cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scalar time-series simulations using flamelet state relationships for turbulent non-premixed flames

Simulations of scalar (OH, CH, and number density) time series and comparisons to experimental data are presented using a laminar flamelet model. Realistic time series for mixture fraction (Z) were constructed by employing measured Z mean and rms values in conjunction with realistic power spectral densities (PSDs), probability density functions (PDFs), and integral time scales. A unique procedure was implemented to permit simultaneous specification of both the PSD and PDF shapes for Z. These Z time series were mapped to other scalar time series by using flamelet state relationships from a strained laminar flame code. The simulated statistics are compared to recent data in hydrogen/methane/nitrogen flames. The predictions of OH and CH time scales directly depend on the time scale for Z; however, they are not identical because of the narrow state relationships for reactive scalars. The model successfully captures complicated features in the radial distribution of OH integral time scales. In a separate inverse calculation, the simulation is used to estimate Z time scales from each of the measured OH, CH, and number density data. In each case the Z time scale is found to be ∼0.75 ms on the jet centerline. In contrast to time scales from non-reacting jet studies, this Z time scale is nearly invariant with axial height and at low axial heights varies only slowly with radial location, implying that convective scaling (jet width/local velocity) may be insufficient for the accurate description of mixing time scales in jets with heat release.
Screening strategies for the detection of anticarcinogenic enzyme inducers

Abstract The induction of electrophile-processing Phase II enzymes (i.e., glutathione S-transferases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and quinone reductase) is a major mechanism whereby a large group of heterogeneous compounds prevent the toxic, mutagenic, and neoplastic effects of carcinogens. This paper reviews the direct assay of quinone reductase in cultured cells as a method to rapidly detect potentially anticarcinogenic substances. Cells (usually Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells) growing in 96-well microtiter plates are exposed to test compounds for 24 to 72 hrs and are then lysed and assayed for quinone reductase activity by measuring the formation of formazan dye from the menadione-dependent reduction of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Reaction velocities are linearly dependent on quinone reductase over a wide range of enzyme concentrations, and the specificity of MTT reduction can be ascertained with dicoumarol, a potent inhibitor of quinone reductase. This in vitro technique reliably detects compounds that effectively induce Phase II enzymes in vivo, and the screening assay has identified hitherto unrecognized and novel inducers from synthetic and natural sources. As inducers of Phase II enzymes are receiving serious consideration as potential human anticarcinogens, the assay described offers the opportunity to rapidly identify, isolate, and characterize inducers of medicinal interest.
The iowa 500: Familial and clinical findings favor two kinds of depressive illness

Abstract A clinical and blind family history evaluation was performed on 225 depressive patients. Early onset patients are more likely to have a family history of affective disorder. Early onset females are particularly likely to have a family history of alcoholism in the male parent. Suicides are more frequently seen in parents of early onset patients. Early onset depressive illness is associated with more frequent episodes of illness. This last is a new finding which could be a considerable help in finding homogeneous illnesses within the depressive syndrome. These data back up the concept of two types of depressive illness, depression spectrum disease and pure depressive disease.
Ethnic differences in left ventricular structure: relations to hemodynamics and diurnal blood pressure variation.

Abstract Background Previous studies have suggested that African Americans have a greater left ventricular relative wall thickness than whites with similar levels of blood pressure (BP), whereas other investigators have documented an attenuated nocturnal decline in BP and early remodeling of the resistance vessels in African Americans. Methods To further evaluate the contributions of diurnal BP variation and vascular remodeling to ethnic differences in left ventricular geometry, we measured ambulatory BP, systemic hemodynamics, minimum forearm vascular resistance, and left ventricular structure in a biracial sample of 171 men and women between the ages of 25 and 45 years. Results Despite similar resting BPs, African Americans had a greater indexed peripheral resistance, a greater minimal forearm vascular resistance, and a smaller nocturnal decline in BP than white subjects. African Americans also had a greater left ventricular relative wall thickness (0.41 ± 0.07 v 0.38 ± 0.08, P = .048) and a trend toward a greater indexed left ventricular mass (41.1 ± 8.7 v 38.6 ± 8.6 g/m 2.7 , P = .087). Ethnic differences in relative wall thickness were no longer significant when adjusted for either indexed peripheral resistance ( P = .173) or sleep systolic BP ( P = .124). Conclusions In our cohort of young men and women, African Americans had a greater left ventricular relative wall thickness than whites with similar levels of resting BP. This early concentric remodeling of the left ventricle in African Americans may be mediated, in part, by hemodynamic influences, including a greater peripheral vascular resistance and a smaller nocturnal decline in BP.
Zeolite and Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Dimethyl Sulfide and Methanethiol

Metal oxide and zeolite catalysts were examined for the production of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide by condensation of methanol and hydrogen sulfide. Catalyst acid sites were characterized by investigating the desorption of 1-propanamine. Catalysts as diverse as WO3/ZrO2, La2O3/Al2O3, γ-Al2O3, and H-MFI were active and selective in the production of dimethyl sulfide.
Design implications of a task-driven approach to unstructured cognitive tasks in office work

Previous research in modeling office activities has been primarily oriented toward office work that is structured and organized. In this paper we report on efforts to develop a new methodology for needs assessment evaluation. We use the Critical Task Method to identify the “bottleneck cognitive tasks” of principals with an unstructured work profile. Data were collected on the computer-support needs of faculty researchers, and the findings indicate that a “knowledge-based” design offers the most promise for delivering effective support. In addition, the systems design suggests the integration of text, data, voice, and images.
Receptor binding specificity of recent human H3N2 influenza viruses

Human influenza viruses are known to bind to sialic acid linked α2-6 to galactose, but the binding specificity beyond that linkage has not been systematically examined. H3N2 human influenza isolates lost binding to chicken red cells in the 1990s but viruses isolated since 2003 have re-acquired the ability to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes. We have investigated specificity of binding, changes in hemagglutinin sequence of the recent viruses and the role of sialic acid in productive infection. Viruses that agglutinate, or do not agglutinate, chicken red cells show identical binding to a Glycan Array of 264 oligosaccharides, binding exclusively to a subset of α2-6-sialylsaccharides. We identified an amino acid change in hemagglutinin that seemed to correlate with chicken red cell binding but when tested by mutagenesis there was no effect. Recombinant hemagglutinins expressed on Sf-9 cells bound chicken red cells but the released recombinant baculoviruses agglutinated only human red cells. Similarly, an isolate that does not agglutinate chicken red cells show hemadsorption of chicken red cells to infected MDCK cells. We suggest that binding of chicken red cells to cell surface hemagglutinin but not to virions is due to a more favorable hemagglutinin density on the cell surface. We investigated whether a virus specific for α2-6 sialyloligosaccharides shows differential entry into cells that have varying proportions of α2-6 and α2-3 sialic acids, including human A549 and HeLa cells with high levels of α2-6 sialic acid, and CHO cells that have only α2-3 sialic acid. We found that the virus enters all cell types tested and synthesizes viral nucleoprotein, localized in the nucleus, and hemagglutinin, transported to the cell surface, but infectious progeny viruses were released only from MDCK cells. Agglutination of chicken red cells does not correlate with altered binding to any oligosaccharide on the Glycan Array, and may result from increased avidity due to density of hemagglutinin and not increased affinity. Absence of α2-6 sialic acid does not protect a cell from influenza infection and the presence of high levels of α2-6-sialic acids on a cell surface does not guarantee productive replication of a virus with α2-6 receptor specificity.
A) Just Rhetoric

The collected essays in Postmodern Jurisprudence seek to apply postmodernist theories, and in particular deconstruction, to jurisprudence. The book's organising theme is an attack on what the authors describe as law's 'logonomocentrism,' a pun on the deconstructive term 'logocentrism.' 'Logocentrism' refers to the characteristic manoeuvre of philosophical projects that attempt to explain the world, justice or ethical norms in terms of 'concepts claimed to exist in themselves, complete, self-referring and proper' (p 10). These explanatory concepts are presented in opposition to others which, by comparison, are seen as inferior, deviate, peripheral, indirect, distorting or inessential. Thus distinction, the creation of an interior and exterior, or a centre and a periphery, is the characteristic logocentric device. Logocentric projects fail, deconstruction argues, because the concepts used for theoretical explanation always turn out to bear a curious relationship of mutual dependence as well as differentiation from the marginalised, deviate or excluded concepts. The authors' 'logonomocentrism' applies this analysis to law. The legal equivalent of logocentrism is 'the presentation of law as a unified and coherent body' of thought grounded in reason (p 27). However, 'an entity, work or field can claim unity only if it can be clearly delineated from the outside' and '[p]ower is legitimate [only] if it follows the law, nomos and, if nomos follows logos, reason' (pp 26-27). Hence, logonomocentrism is the attempt to view law as a coherent, self-sufficient, unified, ordered body of principles, subject to and justified by reason. The book's major argument is that this picture of law is misleading. It attacks the organic unity of law, law's self-sufficiency and independence from other disciplines, and law's grounding in reason. It claims that law 'cannot be seen any longer as a coherent, closed ensemble of rules or values' (p 27). The authors argue that the law nevertheless attempts to creato the illusion of rational order, self-sufficiency and coherence. It does so by the use of rhetorical and figural language that legal actors and legal theorists refuse to recognise as rhetorical and figural, because this would undermine law's claim to be grounded in reason. Law tries to 'keep out of its empire those other discourses that it has pronounced alien to its scientific or normative closure' (p xi). Law thus spurns mere rhetoric; yet the authors claim that when jurisprudential arguments are studied carefully, they are revealed to depend heavily on rhetorical and figural language. The final chapter of the book, which is nothing short of a tour de force, is as much a symbol of the book's positions as an articulation of them. The authors niingle literary, legal and philosophical themes through an elaborate commentary on Melville's Billy Budd. The commentary is offered in the form of a fictitious law review article whose authors are accused of plagiarism by a former student. This premise allows the authors of Postmodern Jurisprudence to juxtapose the 'article' with a pastiche of interviews, letters and other documents concerning copyright law,
High-performance imaging system for measurement of biophoton emission

All biological tissue emits radiation in the visible spectrum too weak to be seen with the naked eye. We present an imaging system and method enabling quantization and monitoring of biophoton emission utilizing a low-light-level imaging array coupled with time series image analysis. This system is adaptable for diagnostic purposes.
Racial differences in the incidence of congenitalhypothyroidism

The small patches of light hair above the temples bilaterally with a general upsweep of the frontal hair in our patients, as well as the shape of the nose and the upper lip, are almost exactly like the pictures presented by them. If their patients and ours represent the same syndrome complex, then their cases may represent a milder form. Another syndrome in which hypoplastic alae nasi are often seen in oculo-dento-osseous dysplasia? This syndrome includes also microcornea and syndactyly and camptodactyly of fourth and fifth fingers, not seen in our patients. Both siblings presented here had severe hypoproteinemia, intractable even after repeated infusions of albumin and serum, which gave rise to generalized edema. This picture coincides with the description of deficiencies of the exocrine pancreas, and especially of trypsinogen deficiency disease.' Pancreatic enzymes could not be measured in any of our siblings. Trypsinogen deficiency includes complete absence of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase activities, and was described together with imperforate anus in a child with a nasal deformity? Severe protein deficiency together with hypoproteinemia and edema are usually associated with normal or elevated total serum globulin values? Except for the low serum albumin concentrations in our patients, their electrophoretic patterns were normal, as were their sweat chloride concentrations. The scalp abnormali ty found in one of our patients has been described in association with more generalized mesodermal and ectodermal hypoplasia? However, there were no other anomalies of this type in either of our patients. Considered genetically, an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in this new syndrome seems probable~ This gene is probably extremely rare within the general population. Since there has been no case of nasal defect, heart malformation, or patulous anus among the relatives of our patients, a dominan t mode of inheritance with incora. plete penetration is unlikely.
Folate antagonism following teratogenic exposure to diphenylhydantoin

Previous studies have reported indirect evidence for the mediation of folate antagonism in the induction of malformations by diphenylhydantion. We have demonstrated that a teratogenic regimen of folate-deficiency and antagonism using 9-methyl PGA in the rat produces significantly decreased rates of oxygen consumption in the maldeveloping embryos. The present study reports similar reductions in oxygen uptake by mouse embryos from mothers treated with teratogenic doses of diphenylhydantoin, and documents a significant depression of the actual folate levels in such embryos. The differences are less significant with lower doses of diphenylhydantoin, and do not occur with a nonteratogenic dose.
Molecular Profiling of Melanoma and the Evolution of Patient-Specific Therapy

It recently has become clear that multiple molecular subtypes of melanoma likely exist that may be associated with clinical response to defined therapeutic modalities. Gene expression profiling has revealed a signature that is associated with clinical benefit to melanoma vaccines, with preliminary work suggesting a correlation with response to other immunotherapy agents as well. Activating mutations in B-Raf and c-kit are associated with clinical response to the specific kinase inhibitors PLX4032 and imatinib, respectively. Several other signal transduction pathways have been found to be constitutively active or mutated in other subsets of melanoma tumors that are potentially targetable with new agents. Together, these emerging data suggest the evolution of a new paradigm in melanoma therapy in which molecular analysis of the tumor will be used to assign the most appropriate therapeutic modality for each individual patient, to maximize therapeutic success.
A late holocene pollen diagram from pangnirtung pass, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada

Abstract A 1.2 m section of organic-rich sediment from near Windy Lake, Pangnirtung Pass, Baffin Island, Canada, is dated by twelve radiocarbon assays which indicate that the sediment accumulated at an average rate of 6.5 cm 100 yr −1 . The base of the studied exposure is about 2500 years old, whereas the sediment at a depth of 4 to 9 cm is dated about 650 years old. The sampling interval for pollen averages one sample every 39 years. The section is described in terms of the lithology of the inorganic matrix, in the plant growth form and moisture preference of the pollen taxa, and in the variations in the influx of exotic pollen ( Alnus, Picea , and Pinus ). Principal Components Analysis and clustering of pollen levels were used to zone five different groupings of the pollen taxa “objectively”. Both relative and “absolute” pollen values were used in these various steps. Pollen accumulation varied between 24 and 14,300 grains cm −2 yr −1 with a median value of 501. Thirteen biozones are recognized primarily from changes in the rates of pollen accumulation and diversity. The broad climatic interpretation of the pollen stratigraphy has similarities and differences from nearby glacial moraine chronologies. Sharp increases in exotic pollen (especially Alnus ) are provisionally associated with major advection of southerly air toward Cumberland Peninsula, southeastern Baffin Island.
Mental Health Treatment Experiences and Expectations in Foster Care: A Qualitative Investigation

This study explores perspectives on mental health treatment experiences and expectations for youth in foster care and their foster parents. In-depth interviews were conducted and identified for major themes: (1) the dual stigma of foster care and mental health care; (2) the lack of engagement in mental health therapy; (3) trust issues with the therapist and other individuals; and (4) the desire to integrate mental health services with primary care services. These results have implications for mental health service delivery and suggest opportunities to improve mental health treatment through an integrated care approach.
Transport modeling of core fueling and global particle confinement in ELM-free H-mode plasma in DIII-D☆

Abstract Evaluations of core fueling rates and global particle confinement times are presented for a single-null ELM-free H-mode discharge in the DIII-D tokamak. The edge plasma transport is modeled with the B2.5 code, and the neutral transport with both the DEGAS code and the internal neutrals model in the B2.5 code. Radial transport coefficients and corresponding plasma particle and heat fluxes into the scrape-off layer (SOL) are determined from power balance and by fitting the electron density and temperature profiles measured by Thomson scattering and the ion temperature profiles from charge-exchange/recombination spectroscopy. Divertor plasma parameters are deduced by fitting infrared television camera (IRTV) data, divertor Langmuir probe measurements, and Dα data. Core fueling rates are calculated with DEGAS and compared to those required by particle balance, with the core efflux determined by B2.5. Global particle confinement times, deduced at four time slices during the 1.8 s ELM-free period, are typically 3–4 times the corresponding measured energy confinement times.
A new aortic injury score predicts early rupture more accurately than clinical assessment

Objective The optimal timing for repair of a high-grade blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) is uncertain. Delayed repair is common and associated with improved outcomes, but some lesions may rupture during observation. To determine optimal patient selection for appropriate management, we developed a pilot clinical risk score to evaluate aortic stability and predict rupture. Methods Patients presenting in stable condition with Society for Vascular Surgery grade III or IV BTAI diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively reviewed. To determine clinical and radiographic factors associated with aortic rupture, patients progressing to aortic rupture (defined by contrast extravasation on CT or on operative or autopsy findings) were compared with those who had no intervention ≤48 hours of admission. A model targeting 100% sensitivity for rupture was generated and internally validated by bootstrap analysis. Clinical utility was tested by comparison with clinical assessment by surgeons experienced in BTAI management who were provided with CT images and clinical data but were blinded to outcome. Results The derivation cohort included 18 patients whose aorta ruptured and 31 with stable BTAI. There was no difference in age, gender, injury mechanism, nonchest injury severity, blood pressure, or Glasgow Coma Scale on admission between patient groups. As dichotomous factors, admission lactate >4 mM, posterior mediastinal hematoma >10 mm, and lesion/normal aortic diameter ratio >1.4 on the admission CT were independently associated with aortic rupture. The model had an area under the receiver operator curve of .97, and in the presence of any two factors, was 100% sensitive and 84% specific for predicting aortic rupture. No aortic lesions ruptured in patients with fewer than two factors. In contrast, clinical assessment had lower accuracy (65% vs 90% total accuracy, P Conclusions This novel risk score can be applied on admission using clinically relevant factors that incorporate patient physiology, size of the aortic lesion, and extent of the mediastinal hematoma. The model reliably identifies and distinguishes patients with high-grade BTAI who are at risk for early rupture from those with stable lesions. Although preliminary, because it is more accurate than clinical assessment alone, the score may improve patient selection for emergency or delayed intervention.
Fully aromatic liquid crystalline homopolyesters and copolyesters of 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐4,4′‐diol

A series of fully aromatic, thermotropic polyesters based on 1,1′-binaphthyl-4,4′-diol, BND, was prepared by the melt polycondensation method and characterized for their thermotropic behavior by a variety of experimental techniques. The homopolymer of BND with terephthalic acid formed a nematic melt at 353°C. In contrast, the polyester from BND and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid had a melting transition, Tm, above 400°C, so it was not possible with the equipment available to determine whether it formed a nematic melt. All of the copolymers of BND formed nematic melts at much lower Tm values than those of its respective homopolymers, as expected, because of the copolymerization effect of the added monomer. Moreover, all of the copolymers had higher glass transition temperatures, Tg, than those of other liquid crystalline polyesters and higher thermal stabilities. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Influences of Interfacial Resistances on Gas Transport through Carbon Nanotube Membranes

Carbon nanotubes have significant promise as gas separation membranes. Gas permeation through nanopores involves mass transfer resistances from molecules entering and leaving pores (so-called surface resistances) and diffusion within the pores. We use molecular simulations to give the first estimates of surface resistances for gas transport through nanotubes. For CH4 transport through (20,0) carbon nanotubes at 300 K, surface resistances are small for nanotubes 5-10 mum in length but can be significant for shorter nanotubes.
Design of a β-hairpin peptide-intercalator conjugate for simultaneous recognition of single stranded and double stranded regions of RNA

Designing receptors that bind RNA is a challenging endeavor because of the unique and sometimes complex structure of RNA. However these structural features provide regions for ligands to bind using different types of interactions. To increase specificity and binding affinity to RNA, divalent systems have been designed which incorporate more than one binding motif into one molecule. Using this approach, we have designed a two part heteroconjugate, WKWK-Int, which contains a β-hairpin peptide covalently linked to an RNA intercalator. This heteroconjugate was designed to bind duplex RNA through intercalation and simultaneously interact with a single stranded bulge region using the side chains of the β-hairpin peptide. We have used fluorescence anisotropy experiments to show that the heteroconjugate has an increased binding affinity over either one of the individual ligands. Additionally, RNase footprinting experiments show that the structure of the peptide is necessary for the protection of one particular base in the RNA bulge region. When tested against other RNA molecules containing a stem-bulge structure, the designed heteroconjugate was found to be specific for this RNA sequence. This work provides evidence that the covalent linkage of two weak RNA ligands can greatly increase the binding affinity and also provide specificity to the binding event.
Sedimentation Kinetics of Flocculated Suspensions II: Sedimentation below the Critical Height

Abstract Aside from the phenomenological equation by Egolf and McCabe and by Robinson, no attempts have appeared in literature in the past to quantitate terminal sedimentation characteristics of flocculated suspensions. The physical factors involved are suggested here, taking into account electrical effects and geometric factors contributing to friction. The equation of settling emerges as a linear combination of exponential decays— viz. , [ x - H u ] = A 1 e −w1τ + A 2 e −w2τ , where x is the height of the sediment at time τ, H u is the final height, and A and w are constants. From the data it would appear that the friction, B , exerted is both viscosity (η) and dimension ( R ) dependent and of the form B (η, R ) =Γ.e ζ e μR where μ ϵ, and Γ are system-dependent constants.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is a negative regulator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is a negative regulator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase
How to build a WebFountain: An architecture for very large-scale text analytics

WebFountain is a platform for very large-scale text analytics applications. The platform allows uniform access to a wide variety of sources, scalable system-managed deployment of a variety of document-level "augmenters" and corpus-level "miners," and finally creation of an extensible set of hosted Web services containing information that drives end-user applications. Analytical components can be authored remotely by partners using a collection of Web service APIs (application programming interfaces). The system is operational and supports live customers. This paper surveys the high-level decisions made in creating such a system.
Memories of schooling

Abstract Memories of schooling are salient to the development and practice of teachers and can be avenues to understanding and insight. Descriptive essays on the best and worst school memories of 410 undergraduate and graduate students have been examined and categorized thematically. Formulations about the value and meanings of those memories for research and practice in teaching are presented. Themes of the essays which have been defined and analyzed include academic challenges and successes, failures and humiliation, competition and fairness, assessment and transitions. Descriptions from the memories of exemplary and non-exemplary teaching practices and their applications to teacher education are also discussed.
Determining the Cost-Effectiveness of Hospital Nursing Interventions for Patients Undergoing a Total Hip Replacement.

Aim The purposes of the study were to (i) identify the types and amounts of nursing interventions and (ii) estimate the cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions for complications the patients experienced when undergoing a total hip replacement (THR). Background There has been little cost-effectiveness research into nursing interventions in hospitals, resulting in an inability to explain the economic value of hospital nursing interventions. Method The direct effects of nursing interventions on hospital direct costs and complication rates were analysed using path modelling, controlling for multiple factors (patient characteristics and nursing contexts) influencing nursing care. Then, cost-effectiveness ratios and the cost-effectiveness plane were used to identify cost-effective interventions. Results Intramuscular (IM)/Subcutaneous (SC) Administration was the most cost-effective nursing intervention, followed by Orthotics Management. Conclusions The study findings can be used to promote nurses' knowledge and attitudes about the economic value of nursing and cost-effective care delivery. A sensitivity analysis with actual cost per nursing intervention and for specific complications will be necessary. Implications for nursing management It is important for nurse administrators to support nurses' clear documentation in order to make nursing information available. Utilizing study methods and findings, nurse managers can compare the cost-effectiveness of new nursing interventions or manage dosages of nursing interventions to provide the most cost-effective nursing interventions.
Editorial comment--International variations in surgical practice for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

The international randomized surgical trial for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (STICH) is nearing completion. This article, concerning variations in surgical practice among the countries that participated in the trial, is one of the first of several to emerge from the study headed by Prof David Mendelow. The project has been under way for several years, funded by the Medical Research Council of Great Britain. It involves more than 70 countries including participants from Europe, India, the Far East, North America, and the United Kingdom. One …
Short- and long-term population response to changes in vital rates: implications for population viability analysis

Conservation practitioners use demographic population viability analysis (PVA) to understand long-term effects of changing demographic rates on population growth rate. Sensitivities and elasticities of stage-specific survival and fertility rates provide managers with guidelines on the relative contributions of various life-history stages to long-term population growth. However, short-term patterns, especially single-year effects, of elasticity may be dramatically different from long-term effects, calling for caution in implementing management policies focusing entirely on only long- or short-term elasticities. Here we illustrate the temporal and spatial variation in elasticity patterns for four populations of California sea lions. Short-term stochastic elasticities were significantly different from long-term elasticities, and spatial patterns of short- and long-term elasticities varied across sites. These differences may be explained by transient effects in age structure and deviations from the stable age distribution, as well as environmental variation. Our results suggest that conservation practitioners should consider calculations of both short-and long-term elasticity in viability analyses that are used to guide management and should use caution in generalizing elasticity patterns across populations.
Commemorating Chandler through the lens of his revisionists

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to commemorate Alfred Chandler, a truly outstanding business historian, through the unique lens of his revisionists.Design/methodology/approach – By developing a classifying framework, Chandler's revisionists is analyzed based on the extent to which they critique Chandler's interpretation of the role of managers in large organizations.Findings – The revisionist critiques of Chandler's works is traced and examine how they can contribute to the intent of commemorating Chandler and his works.Practical implications – The most relevant revisionists of Chandler's works are highlighted in a manner that might be valuable for the understanding of how Chandler's revisionists can be interpreted within both functional and critical paradigms.Originality/value – The unique contributions of this study is its focus on providing a specific form of commemoration through the lens of Chandler's revisionists and thus putting “Chandler in a larger frame” of management history.
A convenient procedure for preparing naltrexone‐15,16‐3H2 and naloxone‐15‐3H of high specific activity

Mercury(II) oxide oxidation of naltrexone (1a) and naloxone (1b) gave 15,16-didehydronaltrexone (4a) and 15,16 didehydronaloxone (4b). Subsequent reduction of 4a with tritium gas afforded naltrexone-15,16-3H2 having a-specific activity of 15.3 Ci/mmole. Subsequent equilibration of 4b with carrier free tritium oxide followed by sodium cyanoborohydride reduction yielded naloxone-15-3H having a specific activity of 4 Ci/mmole.
Exome sequencing for disease gene discovery in Jeune’s Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy

Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (ATD) is a clinically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized primarily by an abnormally narrow thorax with short ribs and short limbs. It has an estimated incidence of ~1 out of every 130,000 live births. Most patients die in early infancy or early childhood from respiratory insufficiency due to a small thorax. To date, four genes and one additional loci have been found to cause ATD in an autosomal recessive fashion. All four known genes are essential for normal primary cilia function. We employed the use of exome sequencing of seven unrelated patients affected with ATD to identify candidate mutations responsible for or contributing to the disorder. To maximize the success of gene discovery, we used Agilent’s SureSelect Exome Pull Down capturing 50 Mb of the protein-coding exome. Each sample library was sequenced using a single lane of Illumina HiSeq. We generated 252Gb of paired-end sequence data with a mean coverage of 115X per sample. The sequencing data was aligned using Novoalign and variants were called using the Genome Analysis Toolkit. Variants were filtered against dbSNP135, 69 complete Genomics samples, 95 NIEHS EGP exome samples, 5400 exomes from the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, and 40 in-house exome samples. Only mutations that were present in the above controls in the homozygous state were removed from the candidate list. After filtering, potential disease-causing mutations representing two known genes and four novel genes were found in all seven individuals.
An acquired arteriovenous fistula secondary to temporomandibular joint arthroscopy: report of a case.

Abstract Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy was first described by Ohnishi1 in 1975 and since then several authors have described variations of this technique.2–11 Recent clinical applications and modifications of the procedure have produced relatively few documented complications. These complications include anesthetic, neurologic, otologic, hemorrhagic, infections, intra-articular damage to the TMJ, and facial scarring.12–16 The following is a case report describing an acquired arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the superficial temporal vessels secondary to left TMJ arthroscopy.
Seafood auctions, market equity and the buying and selling of fish: lessons on co-management from New England and the Spanish Mediterranean

Abstract Similarities and differences among seafood buying and selling practices in New England and Mediterranean Spain and the conditions that influence market equity in seafood auctions are examined. Four New England seafood auctions, seven Mediterranean auctions and the role of the central market, Mercabarna, are studied. New England and Spanish Mediterranean fishing communities each reflect emerging systems of checks and balances where local and traditional marketing strategies have been impacted by political and technological change. Results indicate that auction conditions, such as the display of seafood and the visibility of the bidding process, can orchestrate market power distribution as well as impact independent buyer information. Technological change, especially through the use of computers and communication services, also influences market equity. Implications for co-management and government involvement in seafood auctions and markets are also discussed.
Romantic relationship status changes and substance use among 18- to 20-year-olds.

Objective:Changes in romantic relationship status are common in emerging adulthood and may be linked to changes in substance use. This study tested the hypothesis that entry into relationships or transitioning to a more committed status leads to decreases in substance use and that dissolution of relationships or transitioning to a less committed status results in increases in substance use.Method:Data were from a community sample of 939 individuals. Substance use (heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking) and relationship status (single, in a romantic relationship but not cohabiting, cohabiting, or married) were assessed at the beginning and end of three 6-month intervals between the ages of 18 and 20 years. Models were estimated to assess the association between transitions in relationship status and substance use, adjusting for prior levels of use.Results:There were increases in heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking associated with dissolution of a romantic relationship, as we...
Evidence for root Fe nutrition in Hydrilla verticillata Royle

The uptake of Fe by roots and apical leaves of the submersed aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata Royle was studied using 59FeEDTA. 59FeEDTA was absorbed by both roots and apical leaves, and translocated to the other parts of the plant. Approximately 3% of the total 59FeEDTA absorbed by the roots over a period of 60 h was translocated to the leaves. Downward translocation of 59FeEDTA from the apical portion of the plant to the lower leaves was approximately 21% of the amount absorbed.
An Experiment on Electromagnetic Induction and Relative Motion

Electromagnetic Induction; Charging Effect of the Rotation of an Iron Sphere in a Uniform Magnetic Field.---The electromagnetic theory of this effect among others was developed by the author in a former paper. The answer which the theory gives is perfectly definite, but the nature of the problem is such that one who is accustomed to think in terms of moving lines of force may be uncertain as to the proper basis of attack and may even, quite plausibly, arrive at a result one third as great as it should be. Therefore an experimental verification of the theoretical formula seemed worth while carrying out. It was found that when an iron sphere with a radius of 3.17 cm. was rotated at rates ranging from 3,250 to 6,430 r.p.m., in a magnetic field ranging from 3,930 to 6,070 gauss, the changes of potential of an insulated copper shell surrounding the iron sphere, which were observed when the magnetic field was reversed ranged from 0.0114 to 0.0359 volt, while the corresponding calculated values ranged from 0.0116 to 0.0353 volt. In view of the experimental difficulties the fact that the average difference between observed and calculated changes of potentials for the seventeen sets of readings is only 1.7 per cent. is considered a satisfactory verification of the theory.
An exact outage analysis of zero-forcing V-BLAST with greedy ordering

In this paper, an outage probability analysis is carried out on zero-forcing (ZF) vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) algorithm based on a greedy selection of decoding order, which is optimal in diversity-multiplexing tradeoff sense. We provide a mathematical framework to make the analysis tractable and derive the probability density function expressions of the squared substream gains. Especially, we obtain a compact expression on the joint pdf of squared substream gains for any number of transmit and receive antennas. Moreover, using the analytical results, we illustrate the optimum cutoff value under optimal power allocation that minimizes the total consumed power for a given target total rate. Finally, we provide numerical results and verify our analysis by means of simulations.
Micromagnetic study of spin transfer switching with a spin polarization tilted out of the free layer plane

We present the results of zero temperature macrospin and micromagnetic simulations of spin transfer switching of thin film nanomagnets in the shape of an ellipse with a spin-polarization tilted out of the layer plane. The perpendicular component of the spin-polarization is shown to increase the reversal speed, leading to a lower current for switching in a given time. However, for tilt angles larger than a critical angle, the layer magnetization starts to precess about an out-of-plane axis, which leads to a final magnetization state that is very sensitive to simulation conditions. As the ellipse lateral size increases, this out-of-plane precession is suppressed, due to the excitation of spatially non-uniform magnetization modes.
Effect of static analysis tools on software security: preliminary investigation

Static analysis tools can handle large-scale software and find thousands of defects. But do they improve software security? We evaluate the effect of static analysis tool use on software security in open source projects. We measure security by vulnerability reports in the National Vulnerability Database.
Inhibition of Prolyl Oligopeptidase by Fmoc-Aminoacylpyrrolidine-2-Nitriles

: Prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26), a widely distributed cytosolic enzyme, cleaves peptidylprolyl peptide and peptidylprolyl amino acid bonds in many neuropeptide substrates. Its action on vasopressin has been proposed as the underlying mechanism accounting for the ability of inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidase to reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Future behavioral studies would be facilitated by the availability of potent inhibitors readily synthesized from common intermediates. A series of Fmoc-aminoacylpyrrolidine-2-nitriles prepared by a simple two-step synthesis were found to be potent noncompetitive inhibitors of the rabbit brain enzyme. The most potent inhibitors, Fmoc-prolyl-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile and Fmoc-alanyl-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile, each have a Ki of 5 nM. The compounds are cell permeable and stable. They do not inhibit the related enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5). When administered intraperitoneally to mice, Fmoc-alanyl-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile crosses the blood-brain barrier to inhibit brain prolyl oligopeptidase. The ease of synthesis, potency, efficacy in vivo, stability, and specificity of Fmoc-aminoacylpyrrolidine-2-nitriles may make them inhibitors of choice in studies probing the physiological significance of prolyl oligopeptidase.
Edgeworth expansions for M- estimators of a regression parameter

This paper gives rth order Edgeworth expansions (r ≥ 3) for M-estimators of a regression parameter in a simple linear regression model. The regularity conditions used here essentially require the smoothness of some integrals of the score function with respect to the underlying error distribution. As a result, these expansions are valid for robust M-estimators corresponding to nonsmooth score functions.
Observation of unstained biological macromolecules with the STEM.

Abstract We discuss the observation of an unstained single biological macromolecule of human serum low density lipoprotein in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Using a carbon substrate with 16 A average thickness and an electron dose of 19 electrons/A2 the image obtained from the unstained molecule shows a similar surface substructure as that seen in a negatively stained conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM) micrograph.
Developing Senior Technical Leaders at the National Security Agency

This article is based on the Presidential Address at the 2009 Society of Psychologists in Management Conference. It introduces the concept of technical leadership and describes the National Security Agency (NSA) leadership model, emphasizing the role of technical leaders at NSA. NSA's technical leaders function as embedded consultants and the interplay between technical consultation and managerial leadership is critical to effective leadership at NSA. Most of the article will focus on the NSA Senior Technical Development Program (STDP). The STDP is a program focused on developing experts into those who will technically lead at NSA. To provide the context for the program, this article includes a brief introduction to NSA's missions and identifies some of the technical challenges faced by NSA. These challenges drive NSA's managerial and technical leadership development approaches and initiatives.
Water sorption and transport in blends of polyethyloxazoline and polyethersulfone

Water sorption and transport properties for a series of homogeneous blends of hydrophobic polyethersulfone and hydrophilic polyethyloxazoline are reported. Only blends that remained homogeneous after exposure to liquid water were studied in detail. Equilibrium solubility of water in the blend films increases with increasing hydrophilic polymer content. For all materials, equilibrium sorption isotherms show dual-mode behavior at low water vapor activities and swelling behavior at high activities. The sorption/desorption kinetics for PES are generally Fickian, but two-stage behavior is evident in blends containing 10 and 20% polyethyloxazoline. Diffusion coefficients decrease with increasing polyethyloxazoline content, owing to a decrease in the fractional free volume. For all materials, the diffusion coefficient shows a positive dependence on water vapor activity or concentration due to plasticization of the material by high levels of sorbed water, but it becomes a greater function of activity as the composition of hydrophilic polymer in the blend is increased. Since the decrease in the diffusion coefficient is greater than the increase in the solubility coefficient, the permeability coefficient decreases with increasing hydrophilic polymer content. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 993–1007, 1997
Prolonged Exposure Therapy for a Vietnam Veteran with PTSD and Early-Stage Dementia.

Abstract Although prolonged exposure therapy (PE) is considered an evidence-based treatment for PTSD, there has been little published about the use of this treatment for older adults with comorbid early-stage dementia. As the number of older adults in the United States continues to grow, so will their unique mental health needs. The present article describes the successful coordination of care and application of PE in the assessment and treatment of a Vietnam veteran with comorbid PTSD and early-stage dementia. Measures related to the patient's cognitive and psychological functioning were obtained before, during, and after treatment. PE was associated with significant declines in PTSD and depression symptoms. Moreover, the patient's cognitive functioning was made clearer in the absence of severe psychiatric symptoms. Factors contributing to the patient's positive response are discussed.