cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Femoral head collapse after hip intra-articular corticosteroid injection: An institutional response to improve practice and increase patient safety.

Introduction Femoral head collapse (FHC) is a rarely reported complication of hip intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACSI). Upon observing a high rate of FHC after hip IACSI, we sought to (1) describe how we addressed the problem through a systematic evaluation of clinical data and institutional care practices followed by process improvement efforts; and (2) report our results. Methods Patients receiving hip IACSI during a 27-month period underwent retrospective review to determine the rate of FHC and to identify associated patient factors or practice shortfalls. Findings led to institution-wide interventions: (1) to improve patient/provider awareness of this association; and (2) to develop/implement practice guidelines. Rates of FHC after hip IACSI and practice patterns among providers before and after intervention were compared. Results Initial FHC rate after hip IACSI was 20.4%. Patient-related factors included body mass index (p = 0.025), history of cancer therapy (p = 0.012), Vitamin D level (p = 0.030), and multiple injections (p = 0.004). Volume/dose of injectate and post-injection surveillance methods varied widely. Quality improvement (QI) intervention resulted in fewer treatment referrals (from 851 to 436), fewer repeat injections (mean = 1.61 to 1.37; p = 0.0006), and a 5% lower FHC rate (p = 0.1292). Variation in practice patterns persisted, so a systems-based Clinical Pathway was established. Discussion When a high rate of FHC after hip IACSI was found to be associated with certain patient and practice factors, introduction of education materials and treatment guidelines decreased number of referrals, number of injections per patient, and FHC rate. In the absence of the systems-based Pathway, the type, dose, and volume of injectate and post-procedure follow-up remained variable.
An Innovative Way to Present Qualitative Work: A Review of Life after Leaving: The Remains of Spousal Abuse

Life after Leaving is an innovative, creative, and amazing autoethnographic work in which Tamas explores how women struggle to make sense of loss, get recovery, and experience the loving, longing, fear, uncertainties, trust, hope, and frustration after leaving spousal abuse in the form of a performative and arts-based dramatic story. In this paper I review this book mainly from two aspects: data trustworthiness and data analysis. For qualitative researchers and our doctoral students in education or social studies, the success of this book would encourage all of us to bravely use various and more advanced approach to present our studies and dissertations. Keywords: Autoethnography, Performative, Spousal Abuse, Trustworthiness Life after Leaving is an innovative, creative, and amazing autoethnographic work in which Tamas explores how women struggle to make sense of loss, get recovery, and experience the loving, longing, fear, uncertainties, trust, hope, and frustration after leaving spousal abuse in the form of a performative and arts-based dramatic story. Tamas uses an attractive and coherent story with five acts to not only skillfully address the complete five sections required by a traditional dissertation respectively, but also involve her thoughts changes and daily lives, even some seemingly private things, into the every act of this story. Using multiple artistic expressions such as narratives, dialogues, drawings, journal entries, and poems, this book gives me a fresh feeling and guides me to embark on Tamas’ journey. In this paper, I would like to talk about my feelings of this book from two main aspects: data trustworthiness and data analysis. In Act III, Tamas vividly presents her postmodern philosophical paradigm
Buyer beware: Educate consumers of continuing education

Glossy flyers from academic institutions, professional associations, and aggressive new proprietary groups daily cross the desks of professionals, announcing important and timely programs taught by important and timely instructors. How do practitioners determine who is the best provider and which can assure quality programs? I recently attended a 3-day conference on industrial rehabilitation sponsored by entrepreneurial providers. The sponsors were nationally known for their involvement in work injury management practices. However, I soon came to realize, a familiar name does not ensure a quality continuing education experience. As the days grew on, I sensed I was attending a 3-day commercial. The sponsors set up a table of their products, obviously for sale. Throughout the entire 3-day experience, references were made to their products, practice, and literature. Upon reviewing the reference articles and the sponsors' vitae, I found none of the articles to be data based or research informed. In fact, most were commentaries published in non-refereed journals. The vitae revealed the sponsors' highest level of education to be baccalaureate degrees, with no mention of advanced knowledge or skills acquisition in industrial rehabilitation. Yet, these people very actively promoted themselves and their products as state of the art. My concern is for uninformed practitioners who, as a result of attending such a conference, buy the provider's total 'package.' Too often providers obtain practitioners' trust and money based solely on the familiarity of their name in the field they practice. When, in fact, their name was made familiar by hiring their own proteges to provide workshops across the country using the sponsors' names and promoting their products. The danger lies in the potential for professionals to be led by false or unsubstantiated beliefs. Let the buyer beware. Continuing education has become a free market bred by competition and financial incentives. The time has come for practitioners to be better educated on what to look for in continuing education opportunities. Industrial rehabilitation calls for a melding of medicine, industry, insurance, and government. Given the number of players this implies, a more logical approach to the production of a high quality continuing education experience would be one of cooperation and collaboration among the parties involved. A benefit of this action is reduced costs for each provider, in comparison with single sponsorship. Another benefit is the legitimate ability to expand domains. Combining the knowledge, experience and perspectives of various professions is a powerful strategy for provok-
The Effects of Chemical Modifications on the Reconstitution, Activity, and Stability of Clostridial Ferredoxin

Native ferredoxin isolated from Clostridium acidi-urici cannot be acetylated and is not digested by carboxypeptidase A. However, apoferredoxin, free of iron and sulfide, can be acetylated and the COOH-terminal alanine and glutamine residues are quantitatively removed by carboxypeptidase A. Ferredoxin derivatives can be reconstituted from both modified proteins. The following derivatives were also prepared: N-Acetimido-, N-succinyl-, tetraiodo-, various N-aminoacyl derivatives (glycyl-, phenylalanyl-, lysyl-, glutamyl-, and methionyl-) and N-t-butyloxycarbonyl-. All modified apoferredoxins, except the N-succinyl- and the tetraiodo- derivatives, could be converted to the corresponding ferredoxin derivatives. These had both lower biological activity and stability than the native protein. Those with a positive charge at the NH2-terminal end were more stable than those with no charge (acetyl-, t-butyloxycarbonyl-). Steric effects of the added amino acid derivatives were also detected. It is concluded that both the NH2-terminal and the COOH-terminal amino acids are important for conferring stability to the ferredoxin structure.
Shock-Wave Synthesis of Titanium Aluminides

This paper presents the post-shock analysis of compound formation in an elemental titanium-aluminum powder mixture subject to a wide range of explosive shock-wave loading conditions. Insofar as we are aware, this is the first attempt to synthesize titanium aluminides through use of shock loading. This investigation is a part of a continuing effort to gain improved insight into shock-induced chemical reactions in solids [1].
PsychSim: modeling theory of mind with decision-theoretic agents

Agent-based modeling of human social behavior is an increasingly important research area. A key factor in human social interaction is our beliefs about others, a theory of mind. Whether we believe a message depends not only on its content but also on our model of the communicator. How we act depends not only on the immediate effect but also on how we believe others will react. In this paper, we discuss PsychSim, an implemented multiagent-based simulation tool for modeling interactions and influence. While typical approaches to such modeling have used first-order logic, Psych-Sim agents have their own decision-theoretic model of the world, including beliefs about its environment and recursive models of other agents. Using these quantitative models of uncertainty and preferences, we have translated existing psychological theories into a decision-theoretic semantics that allow the agents to reason about degrees of believability in a novel way. We discuss PsychSim's underlying architecture and describe its application to a school violence scenario for illustration.
Gonadal expression of c-kit encoded at the W locus of the mouse

Recently, it has been shown that the c-kit proto-oncogene is encoded at the white spotting (W) locus in mice. Mutations of this gene cause depletion of germ cells, some hematopoietic cells and melanocytes. In order to define further the role of c-kit in gametogenesis, we have examined its expression in late fetal and postnatal ovaries and in postnatal testis. By RNA blot analysis, c-kit transcripts were not detected in late fetal ovaries but appeared at birth. The relative amount reached a maximum in ovaries of juvenile mice, and decreased in adult ovaries. c-kit transcripts were present in increasing amounts in isolated primordial, growing and full-grown oocytes, as well as in ovulated eggs. Little was detected in early 2-cell embryos and none in blastocysts. In situ hybridization revealed c-kit transcripts in a few oocytes of late fetal ovaries and in all oocytes (from primordial to full-grown) in ovaries from juvenile and adult mice. Expression was also observed in ovarian interstitial tissue from 14 days of age onward. Using indirect immunofluorescence, the c-kit protein was detected on the surface of primordial, growing and full-grown oocytes, as well as on embryos at the 1- and 2-cell stages; little remained in blastocysts. In situ hybridization analysis of testes from mice of different ages demonstrated expression in spermatogonia from 6 days of age onward. Using information provided by determining the stage of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium for a given tubule and by following the age dependence of labeling, it was concluded that the period of expression of c-kit extends from at least as early as type A2 spermatogonia through type B spermatogonia and into preleptotene spermatocytes. Leydig cells were labelled at all ages examined. The expression pattern in oocytes correlates most strongly with oocyte growth and in male germ cells with gonial proliferation.
Variability in commercial ginseng products: an analysis of 25 preparations.

Background: Because dietary supplements are not subject to the same regulations that pharmaceuticals are, there is concern among medical professionals that these products may lack purity or potency. Objective: To determine the variability in a range of ginseng herbal products available in the United States, we identified and measured the concentration of marker compounds by using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Design: Twenty-five commercial ginseng preparations from the genera Panax or Eleutherococcus were obtained from a local health food store and analyzed for 7 ginsenosides (marker compounds for Panax species, which include Asian and American ginseng) and 2 eleutherosides (marker compounds for Eleutherococcus senticosus, also known as Siberian ginseng). Results: All plant products were correctly identified by botanical plant species (ie, Panax species or E. senticosus); however, concentrations of marker compounds differed significantly from labeled amounts. There was also significant product-to-product variability: concentrations of ginsenosides varied by 15- and 36-fold in capsules and liquids, respectively, and concentrations of eleutherosides varied by 43- and 200-fold in capsules and liquids, respectively. Although a systematic search for adulterants was not conducted, review of the HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry data suggest that no substances other than ginsenosides or eleutherosides were extracted from the plant material. Conclusion: Our data suggest that US ginseng products are correctly labeled as to plant genus; however, variability in concentrations of marker compounds suggests that standardization may be necessary for quality assurance and that characterization of herbal products should be considered in the design and evaluation of studies on herbal products.
Response to Commentary: Social Competence in Children With Chronic Illness: Moving the Field Forward

We appreciate the opportunity to reply to the commentary on our recent meta-analysis on social competence in children with chronic medical illness (Martinez, Carter, & Legato, 2011). This recent commentary suggested five areas of concern or challenge with regard to the current state of the literature on this topic, meta-analytical methods in general, and our meta-analysis in particular (Noll & Bukowski, 2012). In this brief commentary, we will clarify our own methodology and interpretation of study results in an attempt to move the field forward and foster an attitude of cooperation, collaboration, and respect among researchers and clinicians who believe that social functioning is an essential developmental domain in children with chronic illness.
Real Estate Risk and the Business Cycle: Evidence from Security Markets

This study reports on the ex-post performance of survivor REITs and RECs over a 14.5-year period covering several business cycles. The results show that the systematic risk and risk-adjusted return...
Proyecto Carrito - When the Student Receives an 'A' and the Worker Gets Fired: Disrupting the Unequal Political Economy of Translingual Rhetorical Mobility

Article for LiCS special issue The New Activism: Composition, Literacy Studies, and Politics.
Changes in the responses of Purkinje cells in the floccular complex of monkeys after motor learning in smooth pursuit eye movements.

We followed simple- and complex-spike firing of Purkinje cells (PCs) in the floccular complex of the cerebellum through learned modifications of the pursuit eye movements of two monkeys. Learning w...
Bayesian approach to single-cell differential expression analysis

A method to model expression variability in single-cell RNA-seq measurements and thus to improve subsequent data analysis.
Inverse neutrinoless double beta decay

Abstract We examine the possibility of producing a W − W − final state in e − e − collisions via Majorana neutrinos and doubly charged Higgs bosons in both an extended standard model and the left-right symmetric model. Such reactions would signal the presence of ΔL =2 lepton number violating couplings. In effect, the reaction discussed is the “inverse” of neutrinoless double beta decay.
Molybdenum Complexes of an Eight-Electron-Donor Monocarbollide Ligand, Geometrically Constrained by Intramolecular Five-Membered-Ring Formation

The complex [N(PPh3)2][1,2-μ-{NHC(Me)O}-2,2,2-(CO)3-closo-2,1-MoCB10H10] (1) is obtained by deprotonating 7-NH2C(O)Me-nido-7-CB10H12 with NaH in THF, adding NCMe and [Mo(CO)6], and refluxing the mixture, with a final addition of [N(PPh3)2]Cl. Compound 1 undergoes cage-substitution reactions with O(CH2)4 or Me2S in the presence of CF3SO3Me and H2SO4, respectively, to yield charge-compensated complexes [1,2-μ-{NHC(Me)O}-2,2,2-(CO)3-7-L-closo-2,1-MoCB10H9] (L = O(CH2)4 (2), SMe2 (3)), and with [Me2NCH2]Cl and TlPF6 to afford [1,2-μ-{NHC(Me)O}-2,2,2-(CO)3-7-NMe3-closo-2,1-MoCB10H9] (4).
Spontaneous transformation of an immortalized hepatocyte cell line: potential role of a nuclear protease.

Abstract In this study, we utilized an in vitro model of spontaneous transformation/progression, an SV40 large T antigen-immortalized rat hepatocyte cell line (designated CWSV14) that is very weakly tumorigenic at low-passage, but acquires a transformed phenotype upon extended passage in cell culture. Here we show that this mid-passage transformation is accompanied by development of aneuploidy and disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, concomitant with a large increase in a chymotrypsin-like nuclear protease activity which we have previously implicated in chemical transformation of fibroblasts and ras-transformation of hepatocytes. Passage of the CWSV14 cells with AAPF cmk , a relatively selective inhibitor of the nuclear protease activity, abrogates the acquisition of the transformed phenotype and prevents the changes in the actin cytoskeleton. We hypothesize that the nuclear protease may play a role in initiating development of genomic instability, paralleling the archetypical role of proteases in paradigms such as the SOS-type responses in bacteria and yeast.
At the Whim of the State: Neoliberalism and Nongovernmental Organizations in Guerrero, Mexico

This paper examines the relationship between the Secretaria de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the Chilapa region of Guerrero, Mexico. I argue that the Mexican state via SEDESOL has effectively harnessed NGOs to perform as regional pillars of neoliberal reform initiatives. The intimacy of this relationship raises serious questions for those who see NGOs performing as vehicles for furthering local or regional "autonomy." Instead, I argue that regional NGOs are key role players in the deepening incorporation of communities into the global industrial economy. Este articulo examina las relaciones entre la Secretaria de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL) y las organizaciones no-gubernamentales (ONGs) en la region de Chilapa, Guerrero, en Mexico. A lo largo del texto, demuestro que el Estado Mexicano y SEDESOL utilizan ONGs para que estas funcionen como pilares del programa neoliberal en la region. Esto contradice la funcion de las ONGs como instancias que permiten a las comunidades rurales obtener mas autonomia. En los hechos, empero, y segun lo sostengo, las ONGs de la region fundan bases importantes de la economia capitalista global.
Sodium-24 excitation function for lithium-6 ions on aluminium

The excitation function for the reaction Al27(Li6; 5p, 4n) Na24 has been measured using the stacked foil technique. The large constant cross section of 43 mb over the energy region from 37 to 63 MeV total beam energy makes this reaction suitable for beam flux monitoring in other nuclear chemical studies.
The great fear: The restoration of the catholic hierarchy in England, 1850

The action by the Pope in 1850 in restoring the Catholic hierarchy in England touched off a brief, but intense, debate over the status of the Catholic Church in that country. Cardinal Wiseman, a prime mover in the restoration, at first misjudged the rhetorical situation and finally adapted to it. The debate failed to produce effective repressive measures and did, on the contrary, demonstrate that such questions would be dealt with rhetorically and not coercively.
Open-globe injuries with motor vehicle accidents: a 12-year review

To evaluate demographics, characteristics, and outcomes of open-globe injuries (OGIs) in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Retrospective chart review of patients with OGIs related to MVAs that presented to University Hospital, Newark, from 2000 to 2012. Twenty-five patients were identified; the average age of the patients was 33.3 years old (range, 5–75). The majority of patients (64 %) were males. The 25 vehicles comprised 24 automobiles and one motorcycle. Ten patients (40 %) wore seatbelts, and five (20 %) did not wear seatbelts. The seatbelt status was not documented in the remaining cases. Ethanol was documented as a contributing factor in five of the accidents. In terms of open-globe classification, 15 OGIs (60 %) were ruptures, and five (20 %) were penetrating injuries; three (12 %) had intraocular foreign bodies. Ten eyes (40 %) had a final VA of 20/400 or worse. Fourteen eyes (56 %) achieved a final VA of 20/200 or better; seven eyes (28 %) achieved a final VA of 20/40 or better. Fifty-six percent of eyes with an open-globe injury related to MVAs achieved a final VA of 20/200 or better in this series. No eyes developed endophthalmitis.
Cloning, expression and characterization of human thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) in E. coli

PCR primers were designed from the known amino acid (aa) sequence for human red blood cell thioltransferase (hRBC TTase) and the known cDNA sequence for pig liver TTase (82% homologous) and used to amplify thioltransferase from a pool of human brain cDNAs. The PCR product was inserted into the pKK233-2 expression vector. The DNA sequence of the insert agreed with the aa sequence. High level expression of the enzyme was accomplished in E. coli, and Western blot analysis confirmed its identity. Recombinant TTase displayed catalytic properties indistinguishable from natural hRBC TTase.
Nanotechnology to Manipulate the Aggregate-Cement Paste Bond Effects on Mortar Performance

It is well recognized that the area of contact between cement paste and aggregates, known as the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), is one of the most vulnerable areas of concrete. The microstructure, chemistry, porosity, and mineralogy of this interface affect the adhesion between the aggregate and the cement paste and therefore, under certain conditions, dictate the performance of concrete. The traditional strategy for improving the ITZ has been the addition of pozzolanic materials having a close relation between surface area and particle size. However, the beneficial effects of these additions to the ITZ are diluted because the additives largely end up in the bulk of the cement paste. Research was done to show the benefit and practicality of depositing pozzolanic materials as thin films on the surface of aggregates to improve the ITZ. Preliminary results show that a small dose of these materials can significantly modify adhesion between aggregate and cement paste in the ITZ. The consequence is an overa...
Emotion and transportation into fact and fiction

“Transportation into a narrative world” is a psychological mechanism through which narrative communication can affect beliefs (Green & Brock, 2000). Transportation, or psychological immersion into a story, entails imagery, emotionality, and attentional focus. Two studies (N = 92 and 126) suggested that when readers’ pre-reading emotional states match the emotional tone of a narrative, transportation into that narrative is increased. Low-arousal positive emotions (contentedness, thoughtful) also increase transportation. Transportation is also associated with greater story-consistent emotional response, even if the emotions evoked by the ending of the story are different from the emotional tone at the start of the story (and readers’ pre-reading emotions). Furthermore, labeling a narrative as fact versus fiction does not affect the intensity of emotional response.
The synthesis, crystal and molecular structure of syn-HOs3[μ-η1-N=C(H)CF3](CO)9PMe2Ph

Abstract The compound syn-HOs3[μ-η1-N=C(H)CF3](CO)9PMe2Ph is one of two isomers which have been obtained from the rection of HOs3[μ-η1-N=C(H)CF3]-(CO)10 with the PMe2Ph. It has been characterized by X-ray crystallographic methods and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It crystallizes in the space group P1, a = 9.067(2) », b = 9.436(2) », c = 15.994(2) »; α = 102.25(2), β = 94.41(2), γ = 92.26(2)°; V = 1331.1(13) »3, Z = 2; ρcalc = 2.639 g/cc. This compound differs from its anti-isomer only in the coordination site of phosphine ligand on the triosmium cluster. The cluster contains a triangular arrangement of three osmium atoms, nine linear carbonyl ligands and a dimethylphenylphosphine ligand. A trifluoromethylalkylidenimino (N=C(H)CF3) ligand symmetrically bridges one edge of the cluster via a nitrogen atom. The NC bond is essentially double, 1.290(11) ».
Una visión holística de la reducción del impacto ambiental en edificios del área del Mediterráneo

LIMA, Low Impact Mediterranean Architecture , is an initiative that aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility and economic viability of drastically reducing the environmental impact of buildings in countries with warm climates. The initiative is applicable to both new construction and torefurbishment and leads to improvements in comfort and indoor quality. The holistic vision of the environmental impact presented here contemplates notonly the energy consumed in use but also the energy and water used in the complete life cycle of the building, including the energy embodied in the materials, as well as aspects relating to health and comfort. The verification methodology is based on the definition and the analysis of atypical, reference, block of flats, the actual construction of a prototype representative of a substitution of one flat within this reference block,and the monitoring and analysis of this prototype in standard conditions and also when actually occupied.
The initial standardization of the adolescent behavioral classification project instrument

An instrument has been developed through the Adolescent Behavioral Classification Project for assessing an adolescent's problems and for establishing a taxonomy of behaviors and of persons. Standardization has initially consisted of collecting from many sources 482 statements of problem behaviors and 30 “positive” behaviors, which can be observed by nonprofessional as well as professional persons; administering these behavior statements to 156 institutional and 94 noninstitutional mental health center adolescents and 376 of their parents; carrying out principal components analyses on the behavioral items and 3 demographic items, followed by Varimax and Promax rotations. Twentyfive factors scored on 410 items resulted from these procedures. Internal consistency coefficients for the factors range from .47 to .86. Test-retest reliabilities on a sample of 10 youths ranged from .24 to .94, with an average rtt of .71. Factor scores for different classes of respondents were fairly well correlated from one set to another. The different classes of respondents did not differ significantly from one another on “caution” items. Similarities are noted, by inspection, between these factors and those derived from the Children's Behavioral Classification Project and between those other authorities have set forth and the ABCP
Modeling the effects of serial off-gas reuse on the performance of a hooded surface oxygen absorption system

Abstract A numerical model was used to evaluate the performance of a surface agitation system designed to contact commercial oxygen with water. The modeled system was unique in that oxygen-rich off-gas, normally discharged to the atmosphere, was directed in serial reuse through additional contact stages receiving untreated water. A correlation between the agitator mass-transfer coefficient and power demand, needed to calibrate the model, was established using a single-stage (37 W) contactor of 1·18 m 3 capacity. Additional tests, conducted with both single and three-stage equipment, verified model assumptions and performance predictions. Simulation runs indicated oxygen flow or power input required to meet a given effluent dissolved gas criterion can be substantially reduced by the off-gas reuse step; for example, to achieve an effluent dissolved oxygen of 24·1 mg/litre with a single stage agitator the oxygen feed rate needed was 61·5% greater than that required by a six-stage system receiving the same total power input (standard aeration efficiency, 0·5 kg/kW h; water flow rate, 100 litre/min; influent dissolved oxygen, 9·08 mg/litre at 15°C). The savings achieved increased with (1) greater target effluent dissolved oxygen concentrations, (2) lower oxygen feed rates, (3) higher input power levels, and (4) number of contact stages.
Influence of Coolant Density on Turbine Blade Film-Cooling With Axial Shaped Holes

Adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness is examined systematically on a typical high pressure turbine blade by varying three critical flow parameters: coolant blowing ratio, coolant-to-mainstream density ratio, and freestream turbulence intensity. Three average coolant blowing ratios 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0; three coolant density ratios 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0; two turbulence intensities 4.2% and 10.5%, are chosen for this study. Conduction-free pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique is used to measure film-cooling effectiveness. Three foreign gases — N2 for low density, CO2 for medium density, and a mixture of SF6 and Argon for high density are selected to study the effect of coolant density. The test blade features axial shaped holes on the suction side and pressure side, and 3 rows of 30° radial-angle cylindrical holes around the leading edge region. The inlet and the exit Mach number are 0.27 and 0.44, respectively. Reynolds number based on the exit velocity and blade axial chord length is 750,000. Results reveal that the PSP is a powerful technique capable of producing clear and detailed film effectiveness contours with diverse foreign gases. As blowing ratio exceeds the optimum value, it induces more mixing of coolant and mainstream. Thus film-cooling effectiveness reduces. Greater coolant-to-mainstream density ratio results in lower coolant-to-mainstream momentum and prevents coolant to lift-off; as a result, film-cooling increases. Higher freestream turbulence causes effectiveness to drop everywhere except in the region downstream of suction side. Results are also correlated with momentum flux ratio and compared with previous studies. It shows that compound shaped hole has the greatest optimum momentum flux ratio, and then followed by axial shaped hole, compound cylindrical hole, and axial cylindrical hole.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Friendship Patterns among Older Women

This study examined the friendship patterns of older women. The participants in the study were white, middle-class, urban women, sixty-five years of age or older. Results indicated the older widowed women received more help from their friends than did married older women. In addition, significant differences in the morale of the older women were found according to the equity of helping behaviors with friends. Specifically, those equitably benefited women had a higher mean morale score than over benefited women. The under benefited women also had a higher mean morale score than the over benefited women. Discussion centered on the importance of friends in the lives of older women as well as on implications for friendship support systems in late life.
The Effect of Geography and Citizen Behavior on Motor Vehicle Deaths in the United States

Death due to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) remains a leading cause of death in the US and alcohol plays a prominent role in a large proportion of these fatalities nationwide. Rates for these incidents vary widely among states and over time. Here, we explore the extent to which driving volume, alcohol consumption, legislation, political ideology, and geographical factors influence MVC deaths across states and time. We specify structural equation models for extracting associations between the factors and outcomes for MVC deaths and compute correlation functions of states' relative geographic and political positions to elucidate the relative contribution of these factors. We find evidence that state-level variation in MVC deaths is associated with time-varying driving volume, alcohol consumption, and legislation. These relationships are modulated by state spatial proximity, whereby neighboring states are found to share similar MVC death rates over the thirty-year observation period. These results support the hypothesis that neighboring states exhibit similar risk and protective characteristics, despite differences in political ideology.
β‐thalassemia intermedia due to compound heterozygosity for two β‐globin gene promoter mutations, including a novel TATA box deletion

An 8-year-old African-American boy had a clinical history consistent with mild β-thalassemia intermedia with moderate anemia, microcytosis, reticulocytosis, and splenomegaly. He was asymptomatic and did not require transfusion. At age 4 years, hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis showed Hb A = 37.8%, Hb A2 = 5.0%, and Hb F = 56.1%. At age 8 years, he was diagnosed to be a compound heterozygote for two β-globin gene promoter mutations, the relatively common nucleotide (nt) −88 C → T mutation from the cap site, and a novel two-nucleotide (AA) deletion between nt −29 and −26 within the TATA box of the β-globin gene. His mother and 14-year-old brother were simple heterozygotes for this novel (AA) deletion. Both heterozygotes had normal Hb level, borderline microcytosis, and elevated Hb A2. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:363–366. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diminished Noradrenergic Stimulation Reduces the Activity of Rolipram-Sensitive, High-Affinity Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase in Rat Cerebral Cortex

The present study examined the in vivo regulation of rolipram-sensitive, high-affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4) in rat cerebral cortex. The hydrolysis of cyclic AMP, formed by stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors, was measured in cerebral cortical slices. Hydrolysis of cyclic AMP formed under these conditions was inhibited by the PDE4-selective inhibitor rolipram but not by selective inhibitors of other PDE families. Intraventricular infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 200 micrograms) decreased the rate constant of cyclic AMP hydrolysis and increased the cyclic AMP half-life 17 days, but not 1 or 7 days, following the treatment. A reduction in norepinephrine (NE) content occurred first; the NE level was reduced to 42, 24, and 6% of control at 1, 7, and 17 days after 6-OHDA infusion, respectively. This was followed by the development of supersensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptor-linked adenylyl cyclase, which occurred 7 days after the infusion. The reduction in PDE4 activity occurred last. When a higher dose of 6-OHDA (300 micrograms) was used, the reduction in the rate constant of cyclic AMP hydrolysis occurred by 7 days; at this time NE content was depleted to 6% of control. Similar to 6-OHDA treatment, continuous blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors, produced by chronic propranolol infusion, decreased the rate constant of cyclic AMP hydrolysis. Therefore, the current results indicate that diminished stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors, either by loss of noradrenergic innervation or by receptor blockade, reduces the activity of PDE4. This suggests that PDE4 regulation may contribute in the homeostasis of the noradrenergic receptor-effector system in the brain.
Hybrid Storage System Power Optimization

This paper investigates an energy-efficient hybrid storage system framework. An integer linear programming (ILP) approach is used to formulate power optimization frameworks for each individual storage system by separately developing appropriate system constants, binary decision variables, and associated constraints for a four power level Mobile Random Access Memory (MRAM) and a three power level Phase Change Memory (PCM). Subsequently, a hybrid configuration of MRAM and PCM storage systems is used to describe corresponding system variables and associated constraints under predefined power-level operation conditions to quantify actual power usage for programs with plausible execution patterns. The simulation result illustrates the efficiency of the proposed hybrid storage power optimization ILP framework.
Hyperpolarization-activated cationic channels in smooth muscle cells are stretch sensitive.

The properties of hyperpolarization-activated channels were studied in single smooth muscle cells from the stomach of the toad, Bufo marinus, using the patchclamp technique. In cell-attached patches, inward channel currents were activated by hyperpolarizing pulses from a holding potential of −20 mV to potentials more negative than −60 mV. The activity of the channels increased and their latency of activation decreased as the hyperpolarization was increased. The slope conductance of the channels with standard high sodium concentration pipette solution was 64.2±9.1 pS (SD, n=17). Stretching the patch, by suction applied to the back of the patch pipette, also increased the activity and shortened the latency of activation. We designate these channels as HA-SACs (hyperpolarization- and stretch-activated channels). HA-SACs were observed in 83% (175/210) of the patches studied. HA-SAC currents were carried by sodium and potassium ions, but their amplitude was increased by replacing extracellular sodium with potassium. Extracellular magnesium and calcium ions significantly reduced the single-channel conductance of HA-SACs. These permeation characteristics and the single-channel conductance of HA-SACs were indistinguishable from those of stretch-activated channels (SACs) previously described in these cells. The following observations are consistent with HA-SACs being a subset of SACs. First, SACs were at times found in cell-attached patches which lacked HA-SACs. Second, the number of channels in a cell-attached patch simultaneously activated by stretch (usually 5–10 and often more) exceeded by far the number simultaneously activated by hyperpolarization (usually one or two). Third, in excised insideout patches, the ability of hyperpolarization to activat HA-SACs was lost within 3–5 min, whereas stretch continued to activate a large number of channels. The last observation also suggests that activation by hyperpolarization requires an intracellular agent, whereas stretch activation does not.
Periorbital and orbital cellulitis.

1. Andrea Hauser, MD* 2. Simone Fogarasi, MD† 1. *Pediatric Hospitalist, New Orleans Children's Hospital, New Orleans, La. 2. †Pediatric Hospitalist, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, La. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize the difference between periorbital and orbital cellulitis on the basis of history and physical examination findings. 2. Describe the cause, pathophysiology, and management of periorbital and orbital cellulitis. 3. Understand the importance of sinus disease in both periorbital and orbital cellulitis. 4. Know the indications for computed tomography scan and specialist consultation for eyelid swelling. 5. Recognize the complications of periorbital and orbital cellulitis. A 19-month-old boy presents with a 1-day history of left eyelid swelling. The swelling is greater in the lower lid and accompanied by local erythema, tenderness, and temperature up to 38.4°C. His parents state that he has decreased appetite and activity. For the past week, the boy has been experiencing clear, watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, and a mild cough. Today, he was given diphenhydramine without any improvement of the eyelid swelling. His parents deny any history of trauma or recent insect bites to the face. The past medical history is significant for mild intermittent asthma and allergic rhinitis. He is exposed to tobacco at home. On physical examination, the child appears ill, but not toxic. His temperature is 36.9°C, heart rate is 123 beats/min, respiratory rate is 26 breaths/min, and blood pressure is 117/82 mm Hg. Both upper and lower left eyelids appear significantly edematous, with surrounding erythema and tenderness to light touch. No chemosis or proptosis is apparent. Extraocular movements and visual acuity can be evaluated only partially due to pain. Infections of the eye occur in the pediatric population and may present with complaints of eyelid swelling and pain. Expeditious and proper diagnosis is essential because there is …
Enantiopure N-acyldihydropyridones as synthetic intermediates: asymmetric synthesis of (-)-slaframine.

An asymmetric synthesis of (−)-slaframine and N-acetylslaframine has been accomplished starting from an enantiopure dihydropyridone building block. The oxygen−carbon bond at C-1 was incorporated with complete stereoselectivity by using an efficient phenylselenocyclocarbamation reaction.
SU-E-I-23: A Novel Denoising Method for Dual Energy CT Based on Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS)

Purpose: To demonstrate the enhancement of contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and dose reduction in dual energy CT when the Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS) Algorithm is used to reconstructimages. Methods: CT projection data was acquired over a range of mAs (10–500 mAs) at 80 and 140 kVp. A material density plug phantom and a live canine were scanned to allow for quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Standard filtered back projection (FBP) and PICCS images were reconstructed from the data at a range of mAs levels. The 80–140 kVp images were then decomposed into material density (MD) images.CNR and noise variance measurements were then compared between the FBP and PICCS images.CNR and MD measurements were taken on the density plug phantom for a variety of different plug materials. Noise variance was measured inside the cranium of the canine MD images. Results: (1) In phantom studies, the difference between FBP and PICCS MD images were within 4.3% (average difference 1.8%) for all ROIs at 500 mAs. However, at this dose level, the average (over all plug materials) CNR improvement factor of PICCS MD images over FBP was 44. (2) In in vivo animal studies, when compared with the FBP images, the noise standard deviation in PICCS images was 32.7 times lower at 30 mAs and 17.7 times lower at 200 mAs. (3) Due to the CNR enhancement in PICCS images, features like blood vessels and epidermis/adipose boundaries were visible on PICCS MD images that were unidentifiable on even the highest mAs FBP MD images. Conclusions: At a fixed radiation dose level, CNR can be significantly improved when the PICCS algorithm is used to reconstruct dual energy CTimages. At a fixed CNR level, PICCS reconstruction enables significantly lower radiation dose in dual energy CTimaging.
BMI, auto use, and the urban environment in San Francisco

The epidemic of overweight and obesity has sparked interest in urban planning circles. Many believe the built environment directly influences physical health, and recent empirical evidence supports this notion. Cross-sectional survey data was collected from a sample of San Francisco residents (n=670) in the summer of 2005. Body mass index (BMI) served as the dependent variable. Independent variables included population density and auto use. Results indicate an inverse relationship between density and auto use as well as higher BMI scores for respondents reporting high levels of auto use for the work/school commute and trips to the grocery store.
Single-photon bus connecting spin-wave quantum memories

Generation of non-classical correlations (or entanglement) between atoms1,2,3,4,5,6,7, photons8 or combinations thereof 9,10,11 is at the heart of quantum information science. Of particular interest are material systems serving as quantum memories that can be interconnected optically 3,6,7,9,10,11. An ensemble of atoms can store a quantum state in the form of a magnon—which is a quantized collective spin excitation—that can be mapped onto a photon12,13,14,15,16,17,18 with high efficiency19. Here, we report the phase-coherent transfer of a single magnon from one atomic ensemble to another via an optical resonator serving as a quantum bus that in the ideal case is only virtually populated. Partial transfer deterministically creates an entangled state with one excitation jointly stored in the two ensembles. The entanglement is verified by mapping the magnons onto photons, whose correlations can be directly measured. These results should enable deterministic multipartite entanglement between atomic ensembles.
Neural induction and factors that stabilize a neural fate.

The neural ectoderm of vertebrates forms when the BMP signaling pathway is suppressed. Herein we review the molecules that directly antagonize extracellular BMP and the signaling pathways that further contribute to reduce BMP activity in the neural ectoderm. Downstream of neural induction, a large number of “neural fate stabilizing” (NFS) transcription factors are expressed in the presumptive neural ectoderm, developing neural tube, and ultimately in neural stem cells. Herein we review what is known about their activities during normal development to maintain a neural fate and regulate neural differentiation. Further elucidation of how the NFS genes interact to regulate neural specification and differentiation should ultimately prove useful for regulating the expansion and differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells.
Al Qaeda's Miscommunication War: The Terrorism Paradox

The Bush administration's response to the September 11 attacks has rendered more urgent Al Qaeda's stated objective to eject the United States from the Middle East. The aim here is not to evaluate the direction of the war on terrorism, but to explore why Al Qaeda has been so unsuccessful in capitalizing on its political violence. The article begins with the premise that terrorism is a communication strategy. It contends that Al Qaeda's policy failures are due to its inability to convince Bush that it would refrain from attacking Americans if the United States moderated its Middle East policies. Borrowing from the literature in political psychology and perception and misperception in international relations, the article offers several explanations for Al Qaeda's ineffectiveness in getting this message across. The article concludes by deriving general observations about the limitations of terrorism as a form of political communication.
Estrogen and the cholinergic system modulate visuospatial attention in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

This study determined the effects of estrogen on attention and motor speed in young monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Performance on visuospatial attention and reaction time motor tasks was measured before ovariectomy, for 2 months after ovariectomy, and at 14 months after treatment with placebo or estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Release time on invalid trials in the attention task was increased after ovariectomy and was reduced in monkeys treated with ERT, but not placebo. Simple reaction time was not altered after ovariectomy or treatment. The effects of scopolamine on attention, but not memory, in a delayed response task were dependent on estrogen. These observations indicate that loss of estrogen modulates visuospatial attention in primates and that I mechanism of this modulation is through the cholinergic system.
Effect of the Administration of Unfractionated Gonadotrophic Pituitary Extracts during Estrus on Time of Ovulation in the Bovine

Summary The effect of the administration of an unfractionated gonadotrophic pituitary-extract during estrus on time of ovulation of dairy heifers was observed. The mean time from the end of estrus to ovulation for periods when the heifers were treated was 1.01 hr. and for the untreated periods 11.74 hr. Length of estrus was not changed by the treatment as measured under conditions of this experiment.