cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: An entity diagnosed on bronchoscopy

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is characterized by multiple cartilaginous or bony submucosal nodules, which project into the tracheobronchial lumen sparing the posterior wall. The disease is manifested by chronic cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. Even though roentgenologic imaging
Thermal force modeling for Global Positioning System using the finite element method

Geophysical applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS) require the capability to estimate and propagate satellite orbits with high precision. An accurate model of all the forces acting on a satellite is an essential part of achieving high orbit accuracy. Methods of analyzing the perturbation due to thermal radiation and determining its effects on the long-term orbital behaviour of GPS satellites are presented. The thermal imbalance force, a nongravitational orbit perturbation previously considered negligible, is the focus of this paper. The Earth's shadowing of a satellite in orbit causes periodic changes in the satellite's thermal environment. Simulations show that neglecting thermal imbalance in the satellite force model gives orbit errors larger than 10 m over several days for eclipsing satellites. This orbit mismodeling can limit accuracy in orbit determination and in estimation of baselines used for geophysical applications. Nomenclature A = surface area Cp = specific heat c = speed of light Er = energy emitted by a real body, summed over all wavelengths
Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmrZ Binds to Four Sites in the algD Promoter, Inducing DNA-AmrZ Complex Formation and Transcriptional Activation

During late stages of cystic fibrosis pulmonary infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa often overproduces the exopolysaccharide alginate, protecting the bacterial community from host immunity and antimicrobials. The transcription of the alginate biosynthesis operon is under tight control by a number of factors, including AmrZ, the focus of this study. Interestingly, multiple transcription factors interact with the far-upstream region of this promoter (PalgD), in which one AmrZ binding site has been identified previously. The mechanisms of AmrZ binding and subsequent activation remain unclear and require more-detailed investigation. In this study, in-depth examinations elucidated four AmrZ binding sites, and their disruption eliminated AmrZ binding and promoter activation. Furthermore, our in vitro fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments suggest that AmrZ holds together multiple binding sites in PalgD and thereafter induces the formation of higher-order DNA-AmrZ complexes. To determine the importance of interactions between those AmrZ oligomers in the cell, a DNA phasing experiment was performed. PalgD transcription was significantly impaired when the relative phase between AmrZ binding sites was reversed (5 bp), while a full-DNA-turn insertion (10 bp) restored promoter activity. Taken together, the investigations presented here provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of AmrZ-mediated binding to PalgD IMPORTANCE: Overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate provides protection to Pseudomonas aeruginosa against antimicrobial treatments and is associated with chronic P. aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. In this study, we combined a variety of microbiological, genetic, biochemical, and biophysical approaches to investigate the activation of the alginate biosynthesis operon promoter by a key transcription factor named AmrZ. This study has provided important new information on the mechanism of activation of this extremely complex promoter.
Adaptive Mutation Controversy

Selection and mutation are central contributors to evolutionary change. Mutation produces genetic variability upon which selection acts. The process of natural selection depends on the formation rate of multiple mutation types with different phenotypic consequences. Widely accepted classical experiments provide evidence that mutation and selection are independent processes. That is, mutations are errors in DNA replication or repair that occur at random with respect to their phenotypic consequences or selective value. This pillar of evolutionary theory has been challenged by bacterial experiments interpreted as evidence that bacteria purposefully vary the rate and target specificity of mutation when growth is limited (adaptive mutation). While the idea of environment-induced (adaptive) mutability has many supporters, we suggest here that available evidence is best explained by selection acting alone on amplified near-neutral alleles that arise at a constant rate and site specificity. The mechanisms by which selection imitates mutagenesis may have broad relevance for evolutionary biology.
Cellular Plasticity, Cancer Stem Cells, and Cells-of-Origin

It is now recognized that tumor cells share similarities to stem cells in that they do not have a strong sense of functional identity. In the case of the skin, a mature cell that becomes stem-like no longer has the identity of a skin cell, meaning it changes shape and behaves in ways that make it not fit in with its normal skin cell neighbors. Accompanying these changes in behavior are changes in which genes are transcribed or repressed. This is why the transcriptome of cancer cells or cancer stem cells often share many similarities with the transcriptome of embryonic or adult stem cells.
Parallel Ant Colony Optimization for Flow Shop Scheduling Subject to Limited Machine Availability

In this paper, parallel ant colony algorithm (PAC) and parallel ant colony with local search algorithm (PACwLS) are presented and applied to Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem subject to limited machine availability. The objective is to minimize total flowtime criterion. This problem is proved to be NP-complete in a strong sense for more than one machine even when machines are always available. PAC and PACwLS are based on the classical ant colony algorithm, but are implemented and adapted on parallel computer systems with Message Passing Interface involving the communications and collaborations of multiple computing nodes. Computational experiments show that by comparing with monte carlo algorithm, both PAC and PACwLS ourperform monte carlo algorithm, and PACwLS consistently outperforms PAC and converges faster than both PAC and monte carlo algorithm.
Road map for pain management in pancreatic cancer: A review

Beside its poor prognosis and its late diagnosis, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most painful malignancies. Optimal management of pain in this cancer represents a real challenge for the oncologist whose objective is to ensure a better quality of life to his patients. We aimed in this paper to review all the treatment modalities incriminated in the management of pain in pancreatic cancer going from painkillers, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and interventional techniques to agents under investigation and alternative medicine. Although specific guidelines and recommendations for pain management in pancreatic cancer are still absent, we present all the possible pain treatments, with a progression from medical multimodal treatment to radiotherapy and chemotherapy then interventional techniques in case of resistance. In addition, alternative methods such as acupuncture and hypnosis can be added at any stage and seems to contribute to pain relief.
Warning messages for electronic gambling machines: evidence for regulatory policies

In the United States, warning messages were first included on tobacco products in the 1960 s, and were subsequently added to alcohol products in the 1980 s. However, they have yet to be applied com...
Breast-feeding, Leptin:Adiponectin Ratio, and Metabolic Dysfunction in Adolescents with Obesity.

Objectives Increased adiposity increases leptin and decreases adiponectin concentrations, resulting in an increased leptin:adiponectin ratio (LAR). In adults, components of the metabolic syndrome and other cardiometabolic risk factors, what we classify here as "metabolic dysfunction," are associated with both a high LAR and a history of being breast-fed. The relation among breast-feeding, LAR, and degree of metabolic dysfunction in obese youth is unknown. The purpose of our pilot study was to explore this relation and estimate the effect size of the relations to determine the sample size needed to power future prospective studies. Methods We obtained fasting levels of leptin, adiponectin, lipids, insulin, and glucose from obese youth (aged 8-17 years). Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, and breast-feeding history also were assessed. Results Of 96 participants, 78 were breast-fed as infants, 54% of whom were breast-fed for >6 months. Wide variation was observed in LARs among children who were and were not breast-fed (>100% coefficient of variation). Overall, prevalence of metabolic dysfunction in the cohort was 94% and was not proven to be associated with higher LAR. Conclusions In this cohort of obese youth, we found a high prevalence of breast-feeding, metabolic dysfunction, and wide variation in the LARs. Based on the effect size estimated, future studies would need to enroll >1500 patients or identify, stratify, and selectively enroll obese patients without metabolic dysfunction to accurately determine whether breast-feeding in infancy influences LARs or metabolic dysfunction among obese youth.
Differential growth performance and intestinal immune gene expression in diverse genetic lines of growing chickens fed a high concentration of supplemental phytase

The objective of the current experiment was to determine the effects of high-concentration phytase (5000 FTU/kg) feeding to diverse lines of chickens fed phosphorus (P) adequate maize–soybean meal diets (4.5 g/kg non-phytate P) on the performance and intestinal immune function. Performance was measured for outbred broiler (Ross 308) and inbred Fayoumi lines over 0–21 days, and duodenum and ileum were harvested for the determination of mucin-2, interleukin (IL)-1β and IgA mRNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Over the 0–7-day period, there was a significant line × diet interaction, as high phytase supplementation increased broiler average daily gain (ADG), but had no effect on Fayoumi ADG. Treatment of diets with phytase increased expression of the mucin-2 gene in the duodenum mucosa. There were significant interactions between line and age, and line, diet and age on duodenal expression of the IL-1β gene as phytase supplementation of the broiler line reduced IL-1β in comparison to control fed broilers without change in the Fayoumi line. Overall, the addition of a high concentration of phytase to broilers fed adequate concentrations of non-phytate P resulted in improved growth performance early with a reduction in this effect over time. Mucosal mucin-2 expression was increased with high-concentration phytase feeding across both lines, but IL-1β mRNA expression was reduced in the duodenum of broilers fed high concentrations of phytase, suggesting that the increased performance noted might be related to decreased inflammation.
Surfactant effects on interfacial flow and thermal transport processes during phase change in film boiling

The presence of surfactants in two-phase flows results in the transport and adsorption of surfactants to the interface, and the resulting local interfacial concentration significantly influences the surface tension between the liquid and vapor phases in a fluid undergoing phase change. This computational study is aimed at understanding and elucidating the mechanisms of enhanced flows and thermal transport processes in film boiling due to the addition of surfactants. A change in surface tension results in a change in the critical Rayleigh-Taylor wavelength leading to different bubble release patterns and a change in the overall heat transfer rates. Due to the presence of surfactants, an additional transport mechanism of the Marangoni convection arises from the resulting tangential gradients in the surfactant concentration along the phase interface. Our computational approach to study such phenomena consists of representing the interfacial motion by means of the coupled level set-volume-of-fluid method, the fluid motion via the classical marker-and-cell approach, as well as representations for the bulk transport of energy and surfactants, in conjunction with a phase change model and an interfacial surfactant model. Using such an approach, we perform numerical simulations of surfactant-laden single mode as well as multiple mode film boiling and study the effect of surfactants on the transport processes in film boiling, including bubble release patterns, vapor generation rates, and heat transfer rates at different surfactant concentrations. The details of the underlying mechanisms will be investigated and interpreted.The presence of surfactants in two-phase flows results in the transport and adsorption of surfactants to the interface, and the resulting local interfacial concentration significantly influences the surface tension between the liquid and vapor phases in a fluid undergoing phase change. This computational study is aimed at understanding and elucidating the mechanisms of enhanced flows and thermal transport processes in film boiling due to the addition of surfactants. A change in surface tension results in a change in the critical Rayleigh-Taylor wavelength leading to different bubble release patterns and a change in the overall heat transfer rates. Due to the presence of surfactants, an additional transport mechanism of the Marangoni convection arises from the resulting tangential gradients in the surfactant concentration along the phase interface. Our computational approach to study such phenomena consists of representing the interfacial motion by means of the coupled level set-volume-of-fluid method, the...
Treatment of Excessive Interpersonal Dependency: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model

Clients with excessive dependency often seek treatment for an Axis I anxiety or mood disorder. Simply providing treatment for the Axis I disorder may fail to address the long-standing personality factors that may underlie the acute anxiety and depression. A four-stage model has been proposed for the treatment of excessive interpersonal dependency. This model describes strategic ways therapy content and style should change over the course of treatment. Despite the apparent utility of the four-stage treatment model, it may be difficult to apply in many sites that now emphasize short-term approaches to treatment. In many cases, therapy can be designed to address themes that are relevant to both dependency and the Axis I syndrome. Therapy can be focused around helping clients make improvements in stabilizing emotional reactions, enhancing views of the self, and improving social functioning. Treatment focused on stabilizing emotional reactions can help clients confront and develop tolerance for feelings of depression and anxiety. Treatment focused on enhancing views of the self can help clients improve their self-esteem, self-reinforcement and reduce self-criticism. Treatment focused on improving social functioning can enhance social skills, reduce social anxiety and challenge feelings of loneliness. In addition, treatment can focus on reducing specific aspects of interpersonal dependency and confronting developmental antecedents that may underlie the dependency.
Grundprinzipien der Bildschirmformatierung

Fur jede Bildschirmdefinition benotigt man spezielle Angaben uber die Lage der einzelnen Felder auf dem Bildschirm. Die Mindestangaben hangen nur wenig von der verwendeten Bildschirmunterstutzung ab, ich will daher zunachst auf die wesentlichsten Informationen fur eine Bildschirmdefinition eingehen.
Fully Bayesian Penalized Regression With A Generalized Bridge Prior

We consider penalized regression models under a unified framework. The particular method is determined by the form of the penalty term, which is typically chosen by cross validation. We introduce a fully Bayesian approach that incorporates both sparse and dense settings and show how to use a type of model averaging approach to eliminate the nuisance penalty parameters and perform inference through the marginal posterior distribution of the regression coefficients. We establish tail robustness of the resulting estimator as well as conditional and marginal posterior consistency for the Bayesian model. We develop a component-wise Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for sampling. Numerical results show that the method tends to select the optimal penalty and performs well in both variable selection and prediction and is comparable to, and often better than alternative methods. Both simulated and real data examples are provided.
Impact of corrugations on bifurcation and thermoelastic responses of hat-stiffened panels

Abstract The thermoelastic response of aerospace structures is significantly influenced by structural nonlinearities and conventional design tools based on assumption of linearity prove to be insufficient. A nonlinear analysis of the thermoelastic response of aerospace structures opens up the possibility to capture the rich bifurcation behaviour of such panels. The primary objective of this paper is to study the impact of non-linearity and local geometric features, particularly corrugations, on the themoelastic response and bifurcation characteristics of a hat-stiffened panel. The study derives its motivation from the SR-71 Blackbird that was designed with corrugations in the upper and lower wing skins. A representative hat-stiffened panel is created with corrugations on the skin face-sheet and stiffeners, similar to those on the SR-71 skin panels. The amplitude of these corrugations is varied and the panels are loaded till the bifurcation point is reached. The results show that in the absence of corrugations (at face-sheets) the panel experiences two bifurcation points. The first is similar to the bifurcation predicted from a typical linearized buckling analysis and is surrounded by stable equilibrium branches such that a small perturbation causes the panel to switch to this branch. The second bifurcation point is surrounded by unstable subcritical branches and a perturbation can cause violent snap-through. Adding a face-sheet corrugation causes the first bifurcation point to disappear and the temperature for the second bifurcation point to increase monotonically with the amplitude of corrugation. The displacement and stress at the panel mid-point for a given temperature also reduces with increasing corrugation amplitude. The corrugation in stiffeners does not provide any tangible benefit within the scope of this study.
Experimental investigation of Lamb wave-based edge detection methods

In recent years, many researchers have explored the use of guided ultrasonic waves for nondestructive testing (NDT). When guided waves are transmitted into a structure, any geometric and material discontinuities in the waves’ path modify these waves. Using appropriate signal processing methods for the waves received at a sensor, information about these features can be extracted. However, little research has been conducted to locate the features and automatically generate maps without using a priori knowledge. For NDT of large-scale structures, such as the wings of an airplane, many (automated) measurements need to be conducted, and localization of identified features on a map is crucial for successful damage detection. Hence, in this work, methods to detect edges are investigated in an effort to generate a map of the structure using Lamb waves. Measurements are conducted with contact and air-coupled ultrasound transducers in laboratory experiments. While the used contact transducers do not exhibit any directional sensitivity, air-coupled transducers are only sensitive to incoming waves from one direction. Therefore, different data processing methods have to be applied, depending on the applied actuator or sensor technology. Even though the experiments are conducted for a pristine aluminum plate, an outlook for composite plates is given as well. In addition, it is explored whether guided-wave based methods also allow for the detection of other structural features, such as stiffeners. The accuracy of the applied identification methods is validated against the structures’ true dimensions. Even though substantial assumptions have to be made, the investigated methods show promise for successful application in real scenarios.
Item-nonspecific proactive interference in monkeys' auditory short-term memory.

Abstract Recent studies using the delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) paradigm indicate that monkeys' auditory short-term memory (STM) is susceptible to proactive interference (PI). During the task, subjects must indicate whether sample and test sounds separated by a retention interval are identical (match) or not (nonmatch). If a nonmatching test stimulus also occurred on a previous trial, monkeys are more likely to incorrectly make a “match” response (item-specific PI). However, it is not known whether PI may be caused by sounds presented on prior trials that are similar, but nonidentical to the current test stimulus (item-nonspecific PI). This possibility was investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, memoranda for each trial comprised tones with a wide range of frequencies, thus minimizing item-specific PI and producing a range of frequency differences among nonidentical tones. In Experiment 2, memoranda were drawn from a set of eight artificial sounds that differed from each other by one, two, or three acoustic dimensions (frequency, spectral bandwidth, and temporal dynamics). Results from both experiments indicate that subjects committed more errors when previously-presented sounds were acoustically similar (though not identical) to the test stimulus of the current trial. Significant effects were produced only by stimuli from the immediately previous trial, suggesting that item-nonspecific PI is less perseverant than item-specific PI, which can extend across noncontiguous trials. Our results contribute to existing human and animal STM literature reporting item-nonspecific PI caused by perceptual similarity among memoranda. Together, these observations underscore the significance of both temporal and discriminability factors in monkeys' STM.
LIFE THREATENING THROMBI IN PREGNANCY

Factor V Leiden is the most common hereditary hypercoagulable disease in the US. Thromboembolism accounts for 12-15% of maternal deaths in pregnancy. We report a rare case of multiple intra-atrial thrombi in the setting of heterozygous Factor V Leiden during pregnancy. A 26-year-old female
Multi-omics-based pan-cancer prognosis prediction using an ensemble of deep-learning and machine-learning models

Abstract The prognosis prediction of cancer patients is important for disease management. We introduce DeepProg, a new computational framework that robustly predicts patient survival subtypes based on multiple types of omic data, using an ensemble of deep-learning and machine-learning models. We apply DeepProg on 32 cancer datasets from TCGA and identified multiple cancer survival subtypes. Patient survival risk-stratification based on DeepProg is significantly better (p-value=7.9e-7 rank sum test) than Similarity Network Fusion based multi-omics data integration in all cancer types. Further comprehensive pan-cancer comparative analysis unveils the genomic signatures common among all the poorest survival subtypes, with genes enriched in extracellular matrix modeling, immune deregulation, and mitosis processes. Furthermore, models built on closely related cancer types using DeepProg are predictive of the subtypes of some other cancers, demonstrating the utility of DeepProg for transfer learning.
In the Shadow of State Government: Changes in Municipal Spending After Two Recessions:

This research estimates a model of own-source revenue diversification and a model of changes in operational spending in municipal governments from 1997 to 2012 to determine how these governments ha...
Development and validation of a predictive score for anterograde crossing of infrapopliteal chronic total occlusions: (The Infrapop-CTO Score).

Background Patients with critical limb ischemia often have infrapopliteal (IP) chronic total occlusions (CTOs). While revascularization is indicated to prevent major amputation, anterograde crossing of these lesions can be challenging, with high failure rates. Objective To develop and validate a scoring system that can adequately predict successful anterograde crossing of infrapopliteal CTOs. Methods and results A total of 213 IP CTOs (147 successfully crossed with the anterograde approach vs. 66 where anterograde crossing failed) were included in the analysis. Backwards stepwise selection (p for retention 200 mm. The score was shown to have an excellent discriminatory ability for successful crossing, with low scores (0-2) associated with low failure rates (10%) and high scores associated with high failure rates (79%). Conclusions The Infrapop-CTO score can stratify the procedural complexity of IP CTOs based on the likelihood of successful anterograde crossing. This score may help to direct optimal approaches toward infrapopliteal revascularization of patients with critical limb ischemia.
Defining and identifying predictors of rapid response to pediatric obesity treatment.

Early weight loss (rapid response [RR]) is associated with better outcomes in adults. Less is known about RR in children enrolled in weight-loss treatment. The aim of the current study was to establish an RR weight-loss threshold following 4 weeks of pediatric obesity treatment and identify characteristics associated with achieving RR. One hundred thirty-seven children aged 8 to 12 with overweight/obesity and parents participated in 6 months of family-based or parent-based treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated how weight loss at week 4 related to decreases of 5% at posttreatment and 10% at 6- and 18-month follow-ups of standardized body mass index (BMIz), percentage distance of a child's BMI from the median BMI for sex and age, and percentage above the 95th percentile. Weight loss of 2.4% to 3.4% at week 4 predicted 5% change at posttreatment (AUC's = .68-.75; P's ≤ .002) and 10% change at 6-month follow-up (AUC's = .63-.70; P's ≤ .02). No model was significant at 18-month follow-up. Amount of parent weight (lbs) change at week 4 was associated with child achieving RR. Males and Non-Hispanic Whites were more likely to achieve RR. This threshold could be used to mark early significant progress and guide clinical evaluations of treatment response to paediatric obesity treatment.
BRS3 in both MC4R- and SIM1-expressing neurons regulates energy homeostasis in mice.

Abstract Objective Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS3) is an orphan receptor and Brs3 knockout mice develop obesity with increased food intake and reduced resting metabolic rate and body temperature. The neuronal populations contributing to these effects were examined. Methods We studied energy metabolism in mice with Cre-mediated recombination causing 1) loss of BRS3 selectively in SIM1- or MC4R-expressing neurons or 2) selective re-expression of BRS3 from a null background in these neurons. Results The deletion of BRS3 in MC4R neurons increased body weight/adiposity, metabolic efficiency, and food intake, and reduced insulin sensitivity. BRS3 re-expression in these neurons caused partial or no reversal of these traits. However, these observations were confounded by an obesity phenotype caused by the Mc4r-Cre allele, independent of its recombinase activity. The deletion of BRS3 in SIM1 neurons increased body weight/adiposity and food intake, but not to the levels of the global null. The re-expression of BRS3 in SIM1 neurons reduced body weight/adiposity and food intake, but not to wild type levels. The deletion of BRS3 in either MC4R- or SIM1-expressing neurons affected body temperature, with re-expression in either population reversing the null phenotype. MK-5046, a BRS3 agonist, increases light phase body temperature in wild type, but not Brs3 null, mice and BRS3 re-expression in either population restored response to MK-5046. Conclusions BRS3 in both MC4R- and SIM1-expressing neurons contributes to regulation of body weight/adiposity, insulin sensitivity, food intake, and body temperature.
Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: Contraceptive counseling for transgender and gender diverse people who were female sex assigned at birth.

Abstract Everyone of reproductive potential, no matter sex or gender, may have contraceptive needs. However, with no professional society guidelines and scant data on contraceptive use for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) populations, clinicians’ abilities to counsel patients on use, safety, side effects, and efficacy is severely limited. We know very little about how estrogen- and progestin-containing contraceptive methods interact with gender-affirming testosterone therapy. Consequently, providers must extrapolate from data on use of hormonal contraceptive methods in presumed cisgender women and rely on clinical expertise. Based on available literature and expert opinion, there are important considerations for each method that can help guide contraceptive counseling with TGD patients. Specific considerations include differential experience of side-effects in TGD patients, barriers to access, and potential misconceptions regarding menstruation and reproductive capacity. When counseling a TGD person about their contraception options, providers should engage in shared decision-making, acknowledging the spectrum of identities and experiences within these communities. In order to support gender-affirming patient-centered care, providers should also create a space that is welcoming, use language that promotes inclusivity, and perform physical exams that consider the potential physical and emotional discomforts specific to these patients. Given the lack of population-specific data and guidelines, we encourage providers to integrate what is known about contraceptive use in cisgender women with the unique needs of TGD persons to apply a shared decision-making contraceptive counseling approach with members of these communities.
A Tale of Two Forums: Employment Discrimination Outcomes in Arbitration and Litigation:

This article presents data from a novel survey of 1,256 employment plaintiff attorneys to test whether employee rights and remedies are affected by mandatory employment arbitration. By surveying at...
Molecular Basis for a Cell Fate Switch in Response to Impaired Ribosome Biogenesis in the Arabidopsis Root Epidermis

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root epidermis consists of a position-dependent pattern of root hair cells and non-hair cells. Underlying this cell type patterning is a network of transcription factors including a central MYB-basic helix-loop-helix-WD40 complex containing WEREWOLF (WER), GLABRA3 (GL3)/ENHANCER OF GLABRA3, and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1. In this study, we used a genetic enhancer screen to identify apum23-4, a mutant allele of the ribosome biogenesis factor (RBF) gene ARABIDOPSIS PUMILIO23 (APUM23), which caused prospective root hair cells to instead adopt the non-hair cell fate. We discovered that this cell fate switch relied on MYB23, a MYB protein encoded by a WER target gene and acting redundantly with WER. In the apum23-4 mutant, MYB23 exhibited ectopic expression that was WER independent and instead required ANAC082, a recently identified ribosomal stress response mediator. We examined additional RBF mutants that produced ectopic non-hair cells and determined that this cell fate switch is generally linked to defects in ribosome biogenesis. Furthermore, the flagellin peptide flg22 triggers the ANAC082-MYB23-GL2 pathway. Taken together, our study provides a molecular explanation for root epidermal cell fate switch in response to ribosomal defects and, more generally, it demonstrates a novel regulatory connection between stress conditions and cell fate control in plants.
Cross-sectional Examination of the Corporate Bond Market Performance - The Rise of the Momentum and Contrarian Unidentified Factor Mimicking Corporate Bond Portfolios!

We examine momentum and reversal anomalies in corporate bond returns at the firm-level employing a novel dataset, SoKat Credit, comprising bonds of 323 of the largest and liquid companies over the period from 2002 to 2020. Our study documents significant short-term reversal in the cross-sectional of corporate bond returns concentrated at the one week interval with annualized returns on the zero investment long-short portfolio of 9.9%. We also document company-level momentum spillover effect into corporate bond returns when sorting on past equity returns, that is, our “bond-stock” strategy, which delivers annualized return of 5.0% is statistically significant and robust baring the usual suspects of caveats.
Problems: Real Number Systems, Exponents and Radicals, and Absolute Values and Inequalities

In this chapter, the basic and advanced problems of real number systems, exponents, radicals, absolute values, and inequalities are presented. To help students study the chapter in the most efficient way, the problems are categorized in different levels based on their difficulty levels (easy, normal, and hard) and calculation amounts (small, normal, and large). Moreover, the problems are ordered from the easiest problem with the smallest computations to the most difficult problems with the largest calculations.
Removing Faculty: Patterns and Processes of Retrenchment and Restructuring:

This article uses 30 years of investigatory and special reports by the American Association of University Professors’ Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure to understand how retrenchment and r...
Chironectes panamensis (Water opossum)

These karyotypes are gifts of Dr. Robert J. Baker. The specimens were captured in a locality approximately 12 Km north of Santa Barbara, Honduras. Bone marrow samples were used for cytological preparations. The voucher specimen numbers are ♂ 12599 and ♀ 12601, respectively, which are kept at Texas Tech University Museum, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
What are the potential outcomes of integrating emotionally competent behaviours into the care of psychiatric patients

Accessible summary • Psychiatric nurses regularly encounter stressful clinical situations. • Today's challenging behavioural/psychiatric healthcare environments may impede a nurse's ability to demonstrate emotionally competent behaviours. • Emotional competence refers to one's ability to effectively express or release inner feelings. It also implies mutual respect for others and the ability to effectively communicate and participate in productive interpersonal interactions. • Emotionally competent nurses effectively deal with their emotions in stressful situations without suppressing others or their emotions. Abstract This descriptive study explored the concept of emotional competence in inpatient psychiatric nurse's daily interactions. Psychiatric registered nurses were asked to identify interactions of emotional competence they experienced on the nursing unit. Content analysis revealed deficits in self-awareness, mood management and managing relationships.
A Stargazer Foretells the Way to the Synapse

How do AMPA receptors that are made in the cytoplasm of excitatory neurons travel to and become localized in the distant postsynaptic membranes of dendrites? Nakagawa and Sheng, in a Perspective, suggest that the answer may lie in the stargazin protein that has now been found to interact with AMPA receptors, guiding them to the postsynaptic membrane.
Replacement Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis 168 in a Chemically Defined Medium

A replacement sporulation technique (i.e., the sporulation of vegetative cells upon suspension in an appropriate medium) has been developed for Bacillus subtilis 168 (a transformable Marburg strain of B. subtilis). The replacement sporulation medium used is composed of inorganic salts and 10 mm ammonium lactate or glutamate. The requirement for ammonium lactate or glutamate could also be satisfied by other compounds that are metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Sporulation of the suspended vegetative cells was completed by 8 to 10 hr after suspension, and the resulting spores were indistinguishable from spores produced in a conventional growth and sporulation medium. Various physiological changes previously reported to be associated with sporulation (e.g., increase in the level of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and changes in the rates of synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein) could also be demonstrated during replacement sporulation.
Transcription of Simian virus 40. I : separation of the strands of SV40 DNA and hybridization of the separated strands to RNA extracted from lytically infected and transformed cells

Asymmetric RNA was synthesized in vitro from SV40 component I DNA using Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. When denatured, unit-length, single-stranded SV40 DNA was incubated in the presence of 6- to 20-fold excess of asymmetric RNA, about 50% of the DNA (E-DNA) formed DNA-RNA hybrids. The unhybridized DNA (L-DNA) was separated from the DNA-RNA hybrids by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. E-DNA and L-DNA were shown to be the complementary strands of SV40 DNA. After further purification and shearing, the separated strands were hybridized to RNA extracted at different stages of lytic infection and to RNA from transformed cells. “Early” RNA contained sequences complementary to 30% of E-strand DNA; “late” RNA bound to 30 to 35% of Estrand DNA and to 70% of L-strand DNA. RNA from SV3T3 cells hybridized with 50% of E-strand DNA and 15 to 20% of L-strand DNA.
Tenure Choice, Housing Demand and Residential Location

This paper incorporates location and tenure choice into a simultaneous equation model of housing demand. The estimation results reveal that an important asymmetry may exist between renters and home...
Northern timing of deglaciation in the eastern equatorial Pacific from alkenone paleothermometry

(1) The equatorial cold tongue (ECT) of the eastern Pacific is the most dynamic ocean region in the world's tropics and sets the tempo for global climate anomalies arising from El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This region's deglaciation history and relationship with north and south polar climates remains poorly understood, impeding integration of tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere dynamics and ENSO variability in our understanding of glacial cycles. Here we present alkenone reconstructions of sea surface temperature (SST) across the last glacial termination from five ECT cores east of the Galapagos Islands. A composite index of SST based on these demonstrates strong temporal affinity with the two-step deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere, composed of two distinct warming steps at the beginning of the Bolling and the end of the Younger Dryas intervals. Within dating uncertainty, warming in the ECT began in phase with the Bolling excursion, was followed by a 2-3 ka plateau, and resumed with a second pulse at the end of the Younger Dryas. On the basis of our reconstructions, about two thirds of the warming materialized at or after the end of the Younger Dryas, implying a marked delay in the region's response to deglaciation. The results challenge the prevailing paradigm that ECT deglacial history conforms to an Antarctic timing, commonly attributed to advection from the Southern Ocean through an interior oceanic link, or to synchronous response of both regions to CO2 forcing. Our results emphasize instead the role of dynamical adjustments linked to Northern Hemisphere processes, most likely transmitted through the atmosphere.
Some Mathematics for DNA Restriction Mapping

DNA sequences are finite sequences over a four letter alphabet. Molecular biologists have available restriction enzymes which cut the DNA sequence at short patterns, specific to the enzyme. By using restriction enzymes singly and in combination, the biologist constructs a map of the location of the enzyme cut sites. It is shown that the simplest such problem is in the class of NP complete problems, and a simulated annealing algorithm for restriction mapping is studied. Under a simple probability model, the mapping problem is shown to have an exponentially increasing number of solutions.
Intrinsic and selected resistance to antibiotics binding the ribosome: analyses of Brucella 23S rrn, L4, L22, EF-Tu1, EF-Tu2, efflux and phylogenetic implications.

Brucella spp. are highly similar, having identical 16S RNA. However, they have important phenotypic differences such as differential susceptibility to antibiotics binding the ribosome. Neither the differential susceptibility nor its basis has been rigorously studied. Differences found among other conserved ribosomal loci could further define the relationships among the classical Brucella spp. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Brucella reference strains and three marine isolates to antibiotics binding the ribosome ranged from 0.032 to >256 μg/ml for the macrolides erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin and 2 to >256 μg/ml for the lincosamide, clindamycin. Though sequence polymorphisms were identified among ribosome associated loci 23S rrn, rplV, tuf-1 and tuf-2 but not rplD, they did not correlate with antibiotic resistance phenotypes. When spontaneous erythromycin resistant (eryR) mutants were examined, mutation of the peptidyl transferase center (A2058G Ec) correlated with increased resistance to both erythromycin and clindamycin. Brucella efflux was examined as an alternative antibiotic resistance mechanism by use of the inhibitor L-phenylalanine-L-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN). Erythromycin MIC values of reference and all eryR strains, except the B. suis eryR mutants, were lowered variably by PAβN. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated ribosomal associated loci supported separate evolutionary paths for B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis/B. canis, clustering marine Brucella and B. neotomae with B. melitensis. Though Brucella ovis was clustered with B. abortus, the bootstrap value was low. Polymorphisms among ribosomal loci from the reference Brucella do not correlate with their highly differential susceptibility to erythromycin. Efflux plays an important role in Brucella sensitivity to erythromycin. Polymorphisms identified among ribosome associated loci construct a robust phylogenetic tree supporting classical Brucella spp. designations.
Manifolds whose higher odd order curvature operators have constant eigenvalues at the basepoint

LetR k be the higher-order curvature operator of a Riemannian manifoldM. IfR k has constant eigenvalues at the basepointP ofM for all oddk, then all the odd covariant derivatives of the curvature tensor vanish atP. If the metric is real analytic, the geodesic involution is a local isometry atP.
Activation of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol in rat uterus: an in vitro study.

Peroxidatic metabolism of benzo(a) pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by calcium containing extracts of rat uteri was investigated. Covalently bound and soluble metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol were quantitated by radiometry and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively 1 Uterine extracts incubated with benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol activated this proximate mutagen to protein binding metabolite(s). 2 Hydrogen peroxide increased the protein binding and yielded a substantial amount of benzo(a)pyrene-trans-anti-tetrahydrotetrol, suggesting the peroxyl-type free-radical epoxidation process. 3 The results indicate that rat uterine peroxidase is able to catalyze free-radical activation of benzo (a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by epoxidation to its 9,10-dihydrodiolepoxide, a known ultimate mutagen and carcinogen.
Development of a Drug and Alcohol Information Survey

Psychological measurement in regard to using drugs, alcohol, or other substances should attend to personological, attitudinal, and informational factors. Standardized tests are available for assess...
A comparative study of two approaches for supporting optimal network location queries

Given a set S of sites and a set O of weighted objects, an optimal location query finds the location(s) where introducing a new site maximizes the total weight of the objects that are closer to the new site than to any other site. With such a query, for instance, a franchise corporation (e.g., McDonald's) can find a location to open a new store such that the number of potential store customers (i.e., people living close to the store) is maximized. Optimal location queries are computationally complex to compute and require efficient solutions that scale with large datasets. Previously, two specific approaches have been proposed for efficient computation of optimal location queries. However, they both assume p-norm distance (namely, L1 and L2/Euclidean); hence, they are not applicable where sites and objects are located on spatial networks. In this article, we focus on optimal network location (ONL) queries, i.e., optimal location queries in which objects and sites reside on a spatial network. We introduce two complementary approaches, namely EONL (short for Expansion-based ONL) and BONL (short for Bound-based ONL), which enable efficient computation of ONL queries with datasets of uniform and skewed distributions, respectively. Moreover, with an extensive experimental study we verify and compare the efficiency of our proposed approaches with real world datasets, and we demonstrate the importance of considering network distance (rather than p-norm distance) with ONL queries.
Occupational Types and Antenatal Care Attendance Among Women in Ghana

Improving antenatal care is considered a priority and has been relevant toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), yet antenatal care attendance remains relatively low in Ghana. Guided by the Andersen and Newman framework and employing logit models, we examine associations between occupational types and antenatal care among Ghanaian women aged 15–49. Type of occupation, conceptualized as a predisposing factor, has a significant impact on the frequency and timing of antenatal care attendance at the bivariate level. The effect of occupational type was considerably mediated, however, when other socioeconomic variables such as wealth status were controlled in the multivariate models.
Controlled decomposition of kinetic higher order cyanocuprates : a new route to unsymmetrical biaryls

Abstract By controlling two key reaction parameters (temperature and mode of formation), unprecedented “kinetic” higher order cyanocuprates can be generated. Under oxidative conditins, their chemistry is unique when compared with constitutionally identical reagents formulated in the usual manner. Employing mixed diaryl reagents ArAr′Cu(CN)Li2, prepared from ArLi, Ar′Li, and CuCN, unsymmetrical biaryls (Ar-Ar′) can be realized with remarkable selectivity, in high chemical yields, and in a predicatable fashion.
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD ELDERLY PERSONS

College students’ attitudes toward elderly persons were ascertained using a convenience sample of 420. Instrumentation consisted of a 20‐item semantic differential scale developed by Sanders, Montgomery, Pittman, and Balkwell (1984). Using the semantic differential format, the respondents evaluated elderly persons in three target age groups, separated by gender. The research questions in this study were as follows: (a) What are college students’ attitudes toward a target population of male and female elderly categorized as the young old (65‐74), the old old (75‐99), and centenarians (100+)? (b)Are there differences in attitudes based on gender, size of home community, or experience with older persons? Repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted to assess whether there were differences in attitudes toward the three age categories of elderly targets. Results indicated that significant gender differences existed. Male respondents viewed female elderly targets in all age groups significantly more ne...