cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three essays in demand analysis

In this study, flexible representation of consumer demand systems is investigated within the framework afforded by duality in consumer theory. The first essay examines the market situation where supplies are inelastic and prices must adjust to clear the market, a situation that arises for most agricultural commodities, particularly for perishable commodities. A price dependent or inverse demand system can reflect such a market situation. Two flexible inverse demand systems are proposed. The first of these is a linear inverse demand system (LIDS) derived from a flexible specification of a distance function, and presents a particularly convenient system of linear equations. A simulation exercise reveals that the LIDS performs as well and in fact slightly better than the older inverse Translog system. However, in order to specify market demands, aggregation conditions need to hold. A new system of inverse share dependent equations belonging to the class of quasi-homothetic preferences is also proposed;Between the two polar cases of direct and inverse demands lies the class of 'mixed' demands where the prices of some goods and the quantities (demanded) of others adjust to clear the market. However, the existing theoretical framework for mixed demands does not allow a convenient transition to an empirical model. The concept of 'shadow' price is used in developing a theoretical framework that does allow the specification of an empirical mixed demand system. The Slutsky equations are derived, the elasticity forms of which are implemented in a differential approximation of the mixed demand system. The empirical context is provided by the Canadian market for meats where free trade with the U.S. in beef and pork makes Canada a price taker for these commodities, while for poultry, domestic marketing boards restrict the supply, and prices must adjust to clear the markets;The notion of separability is frequently invoked in applied demand analysis. In general, separability is a strong maintained hypothesis and should ideally be tested before it is maintained. However, while the alternative of imposing local separability on a Flexible Functional Form (FFF) exists, imposing global separability parametrically on most of the commonly used FFFs renders them inflexible. In the third essay, the ability of a recently proposed globally separable FFF, as well as that of the locally separable model, in providing correct inferences about separability is examined in a Monte Carlo study.
The effects of explicit pronunciation instruction on the production of second language Spanish voiceless stops

The present study examines the effectiveness of second language explicit pronunciation instruction of adult second language (L2) learners of Spanish in a classroom setting. This study seeks to shed light on the effectiveness of teaching pronunciation while considering the level of instruction of first, second and third year students. Eighty-three learners of Spanish as an L2 were recruited to participate in a control (n = 45) or experimental (n = 38) group. From the beginning to the end of a twelve-week semester, participants in the experimental condition received instruction on typically difficult segments in L2-Spanish for first language (L1) English speakers. Pronunciation gains were measured acoustically by a word-reading task and the target structures were Spanish voiceless stops /p, t, k/. Results suggest that pronunciation instruction is beneficial to all voiceless stops. After a semester of instruction, the experimental group reduced their voice onset time (VOT) and reached native speakers' range, while no difference was observed in the control group. Additionally, instruction was beneficial at each curricular level, suggesting that pronunciation instruction should be part of the L2-Spanish curricular sequence at multiple levels. Results are discussed in terms of the theoretical, methodological and pedagogical implications of these findings and special emphasis is placed on the advantages of pronunciation instruction. A call is made for more teachers and practitioners to include pronunciation instruction in the L2-Spanish classroom.
Spin resonances in iron selenide high- T c superconductors by proximity to a hidden spin density wave

Recent inelastic neutron scattering studies by B. Pan et al. [Nat. Commun. 8, 123 (2017)] find evidence for spin resonances in an iron selenide high-${T}_{c}$ superconductor that persist at energies above the quasiparticle gap. The momenta of such spin excitations form a diamond around the checkerboard wave vector, ${\mathbit{Q}}_{\mathrm{AF}}$, that is associated with the square lattice of iron atoms that makes up the system. It has been suggested that the ``hollowed-out'' spin-excitation spectrum is due to hidden N\'eel order. We study such a hidden spin density wave (hSDW) state that results from nested Fermi surfaces at the center and at the corner of the unfolded Brillouin zone. It emerges within mean-field theory from an extended Hubbard model over a square lattice of iron atoms that contain the minimal ${d}_{xz}$ and ${d}_{yz}$ orbitals. Opposing N\'eel order exists over the isotropic $d+={d}_{xz}+i{d}_{yz}$ and $d\ensuremath{-}={d}_{xz}\ensuremath{-}i{d}_{yz}$ orbitals. The dynamical spin susceptibility of the hSDW is computed within the random phase approximation, at perfect nesting. Unobservable Goldstone modes that disperse acoustically are found at ${\mathbit{Q}}_{\mathrm{AF}}$. A threshold is found in the spectrum of observable spin excitations that forms a ``floating ring'' at ${\mathbit{Q}}_{\mathrm{AF}}$ also. The ring threshold moves down in energy toward zero with increasing Hund's rule coupling, while it moves up in energy with increasing magnetic frustration. Comparison with the normal-state features of the spin-excitation spectrum shown by electron-doped iron selenide is made. Also, recent predictions of a Lifshitz transition from the nested Fermi surfaces to Fermi surface pockets at the corner of the folded Brillouin zone will be discussed.
CSF studies which ultimately led to the possible diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis

A 17-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with new-onset seizure activity and altered mental status manifesting as bizarre behaviour, which included rapid pressured and tangential speech, psychomotor agitation, insomnia and delusions. He also had autonomic dysregulation, manifested in labile blood pressures. He had been recently discharged from his first psychiatric hospitalisation. Many studies were performed, including electroencephalogram (EEG), head CT, laboratory work, urine drug screen and lumbar puncture with cerebral spinal fluid studies, which ultimately led to the diagnosis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoimmune encephalitis. He was treated with five rounds of plasmapheresis with complete resolution of his altered mental status. This case highlights the importance of being familiar with the presentation of anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis, especially in cases of new-onset mental status changes with psychotic like symptoms, seizure-like activity and autonomic dysregulation as early detection and treatment improves chances of good prognosis with return to baseline cognitive function.
Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Maintenance Decision Making for Civil Infrastructure: Bayesian Data Analytics and Machine Learning

Due to the aging of civil infrastructure and the associated economic impact, there is an increasing need to continuously monitor structural and non-structural components for system life-cycle management, including maintenance prioritization. For complex infrastructure, this monitoring process involves different types of data sources collected at different timescales and resolutions, including but not limited to abstracted rating data from human inspections, historical failure record data, uncertain cost data, high-fidelity physics-based simulation data, and online high-resolution structural health monitoring (SHM) data. The heterogeneity of the data sources poses challenges to implementing a diagnostic/prognostic framework for decision making for life-cycle actions such as maintenance. Using quoin blocks components of a miter gate as an example, this chapter presents a holistic Bayesian data analytics and machine learning (ML) framework to demonstrate how to integrate various data sources using Bayesian and ML methods for effective SHM, and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). In particular, this chapter discusses how Bayesian data analytics and ML methods can be applied to (1) diagnosis of bearing loss-of-contact degradation in quoin blocks; (2) optimized sensor placement for SHM on the gate; (3) fusion of various data sources for effective PHM; and (4) deciding maintenance strategies by considering the behavioral aspect of human decision making under uncertainty.
Natural Killer and T Cell Infiltration in Canine Osteosarcoma: Clinical Implications and Translational Relevance

Metastatic osteosarcoma has a bleak prognosis in humans and dogs, and there have been minimal therapeutic advances in recent decades to improve outcomes. Naturally occurring canine osteosarcoma has shown to be a highly suitable model for human osteosarcoma, and limited data suggest the similarities between species extend into immune responses to cancer. Studies have shown that immune infiltrates in canine osteosarcoma resemble those of human osteosarcoma, and the analysis of tumor immune constituents as predictors of therapeutic response is a promising direction for future research. Additionally, clinical studies in dogs have piloted the use of NK transfer to treat osteosarcoma and can serve as valuable precursors to clinical trials in humans. Cytotoxic lymphocytes in dogs and humans with osteosarcoma have increased activation and exhaustion markers within tumors compared to blood. Accordingly, NK and T cells have complex interactions among cancer and other immune cells, which can lead to changes in pathways that work both for and against the tumor. Studies focused on NK and T cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment can open the door to targeted therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. Specifically, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint expression is conserved across tumors in both species, but further characterization of PD-L1 in canine osteosarcoma is needed to assess its prognostic significance compared to humans. Ultimately, a comparative understanding of T and NK cells in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment in both dogs and humans can be a platform for translational studies that improve outcomes in both dogs and humans with this frequently aggressive disease.
Place, Writing, and Voice in Oral History

The writings in Shelly Trower’s collection, Place, Writing, and Voice in Oral History, present variations on the theme of place and locality, brilliantly organized to reference, amend, overlap, and...
The oxidation of heterocyclic systems by moleculr oxygen—IV

Abstract Oxazoles are sensitive to photooxidation and undergo reaction under mild conditions. The oxidation appears to produce isoimides (not isolated) which readily rearrange to tertiary amides. Thus, bot 2-methyl-4,5-diphenyloxazole and 4-methyl-2,5-diphenyloxazole are transformed to N-acetyldibenzamide by air oxidation in the presence of visible light in methanol containing methylene blue. Other oxidations of oxazole-containing systems, including the natural product pimprinine, are described.
Aging of surfaces of solutions

Aqueous solutions of casein are known to produce foams of great stablility. The foaming is due to the surface accumulation of the proteinand the formation of adsorption films. these adsorption films are insoluble and exhibit surface pressure in the langmuir trough. It is thus possible to study accumulation by the method developed by Doss and independently by McBain and co-workers.
Political Democracy and the Physical Quality of Life: The Cross-National Evidence

Why do some countries have a high quality of life? One important explanation is that political democracy fosters life quality. Proponents of this perspective argue that political democracy acts to center the public agenda on state actions that enhance life quality. The cross-national effects of democracy (and several alternative variables) on the physical quality of life were examined for 87 countries at three points in time: 1970, 1980, and 1990. Results indicate the existence of a strong positive relationship between democracy and life quality for all three time periods.
Detection of the JAK2V617F mutation by asymmetric PCR and melt curve analysis.

Abstract The chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic diseases characterized by production of increased numbers of mature leukocytes, erythrocytes, and/or platelets. Clinically these disorders are often insidious in onset, produce nonspecific thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications, and can be easily confused with a variety of benign, reactive conditions. Thus, confirming a CMPD can be difficult as it is often a diagnosis of exclusion. The recently identified JAK2(V617F) mutation is frequently present in the classic CMPDs polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. JAK2(V617F) determination has proven to be a useful diagnostic tool in patients with some clinical features suggestive for a CMPD, and may have benefit as a way to monitor known disease. There are several published molecular assays for the JAK2(V617F) target, of variable sensitivity and technical complexity, many of which are not easily replicated in a typical clinical laboratory. We present a robust, sensitive PCR/melt curve assay for the JAK2(V617F) mutation which uses the widely available Roche LightCycler platform, and is thus applicable to many clinical molecular laboratories.
Coulomb blockade of anyons in quantum antidots.

Coulomb interaction turns anyonic quasiparticles of a primary quantum Hall liquid with filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/(2m+1)$ into hard-core anyons. We have developed a model of coherent transport of such quasiparticles in systems of multiple antidots by extending the Wigner-Jordan description of 1D Abelian anyons to tunneling problems. We show that the anyonic exchange statistics manifests itself in tunneling conductance even in the absence of quasiparticle exchanges. In particular, it can be seen as a nonvanishing resonant peak associated with quasiparticle tunneling through a line of three antidots.
Short-term anuran community dynamics in the Missouri River floodplain following an historic flood

Extreme ecological disturbances such as floods, wildfires, and droughts are difficult to study because they are rare and unpredictable. We had the opportunity to study the effect of an historic flood on an anuran community in the Missouri River floodplain. We used occupancy estimation to estimate the proportion of wetlands occupied by calling adult male anurans. Three species—the plains leopard frog (Lithobates blairi), Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii), and Blanchard's cricket frog (Acris blanchardi)—had only minor changes in occupancy rate two years after the flood. Colonization rates for these species were positively associated with wetlands that were shallower near the shore and they did not appear to be affected by reduced vegetation. Three other species or species complexes—the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), the gray treefrog complex (Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysocelis), and the boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata)—had greatly reduced occupancy rates two years after the flood. Colonization rates for these species were relatively low, while they had high extinction rates. Colonization rates for these species were not associated with any habitat characteristic we measured. Future flood events will likely continue to make northern leopard frogs, gray treefrogs, and boreal chorus frogs a less important part of the ecological community. While some species may fare well under extreme climate events, such as this flood, that are forecast under climate change scenarios, many species will struggle.
The production and properties of chlorosis-inducing toxins from a pseudomonad attacking timothy

Abstract A Pseudomonas sp. inciting halo blight of timothy released chlorosis-inducing toxins into Woolley's medium. Their concentration reached 250 μ M at early stationary phase and declined sharply thereafter. The kinetics of this decline and the coincident increase of inactive, isomeric compounds were consistent with a hypothesis that toxin synthesis decreased and first-order degradation occurred via intramolecular rearrangement to the inactive isomers. The half-lives of the toxins were 1·6 days at pH 7·0 and 9·2, 10·5 days at pH 3·1 and greater than 72 days at pH 6·5 (−20 °C). The toxins were resolved by cation-exchange chromatography into two analogs which had equal specific activities in a bean leaf assay. Acid hydrolysis of the resolved toxins released serine and tabtoxinine from one and threonine and tabtoxinine from the other. A nomenclature system for the toxins and their inactive isomers is proposed.
3-D x-ray strain microscopy in two-phase composites at submicron length scales

Renewed interest in composite materials is driven by the fact that their mechanical properties can be superior to those of individual constituent phases. Interfaces between the phases and the properties of individual phases are the two key elements responsible for the unique micro-mechanisms of plastic deformation in composites. In this research summary we show how the depth-dependent residual strain distributed in the two phases and partitioned across the composite interfaces can be directly measured at submicron length-scales using x-ray microdiffraction and compared to a detailed simulation within the framework of micromechanical stress analysis. Interface strength is determined from the analysis of the so-called “slip zone” caused by the near-surface stress relaxation. Two examples are discussed: Mo-NiAl and AG-15 composites.
Acute effects of pyridoxine hydrochloride on monomethylhydrazine seizure latency and amygdaloid kindled seizure thresholds in cats

Abstract A number of similarities between the acute systemic convulsant, monomethylhydrazine (MMH), and the chronic focal epilepsy model, kindling, were recently identified. Those findings suggested a common neurophysiologic basis for the two experimental epilepsy models, which the present experiment further explored. Pyridoxine, which can facilitate neurohumoral transmitters thought to be deficient in both models, has been shown to prevent MMH seizures, but its effect on kindling is unknown. This report documented the effects of this substance on generalized tonic-clonic convulsions with both models. Eight, fully kindled (basolateral amygdala) cats underwent and A 1 B 1 A 2 design in which kindled seizure thresholds and MMH seizure latencies were examined sequentially during an initial, untreated baseline condition (A 1 ), after 20 mg/kg injections of pyridoxine (B 1 ), and during a final, untreated baseline condition (A 2 ). The MMH latencies were calculated in minutes postinjection and kindling thresholds represented the minimum level of stimulation (μA) necessary to elicit stage 6 convulsions. Pyridoxine completely blocked convulsions in seven of eight animals exposed to MMH. In addition, this substance yielded modest but statistically significant elevations in kindled seizure thresholds compared with initial and final baselines. These findings extend previous evidence of pyridoxine's anticonvulsant effect on MMH to kindling. Differences in the potency of effects suggested that the precise mechanism involved in MMH-induced and kindled convulsions may not be the same. Nevertheless, the fact that pyridoxine afforded some protection against seizures with both procedures provides some support for the initial hypothesis that similar neurochemical abnormalities may underlie the two experimental models.
Gluconeogenesis in toad urinary bladder.

Abstract 1. 1. Toad urinary hemibladders preincubated without added substrate for 18 h contain significant quantities of free glucose and release glucose into the media during subsequent incubations. The addition of lactate, pyruvate, or dihydroxyacetone to the medium increased the rate of glucose release, whereas glutamine and oxaloacetate were without effect. Lactate increased the tissue glycogen content, and 14C from [U-14C]lactate was incorporated into glycogen. Extracellular acidosis increased the rate of glucose release by hemibladders incubated without added substrate or with lactate, but did not increase glucose release by tissue incubated with dihydroxyacetone. 2. 2. Aldosterone increased both the rate of glucose release and the glycogen content of hemibladders incubated with lactate, but equimolar cortisol did not reproduce these effects. Vasopressin acutely increased the rate of glucose release from tissue incubated w without added substrate but not in the presence of lactate. 3. 3. Glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activities were demonstrated in toad urinary bladder. The recovery of 14C from [14C]bicarbonate in glycogen and medium glucose with lactate as substrate suggests that gluconeogenesis in this tissue does not involve the direct reversal of the pyruvate kinase reaction.
ESR concerns in tantalum chip capacitors exposed to non-oxygen-containing environments

Abstract This paper discusses an evaluation program that investigated conformally coated and molded epoxy encapsulated tantalum chip capacitors that exhibited increasing equivalent series resistance (ESR) when used in hermetically sealed hybrids. Two different power converter hybrid manufacturers have reported life testing problems arising from catastrophic ESR increases in tantalum chip capacitors used in the outputs of those hybrids. The ESRs of several chip capacitors used in one hybrid measured more than 100 times the maximum allowed in the relevant capacitor specification after exposure to the high-temperature burn-in conditions. In both instances, the hybrids were filled with nitrogen gas, containing as well as a small amount of helium used in leak checking, during the hermetic sealing of the devices. The hybrids were also been burned-in for an extended period of time at 125 °C ambient temperature. An extensive test program was conducted using samples from multiple manufacturing lots produced by three USA tantalum chip capacitor manufacturers in an effort to identify the root cause of the high ESR behavior. Samples were tested at 125 °C in nitrogen, with and without bias, and with and without ac ripple, to determine the effect, if any, on the dc leakage (DCL) and ESR of solid tantalum capacitors when subjected to such conditions. After testing, the parts were subsequently subjected to 160 °C heating in air for 4 h to determine the effect of a typical high-temperature adhesive cure used in hybrid manufacturing on the ESR and other electrical properties of the capacitors. While the majority of parts from all suppliers showed little to no effect with changes in test conditions, several lots contained one or two parts that exhibited quite significant but not catastrophic ESR increases.
Role of the D1 receptor for the dopamine agonist-induced one-trial behavioral sensitization of preweanling rats.

Rationale The neural mechanisms mediating the ontogeny of behavioral sensitization are poorly understood.
Challenges in running a commercial search engine

These are exciting times for Information Retrieval. Web search engines have brought IR to the masses. It now affects the lives of hundreds of millions of people, and growing, as Internet search companies launch ever more products based on techniques developed in These are exciting times for Information Retrieval. Web search engines have brought IR to the masses. It now affects the lives of hundreds of millions of people, and growing, as Internet search companies launch ever more products based on techniques developed in IR research.The real world poses unique challenges for search algorithms. They operate at unprecedented scales, and over a wide diversity of information. In addition, we have entered an unprecedented world of "Adversarial Information Retrieval". The lure of billions of dollars of commerce, guided by search engines, motivates all kinds of people to try all kinds of tricks to get their sites to the top of the search results.What techniques do people use to defeat IR algorithms? What are the evaluation challenges for a web search engine? How much impact has IR had on search engines? How does Google serve over 250 Million queries a day, often with sub-second response times? This talk will show that the world of algorithm and system design for commercial search engines can be described by two of Murphy's Laws: a) If anything can go wrong, it will, and b) If anything cannot go wrong, it will anyway.
8.3: Flexible Infrared Emitting ZnS:ErF3 Alternating Current Thin Film Electroluminescent Devices

We have developed ZnS:ErF3 electroluminescent thin films by pulsed laser ablation (PLD), which have been incorporated into flexible, inorganic alternating current thin film electroluminescent devices (ACTFELDs). The ZnS:ErF3 phosphor emits green at 550nm (4S3/24I15/2), and infrared at 980nm (2F7/24I11/2) and 1540nm (4I13/24I15/2). The fabricated devices could be flexed in tension and compression without mechanical failure or deterioration of optical output, and flex radii of a few centimeters are routinely achieved. Thus, the feasibility of an inorganic, flexible, electroluminescent device with both visible and infrared emission has been demonstrated. For 700nm thick phosphor films the threshold voltage was typically 140V. At 40V above threshold the radiant flux at 980nm was typically in the 7μW/cm2 range, and at 1540nm it was 23 μW/cm2. The corresponding phosphor field and conduction charge at 40 V above threshold was 2.1MV/cm and 5.23μC/cm2 respectively. Flexible devices were fabricated using molybdenum, tungsten and steel foils as substrates.
Organizational Health and Student Achievement in Tennessee Middle Level Schools

Although the successful middle level school was designed to address both the affective and cognitive development of young adolescents (NMSA, 2003), academic achievement is the outcome of paramount importance in the current political context of accountability, high-stakes testing, and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. In their efforts to reform, many middle level schools have implemented programmatic components like the teaming of teachers, advisory periods, and exploratory curricula. Few have truly explored the relationship between these structural changes and a school's organizational health. This mixed-methods study focuses on three dimensions of organizational health (teacher affiliation, resource support, and academic emphasis) and their rela tionship to academic performance. Findings indicate a positive relationship between a school's academic emphasis and students' academic performance. In an effort to more fully explore this finding, qualitative data are presented.
Endolymphatic Sac Tumors

Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELST) are slow-growing, locally aggressive, low-grade malignancies that originate from the epithelium of the endolymphatic duct and sac. ELST often present with sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo, which may mimic Meniere disease. Large tumors may present with additional cranial neuropathies. Management is primarily via microsurgical excision. Radiation therapy has a limited role for residual or unresectable disease. Early detection may enable hearing preservation techniques. ELST have an association with von Hippel-Lindau disease.
Some structural features of the antigenic groupings involved in the cross reaction of oat glucan with Type VIII horse antipneumococcal serum

Abstract Structural features of antigenic groupings of oat glucan involved in the cross reaction with Type VIII horese antipneumococcal serum were examined by quantitative hapten inhibition. Oligosaccharides of the cellodextrin series up to cellotetraose were examined and their molar inhibitory potency found to increase with the number of β(1→4) linked glucose units present. Employing mixed oligosaccharides as inhibitors possessing either terminal or subterminal β(1→4) linked glucose units, the cross reactive portion of anti-VIII could be shown to interact as well as terminal non-reducing cellodextrinyl groups. The pentameric structural unit of oat glucan possessing a sequence of four glucosyl residues joined through three consecutive β(1→4) linkages probably provides the internal groupings largely responsible for cross reactivity with anti-VIII.
The Influence of Salt on the Changes Taking Place in Storage Butter

Summary 1. Salt, exclusive of its antiseptic property, hastened the deterioration of the butter. 2. When stored at —15°F., unsalted butter kept as well as salted butter. 3. The bacteria in the unsalted butter decreased more rapidly at —15°F., than they did in the salted butter and increased more rapidly at 58°F. 4. The acidity of the unsalted and the salted butter increased uniformly at —15°F. but at 58°F. the increase was greater in the unsalted butter. 5. Moisture was lost from the salted butter but not from the unsalted at —15°F. 6. Little if any relationship existed between the bacteria, the acidity, and the score in this butter.
Neutralizing activity and protective immunity to ricin toxin conferred by B subunit (RTB)-specific Fab fragments

SylH3 and 24B11 are murine monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes on ricin toxin's binding (RTB) subunit that have been shown to passively protect mice against ricin challenge. Here we report that Fab fragments of SylH3 and 24B11 neutralize ricin in a cell based assay, and in a mouse challenge model as effectively as their respective full length parental IgGs. These data demonstrate that immunity to ricin can occur independent of Fc-mediated clearance.
Cerebrovascular disease and late-life depression: a latent-variable analysis of depressive symptoms after stroke.

Objective The author used a structural-equation modeling approach to examine depression symptom endorsement between geriatric stroke patients and general-medical geriatric patients. From the literature related to cerebrovascular disease and depression, he predicted that geriatric stroke patients would be more likely to endorse symptoms of withdrawal and affective flattening, and less agitation. Methods Data from 576 geriatric rehabilitation patients were utilized (N=176 with stroke). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Geriatric Depression Scale was conducted to determine the optimal factor structure for examining symptom endorsement differences between the two groups. MIMIC (Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes) model analyses were incorporated to examine group differences in depression severity and symptom-cluster endorsement. Results Results indicate that stroke patients did not demonstrate greater depression severity. There were no differences in endorsement of depressive mood. However, stroke patients were more likely to endorse social withdrawal and less likely to endorse agitation symptoms. Conclusions The current results suggest that geriatric stroke patients were more likely, after controlling for depression severity, to endorse greater social withdrawal and less agitation, but not depressed mood. These findings have implications for the types of symptoms evaluated in the context of geriatric stroke and depression.
The life history, foliage damage, and control of the balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Fraser fir christmas tree plantations of western North Carolina.

Mindarus abietinus Koch causes leaf-curl and shoot-stunting of the new foliage of Fraser fir in North Carolina. Although this injury usually has a minimal impact on the trees' health and vigor, the injury can reduce the aesthetic quality and hence the marketability of Christmas trees. The overwintering egg gives rise to the fundatrix in late March. In May and June the fundatriginia and sexuparae appear. In June the sexuales are produced and by late June oviposition has occurred. The egg remains dormant until the following spring. The within-crown distribution of the various life stages is presented. Most of the injury can be minimized by maintaining vigorous growth, and timing necessary insecticide applications. Under most circumstances chemical control should only be considered during the last year or two before harvest. Dimethoate, pirimicarb, acephate, or chlorpyrifos will provide adequate control after egg hatch but before bud break.
Methods for 3-D vector microcavity problems involving a planar dielectric mirror

Abstract We develop and demonstrate two numerical methods for solving the class of open cavity problems, that involve a curved, cylindrically symmetric conducting mirror facing a planar dielectric stack. Such dome-shaped cavities are useful due to their tight focusing of light onto the flat surface. The first method uses the Bessel wave basis. From this method evolves a two-basis method, which ultimately uses a multipole basis. Each method is developed for both the scalar field and the electromagnetic vector field and explicit “end user” formulas are given. All of these methods characterize the arbitrary dielectric stack mirror entirely by its 2 × 2 transfer matrices for s- and p-polarization. We explain both theoretical and practical limitations to our method. Non-trivial demonstrations are given, including one of a stack-induced effect (the mixing of near-degenerate Laguerre–Gaussian modes) that may persist arbitrarily far into the paraxial limit. Cavities as large as 50 λ are treated, far exceeding any vectorial solutions previously reported.
Groundwater governmentality: hegemony and technologies of resistance in Rajasthan's (India) groundwater governance

Globally, decentralisation has become the dominant paradigm for environmental governance. This paper explores the linkages between green governmentality approaches to subjectivity and Gramscian notions of hegemony to examine recent efforts in Rajasthan, India to decentralise groundwater governance through targeted formal regulations and outreach activities, such as water awareness campaigns (Jal Abhiyaan). The latter seeks to alter the beliefs and practices of farmers by institutionalising their support for state groundwater conservation efforts, including privatisation. The paper draws on household surveys and interviews with farmers and government agents to examine the relationship between the political economic motivations for and practices of state subject-making and differential resistance to these efforts based on farmers’ multiple subject positions. Findings suggest, first, that the state is motivated through its monetary and advisory relationship with donor agencies, such as the World Bank. Through both outreach activities and coercion, it attempts to gain ‘consent’ for its proposals, which devolve state control rather than truly decentralising decision-making, to make self-conducting and willing subjects of specifically neoliberal groundwater conservation. But, second, these attempts are being resisted by some farmers through protests, informal discussions, non-participation, and the collectivisation of access to groundwater and irrigation through irrigation partnerships. Third, resistance to these efforts, or support for them, is different between farmers based on their multiple subjectivities (caste, class and ecological conditions). The paper advances both our understanding of the processes of environmental subject-making and of the devolution of environmental governance, by integrating the lessons from governmentality and Gramscian approaches to social power and subjectivity.
Light-fermion mass hierarchy and grand unification

We show that the existence of a hierarchy of masses among light fermions, with typical mass ratios (..cap alpha../..pi..) (where ..cap alpha.. is the unified gauge coupling at the unification mass scale), is a natural feature of a certain class of grand unification schemes that have recently been discussed.
Supramolecular Chemistry: A Capstone Course

A fourth-year capstone course offers students an opportunity to integrate topics covered in the core disciplinary courses, to learn an advanced interdisciplinary topic, and to approach unfamiliar problems and literature. This article describes a fourth-year capstone course designed to incorporate components of faculty lectures, student seminars, and original, hands-on research projects in order to cover the topic of supramolecular chemistry in one semester with unusual depth. This approach should be applicable to other advanced topics in chemistry.
Isotopic magnesium abundances in stars.

Les spectres a haute resolution du systeme MgH A-X pres de 5130 A fournissent les rapports d'abondance isotopique de 25 Mg/ 24 Mg et 26 Mg/ 24 Mg, pour un echantillon d'etoiles incluant plusieurs etoiles naines et geantes du vieux disque, une etoile baryum classique et une mixte, et une geante faible de la bande G
Phospholipid Metabolism in Cells from Highly Luteinized Rat Ovaries

Collagenase-dispersed cells from superovulated rat ovaries were studied to determine whether LH induces acute changes in ovarian polar lipid metabolism. Exposure of cell suspensions to LH (1 μg/ml) for 2 h caused no change in cell lipid phosphorus content. In vitro incorporation of 32P, [U-14C]glucose and [l-14C]oleate into the phospholipid fractions of cells was not altered by LH, but a small, significant increase in [U-14C]acetate incorporation into total polar lipids was induced by LH. In all studies with labeled compounds, phosphatidylcholine, the predominant phospholipid in superovulated rat ovaries, was most heavily labeled. With 14C-labeled acetate, oleate and glucose, phosphatidylethanolamine, the second most prominent phospholipid, was the second most labeled class, but with 32P, the phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine fraction contained the second greatest radioactivity. LH had no effect upon distribution of 32P, [U-14C]glucose or [l-14C]oleate into various phospholipids. LH produced small i...
Studies on Carcinoembryonic and Related Antigens in Malignant Tumours of Colon‐Rectum

Antisera against perchloric acid extract of adenocarcinomas of the large bowel were produced in four rabbits. The activity of these tumour antisera were further characterized. Antibodies were demonstrated against antigenic determinants on two proteins with β-mobility, referred to as βI and βE The βI-protein possessed antigens which were found to be identical to GOLD's CEA.βE as well as βI-antigens were demonstrated by immune-diffusion experiments in all the twelve tumour extracts which were tested. The amount of tumour associated β-proteins varied more than ten-fold in different tumour extracts. Absorption experiments showed that the βE-protein was present also in the non-tumour extract in small amounts, but no evidence was obtained that the non-tumour extract possessed βI- or CEA-protein. Observations are presented which indicate that the βI-molecules, in addition to specific antigenic sites, also possess antigenic determinants which seems to be shared by the βE-molecules. The two proteins show great electrophoretic heterogeneity, but no polymorphism was detected in the β-globulins by antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis. The four antisera also showed activity against a third protein which was not further characterized.
Currarino triad associated with hirschsprung’s disease

The Currarino syndrome is a rare hereditary condition. The major symptom is chronic constipation from early life, and, in more than 80% of the cases, this condition is diagnosed in the first decade. The authors describe an unusual case of a complete Currarino triad associated with Hirschsprung's disease in a 6-year-old girl, presenting persistent constipation and abdominal distension. The patient is free of symptoms after surgical treatment of anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung's disease. The presacral mass was excised. Complete screening of the pelvis is recommended by using ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scan, and radiography in patients with a history of chronic constipation from early childhood.
Expedient Synthesis of Norbenzomorphan Library via Multicomponent Assembly Process Coupled with Ring-Closing Reactions

A 124-member norbenzomorphan library has been prepared utilizing a novel multicomponent assembly process (MCAP) followed by a variety of ring-closing reactions to generate norbenzomorphan scaffolds that were readily derivatized via a series of aryl halide cross-coupling and nitrogen functionalization reactions. Biological screening has revealed some novel activities that have not been previously associated with this class of compounds.
Effect of crude peanut oil extracts of brown fat on metabolism of white rat.

SummaryIt would appear that in these experiments the intra-peritoneal injection of crude peanut oil extracts of the brown fat of the woodchuck and the thirteen-lined ground squirrel produced a lowering of the heat production of the white rat either at once or after 1 or 2 days (as measured by the oxygen consumption). Such effects, with one exception, were not produced by the injection of peanut oil alone.
Risk Assessment of Essential Trace Elements: New Approaches to Setting Recommended Dietary Allowances and Safety Limits

By definition, every essential trace element must have a range of intakes safe from toxicity but adequate enough to meet nutrition requirements. That range is part of the total dose—response curve and its lower and upper limits are delineated on the basis of nutrition and toxicology data, respectively. Close coordination of activities to set these limits is necessary to avoid recommendations that are either impractical (narrow zones of safe and adequate intakes) or contradictory (overlapping limits, i.e., no zones of safe and adequate intakes).
Regular aerobic exercise, without weight loss, improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in overweight and obese adults.

Lifestyle modification in the form of weight reduction by caloric restriction alone or in combination with regular aerobic exercise significantly improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in overweight and obese adults. We determined whether regular aerobic exercise, independent of weight loss, improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in overweight and obese adults. Twenty overweight and obese adults (age 53 ± 1 years; BMI: 30.2 ± 0.8 kg/m2) were studied before and after a 3-month aerobic exercise training intervention. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses were determined (via plethysmography) in response to intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. There were no changes in body mass or composition with the intervention. FBF responses to acetylcholine were ∼35% higher (P < 0.01) after (4.1 ± 0.9 to 14.7 ± 4.3 ml/100 ml tissue/min) compared with before (4.2 ± 0.8 to 11.0 ± 3 ml/100 ml tissue/min) exercise training. FBF responses to sodium nitroprusside were unchanged. These results indicate that regular aerobic exercise improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in overweight and obese adults, independent of changes in body mass or composition.
Distinct hypermethylation patterns occur at altered chromosome loci in human lung and colon cancer.

Abstract Regional increases in DNA methylation occur in normally unmethylated cytosine-rich areas in neoplastic cells. These changes could potentially alter chromatin structure to inactivate gene transcription or generate DNA instability. We now show that, in human lung and colon cancer DNA, hypermethylation of such a region consistently occurs on chromosome 17p in an area that is frequently reduced to homozygosity in both tumor types. Over the progression stages of colon neoplasia, this methylation change increases in extent and precedes the allelic losses on 17p that are characteristic of colon carcinomas. We also show on chromosome 3p that regional hypermethylation may nonrandomly accompany chromosome changes in human neoplasia. Increased methylation is consistent in small-cell lung carcinoma DNA at two 3p loci that are constantly reduced to homozygosity in this tumor, but it is not seen in colon cancer DNA, in which these loci are infrequently structurally altered.
A comparison of serum retinol concentration between human and different species of normo and hypercholesterolemic nonhuman primates fed semi-purified diets with defined amounts of vitamin A

Abstract 1. 1. Serum retinol and total cholesterol concentrations were determined in several species of nonhuman primates fed semipurified diets. Two species of Old World and three species of New World nonhuman primates were examined. 2. 2. Retinol levels were significantly lower (up to four-fold) in the serum of the smaller New World than the larger Old World animals and the difference could not be explained by differences in dietary make-up. 3. 3. Cholesterol levels were not different between the groups but differed within a species when type of dietary fat was altered. 4. 4. Differences in circulating levels of retinol may reflect differences in levels of retinol binding protein between the groups.
Evidence for Dislocation Breakaway in Pure Aluminum

Attention is called to the very rapid increase in acoustic attenuation at low strains, and it is pointed out that this effect has been observed only in the highpurity almost single-crystal sample. It is proposed that this rapid attenuation increase at very low strain is an example of dislocation''breakaway'' and that the effect is caused by an increase in dislocation loop length arising when the dislocations free themselves from relatively weak pinning,; at low strains. (A.C.)
Simulation der durch Kraftstoffeindampfung unterstuetzten Regeneration von Dieselpartikelfiltern

Dieselpartikelfilter (DPF) muessen regelmaessig regeneriert werden. Dies kann zum einen durch eine abhaengig vom Fahrprofil aktive Regeneration durch Erhoehung der Temperatur im DPF alle 600 bis 1.000 km zum anderen durch eine aussermotorische Temperaturerhoehung mittels eines Kraftstoffverdampfers erfolgen. Im Beitrag erfolgt eine Beschreibung des Kraftstoffverdampfers. Mit dem Kraftstoffverdampfer kann die aktive DPF-Regeneration durch direkte Zufuhr von Kohlenwasserstoffen in die Abgasanlage robust und zuverlaessig initiiert werden. Die Reaktionszeit ist dabei deutlich kuerzer als bei der motorischen Regeneration. Vorgestellt wird eine Simulationsmethode, mit der die Ausbreitung des Dieseldampfes und die anschliessende Waermefreisetzung im Katalysator detailliert untersucht werden kann. Das transiente Verhalten wird dabei beruecksichtigt. Somit kann der gesamte Beladungs- und Regenerationszyklus im Vorfeld waehrend der Entwicklung sicher bestimmt werden.