cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated Optically Guided System for Chemical Analysis of Single Plant and Algae Cells Using Laser Microdissection/Liquid Vortex Capture/Mass Spectrometry.

Current mass spectrometric methods are not capable of providing untargeted comprehensive and sensitive chemical analysis of a wide range of cellular constitutes of single cells from dispersed cell suspensions and thin tissues in a rapid manner. This capability is important for a number of critical applications, including discovery of cellular mechanisms for coping with chemical or environmental stress and cellular response to drug treatment, to name a few. Here we introduce an optically-guided platform and methodology for rapid, automated recognition, sampling, and chemical analysis of surface confined individual cells utilizing a novel hybrid laser capture microdissection/liquid vortex capture/mass spectrometry system. The system enabled automated chemical analysis of lipids and small metabolites from single cells by reliably detecting and sampling them either through laser ablation from a glass microscope slide or by cutting the entire cell out of a poly(ethylene naphthalate)-coated membrane substrate that the cellular sample is deposited on. Proof of principle experiments were performed using thin tissues of Allium cepa and cultured Euglena gracilis and Phacus cell suspensions as model systems for single cell analysis using the developed method. Reliable, hands-off laser ablation sampling coupled to liquid vortex capture/mass spectrometry analysis was conducted for hundreds of individual Allium cepa cells in connected tissue. In addition, more than three hundred individual Euglena gracilis and Phacus cells were analyzed automatically and sampled using laser microdissection sampling with the same liquid vortex capture/mass spectrometry analysis system. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis, applied to each mass spectral dataset, was used to determine the accuracy of differentiation of the different algal cell lines.
Steroid Hormone and Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways

The steroid nuclear receptor family plays an important role in cancer. The receptors upon activation exert both genomic as well as non-genomic actions resulting in growth and survival signals. Multiple co-regulators (co-activators and co-repressors) modulate the action of these receptors making understanding the downstream effects difficult. Studies within the last decade have identified additional molecules, termed “pioneer factors,” which also play a critical role in determining the genomic actions. Several means are deployed to target these receptors in multiple cancers, particularly in breast and prostate cancer. However, resistance is common and exact mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that mutations of these receptors may contribute to the resistance phenotype.
Brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer in the modern era: a comparison of patient-reported quality of life outcomes among different techniques.

Purpose To report our institutional quality of life (QOL) data for low-dose-rate (LDR) monotherapy (LDR mono), high-dose-rate (HDR) monotherapy (HDR mono), and EBRT with an HDR brachytherapy boost (HDR boost). Material and methods The charts of 165 patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with LDR monotherapy (LDR mono), HDR monotherapy (HDR mono), and EBRT with an HDR brachytherapy boost (HDR boost) at a single institution between 2012 and 2015 were reviewed. All patients completed the American Urological Association symptom score (AUASS) and Expanded Prostate Index for Prostate Cancer - Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) quality of life assessments prior to treatment and at least one follow-up survey. Time points included baseline, ≤ 2 months, 2-≤ 6 months, 6-≤ 12 months, 12-≤ 18 months, 18-≤ 24 months, 24-≤ 30 months, and > 30 months. Linear mixed models were performed to test for significant changes and differences in each outcome over time. Results Mean follow-up was 19.5 months. All major functional QOL domains were affected after treatment with brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. All domains improved over time, with the exception of sexual function scores for all groups and urinary incontinence scores for the HDR mono group. Patients treated with LDR did have higher AUA, irritability/obstructive symptoms, incontinence, bowel, and QOL scores acutely compared to the HDR and HDR + boost groups. Vitality scores were significantly worse in the HDR boost group both acutely and at the > 30-month time point. Conclusions Patients receiving HDR brachytherapy had lower acute urinary and rectal toxicity compared to the patients receiving LDR, even when combined with EBRT. However, long-term toxicity was similar.
On large start-up error of BDF2

Abstract The second-order backward-difference (BDF2) method requires solutions at two previous time steps and is often started with the first-order backward-difference (BDF1) method. The initial time step is typically taken to be small in order to minimize the effect of the first-order error. However, contrary to expectations, the solution computed in this way generates a very large error for stiff problems and the error grows as the initial time step is further reduced. As shown in this note, the problem is originated from the fact that the variable-coefficient BDF2 method combined with any first- or higher-order one-step method is asymptotically equivalent to the trapezoidal method and therefore not L-stable. Based on the study presented, it is strongly recommended that BDF2 method be started with a self-starting second-order implicit Runge-Kutta method, which guarantees second-order accuracy and L-stability at no additional cost.
THE THEORY OF WIENER AND SIEGEL

This chapter discusses Wiener–Siegel hidden-variables theory, which is based upon some mathematical ideas developed by Wiener, and on the invariance of a Gaussian isotropic probability distribution in complex space under unitary transformations. The isotropic Gaussian distribution is the only distribution that is factorizable into separate factors for each coordinate, simultaneously in all N -dimensional complex spaces that are obtainable from each other by unitary transformations. The Wiener–Siegel theory features a whole array of variables, dependent upon each other, of which each may be regarded as the hidden variables. Wiener and Siegel apply the semiunitary transformation to the quantum mechanical state vector ψ(x) . Wiener and Siegel realized that their method of determining the result of the measurement would cause trouble already in cases where some S is two-dimensional.
TETHERED IP3. SYNTHESIS AND BIOCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE 1-O-(3-AMINOPROPYL) ESTER OF INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE

A phosphodiester analogue of the second messenger Ins (1,4,5)P 3 has been synthesized and used to prepare a novel photoaffinity label and a selective bioaffinity matrix. A selectively protected inositol precursor was first converted by phosphite ester chemistry to an N-protected 1-O-(3-aminopropyl-1-phospho)-DL-myo-inositol and then phosphorylated to give a fully benzylated IP 3 derivative. Hydrogenolysis gives the title compound, which was converted to a photolabile analogue and was immobilized on a polymeric resin
Designing an Academic-Community Telepsychiatry Partnership to Provide Inpatient and Outpatient Services in a Critical Access Hospital

To expand access to mental health treatment in an underserved area, the University of Washington (UW) and Dayton General Hospital (DGH) entered into a partnership to provide comprehensive telepsych...
Extremity Cooling: A Synthesis of Cryotherapy Interventions to Reduce Peripheral Neuropathy and Nail Changes From Taxane-Based Chemotherapy.

Background Taxane-based chemotherapies are frequently used to treat solid tumor cancers. Two significant side effects include nail changes and/or peripheral neuropathy. These side effects can cause pain, infections, dose reductions, and treatment delays, all of which negatively affect quality of life. Objectives This article synthesizes the literature on efficacy and tolerability of extremity cryotherapy during taxane administration to identify if it is an intervention that can be provided to patients to mitigate these symptoms. Methods A literature review was performed using PubMed®, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid, Web of Science, and CINAHL®. 46 articles were initially identified, and 10 articles were reviewed (5 related to nail changes and 5 related to neuropathy). Findings Larger, powered studies are needed on these topics; however, existing data suggest this intervention as a promising low-risk option for mitigating the severity of nail changes and peripheral neuropathy related to taxane chemotherapy.
Modulation of Arabidopsis Flavonol Biosynthesis Genes by Cyst and Root-Knot Nematodes

Although it is well established that flavonoid synthesis is induced in diverse plant species during nematode parasitism, little is known about the regulation of genes controlling flavonol biosynthesis during the plant–nematode interaction. In this study, expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana flavonol-specific transcription factor, AtMYB12, the flavonol synthase genes, AtFLS1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the gene encoding the central flavonoid enzyme, chalcone synthase (AtCHS), were examined in plant roots during infection by Heterodera schachtii (sugar beet cyst) and Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot) nematodes. These experiments showed that AtMYB12 was transiently upregulated at 9 dpi in syncytia associated with sugar beet cyst nematode infection and that an Atmyb12-deficient line was less susceptible to the parasite. This suggests that, rather than contributing to plant defense, this gene is essential for productive infection. However, the AtCHS and AtFLS1 genes, which are controlled by AtMYB12, did not exhibit a similar transient increase, but rather were expressly downregulated in syncytia relative to adjacent uninfected root tissue. Genetic analyses further indicated that AtFLS1 contributes to plant defense against Cyst nematode infection, while other AtFLS gene family members do not, consistent with prior reports that these other genes encode little or no enzyme activity. Together, these findings indicate a role of AtMyb12 in promoting the early stages of Cyst nematode infection, while flavonols produced through the action of AtFLS1 are essential for plant defense. On the other hand, a transient induction of AtMYB12 was not observed in galls produced during root-knot nematode infection, but this gene was instead substantially downregulated, starting at the 9 dpi sampling point, as were AtCHS and AtFLS1. In addition, both the AtMYB12- and AtFLS1-deficient lines were more susceptible to infection by this parasite. There was again little evidence for contributions from the other AtFLS gene family members, although an AtFLS5-deficient line appeared to be somewhat more susceptible to infection. Taken together, this study shows that sugar-beet cyst and root-knot nematodes modulate differently the genes involved in flavonol biosynthesis in order to successfully infect host roots and that AtFLS1 may be involved in the plant basal defense response against nematode infection.
On the Influence of Group III/IV Muscle Afferent Feedback on Endurance Exercise Performance

This review discusses evidence suggesting that group III/IV muscle afferents affect locomotor performance by influencing neuromuscular fatigue. These neurons regulate the hemodynamic and ventilatory response to exercise and, thus, assure appropriate locomotor muscle O2 delivery, which optimizes peripheral fatigue development and facilitates endurance performance. In terms of central fatigue, group III/IV muscle afferents inhibit motoneuronal output and thereby limit exercise performance.
Implied ICA: Factor Extraction and Multiasset Derivative Pricing

This article presents a different approach to modeling the return dynamics for a portfolio. The component stocks are all assumed to be exposed to shocks from a small number of independent factors, each of which follows a Heston-type square root diffusion process. To illustrate the model, the authors construct a portfolio of the three biotech stocks that have the largest weightings among the twelve stocks in the BBH ETF portfolio, assuming there are only two independent factors. The estimated variance equations show that the more important factor, Factor 1, has high volatility and is rapidly mean reverting, while Factor 2 reverts more slowly and steadily toward a low value. Theoretical values for options on the three-stock portfolio obtained by simulation should be approximately the same as traded option contracts on the BBH index. The fitted volatility smiles under the model are similar to those observed for BBH, but with some notable discrepancies.
Enhancing The Performance of Credit Unions: The Evolution of a Methodology

In the United States credit unions are not-for-profit cooperative financial institutions, owned by and operated for the benefit of their members. Being part of a cooperative movement enhances the likelihood that credit unions will share performance-enhancing ideas, for the benefit of weak credit unions and the movement as a whole. In this paper we show how a conventional performance evaluation methodology has evolved into a novel performance enhancement methodology. The evolution of the methodology is the result of cooperations among individual credit union managements, movement officials and the authors. The evolution is illustrated with 1990 data on nearly 9,000 credit unions.
Identifiability of income distributions in the context of damage and generating models

In the context of additive or multiplicative damage models, and under mild conditions, it is shown that the functional forms of suitably chosen regressions on a random variable X or/and its recorded part Y are characteristic of the distribution of X. The paper treats the cases where the recorded value is either an understatement or an overstatement of the true observation.
R.U.R. versus Q.U.R.

R.U.R. created the term “robot” and the robot uprising meme, but Q.U.R. may be more relevant to robotics.
Tukey order and diversity of free Abelian topological groups

Abstract For a Tychonoff space X the free Abelian topological group over X, denoted A ( X ) , is the free Abelian group on the set X with the coarsest topology so that for any continuous map of X into an Abelian topological group its canonical extension to a homomorphism on A ( X ) is continuous. We show there is a family A of maximal size, 2 c , consisting of separable metrizable spaces , such that if M and N are distinct members of A then A ( M ) and A ( N ) are not topologically isomorphic (moreover, A ( M ) neither embeds topologically in A ( N ) nor is an open image of A ( N ) ). We show there is a chain C = { M α : α c + } , of maximal size, of separable metrizable spaces such that if β α then A ( M β ) embeds as a closed subgroup of A ( M α ) but no subspace of A ( M β ) is homeomorphic to A ( M α ) . We show that the character (minimal size of a local base at 0) of A ( M ) is d (minimal size of a cofinal set in N N ) for every non-discrete, analytic M, but consistently there is a co-analytic M such that the character of A ( M ) is strictly above d . The main tool used for these results is the Tukey order on the neighborhood filter at 0 in an A ( X ) , and a connection with the family of compact subsets of an auxiliary space.
Biomimetic Nanoparticles as a Theranostic Tool for Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers both central and peripheral inflammatory responses. Existing pharmacological drugs are unable to effectively and quickly target the brain inflamed regions, setting up a major roadblock towards effective brain trauma treatments. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in multiple diseases as drug delivery tools with remarkable success due to their rapid diffusion and specificity in the target organ. Here, leukocyte-based biomimetic NPs are fabricated as a theranostic tool to directly access inflamed regions in a TBI mouse model. This NP systemic delivery is visualized using advanced in vivo imaging techniques, including intravital microscopy and in vivo imaging system. The results demonstrate selective targeting of NPs to the injured brain and increased NPs accumulation among the peripheral organs 24 h after TBI. Interestingly, increased microglial proliferation, decreased macrophage infiltration, and reduced brain lesion following the NPs treatments compared to sham vehicle-treated mice are also found. In summary, the results suggest that NPs represent a promising future theranostic tool for TBI treatment.
The Use of Simulation to Enhance LGBTQ+ Care Competencies of Nursing Students

Abstract Current literature demonstrates that a lack of education in nursing programs regarding culturally-competent care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual identities outside of the heterosexual norm (LGBTQ+), results in health disparities. A simulation experience using a narrative script and a high-fidelity manikin was incorporated into an undergraduate nursing course (N = 91). A simulation scenario designed to facilitate the delivery of healthcare to a transgender identifying patient was piloted within the undergraduate curriculum. A pre-simulation and post-simulation survey served as the evaluation for this pilot program. Paired sample t-tests compared participants’ (n = 77) attitudes, beliefs, comfort, and competency regarding providing care for LGBTQ+ individuals. There was a significant difference in pre- and post-simulation scores. Results demonstrate that simulation can be an effective educational intervention for promoting knowledge related to culturally-sensitive LGBTQ+ healthcare.
Multifocal osteomyelitis caused byPaecilomyces varioti in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease

This report describes an 18-year-old male patient with chronic granulomatous disease who developed cutaneous nodules and multifocal osteomyelitis with the saprophytic fungusPaecilomyces varioti. After several biopsies the organism was identified. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed. Combination therapy with amphotericin B and γ-interferon followed by long-term therapy with itraconazole and γ-interferon resulted in a clinical response.
On Eliminating Unit Productions from LR(k) Parsers

LR(k) parsers have attracted a lot of attention recently [1–11, 14–25] as providing the most efficient method of parsing a wide subset of the context-free languages and most computer languages including ALGOL and FORTRAN. In this paper we show how one can improve upon an algorithm by Aho and Ullman [4] for eliminating unit productions from an LR(k) parser so that the elimination concerned can be made in all cases, instead of only in the special case required by [4] where no two unit productions have the same left-hand side. In most practical grammars this special case does not in fact arise. Since the elimination of unit productions both reduces the size of the parser and increases its speed, it is of value to have a general method for achieving this objective. The algorithm provided eliminates from the parser all nonterminals which occur as left-hand sides of unit productions. This substantially contributes to the reduction in size obtained, and also provides a solution to an open problem by Aho and Ullman [4]. The sizes of the parsers obtained using the parser’s algorithm are compared with those of Anderson, Eve, and Horning [1].
Improved solid-phase synthesis of α,α-dialkylated amino acid-rich peptides with antimicrobial activity*

A homologous series of nonapeptides and their acetylated versions were successfully prepared using solid-phase synthetic techniques. Each nonapeptide was rich in a,a-dialkylated amino acids (one 4-aminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (Api) and six a-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues) and also included lysines or lysine analogs (two residues). The incorporation of the protected dipeptide 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-Aib-Aib-OH improved the purity and overall yields of these de novo designed peptides. The helix preference of each nonapeptide was investigated in six different solvent environments, and each peptide's antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity were studied. The 310-helical, amphipathic design of these peptides was born out most prominently in the N-terminally acetylated peptides. Most of the peptides exhibited modest activity against Escherichia coli and no activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The nonacetylated peptides (concentrations £ 100 lM) and the acetylated peptides (concentrations £ 200 lM) did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity with normal (nonactivated) murine macrophages. Abbreviations: Amino acids and peptides are abbreviated and designated following the rules of the IUPAC-IUB Commission of Biochemical Nomenclature ((1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 14-42) Amino acid symbol denote the L-configuration unless otherwise noted. The following additional abbreviations are used. aaAA, a,a-disubstituted amino acid; Aib, a-aminoisobutyric acid; Ac, acetyl; Api, 4-aminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid; ATCC, American Type Culture Collection; CCA, cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid; Dab, 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid; Dap, 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid; DBU, 1,8-diazobicyclo(4.5.0)undec-7-ene; DIEA, N,N- diisopropylethylamine; DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide; E. coli, Dates:
Synthetic Microbial Consortia and their Applications

While synthetic biology has created a multitude of novel behaviors in single populations of cells, it is increasingly recognized that the engineering of microbial consortia, which consist of two or more populations, is required to generate more complex dynamics and to increase the robustness of programmed behavior. We review recent efforts towards the construction and analysis of microbial consortia. We discuss key considerations when designing a consortium and how such consortia may be engineered to implement cooperation or competition between populations. We discuss how the spatial arrangement of a consortium, whether in naturally forming biofilms or in rationally designed nonbiofilm spatial orientations, can allow novel behaviors to emerge. Furthermore, we touch upon studies that have observed the rapid evolution of interactions within synthetic consortia. Finally, we conclude by discussing potential applications of consortia in medicine and biotechnology.
THE JERUSALEM DECREE, PAUL, AND THE GENTILE ANALOGY TO HOMOSEXUAL PERSONS

Revisionists and traditionalists appeal to Acts 15, welcoming the Gentiles, for analogies directing the church's response to homosexual persons. John Perry has analyzed the major positions. He faults revisionists for inadequate attention to the Jerusalem Decree and faults one traditionalist for using the Decree literally rather than through analogy. I argue that analogical use of the Decree must supplement rather than displace the plain sense. The Decree has been neglected due to assumptions that Paul opposed it, that it expired, or because Gentiles wanted non-kosher meat. I argue that Paul continued to observe the Torah and supported the Decree, that it has not expired, and that Gentile desire for non-kosher meat is not a firm obstacle. Affirming the plain sense of the Decree, I develop the analogy from Acts 15 to homosexual persons.
Quantum phase-space picture of Bose-Einstein condensates in a double well

We present a quantum phase-space model of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a double-well potential. In a quantum two-mode approximation we examine the eigenvectors and eigenvalues and find that the energy correlation diagram indicates a transition from a delocalized to a fragmented regime. Phase-space information is extracted from the stationary quantum states using the Husimi distribution function. We show that the mean-field phase-space characteristics of a nonrigid physical pendulum arises from the exact quantum states, and that only 4--8 particles per well are needed to reach the semiclassical limit. For a driven double-well BEC, we show that the classical chaotic dynamics is manifest in the dynamics of the quantum states. Phase-space analogy also suggests that a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase-displaced wave packet put on the unstable fixed point on a separatrix bifurcates to create a superposition of two pendulum rotor states---a macroscopic superposition state of BEC. We show that the choice of initial barrier height and ramping, following a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase imprinting on the condensate, can be used to generate controlled entangled number states with tunable extremity and sharpness.
Nonspherical and spherical characterization of ice in Hurricane Erin for wideband passive microwave comparisons

In order to better understand the characteristics of frozen cloud particles in hurricane systems, computed brightness temperatures were compared with radiometric observations of Hurricane Erin (2001) from the NASA ER-2 aircraft. The focus was oil the frozen particle microphysics and the high frequencies (2 85 GHz) that are particularly sensitive to frozen particles. Frozen particles in hurricanes are an indicator of increasing hurricane intensity. In fact "hot towers" associated with increasing hurricane intensity are composed of frozen ice cloud particles. (They are called hot towers because their column of air is warmer than the surrounding air temperature, but above about 5-7 km to the tops of the towers at 15-19 km, the cloud particles are frozen.) This work showed that indeed, one can model information about cloud ice particle characteristics and indicated that nonspherical ice shapes, instead of spherical particles, provided the best match to the observations. Overall, this work shows that while non-spherical particles show promise, selecting and modeling a proper ice particle parameterization can be difficult and additional in situ measurements are needed to define and validate appropriate parameterizations. This work is important for developing Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission satellite algorithms for the retrieval of ice characteristics both above the melting layer, as in Hurricane Erin, and for ice particles that reach the surface as falling snow.
Effectiveness and safety of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with previous laminectomy

To determine the efficacy and safety of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for revision lumbar spine surgery in patients with previous laminectomy. The secondary objective was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome after such a procedure. Retrospective case series study. Eighty-two patients were included. There were 48 women (58.5 %) and 34 men (41.5 %) with a mean age of 51 years (range 26–84) at the time of index procedure. The outpatient and inpatient charts were reviewed to identify patients’ demographic data, preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data. The outcome measures were assessed by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. An independent spine surgeon and musculoskeletal radiologist reviewed the imaging studies. The average operative time was 160 min (range 131–250). The average estimated blood loss was 652 cc (100–1,400 cc). Nineteen patients (23.1 %) required blood transfusion. Five patients (6 %) had dural tear. One patient (1.2 %) had a surgical site infection. Two patients (2.4 %) had thromboembolic events. The average hospital stay was 3.8 days (2–5 days). At a mean follow-up of 28 months, there were statically significant improvement in the ODI and VAS for back and leg pain. None of the patients’ radiographs showed hardware failure or pedicle screw loosening and no patient returned to the operating room for pseudarthrosis. The current study confirmed that TLIF approach in patients with previous laminectomy is effective and safe with good outcomes.
A structured approach for VLSI circuit design

The authors review the research done on a structured, symbol-based IC design method called path programmable logic (PPL). They explain the logic partitioning strategy on which PPL is based. Compared to full-custom design methods, the PPL methods permits an order of magnitude reduction in design time. In most cases, the density of the circuits designed using the PPL method approaches or surpasses that of the practical full-custom designs. Compared to semicustom design techniques such as standard cells and gate arrays, PPL reduces the design time by a factor of three while improving the densities by a factor of two to three. >
Fast message assembly using compact address relations

Message assembly and disassembly represent a significant fraction of total communication time in many parallel systems. We introduce a run-time approach for fast message assembly and disassembly. The approach is based on generating addresses by decoding a precomputed and compactly stored address relation that describes the mapping of addresses on the source node to addresses on the destination node. The main result is that relations induced by redistributions of regular block-cyclic distributed arrays can be encoded in an extremely compact form that facilitates high throughput message assembly and disassembly. We measure the throughput of decoding-based message assembly and disassembly on several systems and find performance on par with copy throughput.
Workplace Behaviors: Good Soldiers, Smooth Operators, and Saboteurs

Few concepts in the social sciences have been more widely used than job satisfaction. Yet the concept of job satisfaction has yielded few profound insights into the nature of life at the workplace....
Pulmonary Function Abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responsive to Glucocorticoid Therapy

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with moderately severe restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defects. Therapy with steroids was associated with gradual amelioration and eventual disappearance of the obstructive component. Gas exchange showed progressive improvement over four years of steroid therapy.
Subgaleal hemorrhage in a neonate with factor X deficiency following a non-traumatic cesarean section

This case report describes a term infant born by a non-traumatic, non-instrumented cesarean section that presented with respiratory failure and severe metabolic acidosis secondary to subgaleal hemorrhage (SGH). Further evaluation revealed a functional factor X deficiency that was initially treated with fresh frozen plasma infusions. This report is significant for the occurrence of a SGH in a non-traumatic delivery and emphasizes the importance of obtaining a coagulopathy evaluation in patients with similar presentations. In addition, this case suggests that the mechanism of injury that causes SGH may occur more frequently than previously thought, but does not become clinically significant in patients without an underlying coagulopathy.
Numerical linked-cluster algorithms. I. Spin systems on square, triangular, and kagomé lattices.

We discuss recently introduced numerical linked-cluster (NLC) algorithms that allow one to obtain temperature-dependent properties of quantum lattice models, in the thermodynamic limit, from exact diagonalization of finite clusters. We present studies of thermodynamic observables for spin models on square, triangular, and kagome lattices. Results for several choices of clusters and extrapolations methods, that accelerate the convergence of NLCs, are presented. We also include a comparison of NLC results with those obtained from exact analytical expressions (where available), high-temperature expansions (HTE), exact diagonalization (ED) of finite periodic systems, and quantum Monte Carlo simulations. For many models and properties NLC results are substantially more accurate than HTE and ED.
Influence of compositional stratification on autoignition in n-heptane/air mixtures

Autoignition of an initially quiescent stratified layer of n-heptane and air is numerically studied using multistep kinetic mechanisms. The influence of the level of stratification on the ignition characteristics of the mixture is investigated. The pressure and temperature conditions selected are relevant to compression-ignited internal combustion engines. As previously reported, for uniform temperature conditions, ignition always occurs in fuel-rich regions whereas the stable flame is located at the stoichiometric mixture condition, i.e. there is a spatial offset between the initial location and the final stabilization location of the flame. The time in which the final stabilization location is reached, once ignition initiates, is dependent on the level of mixture stratification. Consider the Damkohler number (Da) defined as the product of the inverse of scalar dissipation rate and the inverse of the chemical reaction time scale. In the presence of small gradients in the flow field, i.e. below a critical level of mixture stratification, the Da exceeds a critical value and the response of the ignition to changes in mixture stratification is controlled by the ratio of the offset distance to a diffusion length scale. In this high Da limit, an increase in gradients reduces the time required to reach the stable flame condition. Above the critical level of mixture stratification, when the Da is below the critical value, losses of species and heat from the ignition location become significant, and ignition is retarded with increasing gradients in the flow field. In a two-stage ignition event, the influence of the stratification is primarily reflected in the second stage of ignition.
Effects of SN Method Numerics on Pressure Vessel Neutron Fluence Calculations

An accurate prediction of the reactor pressure vessel (PV) fast neutron fluence (E> 1.0 MeV or E> 0.1 MeV) is necessary to ensure PV integrity over the design lifetime. The discrete ordinates metho...
Real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry for determination of the optical functions of ion-beam-deposited hydrogenated amorphous carbon

Real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry has been developed for comprehensive optical characterization of vacuum-deposited thin films and their interfaces. A rotating-polarizer ellipsometer with multichannel detection was used to collect spectra at 15s intervals (about every 15A) during ion beam deposition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films on tantalum substrates. Each of the spectra consists of 80 pairs of ellipsometric angles {ψ(hν), Δ(hν)}, from 1.65 to 4.00 eV. A linear regression technique is introduced to analyze over 100 such spectra and to deduce the real and imaginary parts of the a-C: H dielectric function {e1, e2} and the film thickness vs. time within a three-medium model (Ta/a-C:H/ambient). As a result, a measure of the optical gap has been deduced, representing the first such determination from real-time data. A four-medium model, including a substrate-film interfacial layer, accounts for a discrepancy between the spectroscopic data and the three-medium model in the initial stage of a-C:H growth. An estimate of the thickness and {e1, e2} for the interface layer, from .12 spectra obtained in the first 180A of a-C:H growth on Ar+-sputter-cleaned tantalum, completes a comprehensive optical analysis of thin film deposition.
Aspects of Angular Dependent Auger Spectroscopy (ADAS)

Abstract Calculational results are presented which pertain to recent observations that considerable structure exists in the angular distributions of 62 eV M2,3VV Auger electrons emitted from copper surfaces. A direct interpretation of these results demonstrates that both electron diffraction and anisotropic Auger emission must contribute significantly to the observed angular distributions.
Dissonance and Self-Theory: Fifteen More Years

(1992). Dissonance and Self-Theory: Fifteen More Years. Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 329-331.
The effect of human alveolar macrophages on the bactericidal capacity of neutrophils.

Human alveolar macrophages (AMs) were obtained by bronchoscopy from 11 healthy adult subjects and placed into tissue culture for 24 hr. Brief preexposure (15 min) of human neutrophils to AM culture supernatants led to a greater than twofold increase in neutrophil killing of a serum-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.02). No increase in phagocytosis of 35S-labeled Pseudomonas could be detected for neutrophils preexposed to AM supernatants. However, upon exposure to bacteria, neutrophils preincubated with AM supernatants generated significantly more (P < 0.05) superoxide anion than controls. This suggested that AM supernatants enhanced neutrophil oxidative bactericidal capacity. The material in AM supernatants which enhanced neutrophilic killing of Pseudomonas was <10,000 daltons in mass and heat-stable (56 C for 30 min). Release of this material was partially inhibitable by exposure of AMs to cycloheximide in tissue cultures. These data suggest that an AM-mediated amplification of neutrophil bactericidal capacity might be important in the defense of the human lung.
Predictive capability of Large Eddy Simulation for point-wise and spatial turbulence statistics in a confined rectangular jet

Abstract Large Eddy Simulations (LESs) were performed for a confined rectangular liquid jet with a co-flow and compared in detail with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. A finite-volume CFD library, OpenFOAM, was used to discretize and solve the filtered Navier–Stokes equation. The effects of grid resolution, numerical schemes and subgrid models on the LES results were investigated. The second and fourth order schemes gave similar performance, while the fourth order scheme costs much more computationally. Subgrid model comparison showed that the locally dynamic procedure is necessary for complex flow simulation. Model validation was performed by comparing LES data for the point-wise velocity statistics such as the mean and the root-mean-square velocity, shear stress, correlation coefficient, velocity skewness and flatness with the PIV data. In addition, LES data for the two-point spatial correlations of velocity fluctuations that provide structural information were computed and compared with PIV data. Good agreement was observed leading to the conclusion that the LES velocity field accurately captures the important characteristics of all the turbulent length scales present in the flow, from the fully resolved energy-containing eddies to the subgrid-scale dissipative eddies.
Tubular action of diuretics: Distal effects on electrolyte transport and acidification

We used clearance and free-flow micropuncture techniques to evaluate the influence of several diuretic agents, given both individually and in various combinations, on transport of sodium, potassium, and fluid, and on acidification and ammonium transport, within the distal tubule of the rat kidney. The loop diuretics, furosemide and piretanide, sharply increased fractional delivery of fluid, sodium, and potassium into the distal tubule, and, as a result, sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion were enhanced in this nephron segment. These two drugs also stimulated urinary acidification and increased urinary phosphate, titratable acid, and ammonium excretion. These effects took place both within the loop of Henle and along the distal tubule. Amiloride and triamterene alone inhibited distal tubular sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, and, when given with one of the loop diuretics, suppressed both the kaliuresis and the increased acid and ammonium excretion induced by the latter agents. Hydrochlorothiazide and tizolemide inhibited sodium reabsorption within the distal tubule, and were associated with a stimulation of potassium secretion within this segment. Addition of one of these two latter distally acting agents to either of the loop diuretics led to a further augmentation of sodium excretion, but to a reduction of potassium excretion, compared to the responses seen after the loop diuretics alone.
Hot on the Tail of the Elusive WIMP: Cryogenic Dark Matter Searches in the 21st Century

It is now well established and accepted that the universe has a total density equal to the critical density (Ω=1) and that roughly 25% of that amount is accounted for by non-relativistic particles. That these particles, referred to as Dark Matter, have remained a mystery has served to motivate physicists to design more ingenious and far reaching experiments in an attempt to identify and understand them. This paper will review various ongoing and proposed Dark Matter searches which employ cryogenic techniques to both detect the rare Dark Matter interactions as well as reject the vast number of background events from cosmic ray and radioactive backgrounds. Such experiments are already sensitive to and are able to reject certain models of supersymmetry, and with the increases in sensitivity projected over the next few years may even be able to detect these elusive particles.
Specificity, Transfer, and the Development of Expertise.

In this paper we present the results of two experiments designed to understand how physics students' learning of the concept of refraction is influenced by the cognitive phenomenon of ``specificity.'' In both experiments participants learned why light bends as it travels from one optical medium to another with an analogy made to a car driving from paved road into mud and vice versa. They then learned how to qualitatively draw the direction of refracted light rays with an example of a glass prism. One group learned with a rectangular prism example while a second group learned with a triangular prism example. In a transfer test, the participants revealed how, even when they seemed able to implement the refraction concept, their responses were biased by the example they had seen. Participants frequently violated the refraction principle they had just learned (reversing the bend direction) in order to make sure their response matched the surface features of their learning example. This tended to happen when their test question looked superficially similar to their learning example. We discuss the implications of these results for physics instruction.
Theorizing “What Could Have Been”: Black Feminism, Historical Memory, and the Politics of Reclamation

To articulate the past historically does not mean to recognize it “the way it really was” (Ranke). It means to seize hold of a memory as it flashes up at a moment of danger. —Walter Benjamin In ano...
CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF BODY FATNESS IN CHILDREN

Summary.-The purpose of this study was to examine, using cluster analysis, the levels of bodv fatness as defied in the current national Droarams for children and A youth fitness. A total of 1,056 examinees were drawn randomly from the published data of the National Children and Youth Fitness Studv 11. with 525 bovs and 531 , . girls, ages 6 to 9 years. Their triceps and medial calf skinfold measures were used for the cluster analysis, including both the kCh nearest-neighbor and the Ward's minimum variance procedures. Although multimodal clusters were found at four age groups according to the kth nearest-neighbor procedure, the Ward procedure and plotting of these clusters did not support their existence. It was concluded that the levels of body fatness reported in the current national children and youth fitness programs were arbitrarily defined. Criterion-referenced health standards are currently employed by both the Physical Best (AAHI?ERD, 1988) and the FITNESSGRAM (Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, 1992), two * major national children and youth fitness programs. In contrast with the traditional norm-referenced measurement in which examinees' fitness scores are interpreted relative to their peers, the scores in criterion-referenced measurement are interpreted relative to a well-defined domain of behaviors (Safrit, 1989). In the context of health-related fitness, the health standards are considered the minimum levels of performance on criterion behaviors consistent with good functional health both for the present and for a Metime. Setting a standard or cut-off score for a criterion-referenced test is perhaps the most critical procedure in a criterion-referenced measurement. The accuracy of classification by the criterion-referenced measurement depends upon the appropriateness of the criterion and the cut-off scores, which often were developed based upon experts' inferences of cumulative research evidence. Cureton and Warren (1990) provided a good example by developing a criterion for the One-Mile Run/Walk test for the FITNESSGRAM. After estimating the lowest level of ~0~ max for young adults consistent with good health, minimized disease risk, and adequate functional capacity for daily living, correspondmg VOz max values in children and adolescents were estimated. Based on the estimations, the running-time criterion for the One-Mile Run/Walk test was developed.
Gallbladder cancer: Defining the indications for primary radical resection and radical re-resection

The role of radical resection for gallbladder cancer is an ongoing area of debate. In this review, we present our experience managing gallbladder cancer at a tertiary center by using an aggressive surgical approach for T2 or greater disease, reserving simple cholecystectomy only for T1 lesions. Seventy-six patients with histologically confirmed gallbladder cancer were identified from our cancer registry. Estimated survival distributions were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and comparisons were made by using the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the effect on survival of T stage, nodal status, age, and margins. Sixty-four patients were assessable for this study. Simple cholecystectomy was the only procedure performed in 10 T2 and 15 T3 cases. Radical cholecystectomy was performed as the primary procedure in two T2, two T3, and six T4 cases. Radical re-resection was accomplished in seven T2 and two T3 cases. Excluding the T4 group, there was a significant survival advantage (P = .007) for the radical resection group (n = 13; median survival not yet reached) compared with the simple cholecystectomy group (n = 25; median survival, 17 months; 95% confidence interval, 7–27 months). Analysis of the 13 T2 and T3 patients who underwent radical resections revealed that the radical re-resection group (n = 9) had an overall survival similar to that of the primarily resected group (n = 4). All T2N+ and T3N− patients are still alive and disease free after 5 years of follow-up, whereas none of the T3N+ or T4 patients survived beyond 24 months. Increasing T stage and age (>65 years) were independent predictors of a poor prognosis. Radical resection for T2 and T3 disease resulted in a significant survival advantage compared with simple cholecystectomy. Patients who undergo radical re-resection after an incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer experience the same survival benefit as primarily resected patients. Radical resection for T2N−, T2N+, and T3N0 cases can achieve long-term survival. Conversely, the prognosis for T3N+ and T4 patients is poor, and improved outcome for this group will likely depend on the development of multi-institutional neoadjuvant clinical trials that can identify effective systemic regimens.
Brief hyperoxia increases mitochondrial oxidation and increases phosphodiesterase 5 activity in fetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Aims: Oxygen is a pulmonary vasodilator, but data suggest high O2 concentrations impede that response. We previously reported 24 h of 100% O2 increased phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activity in fetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (FPASMC) and in ventilated neonatal lambs. PDE5 degrades cyclic GMP (cGMP) and inhibits nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cGMP-dependent vasorelaxation. We sought to determine the mechanism by which hyperoxia initiates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and regulates PDE5. Results: Thirty minutes of hyperoxia increased mitochondrial ROS versus normoxia (30.3±1.7% vs. 21.1±2.8%), but had no effect on cytosolic ROS, measured by roGFP, a ratiometric protein thiol redox sensor. Hyperoxia increased PDE5 activity (220±39%) and decreased cGMP responsiveness to NO (37±17%). Mitochondrial catalase overexpression attenuated hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial roGFP oxidation, compared to FPASMC infected with empty adenoviral vector (50±3% of control) or mitochondrial superoxide dis...