cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some inertial range correlators in fully developed turbulence

Measurements of the correlators ${\mathit{K}}_{1}$(r)=〈\ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{u}}_{\mathit{r}}$(\ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{r}}$${)}^{2}$〉 and ${\mathit{K}}_{2}$(r)=〈\ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{u}}_{\mathit{r}}$(\ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{r}}$${)}^{2}$〉 for separations r within the inertial range are executed in a large wind tunnel and in the atmospheric surface layer at ${\mathit{R}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}(2.0--12.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$. Here u, q, and \ensuremath{\varepsilon} denote longitudinal velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation rate, respectively, and \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{\mathit{r}}$=\ensuremath{\varphi}(x)-\ensuremath{\varphi}(x+r), \ensuremath{\varphi}=u,q,\ensuremath{\varepsilon}. It is found that the correlators behave as ${\mathit{K}}_{1}$(r)=-${\mathit{c}}_{1}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{u}}$〈\ensuremath{\varepsilon}${\mathrm{〉}}^{2}$ and ${\mathit{K}}_{2}$(r)=-${\mathit{c}}_{2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{ur}}^{5}$/\ensuremath{\Lambda} where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{u}}$ is the rms value of the longitudinal velocity, and \ensuremath{\Lambda} is the external turbulence scale. The constants ${\mathit{c}}_{1}$ and ${\mathit{c}}_{2}$ are found to be independent of both ${\mathit{R}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ and the flow geometry which agrees with the Yakhot theoretical prediction [Phys. Rev. E 50, R20 (1994)].
Perturbation Results for Projecting a Point onto a Linear Manifold

Some new results will be presented on the perturbation analysis for the orthogonal projection of a point onto a linear manifold. The obtained perturbation upper bound is with respect to the distance from the perturbed solution to the unperturbed manifold.
Sex, Locus of Control, and Job Involvement: A Six-Country Investigation

Attitudinal data on industrial workers in six countries supported the hypothesis that locus of control is significantly related to job involvement, i.e., that internals are more involved in their j...
Spontaneous copolymerizations in the reactions of electronrich dienes with electrophilic olefins

The spontaneous thermal reactions of electron-rich dienes with electrophilic olefins lead to both [4+2] cycloadducts and copolymers. The mechanism proposed for the initiation of the copolymerization involves the formation of a 2-hexene-1, 6-diradical. Structure-reactivity relationships are discussed.
Superconducting properties and formation of Yb2Ba4Cu7O14−x

Abstract A method was developed for making polycrystalline Yb 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 14−x -Ag composite samples containing negligible amounts of YbBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−y . The method consisted of low temperature (≈250°C) oxidation of alloy ribbons with nominal compositions of YbBa 2 Cu 3 Ag 5 in pure flowing oxygen ( P 02 =1 atm ), followed by a rapid sample temperature increase to 900°C, a 1 min bake at 900°C, followed by rapid cooling to 875°C and a 20 h bake at 875°C. Samples quenched to ambient temperature contained mostly Yb 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 14−x and metallic silver. Samples annealed for 95 h at 415°C in oxygen had sharp transitions with T c (0)=85.1 K and T c (0.5)=87.6 K, matching the T c of Yb based 1-2-3 phase and considerably exceeding the 40 K T c reported for Y based 2-4-7 phase. Although as-formed and 615°C annealed samples had similar, high T c (0.5) values, resistance tapered to zero between 65 K and 75 K. All samples tested had 4.2 K critical current densities between 1000 A cm −2 and 2200 A cm −2 . The 415°C annealed sample had a 77 K critical critical current density of 200 A cm −2 . Microprobe and image analysis of the tested samples showed that cross-sections typically contained 65% Yb 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 14−x , 18% Ag; and 17% CuO, BaCuO 2 and Yb 2 BaCuO 5 combined.
Kidney disease in people with diabetes: the expanding epidemic.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in the US and associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Diabetes, a growing epidemic in the U.S., is identified as a leading cause of all stages of CKD and the cause of kidney failure in approximately half of all dialysis patients. With this in mind, de Boer et al examine the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in the U.S.(1).
Phosphorescence lifetime based oxygen micro-sensing using a digital micromirror device.

A digital light modulation microscope (DLMM) that utilizes a digital micromirror device (DMD) on an epifluorescence microscope has been developed to modulate excitation light in spatial and temporal domains for phosphorescence lifetime detection. Local O2 concentration can be inferred through the detected lifetime around an O2-quenching phosphorescent porphyrin microsensor. Combined with microsensor arrays, the DLMM can sequentially address light to each microsensor element to construct a discrete lifetime image or O2 distribution. In contrast to conventional phosphorescence lifetime imaging, the new method eliminates the need for a pulsed light source and a time-gated camera. To demonstrate O2 sensing with lab-on-a-chip devices, an array of 150-µm-diameter micro-wells coated with phosphorescent porphyrin were observed. The locations of the sensor elements were automatically identified though image analysis. The goal of this platform is to measure the O2 consumption of individual cells trapped in the microwells.
Intracoronary aqueous oxygen perfusion, performed 24 h after the onset of postinfarction reperfusion, experimentally reduces infarct size and improves left ventricular function.

Abstract Background Intracoronary aqueous oxygen (AO) hyperoxemic perfusion, initiated shortly (15–30 min) after the onset of postinfarction reperfusion, reduces infarct size and improves left ventricular function. Whether such therapy provides similar benefits when administered many hours after the onset of reperfusion is unknown. Accordingly, the hypothesis was tested that AO hyperbaric perfusion, performed 24 h after the onset of postinfarction reperfusion, reduces infarct size and improves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in swine. Methods Following a 1-h balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in air-ventilated juvenile domestic swine, reperfusion was allowed to proceed without adjunctive therapy overnight in all animals. The following day, half of the reanesthetized, air-ventilated swine were randomized to treatment with intracoronary AO hyperbaric perfusion for 90 min ( n =6, mean arterial perfusate P O 2 =899±78 mm Hg), while the remainder served as controls ( n =6). Results Infarct size by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride was reduced by 48% and the [area of necrosis]/[area at risk] ratio was reduced by 44% in the AO group compared to the control group ( p p p >0.05). Conclusion AO hyperbaric perfusion, delayed 24 h after the onset of postinfarction reperfusion, reduces infarct size and improves LVEF in an experimental animal model.
An igneous plagioclase thermometer

An empirical approach has been taken to develop a geothermometer based on plagioclase-magmatic liquid equilibrium. Compositions of coexisting plagioclase and liquid (glass) obtained by electron microprobe analysis of quenched samples from equilibrium melting experiments of natural granitic rocks at water pressures of 0.5 and 1.0 kilobars have been used along with data from the equilibrium experiments of Bowen (1913, 1915), Prince (1943) and Yoder et al. (1957) to calibrate this geothermometer. Applications of this geothermometer to natural occurrences demonstrate that it can provide useful information on temperature of equilibration of coexisting plagioclase and liquid in rocks ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite. The plagioclase geothermometer is in good general agreement with other geothermometers wherever these are applicable. Where temperatures are known from other sources it can be used to predict the equilibrium compositions of plagioclase in magmas as well as to provide a rough estimate of water pressure.
Absorption rate of methylxanthines following capsules, cola and chocolate.

Objective: To compare caffeine and theobromine absorption after oral administration of capsules, cola beverage and chocolate candy. Methods: Three males and four females who abstained from methylxanthines received five methylxanthine-containing treatments: caffeine in capsules (72 mg), administered twice; theobromine in capsules (370 mg); cola beverage (72 mg caffeine) and chocolate candy (72 mg caffeine and 370 mg theobromine). Plasma methylxanthine levels were assayed from samples collected before and 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 h after caffeine capsule and cola treatments and, additionally, at 4.0 and 6.0 h after theobromine capsule and chocolate treatments. Results: Caffeine plasma concentrations increased rapidly and peaked at approximately 30 min following both capsule treatments 1 (Cmax: 1.93 μg ⋅ ml−1); and 2 (Cmax: 2.05 μg ⋅ ml−1). Relative to capsules, caffeine absorption from cola and chocolate was delayed and produced lower maximum caffeine plasma concentrations which peaked 1.5–2.0 h after treatment (For cola, Cmax: 1.57 μg ⋅ ml−1); and for chocolate, Cmax: 1.50 μg ⋅ ml−1. Theobromine plasma concentrations peaked approximately 3 h after capsule administration (Cmax: 6.72 μg ⋅ ml−1). Relative to capsules, theobromine absorption from chocolate was more rapid and produced higher maximum theobromine plasma concentrations which peaked approximately 2 h after treatment (Cmax: 8.05 μg ⋅ ml−1). Conclusions: The results suggest that a usual dietary portion of the cola or chocolate used in this study would produce behaviorally discriminable plasma levels of caffeine in most subjects and of theobromine in at least one subject.
A Home Is Not a School: The Effects of Child Care on Children's Development

Assessments of 150 2–4-year-olds in six different child care arrangements revealed that the social and intellectual development of children in centers (part time or full time) was advanced over that of the children in home care (with mother, sitter, or day care home provider). Previous research was reviewed to account for this finding. It was concluded that the most likely causes of the difference in children's development were educational lessons, opportunities to practice skills and follow rules with a variety of peers and nonparental adults, and encouragement of independence by nonauthoritarian teachers—experiences that are qualitatively different from the experiences most children have in home care environments.
A THERMOVISCOELASTIC ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PLATES OF THERMORHEOLOGICALLY SIMPLE MATERIAL

The response of a circular viscoelastic plate to a transient temperature field varying along the radius and through the thickness is investigated. The plate, initially stress free at an elevated temperature, is suddenly placed in an environment with Newtonian cooling on all surfaces. The transient and residual stresses and displacements are analyzed. The material is assumed linear and thermorheologically simple, with the relaxation response approximated by Dirichlet series; inertia and thermomechanical-coupling effects are neglected. This leads to an efficient solution algorithm that eliminates the history storage requirements. The resulting coupled integrodifferential equations are solved at each time step by a superposition method. Numerical results for float glass, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyisobutylene are given.
Experimental Design for a Psychophysiological Driving Simulator Study

This research effort describes a methodology to investigate the effects of personality and emotion on driver behavior. The methodology detailed in this paper has four main components: development of psychological personality surveys, development of psychological emotion surveys, physiological data collection, and development of simulator scenarios. There were three simulator scenarios used in this study: a base scenario, an anxiety scenario, and an anger scenario. The base scenario allowed the participants to interact without any pressure being applied to them. The anxiety scenario applied pressure to the participants through a time limit and police vehicles patrolling the roadway. The anger scenario applied pressure to the participants through aggressive actions by the surrounding traffic. The results show that there can be drastic differences in driver behavior in different emotional states. The tendencies are that drivers become more aggressive and show smaller headways when they are angered. The results also show that drivers have different emotional responses to the same stimuli.
A single testosterone pulse rapidly reduces urinary marking behaviour in subordinate, but not dominant, white-footed mice

Androgenic hormones can rapidly influence how animals behave, although the dynamics of these effects remain elusive. In particular, we know little about whether androgens rapidly impact behavioural strategizing or whether such effects vary among individuals of the same species. Here, we examine these issues by testing how transient testosterone (T) surges, which normally occur in response to social stimuli, rapidly alter the urinary marking behaviour of socially subordinate and dominant male white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus. Marking behaviour in mice is important in reproductive competition and advertisement; thus, how an individual marks its environment with urine likely reflects the strategy it uses to find a mate. Moreover, urine-marking patterns are indicative of social status and territorial propensity. Our results show that a single T pulse, within minutes, suppresses all measures of urinary marking behaviour in subordinate mice, including amounts of perimeter (territorial) marking and total (status-related) marking. These effects are not observed in dominant mice. The data collectively suggest that androgens rapidly change behaviour tightly associated with reproductive strategy and decision making. Moreover, these effects depend on an individual's social status, which suggests that there is intraspecific variation in the way that androgens affect marking behaviour on short timescales. This study fills a gap in our understanding about the plasticity of rapid androgenic effects on behaviour, and how these responses can influence adaptive reproductive tactics.
A systolic architecture for fast dense matrix inversion

An array that inverts an n*n dense matrix in 5n-1 time units, including I/O time, is presented. The inversion algorithm consists of three phases and assumes that Gaussian elimination without pivoting can be applied. The array, which consists of 2n/sup 2/-n simple processing elements, implements and overlaps the execution of all three phases without any need for intermediate I/O or reconfiguration. An efficient data-steering technique which is well suited for feedback recurrences is utilized. >
Determination of the ratio of diffusion charging-based surface area to geometric surface area for spherical particles in the size range of 100–900 nm

Abstract Diffusion charging-based surface area for spherical particles was measured and compared with geometric surface area in the submicrometer size ranging from 100 to 900 nm. Spherical aerosol particles (polystyrene latex particles (PSL) and droplets of diethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS)) were generated by electrosprays for 100–600 nm particles and by a condensation generator for 700–900 nm particles. Two commercially available diffusion chargers (DCs) (DC2000CE, Ecochem, USA; LQ1-DC, Matter Engineering, Switzerland) were challenged with monodisperse uncharged spherical aerosols. Results showed that the surface areas measured by the two DCs were proportional to mobility diameter to power 1.22 and 1.38, respectively, in the size range from 100 to 900 nm. Comparison of the DC-based surface area with theoretical active surface area resulted in reasonable agreement within ±30%, indicating that the DCs underestimate geometric surface area of particles. The deviation of the DC-based surface area from the geometric surface area was quantitatively measured and was found to be up to 94% in the size range studied. Three types of aerosol particles were used to validate the correction of the DC deviation from the geometric surface area for particles larger than 100 nm based on the fit obtained for spherical particles in this study: spherical silver particles, carbon nanofibers, and titanium dioxide agglomerates. Comparison of the corrected DC-based surface area to Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)-measured surface area indicated that the DC surface area reasonably agrees with the BET value for the particles tested except carbon nanofibers with 300 nm modal diameter.
Ultraviolet Surveillance Of Boosters And Post-Boost Vehicles

A priority in the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) is development of a space-based system to detect, identify, and track ICBMs. We show that ultraviolet surveillance provides advantages unavailable in any other wavelength band. During boost phase it should be possible to identify vehicles by their UV emissions and to track the hard body by detection of the vacuum core. After burn out, UV emission from shocked gas at the vehicle tip may be detectable. This is particularly important for surveillance of "fast burn" boosters, which burn out at a low altitude and hence are virtually invisible to infrared sensors by the time they reach an altitude where the atmosphere is transparent to IR radiation. We discuss the feasibility of tracking conventional and fast-burn vehicles via UV surveillance from space. Estimates of the UV brightness of typical targets are provided. We also consider the ambient day and night time background and evaluate the signal to noise ratio achievable under various viewing scenarios. We discuss instrumentation which should be capable of detecting and tracking such targets from geosynchronous orbit. An added advantage of UV surveillance is the availability of sensitive, rugged UV detectors which are under development by both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
GPU-Based Simulations to Analyze the Effect of Heat Source in Mixed Convection

Thermo-fluids applications are studied, both experimentally and numerically, due to its applications in various engineering and scientific problems. With the growing computer technology, numerical simulations are often employed to analyze thermofluid phenomenon. In this paper, we study the effect of heat source and sink in mixed convection in a lid-driven square cavity. Many applications require efficient computation of flow and temperature field data for cooling and other control purposes. We develop an explicit numerical methodology, both on CPU and GPU platforms, to solve the governing equations. The numerical scheme is implemented sequentially on a CPU and in parallel on a GPU using CUDA programming language. We vary the size and locations of the heated wall, along with the inclination of cavity, to study its effect on convection. In terms of parallel performance, GPU provides speed-up ranging from 3 to 13 depending on the problem configuration.© 2012 ASME
What Can We Learn about Seed Dispersal from Seed Trap Experiments at Fruiting Trees? Efficiency of Dispersal Traits

A new index that measures efficiency of dispersal traits is proposed to replace the “removal rate.” Escape from the mother plant is essential for survival of seeds. The percentage of escaped seed is therefore a good indicator of the efficiency of dispersal. However, seed trap experiments measure only an apparent rate of escaped seed (AES), because of contamination by seeds from other conspecific trees. If we assume that as many seeds of the experimental tree are carried to conspecific trees as travel in the reverse direction, AES is a good estimate of seeds escaped from both the mother and conspecific fruiting trees. This may be called the rate of effective escaped seeds (EES), because the seeds carried to conspecific trees have no more meaning for survival than those defecated beneath the mother tree. As an example, two fruiting traits, synchronous ripening and extended ripening, were compared for their efficiencies in terms of AES(? EES) at an urban botanical garden for two seasons. In the extended ripening species, about 80 percent of seeds were successfully dispersed away from the parent plant or conspecific plants for both seasons, but the percentages fluctuated, between 60 and 86, in the synchronous one.
Optimizing parameters in clinical trials with a randomized start or withdrawal design

Disease-modifying (DM) trials on chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) require a randomized start or withdrawal design. The analysis and optimization of such trials remain poorly understood, even for the simplest scenario in which only three repeated efficacy assessments are planned for each subject: one at the baseline, one at the end of the trial, and the other at the time when the treatments are switched. Under the assumption that the repeated measures across subjects follow a trivariate distribution whose mean and covariance matrix exist, the DM efficacy hypothesis is formulated by comparing the change of efficacy outcome between treatment arms with and without a treatment switch. Using a minimax criterion, a methodology is developed to optimally determine the sample size allocations to individual treatment arms as well as the optimum time when treatments are switched. The sensitivity of the optimum designs with respect to various model parameters is further assessed. An intersection-union test (IUT) is proposed to test the DM hypothesis, and determine the asymptotic size and the power of the IUT. Finally, the proposed methodology is demonstrated by using reported statistics on the placebo arms from several recently published symptomatic trials on AD to estimate necessary parameters and then deriving the optimum sample sizes and the time of treatment switch for future DM trials on AD.
Geometrical Frustration, and Relevance for High Field Studies

Geometrical Frustration arises when the symmetry of a magnetic interaction is incompatible with the spatial symmetry of the crystalline lattice. Magnetic field can break this symmetry condition and we will illustrate different classes of behavior on the pyrochlore lattice – spin ice for Ising spins and spatial symmetry projection for Heisenberg spins.
Toward rapprochement in child care research: An optimistic view

The authors describe the different world views and activity styles of the researcher and the child care practitioner. They propose a simple balance model which highlights potential problem areas and provides the supports for a mutually satisfying relationship for researchers and practitioners.
Development and process evaluation of a primary care internet-based intervention to prevent depression in emerging adults.

Background: Primary care is a potential setting for implementation of depression prevention interventions using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). The purpose of this study was to develop and conduct a process evaluation of a primary care/ Internet-based intervention that addresses key dissemination barriers in a community setting. Method: We used an interdisciplinary team of investigators in a multistep intervention development process among a sample of primary care patients (aged 18 to 24 years). The intervention included an initial primary care motivational interview to engage the participant, 11 Internet-based modules based on CBT (to counter pessimistic thinking) and IPT (to activate social networks and strengthen relationship skills), and a follow-up motivational interview in primary care to enhance behavior change. Each component of the intervention was rated with regard to dissemination barriers of (1) fidelity, (2) motivation, (3) dose, (4) perceived helpfulness (rated on a Likert scale), and (5) potential costs. The study was conducted from April through June of 2004. Results: Fidelity checklist and serial reviews were satisfactory (100% core concepts translated into intervention). Key motivations for participation included (1) risk reduction, (2) intervention effectiveness, (3) “resiliency,” and (4) altruism. In terms of dose, 13 of 14 participants engaged the Internet-based components, completing a mean of 7.2 modules (SD = 3.9). The 2 primary care interviews and the self-assessment and resiliency modules received the highest helpfulness ratings. The duration of the 2 motivational interviews was approximately 17–18 minutes, which is similar to a typical primary care visit. Conclusions: By using multidisciplinary teams and incorporating the opinions of potential users, complex preventive mental health interventions can be translated into primary care settings with adequate fidelity, motivation, dose, and perceived helpfulness, and at a reasonably low cost.
DSM‐5 and Bereavement: The Loss of Normal Grief?

The mood disorder work group has proposed to eliminate the bereavement exclusion criterion from the diagnosis of major depression in the 5th edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (2012)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The proposal would break tradition with the long-held distinction between depression and normal bereavement. This article reviews the development of the bereavement exclusion, discusses evidence for and against the proposal, and offers some relevant implications for counselors in light of the research on depression and bereavement.
Minimal-total-processing time drum and disk scheduling disciplines

This article investigates the application of minimal-total-processing-time (MTPT) scheduling disciplines to rotating storage units when random arrival of requests is allowed. Fixed-head drum and moving-head disk storage units are considered, and emphasis is placed on the relative merits of the MTPT scheduling discipline with respect to the shortest-latency-time-first (SLTF) scheduling discipline. The results of the simulation studies presented show that neither scheduling discipline is unconditionally superior to the other. For most fixed-head drum applications, the SLTF discipline is preferable to MTPT, but for intra-cylinder disk scheduling the MTPT discipline offers a distinct advantage over the SLTF discipline. The computational requirements of an algorithm that implements the MTPT scheduling discipline are shown to be comparable to SLTF algorithms. In both cases, the sorting procedure is the most time-consuming phase of the algorithm.
From polyploidy to aneuploidy, genome instability and cancer

Polyploidy is a frequent phenomenon in the eukaryotic world, but the biological properties of polyploid cells are not well understood. During evolution, polyploidy is thought to be an important mechanism that contributes to speciation. Polyploid, usually non-dividing, cells are formed during development in otherwise diploid organisms. A growing amount of evidence indicates that polyploid cells also arise during a variety of pathological conditions. Genetic instability in these cells might provide a route to aneuploidy and thereby contribute to the development of cancer.
Making connections: Today's early childhood educators discover their heritage

Abstract Making Theory and Development of Early Childhood Education come alive for elementary master's degree students in two learning sites offers opportunities and challenges. In constructing the class, a primary goal was to expose the students to the context under which early childhood educators developed programs and theories. Also, students were challenged to uncover the relationship that the education of young children had with social change and emerging human rights. Utilizing distance learning, contemporary books such as Who Moved My Cheese (Johnson, 1998) and a field trip to the National Civil Rights Museum and the Rock'n Soul Museum, students developed a sense of the place early childhood education had and continues to have in social change and the advancement of civil rights in this country.
Madness and the Night of the Poetic Community: The Just Desert of Malika Mokeddem's Century of Locusts

In the preface to a slender volume entitled La communaute affrontee, philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy writes: “The present state of the world is not a war of civilizations. It is a civil war: it is the internecine war of a city, of a civility, of a citizenry [citadinite] that are being deployed up until the limits of this world, and because of this, up until the extremity of their own concepts” (11). Globalization, or the limitless expansion of the West driven by totalizing notions such as “History, Science, Capital, Man and/or their Nothingness” reaches a point where such concepts must of necessity break apart, where “a distended figure bursts, [and] a chasm appears” (13, 1). This chasm signals a rent in the supposedly unified essence of a community, a tear within the fullness of an immanence completely present to itself. The gap is the sign of a community confronted with itself [“la communaute . . . affrontee a elle-meme” (17)], or rather, exposed to itself at its limit, facing the outside with which it is joined edge to edge. In an earlier essay entitled La communaute desoeuvree (first published in 1983 and translated as The Inoperative Community), Nancy notes that it is at this point of withdrawal or retreat from the infinite plenitude of communal fusion, from within the divide of this separation (le partage in French is both a division and a sharing) that a thinking of community, of a being-with or a being-in-common can take place. A being-in-common is a being-together of singularities that cannot be welded together into the unicity of a single being of togetherness. Nancy describes the experience of community as the “clear consciousness of the communal night – this consciousness at the extremity of consciousness” (19). Community takes place in an exposure to the outside of a self, in a consciousness of the difference of immanence from itself. Three years after the initial publication of La communaute desoeuvree, and the same year that Nancy’s essay appears alongside two other reflective pieces on community in book form, the Indian postcolonial critic Partha Chatterjee cautions against the boundless reach of Enlightenment Reason, which coopts the political legitimacy of anticolonial and postcolonial struggles in Asia and Africa by viewing them as dark, atavistic,
Hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with sickle cell anemia.

In order to evaluate potential electrocardiographic (ECG) correlates of ST-segment depression during exercise in patients with sickle cell anemia (SS), 43 subjects, aged 5–23 years, underwent submaximal exericse testing. Eight (19%) had ST-segment depression on the exercise ECG during submaximal exercise. These eight patients had significantly lower hemoglobin levels than the 35 subjects without evidence of ST-segment depression. These eight subjects also had significantly higher peak blood pressures and peak heart rates than the 35 subjects without ST-segment depression. The product of peak heart rate and peak systolic blood pressure, the maximal double product, is a correlate of myocardial oxygen consumption and was significantly higher in the patients with ST-segment depression than in the patients without ST-segment depression. These results indicate that patients with SS and evidence of exercise-induced ST-segment depression may have decreased myocardial oxygen supply due to low hemoglobin levels and increased myocardial oxygen demand (elevated double products) when compared to subjects with SS who do not have exercise-induced ST-segment depression.
A FORMALIZATION OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE.

The formalization of the basic elements of ideological systems has been hampered by a plethora of conflicting definitions. By the logical indexing of basic variables in the scientific study of ideas of a cluster type (ideology, propaganda, utopia, etc.), certain definite lines of inquiry into the psychology and sociology of mass communications and public opinion can be more readily undertaken. In this article, pattern-variables are fused to idealtypologies in the comparison of ideological and utopian formations.
Strain distribution in an elastic substrate vibrated in a bioreactor for vocal fold tissue engineering

A bioreactor previously described was used to quantify the shear strain along a bioengineered tissue scaffold driven at low audio frequencies (20-200 Hz). Standing wave patterns were calculated analytically by solving a classical boundary value problem for a vibrating string under tension and bending stiffness. Boundary conditions were non-traditional in that small pivot arms at the endpoints allowed neither the displacement nor the velocity to go to zero. The calculations were corroborated with stroboscopic measurement of the motion of the material in the bioreactor. Results indicate that shear strains up to 0.2 can be obtained at low frequencies (20 Hz), with a gradual decrease at higher frequencies due to the decaying amplitude response of the mechanical driver. The bioreactor may be useful for approximating the Young's modulus of the material in situ by probing for resonance frequencies in the standing wave pattern. A yet unsolved problem is a variable drag coefficient along the length of the material due to fluid turbulence in the culture medium.
Dissecting the Causal Genetic Mechanisms of Coronary Heart Disease

Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 46 loci that are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Additionally, 104 independent candidate variants (false discovery rate of 5 %) have been identified (Schunkert H, Konig IR, Kathiresan S, Reilly MP, Assimes TL, Holm H et al. Nat Genet 43:333-8, 2011; Deloukas P, Kanoni S, Willenborg C, Farrall M, Assimes TL, Thompson JR et al. Nat Genet 45:25-33, 2012; C4D Genetics Consortium. Nat Genet 43:339-44, 2011). The majority of the causal genes in these loci function independently of conventional risk factors. It is postulated that a number of the CHD-associated genes regulate basic processes in the vascular cells involved in atherosclerosis, and that study of the signaling pathways that are modulated in this cell type by causal regulatory variation will provide critical new insights for targeting the initiation and progression of disease. In this review, we will discuss the types of experimental approaches and data that are critical to understanding the molecular processes that underlie the disease risk at 9p21.3, TCF21, SORT1, and other CHD-associated loci.
Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, p60 src , expressed in E. coli , functions as a protein kinase

The product of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) transforming gene, src, is a phosphoprotein of molecular weight (Mr) 60,000 (pp60src)1–3 that is responsible for cell transformation as well as fibrosarcoma formation in a variety of animals4,5. Several experiments suggest that pp60src is a protein kinase6–10 with the unusual capacity of phosphorylating tyrosine residues11,12, but additional evidence would be of value. Earlier studies had suggested that bacteria were unable to carry out protein phosphorylation13, although more recent findings indicate that distinct protein kinases and phosphatases are present in Salmonella typhimurium14. Despite this observation, because of the evolutionary distance, the enzymatic activities observed in bacteria are likely to be carried out by proteins unrelated to those expressed in eukaryotic cells. Thus, to study the RSV transforming protein synthesized in the absence of the variety of protein kinases expressed in normal host cells (for reviews see refs 15, 16), we have now constructed plasmids that express p60src in Escherichia coli. Analysis of p60src produced in E. coli and selected by immunoaffinity chromatography, shows that it has the capacity to phosphorylate proteins at tyrosine residues; this activity is specifically inhibited by anti-p60src IgG. Extracts from E. coli carrying identical plasmids but lacking the src gene yield no detectable enzyme activity. These data, taken with those previously published9,10,17, lead to the conclusion that the RSV src gene encodes a protein kinase.
Fentanyl-induced muscle rigidity as affected by pretreatment with amantadine hydrochloride.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine whether the degree of muscle rigidity in humans caused by the administration of high-dose fentanyl is affected by pretreatment with amantadine hydrochloride, a drug that stimulates the release of dopamine in the basal ganglia. Design: Randomized, observer-blinded comparison of regimes. Setting: Inpatient surgery at a university-affiliated teaching hospital. Patients: Sixteen patients scheduled for elective surgery in whom the administration of high-dose fentanyl was felt to be appropriate. Interventions: Eight patients in the control group were given diazepam 5 mg orally 1 hour prior to induction of anesthesia. Eight patients in an experimental group were given the same dose of diazepam and also were treated with amantadine 1 g orally in divided doses over a period of 25 hours prior to their scheduled surgery. At the time of surgery, all patients were given fentanyl 50 μg/kg intravenously at a rate of 1 mgt min and were clinically evaluated for the degree of muscle rigidity of the chest wall, abdomen, and extremities. Measurements and Main Results: A single observer, blinded to the technique, evaluated and recorded the degree of muscle rigidity present in the chest wall, abdomen, and upper extremities immediately after administration of the fentanyl and 3 minutes later. The observer was the same individual in all instances. In no case did the muscle rigidity compromise our ability to adequately oxygenate the patient. Conclusions: Muscle rigidity associated with the administration of high-dose fentanyl is not attenuated by prior administration of amantadine in the dose range studied.
Integration Of Photodetectors And Optical Guided Wave Structures Formed On Silicon Substrates

Various configurations of integrated photodetectors and optical guided wave structures will be discussed. Channel waveguide arrays integrated with charge-coupled devices (CCDs) formed on silicon have been used to perform transversal filtering, log detection, high quantum efficiency detection of X = .82μm, and high resolution imaging without requiring small detector array spacings. The latter is accomplished through use of a fan-out channel waveguide array. We shall also describe how computer simulation is utilized to predict crosstalk in linear imaging arrays. The simulation is based on analysis which includes the effects of focusing of the input light, the use of Kettler's equations to describe propagation in a lossy medium, and a solution of the generalized diffusion equation for excited carriers. Crosstalk for a conventional linear image array and one employing a fan-out channel waveguide array is evaluated and compared.
Values on the boundary of tubes

Distributional and LP boundary value results are announced for holomorphic functions in tubes which generalize the HP functions. The boundary values are obtained on both the distinguished and topological boundaries of the tubes.
Pneumothorax as a complication of combination antiangiogenic therapy in children and young adults with refractory/recurrent solid tumors

Purpose Antiangiogenic agents show significant antitumor activity against various tumor types. In a study evaluating the combination of sorafenib, bevacizumab, and low-dose cyclophosphamide in children with solid tumors, an unexpectedly high incidence of pneumothorax was observed. We evaluated patient characteristics and risk factors for the development of pneumothorax in patients receiving this therapy.
Technology for Nuclear Reprocessing: Present and Future Directions

Abstract A variety of factors have served to bring nuclear technology to international attention as a viable option to meet a major fraction of the energy needs of the future. This has also brought the US policy since 1977 of a once‐through nuclear cycle into question. Such a process uses only about 5% of the energy content of the nuclear fuel. Although recycling the unburnt nuclear fuel seems reasonable from a technology point of view, proliferation risks led to cessation of the technology, as conventional reprocessing can be used to make weapons grade plutonium. The economic viability of recycling is also questionable, since uranium ore prices make the once‐through nuclear fuel cycle cost effective. In addition to the standard reprocessing cycle used in many countries, there are efforts to introduce advanced fuel cycle technologies that deal with some of the issues associated with the older technology. This presentation discusses the concerns with present reprocessing technologies and with the planned r...
HOUSING FOR LOW INCOME PEOPLE: A PRELIMINARy COMPARISON OF EXISTING AND POTENTIAL SUPPLy STRATEGIES1

Although there is a general agreement among housing analysts that affordability has gotten worse and that overall quality has gotten better, there is some debate on whether the supply of low cost h...
Gender Differences in the Risk of Occupational Low Back Disorders

The purpose of this study was to examine an existing database of a large group of industrial workers in order to ascertain any gender differences in workplace and trunk kinematics factors, as well as in the risk of low back disorders (LBDs). We found that there is somewhat of a trade-off between the moment created by the object (and its weight) and the lift rate. Females tended to carry lighter-weight objects than their male counterparts; however, in general, they handled more objects per hour. Females also tended to have more maximum sagittal flexion, which also offset the effect of lower moment. However, the overall LBD risk was not significantly different between males and females. This gender-based interactive relationship among risk factors may have important implications on intervention strategies and exposure assessment methods in future epidemiological studies.
Retention of men and women engineering students

After 1.5 years of college, men and women engineering students in a population of 42 schools had different retention rates in engineering at their original schools. Based on a sample of students at 16 schools, the estimated population retention rates were 73.3% for men and 67.8% for women. This report discusses student characteristics that were related to retention for men or women, as well as the destinations of students who left engineering at their original schools.
Role of exercise training on cardiovascular disease in persons who have type 2 diabetes and hypertension

Exercise training is an essential component in the medical management of patients who have type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Regular exercise improves the cardiovascular health of individuals who have these conditions through multiple mechanisms (Fig. 1). These mechanisms include improvements in endothelial vasodilator function,left ventricular diastolic function, arterial stiffness.systematic inflammation, and reducing left ventricular mass. Exercise training also reduces total and abdominal fat, which mediate improvements in insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, and possibly, endothelial function. Persons who are in a prediabetic stage or those who have the metabolic syndrome may be able to prevent or delay the progression to overt diabetes by adopting a healthier lifestyle, of which increasing habitual levels of physical activity isa vital component. Most persons who have diabetes and hypertension or are at risk for these conditions should be able to initiate an exercise program safely after appropriate medical screen-ing and the establishment of an individualized exercise prescription. Despite the increasing amount of evidence that shows the benefits of exercise training, this modality of prevention and treatment continues to be underused. Although patients' lack of knowledge of the benefits of exercise or lack of motivation contributes to this underuse, a lack of clear and specific guidelines from health care professionals also is an important factor. Clinicians need to educate patients about the benefits of exercise for managing their type 2 diabetes and assist in formulating specific advice for increasing physical activity. Specific instructions should be given to patients, rather than general advice, such as "you should exercise more often." Many cardiac re-habilitation and clinical exercise programs can accommodate patients who have type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Such programs can establish individualized exercise prescriptions and provide an environment that is conducive for "lifestyle change" that underlies long-term compliance to exercise and risk factor modification.
The Biopolitics of Privilege Negotiating Class, Masculinity, and Relationships

In this autoethnography, I negotiate my middle-class Whiteness in attempting to come to terms with my own (mis)understanding of, and role in, familial, socio-economic, and cultural hegemony. Through a series of vignettes, I seek to question my relationship with my father’s shadow—a relationship founded upon an invented “daddy” co-created by a collection of coaches, friends, cousins, teachers, researchers, my father, his father, and the present-day media. Specifically, I reflexively evaluate my privilege as a middle-class White male struggling to deal with the expectations of those around me, especially in childhood. By connecting stories of my Thanksgivings as child, undergraduate student, outsider, and married man, I provide a critical perspective into and interrogation of my at-times messy maturation into a particular gendered and classed subject position.
Fixed or fluid?: document stability and new media

One of the crucial properties of documents through the ages has been their fixity. The ability to mark surfaces in relatively stable ways has made it possible for people distributed across space and time to see the same images and thereby to have access to the same meanings or communicative intent. Today, however, with the increasing use of digital technologies, it is often asserted that we are moving from the fixed world of paper documents to the fluid world of digital documents. In this paper I challenge this assertion, arguing instead that all documents, regardless of medium, are fixed and fluid. Thus, although paper documents do fix aspects of communication, they do (and must) also change; and although digital documents are easily changeable, they must also be capable of remaining fixed. I make use of this analysis in two ways: first, to examine the fixity and fluidity of hypertext; and second, to critique Bolter's argument in Writing Space concerning the movement from “fixed to fluid.”
Terrestrial microfossils in Antarctic ordinary chondrites

— Microfossils have been separated and identified in four high metamorphic grade chondrites from Allan Hills and Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica. Diatoms and opal phytoliths representing both marine and terrestrial flora were recognized among the dust removed from cracks in all meteorites studied. It is likely that contamination of Antarctic meteorites with such biogenic material is ubiquitous. Standard clean room procedures to avoid laboratory introduction of microfossils into the meteorites were followed, and the genera and species identified so far are characteristic of marine, freshwater, and continental environments. The most probable mechanism for introduction of the microfossils into the meteorites is eolian transport to and on the polar ice cap. It is likely that wind-driven systems may sample atmospherically transported material from large portions of the southern hemisphere. Entrainment of terrestrial microfossils is probably a typical interaction of meteorites with the Antarctic environment and must be recognized and accounted for in any attempt to use Antarctic meteorites as sources of extraterrestrial life forms. Organic molecules derived from microfossils are likely to be pervasive throughout any crack network present in a meteorite at all scales from millimeter to submicron. Cracks are a ubiquitous consequence of weathering in and on the Antarctic ice and the probability that crack surfaces contain terrestrial organic materials is high.