cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controlling Nonspecific Protein Interactions in Silicon Biomicrosystems with Nanostructured Poly(ethylene glycol) Films

Protein interaction with surfaces is one of the most important criteria for the selection of implantable biomaterials as it can mediate further cellular interaction and therefore influence biocompatibility of the surfaces. An ideal biomaterial would adsorb no protein, which is practically impossible to achieve. Here we have demonstrated that control of protein adsorption can be achieved by modifying silicon surfaces with a biocompatible polymer like poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Two different methods to modify the silicon surface were used. Two model proteins, namely, fibrinogen and bovine serum albumin, were used to study the adsorption on PEG-modified surfaces. The adsorbed protein was characterized using fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Optimal Use of Fluids of Varying Formulations to Minimise Exercise-Induced Disturbances in Homeostasis

The rationale underlying the development of various formulations of beverages for consumption before, during, and/or after physical exercise is that such formulations should minimise some of the disturbances in physiological homeostasis that occur during exercise and thereby prevent injury and/or enhance performance. Exercise- and dehydration-induced increases in core temperature, body fluid osmolality, heart rate, losses of plasma and other body fluid volumes, and carbohydrate depletion are probably the most important homeostatic disturbances that can be ameliorated by fluid consumption. With the exception of athletes subject to hyponatraemia after consumption of ordinary water during prolonged activity, changes in electrolyte concentrations in the body fluids of most athletes do not justify the inclusion of electrolytes in fluid replacement beverages to be consumed during exercise. However, small amounts of sodium added to water does speed gastric emptying and fluid absorption from the intestine.
The influence of basswood (Tilia americana) and soil chemistry on soil nitrate concentrations in a northern hardwood forest

In the Arbutus Lake Watershed in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, two nearly adjacent catchments (14 and 15) varied significantly in volume-weighted stream water nitrate (NO3) export (54 and 17 μequiv.·L–1, respectively; P < 0.001). The most notable differences between the catchments were that Catchment 14 had significantly higher soil Ca concentrations and patches of basswood (Tilia americana L.). We evaluated the possible contributions of basswood and soil Ca concentrations to soil water NO3 concentrations. Among the major overstory tree species, basswood leaf litter had the lowest C:N ratios, highest Ca concentrations, and among the lowest lignin:N ratios. Basswood basal area was significantly related to soil water NO3 concentrations (R = 0.46, P = 0.01). Forest floor and mineral soil Ca concentrations were positively correlated with basswood basal area and negatively correlated with American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) basal area. Our results suggest that a relatively low-density, calciphilic s...
Amazonian archaeology; searching for paradise? A review of recent literature and fieldwork

Recent research in Amazonia has diverged from the orthodoxy of the last 40 years and provoked a wide-ranging debate over the nature of human ecology and adaptation in this vast region. New evidence stresses both the abundance of the Amazonian environment and the complexity of long-term human adaptation. New frameworks modeling these adaptive processes and reconstructing sociocultural complexity involve the use of both historical and ethnographic data.
On the Analysis and Synthesis of VLSI Algorithms

This correspondence is concerned with the development of algorithms for special-purpose VLSI arrays. The approach used in this correspondence is to identify algorithm transformations which modify favorably the index set and the data dependences, but perserve the ordering imposed on the index set by the data dependences. Conditions for the existance of such transformations are given for a class of algorithms. Also, a methodology is proposed for the synthesis of VLSI algorithms.
Reconstruction algorithms: Transform methods

Transform methods for image reconstruction from projections are based on analytic inversion formulas. In this tutorial paper, the inversion formula for the case of two-dimensional (2-D) reconstruction from line integrals is manipulated into a number of different forms, each of which may be discretized to obtain different algorithms for reconstruction from sampled data. For the convolution-backprojection algorithm and the direct Fourier algorithm the emphasis is placed on understanding the relationship between the discrete operations specified by the algorithm and the functional operations expressed by the inversion formula. The performance of the Fourier algorithm may be improved, with negligible extra computation, by interleaving two polar sampling grids in Fourier space. The convolution-backprojection formulas are adapted for the fan-beam geometry, and other reconstruction methods are summarized, including the rho-filtered layergram method, and methods involving expansions in angular harmonics. A standard mathematical process leads to a known formula for iterative reconstruction from projections at a finite number of angles. A new iterative reconstruction algorithm is obtained from this formula by introducing one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D interpolating functions, applied to sampled projections and images, respectively. These interpolating functions are derived by the same Fourier approach which aids in the development and understanding of the more conventional transform methods.
Vostell's ruins: Dé-collage and the mnemotechnic space of the postwar city

This essay considers Wolf Vostell’s agenda of commemoration in his de-collage performances Tour de Vanves. Theater is in the Street (Paris, 1958) and Cityrama (Cologne, 1961). Vostell’s fully collaborative and performative notion of de-collage reconfigured the avant-garde paradigms of performance and collage, once geared toward forgetfulness, in order to fix the specific importance of remembering destruction in the postwar period. De-collage marked the evacuation of the symbolic content these avant-gardist forms once possessed in connection with the modern city. While the de-collage object may superficially resemble the deaffiche laceree, it is clearly distinguishable from it through its collective and performative mode of production; the essential contradictions of the concept of de-collage contained a critique of the modernist form of collage. Vostell’s commemorative project in de-collage resonates with the theorization of collage as a materialist paradigm of art by Louis Aragon and Walter Benjamin, who tied collage to revolutionary intent and even transcendence by means of its relation to remembrance and its function as allegory. Vostell turned to the spaces of the postwar German city in 1961 further to investigate the performative spatial mnemonics of de-collage. De-collage staged the postwar city as ‘mnemotechnic space’, to recover Benjamin’s term, thereby escaping the empty repetitions of ‘neo-avant-gardism‘ in rethinking flânerie and collage to encompass the cultural necessity of remembrance. Tours de Vanves and Cityrama actively engaged the issue of collective memory that critical theory had foregrounded as a cultural and epistemological priority of the postwar world.
The TEAM Study: Personal exposures to toxic substances in air, drinking water, and breath of 400 residents of New Jersey, North Carolina, and North Dakota

EPA's TEAM Study has measured exposures to 20 volatile organic compounds in personal air, outdoor air, drinking water, and breath of approximately 400 residents of New Jersey, North Carolina, and North Dakota. All residents were selected by a probability sampling scheme to represent 128,000 inhabitants of Elizabeth and Bayonne, New Jersey, 131,000 residents of Greensboro, North Carolina, and 7000 residents of Devils Lake, North Dakota. Participants carried a personal monitor to collect two 12-hr air samples and gave a breath sample at the end of the day. Two consecutive 12-hr outdoor air samples were also collected on identical Tenax cartridges in the backyards of some of the participants. About 5000 samples were collected, of which 1500 were quality control samples. Ten compounds were often present in personal air and breath samples at all locations. Personal exposures were consistently higher than outdoor concentrations for these chemicals and were sometimes 10 times the outdoor concentrations. Indoor sources appeared to be responsible for much of the difference. Breath concentrations also often exceeded outdoor concentrations and correlated more strongly with personal exposures than with outdoor concentrations. Some activities (smoking, visiting dry cleaners or service stations) and occupations (chemical, paint, and plastics plants) were associated with significantly elevated exposures and breath levels for certain toxic chemicals. Homes with smokers had significantly increased benzene and styrene levels in indoor air. Residence near major point sources did not affect exposure.
Dihedral angle entropy measures for intrinsically disordered proteins.

Protein stability is based on a delicate balance between energetic and entropic factors. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) interacting with a folded partner protein in the act of binding can order the IDP to form the correct functional interface by decrease in the overall free energy. In this work, we evaluate the part of the entropic cost of ordering an IDP arising from their dihedral states. The IDP studied is a leucine zipper dimer that we simulate with molecular dynamics and find that it does show disorder in six phi and psi dihedral angles of the N terminal sequence of one monomer. Essential to ascertain is the degree of disorder in the IDP, and we do so by considering the entire, discretized probability distribution function of N dihedrals with M conformers per dihedral. A compositional clustering method is introduced, whereby the NS = NM states are formed from the Cartesian product of each dihedral’s conformational space. Clustering is carried out with a version of a k-means algorithm that a...
Preclinical testing of new drugs for tuberculosis: current challenges

The continuing global epidemic of tuberculosis, the increasing rate of multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis and the more recent emergence of extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis are great causes for concern. A major international effort is currently underway to optimize current drug therapies and to discover new drugs that are active against these organisms. This effort has created a pipeline of new candidate drugs at various stages of preclinical and early clinical evaluations. Major challenges still exist, however, varying from the standardization and application of current animal models and their application to drug discovery and characterization to the fact that our knowledge about the basic biology of the MDR and XDR strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is minimal at best.
Fine structure and fatty acid composition of a motile streptococcus.

The fine structure and fatty acid composition of a motile yellow pigmented streptococcus, isolated from gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar) larvae, was compared to that ofStreptococcus faecalis. The yellow streptococcus differed fromS.faecalis in the following manner: (1) absence of19:0 cyclic acid in its fatty acid complement, (2) the presence of a carotenoid, and (3) flagellation. Additionally its fine structure exhibited “cores” (microbial organelles) and mesosomes similar to those previously observed in other members of group D.
Strategic Investment by a Regulated Firm

A government's choice of regulatory stringency can depend on investments that a firm made in earlier periods. The regulated firm may therefore invest strategically, to effect the government's choice of regulation. To reduce its payment of emissions taxes, the firm may therefore reduce emissions below their socially optimal level. In contrast, a firm subject to regulation by quantity wants to reduce the stringency of regulations. A firm which invests little thereby reduces the marginal social cost of reducing emissions, and so can induce government to weaken its regulations.
EFFECTS OF MATERNALLY ADMINISTERED CORTISONE ON CYCLIC AMP AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN FETAL RABBIT LUNGS

Maternally administered cortisone (C) has not been reported to produce premature maturation of fetal rabbit lungs although this effect has been shown when C is injected directly into the fetus. We injected hydrocortisone (0.65 mg/kg) or saline subcutaneously (s.c.) t.i.d. into pregnant rabbits on days 24-26 of gestation. On day 26, under barbiturate anesthesia, we performed a laparotomy (sterile) and through the intact uterus injected 14C CDP choline and 3H methionine s.c. into the fetuses. On day 27 we killed the does and removed the fetuses. The 2 fetal groups were similar in body weight and length. We measured cyclic AMP (cAMP), total lipids, phospholipids (PL) and labeled phosphatidyl choline (PC) in the lungs. Components of PL were identical in the 2 groups. Preliminary evidence indicates that cAMP phosphodiesterase activity is inhibited in the C treated fetuses. We conclude that increased cAMP concentration is correlated with increased production of pulmonary surfactant and its early maturation following C administration.
George Barton and the Art of Teaching

The “art of teaching” is such a commonplace of academic parlance that one rarely questions the significance of the phrase. It is simply assumed that the word “art” refers to a certain skill or techne which may, and hopefully shall, be employed in the educational process. To pursue the meaning further might lead to involvement in many of the theoretical complexities of a philosophy of art, to say nothing of the theory of teaching. It is probably safer to restrict the reference to some sort of practice of teaching and leave the matter at that. It is a temptation, however, to explore a few of the questions which may escape from this box of Pandora. Some of the most elusive of these concern the object or objects of such an art. If the teacher is an artist in the sense of being a maker, what does he make? Does the art of teaching have an object not simply in the sense of being directed toward an end, but also in the sense of achieving a skill-fully-made product? If so, what is it? . . . and how can it be employed as evidence indicative of the skill of its producer?
Removal of ascorbic acid interference in the determination of glucose and sucrose in non-alcoholic beverages

Abstract A flow-injection system with an immobilized-enzyme, single-bead string reactor has been used to study the ascorbic acid interference in the determination of glucose and sucrose. Glucose was enzymatically determined in standard solutions and in samples of non-alcoholic beverages. After the measurement of glucose, the samples were spiked with different amounts of ascorbic acid, which was found to introduce serious errors even in low concentrations. A procedure for treating the samples containing ascorbic acid with ascorbase is proposed. The treatment completely removes the interference effect and ensures the recovery of the true concentration of glucose present in the measured samples. The method was applied to determinations of glucose and sucrose in soft drinks and in natural orange juice. The relative standard deviation of the procedure is ±3%.
Visual Pattern Recognition Models for Remote Sensing of Civil Infrastructure

As-built models have been proven useful in many project-related applications, such as progress monitoring and quality control. However, they are not widely produced in most projects because a lot of effort is still necessary to manually convert remote sensing data from photogrammetry or laser scanning to an as-built model. In order to automate the generation of as-built models, the first and fundamental step is to automatically recognize infrastructure-related elements from the remote sensing data. This paper outlines a framework for creating visual pattern recognition models that can automate the recognition of infrastructure-related elements based on their visual features. The framework starts with identifying the visual characteristics of infrastructure element types and numerically representing them using image analysis tools. The derived representations, along with their relative topology, are then used to form element visual pattern recognition (VPR) models. So far, the VPR models of four infrastructure-related elements have been created using the framework. The high recognition performance of these models validates the effectiveness of the framework in recognizing infrastructure-related elements.
Pathogenesis and management of respiratory insufficiency following pulmonary resection.

The underlying principle of the surgical treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is complete removal of the local/regional disease within the thorax. Pulmonary resection should be as conservative as possible without compromising the adequacy of tumor removal. A multitude of factors influence the incidence and severity of complications following pulmonary resection including the pre-operative physical and psychological status of the patient, the pathologic process requiring resection, the physiologic impact of the procedure, and the addition of pre-operative or postoperative adjuvant therapy. The insidious onset of interstitial changes on chest X-ray (CXR) 1 to 2 days after pulmonary resection forewarns of respiratory distress; however, the pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with progression to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and advanced critical care often unfolds. Management of patients with severe respiratory failure remains primarily supportive. "Good critical care" is the mainstay of therapy: this includes gentle mechanical ventilation to avoid ventilator-induced barotrauma and over-extension of remaining functional alveoli, diuresis, infection identification and management, and nutritional support. New therapeutic strategies that may impact on outcomes in the adult population include pressure-limited ventilation (permissive hypercapnia), inverse ratio ventilation, high-frequency jet ventilation, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, intratracheal pulmonary ventilation, and prone position ventilation. In addition, alternative therapies such as partial liquid ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, and extracorporeal techniques including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO(2)R), intravascular oxygenation (IVOX), and arteriovenous carbon dioxide removal (AVCO(2)R), provide additional modalities. A component of some or all of these strategies is finding a role in clinical practice.
The Throne Visions of Daniel 7, 1 Enoch 14, and the Qumran Book of Giants (4Q530): An Analysis of Their Literary Relationship

In Dan 7:9–10, the apocalyptic seer narrates his vision of God's heavenly throne. According to most scholars, Daniel's vision account depends literarily on the supposedly more primitive visionary traditions found in 1 Enoch 14 and the Book of Giants of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Certain divergences in these traditions, however, reveal that it is in fact 1 Enoch 14 that depends on a vision account much like that found in Dan 7. The Book of Giants and Daniel, on the other hand, both seem to make use of a common tradition, each adapting it in a different way.
Improved Preparation of Methyl 3-Chloro-2-Butenoate; Precursor of the Wichterle Annulation Reagent, 1,3-Dichloro-2-Butene

Abstract In the course of ongoing synthetic investigations we required a substantial quantity of the Wichterle annulation reagent, 1,3-dichloro-2-butene (2),1 which is currently unavailable from commercial sources in the U.S. The most practical laboratory preparation of this material appeared to be that of Hatch and Perry,2 starting with ethyl acetoacetate:
Shear‐wave splitting and fracture alignments at the Northwest Geysers, California

Shear-wave splitting is commonly observed on three-component microearthquake seismograms recorded at the Northwest Geysers geothermal field, California. The polarization of leading shear waves around each recording station is predominantly N10°–40°E, suggesting that the shear-wave splitting is caused mainly by pervasive, north-northeast orientated anisotropy. Time delays between the leading and second shear waves can be as large as 10ms/km to 30ms/km. We propose that the direction and magnitude of this shear wave splitting is due to the presence of pervasive, stress-aligned secondary fractures related to several northwest-trending, right-lateral faults in the Geysers area.
High precision 87Sr/86Sr measurements by MC-ICP-MS, simultaneously solving for Kr interferences and mass-based fractionation

Abstract Sr isotope measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) are complicated by Kr interferences at atomic masses 84 and 86. Particularly the interference on 86 Sr is problematic for 87 Sr/ 86 Sr measurements, since it is the normalizing stable isotope, and as such also used in the mass-based fractionation correction using 86 Sr/ 88 Sr. Although on-peak baseline measurements can subtract an average Kr contribution, signal variations and errors within-run are propagated into the final error, and signal-to-noise ratios are lower than combined Sr + Kr signals. Alternatively, intensities of interference-free 82 Kr or 83 Kr isotopes can be monitored to correct the interfering Kr masses, although the errors for these signals are amplified and propagated into the 86 Kr and 84 Kr correction. Instead, our approach depends on the use of the most abundant Kr isotope ( 84 Kr) for correction, which can then be used to estimate interference by 86 Kr on 86 Sr. This is accomplished by solving how much Kr is needed to explain the difference between I 84 /I 88 and I 86 /I 88 versus 84 Sr/ 88 Sr and 86 Sr/ 88 Sr (I 8 × : signal intensity at mass 8 ×). A solution with the traditional isotope dilution equation would require off-line iteration to include an exponential mass fractionation correction. Instead, we formulate an online exponential correction of the Sr data without iterating, relying on a separate Kr correction that estimates Kr mass fractionation with either the linear law or a series expansion of the exponential law. Both methods advance MC-ICP-MS long-term 87 Sr/ 86 Sr precision for NIST SRM 987 to ± 16 ∗ 10 − 6 or 22.5 ppm 2σ, outperforming an 83 Kr-based correction and an on-peak baseline correction applied to the same raw data. Both our methods find identical results for USGS rock standards that agree with published (TIMS) values.
Quantitative analysis of robustness of dynamic response and signal transfer in insulin mediated PI3K/AKT pathway

Robustness is a critical feature of signaling pathways ensuring signal propagation with high fidelity in the event of perturbations. Here we present a detailed quantitative analysis of robustness in insulin mediated PI3K/AKT pathway, a critical signaling pathway maintaining self-renewal in human embryonic stem cells. Using global sensitivity analysis, we identified robustness promoting mechanisms that ensure (1) maintenance of a first order or overshoot dynamics of self-renewal molecule, p-AKT and (2) robust transfer of signals from oscillatory insulin stimulus to p-AKT in the presence of noise. Our results indicate that negative feedback controls the robustness to most perturbations. Faithful transfer of signal from the stimulating ligand to p-AKT occurs even in the presence of noise, albeit with signal attenuation and high frequency cut-off. Negative feedback contributes to signal attenuation, while positive regulators upstream of PIP3 contribute to signal amplification. These results establish precise mechanisms to modulate self-renewal molecules like p-AKT.
606 LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM VITAMIN E AND TOTAL LIPID LEVELS IN PRETERM INFANTS

In adults and children there is a significant correlation between serum concentration of vitamin E (E) and total lipid (TL). Therefore use of the serum ratio of E to TL (E/TL) as a measure of E nutrition, rather than E alone, has been recommended. This ratio may not be useful in infants because of the higher proportion of polyunsaturated fats in their diets. In order to evaluate this relationship in neonates, 70 infants XBW 2085gm±502 SD, XGA 34.8wks±2.1 SD were studied. Serum E and TL were measured during the following time periods: (I) within a few hours of birth; (II) 1 week of age, NPO, on hyperalimentation (HAL) and Intralipid (IL); (III) after 1-2 weeks of combined enteral feeds. HAL, IL; (IV) 1–2 weeks after full enteral feeds. Multiple measurements within each group showed a significant correlation between E and TL (r=.43, p<.01) only in period I and if all babies were considered. The r value however was only 0.43, which reflects a relatively poor correlation. After exogenous nutrition was started (periods II-IV), there was no correlation between E and TL (r=.02-.34) in any birthweight group. Serial measurements of serum vitamin E levels appear to be the only practical means of monitoring E nutrition in the preterm neonate.
Stress analysis of axially stiffened sandwich shells

Abstract The behaviour of a sandwich shell consisting of thin outer and inner faces separated by rib stiffeners running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shell was studied. An analysis of the local stresses and deflections at any section of an infinite length shell is made by considering the outer and inner face shells subjected to the external loads and to a series of unknown stiffener reactions. The stress concentration at the junctures of the ribs with the skins were ignored in this analysis. The method was applied to the particular case where the sandwich shell is subjected to an external hydrostatic pressure but the same reasoning may be used for several other modes of loading. The case of a finite length shell confined between rigid bulkheads may be treated by considering the deflections along the longitudinal axis between two successive bulkheads of an equivalent orthotropic thin shell to define the mean variation of the axial deflections of the sandwich shell between the bulkheads. The local deflections, referred to the varying diameter of the shell after deformation, are then superimposed on the mean deflections. The analysis was complemented with a photoelastic study of a two-dimensional model under uniform external pressure. The influence of the shape of fillets at the junctures of ribs with the skins was studied for two characteristic cases. Finally, a weight-strength comparison with the corresponding circumferentially ribbed sandwich shell was made and a dimensional optimization of the shell was sought by numerical analysis. It was shown that, while the overall strength of the shell under external pressure depends primarily on the outer-skin thickness and the spacing of the ribs, it is insensitive to the thickness of the inner skin. Then it was concluded that the strength of a shell may be significantly increased with the same weight by removing material from the inner to the outer skin.
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression, part III: Reducing cognitive biases

Cognitive therapy has become a well established and widely used treatment for depression. However, most treatment guidelines describe a session-by-session focus that may not adequately conform with the individualized nature of individual psychotherapy used in most clinical settings. The present manuscript describes strategies for helping clients to reduce their cognitive biases by: (1) identifying their cognitive biases, (2) appreciating the relationship between cognitions, emotions, and behavior, (3) distancing themselves from their perspective, (4) developing realistic positive self-statements, (5) altering maladaptive thought processes, (6) shortening the temporal delay required to challenge their thoughts, and (7) learning to find positive elements in predominantly negative situations. These strategies for reducing cognitive biases can be incorporated into a comprehensive treatment plan that includes modules for the assessment of depression severity and suicide risk, enhancing social performance, and improving problem-solving skills. The modules are meant to be used in a flexible manner, allowing the therapist to address a variety of treatment goals while still responding to the unique needs of each client.
A generalized analysis for liquid-fuel vaporization and burning

Abstract A generalized method is presented for vaporization and combustion of multiple-droplet arrays, liquid films, pools, and streams. Conditions are explained for the existence of a mass flux potential function that is independent of fuel type and scalar boundary conditions and satisfies the three-dimensional Laplace’s equation. Gas-phase properties, composition, and flame location are functions only of the potential function, specified scalar boundary conditions, and fuel type. Variable properties are considered. Flame stand-off distances for liquid interfaces near wet-bulb temperatures are predicted more accurately with variable properties. Flame location and transport properties are found for decane, heptane, and methanol fuels, with different ambient conditions. The analysis also applies to vaporization without combustion and to combustion with transient liquid-phase heating.
Evaluation of Fungal Cellulases in Rice Hull Base Diets for Ruminants

Abstract Ground rice hulls were treated with a preparation of fungal cellulolytic enzymes having a specific gravity of 1.4 kg/liter at 0, 125, 250, 375, 500, 625, 750, 875, 1000, 1125, and 1250 mg enzyme preparation per kilogram. In vitro dry matter digestibility (30.6%) was highest when 375 mg enzyme preparation were added to 1 kg rice hulls. The preparation of fungal cellulolytic enzymes was added to a diet with 50% ground rice hull base at 0, 250, 375, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 mg of enzyme preparation per kilogram. Six Holstein steers, averaging 132 kg body weight, were used per treatment in digestion trials with total fecal collection to determine the apparently digestible dry matter, energy, and protein of diets treated with the preparation of fungal cellulolytic enzymes. Diets treated with 250, 375, 1000, and 2000 mg of enzyme preparation per kilogram had higher digestibilities of dry matter and energy than those diets treated with other amounts of the fungal cellulolytic enzyme preparation. Protein digestibility was greater when 250, 500, or 2000 mg of the fungal cellulolytic enzyme preparation were added to the diet. Thus, the addition of a preparation of fungal cellulolytic enzymes added in small amounts (250 mg of enzyme preparation per kilogram diet) enhanced digestibilities of dry matter, energy, and protein of a 50% rice hull base diet.
Multisensor imaging and virtual simulation for assessment, diagnosis, therapy planning, and navigation

Images and data representing morphology, function, and metabolism are medically produced in the scope of specific protocols and pathologies. Although generally assessed individually, these data can also be merged together into a multidimensional digital space that simulates the reality of the patient from many different perspectives. This space can then be navigated at will along any dimension, not only for diagnosis but also to plan, simulate, or monitor surgery or other types of therapy. These approaches can be used for addressing various research or clinical needs such as the primary and secondary assessments of complex pathologies, including cancer and epilepsy. Concepts such as those presented in this article represent an adequate foundation not only for an optimum exploitation of all available information for in-vivo assessment and therapy guidance but also for a more effective assessment of the full scope and requirements of live systems simulations) accurate enough for supporting clinical and research developments. Â© 2001 Sage Publications.
Efficacy of cefoperazone in combination with sulbactam in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits

The activity of cefoperazone with and without sulbactam was studied in vitro and in vivo against strains of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Cefoperazone with or without sulbactam was inactive in vitro against the methicillin-resistant strain and was bound by penicillin-binding protein 2a with an IC50 of 190 mg/L (the concentration that reduced radio-labelling with 3H-penicillin by 50%). Cefoperazone was hydrolysed by beta-lactamase in vitro but sulbactam improved cefoperazone activity in a rabbit model of aortic valve endocarditis caused by a beta-lactamase producing methicillin-susceptible strain.
Adenocarcinoma of the prostate: radioactive gold seed implant plus external irradiation

A total of 119 patients with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (Stage B and C) were treated at St. Joseph Hospital Houston, Texas from 1971 through 1984 using a combination of radioactive gold seed implant and external irradiation. The prognostic significance of tumor grading and pelvic node involvement was analyzed. Five and 10-year survival for Stage B was 100% and 85% respectively; for Stage C it was 68% and 43% respectively. The cumulative 94% local control rate for Stage B and C cases obtained in this report suggests more effectiveness to control the disease locally with acceptable rate of complications, when radioactive gold seed implant is added.
Log canonical models for the moduli space of curves: The first divisorial contraction

In this paper, we initiate our investigation of log canonical models for (M g , αδ) as we decrease α from 1 to 0. We prove that for the first critical value α = 9/11, the log canonical model is isomorphic to the moduli space of pseudostable curves, which have nodes and cusps as singularities. We also show that α = 7/10 is the next critical value, i.e., the log canonical model stays the same in the interval (7/10,9/11]. In the appendix, we develop a theory of log canonical models of stacks that explains how these can be expressed in terms of the coarse moduli space.
Kloosterman identities over a quadratic extension

We prove an identity of Kloosterman integrals which is the fundamental lemma of a relative trace formula for the general linear group in n variables.
Density Effects on the Opacity of Cool Helium White Dwarf Atmospheres

Density effects on two important processes contributing to the opacity of a weakly ionized helium gas are considered. The correction to free-free absorption by the negative helium ion is treated in the Born approximation using analytical approximations for the electron-atom interaction. The correction to Rayleigh scattering uses well-known formulae obtained from density fluctuation theory. In both processes, the main density effect appears through the static structure factor, which accounts for spatial correlations between the helium atoms. These correlations significantly reduce the cross sections at the high densities encountered in cool, He white dwarf atmospheres.
Segmental flexibility in an antibody molecule.

The rotational motions of an antibody molecule were investigated by nanosecond fluorescence polarization techniques. The fluorescent chromophore, ϵ-dansyl-l-lysine, was specifically bound to the combining sites of antidansyl antibody. The emission anisotropy of the bound dansyl group was measured as an explicit function of time following excitation by a nanosecond light pulse. The F((ab′)2) and Fab fragments of the antibody were studied in the same way. The striking finding is that the antibody molecule displays a discrete mode of flexibility in the nanosecond time range. The Fab portions of the intact antibody molecule are free to rotate over an angular range of the order of 33 degrees in times of nanoseconds. The rotational correlation time for this restricted segmental motion is 33 nsec. The over-all rotational motion of the antibody molecule has a correlation time of 168 nsec, indicating that the antibody has a markedly non-spherical shape. Our findings are consistent with an important feature of the model proposed by Valentine & Green (1967), namely that there is a flexible joint at the junction of the Fab segments. This joint may be biologically significant in facilitating the formation of antibody-antigen complexes. The facile segmental flexibility exhibited by the antibody exemplifies a structural design which is probably used in other large proteins and in organized macromolecular assemblies.
Submillimeter-wave emission assignments for 1,1-difluoroethylene

Many of the known submillimeter wave emissions of 1,1-difluoroethylene are assigned by using new data from infrared diode laser heterodyne spectroscopy. Six new submillimeter lines are also reported and assigned.
Sediment Accumulation Rates Along the Murray Fracture Zone Between 131° W. and 167° W. Longitude

Seismic reflection studies along the Murray Fracture Zone between California and Hawaii show a thin sedimentary cover averaging about 50 m in thickness. Paleomagnetic stratigraphic analyses of sediments in cores taken in the region indicate a sediment accumulation rate of 1.3 mm/10 3 yrs for at least the past 0.69 m.y.
ON THE CLOSURE OF POSITIVE FLAT MOMENT MATRICES

Let y y (2d) =fyigi2Z n,jij62d denote a real n-dimensional mul- tisequence of degree 2d, y0 > 0. Let Ly : R2d(x1, . . . , xn) 7! R denote the Riesz functional, defined by Ly(Âjij62d ai x i ) = Â aiyi, and let Md(y) denote the corresponding moment matrix. Positivity of Ly plays a significant role in the Truncated Moment Problem and in the Polynomial Optimization Prob- lem, but concrete conditions for positivity are unknown in general. Md(y) is flat if rankMd(y) = rankMd 1(y); it is known that if Md(y) is positive semi- definite and flat, then y has a representing measure (and Ly is positive). Let Fd := fy y (2d) : Md(y) 0 is flatg. If y 2 F d (the closure), then y does not necessarily have a representing measure, but Ly is positive, so Md(y) 0 and, moreover, rankMd(y) 6 dimRd 1(x1, . . . , xn). We prove, conversely, that these positivity and rank conditions for Md(y) are sufficient for membership inF d in two basic cases: when n = 1, d > 1, and when n = d = 2.
Thr268 in Substrate Binding and Catalysis in P450BM-3

Abstract Members of the gene superfamily of proteins called “P450” catalyze monooxygenation reactions that require an input of two electrons and a molecule of oxygen per catalytic cycle. These proteins are widely distributed among living organisms, from bacteria to human. P450BM-3, a soluble protein isolated fromBacillus megaterium,is self-sufficient, containing P450 and reductase domains on the same polypeptide. P450BM-3 catalyzes the hydroxylation of various fatty acids at ω-1, ω-2, and ω-3 positions, as well as epoxidations of double bonds. We have constructed the active-site mutant, T268A, and analyzed the effect on arachidonic acid and palmitic acid oxidation. Data indicate that the mutation changes the coupling (ratio of NADPH consumed versus product formed) for both arachidonic acid and palmitic acid oxidation. We have also analyzed cumene hydroperoxide-driven reactions and shown that they are unaffected by this mutation. These data, as well as fatty acid binding studies, support the hypothesis of a role of the I-helix residue, T268, in maintaining fatty acid substrates in the correct position for productive hydroxylation during the catalytic cycle of this enzyme.
Integrated design and control for header height control of combine harvesters

This paper introduces an integrated design and control method for improving the header height control performance of combine harvesters. Due to the legacy design of the mechanical system, the bandwidth of feedback control is limited, which induces a performance bottleneck in further improving the harvesting productivity. To solve this problem, the integrated design for both the mechanical system and controller is proposed. This integrated method optimizes both the plant and controller parameters during the design process, and takes the closed loop performance as the ultimate design goal. As a result, the plant is redesigned automatically to achieve a local optimized control performance within parameter constraints.
Applying electro-optical space surveillance technology to the detection of near-Earth asteroids

The electro-optical space surveillance (EOSS) technology program at MIT/Lincoln Laboratory develops advanced electro-optical technology for space and missile surveillance. This advanced technology includes visible CCD focal plane arrays and cameras, mid-wave IR (MWIR) Shottky barrier focal planes and cameras, and the detection processing algorithms and processors to optimize the use of these focal plane arrays. Some of these EOSS technologies are highly suited to the detection of faint near earth objects. A near-earth asteroid surveillance system has been designed to utilize recently developed technology and existing telescopes to meet the performance requirements outlined in the NASA SPACEGUARD Study (Morrison, 1992). A detailed model was developed to evaluate the expected detection performance of this system and the proposed Spaceguard system. The components of the designed system have been tested as part of routine device evaluation and field measurements. Results indicate that the proposed system can meet the performance objectives spelled out in the spaceguard study at lower cost and risk than the proposed spaceguard system and with existing technology.
Topographical requirements for δ-selective opioid peptides†

The conformational possibilities of three different delta-selective opioid peptides, which are DPDPE (Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Pen), DCFPE (Tyr-D-Cys-Phe-D-Pen), and DRE (Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His-Leu-Met-Asp-NH2, dermenkephalin), were explored using energy calculations. Sets of low-energy conformers were obtained for each of these peptides. The sets consisted of 61 structures for DPDPE, 32 for DCFPE, and 38 for DRE, including various types of rotamers of the Tyr and Phe side-chain groups. Comparison of the geometrical shapes of the conformers was performed for these sets using topographical considerations, i.e., examination of the mutual spatial arrangement of the N-terminal alpha-amino group, and of the Tyr and Phe side-chain groups. The results obtained suggest a model for the delta-receptor-bound conformer(s) for opioid peptides. The model suggests the placement of the Phe side chain in a definite position in space corresponding to the g- rotamer of Phe for peptides containing Phe4 and to the t rotamer for peptides containing Phe. The position of the Tyr1 side chain cannot be specified so precisely. The proposed model is in a good agreement with the results of biological testing of beta-Me-Phe4-substituted DPDPE analogues that were not considered in the process of model construction.
African Perspectives on Cultural Diversity and Multiculturalism

The dissolution of the European colonial empires since the Second World War led to a shift in the locus of the production of knowledge about Asian and African cultures from the colonizers to the indigenous peoples themselves. The elocution of the cultures of the colonized and marginalized thus became a multivocal concern signified by the advocacy for continental, race, and colour identification, enriched by gender, sexuality, womanist, lesbian, gay and aging issues. Hegemonic metanarratives have been debunked. Emerging from this socially-predicated episteme is an advocacy for a political agenda that recommends affirmative diversity as the way forward in a multicultural world.
Secondary osteon populations: An algorithm for determining mean bone tissue age

This algorithm explains how bone growth, modeling, and chronological age can affect the mean tissue age of compact bone and suggests how to measure and quantitate those effects. Since a given secondary osteon population density equals the mean annual number of new osteons being created, multiplied by the time over which those creations occur, and that time equals the mean tissue age of the compacta containing the osteons, quantitating age would allow removing its effects on osteon populations in order to study other influences on those populations. These other influences include local and systemic disease, genetics, nutrition, physical activity, occupation, biomechanics, chronological age, sex, and species. In a given bone cross section these influences affect the annual osteon creations rather than the time period over which those creations occur.
Behind the Pencil/Paper Measurement of Sexual Coercion: Interview‐Based Clarification of Men's Interpretations of Sexual Experiences Survey Items1

The ubiquity of self-report pencil and paper surveys in sexual coercion research is matched only by the lack of attention to respondents' individual interpretations of survey items. Our purpose in this study was to examine men's interpretations of four apparently ambiguous items from a commonly used sexual coercion research instrument, the original Sexual Experiences Survey (SES; Koss & Oros, 1982). After completing the SES, college men (N = 102) were immediately interviewed about their interpretations of 4 of the SES items. Across the interviews, the men reported a variety of interpretations of each item. Ignoring SES item interpretations when forming research conclusions has significant implications for sexual coercion research. Based on the results of this investigation, we urge caution in interpreting results of studies based on self-administered measures of coercive sexual behavior.
A daily calendar analysis of substance use and dating violence among high risk urban youth

BACKGROUND: Dating violence (DV) among youth is an important public health problem. This study examined reasons for physical DV and the association between substance use and youth DV using daily calendar-based analyses among at-risk urban youth. METHODS: Patients (aged 14-24) presenting to an urban Emergency Department (ED) for a violent injury and a proportionally selected comparison sample of non-violently injured youth who screened positive for substance use in the past 6 months (n=599) were enrolled in this study. Multi-level, multinomial regressions were conducted using daily-level substance use data from Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) responses and physical DV data that were obtained by coding Time Line Follow Back - Aggression Module responses for the 30 days prior to visiting the ED. RESULTS: The two most commonly reported reasons for physical dating aggression and victimization, across sexes, were "jealousy/rumors" or "angry/bad mood." Multi-level multinomial regression models, adjusting for clustering within individual participants, showed that among females, cocaine use and sedative/opiate use were associated with severe dating victimization and alcohol use was associated with severe dating aggression. CONCLUSIONS: Use of TLFB data offers a unique opportunity to understand daily-level factors associated with specific incidents of DV in more detail. This study provides novel data regarding reasons for DV and the relationship between daily substance use and DV among urban youth, with alcohol, cocaine, and sedative/opiate use being associated with various types of DV. ED based DV interventions should be tailored to address youths' reasons for DV as well as reducing their substance use. Language: en