cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A quantitative assessment of groundwater resources in the Middle East and North Africa region

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is the world’s most water-stressed region, with its countries constituting 12 of the 15 most water-stressed countries globally. Because of data paucity, comprehensive regional-scale assessments of groundwater resources in the MENA region have been lacking. The presented study addresses this issue by using a distributed ArcGIS model, parametrized with gridded data sets, to estimate groundwater storage reserves in the region based on generated aquifer saturated thickness and effective porosity estimates. Furthermore, monthly gravimetric datasets (GRACE) and land surface parameters (GLDAS) were used to quantify changes in groundwater storage between 2003 and 2014. Total groundwater reserves in the region were estimated at 1.28 × 106 cubic kilometers (km3) with an uncertainty range between 816,000 and 1.93 × 106 km3. Most of the reserves are located within large sedimentary basins in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, with Algeria, Libya, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia accounting for approximately 75% of the region’s total freshwater reserves. Alternatively, small groundwater reserves were found in fractured Precambrian basement exposures. As for groundwater changes between 2003 and 2014, all MENA countries except for Morocco exhibited declines in groundwater storage. However, given the region’s large groundwater reserves, groundwater changes between 2003 and 2014 are minimal and represent no immediate short-term threat to the MENA region, with some exceptions. Notwithstanding this, the study recommends the development of sustainable and efficient groundwater management policies to optimally utilize the region’s groundwater resources, especially in the face of climate change, demographic expansion, and socio-economic development.
Si-traceable top-of-the-atmosphere lunar irradiance: Potential tie-points to the output of the ROLO Model

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has developed an empirical model, known as the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) Model, that predicts the reflectance of the Moon for any Sun-sensor-Moon configuration over the spectral range from 350 nm to 2500 nm. The lunar irradiance can be predicted from the modeled lunar reflectance using a spectrum of the incident solar irradiance. While extremely successful as a relative exo-atmospheric calibration target, the ROLO Model is not SI-traceable and has estimated uncertainties too large for the Moon to be used as an absolute celestial calibration target. In this work, two recent absolute, low uncertainty, SI-traceable top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) lunar irradiances, measured over the spectral range from 380 nm to 1040 nm, at lunar phase angles of 6.6° and 16.9° , are used as tie-points to the output of the ROLO Model. Combined with empirically derived phase and libration corrections to the output of the ROLO Model and uncertainty estimates in those corrections, the measurements enable development of a corrected TOA lunar irradiance model and its uncertainty budget for phase angles between ±80° and libration angles from 7° to 51° . The uncertainties in the empirically corrected output from the ROLO model are approximately 1 % from 440 nm to 865 nm and increase to almost 3 % at 412 nm. The dominant components in the uncertainty budget are the uncertainty in the absolute TOA lunar irradiance and the uncertainty in the fit to the phase correction from the output of the ROLO model.
Anesthetic Management of Laser Lead Extraction for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices.

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) play a significant role in the modern management of cardiovascular disease. CIEDs include implantable pacemakers (PMs), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. These devices improve the quality of life of their recipients and help reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death. Traditionally, CIEDs have been reliant on the use of transvenous endocardial leads to directly connect with the heart. Over time, these endovascular leads may become endothelialized rendering removal extremely difficult. As the indications for CIEDs expands and with the continuing evolution of these devices, the number of patients requiring explantation for device recall, malfunction, and infection continues to increase. In this manuscript, we review the most common CIEDs, the indications and process of lead removal/device explantation, potential complications associated with the procedure and the anesthetic management o...
Perihamate-Peripisiform-Transtriquetrum Axial Ulnar Fracture Dislocation of the Hand With an Associated Perilunate Injury

Axial fracture-dislocations are rare, high-energy injuries. Although cases of axial fracture-dislocations are reported in the literature, there are few reports of a patient who suffered a combined perilunate injury with an ulnar axial dislocation of the hand. This case report describes the anatomical injury and operative treatment of a patient who suffered this injury and discusses the importance of associated soft tissue management.
Mental Testing and Tracking for the Social Adjustment of an Urban Underclass, 1920-1930:

This essay examines the mechanisms used by the public school for socially adjusting an underclass of Italian, Polish, and southern black children who immigrated to Buffalo, New York, in the 1920s. It describes in some detail the activities and goals associated with the institutionalization of mental testing and tracking programs in those public schools serving these young members of an underclass. This essay suggests that as a tool of social control, testing and tracking into special education classes may have discriminated against the unassimilated newcomers who teachers and administrators feared were destined for a life of crime. Finally, the essay illustrates the reactions of interest groups to the school's tracking program, in order to show that members of and advocates for this underclass did not all passively accept the school's treatment of these pupils.
Concepts of Refugee and Forced Migration: Considerations for Demographic Analysis

Scholarly attention to refugee and forced migration, including demography, has mirrored the policy attention from individual governments and various international organizations struggling with the issues surrounding persons forced to migrate. This chapter attempts a narrative review of scholarly and policy developments relative to the concept and definition of refugee, forced migration and migrant. We give focus to the interaction among international convention, policy and social science and the implications for demographic research and analysis. The close relationship among practice, theory and data collection has a long history and continues. Changes in policy concern and in analytical apparatus have mutually influenced one another affecting both scholarly output and policy outcomes. The historical and legal origins of the concept and category of refugee and the implications for refugee studies are reviewed. The emergence of forced migration studies is described. Analysis of the implications of both policy analysis and theory for empirical research is presented followed by a discussion of operational definitions and measurement. Diversity in causes of migration is considered across these themes. The chapter concludes with reflections for demography and opportunities for analytic innovation.
Biofilms and beyond: expanding echinocandin utility.

Echinocandins have been in use for over 15 years, starting with the first approval in 2001. Current trends, such as increasing resistance to fluconazole and shifts toward non-albicans spp. of Candida, suggest a growing role for echinocandins, as reflected by recent (2016) updates to guidelines that recommend echinocandins as first-line treatment for candidaemia. The efficacy, tolerability, and safety of echinocandins and their target site of action (1,3-β-d-glucan synthesis) have prompted research into potential new uses, such as for treatment of biofilm infections, MDR Candida auris and dermatophytes. Moreover, new mycobiome discoveries linking inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; for instance Crohn's disease) to fungi have led to preliminary but encouraging data regarding echinocandin therapy and treatment of IBD. In this article, we will review the available evidence and potential utility of echinocandins and 1,3-β-d-glucan synthesis inhibition in these areas of emerging interest.
Configuration Space Integrals: Bridging Physics, Geometry, and Topology of Knots and Links (Commentary on [106], [108], [109])

Early 1990s witnessed an emergence of new techniques and points of view in the study of spaces of knots and spaces of embeddings more generally. One of the most exciting developments was the introduction of finite type or Vassiliev knot invariants [Vas90]. To explain, any knot invariant V can be extended to singular knots with n transverse double points via the repeated use of the Vassiliev skein relation
Increasing Joint Attention in Children with Autism and Their Peers

Joint attention (JA) and peer interactions are significantly impaired in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Empirically demonstrated interventions exist to address JA with adults, but few with peers. Training peers through instructions, modeling (both live and video models), role play, and feedback may help facilitate JA in children with ASD. We examined the effects of peer training with live and video models on typically developing (TD) peer strategies to facilitate JA and JA behavior in children with ASD. TD peers showed some improvement in prompting and reinforcing JA. Children with ASD showed overall increases in JA with trained and novel peers that were also observed by parents, professionals, and peers. Findings are discussed with respect to variables to consider when teaching JA to children with ASD and their peers as well as the need to further examine the relationship between peer training and JA in children with autism.
Incorporating expert knowledge into evolutionary algorithms with operators and constraints to design satellite systems

Abstract Knowledge-intensive evolutionary algorithms (EA) and knowledge-driven optimization algorithms that leverage problem- or domain-specific knowledge have been shown to discover high-quality solutions with fewer function evaluations than knowledge-independent EAs. Knowledge-intensive EAs apply the available knowledge through (1) knowledge-dependent operators that modify specific decision variables by biasing them towards or away from predetermined values or (2) knowledge-dependent constraints that penalize or eliminate solutions that are inconsistent with the provided knowledge. While both knowledge-dependent operators and knowledge-dependent constraints have shown promise in improving the search performance of an EA, there are no known experiments comparing their efficacy. To address the lack of such comparative experiments, this paper benchmarks one EA using knowledge-dependent operators and two EAs using knowledge-dependent constraints against an analogous knowledge-independent EA on a design problem for a climate-monitoring satellite system. Each EA is evaluated for its ability to attain high-quality solutions with the fewest possible number of function evaluations. In addition, we analyze the extent to which each method can focus on applying the knowledge that improves the search performance, handle conflicting information that suggests improving solutions with opposing modifications, and balance the exploitation of the available knowledge with the exploration of the tradespace to prevent premature convergence on local optima. The results show promise for EAs applying knowledge-dependent operators with an adaptive operator selection strategy and reveal some limitations of methods that adaptively apply knowledge-dependent constraints.
Retirement Planning Decisions: Choices Between Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans:

As states move toward offering defined contribution retirement plans as an alternative or addition to traditional defined benefit pensions, they need to consider the preferences and long-term consequences for different groups of employees. This study looks at which plan employees choose when given the option of either a defined contribution or defined benefit plan. The strongest driver of that choice is education level where the most educated prefer defined contribution plans and the least educated stay in defined benefit plans. A unique contribution of this study is that we include region of origin as a study and determine that cultural differences influence plan selection. The study also explores the role of sex, age, and tenure. Challenging other studies on financial planning, these findings indicate that sex and age are not significant factors. This research was conducted using data from more than 4,000 employees from Florida International University and an interview with HR professionals. By understa...
Quantification of suvorexant in blood using liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight (LC-Q/TOF) mass spectrometry.

Abstract Suvorexant is a novel drug for the treatment of insomnia that is marketed under the trade name Belsomra®. Unlike other hypnotics, suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist that is believed to have a lower abuse potential compared to other therapeutics. Although sedative hypnotics feature prominently in forensic toxicology investigations, there have been limited reports that describe the analysis of suvorexant in biological samples. Following a 10-mg oral dose, peak concentrations are typically
Somatosensory Cortex: Functional Architecture

Somatosensory cortex is one region of the brain that is truly in touch with the outside world, both figuratively and literally. Information about things that are touched, and what body part is touching them is represented within a structural framework that is somewhat the same across species. However, significant differences also exist and these reflect representational specializations associated with the unique sensory structures that certain species have evolved to convey meaningful information. Here, we examine the vertical and horizontal structure of somatosensory cortex and how this region functions in the face of attention, distractions, and goals.
The Discovery of Fission and a Nuclear Physics Paradigm

How was nuclear fission discovered? Many accounts of this, the most famous discovery in modern physics, are available. Yet when we enter the territory we find that the maps are worse than we might have expected. Some main features have not been mapped at all, or their shape and nature have been poorly explored. And this brings us to the general problem of how to map scientific work. When we study the history of fission we find a type of terrain — a style of doing scientific work — that is highly important yet rarely explored in detail.
Stochastic Regression with Errors in Both Variables

Linear structural models are linear relationships between two stochastic (random) variates in which both of the variates are subject to measurement errors. Structural models are common in experimental work, but are typically fit using least squares. In ..
Using the Surface Features of Plant Matter to Create All-Polymer Pseudocapacitors with High Areal Capacitance.

Controlling mesoscale organization in thick films of electroactive polymers is crucial for studying and optimizing charge and ion transport in these disordered materials. Conventional approaches focus on directing long-range polymer aggregation and/or crystallization during film formation by using interfaces, flow and/or shear forces. Here, we describe an alternative method that takes advantage of naturally textured biological substrates and vapor-coating to structure thick-conjugated polymer films. Reactive vapor-coating is a technique that enables in situ synthesis of doped conjugated polymers inside a reduced-pressure reactor. Reactive vapor deposition conformally coats the surface of plant matter, such as leaves and flower petals, with conducting polymer films while leaving these living substrates undamaged. Importantly, the intricate surface features of plant matter are faultlessly reproduced in the coating, effectively creating thick, high-surface-area, electrochemically active conducting polymer el...
Efficient Branch and Bound Motif Finding with Maximum Accuracy based on Hashing

The problem of finding unknown motifs in DNA sequences has been studied seriously in last three decades and a variety of solution approaches have appeared in the literature. We present an efficient combinatorial approach of finding the optimum motif(s) with the maximum accuracy based on a couple of hash based heuristics, which greatly reduce the searching space and unnecessary computations used in the traditional tree based branch and bound mechanism. The proposed approach was tested for performance with various sized real world datasets and our experimental results showed that the proposed approach achieved the maximum accuracy within the practical time, even better than some popularly used approximate and suffix tree based approaches in most of the cases we tested in our practice.
Development and application of the soil moisture routing (SMR) model to identify subfield-scale hydrologic classes in dryland cropping systems using the Budyko framework

Abstract Crop yield patterns at the field level in dryland agricultural systems often trace back to the spatial structure of water storage and subsurface flow paths. These lateral flow paths create zones of saturation that promote nutrient loss from runoff and leaching beneath the root zone. Despite its clear importance, a spatially explicit representation of landscape hydrology is frequently missing from site-specific crop and fertilizer management plans. This work uses the grid-based water balance model, SMR (soil moisture routing), to adapt an established method of hydrologic classification, the Budyko framework, for small agricultural watersheds. The model was evaluated with spatially distributed soil moisture data and surface runoff measurements in four annually cropped fields located across the eastern Palouse region of the inland Pacific Northwest. The Budyko framework, modified to include change in root zone water storage and lateral flow, was combined with a separate indicator of yield potential to form a dual-threshold classification scheme for variable-rate fertilizer management that balances agronomic benefit with environmental impact. Each field was divided into zones based on crop yield and nitrogen loss potentials, which link to the hydrologic functioning of the landscape through soil water storage and subsurface redistribution, respectively. Results showed large variability in the annual water balance assessed within individual fields and between fields. The greatest variability was observed in the two eastern-most fields where the wettest zone of each had water supply 172% and 137% that of the dry zone. Depth to a hydraulic restrictive layer and topography were identified as primary landscape controls on the water supply (precipitation plus net lateral flow minus change in water storage) in these fields. Moreover, the steep climate gradient in the region created field-to-field variability in water balance with the ratio of evapotranspiration to precipitation ranging from 91% in the western-most field to approximately 70% in each of the fields to the east. The clearest choice is for growers to apply more fertilizer in areas with high water storage capacity and high crop yield and where fertilizer loss through leaching and runoff is minimal. Less fertilizer should be applied in areas with low water storage capacity that frequently saturate. Areas with high storage capacity and frequent saturation involve a tradeoff between yields and minimizing fertilizer loss that may be best served by splitting fertilizer application to avoid excessive over-winter leaching losses. Even though remote sensing and variable-rate applicators are at the frontiers of precision agriculture, landscape hydrology underlies all dryland crop production and should accordingly be looked to for inspiration in the design of cropping systems.
PICS: a platform for planar imaging of curved surfaces of brain and other tissue

Optical imaging of wholemount tissue samples provides greater understanding of structure–function relationships as the architecture of these specimens is generally well preserved. However, difficulties arise when attempting to stitch together images of multiple regions of larger, oddly shaped specimens. These difficulties include (1) maintaining consistent signal-to-noise ratios when the overlying sample surface is uneven, (2) ensuring sample viability when live samples are required, and (3) stabilizing the specimen in a fixed position in a flowing medium without distorting the tissue sample. To address these problems, we designed a simple and cost-efficient device that can be 3D-printed and machined. The design for the device, named the Platform for Planar Imaging of Curved Surfaces (PICS), consists of a sample holder, or “cap” with gaps for fluid flow and a depression for securing the sample in a fixed position without glue or pins, a basket with two arms that move along an external radius to rotate the sample around a central axis, and a customizable platform designed to fit on a commercially available temperature control system for slice electrophysiology. We tested the system using wholemounts of the murine subventricular zone (SVZ), which has a high degree of curvature, to assess sample viability and image quality through cell movement for over an hour for each sample. Using the PICS system, tissues remained viable throughout the imaging sessions, there were no noticeable decreases in the image SNR across an imaging plane, and there was no noticeable displacement of the specimen due to fluid flow.
Development of Zinc Chelating Resin Polymer Beads for the Removal of Cell-Free Hemoglobin.

Red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis is one of the most common storage lesions in packed RBCs (pRBC). Older units of pRBCs, especially those > 21 days old, have increasing levels of hemolysis leading to increased oxidative stress and premature platelet activation. This effect can mostly be attributed to the increase of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb). Therefore, removal of cell-free Hb from pRBCs prior to transfusion could mitigate these deleterious effects. We propose a new method for the removal of Hb from pRBCs using zinc beads. Prepared Hb solutions and pRBCs were treated with zinc beads using two different protocols. UV–Vis spectrophotometry was used to determine Hb concentrations, before and after treatment. Experiments were run in triplicate and paired t tests were used to determine significant differences between groups. Zinc beads removed on average 94% of cell-free Hb within 15 min and 78% Hb from pRBCs (p < 0.0001), demonstrating a maximum binding capacity ~ 66.2 ± 0.7 mg Hb/mL beads. No differences in RBC morphology or deformability were observed after treatment. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using zinc beads for the rapid and targeted removal of Hb from pRBC units. Further investigation is needed to scale this method for large volume removal.
A barium germanium nitride, Ba3Ge2N2, containingx1|Ge2− and GeN24− anions

Abstract Single crystals of a ternary nitride, Ba 3 Ge 2 N 2 , were synthesized by the reaction of Ba and Ge with N form NaN 1 in a Na melt by slow cooling from 750 C. The structure as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction is monoclinic space group P2 1 /m with Z = 2, and has lattice parameters a = 9.61196(6), b = 4.0466(2), c = 10.1337A β = 113.553(41). The structure consiss of angular nitrodometallate anions of |GeN 2 | and prisos of |Ba 1 Ge] 1 condensed in one dimensions to firm zigzag Zintl anions x 1 |Ge 2− . The Ge N bond length in the |GeN 2 ] 1 anions (L88 A) is similar to those found in the linear MN 2 2 anions, while the Ge Ge bond in the Ge 2 chains (2.50A) is only slightly larger than in elemental Ge (2.45A).
Developing HL7 CDA-Based Data Warehouse for the Use of Electronic Health Record Data for Secondary Purposes

Background The growing availability of clinical and administrative data collected in electronic health records (EHRs) have led researchers and policy makers to implement data warehouses to improve the reuse of EHR data for secondary purposes. This approach can take advantages from a unique source of information that collects data from providers across multiple organizations. Moreover, the development of a data warehouse benefits from the standards adopted to exchange data provided by heterogeneous systems. Objective This article aims to design and implement a conceptual framework that semiautomatically extracts information collected in Health Level 7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) documents stored in an EHR and transforms them to be loaded in a target data warehouse. Results The solution adopted in this article supports the integration of the EHR as an operational data store in a data warehouse infrastructure. Moreover, data structure of EHR clinical documents and the data warehouse modeling schemas are analyzed to define a semiautomatic framework that maps the primitives of the CDA with the concepts of the dimensional model. The case study successfully tests this approach. Conclusion The proposed solution guarantees data quality using structured documents already integrated in a large-scale infrastructure, with a timely updated information flow. It ensures data integrity and consistency and has the advantage to be based on a sample size that covers a broad target population. Moreover, the use of CDAs simplifies the definition of extract, transform, and load tools through the adoption of a conceptual framework that load the information stored in the CDA in the data warehouse.
An Examination of Insubordination as a Response to Abusive Supervision

Despite the prevalence and impact of interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace, our knowledge of insubordination remains remarkably incomplete. We define insubordination as “subordinates’ disobed...
Simultaneous Synchronization and Detection in Loosely Synchronized Tiny Packet Networks

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are anticipated to bloom in the future, and two popular industry areas related to Internet of Things (IoT) are smart houses and smart factories. To make a home or factory smart, hundreds or thousands of sensors need to work and communicate together with simple, secure and stable connectivity. Thus, the design of smart homes and smart factories relies on wireless sensor networks, whose transmission is often characterized to be sporadic. Classical approaches to multiuser communications rely on tight time synchronization achieved by employing coordinating infrastructure, but in a mass sensor transmission system, sensors may communicate with each other directly without relying on coordinating mechanisms. Our study explores the possibilities of simple and reliable multiuser detection in DS-CDMA system for few data and short distance mass sensor connectivity with joint synchronization of data. Furthermore, we discussed a scenario where spreading sequences are overused. We show that our system has strong potential for excellent mass sensors detection performance without synchronizing infrastructure.
Between a Rock and the Kasbah: Tourism Gentrification, Cultural Repackaging, and Identity in Tangier:

This article explores the impact of tourism gentrification on the residents of the Kasbah in the city of Tangier, Morocco. It utilizes qualitative methods to reveal how the Kasbah has become a site...
Drought-induced biomass burning as a source of black carbon to the central Himalaya since 1781 CE as reconstructed from the Dasuopu ice core

Abstract. Himalayan glaciers are melting due to atmospheric warming, with the potential to limit access to water for more than 25 % of the global population that resides in these glacier meltwater catchments. Black carbon has been implicated as a factor that is contributing to Himalayan glacier melt, but its sources and mechanisms of delivery to the Himalayas remain controversial. Here, we provide a 211-year ice core record spanning 1781–1992 CE for refractory black carbon (rBC) deposition from the Dasuopu glacier ice core that has to date provided the highest-elevation ice core record (7200 m). We report an average rBC concentration of 1.5 µg L−1 ( SD=5.0 , n=1628 ) over the 211-year period. An increase in the frequency and magnitude of rBC deposition occurs after 1877 CE, accompanied by decreased snow accumulation associated with a shift in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index to a positive phase. Typically, rBC is deposited onto Dasuopu glacier during the non-monsoon season, and short-lived increases in rBC concentration are associated with periods of drought within neighboring regions in northwestern India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Using a combination of spectral and back-trajectory analyses, as well as a comparison with a concurrent analysis of trace metals at equivalent depths in the same ice core, we show that biomass burning resulting from dry conditions is a source of rBC to the central Himalaya and is responsible for deposition that is up to 60 times higher than the average rBC concentration over the time period analyzed. We suggest that biomass burning is a significant source of rBC to the central Himalaya and that the rBC record can be used to identify periods of drought in nearby regions that are upwind of Dasuopu glacier.
Theoretische onderbouwing: risicofactoren voor crimineel gedrag en maatregelen ter vermindering van recidive

Theoretische inzichten in de bredere wisselwerking tussen jongeren en hun omgeving zijn van vitaal belang voor het beoordelen van het risico op crimineel gedrag, alsmede voor en de daarmee samenhangende inzet van maatregelen. Vanuit deze benadering van ‘het individu in zijn omgeving’, komen in dit artikel zowel theorieen aan bod over risicofactoren voor crimineel gedrag op basis van individuele kenmerken, als ook theorieen over risicofactoren die gerelateerd zijn aan het gezin, de vriendenkring (peers) en de leefgemeenschap van de jongere; theorieen die uitgaan van de verwevenheid van het individu met zijn omgeving. Verder besteden we in dit artikel aandacht aan het theoretisch overzicht van Carpiano en Daley, van maatregelen die worden ingezet ter vermindering van recidive. Dit overzicht opent met het brede ecologische kader, waarna de focus steeds verder wordt versmald, tot op het niveau van de cognitieve processen die gedachten en gedragingen beinvloeden. Het theoretisch kader van de risicokenmerken biedt inzicht in de context waarin minderjarigen delicten plegen, en het voorziet in aanknopingspunten voor de jeugdhulp en jeugdreclassering. Het theoretisch kader voor (reclasserings)maatregelen omvat ook de verwevenheid van jongeren met hun omgeving en het sociaal leren (social learning). Reclasseringswerkers zijn in de praktijk belast met het beoordelen van clienten; ter bepaling van risicofactoren, het opstellen van behandeldoelen en het doorverwijzen naar gespecialiseerde justitiele diensten of jeugdhulpaanbieders. Voor deze praktijkmedewerkers en -instellingen is het van groot belang dat hun interventies en beoordelingsmiddelen theoretisch goed onderbouwd zijn en daarbij rekening is gehouden met alle relevante facetten, dus zowel met kenmerken van de jongere zelf als met kenmerken van het gezin, de vriendenkring en de gemeenschap waartoe hij of zij behoort.
An Approach to a Patient with Suspected Autonomic and Sleep Dysfunction

This chapter briefly outlines the steps for an approach to a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of autonomic dysfunction with or without sleep complaints.
Promoting equity in breastfeeding through peer counseling: the US Breastfeeding Heritage and Pride program

In the United States, Black and Hispanic mothers have lower breastfeeding rates compared with White mothers. To address breastfeeding inequities, the Breastfeeding Heritage and Pride program (BHP) provides breastfeeding support for predominately low-income minority mothers in Connecticut and Massachusetts. We described the process of designing BHP, the program model, and its impact on breastfeeding outcomes. This BHP case study is based on in-depth interviews with BHP designers and implementers, peer counselors, and clients; a literature review of BHP impact evaluation studies; and a review of BHP materials. To guide the analysis and organize results, we used the Community Energy Balance Framework, an equity-oriented, multi-level framework for fostering healthy lifestyles. The Hispanic Health Council designed BHP to address barriers to breastfeeding identified through formative qualitative research with the Latino community, namely lack of role models, limited social support, embarrassment when breastfeeding in public, lack of breastfeeding knowledge, and a norm of formula feeding. According to the BHP model, clients receive education and support through in-person home and hospital visits supplemented by phone calls, beginning prenatally and continuing through one year postpartum. Counseling is delivered by peer counselors, women who have successfully breastfed, have similar cultural roots and life experiences as the clients they serve, and have completed intensive training on lactation management and communication skills. International Board Certified Lactation Consultants provide clinical guidance and ongoing training to peer counselors, as well as direct support to clients, if more specialized knowledge and clinical expertise is needed. Clients facing housing and food insecurity or other socio-economic obstacles that may negatively influence breastfeeding and health and well-being more broadly are connected to other health and social services needed to address their social determinants of health needs, including health care access and food and rent assistance programs. To continuously improve service delivery, BHP has a robust monitoring and evaluation system. In two randomized-controlled trials, BHP was shown to improve breastfeeding initiation and duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. BHP highlights the importance of community-engaged formative research for informing breastfeeding program design. It also provides an evidence-based example of a program model that offers a continuum of breastfeeding support, considers cultural-contextual influences on breastfeeding and social determinants of health, and incorporates continuous quality improvement.
Lost Childhood: Growing Up in an Alcoholic Family, by Emerald Yea, Inc./Young Broadcasting of San Francisco, Inc., and Foo Foo Dust, by Gina Levy and Eric Johnson, New Day Films

Diverging from the journal's traditional book review structure, the editorial team includes the review of two films that might be of interest to readers of this special issue on children with paren...
PROTEX: a proton-recoil detector for ICF fusion neutrons

Summary form only given, as follows. Fusion neutron diagnostics are important to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) because they characterize the fusion performance and help to provide the understanding that is needed to develop higher-yield sources. Present yields in excess of 10/sup 13/ (D,T) neutrons can be measured with a proton-recoil detector. This technique, which has not been practical with lower yields, is desirable because it provides prompt, accurate, and unambiguous results. The design that is described in this paper features a compact coaxial cylindrical geometry that optimizes sensitivity and provides in-situ independent recording of background signals. The design also allows for simple adjustments that will make possible consistent measurement of ICF sources as their yields increase to National Ignition Facility levels. At these levels, the proton-recoil technique also will serve as the basis of more detailed studies such as spectral measurements, or perhaps even energy-resolved imaging.
Square-root arrays and Chandrasekhar recursions for H/sup /spl infin// problems

Using their previous observation that H/sup /spl infin// filtering coincides with Kalman filtering in Krein space the authors develop square-root arrays and Chandrasekhar recursions for H/sup /spl infin// filtering problems. The H/sup /spl infin// square-root algorithms involve propagating the indefinite square-root of the quantities of interest and have the property that the appropriate inertia of these quantities is preserved. For systems that are constant, or whose time-variation is structured in a certain way, the Chandrasekhar recursions allow a reduction in the computational effort per iteration from O(n/sup 3/) to O(n/sup 2/), where n is the number of states. The H/sup /spl infin// square-root and Chandrasekhar recursions both have the interesting feature that one does not need to explicitly check for the positivity conditions required of the H/sup /spl infin// filters. These conditions are built into the algorithms themselves so that an H/sup /spl infin// estimator of the desired level exists if, and only if, the algorithms can be executed. >
Social Network Computing

A ubiquitous wearable computing infrastructure is now firmly entrenched within organizations across the globe, yet much of its potential remains untapped. This paper describes how the handheld computers and mobile phones in today’s organizations can be used to quantify face-to-face interactions and to infer aspects about a user’s situation, enabling more creative and transparent functioning of human organizations.
Possibility theory vs. probability theory in decision analysis

In decision analysis, information analysis, reliability theory, control theory, choice theory, game theory and most other theories in which the concept of uncertainty plays an important role, it has long been -- and continues to be -- an unquestion assumption that uncertainty is a concomitant of randomness and, as such, should be treated by the methods provided by probability theory. However, as we learn more about the issues relating to uncertainty, it is becoming increasingly clear that randomness and uncertainty are by no means coextensive concepts, and that uncertainty has two distinct facets -- fuzziness and randomness -- both of which play basic roles in human reasoning, decision-making and concept formation.
Isotope effects in molecular mechanics (MM2). Calculations deuterium compounds

Parameters have been derived so as to enable the inclusion of deuterium in the MM2 molecular mechanics force field. Several compounds were studied and the results are compared with experiment. The results are never qualitatively wrong, but the accuracy ranges from excellent to only fair. They are quite good for hydrocarbons, but less so for ketones.
Nuclear medicine imaging and therapy: gender biases in disease.

Gender-based medicine is medical research and care conducted with conscious consideration of the sex and gender differences of subjects and patients. This issue of Seminars is focused on diseases for which nuclear medicine is part of routine management and for which the diseases have sex- or gender-based differences that affect incidence or pathophysiology and that thus have differences that can potentially affect the results of the relevant nuclear medicine studies. In this first article, we discuss neurologic diseases, certain gastrointestinal conditions, and thyroid conditions. The discussion is in the context of those sex- or gender-based aspects of these diseases that should be considered in the performance, interpretation, and reporting of the relevant nuclear medicine studies. Cardiovascular diseases, gynecologic diseases, bone conditions such as osteoporosis, pediatric occurrences of some diseases, human immunodeficiency virus–related conditions, and the radiation dose considerations of nuclear medicine studies are discussed in the other articles in this issue.
RSK2 Protein Suppresses Integrin Activation and Fibronectin Matrix Assembly and Promotes Cell Migration

Modulation of integrin activation is important in many cellular functions including adhesion, migration, and assembly of the extracellular matrix. RSK2 functions downstream of Ras/Raf and promotes tumor cell motility and metastasis. We therefore investigated whether RSK2 affects integrin function. We report that RSK2 mediates Ras/Raf inactivation of integrins. As a result, we find that RSK2 impairs cell adhesion and integrin-mediated matrix assembly and promotes cell motility. Active RSK2 appears to affect integrins by reducing actin stress fibers and disrupting focal adhesions. Moreover, RSK2 co-localizes with the integrin activator talin and is present at integrin cytoplasmic tails. It is thereby in a position to modulate integrin activation and integrin-mediated migration. Activation of RSK2 promotes filamin phosphorylation and binding to integrins. We also find that RSK2 is activated in response to integrin ligation to fibronectin. Thus, RSK2 could participate in a feedback loop controlling integrin function. These results reveal RSK2 as a key regulator of integrin activity and provide a novel mechanism by which it may promote cell migration and cancer metastasis.
NEUTRON ACTIVATION AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF OIL PAINTINGS

A very moderate, non-destructive radioactivation of oil paintings, induced by thermal neutron bombardment, such that approximately only one in 1012 of the atoms comprising any painting is transformed into a radioactive species, has been found to produce temporary radioactivity sufficient to expose photographic film placed in direct contact with the paintings. The resulting autoradiographs resemble conventional X-radiographs in that they reveal structural details in depth of both the painting and its support. Since the radioactivities arising from the different elements within a painting decay in different manners and at different rates, a series of significantly distinct auto radiographs can be obtained of any painting by making exposures through appropriate filters and at varying times following the original activation. Analysis of such a series of autoradiographs permits the identification of a number of the pigments used in a painting, together with information about the manner in which they were origi...
Slotted-plate device to measure the yield behavior of powders : FEM analysis

We employed the slotted-plate device to measure the yield behavior of TiO 2 and Y 2 O 3 powders with different bulk densities. By considering Janssen's theory (Janssen, H. A. Z. Ver. deutscher Ing. 1895, 39 (35), 1045-1049), we assumed that the shear stress is linearly distributed at the powder-plate interface when the plate is placed close to the free surface of powders. Hence, the averaged shear stress along the powder-plate interface, which was measured in the experiment, denotes the shear stress at the midheight points on this surface. In addition, by considering the classical Coulomb and Mohr's yield function, we have derived a fourth-order algebraic equation to solve for the friction coefficient under the condition of zero cohesion. Finite element computation was performed by employing the double shearing model, which is widely used for granular materials. We implemented the constitutive equations of the double shearing model in the finite element method (FEM) program ABAQUS/Explicit (ABAQUS, Reference Manuals; Hibbitt, Karlsson and Sorensen, Inc.: Pawtucket, RI, 2001) by writing a user material subroutine. We first verified the assumption of linear distribution of shear stress along the powder-plate interface, and then we compared the computational results with that of the experimental data and found that they are in good agreement.
Vascular Lumen Formation: Negativity Will Tear Us Apart

Functional blood vessels are essential for vertebrate development, but how endothelial cells initiate lumen formation during vasculogenesis is not known. A new study now reveals that electrostatic repulsion is key.
Predictors of Abstinence: National Institute of Drug Abuse Multisite Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment Trial in Opioid-Dependent Youth

Objective: To examine predictors of opioid abstinence in buprenorphine/naloxone (Bup/ Nal)-assisted psychosocial treatment for opioid-dependent youth. Method: Secondary analyses were performed of data from 152 youth (15–21 years old) randomly assigned to 12 weeks of extended Bup/Nal therapy or up to 2 weeks of Bup/Nal detoxification with weekly individual and group drug counseling. Logistic regression models were constructed to identify baseline and during-treatment predictors of opioid-positive urine (OPU) at week 12. Predictors were selected based on significance or trend toward significance (i.e., p .1), and backward stepwise selection was used, controlling for treatment group, to produce final independent predictors at p .05. Results: Youth presenting to treatment with previous 30-day injection drug use and more active medical/psychiatric problems were less likely to have a week-12 OPU. Those with early treatment opioid abstinence (i.e., weeks 1 and 2) and those who received additional nonstudy treatments during the study were less likely to have a week-12 OPU and those not completing 12 weeks of treatment were more likely to have an OPU. Conclusions: Youth with advanced illness (i.e., reporting injection drug use and additional health problems) and those receiving ancillary treatments to augment study treatment were more likely to have lower opioid use. Treatment success in the first 2 weeks and completion of 12 weeks of treatment were associated with lower rates of OPU. These findings suggest that youth with advanced illness respond well to Bup/Nal treatment and identify options for tailoring treatment for opioiddependent youth presenting at community-based settings. Clinical trial registration information— Buprenorphine/Naloxone-Facilitated Rehabilitation for Opioid Dependent Adolescents; http:// www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00078130. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2011;50(11): 1120 –1128. Key Words: treatment predictors, opioid dependent youth, buprenorphine treatment
Planetary-Scale Climatology of Explosive Cyclogenesis and Blocking

Abstract A climatology of the relationship between explosive cyclogenesis and atmospheric blocking has been constructed from an investigation of sea level pressure and 500-mb height analyses over the Northern Hemisphere during seven winter seasons. Planetary-scale 500-mb geostrophic u and v wind components and component anomalies (u′ and v′) were calculated over each explosive cyclone center and compared to the times and locations of block onsets. Blocking episodes were defined by the persistence, for at least 5 days, of negative zonal index (500-mb height at 40°N less than that at 60°N) spanning at least 18.75° of longitude. Thirty-three percent (43%) of the explosive cyclones that were not analyzed during blocking episodes over the Atlantic (Pacific) sector of the Northern Hemisphere and over which there were anomalously strong planetary-scale southerly winds (v′ > 0), anomalously weak westerly winds (u′ u/2 were followed, in not more than 5 days and within 60° of longitude, by the onset o...
A simple method for separating unbound and bound cortisol in a radioimmunoassay

Abstract A cortisol radioimmunoassay in which unbound cortisol is partitioned into the organic phase of a toluene:water scintillation fluid mix at 0 to 5°C is described. Antibody-bound cortisol remained in the aqueous phase. Since liquid scintillation spectrometers detect photons generated from the [3H]cortisol only in the organic phase, the system effectively separates antibody bound from unbound [3H]cortisol. Regression coefficients including linear, quadratic, and cubic components of standard curves were between 0.980 and 0.999. Cross-reactivity was 3% or less with 11 other steroids and cholesterol except for cortisone (16%) and prednisone (12%). Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 8 and 13%, respectively. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was 1.4 ng/ml. Recoveries of added mass a veraged 97.5%. The correlation between concentrations of glucocorticoids assayed by competitive binding to dog plasma and the current procedure was 0.90. The assay procedure described simplifies separation of unbound from antibody-bound cortisol.