cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alcohol inhibits neurite extension and increases N-Myc and c-Myc proteins

Alcohol teratogenesis may be due, in part, to inhibition of neuronal differentiation by alcohol. Because decreases in the N-myc and c-myc proteins are believed to be linked causally to neuronal differentiation, we hypothesized that alcohol would increase N-myc and c-myc proteins in undifferentiated neuronal cells and would oppose the decreases in these two proteins that normally precede differentiation. In undifferentiated LA-N-5 cultured human neuroblastoma cells, alcohol increased N-myc protein levels (178% vs. control cells) and c-myc levels (222% of control). Retinoic acid decreased N-myc and c-myc and induced neurite outgrowth (a differentiation marker). Alcohol prevented retinoic acid-elicited decreases in both myc isoforms and prevented neurite outgrowth. A significant 100% increase in c-myc and an upward trend (48%) in N-myc were observed in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the dorsal hippocampus in mouse fetuses exposed prenatally to alcohol. These data suggest that increases in N-myc and c-myc protein levels are associated with inhibition of neurite extension by alcohol.
Transient requirement for vimentin in neuritogenesis: intracellular delivery of anti-vimentin antibodies and antisense oligonucleotides inhibit neurite initiation but not elongation of existing neurites in neuroblastoma

Vimentin is initially expressed by nearly all neuronal precursors in vivo, and is gradually replaced by neurofilaments shortly after the immature neurons become postmitotic (Cochard and Paulin, 1984, J Neurosci 4:2080; Tapscott et al., 1981, Dev Biol 86:40). A transient increase in neuritic vimentin filaments occurs within the first day of dbcAMP-mediated neurite induction in NB2a/d1 neuroblastoma, after which vimentin levels rapidly decline and neurofilaments increase (Shea, 1990, Brain Res 521:343). In the present study, we tested the possibility that vimentin filaments may function in neurite elaboration by inducing neuritogenesis under conditions where vimentin expression and assembly was inhibited. Intracellular delivery of anti-vimentin antiserum into transiently permeabilized NB2a/d1 cells prevented the initial elaboration of neurites, but did not retract existing neurites. By contrast, intracellular delivery of antiserum directed against the low molecular weight neurofilament subunit or normal rabbit antiserum did not affect neurite outgrowth. Treatment with vimentin antisense oligonucleotides reversibly depleted vimentin synthesis and steady-state levels, and prevented neurite initiation, but did not induce retraction of existing neurites. These findings point toward an hitherto undetected role for vimentin in the initiation of neurite outgrowth.
Contact lenses and allergy

Purpose of review Ocular allergic conditions and contact lens wear affect a large percentage of the population; the implications for interaction of allergy and changes induced by contact lens wear are significant. In addition, contact lenses are used in the treatment of severe forms of ocular allergic disease. Recent findings The major themes of this review are the effects of contact lens wear on tear-film dynamics and structure, the effects of ocular allergy on tear dynamics and structure, the intersection of these two influences, management of contact lens wear in the allergic patient and the use of contact lenses to manage severe ocular allergic disease. Summary The use of newer oral and topical antiallergic drugs in contact lens patients, changes in recommendation for use and wearing schedules and recommendations for the use of scleral lenses in severe allergic-based ocular surface disease are discussed.
Role of secretoglobin 3A2 in lung development.

Rationale: Secretoglobin 3A2 (SCGB3A2) was originally identified as a downstream target in lung for the homeodomain transcription factor NKX2-1, whose null mutation resulted in severely hypoplastic lungs. A very low level of SCGB3A2 is expressed in lungs at Embryonic Day (E) 11.5 during mouse development, which markedly increases by E16.5, the time when lung undergoes dramatic morphologic changes, suggesting that SCGB3A2 may be involved in lung development in addition to a known role in lung inflammation. Objectives: To determine whether SCGB3A2 plays a role in lung development. Methods: To assess a potential role for SCGB3A2 during early lung development, wild-type and Nkx2-1–null fetal lungs of early developmental stages were subjected to ex vivo organ culture in the presence of SCGB3A2. Nkx2-1–null fetuses were exposed to SCGB3A2 during early organogenesis period through intravenous administration of this protein to Nkx2-1–heterozygous pregnant females carrying these null fetuses. Cultured lungs and fetal lungs were subjected to histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. To assess a role for SCGB3A2 in late lung development, SCGB3A2 was administered to pregnant wild-type females during mid- to late organogenesis stages, and the preterm pups and/or their lungs were evaluated for extent of maturity using breathing motion, gross morphology and histology of lungs, expression of gestational stage-specific genes, and phospholipid profiles. Measurements and Main Results: SCGB3A2 significantly promoted both early and late stages of lung development. Conclusions: SCGB3A2 is a novel growth factor in lung.
Multiscale model for predicting damage evolution in composites due to impact loading

A model for predicting the evolution of damage in the form of numerous cracks on multiple length scales in composite materials subject to impact loading is presented. The objective of such a model is to develop the capability to predict failure of structural components subject to very fast loading. Such a capability would then be useful as a predictive tool for designing structural components so as not to fail, but rather to succeed in performing their intended tasks. The model developed herein is somewhat involved, being based in continuum mechanics and thermodynamics, but is nevertheless expected to be cost effective (wherever sufficient accuracy permits) when compared to more costly experimental means of determining component performance. An essential ingredient within the context of the model is that cracks must develop on widely differing length scales. Where this is observed to occur in nature, which is surprisingly often, there are potential simplifications that can lead to computational multiscale algorithms capable of assimilating failure due to multiple cracking with a high degree of accuracy. The model presented herein is briefly described within a mathematical framework, and some example problems are presented in order to verify the computational algorithm.
Programmed administration of parathyroid hormone increases bone formation and reduces bone loss in hindlimb-unloaded ovariectomized rats

Gonadal insufficiency and reduced mechanical usage are two important risk factors for osteoporosis. The beneficial effects of PTH therapy to reverse the estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in the laboratory rat are well known, but the influence of mechanical usage in this response has not been established. In this study, the effects of programed administration of PTH on cancellous bone volume and turnover at the proximal tibial metaphysis were determined in hindlimb-unloaded, ovariectomized (OVX), 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. PTH was administered to weight-bearing and hindlimb-unloaded OVX rats with osmotic pumps programed to deliver 20 microg human PTH (approximately 80 microg/kg x day) during a daily 1-h infusion for 7 days. Compared with sham-operated rats, OVX increased longitudinal and radial bone growth, increased indexes of cancellous bone turnover, and resulted in net resorption of cancellous bone. Hindlimb unloading of OVX rats decreased longitudinal and radial bone growth, decreased osteoblast number, increased osteoclast number, and resulted in a further decrease in cancellous bone volume compared with those in weight-bearing OVX rats. Programed administration of PTH had no effect on either radial or longitudinal bone growth in weight-bearing and hindlimb-unloaded OVX rats. PTH treatment had dramatic effects on selected cancellous bone measurements; PTH maintained cancellous bone volume in OVX weight-bearing rats and greatly reduced cancellous bone loss in OVX hindlimb-unloaded rats. In the latter animals, PTH treatment prevented the hindlimb unloading-induced reduction in trabecular thickness, but the hormone was ineffective in preventing either the increase in osteoclast number or the loss of trabecular plates. Importantly, PTH treatment increased the retention of a baseline flurochrome label, osteoblast number, and bone formation in the proximal tibial metaphysis regardless of the level of mechanical usage. These findings demonstrate that programed administration of PTH is effective in increasing osteoblast number and bone formation and has beneficial effects on bone volume in the absence of weight-bearing and gonadal hormones. We conclude that the actions of PTH on cancellous bone are independent of the level of mechanical usage.
Gangliosides: nonspecific localization in the surface membranes of bovine mammary gland and rat liver.

Abstract Gangliosides were identified as constituents of the plasma membranes of rat liver and of the membranes surrounding fat globules from bovine milk; the latter being derived directly from the apical plasma membrane of mammary secretory cells. Contrary to expectations, gangliosides did not copurify with 5′-nucleotidase, a marker enzyme for the mammalian plasma membrane. Only 10 to 25% of the cellular gangliosides were contained in these surface membranes. These findings emphasize the need to examine specific cell fractions in testing theories relating cell surface changes in tumorigenesis to alterations in ganglioside content of cells. If tumorigenesis and surface gangliosides are related, the findings are important to an explanation for the rare incidence of malignant tumors in lactating bovine mammary gland.
Wrapping of Trees

We explore the descriptive power, in terms of syntactic phenomena, of a formalism that extends Tree-Adjoining Grammar (TAG) by adding a fourth level of hierarchical decomposition to the three levels TAG already employs. While extending the descriptive power minimally, the additional level of decomposition allows us to obtain a uniform account of a range of phenomena that has heretofore been difficult to encompass, an account that employs unitary elementary structures and eschews synchronized derivation operations, and which is, in many respects, closer to the spirit of the intuitions underlying TAG-based linguistic theory than previously considered extensions to TAG.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES IN THE UNITED STATES

It may be labeled sport utility vehicle, SUV, sport-ute, suburban assault vehicle, or a friend of OPEC (Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries). It has been the subject of comics, the object of high-finance marketing ploys, and the theme of Dateline. Whatever the label or the occasion, this vehicle is in great demand. The popularity of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) has increased dramatically since the late 1970s, and SUVs are currently the fastest growing segment of the motor vehicle industry. Hoping to gain market share due to the popularity of the expanding SUV market, more and more manufacturers are adding SUVs to their vehicle lineup. One purpose of this study is to analyze the world of the SUV to determine why this vehicle has seen such a rapid increase in popularity. Another purpose is to examine the impact of SUVs on energy consumption, emissions, and highway safety.
Curriculum Development: Training Primary Care Doctors to Diagnose and Treat Osteoporosis:

The field of osteoporosis is rapidly changing. Furthermore, bone density reports are confusing and inconsistent in nomenclature, method of interpretation, and clinical correlation. A curriculum for primary care health care providers is presented to enable them to take a minimally interpreted bone density study and a risk assessment questionnaire to create a treatment plan. This half day program teaches the health care provider, utilizing a didactic and hands-on program, about bone biology and bone pathology. The participants participate in scanning sessions utilizing a LUNAR dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) bone density machine. They learn treatment and prevention modalities of osteoporosis. Furthermore, they learn how to interpret a minimally interpreted bone density study. Utilizing the bone density study and a risk assessment questionnaire, they are taught how to create a clinical treatment plan for osteoporosis for their patients.
Adapting multitaper spectrograms to local frequency modulation

This paper presents further extensions to the multitaper time-frequency spectrum estimation method developed by the author. The method uses time-frequency (TF) concentrated basis functions which diagonalize the nonstationary spectrum generating operator over a finite region of the TF plane. Individual spectrograms computed with these eigenfunctions form direct TF spectrum estimates, and are combined to form the multitaper TF spectrum estimate. A method is presented for adapting the multitaper spectrogram to locally match frequency modulation in the signal, which can cause broadening of the spectral estimate. An F-test for detecting and removing frequency-modulated tones is also given.
Performance potential of low-voltage power MOSFETs in liquid-nitrogen-cooled power systems

The performance potential of a power MOSFET in cryogenic power electronic systems is discussed. Based on a simple analysis and the measured performance of scaled silicided 30-V power MOSFETs, it is shown that an order of magnitude improvement in on-state resistance can be achieved by cooling to liquid-nitrogen temperature. This performance improvement results in an order of magnitude improvement in optimum power conversion frequency for a given die size, a factor of 2 reduction in die size at a given conversion frequency, and a factor of 3 reduction in total power loss for switched-mode power converters operated at 77 K. >
Projectile Cylinder Accidents Resulting from the Presence of Ferromagnetic Nitrous Oxide or Oxygen Tanks in the MR Suite

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to alert MR users to the potentially lethal consequences of projectile cylinder accidents in the MR environment.CONCLUSION. Projectile cylinder tank accidents still occur and may be increasing, despite adherence to screening policies before MR imaging and safety education of hospital personnel. Four of the last five accidents at our institutions occurred within the past 3 years.
Age and sex differences in long-term outcomes following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement in contemporary clinical practice: findings from the Cardiovascular Research Network

Background-—Patient sex and age may influence rates of death after receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for primary prevention. Differences in outcomes other than mortality and whether these differences vary by heart failure symptoms, etiology, and left ventricular ejection fraction are not well characterized. Methods and Results-—We studied 2954 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.35 undergoing first-time implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for primary prevention within the Cardiovascular Research Network; 769 patients (26%) were women, and 2827 (62%) were aged>65 years. In a median follow-up of 2.4 years, outcome rates per 1000 patient-years were 109 for death, 438 for hospitalization, and 111 for heart failure hospitalizations. Procedure-related complications occurred in 8.36%. In multivariable models, women had significantly lower risks of death (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.80) and heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98) and higher risks for complications (hazard ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.90) than men; patients aged >65 yearshadhigherrisksofdeath(hazardratio1.55,95%CI1.30to1.86)andheartfailurehospitalization(hazardratio1.25,95%CI 1.05to1.49)thanyoungerpatients.Ageandsexdifferencesweregenerallyconsistentinstrata accordingtosymptoms,etiology,and severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, except the higher risk of complications in women, which differed by New York Heart Association classification (P=0.03 for sex–New York Heart Association interaction), and the risk of heart failure hospitalization in older patients, which differed by etiology of heart failure (P=0.05 for age–etiology interaction).
The Social Consequences of Postcommunist Structural Change: An Analysis of Suicide Trends in Eastern Europe

Guided by Durkheim’s classic theory of suicide, this article examines suicide trends and determinants in Eastern European countries for the period of 1989–2006, with particular attention given to the association between postcommunist social change and suicide mortality. I find that countries characterized by more drastic structural change experienced increased suicide rates during the period immediately after the fall of communism. Yet continued reforms were associated with reductions in suicide in more recent years. Further, I observe large gender differences in suicide patterns. Male suicide rates are consistently and strongly related to structural change, while female rates remain almost unaffected. By directly and statistically substantiating the relationship between postcommunist transition and suicide death rates, this study provides a more thorough and textured account of the social consequences of the fall of communism in Eastern Europe.
Dominant Enterprise Size in the Swine Production Industry

Dominant swine enterprise size may be determined by the geographic location of the production unit and the risk attitudes of the producer. Distributions of after-tax net revenues for thirteen swine production units in three subregions of the Corn Belt are generated from empirical data gathered from 1,181 swine enterprises. Stochastic dominance with respect to a function is used to rank these distributions for five Arrow-Pratt intervals. Western swine production units stochastically dominate units in the eastern and southern subregions. Risk-averse producers prefer smaller operations, while risk-loving managers prefer relatively large-scale swine enterprises.
Summarizing Parapsychology in Psychology Textbooks: A Rejoinder to Kalat and Kohn

Responding to Kalat and Kohn (this issue), I note that new methodologies in parapsychology have produced well controlled, theory-derived, process-oriented experiments with replicability rates comparable to those in psychology. Parapsychologists are not in agreement as to whether psi anomalies constitute instances of perception without sensation. In addition, these anomalies are weak and unstable; consequently, it is not yet clear whether they violare the second law of thermodynamics. As scientists and teachers, we have a professional responsibility to be objective and to allow for discussion of data obtained by rigorous applications of the scientific method.
STANDARDIZATION OF NOMENCLATURE IN THE SPATIAL PDI MODEL

This paper establishes a nomenclature for the mathematical system of approximately 100 functions, mappings, and relations comprising the spatial PDI model.
Effects of plant composition and diversity on nutrient cycling

We evaluated the effects of plant functional group richness on seasonal patterns of soil nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, using serpentine grassland in south San Jose, California. We established experimental plots with four functional types of plants: early-season annual forbs (E), late-season annual forbs (L), nitrogen-fixers (N), and perennial bunchgrasses (P). These groups differ in several traits relevant to nutrient cycling, including phenology, rooting depth, root:shoot ratio, size, and leaf C:N content. Two or three species of each group were planted in single functional group (SFG) treatments, and in two-, three-, and four-way combinations of functional groups. We analyzed available nutrient pool sizes, microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus, microbial nitrogen immobilization, nitrification rates, and leaching losses. We used an index of “relative resource use” that incorporates the effects of plants on pool sizes of several depletable soil resources: inorganic nitrogen in all seasons, availabl...
Developmental Expression of Translocator Protein/Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor in Reproductive Tissues

Translocator protein (TSPO) present in the outer mitochondrial membrane has been suggested to be critical for cholesterol import, a rate-limiting step for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Despite the importance of steroidogenesis in regulating reproductive functions, the developmental profile of TSPO expression in the gonads and accessory sex organs has not been completely characterized. As a first step towards understanding the function of TSPO, we studied its expression in male and female murine reproductive organs. We examined testes and ovaries at embryonic days 14.5 and 18.5, and postnatal days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 56 of development. In the adult testis, TSPO was expressed in both Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. In the developing testes TSPO expression was seen in immature Sertoli cells, fetal Leydig cells and gonocytes. In the ovary, TSPO was expressed in the ovarian surface epithelium, interstitial cells granulosa cells and luteal cells. Corpora lutea of ovaries from pregnant mice showed strong expression of TSPO. In the developing ovary, TSPO expression was seen in the squamous pregranulosa cells associated with germ line cysts, together with progressively increasing expression in interstitial cells and the ovarian surface epithelium. In adult mice, the epithelia of other reproductive tissues like the epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicle, oviduct and uterus also showed distinct patterns of TSPO expression. In summary, TSPO expression in both male and female reproductive tissues was not only restricted to steroidogenic cells. Expression in Sertoli cells, ovarian surface epithelium, efferent ductal epithelium, prostatic epithelium, seminal vesiclular epithelium, uterine epithelium and oviductal epithelium suggest either previously unknown sites for de novo steroidogenesis or functions for TSPO distinct from its well-studied role in steroid hormone production.
Biology of the bone marrow microenvironment and myelodysplastic syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by cytopenias resulting from ineffective hematopoiesis with a predisposition to transform to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recent evidence suggests that the hematopoietic stem cell microenvironment contributes to the pathogenesis of MDS. Inflammation and hypoxia within the bone marrow are key regulators of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that can lead to several bone marrow failure syndromes, including MDS. In this brief review, we provide an overview of the clinical and molecular features of MDS, the bone marrow microenvironment, and specific pathways that lead to abnormal blood cell development in MDS. Characterization of key steps in the pathogenesis of MDS will lead to new approaches to treat patients with this disease.
Virtual spacetime: an environment for the visualization of curved spacetimes via geodesic flows

We describe an implementation of a virtual environment for visualizing the geometry of curved spacetime by the display of interactive geodesics. This technique displays the paths of particles under the influence of gravity as described by the general theory of relativity, and is useful in the investigation of solutions to the field equations of that theory. A boom-mounted six degree of freedom head position sensitive stereo CRT system is used for display. A hand position sensitive glove controller is used to control the initial positions and directions of geodesics in spacetime. A multiprocessor graphics workstation is used for computation and rendering. We describe and illustrate with examples several techniques for visualizing the geometry of spacetime using geodesics. Though this work is described exclusively in the context of physical four-dimensional spacetimes, it extends to arbitrary geometries in arbitrary dimensions. While this work is intended for researchers, it is also useful for the teaching of general relativity.
Implementation of a Nurse-Driven Mobility Protocol in Critical Care

Prolonged immobilization plays an important role in negative outcomes of critically ill patients. Immobility is widely documented in the literature as a cause of increased mortality and complications. Despite the growing evidence in support of early mobility, many ICUs are unable to effectively integrate early/progressive mobility into their daily practice. Literature supports early mobilization and physical therapy as a safe and effective intervention that can have a significant impact on functional outcomes. A progressive mobility tool may help to force a daily structured assessment of current mobility status, which supports the critical thinking process by the nurse and team to ensure effective and safe evaluation of the mobility level. The purpose of this project was to increase critical care nurses’ understanding of the concept and benefits of early mobility during an educational program in which a nurse-driven progressive mobility protocol was introduced. Nurses were asked to voluntarily take a preand posttest surrounding the implementation of the protocol. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze study variables and differences between pre and post scores. Nurses’ knowledge regarding mobility of critical care patients increased and 83.3% of nurses responding felt they provided earlier mobility.
Mirada cartográfica y voluntad-de-arquitectura en la obra fascista de Ernesto Giménez Caballero

El fascismo esta saturado de espacio. Asi lo indica toda lectura de algunos de sus rasgos constitutivos (v.g. nacionalismo, imperialismo, totalitarismo), los cuales pueden concebirse como represent...
A new jamming technique for secrecy in multi-antenna wireless networks

We consider the problem of secure wireless communication in the presence of an eavesdropper when the transmitter has multiple antennas, using a variation of the recently proposed artificial noise technique. Under this technique, the transmitter sends a pseudo-noise jamming signal to selectively degrade the link to the eavesdropper without affecting the desired receiver. The previous work in the literature focuses on ideal Gaussian signaling for both the desired signal and the noise signal. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the Gaussian signaling model has important limitations and propose an alternative “induced fading” jamming technique that takes some of these limitations into account. Specifically we show that under the Gaussian noise scheme, the eavesdropper is able to recover the desired signal with very low bit error rates when the transmitter is constrained to use constant envelope signaling. Furthermore, we show that an eavesdropper with multiple antennas is able to use simple, blind constant-envelope algorithms to completely remove the Gaussian artificial noise signal and thus defeat the secrecy scheme. We propose an alternative scheme that induces artificial fading in the channel to the eavesdropper, and show that it outperforms the Gaussian noise scheme in the sense of causing higher bit error rates at the eavesdropper and is also more resistant to constant modulus-type algorithms.
Age and Self-Relevance Effects on Information Search During Decision Making

Objectives. W e investigated how information search strategies used to support decision making were influenced by self-related implications of the task to the individual. Consistent with the notion of selective engagement, we hypothesized that increased self-relevance would result in more adaptive search behaviors and that this effect would be stronger in older adults than in younger adults. Method. W e examined search behaviors in 79 younger and 81 older adults using a process-tracing procedure with 2 different decision tasks. The impact of motivation (i.e., self-related task implications) was examined by manipulating social accountability and the age-related relevance of the task. Results. Although age dif ferences in search strategies were not great, older adults were more likely than younger adults to use simpler strategies in contexts with minimal self-implications. Contrary to expectations, young and old alike were more likely to use noncompensatory than compensatory strategies, even when engaged in systematic search, with education being the most important determinant of search behavior. Discussion. The results support the notion that older adults are adaptive decision makers and that factors other than age may be more important determinants of performance in situations where knowledge can be used to support performance.
Familial differences in schizophrenia with good and poor prognosis.

Probands with schizophrenia of good and poor prognosis were selected according to defined criteria. Families were investigated blindly. The families with poor prognosis contained significantly more schizophrenia, neurosis, and overall illness, but less affective disorder than the families with good prognosis.
Promising agents at the interface of biology and oncology derived through chemical synthesis

This account traces the development of our synthetic glycopeptide- and glyco- protein-based research program over the past decade. We recount the syntheses of a number of biologically relevant, natural product-inspired glycopeptide constructs, including those as- sociated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) and with the gp120 surface envelope protein of HIV. We also describe our progress toward the synthesis of the multiply glycosylated protein, erythropoietin (EPO). Particular emphasis is placed on the development of enabling method- ologies which allow for the ligation of complex glycopeptide fragments, thus rendering it possible to access, through purely synthetic means, homogeneous, multidomainal glyco- peptide and glycoprotein constructs.
Chemical bonding topology of superconductors: I. Ternary molybdenum chalcogenides (Chevrel phases)

Abstract Models for the chemical bonding topologies of ternary molybdenum chalcogenides (Chevrel phases) are derived using methods based on graph theory. The M Mo 6 S 8 Chevrel phases as well as their selenium analogs are viewed as three-dimensional lattices of edge-localized discrete Mo 6 octahedra linked electronically through interoctahedral metal-metal interactions. This porously delocalized chemical bonding topology is suggested to be a feature of superconducting systems exhibiting relatively high critical temperatures and magnetic fields. Fusion of molybdenum octahedra through face-sharing leads successively to the Mo 9 S 11 naphthalene analog and the Mo 12 S 14 anthracene analog, with increasing fusion leading to increasing delocalization of the chemical bonding topology within individual molybdenum cluster units. The infinite limit of such fusion of molybdenum octahedra corresponds to the infinite chain pseudo-one-dimensional metals [ M 2 Mo 6 X 6 ] ∞ ( M = monovalent metal; X = S, Se, Te) which are formulated with globally delocalized octahedral cavities. Thus the progression from discrete Mo 6 octahedra in the M Mo 6 S 8 Chevrel phases to the infinite chains of face-fused octahedra in [ M 2 Mo 6 X 6 ] ∞ leads to a progression from an edge-localized to a globally delocalized chemical bonding topology.
The Connection between Trends of Mean Temperature and Circulation at the Surface: Part II. Summer

Abstract The local temperature trends in summer are not so obviously associated with advection changes as are those in winter. This appears to be due to weaker temperature contrasts at middle and high latitudes in summer combined with a smaller amplitude of the mean waves. A larger share of the total variance in the trend of sea level pressure is accounted for by the shorter waves than in winter. Local temperature changes are as big in summer as in winter in many places at middle latitudes, whereas in the arctic they are appreciably smaller. The zonally averaged trends in summer are larger at middle than at high latitudes, which is the reverse of winter. The sign of the zonally averaged temperature changes differs from one latitude belt to another as in winter, and the sign at a given latitude is not necessarily the same in both seasons. In contrast with winter, the sensible heat transport by mean waves in the sea level pressure in summer plays an insignificant part in causing trends in the zonally averag...
Patient Safety Indicators for Judging Hospital Performance Still Not Ready for Prime Time

Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) were originally intended for use as a screen for quality of care but are now being used to rank hospitals and to modify hospital reimbursement. PSI data are dependent on accuracy of clinical documentation and coding. Information on whether a PSI event is inherent to the nature of the operation or posed a significant impact on the outcome is lacking. Cases for one year at a single academic center were queried. Cases with target PSIs were included (n = 136). Cases were evaluated for both the inherent nature and significance of injury. Both patient safety officers agreed that the PSI event was inherent to the disease process, and thus, the procedure and was not a marker of patient safety (false positive) in 11.8% to 33.3% of cases. Both reviewers agreed that the events were not clinically significant in 11.8% to 30.4% of cases. This study found high false-positive rates and only moderate interrater reliability for 3 PSIs. PSIs as currently reported are not reliable enough to be utilized for ranking.
The Shift in How 'Home' Is Encountered in the Enacted Ritual of the American Musical

As places, locations, landscapes and localities go, no image is more potent than that of home. The history of the enacted rituals played out in the American musical reveals a shift in how we define and how we encounter ‘home’ as the center of our personal, communal and national spheres and the most potent signifier of our identities on those levels. In early American musicals, the central character’s journey is to enter the marital home. Mismatched lovers in these musicals were ultimately reunited with their correct partners and entered the appropriate marital homes, explicitly or implicitly, as the curtain rang down. With the Rodgers and Hammerstein paradigm the central character’s journey shifted to leaving ‘home’ in order to learn that they had to return; in South Pacific Nellie’s return to de Becque’s terrace is inevitable, as is Mrs. Anna’s to the Court of Siam in The King and I and Tommy’s to Brigadoon. The upheavals of the 1960’s/1970’s were reflected in the American musicals of that period. The Jets and Sharks inhabit a completely different world at the end of West Side Story than the one they inhabited at the musical’s start; and, by the end of Fiddler on the Roof Anatevka is merely a point of departure. By the 1980’s the central character’s journey was to discover that their original definition of home failed, and to go out into the world to develop a new construct. In March of the Falsettos , the home that Marvin ultimately fashions with Whizzer, Trina, Jason and Mendel was as unconventional and allencompassing as it got in 1981. The surviving characters in Into The Woods not only have to reconstruct home, but community itself. Rent , Ragtime , Mamma Mia , Hairspray all participate in this ritual enactment of redefining home and community to reflect a more comprehensive vision.
Distribution of T-Lymphocytes and B-Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood and Effusions of Patients With Cancer

The relative distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood and in pleural or abdominal effusions was compared among 24 patients with fluid accumulation due to metastatic cancer and 8 patients without evidence of cancer. The data obtained indicated that the mean percentage of T-lymphocytes in malignant effusions was significantly greater than that in the peripheral blood of the same patients. At the same time, the mean eprcentage of B-lymphocytes was decreased in malignant effusions when compared with peripheral blood. Neither of these differences was observed when effusions and blood of patients with nonmalignant effusions were compared. In addition, patients with both types of effusions had fewer total lymphocytes in their blood than did normal control patients, whereas those with cancer-associated effusions had an increased proportion of active T-lymphocytes in their blood.
Improved prognosis for patients with mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma

Patients with diffuse lymphoblastic lymphoma (which includes convoluted lymphocytic lymphoma) with mediastinal involvement have predictable progression of disease to a leukemic phase that is cytologically indistinguishable from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Therefore we treated 12 patients with diffuse lymphoblastic lymphoma involving the mediastinum with therapy that is effective in ALL. Treatment consisted of intermittent combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and preventive central nervous system therapy (craniocervical irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate). Mediastinal irradiation was given either for initial respiratory distress or to patients who had incomplete regression of disease following induction chemotherapy. Eleven patients achieve complete remission. With a median follow-up of 41 mo, and using life table analysis, 86% of these patients have remained in continuous complete remission. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of treating diffuse lymphoblastic lymphoma with mediastinal presentation as a disseminated lymphoid malignancy.
The non-uniqueness of the atomistic stress tensor and its relationship to the generalized Beltrami representation

Abstract The non-uniqueness of the atomistic stress tensor is a well-known issue when defining continuum fields for atomistic systems. In this paper, we study the non-uniqueness of the atomistic stress tensor stemming from the non-uniqueness of the potential energy representation. In particular, we show using rigidity theory that the distribution associated with the potential part of the atomistic stress tensor can be decomposed into an irrotational part that is independent of the potential energy representation, and a traction-free solenoidal part. Therefore, we have identified for the atomistic stress tensor a discrete analog of the continuum generalized Beltrami representation (a version of the vector Helmholtz decomposition for symmetric tensors). We demonstrate the validity of these analogies using a numerical test. A program for performing the decomposition of the atomistic stress tensor called MDStressLab is available online at http://mdstresslab.org .
Area-Wide Efficacy of a Localized Forest Pest Management Practice

Few experimental studies have examined the movement of forest pest populations, particularly in response to management tactics that disrupt the growth of pest infestations. We quantified the interinfestation patterns of dispersal of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), by monitoring the fates of fluorescently marked beetles after emergence from small natural infestations. Dispersal patterns from 3 untreated infestations were compared with those from 6 infestations treated with the widely used disruption suppression tactic, cut-and-leave (infested trees are felled and left in the forest). Among untreated infestations, 10 +/- 4% (+/- 1 SE) of the marked beetles were successful in colonizing experimentally created infestations located 100-500 m away. The highest proportion of marked beetles was recaptured at the nearest experimental infestations (at 100 m) and recaptures declined precipitously with distance from the source. Dispersal by beetles emerging from disrupted infestations showed a similar pattern to untreated infestations with respect to distance, but a much greater fraction of the beetles were recaptured at each distance. Overall, colonization success for treated infestations was 37 +/- 6%, almost a 4-fold increase over untreated infestations. This suggests that by altering the dispersal patterns of beetles, the cut-and-leave suppression tactic may favor increased densities of flying beetles, and possibly more infested timber, in the surrounding region. Effective control of mobile pests may be enhanced by expanding our spatial scope and seeking to maximize the area-wide, not just the local, efficacy of management tactics.
Changes with age in amino acid composition of arterial elastin.

SummaryComparative analyses of elastin from young and old aortas reveal a pattern of characteristic age changes consisting of increase in specific gravity, calcium, and free carboxyl groups. There is an underlying shift in relative amino acid composition. In contrast to the aorta, the pulmonary artery shows minimal age changes.
Vibrational Analysis of an Ice Ih Model from 0 to 4000 cm–1 Using the Ab Initio WHBB Potential Energy Surface

We present an analysis of the vibrational modes of a model of hexagonal ice, ice Ih, comprised of 192 monomers with a core region of 105 monomers, using the ab initio WHBB potential energy surface [Wang, Y.; Shepler, B.; Braams, B.; Bowman, J. M. J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 094509]. A standard normal-mode analysis and a local-monomer normal-mode analysis of 105 core monomers are performed to obtain harmonic frequencies and state densities of the “pseudo-translation” (0–400 cm–1), “libration” (500–1100 cm–1), monomer bend fundamental (∼1600 cm), and O–H stretch (∼3000–3700 cm–1) bands. In addition, the coupled local-monomer model is used to obtain the vibrational density of states in the bend fundamental and O–H stretch regions. The harmonic and local-monomer vibrational density of states obtained from core monomers are in good agreement with those of inelastic neutron scattering spectra, especially the latter, which accounts for anharmonic coupling of monomer modes. Full deuteration is also considered, and ...
Research on Taiwan Rural Scientific and Technological Information Broadcasting

The broadcasting status of Taiwan rural scientific and technological information was analyzed from the development history,features,management system and mechanism.The article aimed to help learning experience from Taiwan rural scientific and technological information broadcasting and to provide new ideas for creating cooperation mechanisms of rural scientific and technological information broadcasting between Fujian and Taiwan Provinces.
Untangling Microphysical Impacts on Deep Convection Applying a Novel Modeling Methodology. Part II: Double-Moment Microphysics

AbstractThe suggested impact of pollution on deep convection dynamics, referred to as the convective invigoration, is investigated in simulations applying microphysical piggybacking and a comprehensive double-moment bulk microphysics scheme. The setup follows the case of daytime convective development over land based on observations during the Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (LBA) experiment in Amazonia. In contrast to previous simulations with single-moment microphysics schemes and in agreement with results from bin microphysics simulations by others, the impact of pollution simulated by the double-moment scheme is large for the upper-tropospheric convective anvils that feature higher cloud fractions in polluted conditions. The increase comes from purely microphysical considerations: namely, the increased cloud droplet concentrations in polluted conditions leading to the increased ice crystal concentrations and, consequently, smaller fall velocities and longer residence times. There is no impact on conv...
ENHANCED BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING X-10 PLC WITH GAS SENSOR ANOMALY DETECTION

This paper demonstrates a Building Management System that uses X-10 PLC, sensors, actuators, and microcontroller to control the lighting, the electrical outlets and switches depending on several conditions inherent to BMS. The unique feature of this BMS is the anticipation of an anomaly in the gas sensor like disconnection during renovation or malfunction which makes it inoperable thus exposing the tenants or occupants of the premises to unbeknown hazards. If an anomaly exists, the switches and the outlets are disabled so as not to cause arcing which is the common source of ignition for the leaked LPG gas. Another unique feature of this system is that it does not need to install new wiring since X-10 PLC uses the electrical wires as the communications medium.
Hyper-IgE Syndromes and the Lung

Elevated serum IgE has many etiologies including parasitic infection, allergy and asthma, malignancy, and immune dysregulation. The hyper-IgE syndromes caused by mutations in STAT3, DOCK8, and PGM3 are monogenic primary immunodeficiencies associated with high IgE, eczema, and recurrent infections. These primary immunodeficiencies are associated with recurrent pneumonias leading to bronchiectasis; however, each has unique features and genetic diagnosis is essential in guiding therapy, discussing family planning, and defining prognosis. This article discusses the clinical features of these primary immunodeficiencies with a particular focus on the pulmonary manifestations and discussion of the genetics, pathogenesis, and approaches to therapy.
Ultrasonic and Hydrodynamic Techniques for Particle Removal from Silicon Wafers

Ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cleaning techniques were used to remove particulate contaminants from bare silicon wafers and wafers with surface oxide layers. The variation of cleaning efficiency with particle size, composition and cleaning solvent was quantified. In comparison to submicrometer polystyrene and glass particles, silicon dust was found to be a particularly difficult contaminant to clean. The RCA standard cleaning solution (SC-1), which is a blend of 5 H2O : 1 NH4OH: 1 H2O2, when used in the ultrasonic or hydrodynamic cleaner, was less effective than DI-water in removing silicon particles, especially at low cleaning energies. Both types of cleaning systems resulted in particle removal efficiencies above 80% for submicrometer particles, the ultrasonic technique being more sensitive to particle and wafer surface composition.
Welfare as Wrecking Ball: Constructing Public Responsibility in Legal Encounters Over Public Housing Demolition

Scholarship on welfare privatization illustrates how the process often curtails and undermines public responsibility for the poor. In this article, I examine how recipients, policy makers, and judges participate in the legal process as a means of challenging and defending privatization. I look at cases of litigation initiated by public housing tenants between 1985 and 2012 to fight the demolition of their homes to explore the changing meaning of public responsibility within a shrinking public sector. My findings show that as legislative and administrative reforms steered courts toward a more flexible understanding of public responsibility, courts gave increasing attention to the economic hardships experienced by the state itself, while downplaying the plight of low-income tenants.
Crossword Puzzle: MathFest 2018

ACROSS1. “Obviously!”6. Point of non-differentiability, sometimes10. Baseball legend Ripken13. Location of Brigham Young University14. A 66-Across may be this style15. “The news is 5 o’clock.”17. P...