embryo cells transformed by Ad5 WT usually contained only the left-hand end of the viral genome, whereas cell lines transformed by H5ts125 or H5ts107 at either the semipermissive (36°C) or nonpermissive (39.5°C) temperature often contained one to five copies of all or most of the entire adenovirus genome. The arrangement of the integrated adenovirus DNA sequences was determined by cleavage of transformed cell DNA with restriction endonucleases XbaI, EcoRI, or HindIII followed by transfer of separated fragments to nitrocellulose paper and hybridization according to the technique of E. M. Southern (J. Mol. Biol. 98: 503-517, 1975). It was found that the adenovirus genome is integrated as a linear sequence covalently linked to host cell DNA; that the viral DNA is integrated into different host DNA sequences in each cell line studied; that in cell lines that contain multiple copies of the Ad5 genome the viral DNA sequences can be integrated in a single set of host cell DNA sequences and not as concatemers; and that chemical carcinogens do not alter the extent or pattern of viral DNA integration.
A Hybrid Image Segmentation Approach Using Watershed Transform and FCM

Medical image segmentation is an essential step for most subsequent image analysis tasks. In this paper a hybrid image segmentation algorithm is proposed, which combines the morphological method of watershed and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering. A dilation-erosion contrast enhancement approach is used as a preprocessing stage in order to obtain an accurate estimation of the image borders. Then an initial partitioning of the image into primitive regions is produced by applying the maker-controlled watershed transform. After edge post-processing, the regions' statistical characters are inputted to a FCM clustering process for the final segmentation. Merging the watershed regions through the FCM clustering obtains a better initial setting from the preceding steps, accelerates convergence speed, and improves the accuracy of segmentation. The hybrid algorithm is applied to lung extraction in computerized tomography (CT) images. The experiments show that the algorithm is more effective for medical image segmentation than FCM and watershed algorithm.
Clinical Utility of Genotyping the 677C>T Variant of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Humans Is Decreased in the Post-Folic Acid Fortification Era

Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with many diseases. Major factors affecting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations include folate concentrations and polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Because U.S.-mandated fortification of grain products with folic acid has improved folate and tHcy status in Americans, we investigated the effect of the MTHFR 677C>T variant before and after fortification. We determined tHcy and folate concentrations in sera from 844 Caucasian and 587 African American participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study before and after fortification and we genotyped the MTHFR 677C>T variant. MTHFR 677TT homozygotes had higher (P 13 micromol/L) in 677TT homozygotes decreased from 33% before fortification to 12% postfortification (P < 0.01). Using a cutoff value of 13 micromol/L to define moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, the sensitivity of the MTHFR 677TT genotype to predict elevations in homocysteine was low (approximately 30%) both before and after folic acid fortification. Increasing the cutoff from 13 to 19 micromol/L increased the sensitivity of the assay before fortification to 62% but decreased the sensitivity to 17% postfortification. We conclude that after folic acid fortification in the US, measurement of tHcy rather than genotyping of MTHFR 677TT should be used as the primary assay for the diagnosis and monitoring of moderate hyperhomocysteinemia.
Fiberoptic bend loss viscometer

This paper presents a fluid viscosity measurement using a compact fiber optic bend loss sensor. The concept of measuring viscosity is based on observing the damping characteristic of the vibration of a fiber probe.
Suboptimality Bounds in Stochastic Control: A Queueing Example

In this paper we consider Markov decision processes with average cost criteria, and discuss an approach for characterizing the performance loss associated with using a suboptimal control policy. Because there are often difficulties associated with computing and implementing optimal control policies, heuristic control policies are often used in practice. For such a policy, we would like to be able to compute guaranteed bounds on its performance, specifically its performance relative to an optimal policy. In other words, our goal is to produce a systematic approach for evaluating how far a specific policy is from optimality. This approach is demonstrated on a simple queuing system with a single server and multiple job classes. We use the general methods developed in the first part of the paper to show that for any non-idling policy, suboptimality of the resulting average queue length is bounded by a factor which only involves service rates
Conversion from chronic to acute coronary artery disease: speculation regarding mechanisms.

The factors that are primarily responsible for the conversion from chronic to acute coronary artery disease (CAD), including the development of unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction, remain uncertain. Some patients with angiographic evidence of extensive and severe coronary arterial stenoses anatomically do well with appropriate medical therapy, whereas others with similar or even anatomically less impressive coronary arterial stenoses have clinical manifestations of acute CAD. Improved insight into mechanisms responsible for the conversion of chronic CAD to acute CAD is essential for efforts directed at preventing acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. The purpose of this editorial is to emphasize recent developments in knowledge relating to alterations in prostaglandin production that may play a role in the development or perpetuation of acute CAD.
Dataset to accompany the excavation report for a ‘liberated African’ graveyard in Rupert’s Valley, St Helena, South Atlantic

The dataset derives from the excavation and post-excavation of a freed slave (‘liberated African’) graveyard on the South Atlantic island of St Helena. The report for this site has been produced in two parts: a printed volume published by the Council for British Archaeology (Pearson et al. 2011); and a digital volume deposited with the Archaeological Data Service (ADS). Also held by ADS are supporting data: the primary site record and miscellaneous documents generated during the excavation and post-excavation stages of the project. Substantial further research will be undertaken on this project over the next three to five years. The intention is to expand the dataset as new information is generated.
Attentional bias differences between fear and disgust: Implications for the role of disgust in disgust-related anxiety disorders

Research demonstrates a relation between disgust and anxiety-related pathology; however, research has yet to reveal mechanisms by which disgust may contribute to anxiety. The current experiment examined attentional bias characteristics as one route by which disgust influences anxiety. Eighty undergraduate participants completed a rapid serial visual presentation attention task using fear, disgust, or neutral target stimuli. Task-relevance of the target's presentation was also manipulated. Results revealed that task-relevant disgust targets impaired attention among all participants, but task-irrelevant disgust targets impaired attention only in high disgust prone individuals. Difficulty in disengagement characterised both disgust and fear attentional biases, but the difficulty in disengagement was greater for disgust compared to fear attentional biases. High disgust prone individuals displayed exaggerated difficulty in disengaging attention from disgust targets compared to low disgust prone individuals. Th...
An adaptive class-E power amplifier with improvement in efficiency, reliability and process variation tolerance

Integrated power amplifiers in RF communication systems suffer from efficiency reduction with power back-off, performance degradation due to process variation and reliability issues due to high signal levels. Design of a dynamically adaptive class-E switching power amplifier with duty cycle modulation is proposed in this paper. It uses an LC tuning circuit with a variable capacitor that improves efficiency, reliability and process variation tolerance compared to traditional class-E power amplifiers. The proposed power amplifier is designed in 65nm CMOS process for 2.4 GHz carrier frequency. Simulation results show significant increase in efficiency at lower power levels, reduction in peak drain voltage, which improves reliability, and mitigation of process variation effects.
Expression of Reductive Dehalogenase Genes in Dehalococcoides ethenogenes Strain 195 Growing on Tetrachloroethene, Trichloroethene, or 2,3-Dichlorophenol

Reductive dehalogenase (RD) gene transcript levels in Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 were investigated using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR during growth and reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), or 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3-DCP). Cells grown with PCE or TCE had high transcript levels (greater than that for rpoB) for tceA, which encodes the TCE RD, pceA, which encodes the PCE RD, and DET0162, which contains a predicted stop codon and is considered nonfunctional. In cells grown with 2,3-DCP, tceA mRNA was less than 1% of that for rpoB, indicating that its transcription was regulated. pceA and DET0162 were the only RD genes with high transcript levels in cells grown with 2,3-DCP. Proteomic analysis of PCE-grown cells detected both PceA and TceA with high peptide coverage but not DET0162, and analysis of 2,3-DCP-grown cells detected PceA with high coverage but not TceA, DET0162, or any other potential RD. Cells grown with PCE or 2,3-DCP were tested for the ability to dechlorinate PCE, TCE, or 2,3-DCP with H2 as the electron donor. 2,3-DCP-grown cells were unable to dechlorinate TCE but dechlorinated PCE to TCE without a lag, and PCE-grown cells dechlorinated 2,3-DCP without a lag. These results show that 2,3-DCP-grown cells do not produce TceA and that DET0162 is transcribed but its translation product is not detectable in cells and are consistent with PceA's being bifunctional, also serving as the 2,3-DCP RD. Chlorophenols naturally occur in soils and are good candidates for the original substrates for PceA.
Preventive health examinations: A comparison along the rural–urban continuum

In this analysis, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2000 were used to examine differences in reports of preventive health service utilization in 4 types of counties: large metropolitan counties, small metropolitan counties, counties adjacent to metropolitan places, and counties not adjacent to metropolitan areas or with fewer than 10,000 residents. Women from counties with 10,000 or fewer residents and not adjacent to a metropolitan county, classified as rural residents, were less likely to report a number of preventive health examinations during the previous 2 years. Rural women were less likely to obtain blood cholesterol tests, dental exams, and mammograms during the previous 2 years when compared to women from large metropolitan counties. Rural women were more likely to obtain blood pressure checks during the previous year when compared to the metropolitan women. Findings for exams that occurred during the preceding 1- and 2-year periods are reported for blood pressure checks, blood cholesterol checks, physical exams, colon cancer screening, dental exams, breast exams, mammograms, and Pap smears.
Omission of active commuting to school and the prevalence of children's health-related physical activity levels: the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Study.

Background Active commuting to school by walking or bicycle is a potential source of continuous moderate activity for children that has been largely ignored in surveys of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analytical impact of omitting active commuting to school (walking or bicycling) on conclusions about children's physical activity levels. Methods The Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Study (RLMS) is the first nationally representative household survey in the Russian Federation. More than 6400 households from all regions of Russia were surveyed eight times between 1992 and 1998. Analysis was conducted using physical activity data (school physical education classes, out-of-school active pursuits and active commuting to school) obtained by parent-proxy on 1094 (572 boys, 522 girls) school-aged Russian children (mean age 10.2 ± 1.9 years) participating in the November 1998 round of the RLMS. Data were examined according to prevalence of achievement of health-related physical activity guidelines, active commuting to school behaviours included then omitted. Results Omitting active commuting to school resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of achievement of health-related guidelines from 12% to 20%, similar for both genders. Likewise, the prevalence of sedentarism (defined as not meeting any of the guidelines) was increased by 17–22%. Conclusions The present findings suggest that, in order to avoid misclassification bias of children's physical activity levels, it is necessary to include questions about mode of commuting to school. The findings also carry practice implications: the commonplace need to get to and from school may be a missed opportunity for children's health-related physical activity in motorized societies.
A Method for Estimating Spectral Displacements Using a Velocity Pulse

Abstract A method for computing spectral displacements using a single velocity pulse is presented. Bilinear systems with 5% damping were studied under 101 ground motions. Near-fault ground motions with known forward-directivity effects were not included. The systems covered a wide range of vibration periods and included six strength ratios. The results showed that for periods less than or equal to the characteristic period of the ground, spectral displacements were nearly always governed by the ground velocity pulse of largest amplitude. Based on these results, it is shown that spectral displacements can be estimated using a sinusoidal acceleration pulse whose elastic input energy is equivalent to that containing the peak ground velocity. Based on pulse duration and amplitude, a simplified method is proposed to estimate inelastic spectral displacements for periods less than or equal to the characteristic period of the ground. The proposed method provides estimates of spectral displacements that are in ver...
l-Arginine restores splenocyte functions after trauma and hemorrhage potentially by improving splenic blood flow

Several studies indicate that immune responses are markedly depressed early after onset of hemorrhage. Decreased organ blood flow has been implicated in the pathophysiology of altered immune respon...
How Do We Know If We are Achieving Our Goals? Strategies for Assessing the Outcome of Curricular Innovation

To determine whether curricular innovation is effective in achieving our goals, we must design and implement an effective assessment program. What is an effective assessment program? If we have a clear sense of mission, state our student learning outcomes, develop effective teaching methods and curricula, and follow the principles that foster student learning, assessment will become a clear and integral part of legal education. We will find that the focus of student assessment in law school will be on enhancing student performance, providing multiple evaluations of student performance, and giving appropriate feedback to students. In the end, we will know whether our curricular innovation has been successful.
Citizen activism, conservative views & mega planning in a digital era

AbstractScholarship on citizen activism in a digital era is growing exponentially in sociology, political science, and communications/new media studies. Theorists observe changing dynamics and power shifts within a public virtual sphere. In contrast, planning scholarship is sparse on how citizens use technology outside of official channels to participate and mobilize. To explore this under-studied phenomenon, a new conceptual framework is developed by synthesizing literature across disciplines to examine digital networked activism in planning and focusing on conservative activists’ fierce opposition to regional planning in Atlanta, Georgia and the San Francisco Bay Area. I find activists use new media in combination with traditional strategies to communicate, organize, market their cause and refine tactics. The new media facilitates their channeling of deeply held emotions into the production, performance and circulation of counter-narratives that destabilize the planning process as conventionally underst...
A New Method of Automatic Load Shedding Control Based on the Voltage and Frequency Dynamics Interaction

Traditional under frequency load shedding(UFLS)and under voltage load shedding(UVLS)operate independently using either frequency or voltage measurements without considering the actual voltage and frequency dynamics interaction under various system conditions,load characteristics or contingency scenarios.In some cases,it may cause severe under-control or over-control.This paper presents a new method of automatic load shedding control integrating voltage and frequency dynamics interaction in the device's real-time control algorithm.The key techniques are to measure the voltage,frequency and active load demand at the device installation bus,and to calculate a synthesized state variable for triggering stepwise load shedding operation by taking into account a voltage-frequency interaction under the concerned system operating condition,load characteristics or contingency scenarios.Time domain simulation results of a real power system show that the new method has better adaptability to system operating conditions,load characteristics and contingency scenarios.
Human plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase: variation in thermal stability.

There are wide individual variations in the thermal stability of human plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) during incubation at 55°. When the ratio of enzyme activity after heating at 55° for 20 minutes to that before heating (a heated-to-control, or H/C ratio) was used as a measure of thermostabiity, 10.2% of frozen serum samples from 362 randomly selected subjects had relatively thermolabile DBH (H/C < 0.86). These subjects also had a significantly lower average basal DBH activity (471 ± 49 units/ml, mean ± SEM, N = 37) than that of the randomly selected subjects with more thermostable enzyme (829 ± 25 units/ml, N = 325, p < 0.001). However, there was not a significant correlation of the trait of thermolabile DBH (H/C < 0.86) with the presence of the previously described allele for very low basal DBH enzymatic activity (< 50 units/ml). The results of experiments in which plasma from subjects with thermolabile and thermostable DBH were mixed and experiments in which DBH was partially purified from plasma by gel filtration chromatography were compatible with the conclusion that variations in the structural properties of DBH itself were probably related to variations in relative thermostability.
Family physicians' personal experiences of their fathers' health care.

OBJECTIVES The American health care system is complicated and can be difficult to navigate. The physician who observes the care of a family member has a uniquely informed perspective on this system. We hoped to gain insight into some of the shortcomings of the health care system from the personal experiences of physician family members. STUDY DESIGN Using a key informant technique, we invited by E-mail any of the chairpersons of US academic departments of family medicine to describe their recent personal experiences with the health care system when their parent was seriously ill. In-depth semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with each of the study participants. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and labeled for themes. POPULATION Eight family physicians responded to the E-mail, and each was interviewed. These physicians had been in practice for an average of 19 years, were nationally distributed, and included both men and women. Each discussed their father's experience. RESULTS All participants spoke of the importance of an advocate for their fathers who would coordinate medical care. These physicians witnessed various obstacles in their fathers's care, such as poor communication and fragmented care. As a result, many of them felt compelled to intervene in their fathers' care. The physicians expressed concern about the care their fathers received, believing that the system does not operate the way it should. CONCLUSIONS Even patients with a knowledgeable physician family member face challenges in receiving optimal medical care. Patients might receive better care if health care systems reinforced the role of an accountable attending physician, encouraged continuity of care, and emphasized the value of knowing the patient as a person.
Loss of plasma membrane structural support in ATP-depleted renal epithelia

Renal ischemia induces cytoskeletal alterations, membrane perturbations, including bleb formation, and ultimately membrane lysis. The mechanisms that underlie these alterations are largely unknown. Through the use of isolated rat renal proximal tubule fragments and calibrated micropipette techniques, two potential mechanisms for membrane bleb formation during ATP depletion were examined: 1) decreased cytoskeletal retention of the plasma membrane and 2) increased intracellular pressure. Under control conditions, the pressure required to pull the membrane from the underlying cellular matrix was 73 +/- 10 kdyn/cm2. After 30 min of ATP depletion, this pressure was diminished by >95% and blebs began to emerge from the basal membrane. The intracellular pressure within these blebbed cells was only 0.08 +/- 0.02 kdyn/cm2. These observations indicate that, during ATP depletion, the strength of membrane retention diminished until the relatively low intracellular pressure was capable of driving membrane bleb formation. Cytochalasin D, which disrupts the actin cytoskeleton, decreased the strength of membrane retention by 65 +/- 7%. This suggests that, during ATP depletion, alterations of the actin cytoskeleton may mediate the loss of membrane retention.
Examining Restorative Justice: Theology, Traumatic Narratives, and Affective Responsibility

As a movement and challenge to retributive justice models in the USA and Canada, restorative justice promotes rehabilitation and reconciliation in attempts to dispute the effectiveness of current methods of incarceration. Schools of theology represent significant partners in these efforts. This essay contends that entering into the work of restorative justice requires attunement to trauma. Those who engage must not only recognize the ominous reality of trauma, especially for the incarcerated, but must also cultivate consciousness of the affective forces undulating under the surface of traumatic narratives. Situating the analysis at the site of disclosure within the prison, the essay examines what operates affectively in restorative justice’s characteristic dialogue process, pointing to what escapes conscious perception and the resulting ramifications for post-traumatic public theology.
Economic and social activities on ancient Cypriot terraced landscapes.

We investigate ancient agricultural terraces and their associated social and economic activities across the site complex consisting of the village at Politiko-Troullia and its more extensive associated taskscape. Surface artifact distributions mapped over 12 ha are integrated with evidence excavated from this Bronze Age settlement in central Cyprus. Contrary to expectations, artifact densities do not diminish with distance from the village architecture. In particular, concentrations of Prehistoric Bronze Age ceramics and ground stone artifacts are most pronounced on nearby terraced hillsides. These terraces were not utilized for domestic structures, but for extensive processing of agricultural crops and copper ore. Bronze Age excavated plant remains indicate cultivation of olives, grapes and figs, with wood resources dominated by olive and pine. Larger, non-portable ground stones and gaming stones are associated with communal social and economic activities in open courtyard settings in Politiko-Troullia. This category of ground stone also is particularly common on the terraced hillsides around Troullia, suggesting that similar behaviors occurred beyond village structures. The terraced landscape of Politiko-Troullia exemplifies a multi-faceted taskscape with a range of agricultural, metallurgical and social activities.
The Hip Restoration Algorithm.

Background Despite the rapid advancement of imaging and arthroscopic techniques about the hip joint, missed diagnoses are still common. As a deep joint and compared to the shoulder and knee joints, localization of hip symptoms is difficult. Hip pathology is not easily isolated and is often related to intra and extra-articular abnormalities. In light of these diagnostic challenges, we recommend an algorithmic approach to effectively diagnoses and treat hip pain. Methods In this review, hip pain is evaluated from diagnosis to treatment in a clear decision model. First we discuss emergency hip situations followed by the differentiation of intra and extra-articular causes of the hip pain. We differentiate the intra-articular hip as arthritic and non-arthritic and extra-articular pain as surrounding or remote tissue generated. Further, extra-articular hip pain is evaluated according to pain location. Finally we summarize the surgical treatment approach with an algorithmic diagram. Conclusion Diagnosis of hip pathology is difficult because the etiologies of pain may be various. An algorithmic approach to hip restoration from diagnosis to rehabilitation is crucial to successfully identify and manage hip pathologies. Level of evidence: V.
Morphological Diversity of Equilibrium Receptor Systems in Aquatic Invertebrates

For proper behavior and orientation in space, any organism with the capacity to move needs information about its attitude and movement. This information is provided by equilibrium receptor systems. These enable the organism to control its position and motor activities in the three dimensions of space, using the gravitational field as a reference system. Compared with all other reference systems, such as light, sound, odor, and taste, the gravitational field is characterized by a unique feature: during the life span of an organism it is nearly constant in both magnitude and direction. Thus, the gravitational field is an ideal reference system, and during the course of evolution all organisms that use locomotion have developed specialized receptor systems for equilibrium orientation that make use of this reference system.
Utility of the Fitbit Flex to evaluate sleep in major depressive disorder: A comparison against polysomnography and wrist-worn actigraphy.

Background Sleep disturbance is a common and important component of affective illness. Fitness activity trackers are emerging as alternative means to estimate sleep in psychiatric patients; however, their ability to quantify sleep in mood disorders has not been empirically evaluated. Thus, this study sought to evaluate the utility of the Fitbit Flex (FBF) to estimate sleep in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) relative to gold standard polysomnography (PSG) and a widely-used actigraph (Actiwatch-2; AW-2).
Routine Sildenafil Does Not Improve Clinical Outcomes After Fontan Operation

Fontan operation can be complicated by persistent chest tube output (CTO) leading to prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS). Postoperative sildenafil administration has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in selected patients after Fontan. We initiated a practice change utilizing intravenous (IV) sildenafil in early postoperative period in all patients undergoing Fontan operation with aim to decrease LOS and CTO. Nineteen patients (February 2014–May 2016) received 0.35 mg/kg sildenafil IV (three doses) followed by enteral, 1 mg/kg every eight hours until hospital discharge. Clinical outcomes were compared to 84 pre-protocol controls. Vital signs were recorded after second sildenafil dose. Demographics were similar between groups. Sildenafil group had longer median LOS [9 (7, 11) vs. 13 (8, 25) days, p = 0.016]. CTO days were longer [6 (5, 8) vs. 8 (6, 13) days, p = 0.011]. Sildenafil group had longer mechanical ventilation [6.9 (3.5, 11.1) vs. 4 (2, 7) h, p = 0.045] and longer oxygen therapy [99 (52, 225) vs. 14.5 (14, 56) h, p = 0.001]. There was a trend towards more albumin 5% resuscitation in first 24 h [17 (1, 30) vs. 21 (10, 40) ml/kg, p = 0.069]. There was no difference in inotrope score at 24 h, maximum lactate, or fluid balance. Readmission rates were similar. There was no mortality. IV sildenafil was well tolerated, and no doses were held. Routine early administration of sildenafil after Fontan operation is not associated with an improvement in any measured clinical outcome, including postoperative CTO, LOS, colloid administration, or duration of mechanical ventilation.
The Role of U.S. Federal Laboratories in Research and Development of Materials

It is unquestioned that technology is the cornerstone of international competitiveness in manufacturing, for its advancement provides the basis for new industries and the maintenance or resurgence of existing ones. Equally well recognized but sometimes less well publicized, is the role of materials technologies and their technical infrastructure, materials science and engineering (MSE), in influencing the competitive posture of the whole of industrial technology. Materials technologies are enabling, they are essential for the health of every manufacturing industry and must flourish if the technological base is to do so. The competitive demands confronting modern society cannot be satisfied without skillful exploitation of this field to yield quality manufactured products that do totally new things or old things in much better ways. Most technically advanced nations have recognized the importance of MSE and have targeted materials technologies along with biotechnology and computer and information technology as major growth areas in the next decades. In this highly competitive arena the once premier position of U.S. materials technology has eroded over the past decade or so. Compared with our major trading partners, we are only at parity in many materials areas and are being overtaken or surpassed in many others.
Unfolded peptides and proteins studied with infrared absorption and vibrational circular dichroism spectra.

Publisher Summary Unfolded proteins and unstructured peptides form vital thermodynamic states critical to the overall protein folding problem. They represent one of a possible set of initial states in the folding process. This chapter addresses unfolded protein studies with optical spectroscopy, focusing on vibrational infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and its chiroptical variant, and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). Optical spectroscopy is low in resolution, so that site-specific information cannot be obtained without isotopic labeling, yet this failing may offer the best way to study the disordered unfolded state. These techniques are very fast sampling conformations on the picosecond time scale. Thus, they can provide a representation of the equilibrium ensemble of structures, sensed as an average over all the residues or can be used to follow fast kinetic changes in the structures, as might occur in the folding process. As such, optical techniques can be ideal for probing rapid fluctuations in a folding protein or peptide and exploring the distribution of local structures that can occur in an unfolded protein or peptide.
Suffering in the Shadows: Interviews with Wives of Combat Veterans Suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and/or Traumatic Brain Injury

The body of research examining issues confronting combat veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars continues to grow. However, this research focuses primarily upon veterans with very less attention...
IPV in Rural Pennsylvania and Magisterial Courts: Case Study.

Research on the criminal justice system’s response to the problem of intimate partner violence (IPV) largely focuses on police and prosecutorial decision making. Fewer studies are dedicated to expl...