cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ozone and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Florida: Identifying critical windows of exposure

Abstract Introduction Ozone (O3) has been linked to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). However, inconsistent results have been reported, and no study has examined the critical exposure windows during pregnancy. Materials and methods We used Florida birth vital statistics records to investigate the association between HDP and O3 exposure among 655,529 pregnancies with conception dates between 2005 and 2007. Individual O3 exposure was assessed at mothers’ home address at the time of delivery using the Hierarchical Bayesian space-time statistical model. We examined the association during three predefined exposure windows including trimester 1, trimester 2, and trimesters 1&2, as well as in each week of the first two trimesters using distributed lag models. Results Pregnancies with HDP had a higher mean exposure to O3 (39.07 in trimester 1, 39.02 in trimester 2, and 39.06 in trimesters 1&2, unit: ppb) than those without HDP (38.65 in trimester 1, 38.57 in trimester 2, and 38.61 in trimesters 1&2, unit: ppb). In the adjusted logistic regression model, increased odds of HDP were observed for each 5 ppb increase in O3 (ORTrimester1=1.04, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.06; ORTrimester2=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04; ORTrimester1&2=1.07, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.08). In the distributed lag models, elevated odds of HDP were observed with increased O3 exposure during the 1st to 24th weeks of gestation, with higher odds during early pregnancy. Conclusions O3 exposure during pregnancy is related to increased odds of HDP, and early pregnancy appears to be a potentially critical window of exposure.
ANALYSIS OF THE $sup 208$Pb(p,t) REACTION.

Differential cross sections for the ($p,t$) reaction leading to many levels in $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ have been calculated. Three of the transitions are essentially insensitive to the detailed nuclear description, and are used to confirm the treatment of the reaction dynamics. One is therefore in a position to use the reaction to test nuclear wave functions. It is found that agreement between observed and calculated cross sections for many levels is within the assigned errors and confirms the True-Ford wave functions for those levels.
Advances in the Genetic Characterization of Cutaneous Mesenchymal Neoplasms: Implications for Tumor Classification and Novel Diagnostic Markers

Cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasms often pose significant diagnostic challenges; many such entities are rare or show clinical and histologic overlap with both other mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal lesions. Recent advances in the genetic classification of many cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasms have not only helped define unique pathologic entities and increase our understanding of their biology, but have also provided new diagnostic markers. This review details these recent discoveries, with a focus on their implications for tumor classification and diagnosis.
Molecular-Level Insights into Amyloid Polymorphism from Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Abstract Although the molecular structures of globular proteins are determined uniquely by their amino acid sequences, the same is not true of amyloid fibrils. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been especially important in elucidating the molecular structures and structural variations within amyloid fibrils because these measurements provide detailed and site-specific information about molecular conformations and intermolecular associations, without requiring crystallinity or solubility. This chapter discusses several examples in which solid-state NMR has been used to develop full structural models for amyloid structures or to characterize molecular-level structural variations that underlie amyloid polymorphism. The examples include selected results for 40-residue β-amyloid (Aβ1-40) fibrils, fibrils formed by a disease-associated Aβ1-40 mutant, fibrils formed by a 15-residue fragment of Aβ1-40, and fibrils formed by the yeast prion protein Ure2p.
Vibrational two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) study of proteins

A tutorial is provided for the generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS), which is applicable to the vibrational spectroscopic study of proteins and related systems. In 2DCOS, similarity or dissimilarity among variations of spectroscopic intensities, which are induced by applying an external perturbation to the sample, is examined by constructing correlation spectra defined by two independent spectral variable axes. By spreading congested or overlapped peaks along the second dimension, apparent spectral resolution is enhanced and interpretation of complex spectra becomes simplified. A set of simple rules for the intensities and signs of correlation peaks is used to extract insightful information. Simulated IR spectra for a model protein are used to demonstrate the specific utility of 2DCOS. Additional tools useful in the 2DCOS analysis of proteins, such as data segmentation assisted with moving-window analysis, 2D codistribution analysis, Pareto scaling, and null-space projection are also discussed.
Open-source framework for power system transmission and distribution dynamics co-simulation

The promise of the smart grid entails more interactions between the transmission and distribution networks, and there is an immediate need for tools to provide the comprehensive modelling and simulation required to integrate operations at both transmission and distribution levels. Existing electromagnetic transient simulators can perform simulations with integration of transmission and distribution systems, but the computational burden is high for large-scale system analysis. For transient stability analysis, currently there are only separate tools for simulating transient dynamics of the transmission and distribution systems. In this study, the authors introduce an open-source co-simulation framework ‘framework for network co-simulation’ (FNCS), together with the decoupled simulation approach that links existing transmission and distribution dynamic simulators through FNCS. FNCS is a middleware interface and framework that manages the interaction and synchronisation of the transmission and distribution simulators. Preliminary testing results show the validity and capability of the proposed open-source co-simulation framework and the decoupled co-simulation methodology.
Towards clinically more relevant dissection of patient heterogeneity via survival-based Bayesian clustering.

Motivation Discovery of clinically relevant disease sub-types is of prime importance in personalized medicine. Disease sub-type identification has in the past often been explored in an unsupervised machine learning paradigm which involves clustering of patients based on available-omics data, such as gene expression. A follow-up analysis involves determining the clinical relevance of the molecular sub-types such as that reflected by comparing their disease progressions. The above methodology, however, fails to guarantee the separability of the sub-types based on their subtype-specific survival curves. Results We propose a new algorithm, Survival-based Bayesian Clustering (SBC) which simultaneously clusters heterogeneous-omics and clinical end point data (time to event) in order to discover clinically relevant disease subtypes. For this purpose we formulate a novel Hierarchical Bayesian Graphical Model which combines a Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture Model with an Accelerated Failure Time model. In this way we make sure that patients are grouped in the same cluster only when they show similar characteristics with respect to molecular features across data types (e.g. gene expression, mi-RNA) as well as survival times. We extensively test our model in simulation studies and apply it to cancer patient data from the Breast Cancer dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas repository. Notably, our method is not only able to find clinically relevant sub-groups, but is also able to predict cluster membership and survival on test data in a better way than other competing methods. Availability and implementation Our R-code can be accessed as https://github.com/ashar799/SBC. Contact ashar@bit.uni-bonn.de. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Smart Partnership in Contracting: Thriving in a Period of Intense Policy Uncertainty

The smart partnership framework introduced in this article is derived from extensive, on-site interviews with nonprofit and public contract managers conducted in several grounded research projects between 2011 and 2015 and from the research literature on contracting. The framework demonstrates the continuing explanatory power of resource dependence theory that disentangles the formidable influence of the public policy environment on organizational action. It is intended to provide a coherent guide for practice by enabling nonprofit managers in the social services field to navigate the current intense environmental uncertainty in which cross-sector contracting relationships between government agencies and nonprofit organizations are embedded. By providing an accessible way to understand an extraordinarily complex set of inter-organizational dynamics, the model offers a research-based definition and clear visualization of what it means to be a smart partner. It highlights the necessity of understanding the norms, expectations, structures, processes, and culture within which sector counterpart contract managers operate. Fundamental to the range of managerial strategies that the framework calls for is the need explicitly to attend to relationship building, to patterns of variation in relationships over time, and to their probable consequences. The integrative model consists of three inter-related organizational competencies and a number of secondary competencies. Competency 1: understand the dynamic nature of contracting relationships; secondary competencies: recognize predictable variations in relationships; comprehend the importance of multiple institutional logics. Competency 2: develop and sustain capacity for strategic adaptation; secondary competencies: build external and internal learning capacity; discern power shifts in inter-organizational relationships; maintain capability for strategic repositioning. Competency 3: participate proactively in shaping policy change; secondary competencies: attend to relationship development and nurturance; build trust and credibility.
Assessment of Bone Density and Bone Strength

Publisher Summary Quantitative computerized tomography is the only technology that directly measures true volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), but its availability is limited and there are few prospective studies of its true capabilities. DXA measures areal BMD, which is not a true physiologic measurement. However, despite this shortcoming, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has proven to be an invaluable clinical tool in the evaluation of osteoporosis. DXA has several shortcomings with respect to monitoring the progression or regression of osteoporosis. The technologies of biochemical markers of bone remodeling are now mature enough to be applied more routinely in clinical practice as an adjunct to DXA. Methods for detecting disruption in bone microarchitecture have been developed and refined, but the clinical data to determine their true clinical utility are not yet complete.
Understanding Social Responsibility Issues in the Information Age

So, you are taking a trip and have booked your flight, paid your bills, bought a travel insurance and made hotel bookingsall without talking to a single person. Of course, you used the Internet to accomplish your tasks. But how can you be sure that your personal information used to book flights, buy a travel insurance and make hotel bookings would not be used by the concerned companies to send you junk email or it is not sold to some direct marketers without your consent? How can you be sure that your personal information and credit card det ils were transmitted in a secure mode? How can you be sure that online businesses have proper high integrity business processes to handle your private information with due care? You may also have worries that if something does go wrong, i.e., your personal information is stolen, misused or abused, what recourse would you have. These are all legitimate social responsibility concerns which have surfaced more so in the information age because of technological advances and our growing reliance on information and communication technologies to carry out our daily work. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the social responsibility issues in the information age. This is done by considering social responsibility concerns at five levels: • Issues of privacy and confidentiality • Accessibility to technology issues • Property rights and ownership issues • Freedom of speech issues • Issues of quality and reliability of information and the related systems.
Surface analysis with scanning probe microscopy

Scanning probe microscopy is reviewed, including some of the abilities of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The technology of atomic force microscopy is discussed, including tip and cantilever fabrication and preparation, as well as a variety of detection schemes to measure cantilever deflection. Several atomic force microscopy techniques, including constant force imaging, interleaved imaging, resonantly-enhanced imaging, adhesion force microscopy and friction force microscopy are also reviewed. Finally, two important applications of scanning probe microscopy, magnetic force and scanning capacitance microscopy, are discussed.
Vortex bi-layers and the emergence of vortex projectiles in compressible accelerated inhomogeneous flows (AIFs)

Vortex bi-layers and “Vortex Projectiles” (VPs) are the essential coherent structures which emerge in the shock accelerated inhomogeneous (Richtmyer-Meshkov) flows, in particular the light (s/f/s) planar curtain configuration. In our visiometric mode of working, we identify and quantify several vortex processes which emerge in 2D simulations during four time epochs. In particular: large positive and negative secondary circulations that arise from incompressible baroclinic processes; upstream and downstream moving VPs; and an intermediate stratified decaying turbulent sub-domain containing VPs.
Liver infarct after sigmoid resection : an unusual case of mesenteric ischemia

Hepatic infarction is an unusual event. A patient is described who had a hepatic infarct after a sigmoid resection. She was found to have occluded superior mesenteric and celiac arteries, with visceral circulation dependent on the inferior mesenteric artery. Disruption of the collateral circulation was presumed to have caused the subsequent liver infarct. A review of the pathophysiology of liver in farction is presented with particular reference to the relation of arterial occlusion to infarction
Sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients with cancer.

Purpose/objectives To describe the relationship between nocturnal disturbances and sleep (length and quality) in hospitalized patients with cancer. Design Descriptive, correlational. Setting A regional oncology center located in a large teaching hospital. Sample Fifty hospitalized patients with cancer (58% female, x age = 48 years), all with solid tumors. Methods The investigator observed and recorded the number and characteristics of nocturnal disturbances using the Sleep Environment Observation Tool and the Taxonomy of Patient Participation. Patients completed the Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale, which measures perceived sleep length and quality. Main research variables Number and timing of nocturnal disturbances, patient participation in care, sleep length, and sleep quality. Findings Number and total duration of nocturnal disturbances as well as level of patient participation in nocturnal care were negatively correlated with sleep quality. Sleep length was not correlated with any other variable. Conclusions Nocturnal disturbances had a negative effect on sleep quality. Implications for nursing practice The number and duration of disturbances and the level of patient participation in care should be minimized during nighttime hours.
Mechanisms of transport for the uptake and release of biogenic amines in nerve endings.

Reports on the amine transport mechanism located at the plasma membrane of nerve endings have been extensively reviewed for general characteristics 30, 31, 49, and for the effects of electrolytes 46. The nerve ending is uncommon, or unique in the sense that the product of secretion is recaptured almost immediately by the secretory organ. Transport, therefore, may be a bidirectional phenomenon in nerve endings. As a result of investigations, a synaptic sub-unit is envisaged in which electrolytes play an important role in the mobilization of amine as well as for transport in both directions.
CHANGE-OF-DIRECTION DEFICIT IN COLLEGIATE WOMEN’S RUGBY UNION PLAYERS

Change-of-direction (COD) ability is an essential component of rugby union. As most COD tests use total time to measure COD performance, the COD deficit has been developed as a metric to isolate COD ability independent of linear sprint speed. This study investigated relationships between sprint time, 505 time, and COD deficit in collegiate women’s rugby union players. Seventeen players from the one team performed a 20-m sprint (0-5, 0-10, and 0-20 m intervals were measured), and the 505 from each leg. The COD deficit for both legs was calculated as the difference between average 505 and 10-m time. Correlations were calculated between the 505 and COD deficit with the sprint intervals (p ≤ 0.05). To compare 505 time and COD deficit, z-scores were derived; the difference in these scores were evaluated for each participant. The COD deficit did not correlate with the sprint interval times (r = -0.370 to -0.045). Right-leg 505 time did correlate with the 0-10 and 0-20 m intervals (r = 0.483-552). Six of 17 participants for the left leg, and five of 17 for the right leg, were classified differently for COD ability when comparing standardized scores for 505 time versus COD deficit. More than half the participants (53-59%) had meaningful differences between 505 time and COD deficit for each leg. These results suggested that the COD deficit may be a more isolated measure of COD ability and provided a different measure of this ability compared to 505 time in collegiate women’s rugby union players.
The Impact of Hypomania on Aerobic Capacity and Cardiopulmonary Functioning—A Case Report

Background: Hypomanic episodes are characterized by increased goal-directed behavior and psychomotor agitation. While the affective, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations of such episodes are well-documented, their physiological influence on aerobic capacity and cardiopulmonary functioning are unknown. Methods: We describe a case report of an individual with schizophrenia who experienced a hypomanic episode while serving as a control participant (wait list) in a single-blind, randomized clinical trial examining the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) on neurocognition in people schizophrenia. As part of the trial, participants completed two scheduled clinical assessments and cardiopulmonary exercise tests (VO2max) at baseline and 12 weeks later at end of study. All participants received standard psychiatric care during the trial. Following a baseline assessment in which he displayed no evidence of mood lability, the subject returned on Week-12 for his scheduled follow-up assessment displaying symptoms of hypomania. He was able to complete the follow-up assessment, as well as third assessment 2 weeks later (Week-14) when his hypomanic symptoms ebbed. Results: While not engaging in AE, the subject's aerobic capacity, as indexed by VO2max, increased by 33% from baseline to Week-12. In comparison, participants engaged in the aerobic exercise training increased their aerobic capacity on average by 18%. In contrast, participants in the control group displayed a small decline (-0.5%) in their VO2max scores. Moreover, the subject's aerobic capacity increased even further by Week-14 (49% increase from baseline), despite the ebbing of his hypomania symptoms at that time. These changes were accompanied by increases in markers of aerobic fitness including peak heart rate, respiratory exchange rate, peak minute ventilation, watts, and peak systolic blood pressure. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and peak diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hypomania produce substantial increase in aerobic capacity and that such elevations may remain sustained following the ebbing of hypomanic symptoms. Such elevations may be attributed to increased mobility and goal-directed behavior associated with hypomania, as individuals in hypomanic states may ambulate more frequently, for longer duration, and/or at higher intensity. Our results provide a first and unique view into the impact of hypomania on aerobic capacity and cardiopulmonary functioning.
Intraocular involvement of Mantle cell lymphoma: A case report and literature review.

Abstract Lymphomatous involvement of the ocular adnexal region (OAR) is generally rare; however, it constitutes the most common ocular malignancy. Most cases of ocular adnexal lymphomas are extra nodal marginal zone B cell lymphomas. Mantle cell lymphoma involvement (MCL) of the OAR is a less common presentation compared with other lymphomas and it has been reported anecdotally. Studies have suggested an association of OAR involvement with poor prognosis. Here, we report the case of a 61 year old man who started experiencing conjunctival erythema which was followed by development of bilateral proptosis. The diagnosis of Stage IV Mantle cell lymphoma with OAR involvement was confirmed 5 months after patient onset of symptomatology. He underwent treatment with systemic chemotherapy, which was followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplant. He is currently day +100 from his transplant and is in complete remission. A review of the literature regarding ocular involvement of MCL is also summarized.
Role of prion protein glycosylation in replication of human prions by protein misfolding cyclic amplification.

Prion diseases are transmissible neurological disorders associated with the presence of abnormal, disease-related prion protein (PrPD). The detection of PrPD in the brain is the only definitive diagnostic evidence of prion disease and its identification in body fluids and peripheral tissues are valuable for pre-mortem diagnosis. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is a technique able to detect minute amount of PrPD and is based on the conversion of normal or cellular PrP (PrPC) to newly formed PrPD, sustained by a self-templating mechanism. Several animal prions have been efficiently amplified by PMCA, but limited results have been obtained with human prions with the exception of variant-Creutzfeldt–Jakob-disease (vCJD). Since the total or partial absence of glycans on PrPC has been shown to affect PMCA efficiency in animal prion studies, we attempted to enhance the amplification of four major sporadic-CJD (sCJD) subtypes (MM1, MM2, VV1, and VV2) and vCJD by single round PMCA using partially or totally unglycosylated PrPC as substrates. The amplification efficiency of all tested sCJD subtypes underwent a strong increase, inversely correlated to the degree of PrPC glycosylation and directly related to the matching of the PrP polymorphic 129 M/V genotype between seed and substrate. This effect was particularly significant in sCJDMM2 and sCJDVV2 allowing the detection of PK-resistant PrPD (resPrPD) in sCJDMM2 and sCJDVV2 brains at dilutions of 6 × 107 and 3 × 106. vCJD, at variance with the tested sCJD subtypes, showed the best amplification with partially deglycosylated PrPC substrate reaching a resPrPD detectability at up to 3 × 1016 brain dilution. The differential effect of substrate PrPC glycosylations suggests subtype-dependent PrPC–PrPD interactions, strongly affected by the PrPC glycans. The enhanced PMCA prion amplification efficiency achieved with unglycosylated PrPC substrates may allow for the developing of a sensitive, non-invasive, diagnostic test for the different CJD subtypes based on body fluids or easily-accessible-peripheral tissues. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is a technique able to detect minute amount of disease-related prion protein (PrPD), but limited results have been obtained with human prions with the exception of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (variant CJD). The study demonstrates that the use of substrates with deglycosylated PrP strongly increases PrPD amplification efficiency by PMCA for all tested CJD subtypes. The enhanced PMCA efficiency may allow for the developing of a sensitive, non-invasive, diagnostic tests for the different CJD subtypes based on body fluids or easily accessible peripheral tissues.
Intrathecal NMDA receptor antibody reactivation due new ovarian teratoma in patient with previously resected ovarian teratoma for anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (P2.370)

Objective: To describe the unusual presentation of a woman successfully treated for anti-NMDAR encephalitis (NMDARE) with ovarian teratoma resection and immunotherapy presenting with biochemical evidence of intrathecal immune reactivation leading to the discovery of a new ovarian teratoma. Background: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, an autoimmune encephalitis caused by CSF IgG antibodies against the GluN1 NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit, typically affects young adults and children, predominantly females harboring a mature teratoma. Antibody titers in CSF and serum are higher in patients with teratoma, and titer changes in CSF and serum are related to relapse. Relapses occur in 12–20% of cases. Patients either unresponsive to treatment or experiencing relapses should be reassessed for a contralateral or recurrent teratoma. Design/Methods: A case report and review of the literature. Results: A 32-year-old with a history of clinically resolved NMDARE treated with left ovarian teratoma resection and methylprednisolone, IVIG, and rituximab presented with eclampsia 1.5 years after initial NDMARE diagnosis. The patient was unaware she was pregnant, and the infant eventually died of eclampisa-induced hypoxic-ischemic injury. The mother’s previous NMDARE prompted maternal and infantile NMDAR antibody testing. The mother’s serum titer was 1:80 and the infant’s was 1:320. The infant’s high titer suggested the mother was again producing intrathecal antibodies, and maternal CSF analysis confirmed this condition. Brain herniation prevented CSF analysis in the infant. Although the mother lacked clinical evidence of NMDARE recurrence, the renewed intrathecal immune activation prompted a work up that revealed a new right ovarian teratoma not seen during initial NMDARE work-up. Conclusions: Our case demonstrates an unusual presentation of immune reactivation in anti-NMDAR encephalitis without evidence of clinical relapse leading to the discovery of a new contralateral teratoma. Disclosure: Dr. Bashir has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kass has received personal compensation for activities as an expert witness in litigation. Dr. Kass has received personal compensation as a speaker at non-commercial CME talks for primary care physicians. Dr. Kass has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for the Ethics and Medicolegal Issues for Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology and Continuum Audio.
Multiple Single Phase Inverters Based Combined Active Power Management and Voltage Regulation of Power Distribution System Based on A Novel Optimal Control Architecture

This paper presents a novel approach to power sharing methodology for parallel connected single phase inverters (SPIs) using Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) based identification of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) system and subsequent optimal control strategy. The idea is evolved from the universal droop controller that can be applied to inverters considering output impedance. The architecture has two control loops: the primary inverter control topology is based on the d-q frame active and reactive power control and the secondary control generate virtual active and reactive powers references using voltage deviations and power unbalance obtained from the ADMM identified transfer functions. The advantages and capabilities of the architecture is evaluated on IEEE 123-bus system for regulating voltage deviations during load changes and other adverse conditions.
Hierarchical multiscale model calibration and validation for materials applications

Abstract This chapter identifies and addresses challenges that arise in calibration of multiscale models. Calibration establishes a link between a model and data. A multiscale model is structurally distinct from a single-scale model; the calibration of a multiscale model is affected by these structural differences. These differences arise due to the multiresponse and multiscale character of the calibration. An approach to the calibration of a hierarchical multiscale model is presented with application to mechanical behavior of bcc Fe, including introduction of the techniques employed in the approach. An empirical test of interscale hierarchical connections is formulated. The relationship between calibration and validation in multiscale modeling is discussed.
Violence and Resilience in Latin American Cities

Editors Kees Koonings and Dirk Kruijt have assembled a group of interdisciplinary scholars to tackle the troubling paradox of Latin America’s continuing high rates of urban violence despite the end...
Isocyanate induced allergic contact dermatitis in a university undergraduate student: An occupational dermatitis case report, review of laboratory safety regulations, and implications for campus research

A 19-year-old female college undergraduate developed an intensely swollen, erythematous and pruritic rash on the face and hands while working in an optical fabrication lab producing photosensitive polymers. She had no respiratory symptoms. The rash was consistent with contact dermatitis and there was no clinical evidence of respiratory involvement with normal spirometry. A review of the safety data sheets of chemicals used in the laboratory revealed several known sensitizers, including 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), dibutyl phthalate, and 2,4,6-tribromophenyl acrylate. Patch testing confirmed the patient's sensitization to HDI. A subsequent worksite visit identified several hazardous chemicals that were used without appropriate hazard communication, training, standard operating procedures, or personal protective equipment. Simple exposure controls were recommended and instituted, and the patient was able to return to work in the laboratory without the recurrence of symptoms. This case demonstrates the importance of hazard identification, communication, and safety training in academic laboratories, for students and workers. A medical evaluation can identify hazards as well as lead to improvements in exposure controls and safe return to research.
Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting in Girls.

Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) involves medically unnecessary cutting of parts or all of the external female genitalia. It is outlawed in the United States and much of the world but is still known to occur in more than 30 countries. FGM/C most often is performed on children, from infancy to adolescence, and has significant morbidity and mortality. In 2018, an estimated 200 million girls and women alive at that time had undergone FGM/C worldwide. Some estimate that more than 500 000 girls and women in the United States have had or are at risk for having FGM/C. However, pediatric prevalence of FGM/C is only estimated given that most pediatric cases remain undiagnosed both in countries of origin and in the Western world, including in the United States. It is a cultural practice not directly tied to any specific religion, ethnicity, or race and has occurred in the United States. Although it is mostly a pediatric practice, currently there is no standard FGM/C teaching required for health care providers who care for children, including pediatricians, family physicians, child abuse pediatricians, pediatric urologists, and pediatric urogynecologists. This clinical report is the first comprehensive summary of FGM/C in children and includes education regarding a standard-of-care approach for examination of external female genitalia at all health supervision examinations, diagnosis, complications, management, treatment, culturally sensitive discussion and counseling approaches, and legal and ethical considerations.
The Global Carbon and Oxygen Cycles

Abstract Life is composed primarily of carbon, so estimates of the global production and destruction of organic carbon give us an overall index of the health of the biosphere. Photosynthetic organisms capture sunlight energy in organic compounds that fuel the biosphere and account for the presence of molecular O2 in our atmosphere. Thus, the carbon and oxygen cycles on Earth are inextricably linked, and the presence of O2 in Earth's atmosphere sets the redox potential for organic metabolism in most habitats. When we understand the carbon cycle, we can make good first approximations of the movement of other elements in global cycles, recognizing the predictable stoichiometry of the chemical elements in organic matter. Currently humans harvest about 20% of the annual production of organic carbon on land. In many areas we have destroyed land vegetation, while in other areas we have planted productive crops and forests. At the moment, it appears that humans have created a net sink for carbon in the terrestrial biosphere, which mitigates some of the anticipated rise in atmospheric CO2 from fossil fuel combustion.
Women's Self-Relevant Goal Pursuit in the Presence of Physical Pain: An Intraindividual Variability Approach.

OBJECTIVES Pursuing personal goals that are relevant to one's sense of self is important for adjusting to age-related changes. Experiences of physical pain, however, are thought to threaten both people's sense of self and their pursuit of personal goals. Although a majority of older women experience physical pain, little is known about their day-to-day regulation of their self-relevant goals in the presence of physical pain. The objectives of this study were to explore associations between physical pain and health goal pursuit on a daily basis for women who identified health as a part of their possible selves. METHODS We took an intraindividual variability approach to analyze whether there were within- and between-person differences in associations between daily pain and daily health goal progress among 62 women who provided data over the course of 100 days, yielding 4,150 occasions of data. RESULTS At the between-person level, women with higher pain on average had lower health goal pursuit on average. At the within-person level, days of higher-than-average pain were associated with lower same-day health goal progress. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that pain interrupts regulation of a self-relevant goal at a within-person-not just between-person-daily level. Future work should consider how these daily, within-person, disruptions affect broader identity processes and overall well-being.
Detecting Nonsynchronous Heart Cells from Video – An Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach

Cardiac myocytes possess the property of automaticity; however, irregularities in the automaticity can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and heart blocks, which can cause life-threatening health concerns. Currently, full-field, high-resolution, anomaly detection methods for non-contact, electro-mechanical dynamics of cardiac myocytes do not exist. This research uses emerging structural dynamic techniques coupled with cutting edge signal processing methods to examine the dynamics of beating heart cells. Applications of this research could offer novel advances in medical diagnostics for heart disorders. A properly functioning heart will have cells that contract together in one global motion. However, in certain pathologic conditions, one cell –or a collection of cells – will beat out of phase with the rest of the heart. Using a combination of blind source separation techniques (non-negative matrix factorization, sparse and low-rank matrix decompositions) and mutual information on videos, these nonsynchronous cardiac myocytes can be identified.
Stromal Cells Exhibit Prevalent Genetic Aberrations in Colorectal Cancer.

Cells within the tumor microenvironment can influence tumor progression; however, genetic alterations in stromal cell populations remain largely unexplored. In this issue, Zhou et al. combine multiomics single-cell sequencing and identify prevalent genetic alterations in colorectal cancer stromal cell populations.
Semantics of Pictorial Space

A semantics of pictorial representation should provide an account of how pictorial signs are associated with the contents they express. Unlike the familiar semantics of spoken languages, this problem has a distinctively spatial cast for depiction. Pictures themselves are two-dimensional artifacts, and their contents take the form of pictorial spaces, perspectival arrangements of objects and properties in three dimensions. A basic challenge is to explain how pictures are associated with the particular pictorial spaces they express. Inspiration here comes from recent proposals that analyze depiction in terms of geometrical projection. In this essay, I will argue that, for a central class of pictures, the projection-based theory of depiction provides the best explanation for how pictures express pictorial spaces, while rival perceptual and resemblance theories fall short. Since the composition of pictorial space is itself the basis for all other aspects of pictorial content, the proposal provides a natural foundation for further pictorial semantics.
From Academic Freedom to Cancel Culture: Silencing Black Women in the Legal Academy

In 1988, Black women law professors formed the Northeast Corridor Collective of Black Women Law Professors, a network of Black women in the legal academy. They supported one another’s scholarship, shared personal experiences of systemic gendered racism, and helped one another navigate the law school white space. A few years later, their stories were transformed into articles that appeared in a symposium edition of the Berkeley Women’s Law Journal. Since then, Black women and women of color have published articles and books about their experiences with presumed incompetence, outsider status, and silence. The story of Black women in the legal academy has been told. And, in 2021, contemporary voices resemble voices from long ago. This Article updates and contextualizes the treatment of Black women law professors. While cancel culture is intended to punish or shame bad actors, in legal academia, Black women are canceled for simply existing. This Article explores the ways in which white academic norms, like academic freedom and hierarchy, explicitly and implicitly silence Black women and “cancel” their academic careers. As a result of the systemic gendered racism inherent in existing norms, Black women are silenced by intersectional microaggressions, white tears, and tokenism. They suffer intersectional battle fatigue, a consequence of having to negotiate identity in ways that result in physical, psychological, and emotional trauma. After defining law schools as white spaces and exploring cancellation tactics, this Article encourages law schools to reevaluate academic norms to create positive experiences for Black women. Amid social unrest, the legal academy is primed to be a key player in modern social justice movements. But first, it must address inequities within.
Living Outside Mental Illness: Qualitative Studies of Recovery in Schizophrenia

Foreword by John S. Strauss Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Is There an Outside to Mental Illness? (With Maria O'Connell, David Sells, and Martha Staeheli)2. Eliciting Narratives 3. Understanding Narratives 4. Living Inside Schizophrenia 5. Living Outside Schizophrenia Conclusion Epilogue Works Cited Index About the Author
Chains, Antichains, and Fences

Chains and antichains are arguably the most common kinds of ordered sets in mathematics. The elementary number systems \(\mathbb{N}\), \(\mathbb{Z}\), \(\mathbb{Q}\), and \(\mathbb{R}\) (but not \(\mathbb{C}\)) are chains. Chains are also at the heart of set theory. The Axiom of Choice is equivalent to Zorn’s Lemma, which we will adopt as an axiom, and the Well-Ordering Theorem. The latter two results are both about chains.
Fisher, Irving (1867–1947)

Abstract Irving Fisher has been widely recognized as one of the greatest American scientific economists. He has been credited with being a primary architect of the ‘pillars and arches’ of modern economics – to borrow a phrase from J. A. Schumpeter – through his contributions to the theory of capital and interest, to monetary theory, and to the construction of index numbers. He was also an activist in promoting economic and social reforms. His reputation suffered during the 1930s when his approach to the discipline was eclipsed by Keynesianism. His accomplishments were then neglected and had to be rediscovered.
MHC class II deletion mutant expresses normal levels of transgene encoded class II molecules that have abnormal conformation and impaired antigen presentation ability.

Successive transfers of HLA-DR alpha and beta genes restored expression of HLA-DR antigens to human B-lymphoblastoid cell line, LCL .174, from which all known expressible class II genes are deleted. While transferent cells displayed large amounts of DR on their surfaces, transgene-encoded DR3 molecules lacked a conformation-dependent epitope. DR1-restricted CTL lysis of DR1-expressing transferents pulsed with native influenza virus proteins was greatly reduced; the same cells were efficiently lysed in the presence of CTL-recognized influenza peptides. The properties of DR-expressing transferents of .174 suggest they are defective in producing peptides from exogenous proteins or in forming DR/peptide complexes. Comparison with other DR-expressing deletion mutants indicates that at least one gene in an approximately 230 kb DNA segment between the DQ1 and Ring 7 loci is needed for normal DR-mediated processing and presentation. Production of DR3 molecules having the conformation-dependent 16.23 epitope and efficient DR1-restricted presentation of influenza viral epitopes occurred in a B cell line that has a mutation specifically eliminating expression of the TAP1 transporter gene, which is in the approximately 230 kb interval and is needed for production of HLA class I/peptide complexes.
Gasoline Consumption in Urban Traffic

A linear relation between fuel consumption per unit distance phi and trip time per unit distance t phi = k1 + k2t, has been shown to adequately explain fuel consumption for different drivers driving normally in urban traffic. In the present study, the applicability of this relation to a wider range of drivers, traffic, driver motivations, ambient temperatures, and vehicles is experimentally investigated. The effect of different driver instructions is studied. For example, drivers instructed to minimize trip time experienced higher fuel consumption than predicted by the linear relation, while those who drove slower than the traffic generally consumed less fuel. The parameters k1 and k2 obtained for different vehicles are approximately proportional to vehicle mass and idle fuel flow rate respectively; therefore, fuel consumption in urban traffic can be preconsumed because of cold starts is determined as a function of trip length for different ambient temperatures. These data are combined with data on the dependence of commuting trip speed on trip length to show that the fuel consumed in commuting trips increases substantially less rapidly than trip distance.
Neural crest development: the interplay between morphogenesis and cell differentiation.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents neural crest morphogenesis as occurring in three distinct phases. The first phase is the segregation of the neural crest from the dorsal neural epithelium. The second phase is the migration of neural crest cells along the ventral path. The third phase is the migration of neural crest cells dorsolaterally. It is important to consider the state of differentiation of neural crest cells during each of these phases, as it may have an impact on their morphogenetic behavior at that point. The pluripotentiality of the neural crest has been subsequently confirmed by backtransplantion studies, as well as by in vivo and in vitro clonal analysis. Recently, it has been appreciated that considerable heterageneity exists in the developmental capability within neural crest subpopulations from different axial levels. Neural crest cells at the vagal level are unique in their ability to contribute to the heart.
Truth or Consequences: A Study of Critical Issues and Decision Making in Accounting

This study applies a theoretical framework, the theory of reasoned action, to the examination of unethical decision making in job-related situations encountered by CPAs. A survey methodology was employed in which respondents were asked to use both self-reported and randomized response techniques for reporting unethical behavior. The results indicate that individuals are unwilling to accurately report either unethical behavior or intention, particularly in situations where there is no question as to the unacceptability of the action or the potential penalty as presented in the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. Implications for the accounting profession and research are discussed.
Mediating Cultures: The Role of African Children's Literature in the Diaspora

African children’s literature maintains significant influence in the lives of children on the continent. In the twenty-first century, and considering the increasing wave of African migrants to new residences across the globe, it has become necessary to investigate its role in the lives of children who migrate with their parents, and those born in the Diapora. In view of the exigent conflicts posed by acculturation, immigrant parents may be turning to children’s literatures with African settings as a resource for inculcating African values in their children and for maintaining continuity with their cultural heritage. This paper argues that this situation presents a problem for immigrant children who are caught between acculturation into the host nation and their parents’ nostalgia and/or anxiety to create “a home away from home.” Notably, first generation African immigrant children are at risk for identity pressures resulting from their sensitivity toward the new environment. Consequently, the emerging conflicts extend to every aspect of immigrant family life, including dressing, cuisine, naming, and especially, choice of reading materials. As a counter to these conflicts, parents may resort to literatures that portray strong African values, thereby making such literatures important sites for mediating Diaspora and African cultures. In this manner, they bridge the spatial distance on the pages of literature. This paper, therefore, examines select children’s texts to evaluate their utility and the extent to which such books can facilitate parental desires to teach African values to their children. It will also assess certain caveats that may impede the primary objectives of parents, such as children’s age and maturity, changing interests and choices of texts, stereotypes, proliferation of children's cartoons/films, and technology that may work against the best interest of African immigrant parents for their children.