cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maximizing fuel production rates in isothermal solar thermochemical fuel production

Production of chemical fuels by isothermal pressure-swing cycles has recently generated significant interest. In this process a reactive oxide is cyclically exposed to an inert gas, which induces partial reduction of the oxide, and to an oxidizing gas of either H_2O or CO_2, which reoxidizes the oxide, releasing H_2 or CO. At sufficiently high temperatures and sufficiently low gas flow rates, both the reduction and oxidation steps become limited only by the flow of gas across the material and not by material kinetic factors. In this contribution, we develop a numerical model describing fuel production rates in this gas-phase limited regime. The implications of this behavior are explored under all possible isothermal pressure-swing cycling conditions, and the outcome is optimized in terms of fuel production rate as well as fuel conversion and utilization of input gas of all types. Fuel production rate is maximized at infinitesimally small cycle times and attains a value that is independent of material thermodynamics. Gas utilization is maximized at infinitesimally small gas inputs, but the values can be made independent of cycle time, depending on manipulation of flow conditions. Gas-phase conditions (temperature, oxidant and reductant gas partial pressures, and CO_2 vs H_2O as oxidant) have a strong impact on fuel production metrics. Under realistic, finite cycle times, material thermodynamics play a measurable role in establishing fuel production rates.
The Mediating Roles of Rejection Sensitivity and Proximal Stress in the Association Between Discrimination and Internalizing Symptoms Among Sexual Minority Women

The negative impact of discrimination on mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations has been well documented. However, the possible mediating roles of sexual orientation rejection sensitivity and rejection-based proximal stress in the association between discrimination and internalizing symptoms remain unclear. Rejection-based proximal stress is a subset of proximal stressors that are theorized to arise from concerns about and expectations of sexual orientation-based rejection and discrimination. Drawing on minority stress theory, we tested potential mediating effects using indirect effects structural equation modeling in a sample of 300 sexual minority women. Results indicated that the indirect effect of discrimination on internalizing symptoms (a latent variable indicated by depression and anxiety symptoms) through sexual orientation rejection sensitivity and rejection-based proximal stress (a latent variable indicated by preoccupation with stigma, concealment motivation, and difficulty developing a positive sexual identity) was significant. Additionally, the indirect effects of discrimination on rejection-based proximal stress through sexual orientation rejection sensitivity and of sexual orientation rejection sensitivity on internalizing symptoms through rejection-based proximal stress were also significant. These findings indicate that sexual orientation rejection sensitivity plays an important role in contributing to rejection-based proximal stress and internalizing symptoms among sexual minority women.
A class of reduced order filters designed for state dependent noise

In this paper we seek to extend reduced order filtering results to problems with state dependent noise. A continuous time problem is considered, and the matrix minimum principle is used to obtain a solution. The result obtained has the advantage of requiring fewer calculations than the optimal full order linear filter. The reduced order filter may then be applicable to large scale systems where the full order filter would not be appropriate due to the large number of calculations required.
The Relationship of Older Adults' Physical Pain to Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review.

BACKGROUND Physical pain is very common in older age and is often accompanied by depressive as well as PTSD symptomatology. Many conceptualizations of the comorbidity of pain with depression and with PTSD exist, but they need to be tested on older adult populations. PURPOSE This article covers existing literature on the relation between depression and pain in older age, as well as between older adults' PTSD and pain. Additionally, several physiological, cognitive, and behavioral conceptualizations of why depression and PTSD are often related to pain are presented. METHODS The PsychInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles by utilizing the following terms in combination with chronic pain (as well as with pain alone): aging, older adults, elderly, depression, depressive, post-traumatic stress, and PTSD. Additionally, Thomson Reuters Web of Science database searches were conducted using the terms "elderly (and older adults) pain depression PTSD." This review includes various articles that conceptualize the pain-depression, pain-PTSD, and pain-depression-PTSD links, yet, due to space limitations, the review is not comprehensive. Several pertinent reviews are referenced throughout the paper for readers interested in obtaining additional information in this area. RESULTS Depression and PTSD are comorbidities for pain at any age, and are characterized by several and often complex mechanisms that can exacerbate pain. CONCLUSION The comorbidity of pain and factors such as depression and PTSD in older age should be addressed in more research studies, as few investigations are available in this area on the general population of older individuals. This is particularly the case for non-Caucasian older adults living with chronic pain.
Expanding computer science education in schools: understanding teacher experiences and challenges

AbstractThe increased push for teaching computer science (CS) in schools in the United States requires training a large number of new K-12 teachers. The current efforts to increase the number of CS teachers have predominantly focused on training teachers from other content areas. In order to support these beginning CS teachers, we need to better understand their experiences and challenges encountered in the classroom. This study investigated U.S. CS teachers’ perspectives on the demands of teaching computer science and support needed to ensure quality teaching. Results suggested that teachers face a number of challenges, including isolation, lack of adequate computer science background, and limited professional development resources.
Dysregulation of MMSET Is Tumorigenic In-Vivo.

Abstract Approximately 15% of multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a t(4;14) translocation that causes the simultaneous dysregulation of MMSET on der(4) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) on der(14). We reported several lines of evidence indicating a role for FGFR3 in myeloma tumorigenesis. First, activated FGFR3 is an oncogene capable of transforming fibroblasts. Second, FGFR3 activating mutations are acquired by MM cells during tumor progression. Third, targeted inhibition of FGFR3 leads to terminal differentiation and apoptosis in two t(4;14) MM cell lines. However, expression of FGFR3, but never of MMSET, is lost in about 25% of t(4;14) MM. Therefore, the overexpression of MMSET in all MM tumors with a t(4;14) translocation, and its homology to MLL, the oncogene on 11q23 translocated in acute leukemia suggest a critical role for MMSET in MM. To determine whether MMSET is an oncogene in vivo, we have generated transgenic mice in which MMSET expression in driven in lymphocytes by the lck proximal promoter juxtaposed to the Emu enhancer. Using the same expression vector we and others have obtained specific, high levels of transgene expression in B and T cells from spleen, bone marrow and thymus. Four transgenic lines were generated and although we detected MMSET expression in T cells in each of them, unexpectedly no expression in B cells was seen. This is consistent with our inability to ectopically express MMSET in B cell lines. Nevertheless B lymphoid tumors expressing MMSET developed at 23 month of age in each line (18/51 mice). Only 1/19 wild type matching control mice developed a splenomegaly. By Southern blot, monoclonal rearrangements of IgH, IgL and TCR β were detected within the same tumor population. In conclusion, this is the first report that MMSET is an oncogene capable of transforming lymphoid cells in an animal model. We are currently crossing these mice with FGFR3 transgenic mice to assess cooperation between these two oncogenes in tumorigenesis. Obviously a more restricted expression of MMSET in germinal center cells is required to investigate the role of MMSET in MM. Therefore, as we have done for c-myc, we are generating new transgenic mice in which MMSET expression will be activated sporadically in germinal center B cells by somatic hypermutation.
Physical Function and Physical Activity in Obese Adults After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Obese patients are more likely to have osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This investigation sought to evaluate physical function, activity level, and quality of life (QOL). Obese participants near 1-year postsurgical follow-up appointment were recruited. Evaluation included QOL and activity questionnaire, medical histories, anthropometrics, strength, and aerobic capacity. Sixty participants completed assessments. Obese TKA patients have physical performance limitations and low physical activity levels 1 year after surgery and completion of postoperative rehabilitation.
On delamination toughening of a 14YWT nanostructured ferritic alloy

Abstract The FCRD NFA-1 is a high strength, irradiation tolerant nanostructured ferritic alloy (NFA) produced by ball milling argon atomized Fe-14Cr-3W-0.35Ti-0.25Y (wt.%) and FeO powders, followed by hot extrusion at 850 °C, and subsequent annealing and cross-rolling at 1000 °C. The microstructure of the resulting ≈10 mm thick NFA-1 plate is dominated by ultrafine sub-micron pancake shaped grains, and a large population of microcracks lying on planes parallel to the plate faces. Pre-cracked fracture toughness tests in four different orientations (L-T, T-L, L-S and T-S) show stable crack growth by ductile tearing, with peak load K Jc from ≈ 88 to 154 MPa√m at ambient temperature. Stable crack tearing persists down to ≈ −175 °C and is accompanied by extensive delamination due to the propagation of the microcracks. Depending on the specimen orientation, this unusual toughening mechanism is either due to a reduction of crack tip stresses in thin ligaments formed by the delaminations (L-T and T-L), or 90° deflection of cracks initially running normal to the delaminations (L-S and T-S), thereby suppressing cleavage in both cases. Understanding the fracture processes in NFA-1 is also important to its irradiation tolerance in nuclear service as well as its fabricability in making defect-free components such as thin-walled tubing.
Tri-layer nanoindentation for mechanical characterization of ultra-low-k dielectrics

Recently the mechanical properties of nano-porous ultra-low-k (ULK) dielectric thin films have been characterized by nanoindentation using a tri-layer sample configuration. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) silica was coated on the fragile ULK thin film to protect it from direct contact with nanoindenter tip. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of TEOS thickness, and to propose rules to design the tri-layer sample.
Patterns of Variation in the Cranial Osteology of Three Species of Endemic Australian Lizards (Ctenophorus: Squamata: Agamidae): Implications for the Fossil Record and Morphological Analyses made with Limited Sample Sizes

Abstract Australian Agamidae often are recovered from Australian Cenozoic fossil deposits but remain largely unidentified and unpublished. Accurate fossil identification could expand our understanding of the origin, distribution, evolution, and extinction of Australian agamid species over geologic time. We began to address this issue by critically examining skeletal morphologic features that were previously proposed for Australian Agamidae. We compared 60 morphological features (44 from the literature and 16 new features) for three taxa of the most speciose of the Australian agamid genera, Ctenophorus caudicinctus (n = 18), Ctenophorus isolepis (n = 20), and Ctenophorus reticulatus (n = 20). Of the 180 morphological features (60 per species) that were expected to be invariant for all specimens within a species, only 39 did not vary. All taxa have at least one unique feature that did not vary with ontogeny (i.e., apomorphy). Invariant features also are shared between two species or all three. Seventeen mor...
Evaluating the stability of DSM-5 PTSD symptom network structure in a national sample of U.S. military veterans

Background Previous studies have used network models to investigate how PTSD symptoms associate with each other. However, analyses examining the degree to which these networks are stable over time, which are critical to identifying symptoms that may contribute to the chronicity of this disorder, are scarce. In the current study, we evaluated the temporal stability of DSM-5 PTSD symptom networks over a three-year period in a nationally representative sample of trauma-exposed U.S. military veterans. Methods Data were analyzed from 611 trauma-exposed U.S. military veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). We estimated regularized partial correlation networks of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms at baseline (Time 1) and at three-year follow-up (Time 2), and examined their temporal stability. Results Evaluation of the network structure of PTSD symptoms at Time 1 and Time 2 using a formal network comparison indicated that the Time 1 network did not differ significantly from the Time 2 network with regard to network structure (p = 0.12) or global strength (sum of all absolute associations, i.e. connectivity; p = 0.25). Centrality estimates of both networks (r = 0.86) and adjacency matrices (r = 0.69) were highly correlated. In both networks, avoidance, intrusive, and negative cognition and mood symptoms were among the more central nodes. Limitations This study is limited by the use of a self-report instrument to assess PTSD symptoms and recruitment of a relatively homogeneous sample of predominantly older, Caucasian veterans. Conclusion Results of this study demonstrate the three-year stability of DSM-5 PTSD symptom network structure in a nationally representative sample of trauma-exposed U.S. military veterans. They further suggest that trauma-related avoidance, intrusive, and dysphoric symptoms may contribute to the chronicity of PTSD symptoms in this population.
Effect of the presence of brood on the behavior and nutrient levels of emerging individuals in field colonies of Polistes metricus

Caste determination in social insects with morphologically distinct castes occurs during a critical period during the larval stage. In contrast, in social insects without morphologically distinct castes the time of eclosion can act as an additional critical period. A number of cues have been identified that influence caste differentiation in social insects but to date, most of the studies have used physiological correlates to determine the effects of these cues on caste determination. Few studies have measured behavioral differences in a natural setting. In this field study, the behavioral and nutritional profiles of individuals of the paper wasp Polistes metricus emerging on nests with and without larvae were determined and compared to emerging workers and gynes from unmanipulated colonies. Based on previous studies, it was predicted that individuals eclosing on nests with larvae would have similar profiles to workers and those eclosing on nests without larvae would have similar profiles to gynes. Individuals that emerged on colonies with larvae had similar behavioral and nutritional profiles to workers as expected. Individuals that emerged on nests without larvae had behavioral and nutritional profiles that were in between workers and gynes and showed signs of active reproduction and nest construction. The results of this study were combined with those of other studies into a model that proposes that there are three thresholds, one in response to photoperiod, one during the larval stage, and one during eclosion that determines if individuals will be workers, active reproducers, or overwintering gynes. This model provides a more complete picture of caste determination in Polistes.
Regularized Solutions of a Nonlinear Convolution Equation on the Euclidean Group

In this paper we apply Fourier analysis on the two and three dimensional Euclidean motion groups to the solution of a nonlinear convolution equation. First, we review the theory of the irreducible unitary representations of the motion group and discuss the corresponding Fourier transform of functions on the motion group. The main reasons why exact solutions of this convolution equation do not exist in many cases are discussed. Techniques for regularization of the problem and numerical methods for finding approximate solutions are presented. Examples are considered and approximate solutions are found.
Fine structure of collagen: Molecular mechanisms of the interactions of collagen

Collagen is a multifunctional protein which enters into highly specific interactions with many proteins including cell surface receptors. The physiological solid state of collagen complicates explanations of its behavior as a bioactive material, since conformational parameters for collagen molecules are deduced either from X-ray diffraction of fibers, or derived from properties of individual molecules in solution. Physiological interactions of collagen involve molecules on the fiber surface. The anisotropic environment of these molecules can be expected to induce local conformational fluctuations relevant to intermolecular recognition and allosteric binding. We have examined conformational heterogeneity within the triple helix using stereochemical mapping, synthetic polypeptide models, and cryogenic atomic force microscopy. We have identified a 15-residue domain inα1(I) chain residues766GTPGPQGIAGQRGVV780 which shows equal preference for a strand-bend-strand conformation and for the collagen fold. A synthetic peptide analogous to this sequence generates aβ-rich structure in mixed solvents with the central —IA— residues forming the core of aβ-bend. This peptide is a potent force-conducting ligand for collagen receptors, serving as an anchorage for cells for tissue engineering. Our studies provide a rational mechanism for intermolecular recognition based on local conformational tautomerism of a helix-domain sequence.
Properties of a purified NAD-linked α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from Leptomonas sp.; Activation by polyamines

Abstract Cytosolic NAD-linked α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) from a Leptomonas sp. was purified to homogeneity (up to 125-fold) by affinity chromatography on unsubstituted agarose. The purified enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrate required Mg++ for full activity; this was replaceable completely by spermidine and spermine. Other aliphatic amines were not stimulatory. K m 's were: 0.083 mM (spermidine), 0.3 mM (spermine), 10 mM (Mg++); for dihydroxyacetone phosphate, 0.2 mM with spermidine, 0.29 mM and 1.25 mM with spermine and Mg++ as activators respectively. K m 's for NADH were also lower in the presence of polyamines than with Mg++. The molecular weight of the polypeptide by SDS-gel electrophoresis was 43,000; the value for the native enzyme obtained by chromatography on agarose and ultracentrifugation through a linear sucrose gradient was 76,000 and 63,000 respectively.
Recurrent Non Immune Fetal Hydrops Associated With IPEX Syndrome

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) is a clinical syndrome associated with mutations in FOXP3 and consequent abnormalities of T regulatory cells. Affected males typically die in infancy or early childhood from a variety of autoimmune conditions. Reports of recurrent pregnancy loss of male fetuses in these families have been accompanied by descriptions of nonimmune fetal hydrops, with or without additional fetal anomalies. Here, we report an additional family affected by IPEX with a novel mutation leading to recurrent second trimester fetal hydrops and intrauterine fetal demise with associated fetal anomalies. This report underscores how careful genetic and pathologic analysis of even midtrimester fetuses can provide important information impacting an entire family. It also further substantiates the use of broad, symptom-targeted genetic screening panels in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss even in the absence of a remarkable pedigree.
Measurements of ion velocity and wave propagation in a hollow cathode plume

The mechanism responsible for the production of energetic ions in the plume of hollow cathodes for electric propulsion is still an open issue. These ions are of concern to cathode and thruster lifetime, particularly for cathodes operating at high ($agt;$20 A) discharge current. Recent theoretical and experimental investigations suggest that there is a correlation between ion energy gain and ion acoustic turbulence. In this paper we present measurements of the evolution of the ion velocity distribution function in the near plume of a 100 A-class hollow cathode, operated in a regime in which the dominant mode is ion acoustic turbulence. Ion flow and thermal properties were related to measurements of the background plasma, fluctuation spectra, and dispersion relations obtained from an array of Langmuir probes. We found ions to flow outward from the cathode and accelerate downstream, to supersonic speeds, approximately aligned with the acoustic wave group velocity vectors. The directions of the ion flow and wave propagation were similar for a range of discharge currents and mass flow rates in the jet region of the plume. One operating condition showed a significant temperature increase, also in the direction of acoustic wave propagation, corresponding to the highest wave energy condition. These results are interpreted in the context of ion acoustic turbulence as a contributing mechanism for ion energy gain.
Sex ratios at birth vary with environmental harshness but not maternal condition

The sex ratio at birth (SRB) may be patterned by maternal condition and/or environmental stressors. However, despite decades of research, empirical results from across the social and biological sciences are equivocal on this topic. Using longitudinal individual-level data from a US population during the interwar period (1918–1939), inclusive of three distinct eras (Spanish Flu, Roaring ‘20 s, and the Great Depression), we evaluate predictions from two theoretical frameworks used to study patterning in SRB – (1) ‘frail males’ and (2) adaptive sex-biased investment theory (Trivers-Willard). The first approach centers on greater male susceptibility to exogenous stressors and argues that offspring survival should be expected to differ between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ times. The second approach contends that mothers themselves play a direct role in manipulating offspring SRB, and that those in better condition should invest more in sons. In-line with ‘frail male’ predictions, we find that boys are less likely to be born during the environmentally challenging times of the Spanish Flu and Great Depression. However, we find no evidence that maternal condition is associated with sex ratios at birth, a result inconsistent with the Trivers-Willard hypothesis.
Scapulothoracic rhythm affects glenohumeral joint force.

Hypothesis Musculoskeletal computer models provide valuable insights into shoulder biomechanics. The shoulder is a complex joint composed of glenohumeral, scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular articulations, whose function is largely dependent on the many muscles spanning these joints. However, the range of patient-to-patient variability in shoulder function is largely unknown. We therefore assessed the sensitivity of glenohumeral forces to population-based model input parameters that were likely to influence shoulder function. Methods We constructed musculoskeletal models of the shoulder in the AnyBody Modeling System (AnyBody Technology, Aalborg, Denmark). We used inverse dynamics and static optimization to solve for glenohumeral joint forces during a simulated shoulder elevation. We generated 1000 AnyBody models by uniformly distributing the following input parameters: subject height, scapulohumeral rhythm, humeral head radius, and acromiohumeral interval. Results Increasing body height increased glenohumeral joint forces. Increasing the ratio of scapulothoracic to glenohumeral elevation also increased forces. Increasing humeral head radius and acromiohumeral interval decreased forces. The relative sensitivity of glenohumeral joint forces to input parameters was dependent on the angle of shoulder elevation. We developed an efficient method of generating and simulating musculoskeletal models representing a large population of shoulder arthroplasty patients. We found that scapulohumeral rhythm had a significant influence on glenohumeral joint force. Conclusions This finding underscores the importance of more accurately measuring and simulating scapulothoracic motion rather than using fixed ratios or average scapulothoracic motion. This modeling approach can be used to generate virtual populations for conducting efficient simulations and generating statistical conclusions.
Student Perceptions of Diversity in Technical and Professional Communication Academic Programs

This article reports the results of a survey of technical and professional communication (TPC) undergraduate and graduate students regarding their perceptions of diversity in TPC academic programs....
Suggestions for Applying a Phenomenological Approach to Investigations of Mechanical Behavior in SME Alloys

Significant progress in understanding SME alloys has been made in recent years, a fact clearly illustrated by the work presented in recent reviews (1–3) as well as by the research presented at this symposium. Most of this work has been quite basic in nature, aimed at microscopic, crystallographic or thermodynamic interpretation of the observed phenomena. A major success of these efforts lies in the emergence of certain generalities regarding potential alloy systems or the anticipated behavior of known alloy systems. It is generally accepted, for example, that SME systems have in common 1) a thermoelastic martensitic transformation and 2) ordering in both parent and martensite phases. Basic research to further delineate such generalities must of course continue.
Departmental Leadership: Navigating Productive Tension While in a Paradoxical Role

The landscape of higher education is dynamic and calls for faculty and academic administrators to not only prepare those entering the workforce with current skills, knowledge, and values but to do so in an environment that is resourceful with the tools and personnel necessary to educate the citizenry. A critical component in achieving this noble mission is the role of the Department Chair, who spans both the academic and administrative environments. The Department Chair, whether at a public or private institution must serve multiple masters which include, senior academic administrators, departmental faculty, staff, students, parents, alumni, community partners, and donors. The challenges that arise while in this role are many, for example, budgetary, personnel, and academic program accreditation/certification. Successes also do occur as evidenced by enrollment and graduation rates and sincere appreciation from those we have taught. The Department Chair role is essential and deserves to possess the authority necessary to make decisions that are in the best interest of students, faculty, and the academic programs offered. The purpose of this perspective is to offer recommendations, grounded in experience, that may assist the Department Chair in navigating productive tension that can arise while working in this role that is often paradoxical at times.
A narrative solution: The relationship between solutions journalism, narrative transportation, and news trust:

Lack of trust is a paramount problem facing journalism. Solutions reporting, which focuses on credible responses to societal problems, could help improve news trust. In addition, narrative journali...
Prevalence and Characteristics of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Adult Neurogastroenterology Patients.

Background & Aims Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder that is characterized by avoidant or restrictive eating not primarily motivated by body shape or weight concerns. We aimed to determine the frequency of ARFID symptoms and study its characteristics and associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of charts from 410 consecutive referrals (ages, 18–90 y; 73.0% female) to a tertiary care center for neurogastroenterology examination, from January through December 2016. Blinded coders (n = 4) applied Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, criteria for ARFID, with substantial diagnostic agreement (κ = 0.66). Results Twenty-six cases (6.3%) met the full criteria for ARFID and 71 cases (17.3%) had clinically significant avoidant or restrictive eating behaviors with insufficient information for a definitive diagnosis of ARFID. Of patients with ARFID symptoms (n = 97), 90 patients (92.8%) cited fear of gastrointestinal symptoms as motivation for their avoidant or restrictive eating. A series of binary logistic regressions showed that the likelihood of having ARFID symptoms increased significantly in patients with eating- or weight-related complaints (odds ratio [OR], 5.09; 95% CI, 2.54–10.21); with dyspepsia, nausea, or vomiting (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 2.04–6.32); with abdominal pain (OR, 4.72; 95% CI, 1.87–11.81); or with lower GI diagnoses (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.34-4.32). Conclusions In a retrospective study of patients undergoing neurogastroenterology examinations, we found ARFID symptoms to be related most frequently to fear of gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients undergoing neurogastroenterology or motility examinations should be evaluated for symptoms of ARFID, particularly when providers consider dietary interventions.
Tuning Object-Centric Data Management Systems for Large Scale Scientific Applications

Efficient management of scientific data on high-performance computing (HPC) systems has been a challenge, as it often requires knowledge of various hardware and software components of the system, as well as tedious manual effort in optimizing parallel I/O for each application. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that storage systems on upcoming exascale supercomputers are equipped with an unprecedented level of complexity due to a deep storage and memory hierarchy with heterogeneous hardware and their management software. Simple and effective data management methods are critical for numerous scientific applications that are storing and analyzing massive amounts of data on HPC systems. Object-centric data management systems (ODMS) provide an easy-to-use interface, allow for massive scalability with relaxed consistency, and have been gaining popularity in the HPC community. However, tuning an ODMS to achieve its full potential on existing HPC systems with large-scale science use cases still remains a challenging task. In this paper, we explore and evaluate various well-known I/O tuning techniques on a new ODMS called Proactive Data Containers (PDC). Our experiments using real science applications and I/O kernels demonstrate that the benefits of these tuning methods with up to 9X I/O performance speedup over the previous version of PDC, and 47X over a highly optimized HDF5 implementation.
Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints on Skin

Latent fingerprints on skin can be developed by dusting them with fluorescent powders or evaporative staining with fluorescent dyes, followed by laser examination. On dead skin, latent fingerprints could be developed by evaporative staining over time spans up to two days after deposition.
Bringing Stalin Back In: Memory Politics and the Creation of a Useable Past in Putin’s Russia: by Todd H. Nelson, New York, Lexington Books, 2019, xiv and 167 pp., $90.00 (Hardback), ISBN: 978-1-4985-9152-2

Todd H. Nelson is an instructor in political science at Cleveland State University. He earlier served as a Russia subject matter expert for the Global Organized Crime Project at the Center for Stra...
Evaluating the Effect of Leg Position and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Lower Extremity Oxygenation Measured by Noninvasive Tissue Oximetry: A Pilot Study

Background Flap loss is a catastrophic complication following lower extremity reconstructions. Close monitoring can detect circulatory changes, particularly when introducing gravity through dangle protocols. Noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oximetry is one such method used for continuous monitoring of tissue perfusion. Recently, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been for compromised flaps salvage. We used NIRS to study the impact of leg positioning and NPWT on lower extremity perfusion during a mock dangle protocol. Methods A tissue oximeter transcutaneous probe was placed on each lower limb of five normal patients at the location of the highest density of peroneal artery perforators along the distal one-third fibula. The experimental leg probe was covered with NPWT at 100 mm Hg. The contralateral leg served as control. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) was measured continuously for 140 minutes. Leg position was changed in every 20 minutes to mimic a dangle protocol. Results Our results showed higher StO2 with leg elevation, and lower StO2 in dependent positions in the control limb. StO2 was consistently higher in the limb with NPWT, which had a slower rate of deoxygenation with introduction of gravity. In both conditions, on returning to neutral position from the dependent, StO2 returned to levels close to baseline. Conclusion These data provide further information on hemodynamic changes introduced by gravity, and how NPWT might modulate these changes.
The Clinicopathologic and Molecular Landscape of Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications in Diagnosis and Management

Abstract Background Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a recently described tumor entity. Several questions remain about its epidemiology, molecular features, and clinical behavior. Objective To comprehensively evaluate clinicopathologic and molecular features of CCPRCC, and compare it with more common kidney cancer subtypes. Design, setting, and participants We identified 89 CCPRCC patients and compared their clinicopathologic features with 1120 localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and 129 type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) patients. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Nonparametric statistical testing was used to compare relevant features between tumor types. Overall, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and metastasis-free survival estimates were calculated from initial diagnosis using the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients with ipsilateral multifocal disease were explored further. A subset of CCPRCC tumors underwent genomic analysis and were compared with other RCC subtypes. Results and limitations A higher proportion of female (45% vs 32%) and African-American (19% vs 3%) patients were observed in the CCPRCC cohort than in the ccRCC and pRCC cohorts. CCPRCC tumors also had increased odds of presenting with additional ipsilateral masses (odds ratio [OR]: 4.41 [confidence interval {CI}: 2.34, 8.15], p Conclusions CCPRCC is characterized by distinct molecular and epidemiologic features that could be used to refine current diagnostic approaches. Although their clinical course is generally indolent, multifocal CCPRCC tumors represent a unique diagnostic challenge. In this context, single-mass biopsies could miss concomitant aggressive disease, with a potential negative impact on patient outcomes. Furthermore, high discordance rates in multifocal CCPRCC tumors have important clinical implications in management. Patient summary We explored the molecular and clinical features of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) relative to other kidney cancer subtypes. While CCPRCC generally conveys a good prognosis, additional caution should be taken when it is diagnosed using biopsy if multiple kidney masses are present.
Atypical presentations of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology that results in isolated raised intracranial pressure. Classic symptoms and signs of IIH include headache, papilledema, diplopia from sixth nerve palsy and divergence insufficiency, and pulsatile tinnitus. Atypical presentations include: (1) highly asymmetric or even unilateral papilledema, and IIH without papilledema; (2) ocular motor disturbances from third nerve palsy, fourth nerve palsy, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, diffuse ophthalmoplegia, and skew deviation; (3) olfactory dysfunction; (4) trigeminal nerve dysfunction; (5) facial nerve dysfunction; (6) hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction; (7) lower cranial nerve dysfunction including deviated uvula, torticollis, and tongue weakness; (8) spontaneous skull base cerebrospinal fluid leak; and (9) seizures. Although atypical findings should raise a red flag and prompt further investigation for an alternative etiology, clinicians should be familiar with these unusual presentations.
Prader–Willi Syndrome

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by a uniquely recognizable tetrad of phenotypic features that underlie the impact of the abnormalities residing in chromosome 15q11-q13. Among these, alterations in sleep are inordinately prevalent and can manifest as sleep-disordered breathing, hypersomnia syndromes, and sleep maintenance insomnia. The complex multisystem features of the condition, and the potential risk for sudden death, particularly during initiation of growth hormone therapy, require multidisciplinary coordination and careful monitoring for optimal outcomes.
Chiming In: A Computer-Assisted Analysis of Popular Musicians’ Political Engagement on Twitter:

While music as an artistic form is well studied, the individuals behind the art receive relatively less attention. In this article, we provide evidence of celebrity advocacy with a systematic exami...
Ethanol exposure of human pancreatic normal ductal epithelial cells induces EMT phenotype and enhances pancreatic cancer development in KC (Pdx1-Cre and LSL-KrasG12D ) mice.

Alcohol is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. However, the molecular mechanism by which chronic alcohol consumption influences pancreatic cancer development is not well understood. We have recently demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure of pancreatic normal ductal epithelial cells (HPNE) induces cellular transformation by generating cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we examined whether chronic ethanol treatment induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HPNE cells and promotes pancreatic cancer development in KC (Pdx1-Cre, and LSL-KrasG12D ) mice. Our data demonstrate that chronic ethanol exposure of HPNE cells induces SATB2 gene and those cells became highly motile. Ethanol treatment of HPNE cells results in downregulation of E-Cadherin and upregulation of N-Cadherin, Snail, Slug, Zeb1, Nanog and BMI-1. Suppression of SATB2 expression in ethanol-transformed HPNE cells inhibits EMT phenotypes. KC mice fed with an ethanol-containing diet show enhanced pancreatic cancer growth and development than those fed with a control diet. Pancreas isolated from KC mice fed with an ethanol-containing diet show higher expression of stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, CD24), pluripotency-maintaining factors (cMyc, KLF4, SOX-2, and Oct-4), N-Cadherin, EMT-transcription factors (Snail, Slug, and Zeb1), and lower expression of E-cadherin than those isolated from mice fed with a control diet. Furthermore, pancreas isolated from KC mice fed with an ethanol-containing diet show higher expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) and PTGS-2 (COX-2) gene than those isolated from mice fed with a control diet. These data suggest that chronic alcohol consumption may contribute to pancreatic cancer development by generating inflammatory signals and CSCs.
Giardiasis: a malignant mimicker?

SIMI 2015 A 27-year-old man, with no pertinent past medical history, presented with a 3-week history of severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The pain was nonspecific and described as bloating. Associated symptoms included subjective fever and flatulence. The patient worked as a truck driver, traveling often, who had recently transported a shipment of river mulch. His mother was recently diagnosed with colon cancer and grandmother with lymphoma. The patient was afebrile, normotensive, and mildly tachycardiac on arrival. No cough, chest pain, alcohol use, weight change, sick contacts, or bleeding was reported. Physical examination revealed diffuse abdominal tenderness without peritoneal signs. Complete blood count showed a leukocytosis at 17.4 9 10 3 /lL. Folate, B12, and
Identification of the gene encoding the major cellobiohydrolase of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Previous studies have shown that the cellobiohydrolases of the white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium are encoded by a family of structurally related genes. In this investigation, we identified and sequenced the most highly transcribed gene, cbh1-4. Evidence suggests that in this fungus the dominant isozyme, CBH1, is encoded by chb1-4. Images
The Concept of Inducible Region in Stackelberg Games

Conceptually, the idea of inducible region holds for general problems. Since necessary and sufficient conditions can be derived for certain class of problems by using this idea, it is hoped that the clarification of the concept could lead to the development of a general theory for Stackelberg games.
A novel radioiodinated high affinity ligand for the D2-dopamine receptor: Characterization of its binding in bovine anterior pituitary membranes

Abstract A novel high affinity dopaminergic ligand, N-(p-aminophenethyl)spiroperidol, has been synthesized and radioiodinated to a specific radioactivity of 2175 Ci mmol . Binding of this ligand to bovine anterior pituitary membranes is: (i) rapid (40–60 min to equilibrium at 25°C) and reversible t 1 2 = 1 h at 25°C); (ii) saturable and of high affinity (KD ~ 20 pM) and (iii) displays a typical D2-dopaminergic specificity. The ligand, which identifies the same number of receptor sites as other tritiated antagonist ligands, can be used in different tissues and preparations to delineate the characteristics of the D2 receptor. Thus, this high affinity, high specific radioactivity ligand (N-(p-amino-m-[125I]iodophenethyl)spiroperidol) represents a tool which until now had not been available for the characterization of the D2-dopamine receptor.
A Note on Measuring the Economic Impact of Institutions of Higher Education.

Universities and other institutions of higher education are frequently asked to justify, in economic terms, the allocation of state monies toward their programs. These institutions have often responded by conducting economic impact studies. The traditional approach to economic impact views increases in expenditures by a university as a means to create new jobs within the state and to expand the state's economic base. Recent studies have employed a new approach that also accounts for increases in the state's skill base as part of the economic impact. Although the skill-base approach yields favorable results for higher education, recent applications of the technique fail to consider fully the effects of migration on a university's economic impact and, thus, substantially overestimate the impact. Researchers are well advised to avoid the skill-base approach and to utilize the traditional economic-base approach, which produces more reliable estimates of local economic impact. Moreover, states and universities are cautioned not to place the debate over education financing exclusively in the realm of economic impact, since there are other reasons to provide publicly funded higher education.
A Review of “Caring for Muslim Patients”

The growing population of Muslims in the West is also seeing an increased attempt to address the unique health care needs of this minority group. This book addresses such needs of Muslim patients l...
Correlated high-resolution x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and atom probe tomography analysis of continuous and discontinuous InxGa1−xN quantum wells

Atom probe tomography (APT) is used to characterize the influence of hydrogen dosing during GaN barrier growth on the indium distribution of InxGa1−xN quantum wells, and correlated micro-photoluminescence is used to measure changes in the emission spectrum and efficiency. Relative to the control growth, hydrogen dosing leads to a 50% increase in emission intensity arising from discontinuous quantum wells that are narrower, of lower indium content, and with more abrupt interfaces. Simulations of carrier distributions based on APT composition profiles indicate that the greater carrier confinement leads to an increased radiative recombination rate. Furthermore, APT analysis of quantum well profiles enables refinement of x-ray diffraction analysis for more accurate nondestructive measurements of composition.
The SOI MOSFET

The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is the most widely used SOI device. The present chapter is devoted to single-gate SOI MOSFETs. Other types of SOI MOSFETs devices, such as multiple-gate SOI MOSFETs, dynamic-threshold MOSFETs, power MOS devices, etc., will be described in Chapter 6. SOI MOSFETs exhibit interesting properties that make them particularly attractive for applications such as radiation-hard circuits and high-temperature electronics. The properties of the SOI MOSFET operating in a harsh environment will be described in Chapter 7.
The mechanism of filler action and the criterion of filler selection for reducing wear

The tribological behaviors of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) reinforced with particulate NiS and PbSe fillers were studied. Wear and friction tests were performed under ambient conditions in a pin-on-disk configuration at a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s and a nominal pressure of 0.65 MPa. The counterface was made of hardened tool steel and finished to a surface roughness of 0.1 μm Ra. It was found that the NiS filler decreased the wear rate of PPS while the PbSe increased it. The transfer film formed on the counterface during sliding was studied by optical microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The investigations supported the earlier findings on filled polymers that wear is reduced when the filler reacts with the counterface iron thereby generating compounds which enhance adhesion of the transfer film to the counterface. Consistent with this and earlier findings, a criterion in terms of the Gibbs free energy change for selection of the fillers for reducing wear has been proposed and tested for all the cases for which XPS data on the reaction products generated during sliding was available in the literature.
Intrauterine growth restriction affects hippocampal dual specificity phosphatase 5 gene expression and epigenetic characteristics

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) predisposes humans toward hippocampal morbidities, such as impaired learning and memory. Hippocampal dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) may be involved in...
Training Others to Lead Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs

For the past several years, the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) has highlighted a tremendous amount of information related to comprehensive school p...