cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Base and Noble Metals with Insulator Supports

Resume Dans notre laboratoire nous avons etudie des systemes de metaux nobles disperses sur des substrats isolants. Les catalyseurs etaient destines a operer a haute temperature dans des conditions oxydantes. Pour caracteriser ces systemes nous avons employe, pour la plupart, des methodes chimiques, par exemple la chimisorption, la reduction a temperature programmee et la reactivite. En outre, la microscopie optique, la microscopie electronique, et des methodes spectroscopiques (photoelectronique, infra-rouge, Auger et RPE) ont donne des informations utiles. En plusieurs occasions, nous avons trouve que les interactions entre les catalyseurs et les substrats ont ete d'importance pratique et qu'elles ont pu ětre modifiees par l'addition d'oxydes de metaux bases. Abstract The work on catalyst-support interactions carried out in the author's laboratory dealt with systems of noble metals dispersed on insulator support. The catalysts were destined to operate at high temperatures under oxidizing conditions. The methods employed for characterization were mainly chemical: chemisorption, temperature-programmed reduction and reactivity. Further, spectroscopical methods (XPS, IR, EPR, Auger) and electron microscopy were applied to provide additional information. In several instances, the understanding of the nature of the interactions has led to significant practical results. These were achieved by modifying the interaction in the desired direction by the incorporation of suitable additives.
Chapter 8: Can Rigorous Research Be for the Masses? A Second Student/Teacher Debrief

This creative nonfiction dramatic scene is set at an academic conference after a formal peer response to Memories that Matter: Elders’ Narratives of Love and Loss, the morning before its official screening at a national academic film festival. The film, derived from the verbatim excerpts of open-ended narratives with elders experiencing memory loss, was created through an upper-level applied learning course as part of the professor’s research and teaching agendas. The dialogue between the professor/director and student performer illuminates the ongoing tensions between acting versus performing; film versus live productions; performance ethnography versus narrative cinema; academic versus community audiences; and applied learning pedagogy versus artistic research methodology.
Transformation learning based domain adaptation for robust classification of disparate hyperspectral data

In this paper, we propose a novel domain adaptation method for the classification of hyperspectral images. The proposed method projects the samples from both the source and target domain into a common latent space, where the ratio of within-class distance to between-class distance is minimized. We present a probabilistic framework to learn such transformations and solve the problem with an alternating maximizing algorithm, resulting in a discriminative subspace. The proposed method is evaluated on a challenging real-world hyperspectral dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method compared to conventional domain adaptation methods.
End of Moore's Law: Or, a Computer Architect's Mid-life Crisis?

The computer architecture community faces an important and exciting challenge. On one hand, Moore’s law is slowing down, stressing traditional assumptions around cheaper and faster systems every year. But at the same time, our demand continues to grow at phenomenal rates, with deeper analysis over ever growing volumes of data, new diverse workloads in the cloud, and smarter edge devices. Is the situation dire, or is this just another phase in the evolution of system architecture. In this talk, I will summarize recent technology and workload trends and discuss likely scenarios for the evolution of future system architectures, with a focus on large “warehouse-scale computing” environments. Specifically, I will discuss how responding to the current opportunities will require more “out-of-the-box” designs —considering the entire datacenter as a computer, co-designing across hardware and software, and developing new architectural constructs.
Cognitive-behavioral constructs and children's behavioral and emotional problems

Each cognitive behavior therapy has produced research concerning the cognitive construct it posits to mediate psychopathology. This study attempted to compare the major cognitive behavioral constructs to determine how they are related to each other and how each is related to teachers' perception of externalized and internalized behavioral and emotional problems. Children between the ages of 9 to 13 were classified as internalized, externalized, mixed, or no behavior and emotional problems groups according to their scores on the Teacher's Report Form of the Child Behavior Checklist and teachers' ratings on the Walker Problem Identification Scale. Measures of Ellis' (1962) irrationality, Beek's (1976) negative automatic thoughts, Spivack's (Spivack, Platt, & Shure, 1976) social problem skills, and Meichenbaum's (1977) guiding self statements were administered to the children. The results indicated that the various cognitive constructs were only moderately correlated with each other. Irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions were correlated higher than other comparisons. The correlations between the measures of the constructs suggest they are slightly related but represent different constructs. The emotional and behavioral problems groups scored higher than the no problems group on some subtest of irrational beliefs and negative cognitive thoughts. Also, the measures of emotional and behavior problems correlated significantly with some subtest of irrational beliefs and negative automatic thoughts. Irrational beliefs appeared to be related to internalized and externalized emotional and behavioral problems, while negative automatic thoughts appeared to be best related to internalized emotional and behavioral problems. The measures of problem solving skills and guiding self statements appear to be best related to externalized problems.
Solvothermal Synthesis of MIL-96 and UiO-66-NH2 on Atomic Layer Deposited Metal Oxide Coatings on Fiber Mats

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which contain reactive metal clusters and organic ligands allowing for large porosities and surface areas, have proven effective in gas adsorption, separations, and catalysis. MOFs are most commonly synthesized as bulk powder, requiring additional processes to adhere them to functional devices and fabrics that risk decreasing the powder porosity and adsorption capacity. Here, we demonstrate a method of first coating fabrics with metal oxide films using atomic layer deposition (ALD). This process creates conformal films of controllable thickness on each fiber, while providing a more reactive surface for MOF nucleation. By submerging the ALD coated fabric in solution during solvothermal MOF synthesis, the MOFs create a conformal, well-adhered coating on the fibers, resulting in a MOF-functionalized fabric, without additional adhesion materials that may block MOF pores and functional sites. Here we demonstrate two solvothermal synthesis methods. First, we form a MIL-96(Al) layer on polypropylene fibers using synthetic conditions that convert the metal oxide to MOF. Using initial inorganic films of varying thicknesses, diffusion of the organic linker into the inorganic allows us to control the extent of MOF loading on the fabric. Second, we perform a solvothermal synthesis of UiO-66-NH2 in which the MOF nucleates on the conformal metal oxide coating on polyamide-6 (PA-6) fibers, thereby producing a uniform and conformal thin film of MOF on the fabric. The resulting materials can be directly incorporated into filter devices or protective clothing and eliminate the maladroit qualities of loose powder.
13 – OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Optical properties, perhaps more than any other property, are a triumph of the quantum theory of atoms and solids. The electric field component of high-frequency electromagnetic light waves interacts strongly with the electrons of the solid. But electrons in the atoms of solids conform to a quantum order, and therefore, restrictions in their interactions with light are expected. Each of the classes of materials exhibits important optical properties that have been harnessed for useful purposes. The high density of conduction electrons in metals is responsible for their high reflectivity, which is capitalized on in mirrors and in applications where aesthetic appearance is a consideration. At the other extreme (in optical as with other properties) are the insulators and dielectrics composed of polymers, oxides, ionic materials, and so on. They contain very few unbound electrons that can interact with impinging light, but many electric dipoles that either exist or can be potentially induced. Polarization alters the speed of light in these solids, but there is very little absorption, contrary to the behavior in metals. As a result they are largely transparent and uncolored. Thin-film optical coatings to reduce reflection from underlying substrates are an important application of these materials. Coloration of nonmetallic materials occurs when enough electron levels are positioned within the energy gap to undergo transitions that yield visible light. Introduction of metal cations not only may impart color, but may also slow the speed of optical transitions so that the material luminesces under suitable stimuli.Semiconductors are the most exciting optical materials because of the active electro-optical devices that are possible. Unlike insulators and dielectrics, the electrons that undergo optical transitions are sufficiently numerous and mobile to also be directly coupled to external electrical circuits.
Drinking goals and attainment in a naltrexone trial of young adult heavy drinkers.

OBJECTIVE Drinking goals set at treatment onset predict treatment outcome in patients with alcohol use disorders. Yet the cognitive constructs of goal setting and goal attainment are understudied in young adult drinkers. This study sought to examine how the interplay of goal setting and goal attainment during treatment impacts treatment outcome in a sample of young adult heavy drinkers. METHOD Participants were 128 young adult heavy drinkers (Mage = 21.5 years) who participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week efficacy trial of naltrexone plus brief counseling. Participants were not required to be interested in changing their drinking for inclusion. Drinking goals were assessed at baseline, midtreatment, and end of treatment. Outcomes were peak drinking, typical drinking, and drinking frequency. RESULTS Results from PROCESS serial, multiple mediator models showed that midtreatment goal setting and goal attainment collectively predicted peak drinking (b = 0.87, 95% CI [0.40, 1.37]) and drinking frequency (b = 0.66, 95% CI [0.37, 1.06]). Only midtreatment goal setting mediated the relationship between baseline goal setting and typical drinking (b = 0.35, 95% CI [0.10, 0.85]). Participants who set more ambitious drinking goals at baseline were more likely to set subsequent, ambitious goals; more ambitious goals at midtreatment were associated with better treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION Setting initial, ambitious goals led to further ambitious goals, which ultimately contributed to lower levels of drinking. Thus, cognitive processes during treatment may be an important target of intervention efforts. For example, the inclusion of goal-setting exercises during treatment could serve to improve intervention effects. (PsycINFO Database Record
Audiovisual Integration in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex

Language and communication rely on the combination of visual and auditory information. The frontal lobes have long been known to support communication processing and receive a wide array of sensory inputs from many brain regions. The ventral frontal lobe, specifically the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), receives afferents from auditory and visual association cortices. Recordings in nonhuman primates indicate that single neurons in the VLPFC integrate face and vocal stimuli. These multisensory neurons show enhanced and suppressed responses to face and vocalization combinations. Furthermore, studies indicate that ventral prefrontal neurons are affected by the semantic congruence of face-vocalization pairs and by the temporal synchrony of dynamic face-vocalization stimuli. Recordings of VLPFC neurons in macaques performing working memory tasks demonstrate that neurons are context dependent and respond to specific combinations of face and vocal stimuli during memory and decision tasks. Finally, transient inactivation of the prefrontal cortex impairs working memory for face-vocalization stimuli. Thus, results from several studies indicate that the primate prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the processing and integration of face and vocalization information that is essential during communication and social cognition.
A Review on Effective Acoustic Emission

To improve nondestructive evaluation (NDE), the dependences of acoustic emission testing were investigated. Acoustic emission testing, is a technique in the NDE field that has multiple different advantages. Its versatility allows engineers and other researchers to detect and monitor flaws and discontinuities within different materials. This report will describe how acoustic emission (AE) testing is being used to monitor materials such as metal, concrete, composites, polymers, and wood. This will be done by explaining a brief theory and provide examples of AE and how it’s applied to different materials. NDE is an important field within engineering because it evaluates complex components of a system and provides data related to the health of these components without damaging them. This paper describes in detail the AE detection and verification process in order to give some references for the industry counterparts, while promoting the development of the AE technology.
Studies with Hematoporphyrin Derivative in Transplantable Urothelial Tumors

HpD is a mixture of dicarboxylic porphyrins with tumor localizing as well as photosensitizing properties. The active component(s) of HpD and the alkali solubilized HpD, hereafter referred to as HpD (Inj.), have been under intense study in many laboratories (general ref.: Kessel and Dougherty, 1983).
Multimodal Nonopioid Pain Protocol Provides Equivalent Pain Versus Opioid Control Following Meniscus Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose To assess the effectiveness of a nonopioid pain regimen in controlling postoperative pain as compared with a traditional opioid pain control following primary meniscectomy or meniscal repair. Methods Ninety-nine patients undergoing primary meniscectomy or meniscal repair were assessed for participation. A prospective randomized control trial was performed in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 statement. The 2 arms of the study included a multimodal nonopioid analgesic protocol and a standard opioid regimen with a primary outcome of postoperative pain level (visual analog scale) for the first 10 days postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction. Randomization was achieved using a random-number generator. Patients were not blinded. Data collection was done by a blinded observer. Results Eleven patients did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 27 declined participation. A total of 61 patients were analyzed with 30 randomized to the opioid regimen and 31 randomized to the nonopioid regimen. Patients receiving the nonopioid regimen demonstrated noninferior visual analog scale scores compared with patients who received opioid pain medication (P > .05). No significant differences were found in preoperative (opioid: 58.9 ± 7.0; nonopioid: 58.2 ± 5.5, P = .724) or postoperative (opioid: 59.8 ± 6.5; nonopioid: 54.9 ± 7.1, P = .064) Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System Pain Interference Short Form scores. No difference was found in recorded side effects between both groups at any given time point: constipation, nausea, diarrhea, upset stomach, and drowsiness (P > .05). Conclusions This study found that a multimodal nonopioid pain protocol provided equivalent pain control and patient outcomes following primary meniscus surgery while having an equivalent side effect profile. All patients reported satisfaction with their pain management without requiring emergency opioid analgesia. Level of Evidence Level I, prospective randomized controlled trial.
SLAP Lesion: Part IV. Management of Concomitant Rotator Cuff Tear

Rotator cuff tears (RCT) and SLAP tears may occur concomitantly, representing a challenging therapeutic problem. Careful use of history, physical exam, and radiologic modalities is imperative in delineating the pathology that is most contributing to the patient’s pain or dysfunction. As the biceps-labral complex contributes to shoulder stability, SLAP lesions promote instability which increases the stresses upon the rotator cuff. Thus, some surgeons advocate for SLAP repair with concomitant rotator cuff repair; however, others recommend against SLAP repair in the setting of rotator cuff tears given concerns for postoperative stiffness.
Lighting for the elderly

This paper does not address all possible forms of lighting for the elderly. Rather, it seeks to explain what it is about the elderly visual system that makes changes from conventional lighting practice desirable and then to summarise what those changes are. As the visual system ages, the range of distances over which focus can be achieved is diminished, the amount of light reaching the retina is reduced, more of the light entering the eye is scattered, and the colour of the light is altered by preferential absorption of short wavelengths. Everyone who lives long enough will experience these changes, but with increasing age there is also an increased probability of pathological change in the eye. These pathological changes can lead to partial sight and, ultimately, blindness. The consequences of all these changes in the visual system with age are reduced visual acuity, reduced contrast sensitivity, reduced colour discrimination, increased time taken to adapt to large and sudden changes in luminance and increased sensitivity to glare. Lighting can be used to compensate for these changes, to some extent, and hence can be used to support the independence and quality of life of the elderly.
Martial Law in California

IT IS needless for me to say that I am happy to be present at so distinguished a gathering, and this notwithstanding the subject you have asked me to discuss is far from being a happy subject. For martial law, gentlemen, whatever its occasion, never connotes peace, but always trouble. In time of war, however, it is a most important subject; and it is especially so to us, who live in the very center of a zone of military operations which may at any moment be transformed into a theater of active combat.
Engineering medical processes to improve their safety

This paper describes experiences in using precise definitions of medical processes as the basis for analyses aimed at finding and correcting defects leading to improvements in patient safety. The work entails the use of the Little-JIL process definition language for creating the precise definitions, the Propel system for creating precise specifications of process requirements, and the FLAVERS systems for analyzing process definitions. The paper describes the details of using these technologies, employing a blood transfusion process as an example. Although this work is still ongoing, early experiences suggest that our approach is viable and promising. The work has also helped us to learn about the desiderata for process definition and analysis technologies that are intended to be used to engineer methods.
Cultural and Ritual Empowerment of Women in the Northern Courts: Yu Xin’s Epitaphic Writings

Yu Xin (513–581) was famous for writing muzhiming epitaphs. Of his nineteen extant pieces written for the Xianbei nobles in the Northern courts, thirteen were for women. In this regard, Yu Xin surpassed his contemporary men of letters of the entire Southern and Northern dynasties (420–589), both by quantity and by quality. As the leading man of letters from the South, Yu Xin was retained by the Northern courts for cultural strengthening. His epitaphic writing obviously resulted from the court’s order for this purpose. His emphasis on women was however rooted in his personal experience as well as the intellectual trends and social customs of his time. Influenced by the Wei-Jin (220–420) self-awakening, women in the Southern and Northern dynasties enjoyed relatively more spiritual freedom and less social confinement than their Han predecessors. While this Wei-Jin legacy continued in the South more from the intellectual respect, in the North it found unison from tribal regimes’ inherited esteem for women. Yu Xin’s epitaphs for women clearly combined all these cultural and social influences. Using ornate parallel prose (pianwen) style, Yu Xin wove cultural traditions into Northern women’s daily lives, bestowing these women with collective cultural status as well as intimate personal profiles. The genre of epitaph, as a ritual language, also highly ritualized these women’s social status. Both effectively empowered women in the Northern court. Meanwhile, these works also reflected Yu Xin’s own vision of an ideal womanhood.
Elementary Rate Processes in theDissociative CO for C2H4Substitution Reactions ofOrganometallic Complexes in theGas Phase

Dissociative substitution mechanisms abound in organometallic chemistry. For certain systems, such processes can be isolated in the gas phase, where, as sequences of elementary unimolecular and bimolecular reactions, their kinetics can convey information on fundamental energetics and dynamics of metal-centered chemical transformations. Methods of competitive kinetics, using time-resolved infrared absorption spectrometry, provide relative and absolute rate constants for comparatively fast reactions. Work yielding unimolecular decay and relative bimolecular production rate constants for selected bis- and tris-ethylene complexes of iron and chromium carbonyls is summarized together with a report of new work on the CO-for-C2H4 substitution kinetics of (C2H4)Cr(CO)5.
BOLD fMRI in Infants under Sedation: Comparing the Impact of Pentobarbital and Propofol on Auditory and Language Activation

Purpose To elucidate differences in the disruption of language network function, as measured by blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast functional MRI (fMRI), attributable to two common sedative agents administered to infants under clinical imaging protocols. Materials and Methods The sedatives pentobarbital (Nembutal) and Propofol, administered clinically to infants at 1 year of age, were compared with respect to BOLD activation profiles in response to passive story-listening stimulation. An intermittent event-related imaging protocol was used with which the temporal evolution of language processing resulting from this stimulation was explored. Results Propofol and Nembutal were found to have distinct and complementary responses to story-listening. Propofol exhibited more activation in higher processing networks with increasing response toward the end of narrative stimulus. Nembutal, in contrast, had much more robust activation of primary and secondary sensory cortices but a decreasing response over time in fronto-parietal default-mode regions. This may suggest a breakdown of top-down feedback for Propofol versus the lack of bottom-up feed-forward processing for Nembutal. Conclusion Two popular sedative agents for use in children for clinical fMRI were found to induce distinct alteration of activation patterns from a language stimulus. This has ramifications for clinical fMRI of sedated infants and encourages further study to build a framework for more confident interpretation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1184–1195. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An evaluation of GPU acceleration for sparse reconstruction

Image processing applications typically parallelize well. This gives a developer interested in data throughput several different implementation options, including multiprocessor machines, general purpose computation on the graphics processor, and custom gate-array designs. Herein, we will investigate these first two options for dictionary learning and sparse reconstruction, specifically focusing on the K-SVD algorithm for dictionary learning and the Batch Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for sparse reconstruction. These methods have been shown to provide state of the art results for image denoising, classification, and object recognition. We'll explore the GPU implementation and show that GPUs are not significantly better or worse than CPUs for this application.
A Tribute to Professor Stephen A. Zeff

This tribute will address Professor Stephen A. Zeff's scholarship and educational contributions to our profession. We begin with a brief history of how he came to select accounting as his field of ...
A giant bacterial form (Simonsiella) seen in oral exfoliative cytology preparations.

Abstract A very large bacillary form of microorganism with a unique structural configuration was observed as an incidental finding in the course of an oral exfoliative cytology examination of three patients. The organisms occur in trichomes (filaments) composed of cells aligned face to face. Each filament is about 3 microns wide and may be of considerable length (15 to 50 microns). On a morphologic basis, the organism was considered to belong to the genus Simonsiella, a harmless saprophyte that occurs in the oral cavity in man and domestic animals.
Low Cost 3D Visualization for Collaborative Mission Rehearsal Applications

Recent developments in the personal computer 3D graphics card industry have enabled the development of high performance, low cost, collaborative applications for 3D visualization. These developments have given us the ability to create an application framework that utilizes a virtual environment, supporting multiple users interacting in real time. This document describes the architecture of the Open Visualization Environment (OVEN) for performing mission planning and rehearsal.
High-level synthesis techniques for in-circuit assertion-based verification

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly employed in both high-performance computing and embedded systems due to performance and power advantages compared to microprocessors. However, widespread usage of FPGAs has been limited by increased design complexity. Highlevel synthesis has reduced this complexity but often relies on inaccurate software simulation or lengthy register-transfer-level simulations for verification and debugging, which is unattractive to software developers. In this paper, we present high-level synthesis techniques that allow application designers to efficiently synthesize ANSI-C assertions into FPGA circuits, enabling real-time verification and debugging of circuits generated from highlevel languages, while executing in the actual FPGA environment. Although not appropriate for all systems (e.g., safety-critical systems), the proposed techniques enable software developers to rapidly verify and debug FPGA applications, while reducing frequency by less than 3% and increasing FPGA resource utilization by less than 0.13% for several application case studies on an Altera Stratix-II EP2S180 using Impulse-C. The presented techniques reduced area overhead by as much as 3x and improved assertion performance by as much as 100% compared to unoptimized in-circuit assertions.
Comparison of Traffic Noise Model 2.5 with 2.1 and Measured Data

Traffic Noise Model Version 2.5 (TNM 2.5) will soon be the official traffic noise model required by the FHWA for federally funded projects. TNM was updated from Version 2.1 to 2.5 to address two major issues: the overprediction found in the previous version of TNM and an anomaly related to diffraction points. This research focused on comparing the TNM 2.5 predicted results with TNM 2.1 predicted values and with measured data from 18 barrier locations in Florida. Matched pairs of predicted and measured differences between the data for TNM 2.5 and TNM 2.1 were evaluated and a direct comparison of the two models was made. This research demonstrated that the predicted results from TNM 2.5 had an average error for all 18 barrier locations of less than 1 dB. However, when each of the sites is evaluated individually, TNM 2.5 has a tendency to underpredict slightly at many of the evaluated barrier locations. Finally, TNM 2.5-predicted results tend to be about 3 dB(A) on average less than TNM 2.1 at a defined reference measurement position, which is relatively unaffected by ground effects or diffraction, and about 1 dB less at microphone positions behind evaluated barriers when compared with TNM 2.1.
Physioecology of zooplankton. II. Effects of phytoplankton concentration, temperature, and body size on the development and molting rates of Calanus pacificus and Pseudocalanus sp.

Developmental time and stage duration for Calanus pacificus Brodsky and Pseudocalanus sp. and the rate of loss of body carbon by molting for C. pacificus were estimated for copepodite stages cultured under various combinations of phytoplankton concentration and temperature. Mean development time and stage duration for C. pacificus decreased hyperbolically with increasing food concentration, and the minimum time required for reaching a given stage decreased logarithmically with a logarithmic increase in temperature. Low temperature retarded the development of early stages proportionally more than that of late stages, and stage duration increased logarithmically with increasing body weight. Therefore, copepodite development was not isochronal. The rate of loss of body carbon by molting was small, ranging from 0.2 to 2% day-1. This rate increased hyperbolically with food concentration and was linearly related to the growth rate. The critical food concentration for the rates of development and molting increased with temperature and stage of development, but these rates were less dependent on food concentration than the growth rate. The development rate of Pseudocalanus sp. was higher than that of C. pacificus, and was less influenced by changes in food concentration and temperature. It is postulated that the inverse relationship between temperature and body size results from a differential effect of temperature and body size on the rates of growth and development. That is, with increasing body size the growth rate tends to become temperature-independent, but the development rate remains proportional to temperature. Thus, copepodites growing at low temperature can experience a greater weight increment between molting periods than individuals growing at high temperature, because the growth rate is similar at all temperatures but stage duration is longer at low temperature.
A stiff ode solver for use in solving two-dimensional reaction-diffusion problems

A special procedure for solving block tridiagonal systems has been added to a stiff differential equation solver. The modified solver is particularly suited for use in solving two-dimensional reaction-diffusion problems.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION PRODUCTS OF BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRASELENAFULVALENE (BETS) AND TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM TETRACHLOROGALLATE

Abstract Nine different crystal morphologies have been isolated from the electrocrystallization products of bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) and tetrabutylammonium tetrachlorogallate. The morphologies have been examined by X-ray crystallography and electrical transport measurements and have been assigned to several different crystal systems: κ-, λ-, and κ′-(BETS)2GaCl4, α-(BETS)3GaCl4-TCE, and an incompletely characterized semiconductor. In experiments designed to gain some understanding of the variable resistive superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) in λ-(BETS)2GaCl4, the influence of gold paste on the AC susceptibility TC was examined: gold paste raises the onset of superconductivity, and the effect is reversible. In related studies, it was found that isotropic pressure lowers Tc in λ-(BETS)2GaCl4 by-0.31 K/kbar. These observations are discussed.
Evaluation of a linear amplification method for small samples used on high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis.

Abstract High-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis has proven to be an excellent approach for gene expression profiling in human cancers. This technique assesses the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously, from at least 5 μg of total RNA per sample per experiment. This total RNA requirement poses a challenge when studying small, unique clinical samples, like biopsies. Recently, a new standardized protocol for small samples was released by Affymetrix, which includes a linear amplification step. To evaluate the impact of such amplification in the gene expression profiling of human ovarian cancer, we compared results obtained from 5 μg and 100 ng of total RNA from the same tumor sample, using the standard Affymetrix protocol and the new linear RNA amplification protocol, respectively. We identified a small bias in gene expression data caused by linear amplification, potentially due to shorter elongation products leading to misclassification of probe sets directed to the middle-5′ region of the transcripts. Interestingly, the magnitude of the bias varied when different normalization and expression summary algorithms were used. However, this bias does not affect tumor gene expression profiling. Consequently, linear amplification may be of utility in cases of extremely low RNA recovery from critical and unique samples, such as small biopsies.
Ventilatory Effects of Doxapram in Conscious Human Subjects

The ventilatory effects of a bolus intravenous dose of doxapram (0.37 to 0.47 mg/kg) were studied in ten healthy normal subjects. An immediate significant (p less than 0.001) increase in minute ventilation (VE) was due, in equal part, to significant increases in tidal volume (VT) and frequency (f). The inspiratory (TI) and expiratory time (TE) per breath decreased significantly. Mouth occlusion pressure increased significantly, in association with the increase in VT; there was no change in the ratio of VE to mouth occlusion pressure, indicating that respiratory mechanics did not alter. These results indicate that doxapram increases ventilation in conscious, normal man by an increase in inspiratory neuromuscular drive and a change in central breath timing. The ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure responses to progressive isocapnic hypoxia and progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia were significantly altered by an intravenous infusion of doxapram (1 mg/min) only in the elevations (Y-intercepts) of the slopes of VE and mouth occlusion pressure; the regression coefficients did not change significantly. These results indicate that in conscious normal subjects, doxapram acts on both the peripheral and central respiratory receptors.
The Role of Basal Cells in Adhesion of Columnar Epithelium to Airway Basement Membrane

In this report, we present a new concept of the role of the basal cell in airway epithelium. Previously, the basal cell was thought to be the progenitor cell for the columnar epithelium. However, several studies have shown that this concept may not be correct. The morphologic aspects of the basal cell suggest that it could play a role in adhesion of the columnar epithelium to the basement membrane. Basal cells form attachments with columnar cells (desmosomes) and with the basement membrane (hemidesmosomes). Columnar cells do not form hemidesmosome attachments with the basement membrane. Basal cells could strengthen the adhesion of columnar cells to the basement membrane by forming hemidesmosome attachments to the basement membrane and desmosome attachments with adjacent columnar cells. Incidental evidence from 2 existing publications concerning airway microanatomy support this concept. As columnar cells grow taller, the proportion of the cell surface in contact with the basement membrane becomes progressi...
Hippocampal unit-behavior correlations during classical conditioning

Abstract The correspondence that develops over the course of classical conditioning between the temporal distribution of increased unit activity in the rabbit hippocampus and the amplitude-time distribution of the behavioral nictitating membrane response is analyzed. Results reveal a high degree of correspondence between neural and behavioral measures. The real time correlation between the within-trial probability of increased hippocampal unit discharge and amplitude-time course of the nictitating membrane response grows substantially with learning. Further analyses reveal that this apparent increase in correlation results from a growth in amount of hippocampal unit activity per se (i.e., a differentiation of the hippocampal unit response from background firing rates), rather than an increase in the correspondence between cellular and behavioral measures (i.e. a repatterning of hippocampal discharges to more accurately code spatio-temporal aspects of the behavioral response). These and other results indicate that the neuronal ‘temporal model’ of the behavioral response either develops within the hippocampus from the first few conditioning trials or develops first in entorhinal cortex to subsequently influence hippocampal discharge patterns. On the other hand, the increase in amount of hippocampal unit activity developing with conditioning appears to occur within the hippocampus.
The isochronous storage ring free electron laser

Abstract The concept of an isochronous storage ring free electron laser is studied using a simple model based on the longitudinal moments of the stored electron distribution. Laser performance is given as a function of machine parameters including momentum compaction and current density. Altogether, using the model presented we are able to calculate laser rise time, saturation characteristics, output power, and the time-dependent longitudinal profile of the optical laser pulses.
Technique for restoring endodontically treated anterior teeth with precision posts and porcelain-bonded-to-gold crowns

A method is described for restoring anterior teeth that have been treated endodontically. A full crown with porcelain bonded to gold and a precision post and sleeve are used in a method to restore endodontically treated anterior teeth. Advantages include protection of the tooth from fracture in the future and utilization of the same sleeve later should another crown be needed.
Chronic pain and abuse: Listening for the connection

This book interweaves educational material and social commentary with poignant clinical tales of the women it seeks to serve. The women in these stories suffer not only from chronic pain, but also from desperation, fear, isolatiorl. and a pervasive sense of powerIe+ neSS in Ilr.:ir lives. TLese stories will be all 100 familiar tc rhe seasoned clinician who tends to the n.& of wOrnen with chronic pain. For the D Gee practitioner, they may be eyeopeni,,g examples of the multitude of chronic health Lcmplaints that defy the medical
Diversification of West Nile virus in a subtropical region

West Nile virus (WNV) has spread across North, Central, and South America since its introduction in 1999. At the start of this spread, Florida was considered a potentially important area with regards to transmission due to its geographic, climatological, and demographic conditions. Curiously, the anticipated high levels of transmission or disease outbreaks have not been observed. As other studies have predicted that the lack of intense WNV transmission is not due to vector incompetence, we sought to evaluate the role of viral strain diversity in WNV transmission in Florida. Therefore, a phylogentic analysis was carried out on several isolates collected from three distinct locations in Florida. Contrasting with a positive control collected in Indian River County, Florida during 2003 that contains the original NY99 genotype with valanine at amino acid 159 of the envelope region, all of the isolates collected in 2005 contain the WN02 genotype composed of a substation with alanine at that position indicating the window of introduction of the WN02 genotype occurred between 2003 and 2005. From the eight isolates collected in Duval, Indian River, and Manatee Counties; there is also a silent nucleotide substitution that differentiates the isolates collected on the Atlantic side of the state compared to the isolate collected on the Gulf side, which groups closer to isolates from other locations near the Gulf. As a whole, the Florida isolates contained numerous variable nucleotide and amino acid sites from the reference sequences, as well as each other; indicating greater nucleotide diversity within the Florida 2005 isolates than within other regions. Finally, a series of three amino acid substitutions surrounding a set of histidines located in the envelope coding region that hypothesized to play a role in conformational changes was found in the isolate collected in Indian River County, perhaps changing the antigenicity of the homodimer. Taken together, these findings expand our understanding of the temporal and spatial compartmentalization of West Nile virus subtypes within North America.
Amplitude Dependency of Regional Chest Wall Resistance and Elastance at Normal Breathing Frequencies

Current methods for measurement of chest wall properties assume that resistance (R) and elastance (E) are independent of the volume breathed. In six healthy subjects relaxed at functional residual capacity, we measured total and regional R and E of the chest wall within the range of normal breathing frequencies (0.2 to 0.6 Hz) and tidal volumes (250 to 750 ml), using volume forcing at the mouth as previously described. With these methods, esophageal and gastric pressures are compared with surface displacements measured with inductance plethysmographic belts to calculate R and E of rib cage and diaphragm-abdomen "pathways." Rib cage R and E were 25 to 30% higher than that of the total chest wall at each frequency and volume, whereas diaphragm-abdomen R and E were at least five times higher. R of the chest wall and each of the pathways decreased by about 70% with increasing frequency and by about 30% with increasing tidal volume. E of the chest wall and each of the pathways also decreased by about 30% with increasing tidal volume but was independent of frequency in this range. These results are consistent with nonlinear, viscoplastic models presented elsewhere. We conclude that: (1) despite the great structural differences between the rib cage and diaphragm-abdomen, each exhibits nonlinear behavior similar to that of the total chest wall; (2) chest wall R and E depend importantly on frequency and tidal volume.
LEADERS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING: A PROFILE OF CHIEF ACADEMIC OFFICERS IN 2‐YEAR COLLEGES

A survey of chief academic officers (CAOs) of 1,243 public and private community, junior, and technical colleges in the United States was conducted in 1991. The background data on these respondents are reported in this paper. A profile of the CAOs shows them to be middle‐aged white men. Doctorates were held by 69% and the majority had taught in traditional transfer fields. Most have published or presented a paper in the last 5 years. Women and minorities published/presented slightly more than white male respondents. More than a third of the publications were in the CAOs’ teaching field; the remainder were on issues including faculty development, curriculum, leadership, and planning. The modest extent of diversity in race, age, and gender suggests that community colleges need to explore alternative ways of addressing diversity in student bodies, when that exists, and diversity in the complex American society. Finally, the study indicates that demographic data alone are insufficient for understanding chief ...
KRYPTORACEMIC CRYSTALLIZATION. PART 4. SYNTHESIS AND X-RAY STRUCTURE OF THE CONGLOMERATE [Co(en)2Ox]F 11.5H2O(I), ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF A COORDINATION COMPOUND CRYSTALLIZING AS A KRYPTORACEMATE

Abstract Aracemic solution of [Co(en)2Ox]F 11.5H2O(I), CoFO15.5N4C6H39, crystallizes as a kryptoracemate in the enantiomorphic space group C2 (No. 5) with lattice constants: a = 21.150(19) A, b= 11.866(8), c= 13.197(2) A and β = 101.62(8)°; V= 3243.97 A3 and d(calc; M.W. = 493.92 gm-mol−1, z = 8) = 2.020 g-cm3. A total of 2335 data were collected over the range of 4° ≤ 2θ ≤ 45°; of these, 1735 (independent and with I ≥ 2.5[sgrave](I)) were used in the structural analysis. Data were corrected for absorption (μ = 10.75 cm−1) and the relative transmission coefficients ranged from 0.5557 to 0.7852. Refinement converged to final residuals of 0.063 and 0.072 for R(F) and RW(F), respectively. There are two formula weights in the asymmetric unit of (I) and the absolute configuration was determined by the Flack test. For (I), the absolute configuration at Col is A(δλ.) and for Co2 is δ(λδ), which by comparision with the known absolute configurations of the chloride and bromide derivatives,4 allows us to assign the...
File Organization: On the Selection of Random Access Index Points for Sequential Files

The construction of a hierarchy of indexes (the indexed sequential access method) is one means of providing rapid random access to sequential files. An examination is made of the consequences of partially or completely replacing one or more index levels by linear interpolation procedures. For all possible configurations of the several types of key distributions investigated, linear interpolation on the average provides significant performance improvements. Typically, the two accesses required to obtain track index and data are reduced to 1.1 to 1.7 accesses per record. Extremely unusual key distribution will, however, raise the number of accesses required above 2.
Desoxycholic acid enhancement of orally administered reserpine.

Quantities of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32 molar amounts of resergine : desoxycholic acid were dissolved in alcohol and/or chloroform, chilled to −5°, and solvents removed under reduced pressure. When administered orally to mice, the presence of desoxycholic acid hastened blepharoptotic activity and increased blepharoptotic potency of reserpine. Maximum enhancement was observed with 1:16 reserpine- desoxycholic acid where 1 mg. of reserpine as the combination was equivalent to 3.8–2.5 mg. of reserpine base using observations 2 and 24 hr. after dosage, respectively. An equivalent physical mixture prepared by trituration was significantly more potent than reserpine base but much less potent than the prepared combination. Desoxycholic acid alone was without blepharoptotic activity.
Occurrence and distribution of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum , in the upper tidal Delaware River

Sampling in the upper tidal Delaware River between Trenton, New Jersey, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from July 1981 through December 1984 demonstrated the existence of a significant population of shortnose sturgeon. The sturgeon aggregate in the river channel during daylight hours, especially in the area between Trenton and Florence, New Jersey (river km 211.8 to 198.8). Occurrence in the river downstream of Florence appears to be restricted by poor water quality during summer months. Sturgeon were present in the study area throughout the year, but largest numbers were collected from May though November. No spawning was observed during this study, but presence of males with milt suggests that spawning possibly occurs in the Trenton area. Preliminary population estimates (Peterson, Schnabel and Seber-Jolly) indicate an adult population of approximately 6,000–14,000 shortnose sturgeon occupying the upper tidal Delaware River.