cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diversity and the environmental drivers of spatial variation in Bacteria and micro- Eukarya communities from the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem

Little is currently known regarding microbial community structure, and the environmental factors influencing it, within the anchialine ecosystem, defined as near-shore, land-locked water bodies with subsurface connections to the ocean and groundwater aquifer. The Hawaiian Archipelago is home to numerous anchialine habitats, with some on the islands of Maui and Hawaii harboring unique, laminated orange cyanobacterial–bacterial crusts that independently assembled in relatively young basalt fields. Here, benthic and water column bacterial and micro-eukaryotic communities from nine anchialine habitats on Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii were surveyed using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the V6 (Bacteria-specific) and V9 (Eukarya-biased) hypervariable regions of the 16S- and 18S-rDNA genes, respectively. While benthic communities from habitats with cyanobacterial–bacterial crusts were more similar to each other than to ones lacking it on the same island, each habitat had distinct benthic and water column microbial communities. Analyses of the survey data in the context of environmental factors identified salinity, site, aquifer, and watershed as having the highest explanatory power for the observed variation in microbial diversity and community structure, with lesser drivers being annual rainfall, longitude, ammonium, and dissolved organic carbon. Our results epitomize the abiotic and biotic uniqueness characteristic of individual habitats comprising the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem.
Characterization of Strain Due to Nitrogen Doping Concentration Variations in Heavy Doped 4H-SiC

Highly doped 4H-SiC will show a significant lattice parameter difference with respect to the undoped material. We have applied the recently developed monochromatic contour mapping technique for 4H-SiC crystals to a 4H-SiC wafer crystal characterized by nitrogen doping concentration variation across the whole sample surface using a synchrotron monochromatic x-ray beam. Strain maps of 0008 and − 2203 planes were derived by deconvoluting the lattice parameter variations from the lattice tilt. Analysis reveals markedly different strain values within and out of the basal plane indicating the strain induced by nitrogen doping is anisotropic in the 4H-SiC hexagonal crystal structure. The highest strain calculated along growth direction [0001] and along [1-100] on the closed packed basal plane is up to − 4 × 10−4 and − 2.7 × 10−3, respectively. Using an anisotropic elasticity model by separating the whole bulk crystal into numerous identical rectangular prism units, the measured strain was related to the doping concentration and the calculated highest nitrogen level inside wafer crystal was determined to be 1.5 × 1020 cm−3. This is in agreement with observation of double Shockley stacking faults in the highly doped region that are predicted to nucleate at nitrogen levels above 2 × 1019 cm−3.
Update on the dependable multiprocessor (DM7) ISS flight experiment

The NREP (NanoRacks External Platform), host for the DM-related flight experiments, was deployed on the ISS in 2016. The DM7 ISS flight experiment was launched to the ISS in December 2016 as part of the NREP Mission 2 sortie. The NREP Mission 1/Mission 2 switch-over took place in late April 2017, at which time the DM7 flight experiment was deployed and activated shortly thereafter. During the initial on-orbit checkout, all three DM7 experiment missions were successfully demonstrated. Per the NREP mission schedule, DM7 flight experiment is scheduled to last 6 months. The paper provides an overview of DM technology, an overview of the DM7 ISS flight experiment, focusing on the integration and operation of the DM ISS flight experiment within the space/ground infrastructure for NREP-hosted experiments, a summary of on-orbit experiment results, and lessons learned.1, 2, 3
Ultrasonic Measurements of Porosity in Woven Graphite Polyimide Composites

A method for evaluating the porosity volume content in composite laminates using the slope of the ultrasonic attenuation with respect to frequency has been reported before in these proceedings1,2. The method was first applied to laminates laid up from unidirectional prepreg tapes and has now been extended to the case of woven composite laminates. It was found that a linear relationship still holds between the porosity volume fraction and the attenuation slope; however, the constant of proportionality is quite different for the case of woven laminates. This difference is attributed to the differences in pore morphology in the woven and nonwoven laminates. Qualitatively, the voids are flatter and longer (needle-like or strip-crack-like) in the interlaminar region of nonwoven laminates of unidirectional prepregs and are very effective in blocking the sound energy. On the other hand, voids tend to be localized in the resin-rich pockets of woven laminates and remain spherical, as shown in Fig. 1. The attenuation and the slope of the attenuation are therefore lower (by about a factor of 2) in the woven composite for the same amount of porosity content. Quantitatively, the “void content-attenuation slope” relationship is modeled for both woven and nonwoven laminates in terms of the scattering amplitude of P-waves from voids of different shapes.
Perceptions of Teacher Burnout in Catholic Schools

This study examines the perceptions of burnout of educators currently employed in Catholic elementary and secondary schools. Data were collected from teachers, counselors, and administrators regarding their perceptions of the auses, symptoms, and prevention of burnout. Results of the study suggest that burnout is largely a symptom of workplace issues that can be identified and corrected. The long-term and destructive effects of teacher burnout warrant the time and financial support needed to improve working conditions for teachers in Catholic schools.
Effects of Automation Reliability and Trust on System Monitoring Performance in Simulated Flight Tasks

The current study was designed to empirically examine the effects of trust and automation reliability on multi-tasking performance in a simulated cockpit setting using the Multi-Attribute Task Batt...
Reentry interventions that address substance use: A systematic review

Justice-involved individuals with substance use problems have heightened risk of relapse and recidivism after release from incarceration, making reentry a critical time to provide evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for substance use; however, the extent to which reentry interventions incorporate EBTs for substance use is unclear. This systematic review identified studies of reentry interventions in the past 10 years that address substance use, assessed whether EBTs were used, and explored which interventions were effective in reducing substance use and recidivism postrelease. Eligible studies included interventions that began during incarceration and continued postrelease or began within 3 months of release and addressed substance use in some capacity. One hundred twelve full text articles were reviewed and 38 met inclusion criteria, representing 34 unique interventions. Of the 34 interventions, 21 provided substance use treatment whereas 13 facilitated connections to treatment. Of the 21 interventions providing treatment, the primary modalities were cognitive-behavioral therapy (n = 6), motivational interviewing (n = 2), medication assisted treatment (n = 2), therapeutic community (n = 2), psychoeducation or 12-step (n = 5), and four did not specify the modality. Of the 31 studies that assessed recidivism outcomes, 18 found reduced recidivism for the treatment group on at least one indicator (e.g., rearrest, reincarceration). Of the 13 studies that assessed substance use outcomes, 7 found reduced substance use for the treatment group on at least one indicator. Results were not consistent for any particular treatment approach or modality and highlight the need for consistent integration of EBTs for substance use into reentry interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Data-Driven Approaches for Estimating Travel Time Reliability

Abstract Due to the extensive availability of various traffic sensors on roadways, traffic data collection has become easier and cheaper. Travel time reliability (TTR), which benefits from data availability, has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and is often listed as one of the major roadway performance and service quality measures for both traffic engineers and travelers. Measuring TTR is the first step toward improving TTR, ensuring on-time arrivals and reducing travel costs. Four basic components are usually considered to measure TTR, including travel time estimation/collection, quantity of travel time selection, probability distribution selection, and TTR index selection. This chapter empirically proves the concept that “the same data tells you the same story” and TTR measures are insensitive to the probability distribution selection. This chapter also covers an additional component beyond the basic components, which is the estimation of the accuracy of TTR measures. The bootstrap technique, which is a data-driven technique and is based on resampling with replacement, plays an important role in estimating the accuracy. The accuracy estimations provide more general pictures for estimated TTR rather than a single TTR value. In addition, the concept of segment-based TTR on roadways is extended to origin-destination (OD)-based TTR over roadway networks. The characters of OD-based TTR are briefly discussed in this chapter. This chapter summarizes our continuous efforts to improving the accuracy of TTR estimation and concept extensions, resulting in contributing to data-driven traffic studies and applications.
Brain MR Radiomics to Differentiate Cognitive Disorders.

Objective:Subtle and gradual changes occur in the brain years before cognitive impairment due to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The authors examined the utility of hippocampal texture ana...
Nosotros Importamos (We Matter): The Use of Testimonios with Latino Male Adolescents in Group Counseling

The authors of this article present content, outcomes, and analysis of testimonios created and used by Latino male adolescents during group counseling. Testimonios, a verbal rendition of the journe...
A faster PISTOL for 1 H MR-based quantitative tissue oximetry.

Quantitative mapping of oxygen tension (pO2 ), noninvasively, could potentially be beneficial in cancer and stroke therapy for monitoring therapy and predicting response to certain therapies. Intracellular pO2 measurements may also prove useful in tracking the health of labeled cells and understanding the dynamics of cell therapy in vivo. Proton Imaging of Siloxanes to map Tissue Oxygenation Levels (PISTOL) is a relatively new oximetry technique that measures the T1 of administered siloxanes such as hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), to map the tissue pO2 at various locations with a temporal resolution of 3.5 minutes. We have now developed a siloxane-selective Look-Locker imaging sequence equipped with an echo planar imaging (EPI) readout to accelerate PISTOL acquisitions. The new tissue oximetry sequence, referred to as PISTOL-LL, enables the mapping of HMDSO T1 , and hence tissue pO2 in under one minute. PISTOL-LL was tested and compared with PISTOL in vitro and in vivo. Both sequences were used to record dynamic changes in pO2 of the rat thigh muscle (healthy Fischer rats, n = 6), and showed similar results (P > 0.05) as the other, with each sequence reporting a significant increase in pO2 (P < 0.05) under hyperoxia compared with steady state normoxia. This study demonstrates the ability of the new sequence in rapidly and accurately mapping the pO2 changes and accelerating quantitative 1 H MR tissue oximetry by approximately 4-fold. The faster PISTOL-LL technique could enable dynamic 1 H oximetry with higher temporal resolution for assesing tissue oxygentation and tracking the health of transplanted cells labeled with siloxane-based probes. With minor modifications, this sequence can be useful for 19 F applications as well.
Romantic Writing and the Determinations of Cultural Property

The massive transfer of artworks and antiquities during the Napoleonic era from sites in Greece, Italy, Egypt, and elsewhere in the Middle East to public museums and private collections in Britain ...
Novel and Alternative Therapies for Asthma in Older Adults

With the aging population growing significantly throughout the world, it is estimated that the number of older adults with asthma will also increase. Management of older adults with asthma is often complicated by the presence of underlying comorbidities and by the inadequate response to conventional controller therapies. Several novel targets for therapy have now been identified to treat severe asthma including biologics, macrolides, and bronchial thermoplasty. However, only few were evaluated in older adults with asthma. Alternative therapies have also been evaluated in patients with uncontrolled asthma, although their beneficial effects have not been fully evaluated in large controlled trials.
Pre-emptive thoracic endovascular aortic repair is unnecessary in extended type A (DeBakey type I) aortic dissections.

Abstract Objective Pre-emptive thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) improves late survival and limits progression of disease after type B aortic dissection, but the potential value of pre-emptive TEVAR has not been evaluated after type A dissection extending beyond the aortic arch (DeBakey type I). The purpose of this study was to compare disease progression and need for aortic intervention in survivors of acute, extended type A (ExTA) dissections after initial repair of the ascending aorta versus acute type B aortic dissections. Methods Consecutive patients presenting with ExTA or type B dissections between 2011 and 2018 were studied. Forty-three patients with ExTA and 44 with type B dissections who survived to discharge and had follow-up imaging studies were included in the analysis. Study end points included progression of aortic disease (>5 mm growth or extension), need for intervention, and death. Results The groups were not different for age, sex, atherosclerotic risk factors, or extent of dissection distal to the left subclavian artery. Following emergent ascending aortic repair, five ExTA patients (12%) underwent TEVAR within 4 months after discharge. Despite optimal medical treatment, 29 type B patients (66%) underwent early or late TEVAR (P Conclusions In contrast with type B dissections, these midterm results demonstrate that one-half of ExTA aortic dissections show no disease progression in the thoracic or abdominal aorta, and few require additional interventions. After initial repair of the ascending aorta, pre-emptive TEVAR does not seem to be justified in patients with acute, ExTA dissections.
Modelling and B1 Shim Analysis of 16-Element Transceiver Array at 7 T

The work examines the workflow of using commercially available software for electromagnetic modelling and validation of a transceiver array coil operating at 298 MHz for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy at 7 T. The cone-shaped, tight-fit parallel transmit head array consists of two rows with eight loop coils per row and transmits two distinct spatial distributions by means of $B_{1}$ shimming. Considerations for finite-difference time-domain simulation setup and post-processing with circuit-domain co-simulation are examined, as is the generation of virtual observation points suitable for online safety monitoring.
Comparing the Impact of Refractive and Nonrefractive Vision Loss on Functioning and Disability: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation

Purpose To compare the effects of uncorrected refractive error (URE) and nonrefractive visual impairment (VI) on performance and disability measures. Design Cross-sectional, population-based study. Participants A total of 2469 individuals with binocular presenting visual acuity (PVA) of ≥20/80 who participated in the first round of the Salisbury Eye Evaluation study. Methods The URE was defined as binocular PVA of ≤20/30, improving to >20/30 with subjective refraction. The VI was defined as post-refraction binocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≤20/30. The visual acuity decrement due to VI was calculated as the difference between BCVA and 20/30, whereas visual acuity due to URE was taken as the difference between PVA and BCVA. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the disability impact of (1) vision status (VI, URE, or normal vision) using the group with normal vision as reference and (2) a 1-line decrement in acuity due to VI or URE. Main Outcome Measures Objective measures of visual function were obtained from timed performance of mobility and near vision tasks, self-reported driving cessation, and self-reported visual difficulty measured by the Activities of Daily Vision (ADV) scale. The ADV responses were analyzed using Rasch analysis to determine visual ability. Results Compared with individuals with normal vision, subjects with VI (n = 191) had significantly poorer objective and subjective visual functioning in all metrics examined ( P P Conclusions Visual impairment is associated with greater disability than URE across a wide variety of functional measures, even in analyses adjusting for the severity of vision loss. Refractive and nonrefractive vision loss should be distinguished in studies evaluating visual disability and be understood to have differing consequences.
Interest in Illicit Purchase of Cigarettes Under a Very Low Nicotine Content Product Standard.

SIGNIFICANCE The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering a very low nicotine content (VLNC) product standard to substantially reduce nicotine in cigarettes. We examined whether learning about a potential VLNC standard increased smokers' interest in illicit purchases of cigarettes with regular nicotine content if such a standard were adopted. METHODS Participants were a national convenience sample of 1712 US adult smokers. In an online experiment, we randomly assigned smokers to view information about a new VLNC standard (experimental condition) or no information (control condition). The experimental condition explained that a VLNC standard would remove 95% of the nicotine in cigarettes and would require stores to only sell VLNC cigarettes. Then, the survey assessed smokers' interest in purchasing regular cigarettes from three illicit sources. RESULTS Smokers who learned about the VLNC standard were more likely to be very or extremely interested in purchasing regular cigarettes illicitly from a Web site compared to smokers in the control group (24% vs. 16%, p < .001). They were also more interested in illicitly buying cigarettes from a street vendor (19% vs. 13%, p < .001) and a store on an Indian reservation (28% vs. 22%, p < .05), compared to the control. The impact of learning about the VLNC standard on interest in illicit purchases did not differ by smoking frequency or current e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS A VLNC standard could increase smokers' interest in illicit purchases of regular nicotine cigarettes. To prevent VLNC-induced illicit trade from undermining public health, FDA should consider proven measures such as track and trace for these products. IMPLICATIONS Little is known about how a VLNC cigarette standard would affect consumer interest in regular content cigarettes purchased from illicit sources (eg, the Internet). We found that smokers informed about a potential VLNC product standard had greater interest in illicit cigarette purchases, compared to controls. This suggests the importance of proactive measures accompanying a VLNC standard, such as track-and-trace cigarette packaging regulations and communication campaigns, in order to maximize the standard's public health impact.
Prospects of entomopathogens in post-harvest integrated pest management:

In these exploratory experiments, entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi were investigated for the management of the populations of postharvest insect pests. Nematodes were screened for pathogenicity to Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), while nematodes and fungi were investigated for virulence to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky). Adults and larvae of P. interpunctellea were screened for susceptibility to the following six nematodes: Heterorhabitis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88, Lewiston and Oswego strains); H. indica Poinar, Karunakar and David (Homl strain); H. marelatus Liu and Berry (Point Reyes strain); H. megidis Poinar, Jackson, and Klein (UK211 strain); and H. zealandica Poinar (NZH3 strain). The nematodes that had the highest virulence to larvae and adults of P. interpunctellea were H. indica, H. megidis, and H. marelatus. Six strains of nematodes were studied, namely H. bacteriophora, H. indica, H. georgiana (K22), Steinernema feltiae SN and S. carpocapsae. All strains of fungi, Beauveria bassiana (GHA) and Metarhizium brunneum (F52) were evaluated for infectivity to adults of S. zeamais. The two strains of Steinernematidae nematodes and a strain of fungus, B. bassiana were found to cause significant mortality of the weevils compared to the rest of the entomopathogens and the control. To demonstrate the practical application of entomopathogens, wettable dust of B. bassiana were dispensed on jute bags after which weevils were exposed to the treated surfaces for 30 min. The exposed weevils recorded between 90 to 100% mortality 14-d after exposure. Additional study demonstrated that the parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) could be integrated with entomopathogenic nematodes. These experiments demonstrate the potential usefulness of entomopathogens in the management of stored product Lepidopteran and Coleopteran pests.
High-Speed Computer-Generated Holography Using Convolutional Neural Networks

We introduce a computer-generated holography algorithm based on deep learning with unsupervised training. Our method generates high fidelity holograms in a few milliseconds and outperforms alternate methods that require many iterations and longer computation.
Reconsidering the multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation.

Background Moe and Abildskov proposed the multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the basis of observations in the canine vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) AF model. Data from mapping studies in an in vitro canine AF model by Allessie et al (Allessie MA, Lammers WJEP, Bonke FIM, Hollen SJ. Experimental evaluation of Moe’s multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. In: Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds. Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias. Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton; 1985:265–275.) were used to evaluate the Moe/Abildskov hypothesis, which revealed that a critical number of wavelets sustained AF. Objective The purpose of this study was to reassess VNS mapping data using the same methods used by Allessie to evaluate Moe’s multiple wavelet hypothesis. Methods Using the canine VNS AF model in 6 dogs, 510 unipolar atrial electrograms were recorded simultaneously from both atria. Activation sequence maps were produced from sustained AF during VNS in each dog. Per Allessie, consecutive 10 ms activation windows were analyzed over a period of 300 ms. Repetitive activation analysis was applied to Moe’s canine VNS AF model. Results The number of wavefronts in each AF episode was 0–8 in Allessie’s studies measured by sequential atrial mapping and 0–10 in our biatrial simultaneous mapping studies. In both studies, an electrically silent period was observed in each atrium and was reactivated by wavefronts emanating from focal sources. Allessie postulated that an electrically silent atrium was reactivated by a wavefront propagating from the other atrium. However, in our biatrial simultaneous mapping studies, each electrically silent atrium was reactivated by a distinct focal source. Conclusion Data from both studies showed a similar number of wavefronts, similar AF activation patterns, and periods of electrical atrial silence reactivated by focal sources. Also, in our studies, independent focal sources initiated wavefronts reactivating the atria, thereby explaining the mechanism maintaining AF.
Race/Ethnic Differences in Social Resources as Cognitive Risk and Protective Factors.

Overall social network size, often the sum of common lifetime relationships, including children, family, and friends, has been linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. However, littl...
Vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids

Summary Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient required to maintain vision, the immune response, barrier function, growth and differentiation, male and female reproduction, and fetal development. It is acquired from the diet either as preformed vitamin A from animal foods or as provitamin A carotenoids acquired from plant foods. Vitamin A actions in the body involve two biochemical mechanisms. Its role in vision involves 11-cis-retinaldehyde, which is the chromophore for the visual pigment rhodopsin. The other involves all-trans-retinoic acid serving as a ligand for three distinct retinoic acid nuclear receptors, which regulate transcription of literally hundreds of genes. Vitamin A deficiency remains a major public health problem in the developing world. The vitamin and related factors are implicated in the causation/prevention of human metabolic disease, including obesity, diabetes, hepatic disease, and cardiovascular disease, as well as proliferative disorders, including cancers and skin disease.
Rates of COVID-19-related Outcomes in Cancer compared to non-Cancer Patients

Cancer patients are a vulnerable population postulated to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection. Increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in cancer patients may be attributable to age, comorbidities, smoking, healthcare exposure, and cancer treatments, and partially to the cancer itself. Most studies to date have focused on hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, thereby limiting the generalizability and interpretability of the association between cancer and COVID-19 severity. We compared outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 323 patients enrolled prior to the pandemic in a large academic biobank (n=67 cancer patients and n=256 non-cancer patients). After adjusting for demographics, smoking status, and comorbidities, a diagnosis of cancer was independently associated with higher odds of hospitalization (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.12-4.18) and 30-day mortality (OR 5.67, CI 1.49-21.59). These associations were primarily driven by patients with active cancer. These results emphasize the critical importance of preventing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and mitigating infection in cancer patients.
Crizotinib-associated Renal Cyst Formation in a Pediatric Patient With ALK+ Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma.

Abstract Background Crizotinib is a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive cancers. Simple and complex renal cyst formation is a rare complication of crizotinib use that has been reported previously in the adult population. Case We report a case of a right renal mass in a 17-year-old with ALK-positive epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma treated with Crizotinib. After cessation of Crizotinib and initiating Alectenib, a second generation ALK inhibitor, the mass decreased in size and the patient remained asymptomatic without evidence of recurrence at three months of follow-up.
FDA Approval Summary: Atezolizumab and Durvalumab in Combination with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to atezolizumab and durvalumab in March of 2019 and 2020, respectively, for use in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. These approvals were based on data from two randomized controlled trials, IMpower133 (atezolizumab) and CASPIAN (durvalumab). Both trials demonstrated an improvement in overall survival (OS) with anti-programmed death ligand 1 antibodies when added to platinum-based chemotherapy as compared with chemotherapy alone. In IMpower133, patients receiving atezolizumab with etoposide and carboplatin demonstrated improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.91; p = .0069), with median OS of 12.3 months compared with 10.3 months in patients receiving etoposide and carboplatin. In CASPIAN, patients receiving durvalumab with etoposide and either cisplatin or carboplatin also demonstrated improved OS (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.91; p = .0047) with median OS of 13.0 months compared with 10.3 months in patients receiving etoposide and either cisplatin or carboplatin. The safety profiles of both drugs were generally consistent with known toxicities of immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapies. This review summarizes the FDA perspective and data supporting the approval of these two agents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Effective therapeutic options for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are limited, and there has been modest improvement in the overall survival (OS) of patients with SCLC over the past 3 decades. The approvals of atezolizumab and of durvalumab in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of patients with extensive stage SCLC represent the first approved therapies with OS benefit for this patient population since the approval of etoposide in combination with other approved chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, the efficacy results from IMpower133 and CASPIAN lay the groundwork for possible further evaluation in other treatment settings in this disease.
Factores de riesgo en la auto-eficacia materna de las mujeres mexicanas: Una comparación entre México y los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica

Depression and intimate partner violence affect women in different ways. One such way pertains to their perceived maternal competence. The present study examined the effects of depression and intimate partner violence on maternal self-efficacy among Mexican women living in Mexico and the United States of America. A total of 136 women (91 Mexican immigrant women livingin the United States of America and 45 Mexican women living in Mexico) completed three questionnaires. Results showed that mothers in Mexico reported higher levels of depression, as well as increased incidence of physical and psychological violence. Furthermore, in a multiple regression analysis, educational level and depression were significant predictors of maternal self-efficacy. A mediating effect of depression on the relationship between physical violence and maternal self-efficacy was also found. Overall, Mexican immigrant women living in the United States of America appeared to have higher levels of maternal self-efficacy in comparison to mothers living in Mexico.
Distinct Frizzled receptors independently mediate endomesoderm specification and primary archenteron invagination during gastrulation in Nematostella.

Abstract Endomesodermal cell fate specification and archenteron formation during gastrulation are tightly linked developmental processes in most metazoans. However, studies have shown that in the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, Wnt/β-catenin (cWnt) signaling-mediated endomesodermal cell fate specification can be experimentally uncoupled from Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling-mediated primary archenteron invagination. The upstream signaling mechanisms regulating cWnt signaling-dependent endomesoderm cell fate specification and Wnt/PCP signaling-mediated primary archenteron invagination in Nematostella embryos are not well understood. By screening for potential upstream mediators of cWnt and Wnt/PCP signaling, we identified two Nematostella Frizzled homologs that are expressed early in development. NvFzd1 is expressed maternally and in a broad pattern during early development while NvFzd10 is zygotically expressed at the animal pole in blastula stage embryos and is restricted to the invaginating cells of the presumptive endomesoderm. Molecular and morphological characterization of NvFzd1 and NvFzd10 knock-down phenotypes provide evidence for distinct regulatory roles for the two receptors in endomesoderm cell fate specification and primary archenteron invagination. These results provide further experimental evidence for the independent regulation of endomesodermal cell fate specification and primary archenteron invagination during gastrulation in Nematostella. Moreover, these results provide additional support for the previously proposed two-step model for the independent evolution of cWnt-mediated cell fate specification and Wnt/PCP-mediated primary archenteron invagination.
Rational Definitions and Defining Rationality

Beliefs and the processes and procedures used to assess them vary quite a bit from person to person. Analytic philosophers of a certain ilk think they can substantially reduce these kinds of cognitive diversity. They believe that through the process of defining key terms of moral and epistemic justification they can identify and defend principles or procedures for belief adoption, retention, and rejection. These principles and procedures can then be used to identify acceptable cognitive states, thus giving us a rational basis on which to reduce cognitive diversity. Cognitive states are ones that store information about the world; for our purposes they may be thought of simply as beliefs.
Interactions Between MAOA Genotype and Receipt of Public Assistance: Predicting Change in Depressive Symptoms and Body Mass Index

Response to stress is determined in part by genetically-influenced regulation of the monoamine system. We examined the interaction of a stressor (receipt of public assistance) and a gene regulating the monoamine system (MAOA) in the prediction of change in adolescent depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI). Participants were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health (AddHealth) genetically-informative subsample. We focused on males due to the fact that males only have one MAOA allele. Growth curve analyses were conducted to assess the association between public assistance, MAOA allele, and their interaction and the intercept and slope of depressive symptoms and BMI. The results indicated that among males, MAOA allele type interacted with receipt of public assistance in the prediction of rate of change in both depressive symptoms and BMI from early adolescence through early adulthood. Males with the short MAOA allele whose families received public assistance tended to experience increased growth in depressive symptoms and BMI. Implications of the findings for understanding the relations among stress, physiology, and development are discussed.
Using a task-specific QoS for controlling sensing requests and scheduling

Typically, management of networked computational and sensing nodes is based upon a quality of service metric (QoS) that is based on some generic principles, like "be fair in allocating resources" or "utilize the CPU capacity to the maximum". The consequences of accepting such a starting point is that (1) task-specific resource requirements are not taken into consideration, and (2) computational and communication resources are saturated without paying attention to whether such a high load is necessary or not. We describe some of our efforts on how to improve the situation described above. In particular, we discuss one of the approaches that we are currently investigating that can be summarized by the following three points. (1) We use a task-specific QoS (TS-QoS) as a variable that is controlled by our system. (2) Requests for resources are generated based upon the feedback provided by the TS-QoS, where the request generator's parameters are adjusted using a simple PID controller. (3) A dynamic programming based algorithm is used for scheduling resource. Simulations using sensor resources show some of the advantages of the proposed approach.
Petrov-Galerkin Overset Grid Scheme for the Navier-Stokes Equations with Moving Domains

In terms of mesh resolution requirements, higher order finite element discretization methods offer a more economic means of obtaining accurate simulations and/or to resolve physics at scales not possible with lower order schemes. For simulations that may have large relative motion between multiple bodies, overset grid methods have demonstrated distinct advantages over mesh movement strategies. Combining these approaches offers the ability to accurately resolve the flow phenomena and interaction that may occur during unsteady moving boundary simulations. Additionally, overset grid techniques when used within a finite element setting mitigate many of the difficulties encountered in finite volume implementations. This paper presents the development of an overset grid methodology for use within a streamline/upwind Petrov–Galerkin formulation for unsteady, viscous, moving boundary simulations. Furthermore, a novel hole cutting procedure based on solutions to Poisson equations is introduced and compared with ex...
Intimacy and Autonomy in Long Term Marriag

Abstract Marital literature has identified partner intimacy and autonomy as important determinants of marital satisfaction. However, little is known about how the balance of intimacy and autonomy affects the success of long term marriages among older couples. The author surveyed 88 men and 92 women in long term stable marriages to examine the effects of partner intimacy and autonomy on marital satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses revealed that intimacy was positively related, and hostile control was negatively related to marital satisfaction. Older respondents rated their partners higher in intimacy than middle aged respondents, and husbands were rated higher in providing autonomy than were wives. Intimacy and avoidance of hostile control were more important than autonomy to long term married couples. Social workers can draw upon a number of approaches to marital therapy that enhance couple intimacy.
Prevalence of anemia in the nursing home: contribution of chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the independent contribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and age to anemia in older nursing home residents. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Skilled nursing facility. PARTICIPANTS: Nursing home residents with records in the Beverly Healthcare Data Warehouse who were admitted to a nursing home between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003; were alive as of January 31, 2004; and had hemoglobin and serum creatinine (SCr) values available for analysis. MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women) and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, according to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease criteria) and the contribution of CKD and age to the prevalence of anemia. RESULTS: Six thousand two hundred resident records were analyzed (70% female, 85% Caucasian). Overall, 59.6% of residents were anemic, and 43.1% had CKD, and residents with CKD were more likely to have anemia (64.9% with vs 55.7% without CKD; odds ratio (OR)=1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.33–1.63). Although older age was associated with lower hemoglobin values primarily in residents without CKD (Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r)=−0.10, P<.001), age had no association with hemoglobin in CKD (Spearman r=0.01, P=.60). The greater risk of anemia in the presence of CKD persisted in each age category (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.53–2.80, aged 65–74; OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.21–1.70, aged 75–84; and OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.15–1.57, aged ≥85). CONCLUSION: Overall, these results suggest that CKD contributes more strongly than older age to the high prevalence of anemia in older nursing home residents.
Detection of Human Glandular Kallikrein, hK2, as Its Precursor Form and in Complex With Protease Inhibitors in Prostate Carcinoma Serum

Forms of human glandular kallikrein (kK2) in pros- tate carcinoma serum were identified using monoclonal antibod- ies specific for hK2 and prohK2. Recombinant mammalian hK2, prohK2, and prostate = specific antigen (PSA) were utilized to confirm the specificity of monoclonal antibodies for hK2 and the lack of reactivity with PSA. In prostate cancer patient sera con- taining high levels of hK2 (>100 ng/ml), hK2 exists as a complex with a1-antichymotrypsin with a molecular weight of 90 kDa. The kallikrein also exists as a 32-kDa free form, which includes the precursor pro form of hK2. The relative amount of complex and free hK2 varied, but in most sera examined the 32-kDa form pre- dominated. Recombinant hK2 readily formed complexes with a2- macroglobulin when the two proteins were incubated together as well as when hK2 was spiked into female serum.
Calibration of Nondispersive Infrared CO2 Analyzers with CO2-in-Air Reference Gases

Abstract A set of eight CO2-in-air secondary standard calibration gases has been established by NOAA/Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change (GMCC) for use in its global CO2 monitoring program. Use of these gases obviates the need for pressure broadening corrections that arises when CO2 air sample analyses are performed with nondispersive infrared analyzers using CO2-in-N2 calibration gases. The gases are composed of clean mountain air, with suitably adjusted CO2 content, pumped into 49 1 chrome-molybdenum steel tanks to 150 atm pressure. Five of the tank gases have been calibrated manometrically at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) to an accuracy of about ±0.10 parts per million (ppm). Calibration of the remaining gases is traceable to manometric primary standards maintained at SIO. The secondary standards are used periodically in Boulder, Colorado, to calibrate tertiary CO2 standards with which, in turn, field station standards and working reference gases are calibrated. Both the tertiary...
The Impact of Consumption Hassle on Pricing Schedules

A curious phenomenon in the retail pricing of many product categories (e.g., tuna, frozen orange juice, and tomato paste) is the existence of quantity surcharges. A related curiosity is the existence of both discounts and surcharges within the same product category. To explain the former phenomenon, extant research invokes heterogeneity in consumption parameters, heterogeneity in search costs, or concern for retail price image. To the best of our knowledge, there is no received explanation for the latter phenomenon. We add to this rich stream of work by proposing a novel explanation for quantity surcharges. Our explanation is based on the notion of consumption hassle. We analyze a market that is heterogeneous in a hedonic parameter that influences valuations as well as the effective cost of the consumption hassle. We then derive consumer choices (small pack, large pack, or two small packs) taking into account Individual Rationality (IR) and Incentive Compatibility (IC) constraints. In the absence of consumption hassle, we obtain two segments with one purchasing the small pack and the other purchasing the large pack. Moreover, the optimal pricing for the seller involves quantity discounts. However, with the introduction of consumption hassle, the market potentially splits into three segments: one purchasing the small pack, another purchasing two small packs, and the third purchasing the large pack. Moreover, the optimal pricing for the seller involves quantity surcharges. Overall, our analytical findings offer an additional explanation for the phenomenon of quantity surcharges. More importantly, they offer a rationale for the existence of multiple pricing schedules within the same product category by explicitly recognizing variations in consumption hassle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pilot program to address healthy sexual behaviors among girls in juvenile detention.

PURPOSE: This pilot study was designed to determine the effectiveness of an intervention on sexual behavior among girls in juvenile detention.; METHODS: The pre/posttest model assessed for changes in knowledge, attitudes, and reported behaviors. This program merged three curricula to create the unique Young Women Get Real Program with nursing student program facilitators.; FINDINGS: Despite high levels of satisfaction with the program, the data related to the final sample (n = 35) failed to reveal significant changes in measured variables.; CONCLUSIONS: The results may inform nurses as they pursue interventions to promote responsible sexual behavior in selected populations. 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KW: Juvenile justice; Juvenile delinquency;
Frequency domain mechanism extraction (EM scattering)

A time-domain analysis is applied to a frequency-domain technique which recovers the individual frequency characteristics of localized scattering mechanisms from a composite signature with two scattering mechanisms. This technique constructs a matrix which has filter characteristics with similar properties to a physically realizable filter based upon convolution concepts. This similarity is expanded to evaluate the rows of the matrix as filters, as demonstrated in the time domain to provide an alternate interpretation of the extraction process. >
Hyper-acceleration and HW/SW co-verification as an essential part of IBM eServer z900 verification

Hardware/software (HW/SW) coverification can considerably shorten the time required for system integration and bring-up. But coverification is limited by the simulation speed achievable whenever hardware models are required to verify hardware and software interactions. Although the use of a general-purpose hardware accelerator as an extremely fast simulator resolves performance aspects, it generates a new set of handling, efficiency, and serviceability demands. This paper describes a means for addressing those demands through the use of one of the largest hyper-acceleration systems created thus far, and describes many new associated features that have been implemented in operating software.
Explanation as a solution reconstruction in causal networks and expert systems

Examines the issue of explanation in causal networks and expert systems through the perspective of solution reconstruction. Such reconstruction is complementary to the notion of system reconstruction as studied in systems theory. Compares explanations in causal networks with explanations in expert systems. Proposes the general concept of viewing explanation as user‐oriented solution‐reconstruction. In other words, the explanation is a solution deconstructed not only in terms of system variables, but also in terms of factors involving the user’s understanding of the problem solved by the system.
Reconciling Multiple Data Sources for Implementing the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) in Tanzania

The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) was approved by the United Nations as one of the first activity-based statistical accounting systems under the system of national accounting. Since its formalization as a framework for adoption by individual countries, implementation has been a slow and challenging process. One factor that has challenged implementation in Tanzania is the availability of quality data from existing national statistical programmes. This paper evaluates the quality of secondary datasets for prioritized TSA implementation. The results provide a critical stimulus to adopting the TSA through the use of secondary data sources.