cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of epigenetic mechanisms and DNA double-strand break repair using laser micro-irradiation technique developed for hematological cells

Abstract Background Certain tumors rely heavily on their DNA repair capability to survive the DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, it is important to monitor the dynamics of DNA repair in patient samples during the course of their treatment, in order to determine whether a particular drug regimen perturbs the DNA repair networks in cancer cells and provides therapeutic benefits. Quantitative measurement of proteins and/or their posttranslational modification(s) at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by laser microirradiation provides an applicable diagnostic approach to examine DNA repair and its dynamics. However, its use is restricted to adherent cell lines and not employed in suspension tumor cells that include the many hematological malignancies. Methods Here, we report the development of an assay to laser micro-irradiate and quantitatively measure DNA repair transactions at DSB sites in normal mononuclear cells and a variety of suspension leukemia and lymphoma cells including primary patient samples. Findings We show that global changes in the H3K27me3-ac switch modulated by inhibitors of Class I HDACs, EZH2 methyltransferase and (or) H3K27me3 demethylases do not reflect the dynamic changes in H3K27me3 that occur at double-strand break sites during DNA repair. Interpretation Results from our mechanistic studies and proof-of-principle data with patient samples together show the effectiveness of using the modified micro-laser-based assay to examine DNA repair directly in suspension cancer cells, and has important clinical implications by serving as a valuable tool to assess drug efficacies in hematological cancer cells that grow in suspension.
Governing Dockless Bike Share: Early Lessons for Nice Ride Minnesota

Dockless bike share systems present an opportunity to expand access to bike share in cities by lowering costs and geographic barriers, but they also create additional challenges in the areas of mai...
A machine learning approach to construct a tissue-specific texture prior from previous full-dose CT for Bayesian reconstruction of current ultralow-dose CT images

Bayesian theory lies down a sound framework for ultralow-dose computed tomography (ULdCT) image reconstruction with two terms for modeling the data statistical property and incorporating a priori knowledge for the tobe- reconstructed image. This study investigates the feasibility of using machine learning strategy, particularly the convolutional neural network (CNN), to construct a tissue-specific texture prior from previous full-dose CT (FdCT) and integrates the prior with the pre-log shift Poisson (SP) data property for Bayesian reconstruction of ULdCT images. The Bayesian reconstruction was implemented by an algorithm, called SP-CNN-T, and compared with our previous Markov random field (MRF) based tissue-specific texture prior algorithm, called SP-MRF-T. Both training performance and image reconstruction results showed the feasibility of constructing CNN texture prior model and the potential of improving the structure preservation of the nodule comparing to our previous regional tissue-specific MRF texture prior model. Quantitative structure similarity index (SSIM) and texture Haralick features (HF) were used to measure the performance difference between SP-CNN-T and SP-MRF-T algorithms, demonstrating the feasibility and the potential of the investigated machine learning approach.
Amino and fatty acids in carbonaceous meteorites

The presence of organic substances in carbonaceous meteorites has been known for at least one hundred and forty years. In 1834, for example, Berzelius (1) extracted complex organic substances from the Alais meteorite, and speculated about the significance of his discovery and its relationship to the possibility of extraterrestrial life. Since that time many studies of the organic chemistry of meteorites have been undertaken (2), and during this period controversies have developed concerning whether the organic material was a product of some extraterrestrial life. Within the last few years, however, new discoveries have narrowed the speculation. It is now generally believed that the indigenous organic compounds in meteorites are not derived from an extraterrestrial biota, but rather have been produced extraterrestrially by non- biological, chemical syntheses (3-8). In fact, these recent discoveries have provided persuasive, naturally occurring evidence in strong support of the theory of chemical evolution as first proposed by A. I. Oparin (9) in 1924.
Environmental effects of chitosan as an immobilization medium for electrochemically active small molecules

A number of challenges arise when using ferrocene as a component of electrochemical biosensors, including solubility in aqueous solutions. Therefore, entrapment of the biotin-ferrocene molecules wi...
Liptan with Santen Jr.: Sustainable Stormwater Management: A Landscape-Driven Approach to Planning and Design

Given the wide interdisciplinary nature of the field, books bearing stormwater management in their titles may vary in content from equation-heavy manuals to community-building guides. Sustainable S...
Overcoming Job Insecurity: Examining Grit as a Predictor

Advancing a nascent stream of research linking grit to employment retention, this article investigated how job insecurity interacted with a person’s level of grit to predict turnover intentions and...
Posttransplant Complications Predict Alcohol Relapse in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Alcohol relapse after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major challenge. Although its association with pretransplant psychosocial factors was extensively studied, the impacts of posttransplant courses on alcohol relapse have not been well investigated. The aim of this study is to analyze peritransplant factors associated with posttransplant alcohol relapse in patients with ALD. This study evaluated 190 adult LT patients with ALD from 2013 to 2019. Risk factors for alcohol relapse were analyzed, focusing on posttransplant chronic complications, which were classified as Clavien-Dindo classification 3a or higher that lasted over 30 days. The posttransplant alcohol relapse rate was 13.7% (26/190) with a median onset time of 18.6 months after transplant. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that posttransplant chronic complications were an independent risk factor for posttransplant alcohol relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 5.40; P = 0.001), along with psychiatric comorbidity (HR, 3.93; P = 0.001), history of alcohol relapse before LT (HR, 3.00; P = 0.008), and an abstinence period <1.5 years (HR, 12.05; P = 0.001). A risk prediction model was created using 3 pretransplant risk factors (psychiatric comorbidity, alcohol relapse before LT, and abstinence period <1.5 years). This model clearly stratified the risk of alcohol relapse into high-, moderate-, and low-risk groups (P < 0.001). Of the 26 patients who relapsed, 11 (42.3%) continued drinking, of whom 3 died of severe alcoholic hepatitis, and 13 (50.0%) achieved sobriety (outcomes for 2 patients were unknown). In conclusion, posttransplant chronic complications increased the risk of alcohol relapse. Recognition of posttransplant chronic complications in conjunction with the risk stratification model by pretransplant psychosocial factors would help with the prediction of posttransplant alcohol relapse.
Chapter 19 – Crocodylians

Crocodylians have a robust skull, a long snout and strongly toothed jaws, a short neck, a robust cylindrical trunk extending without constriction into a thick laterally compressed tail, and short but strongly developed limbs. They are the largest living reptiles—a few snakes are longer but weigh less. Their global distribution is pantropical, with some species entering temperate zones along rivers. All live in water, with a few inhabiting coastal marshes and occasionally entering the seas. They are represented by 23 species in three families. All are predaceous and feed on large vertebrates. Conservation status of crocodylians is summarized. An up-to-date phylogeny details approximate time periods during which divergences occurred during the evolutionary history of crocodylians and shows evolutionary relationships among the families as we now know them. Taxonomic accounts provide information on generic content, distribution, characteristics, and biology of each family.
Low base rates and a high IQ selection threshold prevented Terman from identifying future Nobelists

Abstract Although the accomplishments of the 1528 subjects of the Genetic Studies of Genius are impressive, they do not represent the pinnacle of human achievement. Since the early 1990s, commentators have criticized the study because two future Nobelists—William Shockley and Luis Alvarez—were among the candidates screened for the study; but they were rejected because their IQ scores were too low. Critics see this as a flaw of Terman's methodology and/or intelligence testing. This study simulates the Terman's sampling procedure to estimate the probability that Terman would have selected one or both future Nobelists from a population of 168,000 candidates. Using simulations, we created a model that reflected the reliability of the IQ scores used to select individuals for the Genetic Studies of Genius and the relationship between IQ and Nobelist status. Results showed that it was unlikely for Terman to identify children who would later earn Nobel prizes, mostly because of the low base rate of earning a Nobel and the high minimum IQ needed to be selected for Terman's study. Changes to the methodology that would have been required to select one or both Nobelists were not practical. Therefore, future Nobelists' absence from the Genetic Studies of Genius sample is not a fatal flaw of intelligence testing or Terman's study. Instead, predicting high levels of eminence requires measuring a variety of relevant cognitive and non-cognitive variables. A preprint version of this paper is available at https://psyarxiv.com/g4x6r/ . Simulation code and results and reliability generalization information are available at https://osf.io/3xfe8/ .
Considerations in the Cost Impact of Complications and Revisional Surgery in Cosmetic Oculofacial Surgery

A number of unhappy factors converge in the care of any disappointed aesthetic surgery patient, including the psychological aspects for the patient and how these concerns additionally burden the care team (see Chaps. 28 and 29). Monetary costs that factor in include the financial costs incurred by the patient, time, pain and suffering, potential litigation with legal and settlement costs, and costs incurred by a care team that may be reluctant to pass the entire financial burden on to the patient.
Does sublingual microscopy correlate with nailfold videocapillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis

In this study, we examine sublingual videomicroscopy and nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) features in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients presenting for routine care. Consented participants met classification criteria for SSc. Sublingual videomicroscopy testing was performed in each subject, followed by a NVC assessment. Sublingual assessment provided a density measurement, red blood cell fraction (RBC fract), and perfused boundary region (PBR) score. NVC evaluator defined nailfold findings as normal; specific changes for “early,” “active,” and “late” scleroderma pattern; or “non-specific” changes. Microangiopathy evolution score was calculated for each participant. Statistical evaluation was performed by non-parametric tests to assess the correlation of the two tools. Thirty-nine SSc patients with limited cutaneous disease participated in this study. Most participants had late pattern NVC. There was a highly significant association between the total sublingual microvascular density and number of capillaries measured by NVC (r = 0.569, P = 0.0002), and statistically significant negative correlation between sublingual total microvascular density and microangiopathy evolution score (r = 0.532, P = 0.0006). There was significant, negative correlation between the total sublingual microvascular density and disorganization of vascular array and capillary ramification (r = 0.461, P = 0.003) and degree of giant capillaries (r = 0.387, P = 0.01). There was no correlation between RBC fract and PBR with NVC parameters. This study showed a significant correlation between sublingual videomicroscopy and NVC in terms of sublingual total microvascular density and microangiopathy evolution score. These preliminary results further support the serial use of a non-invasive and automated sublingual microvascular function testing and glycocalyx measurement in the clinical setting. • Tools that longitudinally assess microvascular function and morphologic features are important for monitoring SSc vasculopathy. • Nailfold and sublingual microscopy can identify a loss of capillary density in SSc patients.
Age Is More Predictive of Safe Movement Patterns Than Are Physical Activity or Sports Specialization: A Prospective Motion Analysis Study of Young Athletes

Background:Movement quality and neuromuscular balance are noted predictors of acute injury. Early sports specialization and extremely high activity levels have been linked to elevated risk of injur...
Uspostava veza Međunarodnoga odbora Crvenoga križa i Narodnooslobodilačke vojske i partizanskih odreda Jugoslavije za vrijeme Drugoga svjetskog rata

Djelatna uloga Međunarodnoga odbora Crvenoga križa (MOCK) do izražaja dolazi u ratnim okolnostima u provođenju aktivnosti utemeljenih na međunarodnom ratnom pravu da bi se osigurala pomoc za sve ratne stradalnike. U osiguravanju uvjeta rada tijekom Drugoga svjetskog rata MOCK je pokusao uspostaviti službene odnose sa svim zaracenim državama, odnosno svim vojnim snagama bez obzira na to je li im bio priznat status zaracene strane. Stoga su u radu prikazani i napori koje je MOCK uložio u pokusaje da pripadnici Narodnooslobodilacke vojske i partizanskih odreda Jugoslavije steknu službeni položaj zaracene strane, odnosno službeni status ratnih zarobljenika, te da se na njih dosljedno primijene odredbe međunarodnoga ratnog prava. Usprkos prethodnim kontaktima MOCK je tek nakon imenovanja stalnoga predstavnika u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj (1943.) zapoceo opsežne aktivnosti u korist pripadnika partizanskoga pokreta Jugoslavije, od kojih su najvažnije bile prakticna primjena odredaba međunarodnoga ratnog prava na zarobljene pripadnike partizanskih jedinica te osiguravanje raznih oblika pomoci. S istom je nakanom predstavnik MOCK-a uspostavio kontakt i s Vrhovnim stabom Narodnooslobodilacke vojske i partizanskih odreda Jugoslavije, a suradnja je olaksana tek nakon potpisivanja sporazuma Tito-Subasic, sto je rezultiralo uspostavom službenih odnosa krajem 1944. godine. Na temelju izvornoga arhivskoga gradiva, objavljenih izvora i literature autor pokazuje i neke aspekte suradnje do zavrsetka rata te u neposrednom poracu.
Hyperlactatemia in diabetic ketoacidosis

AIMS The study examined the prevalence and degree of lactate elevation in diabetic ketoacidosis, and explored which biochemical abnormalities predicted L-lactate levels. METHODS We reviewed episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis from 79 diabetes patients (one episode per patient). Separate univariate linear regression models were specified to predict lactate level from each of nine biochemical variables. Significant predictors from the univariate models were included in a final multivariate linear regression model to predict lactate levels. RESULTS Mean (SD) lactate level was 3.05 (1.66) mmol/L; about 65% of patients had lactate levels >2 mmol/L. In the final multivariate linear regression model (R2 = 0.45), higher lactate levels were associated with greater hydrogen ion concentration (standardised β = .60, t = 4.16, p < 0.0001), higher blood glucose (standardised β = .28, t = 2.67, p = 0.009) and lower glomerular filtration rate estimated from creatinine (standardised β = -.23, t = 2.29, p = 0.025). Bicarbonate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, body mass index, mean arterial pressure and calculated osmolality were not significant predictors of lactate level. There were three distinct patterns of lactate levels with treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis: group 1 = gradual decline, group 2 = initial increase and then decline and group 3 = initial decline followed by a transient peak and subsequent decline. CONCLUSIONS Elevated lactate level is the norm in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Higher blood glucose levels and higher hydrogen ion concentrations are related to greater lactate. With treatment, there are different patterns of decline in lactate levels.
Diplomatic Theory of International Relations

Diplomacy does not take place simply between states but wherever people live in different groups. Paul Sharp argues that the demand for diplomacy, and the need for the insights of diplomatic theory, are on the rise. In contrast to conventional texts which use international relations theories to make sense of what diplomacy and diplomats do, this book explores what diplomacy and diplomats can contribute to the big theoretical and practical debates in international relations today. Sharp identifies a diplomatic tradition of international thought premised on the way people live in groups, the differences between intra- and inter-group relations, and the perspectives which those who handle inter-group relations develop about the sorts of international disputes which occur. He argues that the lessons of diplomacy are that we should be reluctant to judge, ready to appease, and alert to the partial grounds on which most universal claims about human beings are made.
Corporate Governacne and Pay-Performance Sensitivity

The present study focuses on the performance sensitivity of CEO wealth for a sample of Australian firms for the period 2005 to 2011. For a sample of 2153 non-financial firm-years, the study analyses the influences of economic determinants, governance and ownership factors on the performance sensitivity of CEO wealth for the pre-GFC, post-GFC sub-periods. Employing pooled OLS and panel random effects (RE) regressions, the study finds that firm size, performance and growth opportunities have a significant positive influence on the performance sensitivity of CEO wealth. Board size, CEO duality, average director tenure and board interlocking have a negative significant influence on the performance sensitivity of CEO wealth while CEO tenure and managerial ownership have a significant positive influence.
What Is Life Like After Colectomy for UC? Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis and Pouchitis

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis or “IPAA” is a surgical procedure to treat ulcerative colitis, where the entire colon is removed. The last portion of the small intestine is formed into a “pouch” and is attached internally to the anal sphincter muscle. This procedure is often done in two or three stages and usually involves a temporary ileostomy for 12–24 weeks, depending on the number of stages.
Reframing development theory: the significance of the idea of uneven and combined development

This article spells out the significance for Development Theory of the idea of “uneven and combined development.” It argues that the impasse that afflicted materialist theories of international capitalist development in the 1980s was rooted in two fundamental problems: a misreading of Marx’s categories as directly historical; and the lack of an orienting method for deploying those categories to interpret a world of multiple and interacting societies. After reviewing the impact of these problems on the evolution of the main postwar approaches to development, the article undertakes the task of reconstruction in three steps. First, it sets out Marx’s understanding of capitalist modernity, showing how this calls for but does not explicitly provide a historical conceptualization of capitalist development. Second, it shows how Trotsky’s idea of “uneven and combined development” offers such a conceptualization, and how it thereby historicizes the phenomenon of development itself. Finally, it considers the limits of Trotsky’s own formulation of the idea, and suggests how a version released from these limits could better explain the complex spatio-temporality of capitalist development and constructively engage the most consequential challenges posed by ascendant cultural approaches in the field.
The ``priority review vouchers'' for neglected pharmaceutical innovation and their impact on pharmaceutical patents

The priority review voucher scheme is a strong market-driven incentive which complements existing incentives for pharmaceutical research on neglected diseases. Contrary to other market based incentives, the PRV reconciles the need for innovation with generic manufacturers’ business plans – since the PRV scheme does not delay generic competition while extending effective patent life.
Quantum calculations of the O(3P)+H2-->OH+H reaction.

Quantum scattering calculations are reported for the O(3P)+H2(v=0,1) reaction using chemically accurate potential energy surfaces of 3A′ and 3A″ symmetry. We present state-to-state reaction cross sections and rate coefficients as well as thermal rate coefficients for the title reaction using accurate quantum calculations. Our calculations yield reaction cross sections that are in quantitative accord with results of recent crossed molecular beam experiments. Comparisons with results obtained using the J-shifting calculations show that the J-shifting approximation is quite reliable for this system. Thermal rate coefficients from the exact calculations and the J-shifting approximation agree remarkably well with experimental results. Our calculations also reproduce the markedly different OH(v′=0)/OH(v′=1) branching in O(3P)+H2(v=1) reaction, observed in experiments that use different O(3P) atom sources. In particular, we show that the branching ratio is a strong function of the kinetic energy of the O(3P) atom.
Transverse axial tomography of the spine.

✓ The authors describe the diagnostic value of transverse axial tomography in developmental lumbar stenosis, spondylosis, facetal hypertrophy, and other abnormalities that can constrict the spinal canal.
THE COMPOSITION OF MUSICS FOR MAN Or Decoding From Primitive Cultures The Scores For Human Behavior E. Mead Johnson Address, October, 1963

PRIMITIVE MAN has attracted the imagination, curiosity, and romanticism of men of Western culture for centuries—even millennia. Herodotus and Xenophon were compelled to report their brief contacts with him and his cultures, and centuries of explorers, travelers, adventurers, and poets have marveled at and enthusiastically recounted their experiences in uncivilized societies. Civilized man may see in the surviving remnants of primitive cultures his own origins and realize intuitively in observing them that other solutions to the problem of society and communal life are possible than those which historical events have selected to be his own lot, or condition humaine. The South Pacific, particularly, has been the source of romantic yearnings, and a large number of gifted artists and scientists have voyaged there from Europe and America in search of Rousseau9s Noble Savage. The Elysium which men of the romantic Western world have seen in the homeland, and the idyll they see in the lives of the South Sea Islanders, especially of the Polynesians, have preserved to this day their mysterious attraction. Pierre Loti, Robert Louis Stevenson, Joseph Conrad, Paul Gauguin, our Americans, Henry Adams and Herman Melville, and, more recently, Somerset Maugham and James Michener, have told the tales of the South Pacific with brush and pen more dramatically, if less exactly, than Bronislav Malinowsky, Alfred Russell Wallace, Charles Darwin, and Captain Cook. I think that I need no further defense or excuse of my concentration upon, and my prolonged sojourns in, the South Pacific region during the past decade than this list of illustrious predecessors.
Identity Dilemmas: Toward a More Situated Understanding

When are identity dilemmas—when people possess identities that conflict with one another and both are potentially stigmatizing—most likely to occur? Are they the result of generic social processes? A review of some of the extant research on “identity work” suggests that historical “misalignments” of culture and stratification, which we refer to as “lag,” create the greatest potential for stigma and the reproduction of inequalities. Lag is exacerbated by complex, intersecting axes of hierarchy, and amplified as symbolic environments globalize and subcultures multiply. Articulating culture and structure reveals how power plays out in interaction, and highlights the omnipresence of struggles for treatment as “fully human.” We consider whether “alignment” is even possible when multiple dimensions of social location intertwine, compete, and collide. Following Schwalbe and Mason-Schrock (1996), we argue that “subcultural” or collective identity work that brings new meanings into dominant cultural narratives may offer the greatest hope, but in the interim all coping strategies are costly.
Postpositivism and educational research

Chapter 1 What is Postpositivism? Chapter 2 Philosophical Commitments of Postpositivist Researchers Chapter 3 Objectivity, Relativity, and Value Neutrality Chapter 4 Can, and Should, Educational Inquiry be Scientific?
Estimating carbon flux to pelagic grazers in the ice-edge zone of the eastern Bering Sea

Zooplankton ingestion of phytoplankton carbon in the iceedge zone of the Eastern Bering Sea was measured using a deck incubation approach in 1982. Using further samples collected in 1983, the plant cell carbon to cell volume ratio was estimated at 0.0604 pg μm−3 from an experimentally determined particulate carbon to seston volume relationship. The application of this conversion to the results of experimental incubations of natural plant stocks with net-caught zooplankton produced ingestion rates of 68.8 and 10.26 mg C g−1 grazer d−1 for copepods and euphausiids, respectively. Extrapolating these rates to in situ zooplankton biomass at the edge of the seasonal ice pack yielded carbon flux rates through the zooplankton community ranging between 6.5 and 32.8 mg C m−2 d−1. This consumption amounted to less than 2% of the daily phytoplankton production in the ice-edge zone.
Application of Si(Li) detector response function for the analysis of a tungsten library standard

Abstract A Si(Li) detector energy response function has been applied to investigate the quality of a tungsten library standard, which has been utilized in a least-squares analysis of X-ray fluorescence spectra. Some of the peaks found in the tungsten standard have been identified to belong to elements such as Fe, Co, Ga, and As. Removal of these peaks resulted in a better tungsten library standard. The usefulness of the energy response function for least-squares analysis, when minicomputers are employed and when spectra from thick samples have to be analyzed, is discussed.
Conference summary — lattice gauge theory and heavy-ion collisions

Abstract This conference summary consists of three parts. First, a primer, in the form of questions and answers, on lattice gauge theory is presented to familiarize nuclear physicists and experimentalists involved with heavy-ion collisions with the basics of this field. Second, the contributions to the conference on the thermodynamics of gauge fields, computer simulation at non-zero chemical potential and the inclusion of dynamical massless quarks into lattice gauge calculations, are reviewed. And third, the lack of adequate computer facilities needed to improve the present generation of calculations is discussed and a proposal for a Center for Heavy-Ion Simulations is sketched to solve the dilemma.
Pitfalls in First-Trimester Bleeding

The focus of this article is first-trimester bleeding. Vaginal bleeding during the first 3 months of pregnancy is a common event. It is important that the emergency physicians recognize patients with vaginal bleeding who may have an adverse outcome if misdiagnosed or not treated appropriately in the emergency department. Causes of first-trimester vaginal bleeding include implantation bleeding, spontaneous abortions, ectopic pregnancy, and lesions involving the female reproductive system and perineal area infections.
Theory of highly exothermic electron transfer reactions

The theory of highly exothermic homogeneous outer-sphere electron transfer reactions is discussed for transfers occurring over a range of distances. A finite rate of diffusion of reactants and their long-range force are treated by solving the diffusion equation numerically for the reactant pair distribution function. Steady-state solutions for the bimolecular rate constant are compared with experimental data as well as with our recent approximate analytic solution, which is found to agree in the present case. On the basis of short-time solutions, it is proposed that experiments which measure electron transfer rates at short times following the onset of reaction improve the possibility of observing the inverted effect in bimolecular systems. The chance of seeing it in linked systems (unimolecular reactions) is even greater. The relation between the prediction of an “inverted region” in the rate constant vs. ΔG° plot and the existence of a maximum in charge transfer spectral plots of intensity vs. absorption frequency is pointed out.
Entrepreneurship, Secrecy, and Productivity: A Comparison of Clinical and Non-Clinical Life Sciences Faculty

This paper addresses research in the life sciences, responsible for significant national expenditures for scientific investigations funded by both the federal government and industry. Our investigation examines faculty members' involvement with industry in “entrepreneurial” ways that is, involved in translating their research into potentially marketable knowledge or products. First, this study examines whether there are differences in entrepreneurial behaviour between clinical and non-clinical faculty in the life sciences with industry relationships, and, second, to discover any linkage between entrepreneurship and secrecy or productivity in different ways for clinical and non-clinical faculty. The study is based on survey responses of a national sample of 4,000 clinical and non-clinical life sciences faculty in 49 U.S. research universities. The results show non-clinical faculty as more involved at the back end. The more entrepreneurial end of commercialization while clinical faculty are involved at the back end. The more entrepreneurial faculty (non-clinical) are more likely to be secretive about their research. Clinical faculty are less likely to have been denied access to research results or products. Entrepreneurial faculty are not less productive in their faculty roles. This investigation is preliminary in that it addresses one large area of academic research but excludes fields with longer historical relationships with industry.
An MBoC Favorite: Regulation of the vitellogenin receptor during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis

transmembrane vitellogenin receptor, Yolkless, the authors found transcripts and receptor protein are already present in very immature egg chambers, much earlier than yolk granules. The striking result was the altered subcellular localization of Yolkless when yolk storage begins; at this juncture, Yolkess exits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and traffics to the oolemma, permitting endocytic uptake and storage of yolk. Several
Hormonal therapies: ADT for prostate cancer: true love or heartbreak?

The addition of hormonal therapy to radiation therapy improves survival in men with unfavorable risk prostate cancer. Yet, men with prostate cancer have higher rates of non-cancer death than the general population and most will die from causes other than their index malignancy. Co-morbid cardiovascular disease is strongly associated with cause of death and this raises the possibility that prostate cancer or its treatment increases cardiovascular disease risk and possibly mortality.
A gas barrier film composed of SiO2/Al2O3 multilayers on flexible substrates

A gas barrier film composed of SiO2/Al2O3 multilayers on flexible PEN and PI substrates is studied. The multilayers are obtained by stacking six SiO2/Al2O3 pairs utilizing the RF sputtering, and each layer is about 60 nm in thickness. The barrier performances are further identified by the accelerated transparent Ca tests we proposed and the OLED lifetime tests. The water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) of the gas barrier films are calculated to be 5.05×10 -3 at 85 o C/85%RH and 9.5×10 -6 at 20 o C/60%RH, respectively. The decay rate in the Ca test at 85 o C/85%RH is approximately 531 times faster than that at 20 o C/60%RH. The half lifetime of the OLED with the multilayers gas barrier as the substrate lasts as long as the device using the glass substrate, which shows the feasibility of fabricating a thin film encapsulated OLED.
A Comparison of Geophysics And Archaeological Excavation Data On a Hopewell Site

In 1992 the federal government created the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. This Park is to include the Hopeton Earthworks, the High Banks Works, the Hopewell mound Group and the Seip Earthworks. The National Park Service has been authorized to acquire these sites in Ross county, Ohio. As part of the archaeological evaluation of these sites, the Park Service has contracted to have geophysical surveys conducted on some of these sites. This paper will discuss a geophysical survey in this program, the predictions based on the data, the excavation test results and the lessons that can be learned from all of this.
CHEMICAL PREDATOR INSPECTION AND ATTACK CONE AVOIDANCE IN A CHARACIN FISH: THE EFFECTS OF PREDATOR DIET

Many prey organisms will approach (inspect) a potential predator, primarily to assess local risk of predation. It has been argued that by avoiding the head region of predators during inspections, prey can reduce the risks associated with such behaviour (attack cone avoidance). Prior experiments, however, have not incorporated the combined chemical and visual predator cues. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine the effects of combined predator dietary (chemical) and visual cues on the form and location of predator inspection visits by glowlight tetras ( Hemigrammus erythrozonus ). Tetras were exposed to a live cichlid predator ( Cichlasoma octofasciatum ) which had been fed tetras (with alarm pheromone), swordtails ( Xiphophorus helleri ; lacking Ostariophysan alarm pheromones) or food deprived. There was no significant difference in the overall rate of predator inspection by tetras to tetra-fed, swordtail-fed or food deprived cichlids. There was, however, a significant effect of predator diet on the size of inspection shoals and the location of inspections. Tetras inspected a tetrafed predator in significantly smaller groups, more often as singletons and directed a greater proportion of their inspections towards the tail of the predator. Tetras exposed to swordtail-fed or food deprived cichlids inspected in larger groups and directed more inspections towards the head of the predator. When the predator dietary cue contained tetra alarm pheromone, there was a significant increase in the attack latency by predators. Taken together, these data suggest that tetras use both chemical and visual predator cues during inspection visits and will modify their behaviour based on the presence or absence of conspecific alarm pheromone in the diet of a potential predator.
Stochastic modeling and identification of emergent behaviors of an Endothelial Cell population in angiogenic pattern formation

Despite a high level of stochasticity and heterogeneity, a population of biological cells can collectively construct a complex structure that emerges from individual cell behaviors. Endothelial Cells (ECs), for example, create a vascular network with a tubular structure through interactions with the surrounding scaffold and other cells. Individual cells make a series of discrete decisions whether to migrate, proliferate, or die, leading to network pattern formation. This paper presents a methodology for deriving agent behavior models from EC time lapse data in an in vitro micro-fluidic environment. Individual cells are modeled as stochastic agents that detect growth factors (chemical molecules) and the scaffold conditions, and that make stochastic phenotype state transitions. Based on observed behaviors, a model is obtained for predicting the behavior of a population of interacting cells, which will sprout out, form a tubular structure, and create a branch to generate a vascular network − the process referred to as angiogenesis. A Maximum Likelihood method for estimating model parameters from angiogenesis process time lapse data is then presented. The identified mechanism of emergent pattern formation, although investigated in the context of angiogenesis, provides useful insights for swarm and modular robotics.
From Passive Psyche to Dynamic Dasein

This article is a study in contrasts between Freudian psychoanalytic metapsychology, shaped by the physical–mechanistic scientific model of the Helmholtz School of Medicine, and Boss's Daseinanalytic psychotherapy, formed by the human science model derived from the Heidegger's analysis of Dasein. It begins with Binswanger's initial attempt to replace the Freudian metapsychology with Heidegger's analytic of the human being as an active agent in the world. Following this path, the article shows the radical new direction Boss gives to psychotherapy by shifting the focus of therapy from the analysis of an abstract and disembodied psyche driven by forces toward an analysis of the person as a free and responsible agent engaged in the world. Although Boss maintains a high regard for Freud's great achievement, I suggest that he failed to appreciate fully the true magnitude of his new contribution and, due to his hermeneutic of generosity toward psychoanalysis, underestimated the reciprocal influence between Freud...
Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Staging Strategies for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

PURPOSE: To identify the optimal strategy for staging the mediastinum of patients with known non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stratified by tumor (T) classification. METHODS: We used a decision-analytic model to compare the health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of three staging strategies: (1) chest computed tomography alone, (2) selective mediastinoscopy, and (3) routine mediastinoscopy. The overall effectiveness and cost of each strategy was a function of the proportion of patients accurately staged and the risks, benefits, and costs of the diagnostic tests and treatments used. Probability estimates and costs were derived from primary data and the literature. We adopted a societal perspective and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) as cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. RESULTS: Both mediastinoscopy strategies correctly identified more patients with mediastinal involvement (N2/N3 disease) and assigned them to multimodal regimens. Routine mediastinoscopy maximized ...
On the history of hormonal contraception II. Otfried Otto Fellner (1873-19??) and estrogens as antifertility hormones

Abstract Otfried Otto Fellner was a pioneer in gonadal endocrinology. In 1922, he reported briefly that he had rendered animals infertile by injecting estrogenic extracts of ovaries and placenta, thus confirming Haberlandt's concept of hormonal sterilization. In 1927, similar observations were reported by Leo Loeb, who used follicular extracts. That same year Fellner published a more detailed report of his findings and proposed two hypotheses: 1. “Feminin” (Fellner's term for his estrogenic material) in large doses causes sterility by damaging the egg. 2. The effect of “Feminin” differs according to the dose given. Only when administered in very large quantities will it suppress ovulation. Both hypotheses (though mainly based on intuition) were shown to be valid when pure estrogens became available for experimental use during the 1930's. Experiments of that time demonstrated that the suppressive action of estrogens on ovulation was mediated by the pituitary. It was also found during the 1930's that estrogens in large quantities interfere with tubal and uterine egg transport and with the action of progesterone upon the endometrium. These findings both confirmed and extended Haberlandt's concept of hormonal sterilization.
Effects of androgen on fighting behavior in male and female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Abstract Contrary to the results of most other mammalian species studied thus far, castration in infancy or adulthood has been shown to increase the display of intermale aggression in gerbils tested as adults in dyadic encounters. Males castrated in adulthood were divided into two groups: one that received testosterone propionate (TP) treatment and one that did not. A third group of adult males were sham-operated. Infant subjects were either sham-operated or castrated and tested once without and once with TP. Both infant and adult castrates that received no TP treatment demonstrated significantly more fighting behavior than did sham-operates. Adult subjects treated with TP show significantly less aggression than castrates that did not receive TP. Ovariectomized females were also divided into a TP and no-TP group. Females treated with TP showed significantly less aggression than those that had no treatment showing that TP inhibits aggression in both males and females gonadectomized in adulthood. The results are assessed in terms of the importance of perinatal androgen to “organize” adult behavior patterns.
Synthetic approaches to camptothecin

Abstract 3-Pyrrolidinone ethylene ketal (VI) was converted to the ketal amidoester VIII. Mild hydrolysis gave the ketone IX which was cyclized to the hydroxypyridone X. The pentacyclic analog III of camptothecin (I) was then obtained by condensation of X with anthranilaldehyde. Alternatively, VIII could be reduced with NaBH4 to the ketal carbinol XI which through MnO2 treatment gave the aldehyde XII. The tricyclic ketone XIII derived from XII was condensed with anthranilaldehyde to afford the analog IV. In a separate synthetic sequence, the ketoester XVI was cyclized to the tricyclic base XVII which was subsequently converted to the camptothecin analog V.
Total synthesis of 4-Demethoxy-8-nordaunomycinone

Abstract The first total chemical synthesis of the novel anthracyclinone 4-demethoxy-8-nordaunomycinone is described.
A new algorithm for predicting competing endogenous rnas

Competing endogenous RNAs, or ceRNAs, are sets of RNAs including mRNAs that can regulate each other by competing for microRNAs binding. ceRNAs form another level of regulation across the transcriptome and thus expand the function of microRNAs. CeRNAs have been shown to play important roles in disease like cancer [1]. Despite the importance, there does not yet exist a systematic tool for identifying ceRNAs. In this work, we propose and develop, TraceRNA, a computational tool and an online application to assist the exploration of ceRNAs.
Cancer-Targeted Optical Imaging with Fluorescent Zinc Oxide Nanowires

Herein we demonstrate that intrinsically fluorescent zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) can be adopted for molecularly targeted imaging of cancer cells, after they are functionalized to render water solubility, biocompatibility, and low cellular toxicity. Optical imaging of integrin αvβ3 on U87MG human glioblastoma cells was achieved with RGD peptide-conjugated green fluorescent ZnO NWs, which opened up new avenues of research for investigating ZnO NW-based agents in tumor vasculature-targeted molecular imaging and drug delivery.
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC CROSS SECTIONS AT ASTROPHYSICAL AND QUANTUM COLLISIONAL TEMPERATURES

The first measurements of rotationally inelastic collision cross sections over the 1--40 K temperature range characteristic of much of the interstellar medium are reported. Measurements of the ${1}_{1,0}\ensuremath{-}{1}_{0,1}$ transition of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{S}$ in collision with He are based on a collisional cooling methodology, which allows the direct observation of collision processes at temperatures far below the limits ordinarily imposed by vapor pressure. These cross sections are also of fundamental interest because resonant formation of quasibound complexes mediates rotational energy transfer at low collision energy.
An efficient multiplier-less architecture for 2-D convolution with quadrant symmetric kernels

Design of a high-performance digital architecture for computing 2-D convolution utilizing the quadrant symmetry of the kernels is proposed in this paper. Pixels in the four quadrants of the kernel region with respect to an image pixel are considered simultaneously for computing the partial results of the convolution sum. The new architecture performs computations in the logarithmic domain by utilizing novel multiplier-less log"2 and inverse-log"2 modules. An effective data-handling strategy is developed in conjunction with the logarithmic modules to eliminate the necessity of multipliers in the architecture. The systolic architecture employs parallel and pipelined processing and is able to produce one output every clock cycle. The new design resulted in approximately 40% reduction in hardware resource when compared to the approach of multiplier-based quadrant symmetric architecture. The proposed architecture design is capable of performing convolution operations for 63.3, 1024x1024 frames or 66.4 million outputs per second with 22x22 kernel in a Xilinx's Virtex 2v2000ff896-4 FPGA at maximum clock frequency of 66.4MHz. The error analysis performed in two image-processing applications of edge detection and noise filtering shows that the hardware implementation with proposed design provides accurate results similar to the software implementation.
Current Juvenile Corrections Professional Development Practices and Future Directions.

Personnel in juvenile corrections (JC) work with students who have challenging academic, behavioral, and mental health needs. The complexity of the JC setting requires personnel to be highly skilled in effective practices to meet the demands of their job. Unfortunately, juvenile correctional personnel are neglected as an important link in the school-to-prison pipeline that can be used to redirect students away from further or repeated involvement in the court system. In this article, our purpose is to provide readers with information on the professional development (PD) needs of JC personnel. Student, teacher, and facility contextual considerations in JC are described. Then, specific JC PD knowledge, skills, and dispositions associated with student academic, behavior, and mental health needs are detailed. Finally, resources and future directions are offered.
Transmission electron microscopy investigation of dislocations in Mg and α-solid solution Mg-Li alloys

The ductility of Mg alloys is limited due to a shortage of independent slip systems. In particular, c-axis compression cannot be accommodated by any of the easy slip or twinning modes. Basal-textured samples of pure Mg and Mg-15 at. pct Li were examined for the presence of 〈c+a〉 dislocations by post-mortem transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after a small deformation, which forced the majority of grains to compress nearly parallel to their c-axes. A higher density and more uniform distribution of 〈c+a〉 dislocations is found in the Li-containing alloy. Because the 1/3〈11\(\bar 2\)3〉 {11\(\overline {22} \)} pyramidal slip mode offers five independent slip systems, it provides a satisfying explanation for the enhanced ductility of α-solid solution Mg-Li alloys as compared to pure Mg. The issue of 〈c+a〉 dislocation dissociation and decomposition remains open from an experimental point of view. Theoretically, the most feasible configuration is a collinear dissociation into two 1/2〈c+a〉 partial dislocations, with an intervening stacking fault on the glide plane. It is speculated that Li additions may lower the fault’s energy and, thereby, increase the stability of this glissile configuration.