cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tara, a novel F-actin binding protein, associates with the Trio guanine nucleotide exchange factor and regulates actin cytoskeletal organization

Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential to numerous cellular processes including cell locomotion and cytokinesis. This actin remodeling is regulated in part by Rho family GTPases. Previous studies implicated Trio, a Dbl-homology guanine nucleotide exchange factor with two exchange factor domains, in regulating actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell motility and cell growth via activation of Rho GTPases. Trio is essential for mouse embryonic development and Trio-deficiency is associated with abnormal skeletal muscle and neural tissue development. Furthermore, genetic analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila demonstrate a role for trio-like genes in cell migration and axon guidance. Herein we characterize a novel Trio-binding protein, Tara, that is comprised of an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Trio and Tara associate as assessed by the yeast interaction-trap assays and mammalian co-immunoprecipitation studies. Ectopically expressed Tara localizes to F-actin in a periodic pattern that is highly similar to the pattern of myosin II. Furthermore, a direct interaction between Tara and F-actin is indicated by in vitro binding studies. Cells that transiently or stably overexpress Tara display an extensively flattened cell morphology with enhanced stress fibers and cortical F-actin. Tara expression does not alter the ability of the cell to attach or to initially spread, but rather increases cell spreading following these initial events. Tara stabilizes F-actin structures as indicated by the relative resistance of Tara-expressing cells to the F-actin destabilizer Latrunculin B. We propose that Tara regulates actin cytoskeletal organization by directly binding and stabilizing F-actin, and that the localized formation of Tara and Trio complexes functions to coordinate actin remodeling.
Quararibea Metabolites. 2.1 Efficient Synthetic Approaches to (±)-(2S, 3S, 4R)-γ-Hydroxyisoleucine, the Characteristic Quararibea Amino Acid

Abstract The characteristic metabolites of Quararibea funebris are based on (2S, 3S, 4R)-γ-hydroxyisoleucine, a hitherto rare amino acid. Two new stereoselective and efficient syntheses of this compound are described; one is based on Claisen chemistry and the other on addition reactions to the butenolide ring of β-angelicalactone.
Digit reduction, body size, and paedomorphosis in salamanders

The loss of digits is a widespread evolutionary trend in tetrapods which occurs in nearly every major clade. Alberch and Gale showed that the order in which digits are evolutionarily lost in salamanders versus frogs corresponds to the order in which they develop in each group, providing a classic example of developmental constraint. However, what actually drives the loss of digits in salamanders has remained unclear. Alberch and Gale suggested that loss of digits might be associated with paedomorphosis or with reduced body size. We test these hypotheses by combining morphometric and phylogenetic information for 98 species of salamanders. We find that digit loss is associated with both paedomorphosis and reduction in body size. However, these trends are surprisingly contradictory, in that paedomorphosis is significantly associated with an increase in body size in salamanders. Thus, much of the extreme digit reduction is found in the smaller species within paedomorphic clades that have, on average, unusually large body size. Our results show that the consequences of changes in body size on morphology are highly context dependent. We also show (possibly for the first time) a significant association between paedomorphosis and increased body size, rather than the expected association with reduced body size.
Temporal Dynamics of Preferential Flow to a Subsurface Drain

We conducted a sequential tracer leaching study on a 24.4 by 42.7 m field plot to investigate the temporal behavior of chemical movement to a 1.2-m deep field drain during irrigation and subsequent rainfall events over a 14-d period. The herbicides atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] along with the conservative tracer Br were applied to a 1-m wide strip, offset 1.5 m laterally from a subsurface drain pipe, immediately before an 11.3-h long, 4.2-mm h -1 irrigation. Three additional conservative tracers, pentafluorobenzoate (PF), o-trifluoromethylbenzoate (TF), and difluorobenzoate (DF) were applied to the strip during the irrigation at 2-h intervals. Breakthrough of Br and the two herbicides occurred within the first 2-h of irrigation, indicating that a fraction of the solute transport was along preferential flow paths. Retardation and attenuation of the herbicides indicated that there was interaction between the chemicals and the soil lining the preferential pathways. The conservative tracers applied during the later stages of irrigation arrived at the subsurface drain much faster than tracers applied earlier. The final tracer, applied 6 h after the start of irrigation (DF), took only 15 min and 1 mm of irrigation water to travel to the subsurface drain. Model simulations using a two-dimensional, convective, and dispersive numerical model without an explicit preferential flow component failed to reproduce Br tracer concentrations in the drain effluent, confirming the importance of preferential flow. This study showed that preferential flow in this soil is not a uniform process during a leaching event.
The effects of tryptophan depletion and loading on laboratory aggression in men: time course and a food-restricted control

Some studies have shown that sharp reduction of L-tryptophan (Trp) concentration in plasma results in increases in laboratory-measured aggression. Conversely, raising plasma Trp has blunted aggression. These effects are presumably due to impaired or enhanced serotonin synthesis and neurotransmission in the brain. In this study, the laboratory-measured aggressive behavior of eight men under both Trp depletion (T-) and Trp loading (T+) conditions was compared to their aggressive behavior under food-restricted control conditions (overnight fast without an amino acid beverage). Subjects were provoked by periodic subtraction of money which was attributed to a fictitious other participant, and aggression was defined as the number of retaliatory responses the subject made ostensibly to reduce the earnings of the (fictitious) other participant. Following ingestion of the T- beverage, aggressive responding was significantly elevated relative to the food-restricted control condition, and this increased aggressive behavior became more pronounced across behavioral testing sessions on a time-course which paralleled previously documented decreases in plasma Trp concentrations. In contrast, no changes were observed in aggressive responding under T+ conditions relative to food-restricted conditions. These within-subject behavioral changes under depleted plasma Trp conditions support earlier indications of a role of serotonin in regulating aggression.
Verbal cues of involvement in dyadic same-culture and cross-culture instant messaging conversations

This paper explores how people in same-culture and cross- culture pairs use verbal cues to express involvement in dyadic text-based Instant Messaging (IM) conversations. We report an experimental study with same-culture and cross-culture pairs of American and Chinese participants, in which we manipulated the participants' level of involvement in IM conversations using a distraction task (an online game). We found that American and Chinese participants used verbal involvement cues, such as cognitive words and definite articles, differently to express involvement. Our results provide suggestions for improving international, multicultural team collaboration using computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools.
Opportunities for cancer research in a Health Maintenance Organization.

AbstractHealth Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) have existed in the United States for at least 50 years. Recently their membership growth has increased markedly so that they currently care for millions of people in many locations in the United States. The growth of this form of medical care provides investigators with significant opportunities for research of all types. We will discuss some features of HMOs that facilitate research, concentrating on opportunities in the area of oncology. Our focus will be on not-for-profit HMOs, particularly ones in existence for a period of time sufficient to develop adequate numbers of members for study.
Multinuclear NMR studies of the reactions of (Me3Al)2 with Me2AsNMe2, MeAs(NMe2)2 and As(NMe2)3

Abstract The reactions of (Me 3 Al) 2 with Me 2 AsNMe 2 , MeAs(NMe 2 ) 2 and As(NMe 2 ) 3 were studied as a function of time at room temperature and over the temperature range of −95 to 24°C by using 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. At −95°C, all the aminoarsines form the respective mono AlN bonded adducts. In addition, MeAs(NMe 2 ) 2 and As(NMe 2 ) 3 form bis AlN bonded adducts and As(NMe 2 ) 3 forms an AlAs bonded adduct. The bis adducts readily decompose and the AlAs bonded adduct dissociates at low temperature. All the mono AlN bonded adducts decompose by a pathway that transfers a methyl group from the aluminium to the arsenic atom, cleaves the AsN bond, and yields the next higher methyl homologue in the arsine series [MeAs(NMe 2 ) 2 ,Me 2 AsNMe 2 or Me 3 As]. The bis AlN bonded adducts decompose to the next higher methyl homologue in the mono adduct series [MeAs(NMe 2 )NMe 2 ·AlMe 3 or Me 2 AsNMe 2 ·AlMe 3 ]. The other product in both cases is the unstable Me 2 AlNMe 2 , which dimerizes or undergoes further reaction with excess (Me 3 Al) 2 or aminoarsine. The role of numerous competing side reactions and adduct/aminoarsine exchange equilibria in affecting the rate of adduct decomposition, overall rate of formation of the final product arsine, and final product distribution was established for each aminoarsine/(Me 3 Al) 2 system. The initial stoichiometry of the reaction greatly influences the relative importance of the various reactions that occur in solution. Only when the moles of available Me 3 Al molecules equal those of Lewis base nitrogen sites, do the reactions proceed in a straightforward manner to give Me 3 As and (Me 2 AlNMe 2 ) 2 . The results from the NMR studies were used to design a new, high yield synthetic route to Me 3 As.
Boosting Optical Magnetism with Symmetry Breaking in a Subwavelength Plasmonic Metamolecule

We theoretically and experimentally show that, by introducing controlled structural asymmetries in a subwavelength plasmonic metamolecule, we may trigger a near-field interference between plasmon modes that can efficiently boost magnetic response in the visible range.
Waveform Inversion for Parameters of Microseismic Sources in VTI Media

Waveform inversion (WI), which has been used primarily for high-resolution velocity analysis, can also be employed to obtain the source parameters of microseismic events. Here, we implement WI to estimate the location, origin time, and seismic moment tensor of microseismic sources embedded in VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) media. The algorithm operates with multicomponent wavefields modeled using an elastic anisotropic finite-difference code. The gradient of the objective function for the three classes of parameters is calculated with the adjoint-state method. Although in the current algorithm the interval VTI parameters are assumed to be known, they can be included in WI at almost no additional cost. Synthetic tests for data recorded by vertical receiver arrays show that it is possible to tightly constrain all source parameters, if a sufficiently accurate initial model is available. In particular, the source location in layered VTI media can be estimated simultaneously with the moment tensor. The resolution of event location, however, somewhat decreases when the origin time is unknown or there is an error in one of the VTI parameters.
A trusted computing architecture for critical infrastructure protection

Most critical infrastructures can be modeled as cyber-physical systems whose cyber components control underlying physical processes so as to optimize system objectives based on physical properties/constraints and the current and estimated state of the system. Such systems usually require performance guarantees and support for security: wrongly received or missed commands can render the entire system unstable. Yet, securing cyber-physical systems with heterogeneous components is still an open and challenging problem. In this paper we propose a trusted computing architecture for critical infrastructure protection based on the trusted computing paradigm. We discuss the threat model, the vulnerabilities, real-time availability, run-time integrity and show how to get resilience against intentional and unintentional faults by using trusted computing enabled components and an access control structure that enforces need-to-get-now (availability) policies. We conclude by showing how this approach can be used to secure substation automation systems of an IEC/TR 61850-90-5-compliant electricity grid.
Ocean tracer distributions: Part I. A preliminary numerical experiment

A numerical experiment has been carried out to determine the three-dimensional distributions of dissolved oxygen and radiocarbon as well as the fields of temperature, salinity, and velocity in an ocean driven by wind and thermohaline processes. The aim in this preliminary calculation was to test the usefulness of a tracer model for studying the origin of water masses in the sea and to provide a framework for looking further into the nature of the sources, age, and circulation of the abyssal ocean. Much of our knowledge about circulation patterns and mixing in the sea has come from examining the distribution of properties in simplified one and two dimensional models. In this investigation tracer studies are extended to three dimensions using a numerical model of the ocean circulation of the kind described by Bryan (1969). With a given set of parameters and boundary conditions governing the model ocean, a calculation is made to predict the distributions of four “tracers”, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and radiocarbon, as well as the structure of the circulation. Based upon this first experiment some important conclusions can be made regarding those features necessary in any model to satisfactorily account for observed distributions. Part I describes the physical model and its numerical analogue as well as the numerical techniques used in finding a steady state. The results of an experiment with tracer eddy diffusivities K = 1 cm 2 /sec (vertical) and A H = 5times10 7 cm 2 /sec (horizontal) are examined in some detail to understand the time scales involved for the deep sea as well as the shallower regions. The patterns of flow and the distributions of the four tracers are related to each other by determining the roles of diffusion, advection, and decay processes in the model. Comparisons are made between observed and predicted surface fluxes of heat and evaporation minus precipitation in order to ascertain the effect of the boundary conditions on the nature of the distributions. These results suggest the direction further studies should take in constructing realistic models of the ocean. Calculations with smaller diffusivities and other boundary conditions are underway and will be reported in Part II. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1971.tb00583.x
Paving the Road to Export: Assessing the Trade Impact of Road Quality

Assessing the trade impacts of domestic transport costs is data demanding and analyses that examine the effects of road quality, a critical aspect in regional and public policy, practically do not exist in the international trade literature. The few studies available rely mostly on distance-based measures as proxies of transport costs which impede analyzing the trade effects of transport-infrastructure improvements. In this paper, we combine highly disaggregated records of export flows with detailed geo-referenced information of the Colombian transport network, including its road quality, as well as real measures of transport costs of shipping goods within the country to measure the trade impacts of improving road quality. We find that the trade effects of improvements in road quality are relatively small on average; however, there is considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effects. We show that longer routes have larger shares of their roads in poor conditions; accordingly, the trade impacts o...
Low-cost blast wave generator for studies of hearing loss and brain injury: blast wave effects in closed spaces.

Abstract Background Military personnel and civilians living in areas of armed conflict have increased risk of exposure to blast overpressures that can cause significant hearing loss and/or brain injury. The equipment used to simulate comparable blast overpressures in animal models within laboratory settings is typically very large and prohibitively expensive. New method To overcome the fiscal and space limitations introduced by previously reported blast wave generators, we developed a compact, low-cost blast wave generator to investigate the effects of blast exposures on the auditory system and brain. Results The blast wave generator was constructed largely from off the shelf components, and reliably produced blasts with peak sound pressures of up to 198 dB SPL (159.3 kPa) that were qualitatively similar to those produced from muzzle blasts or explosions. Exposure of adult rats to 3 blasts of 188 dB peak SPL (50.4 kPa) resulted in significant loss of cochlear hair cells, reduced outer hair cell function and a decrease in neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Comparison to existing methods Existing blast wave generators are typically large, expensive, and are not commercially available. The blast wave generator reported here provides a low-cost method of generating blast waves in a typical laboratory setting. Conclusions This compact blast wave generator provides scientists with a low cost device for investigating the biological mechanisms involved in blast wave injury to the rodent cochlea and brain that may model many of the damaging effects sustained by military personnel and civilians exposed to intense blasts.
Investigation of the magnetic properties of ferritin by AFM imaging with magnetic sample modulation

Individual ferritin molecules can be sensitively detected using magnetic sample modulation (MSM) combined with contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). To generate an oscillating magnetic field, an alternating current (AC) was applied to a solenoid placed within the base of the AFM sample stage. When a modulated electromagnetic field is applied to samples, ferromagnetic and paramagnetic nanomaterials are induced to vibrate. The flux of the AC electromagnetic field causes the ferritin samples to vibrate with corresponding rhythm and periodicity of the applied field. This motion can be detected and mapped using contact mode AFM with a soft, nonmagnetic cantilever. Changes in the phase and amplitude of the periodic motion of the sample are sensed by the tip to selectively map vibrating magnetic nanomaterials. Particle lithography was used to create nanopatterned test platforms of ferritin for MSM measurements. Regularly spaced structures of proteins provide precise reproducible dimensions for multiple successive surface measurements at dimensions of tens of nanometers.
Biomarker discovery: searching for quality in quantity.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, emphasizing the need for both primary and secondary prevention. Defining an individual’s CVD risk informs clinical decisions about preventive and therapeutic strategies.1 It is well-recognized that CVD is a complex phenotype with multifactorial origins; therefore, it is not surprising that no single model can accurately predict the likelihood that an individual will have a CVD event. For example, the Framingham Risk Score, probably the most validated CVD risk prediction model, classifies a significant proportion of individuals who ultimately have events as low to intermediate risk.2 Consequently, there is substantial interest in identifying novel risk markers that may enhance prognostication, impact clinical management, or provide insight into the pathophysiologic basis for CVD and CVD-related mortality.3 Although genetic and imaging markers have received increased attention, circulating molecules remain the focus of most biomarker research, with recent studies focusing on the use of combining multiple circulating biomarkers into a predictive panel.1 Article see p 168 In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics , Halim et al4 present the results of their evaluation of multiple circulating proteins to predict the risk of death or myocardial infarction in a high-risk cohort. There have been relatively few multimarker studies in high-risk individuals, for example, those with a high burden of conventional risk factors or existing CVD.5–9 In a substudy of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial, the associations between 11 biomarkers and recurrent cardiovascular events or death were evaluated. Only N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) improved risk prediction compared with a model based on clinical predictors alone.5 In the Heart and Soul Study, the association between 6 biomarkers (NT-proBNP, albuminuria, C-reactive protein, IL-6, cystatin-C, and fibrinogen) and recurrent cardiovascular events was evaluated. When the …
Operational Characteristics of Wedge and Strip Image Readout Systems

We discuss application of the Wedge and Strip readout system in microchannel plate detectors for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer and FAUST space astronomy programs. Anode designs with high resolution (>600 × 600 pixels) in imaging and spectroscopy applications have been developed. Extension of these designs to larger formats (100mm) with higher resolution (3000 × 3000 pixels) are considered. We show that the resolution and imaging are highly stable and that the flat field performance is essentially limited by photon statistics. Very high speed event response has also been achieved with output pulses having durations of less than 10 nanoseconds.
Hydration effects on skin microstructure as probed by high-resolution cryo-scanning electron microscopy and mechanistic implications to enhanced transcutaneous delivery of biomacromolecules.

Although hydration is long known to improve the permeability of skin, penetration of macromolecules such as proteins is limited and the understanding of enhanced transport is based on empirical observations. This study uses high-resolution cryo-scanning electron microscopy to visualize microstructural changes in the stratum corneum (SC) and enable a mechanistic interpretation of biomacromolecule penetration through highly hydrated porcine skin. Swollen corneocytes, separation of lipid bilayers in the SC intercellular space to form cisternae, and networks of spherical particulates are observed in porcine skin tissue hydrated for a period of 4–10 h. This is explained through compaction of skin lipids when hydrated, a reversal in the conformational transition from unilamellar liposomes in lamellar granules to lamellae between keratinocytes when the SC skin barrier is initially established. Confocal microscopy studies show distinct enhancement in penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) through skin hydrated for 4–10 h, and limited penetration of FITC-BSA once skin is restored to its natively hydrated structure when exposed to the environment for 2–3 h. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of a 4–10 h hydration period to enhance transcutaneous penetration of large biomacromolecules without permanently damaging the skin. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:730–740, 2010
Layer‐specific anatomical, physiological and functional MRI of the retina

Most retinal imaging has been performed using optical techniques. This paper reviews alternative retinal imaging methods based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed with spatial resolution sufficient to resolve multiple well-defined retinal layers. The development of these MRI technologies to study retinal anatomy, physiology (blood flow, blood volume, and oxygenation) and function, and their applications to study normal retinas, retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy in animal models are discussed. While the spatiotemporal resolution of MRI is poorer than optical imaging techniques, MRI is unhampered by media opacity and can thus image all retinal and pararetinal structures, and has the potential to provide multiple unique clinically relevant data in a single setting and could thus complement existing retinal imaging techniques. In turn, the highly structured retina with well-defined layers serves as an excellent model to advance emerging high-resolution anatomic, physiologic and functional MRI technologies.
Enterprise data management in research organizations: data the way you want it

Raw data and processed information are essential to organizations that perform operational analysis and build simulation systems. In such domains, the dissemination and management of this information is a daunting task. Not only must this data support a heterogeneous array of researchers, but also the requirements on this data are constantly changing. To achieve maximum utility, data of this sort must be made available in distributed locations and offered in various custom formats. Such approaches as relational-to-XML, XML-XSL-based custom formats, and web-accessible database reporting tools offer some solutions for this domain. However, there are some requirements that the current state of the art do not fulfill. In this paper, there is a characterization of the state of the art for this distributed data management domain and a discussion of the current short-comings.
Heart smart: a multifaceted cardiovascular risk reduction program for grade school students.

Abstract Heart Smart Program is a health education intervention for grades kindergarten through six which encourages the acquisition and maintenance of health-enhancing behaviors. These include nutritious eating habits; physical fitness and exercise; saying “no” to cigarette smoking, alcohol, and drugs; and control of stress. Social Cognitive Theory is used to derive the necessary training concepts for children with reinforcement of these concepts occurring in six areas: the curriculum, school lunch, staff development, physical activity, environment, and parental support. The necessary training mechanisms provide mastery experiences, knowledge transfer, role modeling, and emotional and physiological feedback. The program incorporates the influence of the social environment on learning and builds support from parents, teachers and school staff.
Predicting participation in a dietary intervention to lower cholesterol among individuals with hyperlipidemia

Adult men and women (N = 8,748) were given blood cholesterol tests and completed a measure of fat intake and a staging questionnaire that assessed readiness to adopt a cholesterol-lowering diet. Eligibility for the trial was based on plasma cholesterol levels and self-reported dietary intake. Of 772 eligible participants, 545 (70.6%) agreed to join. In multivariate analyses, joiners did not differ from nonjoiners by age, total cholesterol levels, or self-reported dietary fat intake. Women were more likely than men to join the study. Individuals in the preparation stage (defined on the basis of a staging algorithm derived from the transtheoretical model of change) were more likely to join the trial than were precontemplators. An understanding of the determinants of participation in a dietary intervention may be important in the enhancement of high-risk individuals' acceptance of recommendations to make dietary changes.
Screening for hepatitis B in chemotherapy patients: survey of current oncology practices

Summary Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs in up to 78% of patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy for nonhepatic malignancies. Reactivation can lead to hepatic dysfunction, jaundice and fulminant hepatic failure. Current recommendations include screening patients at risk for HBV prior to immunosuppressive therapy and initiating antiviral prophylaxis in patients with chronic HBV. Aim To investigate current practice among oncologists regarding HBV screening and antiviral prophylaxis in candidates for chemotherapy. Methods A survey was sent to American Medical Association registered oncologists assessing demographics and HBV screening practices. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test. Results In all, 265 responses were received. Office-based physicians were less likely to screen for HBV prior to chemotherapy (P 15 years, with no difference in screening practices between groups (P = N.S.). Responders screen for HBV as follows: never – 20%, only in the presence of abnormal liver biochemistries – 30%, risk factors or history of hepatitis – 38%. In patients with known HBV, 75% of oncologists refer to specialists, 7% initiate therapy, while 15% do not refer or initiate therapy, most of whom are in an office setting (P = 0.02). Conclusions Twenty per cent of oncologists never screen for HBV prior to initiating chemotherapy. Office-based physicians were less likely to screen, treat or refer to a specialist prior to chemotherapy. Greater education regarding risk of HBV reactivation is needed for clinicians treating patients with immunosuppressive therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 240–246
New autosomal recessive syndrome of sparse hair, osteopenia, and mental retardation in Mennonite sisters

We report on 2 Mennonite sisters with a syndrome of sparse hair, osteopenia, mental retardation, minor facial abnormalities, joint laxity, and hypotonia. Their asymptomatic consanguineous parents (inbreeding coefficient F = 1/64) have 6 other offspring, 3 of whom died in infancy of type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and 3 of whom are normal. We analyzed collagens synthesized by cultured fibroblasts from these 2 sisters and their parents and detected no major abnormalities. Results of chromosomal and metabolic evaluations including amino acid analysis of plasma, urine, and hair were unremarkable. A literature search and survey of a computerized syndrome identification database did not disclose an identical phenotype. The sisters bear superficial resemblance to several known syndromes which we excluded on clinical and/or biochemical grounds. We conclude that they represent a new autosomal recessive syndrome, distinct from type II OI and perhaps unique to the Mennonite population or to this particular family. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Long-term regulation of sucrose intake by the female mosquito, Aedes taeniorhynchus

Abstract Newly emerged female Aedes taeniorhynchus were maintained in cups provided with potometers containing 5, 10, and 25% sucrose solutions. Mortality and the ab lib. intake of sucrose were recorded daily and groups were sampled at regular intervals for analysis of energy reserves. After a week of relatively substantial intake of sucrose at all three concentrations, a constancy in daily intake at much lower levels was observed during the next 4 weeks. The caloric intake was highest in the 25% sucrose solution group. There were no differences in mortality rates at these concentrations. Glycogen (0·7–1·0 cal/female) and triglycerides (3·5dash4 cal/female) reserves reached maximum levels after the first week and stabilized thereafter on all three concentrations. In this species the stabilization in intake of sucrose solution after the first week is correlated with the maximum accumulation of stored energy reserves as opposed to decreased activity or subtle changes associated with senescence.
Humane data mining

Data Mining has made tremendous strides in the last decade. It is time to take data mining to the next level of contributions, while continuing to innovate for the current mainstream market. We postulate that a fruitful future direction could be humane data mining: applications to benefit individuals. The potential applications include personal data mining (e.g. personal health), enable people to get a grip on their world (e.g. dealing with the long tail of search), enable people to become creative (e.g. inventions arising from linking non-interacting scientific literature), enable people to make contributions to society (e.g. education collaboration networks), and data-driven science (e.g. study ecological disasters, brain disorders). Rooting our future work in these (and similar) applications, will lead to new data mining abstractions, algorithms, and systems.
CERIUM OXIDE AND RARE EARTH OXIDE MIXTURE IN GLAZES

The object of this investigation was to determine the effect of various RO combinations on the opacifying properties of cerium oxide and a rare earth oxide mixture and their effect on the common coloring oxides.
Mapping the fault lines: The core values trap in country music

(1984). Mapping the fault lines: The core values trap in country music. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 7-16.
Synthesis of hypomethylated epstein-barr viral DNA is stimulated by dimethylsulfoxide treatment of lymphoblastoid cells

Summary Dimethylsulfoxide, previously described as an inducer of cell differentiation, induced Epstein-Barr viral DNA synthesis but inhibited host cell DNA synthesis in an Epstein-Barr virus producer lymphoblastoid cell line. The viral DNA, whose synthesis was stimulated, was hypomethylated, in contrast to the cellular DNA, which was highly methylated and whose synthesis was inhibited by dimethylsulfoxide treatment of the cells. No alteration of DNA methylation patterns was observed in treated cells. Dimethylsulfoxide therefore appeared to selectively stimulate synthesis of previously hypomethylated DNA while inhibiting synthesis of methylated DNA within this virus-producing cell line.
Analyzing Potential Throughput Improvement of Power- and Thermal-Constrained Multicore Processors by Exploiting DVFS and PCPG

Process variability from a range of sources is growing as technology is scaled below 65 nm, increasing variations of transistor delay and leakage current both within a die and across dies. This, in turn, negatively impacts maximum operating frequency and total power consumption of processors. Meanwhile, manufacturers have integrated more cores in a single die to improve the throughput of processors running highly-parallel workloads. However, many existing workloads do not have high enough parallelism to exploit multiple cores in a processor. First, in this paper, we maximize the throughput of power- and thermal-constrained multicore processors using per-core power gating and dynamic voltage/frequency scaling. When we do not have enough parallelism to effectively use all cores, we turn off some cores using per-core power gates that are already available in commercial multicore processors. This provides extra power and thermal headroom, and allows active cores to run faster through voltage/frequency scaling within power, thermal, and voltage scaling limits. Our analysis using a 32 nm predictive technology model demonstrates that jointly optimizing the number of active cores and maximum operating frequency can improve the throughput of a 16-core processor running workloads with limited parallelism by up to 14%. Second, we extend our throughput analysis and optimization to consider the impact of within-die spatial process variations that lead to considerable core-to-core frequency and leakage power variations in multicore processors. Our analysis shows that exploiting core-to-core frequency variations can improve the throughput of a 16-core processor by up to 57%.
Collective heavy-fermion state and superconductivity in Pr 1-x La x Os 4 Sb 12 : A specific heat study

We report the low-temperature susceptibility and specific heat for single crystals of ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}{\mathrm{Os}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}1)$. The ionic properties of the material, characterized by the energy spectrum of crystalline electric field (CEF) levels of Pr, are unchanged by La doping. The average ${T}_{c}$ is only weakly affected by La substitution and varies approximately linearly between the end compounds. The discontinuity in the specific heat divided by temperature $C∕T$ at ${T}_{c}$ is drastically reduced from about $800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}∕{\mathrm{K}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mol}$ for $x=0$ to the value of ${\mathrm{LaOs}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ near $x=0.3$. This behavior of a superconducting transition implies a collective origin of the heavy-fermion state in ${\mathrm{PrOs}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$. We suggest that fluctuations of the anti-ferro-quadrupolar order parameter are responsible for this heavy-fermion state.
The continuum interpretation for fracture and adhesion.

Continuum fracture concept indicating essential surface energy interpretation difference in otherwise similar adhesive and cohesive failures
Information Collection on a Graph

We derive a knowledge gradient policy for an optimal learning problem on a graph, in which we use sequential measurements to refine Bayesian estimates of individual edge values in order to learn about the best path. This problem differs from traditional ranking and selection in that the implementation decision (the path we choose) is distinct from the measurement decision (the edge we measure). Our decision rule is easy to compute and performs competitively against other learning policies, including a Monte Carlo adaptation of the knowledge gradient policy for ranking and selection.
Cohort Trends in Premarital First Births: What Role for the Retreat From Marriage?

We examine cohort trends in premarital first births for U.S. women born between 1920 and 1964. The rise in premarital first births is often argued to be a consequence of the retreat from marriage, with later ages at first marriage resulting in more years of exposure to the risk of a premarital first birth. However, cohort trends in premarital first births may also reflect trends in premarital sexual activity, premarital conceptions, and how premarital conceptions are resolved. We decompose observed cohort trends in premarital first births into components reflecting cohort trends in (1) the age-specific risk of a premarital conception taken to term; (2) the age-specific risk of first marriages not preceded by such a conception, which will influence women’s years of exposure to the risk of a premarital conception; and (3) whether a premarital conception is resolved by entering a first marriage before the resulting first birth (a “shotgun marriage”). For women born between 1920–1924 and 1945–1949, increases in premarital first births were primarily attributable to increases in premarital conceptions. For women born between 1945–1949 and 1960–1964, increases in premarital first births were primarily attributable to declines in responding to premarital conceptions by marrying before the birth. Trends in premarital first births were affected only modestly by the retreat from marriages not preceded by conceptions—a finding that holds for both whites and blacks. These results cast doubt on hypotheses concerning “marriageable” men and instead suggest that increases in premarital first births resulted initially from increases in premarital sex and then later from decreases in responding to a conception by marrying before a first birth.
Prediction of Gas-Pulsation Frequency To Reduce Slug Length in Gas/Liquid Horizontal-Pipe Flow

Very long slugs reaching several hundreds of pipe diameters may appear when transporting gas and liquid in horizontal pipes. Such slugs may cause serious operational and system failures. One could avoid the long slugs by pulsating the gas phase at the inlet at a specific range of frequencies. The present paper provides a simplified mathematical expression for the optimum gas-pulsation frequency. Predictions of the pulsation frequency for different flow conditions and pipe diameters are presented. Comparisons with available experiments are satisfactory.
Severe subcutaneous hemiatrophy following treatment of wilms' tumor: CT demonstration

Hemiatrophy of the subcutaneous tissues following radiation therapy for Wilms' tumor has received little attention in the radiologic literature. We present a patient with this complication, and discuss the findings on computed tomography (CT).
A Framework for Managing Mission Needs, Compliance, and Trust in the DevOps Environment

The expanding pace of business competitiveness and increasing demand velocity for developing and deploying updated Operational and Security capabilities has created an environment where development and operations needed to work even closer together. The need was further enhanced due to the fact that all capabilities are being developed in a shared platform with no formal requirement processes, and no analysis of the overall enterprise capabilities and architecture. On the surface, the process lacks the usual discipline that most engineers are used to, but operationally it has the potential of bringing capabilities to operations at a quicker rate. The goal of providing continuously updated services should make sure that the overall enterprise performance and security posture are not compromised while the quick turnaround capability deployment is achieved. The proposed framework focuses on ensuring the continuity of strategic posturing while allowing maximum flexibility to tactical enhancements to meet emerging demands.
Designing Game of Life mosaics with integer programming

We use integer programming to design sets of tiles that can be interpreted as still lifes or phoenix patterns in Conway's Game of Life. We design the tiles to be modular so that when we place tiles side by side, the resulting composite pattern will also be a still life or phoenix. We also design the tiles so that they have various brightness levels. This makes the tiles suitable for constructing Game of Life mosaics that resemble user-supplied greyscale target images.
Gender Differences Among Older Heroin Users

Objectives: This purpose of this study was to explore the following question: Are there gender differences among older individuals with a history of heroin addiction with regard to social and family relationships and health problems? Methods: Eight gender-specific focus groups were conducted with 38 (19 women, 19 men) older (50+ years) individuals with long-term histories of heroin dependence. Four groups were conducted in a methadone maintenance (MM) clinic and four groups were derived from the Los Angeles community. Results: Modest gender differences were observed, but mainly in the focus-group dynamics. Women typically described the impact of their addiction on their families, while men typically described their surprise at still being alive. Hepatitis C was the primary health concern in all groups; mental health issues were also discussed. Discussion: Remarkable gender differences were not apparent in the qualitative experiences of these participants. Instead, we found overriding similarities related ...
Ovulation induction in rhesus monkeys by treatment with gonadotropins and prostaglandins

Abstract In rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ), superovulation has been successfully induced using a combined regimen of PMS, HCG and PG E1 or E2. The ovulation was confirmed by a number of ova recovered either from the tubes or from the uterine flushings at various intervals after ovulation. The time of ovulation in this study under the conditions cited appears to be around 60 hrs after HCG, 36 hrs after PG administration.
Boy Trouble: Rhetorical framing of boys' underachievement

This article examines discourse in the United States used to socially construct an “underachieving boys” moral panic. Employing discourse analysis I examine the adversarial rhetoric of claims-makers and the frames they deploy to undermine alternative and conflicting accounts (of females as disadvantaged) and to forestall any challenges to the scientific authority of their own (biological essentialist) account of crisis. I illustrate how this discourse adapts the rhetorical frame of gender equity from the discourse it politically opposes, and uses it to legitimate its own goals. I find that the framing of innocent victimized boys as scientific “truth” is aligned with a broader masculinity politics that blames certain “folk devils”, and a synchronic moral panic about fearsome (black) male youth. I conclude by considering the success of this moral panic as evidenced by changes in educational policies and practices in the United States.
Analysis of the A1

Abstract We develop a unitary isobar model, and apply it to a study of partial wave analyses of the available three-pion and K ∗ K data.
Quantitative autoradiographic evaluation of the influence of protein dose on monoclonal antibody distribution in human ovarian adenocarcinoma xenografts.

We studied the effect of monoclonal antibody protein dose on the uniformity of radioiodinated antibody distribution within tumor masses using quantitative autoradiography. Groups (n = 11–13/group) of athymic nude mice with subcutaneous HTB77 human ovarian carcinoma xenografts were injected intraperitoneally with an125I-labeled anticarcinoma-associated antigen murine monoclonal antibody, 5G6.4, using a high or a low protein dose (500 µg or 5 µg). At 6 days post-injection the macroscopic and microscopic intratumoral biodistribution of radiolabeled antibody was determined. The degree of heterogeneity of the labeled antibody distribution within each tumor was quantified and expressed as thecoefficient of variation (CV) of the activity levels in serial histological sections. Tumors from mice given the 500-µg protein doses had substantially lower CV values, 0.327±0.027, than did tumors from animals given 5-µg protein doses, 0.458±0.041, (P = 0.0078), indicating that the higher protein dose resulted in more homogeneous distribution of radioactivity in tumors than did the lower dose. While the percentage of the injected dose reaching the tumor was comparable between groups, injecting the higher dose of protein resulted in significantly lower tumor to non-tumor uptake ratios than those obtained for the lower protein dose. These data indicate, in this system, that to achieve more uniform intratumoral antibody (and radiation for radioimmunotherapy) delivery, a relatively high protein dose must be administered. However, to obtain this increased uniformity, a substantial drop in tumor/background uptake ratios was seen. Quantitative autoradiographic evaluation of human tumor xenografts is a useful method to assess the intratumoral distribution of antibodies.
A marginal model of tolerated theft

Abstract Using marginal analysis to represent Blurton Jones's concept of tolerated theft, I show how equilibrium resource transfers among individuals might be affected by foraging behavior, resource qualities, and number of participants. The model applies to hominids and other species that exchange or share food or other resources. Among the results: Tolerated theft enhances the value to be derived from resources, packets intermediate in size are most likely to be subjected to tolerated theft, packet division is more likely to be unequal than equal, division is a function of group size, and tolerated theft is most likely in small groups. The model also suggests that among reciprocators the widest possible exchange or sharing is in the self-interest of the individual procuring the resource. In general, evolutionary cost-benefit accounting should track marginal changes in the value (fitness or utility) of resources. Marginal valuation is conceptually primary and may produce results that differ from direct measures of quantity.