cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical mapping of the 5 Mb D9S196-D9S180 interval harboring the basal cell nevus syndrome gene and localization of six genes in this region

The basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) is characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas and diverse developmental defects. The gene responsible for this syndrome has been mapped previously to a 2 cM interval between D9S196 and D9S 180 at 9q22.3, and very recently mutations of a candidate gene in this region--the human homolog of the Drosophila patched gene have been identified. We report here on physical mapping studies integrating a contig of yeast artificial chromosomes and bacterial artificial chromosomes with a long-range map spanning approximately 5 Mb between the recombination-determined flanking markers. Six genes have been mapped to this interval.
Diet and Exercise in the Management of Diabetes

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) individuals can benefit from using current nutritional concepts to control their intake of carbohydrates, protein, fats, and other nutrients to aid in the control of blood glucose and lipid levels by building consistency of meal times and injections of insulin into their overall program. The NIDDM patient, on the other hand, will need a diet that offers appropriate calories to sustain daily activities, but also promote weight loss. Exercise has important physiological and psychological benefits for all individuals including diabetics. Exercise programs need to be designed for the individual's ability and used as adjunctive therapy to improve glucose control and reduce cardiovascular risk factors.
Racial comparisons and contrasts in urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse

Objective To compare black and white women with regard to urinary incontinence and prolapse. Methods Two hundred consecutive women referred for evaluation of urinary incontinence or severe prolapse, 54 of whom were black, were evaluated. Each had a comprehensive standardized evaluation. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed for significant differences between the groups. Results The symptoms of pure stress, pure urge, and mixed incontinence were described by 7, 56, and 37% of black subjects, respectively, compared to 31, 28, and 41% of white subjects (P = .001). The conditions of pure genuine stress incontinence (GSI), pure motor incontinence, and mixed incontinence were diagnosed in 27, 56, and 17% of black subjects, respectively, compared to 61, 28, and 11% of whites (P = .0008). Black women with mixed symptoms were significantly less likely than white women to have pure GSI (47 versus 74%; P = .05). Blacks with GSI were significantly heavier, had higher parity, more often took a diuretic, were more often diabetic, and had better passive urethral closure pressure but greater urethral axis mobility than whites. Blacks with motor incontinence were significantly younger, heavier, less likely to have had prior continence surgery or hysterectomy, and had better passive urethral closure pressure but smaller bladder capacities than whites. The prevalence of severe prolapse in this referral population was the same for blacks and whites (24 and 23%), although blacks had significantly more vaginal deliveries. No other significant racial differences were noted in the prolapse group. Conclusions Black women with urinary incontinence have a different distribution of symptoms, different conditions causing their incontinence, and different risk profiles for these conditions than do whites. The significantly lower prevalence of pure GSI in black women compared to white women makes the clinical evaluation for GSI appreciably less accurate in the individual black patient. Until further epidemiologic information regarding incontinence in black women is available, such women should be considered candidates for more accurate, sophisticated urodynamic testing before continence surgery.
Structure and permeability to ferritin of the choriocapillary endothelium of the rat eye.

The choriocapillaris is the fenestrated capillary network that supplies a large portion of the nutrients required by the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor cells, and other cells of the outer neural retina. The permeability of these capillaries was investigated in the rat by the use of ferritin (mol. wt. approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 110A) as a tracer. Ninety minutes after intravascular ferritin administration, a high concentration of tracer particles was distributed uniformly in the capillary lumina but few particles were present in Bruch's membrane, the multilayered basement membrane that separates the choriocapillary endothelium from the retinal pigment epithelium. The bulk of the tracer remained in the capillary lumina with a definite blockage seen at fenestral, channel, and vesicle diaphragms. These results indicate that the rat choriocapillary endothelium, unlike the fenestrated endothelia lining other capillary beds, constitutes an important barrier to the passage of ferritin and presumably of circulating native molecules of similar size.
A user model for personalization services

A user model is essential to support personalization services. However, the user models that are used in most systems are designed in an ad-hoc manner and often related to their application domains. It hinders service interoperability and increases the amount of work. In this paper, we focus on defining a general user model in order to represent user information and the user context. This paper contributes two points: a survey on existing context based systems and a user model for personalization. The survey analyses previous context based systems and provides different kinds of features used in their systems. Based on this survey, we propose a user model to capture user information and contexts for personalization application.
FRACTAL RELAXATION SYSTEMS. Part II: Distribution of Relaxation Times

A system is recognized as fractal if its magnitude frequency spectrum attenuates following a power function dependence on the frequency and exhibits a fractional slope over a broad band of frequencies. If the transient response of the fractal system consists solely of real exponentials, the system is classified as a fractal relaxation system. The relaxation elements of the system reach steady state at different rates, i.e. different relaxation times or time constants. The system can therefore can be characterized by a distribution of the relaxation times. The distribution of relaxation times completely defines the system, thus is equivalent to the system function in the relaxation domain. This is the second part of a series of articles, each focusing on a particular aspect of fractal relaxation systems. In the first part, the singularity structure model of the fractal relaxation systems has been proposed. In this part, the concept of distribution of relaxation times of fractal relaxation systems is introd...
Speedup for natural problems and noncomputability

A resource-bounded version of the statement ''no algorithm recognizes all non-halting Turing machines'' is equivalent to an infinitely often (i.o.) superpolynomial speedup for the time required to accept any (paddable) coNP-complete language and also equivalent to a superpolynomial speedup in proof length in propositional proof systems for tautologies, each of which implies P NP. This suggests a correspondence between the properties ''has no algorithm at all'' and ''has no best algorithm'' which seems relevant to open problems in computational and proof complexity.
An indirect test using oxalate to determine physiological resistance to white mold in common bean

In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the detection of physiological resistance to white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] in the field is confounded by environmental factors and plant avoidance mechanisms. Development of a reliable screening procedure is needed to identify resistant bean germplasm and to develop resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine if oxalate, a primary pathogenicity factor of S. sclerotiorum, could be used to indirectly screen for physiological resistance to white mold in common bean. Cut bean seedlings were placed in a 20 mM oxalate solution in the greenhouse. Genotypes were rated based on differences in wilting response to oxalate. Oxalate ratings of the 27 genotypes were correlated with field ratings of a white mold disease severity index (r = 0.58 ** ) and incidence (r = 0.57 ** ), and negatively correlated with yield (r = - 0.50 ** ). The oxalate test is an efficient method to indirectly test for physiological resistance to white mold in common bean.
The bedaya‐serimpi dances of java

The Republic of Indonesia consists of the islands of Java, Bali, Kalimantan (formerly Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly the Celebes Islands), and Sumatra, as well as approximately 3,000 small, lesserknown islands. It is an archipelago lying below the Southeast Asian mainland and Malaysia, spreading across 3,000 miles of ocean. Indonesia stretches from Sumatra in the east to Irian Jaya (New Guinea) in the west. It is a diverse country, containing many ethnic groups, each with its own customs, language, and art. Java is the most populous island of the Indonesian archipelago, with half of the Republic's population living there. Having had a preeminent role in history, it is better known than other regions of Indonesia, with the exception of Bali. The dances described here are court dances from Central Java, an area that traditionally has had two important royal cities, Yogyakarta and Surakarta, which lie barely 40 miles apart. (Yogyakarta should not be confused with Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, which is in West Java.) Yogyakarta and Surakarta have always been great centers of Javanese culture and art. As early as the seventeenth century, a kingdom in Central Java brought other states under its control, and dominated most of Java. Due to the complex political circumstances involving Javanese aristocrats, Dutch colonial powers, and, to a lesser degree, the British, Javanese territory has been divided over the years. Ultimately four Central Javanese courts developed in the cities of Yogyakarta and Surakarta, where they exist to this day. There are two major courts: the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, ruled by the Sultan, and the Court of Surakarta, whose
Incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into the aliphatic δ-lactones of ruminant milk fat

Abstract 1. 1. Gas-liquid radiochromatography was employed to demonstrate that 14C from [1-14C]acetate was incorporated in vivo into the aliphatic δ-lactones (δ-hydroxy fatty acids) of goat milk fat. 2. 2. The δ-C10, δ-C12, δ-C14 and δ-C16 lactones were isolated from milk fat samples collected at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 h following intravenous and intramammary administration of [1-14C] acetate to two goats and the specific activities of the δ-lactones were determined. These values, in general, were of comparable magnitude to the specific activities of the saturated milk fatty acids of corresponding carbon chain lengths. 3. 3. Following intravenous administration of [1-14C]acetate both the δ-lactones and the saturated fatty acids exhibited maximum specific activities at 5 h whereas following intramammary administration the δ-lactones and fatty acids exhibited maximum specific activities at 10 h. 4. 4. The results are consistent with the view that acetate is a common precursor of both the δ-lactones (δ-hydroxy fatty acids) and the saturated fatty acids and imply that the (δ-hydroxy fatty acids are produced from acetate in a manner similar to biosynthesis of the corresponding fatty acids rather than as products of long chain fatty acid oxidation.
An Acardiac Monster from a Cow

Summary A report is given of the history and dissection findings concerning an acardiac monster born twin to a bull calf from a grade shorthorn cow. The monster was a spherical mass covered with hair. A sagittal section revealed an undifferentiated mass of tissue containing blood vessels, fat, and connective tissue.
Softening and Loss of Subterranean Clover Hard Seed under Sod and Bare Ground Environments

Natural reseeding of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) grown with a warm-season grass in the southern USA depends on the proper softening rate of hard seed. Three experiments were each conducted over 2 yr to determine (i) the rate of seed softening, (ii) the cause of reduction in seed softening over time, and (iii) the effect of clipping management on seed softening. In all experiments, subterranean clover hard seed were placed in dacron bags and buried 1 cm deep in field plots. In Exp. 1, bags were placed in bermudagrass [(Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] sod and in bare ground in July and sampled over the summer and fall. In Exp. 2, bags were placed in soil and bare ground and replaced with separate samples at intervals of 28 d throughout the summer and fall. In Exp. 3, bags were buried in bare ground or sod that was clipped monthly to 7.5 cm or biweekly to 2 cm starting in August, September, or October. Hard seed softened more rapidly in bare ground than in sod, reaching a minimum of 15.6 and 49.0%, respectively. The softening of hard seed over 28-d intervals decreased from 75.5 and 67.1% in July to 92.6 and 93.2% in November for sod and bare ground, respectively. Fall clipping management had no effect on hard seed softening rate of subterranean clover, reaching a minimum of 64.0% hard seed averaged over all sod clipping treatments compared to 47.0% hard seed for bare ground. Results indicated that subterranean clover reseeding ability should be evaluated under the same environment as the clover is used.
Genetic mapping of cadmium resistance mutations inBacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis, which accumulates cadnium via the manganese transport system, may acquire cadmium resistance by chromosomal mutations that reduce Cd2+ uptake without affecting Mn2+ transport. A cadmium resistance mutation,cdr-1, maps at about 40° on theB. subtilis chromosome. The deduced map order wasarol-narB-mtlB-cdr-dal-purB. Thecdr mutations in four other, independently isolated Cd2+-resistant mutants demonstrating reduced Cd2+ uptake also mapped betweenaroI anddal.
Encouraging parallel thinking through explicit coordination modeling

Parallel thinking is a mindset that allows people to create support for activities that happen concurrently in a program. It crosscuts extant computer science boundaries, including parallel processing, network programming and multi-user systems, indeed, any system that involves the distribution and reintegration of work. Recent efforts to integrate parallelism across the CS curriculum begin to address the support of parallel thinking. We approach the pedagogy of parallel thinking by teaching students to model coordination explicitly using a specialized coordination language. We report a study of an experimental class taking this approach, finding that advanced CS students lack a good understanding of coordination but that the explicit modeling of coordination can address this lack.
Inflammatory disease of the aorta: Patterns and classification of giant cell aortitis, Takayasu arteritis, and nonsyndromic aortitis

Objective Inflammatory diseases of the aorta, other than those of known infective etiology, are poorly understood. We analyzed a large series of affected patients who had histologic diagnoses with a view to improving the classification of the extent of aortitis to enable a more targeted approach of treatment. Methods Between 1996 and 2012, we operated on 7551 patients with ascending or aortic arch disease, of whom 279 had clinically diagnosed inflammatory disease. Of these, 156 (2%) were found to have aortitis on histologic examination. Results Patients were divided into 4 histologically based groups: giant cell aortitis, 31% (49/156); Takayasu arteritis, 5.1% (8/156); isolated aortitis, 59% (92/156); and other, 4.5% (7/156). Patterns of anatomic extent were also analyzed, and in particular it was noted that giant cell aortitis and isolated aortitis had more extensive disease. In addition, specimen analysis suggested early indications of unrecognized preexistent infections. Death after surgery occurred in 3.2% (5/156), and stroke in 1.9% (3/156). Kaplan-Meier survival at 8 years was 55%. We present a classification for disease extent and management. Conclusions Aortitis continues to be a conundrum; however, good results are achievable with surgery. Intervention should be based on a clearer understanding of the histologic pattern and extent of disease, which helps in subsequent targeted disease management.
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Psychotropic Medications for Children and Adolescents

Recent trends in pediatric psychopharmacology have resulted in advances in treatment but also an overly optimistic and, at times, simplistic extension of pediatric psychopharmacology practice. Concerns about these changes in the field are discussed. The authors outline how understanding the meaning of medications to all those involved in the prescribing process can help integrate our thinking about this complex interaction with patients and their families.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING FORCE GENERATION BY WING FLAPPING MOTION

Insect flight comes with lot of intricacies that cannot be explained by conventional aerodynamics. Insects rely on a peculiar high frequency wing flapping mechanism to produce the aerodynamic forces required for sustainable flight. Broad study of this mechanism for producing forces is imperative to attain a reasonably accurate representation of these forces. In this research, sensitivity analysis is performed on the factors governing the aerodynamic force production due to flapping motion of a two-dimensional wing section of a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). Published results obtained on a wing section of an MAV model by the authors in their previous work are used for preliminary review. The flapping path parameters are nondimensionalized and the moving mesh problem is solved in a numerical flow solver. A thorough sensitivity analysis is done to realize the effects of the flapping wing Reynolds number, Strouhal number, and the absolute angle of attack on the force generation.© 2013 ASME
Motion-Compensated Mega-Voltage Cone Beam CT Using the Deformation Derived Directly From 2D Projection Images

This paper presents a novel method for respiratory motion compensated reconstruction for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The reconstruction is based on a time sequence of motion vector fields, which is generated by a dynamic geometrical object shape model. The dynamic model is extracted from the 2D projection images of the CBCT. The process of the motion extraction is converted into an optimal 3D multiple interrelated surface detection problem, which can be solved by computing a maximum flow in a 4D directed graph. The method was tested on 12 mega-voltage (MV) CBCT scans from three patients. Two sets of motion-artifact-free 3D volumes, full exhale (FE) and full inhale (FI) phases, were reconstructed for each daily scan. The reconstruction was compared with three other motion-compensated approaches based on quantification accuracy of motion and size. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was also quantified for image quality. The proposed approach has the best overall performance, with a relative tumor volume quantification error of 3.39 3.64% and 8.57 8.31% for FE and FI phases, respectively. The CNR near the tumor area is 3.85 0.42 (FE) and 3.58 3.33 (FI). These results show the clinical feasibility to use the proposed method to reconstruct motion-artifact-free MVCBCT volumes.
Protecting the Herd from H1N1—Response

Eisenberg et al. argue that our analysis is insufficient to warrant a change in vaccination policy because of questions regarding the ability to achieve high coverage in schoolchildren and the effect of variation between individuals in transmission potential. The feasibility of achieving optimal
Heat-rate improvements obtained by retubing condensers with new, enhanced tube types

Argonne is working with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) to study the effect of enhanced condenser tubing on the heat rate of fossil-fueled power plants. A computer model was developed to calculate the predicted heat rate improvement by employing enhanced tubes as against smooth tubes. Fourteen condensers on the TVA system were then fitted with enhanced tubes as a replacement for the conventional smooth-surface condenser tubes. The performance of these units was followed and the results analyzed and compared to the predictions obtained with the computer model. Findings from this research have been published in Power Engineering magazine and have been presented at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Power Plant Condenser Symposiums.
Deadlock detection and recovery based distributed simulation: a performance study

The authors present the results of an experimental performance study of distributed simulation of closed queuing networks using a minor variation of the deadlock detection and recovery based algorithm of K.M. Chandy and J. Misra (1979,1981). A major part of this study is to determine the effect of overhead on distributed simulation. Moreover, in these experiments the values of certain refined notions of ideal speedup ratio are measured. These ratios are more refined than just the number of processors, in the sense that they capture the potentially achievable speedups of distributed simulation more closely. >
Analyzing Locomotion Synthesis with Feature-Based Motion Graphs

We propose feature-based motion graphs for realistic locomotion synthesis among obstacles. Among several advantages, feature-based motion graphs achieve improved results in search queries, eliminate the need of postprocessing for foot skating removal, and reduce the computational requirements in comparison to traditional motion graphs. Our contributions are threefold. First, we show that choosing transitions based on relevant features significantly reduces graph construction time and leads to improved search performances. Second, we employ a fast channel search method that confines the motion graph search to a free channel with guaranteed clearance among obstacles, achieving faster and improved results that avoid expensive collision checking. Lastly, we present a motion deformation model based on Inverse Kinematics applied over the transitions of a solution branch. Each transition is assigned a continuous deformation range that does not exceed the original transition cost threshold specified by the user for the graph construction. The obtained deformation improves the reachability of the feature-based motion graph and in turn also reduces the time spent during search. The results obtained by the proposed methods are evaluated and quantified, and they demonstrate significant improvements in comparison to traditional motion graph techniques.
Study of voice packet reconstruction methods applied to CELP speech coding

Four voice packet reconstruction methods used for speech coded by code excited linear prediction (CELP)-type speech coders are described. In the first method, the authors generalize the waveform substitution technique originally developed for the PCM coded speech to the CELP speech coding. In the second method, a priority level is assigned to each speech frame to protect against those perceptually important and hard-to-reconstruct speech frames being lost. The third and fourth methods both split the information bits in a frame into two groups of different levels of importance. In method three, the bits for representing the filter parameters are given high priority and bits for representing the excitation signals are given low priority. Method four is an embedded coding technique based on two-stage CELP. The four methods were tested in combination with a simulated voice activity and queuing model and their performance is discussed. >
Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and a β-Blocker on Cerebral Arterioles in Rats

We examined the effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, and a beta-blocker, propranolol, on cerebral arterioles in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). The structure and mechanics of cerebral arterioles were examined in untreated Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHRSP that were untreated or treated for 3 months with a high (2 mg/kg per day) or a low (0.3 mg/kg per day) dose of perindopril or propranolol (250 mg/kg per day) alone or in combination with the low dose of perindopril. We measured pressure, external diameter, and cross-sectional area of the vessel wall (CSA) in maximally dilated (with EDTA) cerebral arterioles. Treatment of SHRSP with the high dose of perindopril or the combination of propranolol and the low dose of perindopril normalized cerebral arteriolar mean pressure (50+/-1 [mean+/-SEM] and 43+/-2 mm Hg vs 50+/-1 mm Hg in WKY and 94+/-3 mm Hg in untreated SHRSP; P 0.05). These findings suggest that effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on cerebral arteriolar hypertrophy in SHRSP may depend primarily on their effects on arterial pressure, particularly pulse pressure, whereas their effects on cerebral arteriolar remodeling (defined as a reduction in external diameter) may be pressure independent.
You Say Regulation, I Say Punishment: The Semantics and Attributes of Punitive Activity

Recent trends in crime control have given new energy to an age-old question, namely what kinds of activity qualify as punishment. In addressing this question, jurists and scholars have often employed a logic that either restricts interpretations of punishment to traditional forms (e.g., prison, probation, death penalty) and functions (e.g., deterrence and retribution), or expands them to include the broader forms and functions of social control. This paper examines these opposing logics and considers an alternative logic based in common stipulations in power theory. Within this particular framework, punishment is conceived as action that is necessarily relational, intentional, personal and coercive.
Silicon-on-Insulator Echelle Grating WDM Demultiplexers With Two Stigmatic Points

We present ultracompact integrated optical echelle grating wavelength-division-multiplexing (de)multiplexers for on-chip optical networks, fabricated using high-index-contrast silicon-on-insulator photonic waveguide technology. These devices are based on a design with two stigmatic points, which enables compact geometries with reduced aberrations. In the example presented here, this design allows us to achieve an eight-channel (de)multiplexer with 3.2-nm channel spacing, within an ultracompact footprint of 250 times 200 mum. The channel-to-channel isolation of the devices is 19 dB. The minimum insertion loss, relative to a straight waveguide, is 3 dB with a channel-to-channel variation of 0.5 dB.
Quantitatively Representing Nonlinear Disaster Recovery

This article provides a new technique for quantitatively characterizing the progress of recovery operations in the aftermath of a disaster event. The approach extends previous research on measuring dynamic, or adaptive, disaster resilience by developing a robust approach for characterizing nonlinear disaster recovery. In doing so, it enables a more accurate mathematical representation of di?erent categories of recovery behavior and provides support for a much broader application of existing theory. Because the new approach inherits the ability to compare the relative behavior of multiple scenarios simultaneously, it also can serve as the basis for analytically comparing the expected performance of different plans for recovery operations. Practical application of the technique is demonstrated and discussed in the context of recovering electrical power after Hurricane Sandy struck the New York metropolitan area.
Removal of superficial inhibition releases hyperexcitability in middle and deep horizontal slices from rat somatosensory neocortex

Synaptic physiology was studied in horizontal slices of rat somatosensory neocortex. Intrinsic properties of pyramidal neurons from horizontal slices resembled those recorded in cells from coronal slices, but cells in superficial horizontal slices displayed more prominent fast and slow inhibition, while cells from deeper slices showed disinhibition. This disinhibition in deeper horizontal slices resulted in epileptogenesis in 81% of middle and 35% of deep layer horizontal slices. Brief exposure to glutamate antagonists and dantrolene was ineffective in preventing epileptic activity, but limited pentobarbital exposure reduced the proportion of deep slices manifesting epileptiform activity by 75%. Thus, within cortex inhibition dominates superficially and excitation predominates in deeper layers. While the cortex is vulnerable to hyperexcitability when superficial cortex is compromised, enhancing fast inhibition can reset the excitation-inhibition balance, and prevent epileptogenesis.
Slant-stack velocity analysis for one-dimensional upper mantle structure using short-period data from MAJO

In this paper, regionalP-wave upper mantle structure is investigated using slant-stack velocity analysis of short-period earthquake data recorded at station MAJO (Matsushiro, Japan). Shallow earthquakes from 1980–1986 within 35° of MAJO are used to construct a common receiver gather. Processing of the wavefield data includes focal depth and static time corrections, as well as deterministic deconvolution, in order to equalize pulse shapes and align wavelets on the first arrivals. The processed wavefield data are slant stacked and interatively downward continued to obtain a regional upper mantle velocity model. The model includes a low velocity zone between 107 and 220 km. Beneath the LVZ, the velocity increases smoothly down to the discontinuity at 401 km. In the transition zone, the velocity model again increases linearly, although there is some suggestion of further complexity in the downward continued wavefield data. At the base of the transition zone, a second velocity discontinuity occurs at 660 km, with a linear velocity gradient below. In addition to slant-stack analysis, travel times and synthetic seismograms are computed and compared with the processed and unprocessed wavefield data.
Schur complements obey Lambek's categorial grammar: Another view of Gaussian elimination and LU decomposition

Abstract For three decades Schur complements have seen increasing applications in linear algebra, often as abstractions of Gaussian elimination. It is known that they obey certain nontrivial identities, such as Crabtree and Haynsworth's quotient property . We began this work asking if there were a theory for deciding their properties in general. Lambek's Categorial Grammar is a deductive system formalized in 1958 by Lambek as a mathematical foundation for a syntactic calculus of language. We show that Categorial Grammar gives a deductive system for deriving identities obeyed by LU-and UL-decompositions, Gaussian elimination, and Schur complements. At first impression this seems to be a strange result, connecting two unrelated topics. In retrospect, though, it is a consequence of the way both use quotients. It may have applications in developing grammatical formalisms and numerical algorithms.
Physical and numerical modeling of mold filling in resin transfer molding

Finite element modeling and experimental investigation of mold filling in resin transfer molding (RTM) have been performed. Flow experiments in the molds were performed to investigate resin flow behavior into molds of rectangular and irregular shapes. Silicone fluids with viscosity of 50 and 100 centistoke as well as EPON 826 epoxy resin were used in the mold filling experiments. The reinforcements consisted of several layers of woven fiberglass and carbon fiber mats. The effects of injection pressure, fluid viscosity, type of reinforcement, and mold geometry on mold filling times were investigated. Fiber mat permeability was determined experimentally for the five-harness and eight-harness woven mats. Resin flow through fiber mats was modeled as flow through porous media. Pressure distributions inside both types of molds were also determined numerically. In the case of resin flow into rectangular molds, numerical results agreed well with experimental measurements. Comparison between the experimental and numerical results of the resin front position indicated the importance of edge effects in resin flow behavior in small cavities with larger boundary areas. Reducing the resistance to resin flow at the edge region in the numerical model allowed for good agreement between the numerical simulation and the physical observations of the resin front position and mold filling time.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Prediabetic Syndrome

Cardiovascular disease is increased 2- to 4-fold in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM); yet in most studies, there is a relatively weak relationship between the frequency of coronary h...
The effects of indigenous prescribed fire on riparian vegetation in central California

Introduction: Fire has a long history, but little documented role, as a process in riparian ecosystems. For millennia California Indians have applied fire to riparian ecosystems for a variety of purposes, but the effects of such fires on riparian vegetation are poorly known outside of traditional knowledge structures of indigenous communities. Methods: This study involved the seasonal application of fire based on traditional ecological knowledge versus alternate burn methods to assess fire effects on riparian vegetation in central California. Results: While the annual variation amongst treatments was not significant, the results of this study suggest that fall burns support higher overall richness and native species richness; spring burns yield a decrease in overall richness, but an increase in native species richness; and summer burns contribute to an initial decline in overall and native species richness. The evenness indices of treatments increase most with spring and summer burning. Conclusion: These findings are key to understanding the seasonal role of fire in managing native species in areas prone to non-native or other invasive species. This research demonstrates the application of traditional ecological knowledge to facilitate an understanding of how prescribed fire could aid in the management and conservation of riparian ecosystems.
The minimum degree of Ramsey-minimal graphs

We write H ➝ G if every 2-coloring of the edges of graph H contains a monochromatic copy of graph G. A graph H is G-minimal if H ➝ G, but for every proper subgraph H2 of H, H2 $\nrightarrow$G. We define s(G) to be the minimum s such that there exists a G-minimal graph with a vertex of degree s. We prove that s(Kk) = (k - 1)2 and s(Ka,b) = 2 min(a,b) - 1. We also pose several related open problems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 54: 167177, 2007
Observation of very large and steep internal waves of elevation near the Massachusetts coast

[1] We report on near-bottom waves of elevation with amplitude nearly half the 25 m water column, very steep, and propagating into a sheared turbulent wave-guide. The waves contained trapped cores transporting parcels of water shoreward. These large waves depart strongly from weakly-nonlinear and weakly-nonhydrostatic conditions and challenge established paradigms. They can also represent an important factor in the across-shore transport of plankton and contaminants.
Design of the Revascularization With Open Bypass vs Angioplasty and Stenting of the Lower Extremity Trial (ROBUST): a randomized clinical trial.

Importance To our knowledge, there is no level 1 evidence comparing open bypass with angioplasty and stenting in TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) B and C superficial femoral artery lesions. The Revascularization With Open Bypass vs Angioplasty and Stenting of the Lower Extremity Trial (ROBUST) is the first prospective randomized clinical trial comparing both treatments. Objectives To report the design of the ROBUST trial. The primary aim of the trial is to compare (1) the patency rate (primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency at 6 and 12 months), (2) improvement of quality of life, (3) clinical improvement (at least 1 Rutherford category), and (4) wound healing and limb salvage in patients presenting with critical limb ischemia; secondary aims include (1) cost-effectiveness by factoring procedure and hospital admission costs including rehabilitation, readmission, and reintervention costs, (2) amputation-free survival, (3) reintervention rate, and (4) 30-day operative mortality, morbidity, and wound and access complications. Design, Setting, and Participants ROBUST is a prospective randomized clinical trial with the aim to enroll 320 patients with intermittent claudication that does not respond to medical management and patients with critical limb ischemia. The maximum level of medical therapy will be administered using antiplatelet agents and statins, as well as measures to control hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Interventions Patients with TASC II B or C lesions are prospectively randomized to receive either femoropopliteal bypass or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting; patients with TASC II A and D lesions are not randomized and receive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting or femoropopliteal bypass, respectively. All patients will be evaluated at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively with physical examination, ankle brachial index, duplex, and a quality-of-life questionnaire. Results The trial is actively enrolling participants. At the time of writing, 29 patients have been enrolled; most are male (60%) and white (65%). Conclusions and Relevance Providing level 1 evidence, ROBUST may help to establish guidelines for the treatment of superficial femoral artery lesions, eliminate unnecessary procedures, and reduce health care costs. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01602159
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair genes, cancer treatment, and head and neck cancer survival

Purpose Head and neck cancers (HNC) are commonly treated with radiation and platinum-based chemotherapy, which produce bulky DNA adducts to eradicate cancerous cells. Because nucleotide excision repair (NER) enzymes remove adducts, variants in NER genes may be associated with survival among HNC cases both independently and jointly with treatment.
Geographic variation in turnover and recovery from the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Understanding what drives global diversity requires knowledge of the processes that control diversity and turnover at a variety of geographic and temporal scales. This is of particular importance in the study of mass extinctions, which have disproportionate effects on the global ecosystem and have been shown to vary geographically in extinction magnitude and rate of recovery.Here, we analyze regional diversity and turnover patterns for the paleocontinents of Laurentia, Baltica, and Avalonia spanning the Late Ordovician mass extinction and Early Silurian recovery. Using a database of genus occurrences for inarticulate and articulate brachiopods, bivalves, anthozoans, and trilobites, we show that sampling-standardized diversity trends differ for the three regions. Diversity rebounded to pre-extinction levels within 5 Myr in the paleocontinent of Laurentia, compared with 15 Myr or longer for Baltica and Avalonia. This increased rate of recovery in Laurentia was due to both lower Late Ordovician extinction rates and higher Early Silurian origination rates relative to the other continents. Using brachiopod data, we dissected the Rhuddanian recovery into genus origination and invasion. This analysis revealed that standing diversity in the Rhuddanian consisted of a higher proportion of invading taxa in Laurentia than in either Baltica or Avalonia. Removing invading genera from diversity counts caused Rhuddanian diversity to fall in Laurentia. However, Laurentian diversity still rebounded to pre-extinction levels within 10 Myr of the extinction event, indicating that genus origination rates were also higher in Laurentia than in either Baltica or Avalonia. Though brachiopod diversity in Laurentia was lower than in the higher-latitude continents prior to the extinction, increased immigration and genus origination rates made it the most diverse continent following the extinction. Higher rates of origination in Laurentia may be explained by its large size, paleogeographic location, and vast epicontinental seas. It is possible that the tropical position of Laurentia buffered it somewhat from the intense climatic fluctuations associated with the extinction event, reducing extinction intensities and allowing for a more rapid rebound in this region. Hypotheses explaining the increased levels of invasion into Laurentia remain largely untested and require further scrutiny. Nevertheless, the Late Ordovician mass extinction joins the Late Permian and end-Cretaceous as global extinction events displaying an underlying spatial complexity.
Thermal-image-based wildfire spread simulation using a linearized model of an advection-diffusion-reaction equation

This paper models the fire spread at Cleveland National Forest in California using a partial differential equation (PDE) in two space dimensions and observed data. We consider the linearized model of the advection-diffusion-reaction equation to test the feasibility with the available sparse wind data and the thermal images. The model equation is simple enough to be executed in minutes on a desktop or laptop to provide immediate and effective fire-fighting planning during a crisis. We incorporate the real time update and reinitialization with the available thermal images and wind data for the simulation. The update is done by fitting the solution and the coefficients of the model equation. We implement the linear regression and second-order finite difference methods with Strang splitting. We consider several possible scenarios to test the feasibility of the model equation and present the numerical results. With adequate data, our simple model is effective enough to produce accurate results within a minute for short time intervals, which may be sufficiently long for immediate fire-fighting planning.
Modulation of cognitive control levels via manipulation of saccade trial type probability assessed with event-related BOLD fMRI

Cognitive control supports flexible behavior adapted to meet current goals and can be modeled through investigation of saccade tasks with varying cognitive demands. Basic prosaccades (rapid glances toward a newly appearing stimulus) are supported by neural circuitry, including occipital and posterior parietal cortex, frontal and supplementary eye fields, and basal ganglia. These trials can be contrasted with complex antisaccades (glances toward the mirror image location of a stimulus), which are characterized by greater functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the aforementioned regions and recruitment of additional regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The current study manipulated the cognitive demands of these saccade tasks by presenting three rapid event-related runs of mixed saccades with a varying probability of antisaccade vs. prosaccade trials (25, 50, or 75%). Behavioral results showed an effect of trial-type probability on reaction time, with slower responses in runs with a high antisaccade probability. Imaging results exhibited an effect of probability in bilateral pre- and postcentral gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and medial frontal gyrus. Additionally, the interaction between saccade trial type and probability revealed a strong probability effect for prosaccade trials, showing a linear increase in activation parallel to antisaccade probability in bilateral temporal/occipital, posterior parietal, medial frontal, and lateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, antisaccade trials showed elevated activation across all runs. Overall, this study demonstrated that improbable performance of a typically simple prosaccade task led to augmented BOLD signal to support changing cognitive control demands, resulting in activation levels similar to the more complex antisaccade task.
Towards Efficient Dissemination and Filtering of XML Data Streams

The vast amounts of data generated in near real-time due to prolific use of sensors, pervasive usage of mobile Internet, and popularity of social media platforms, necessitates the efficient dissemination of the semi-structured streaming data to the consuming applications. Towards this end, we introduce the subscriber-centric XML filtering approach for seamless and efficient XML stream replication/distribution mechanism. The subscriber-centric filtering architecture can be configured to support different topologies in order to support efficient message filtering for a large number of concurrent subscribers. It allows selective filtering on the various nodes that improves efficiency and provides applications with data on a need-to-know basis. Moreover, it supports inter-operability and allows semi-structured streams generated from multiple sources to be filtered. Our XML filtering network consists of decoupled data producers, message transformation agents and XML brokers that can be deployed in conventional data centers as well as in the public cloud environment. We provide detailed performance results of processing filtering queries in several use case scenarios with varying XML message loads and number of nodes involved in the replication/dissemination process. Our results indicate that the subscriber-centric XML filtering architecture is a viable approach for disseminating semi-structured data streams to the various consuming applications.
Valproate-Induced Pubertal Arrest

A 12-year-old girl with complex partial seizures who had pubertal arrest of both growth and secondary sexual development while receiving VPA is reported from the Department of Pediatrics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH and the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.