cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid High- T Decompression Recorded by Archean Granulites in the Northern Wyoming Province: Insights from Petrological Modelling

This study places new constraints on the pressure-temperature (P–T) path and duration of high-temperature (HT) metamorphism recorded by Archean granulite-facies metasedimentary rocks from the northern Wyoming Province in the eastern Beartooth Mountains, MT and WY, USA. These rocks exist as m- to km-scale xenoliths within a c. 2.8 Ga calc-alkaline granitoid batholith. Different interpretations of the timing of HT metamorphism relative to batholith intrusion in previous works has led to ambiguity over the mechanism by which these rocks were heated (i.e. batholith intrusion vs. a later, cryptic event). The P–T path recorded by these rocks and the duration of this path may be indicative of the heating mechanism but are not currently well constrained. Here we combine phase equilibria thermobarometry and diffusion modelling of major element zonation in garnet in order to constrain the P–T path of HT metamorphism and the durations of different parts of this path. It is shown that these rocks record a tight, clockwise P–T path characterized by near-isobaric heating at ~6.5-7 kbar to ˜770-800 °C, HT decompression to ~6 kbar, 780-800 °C, followed by limited decompression while cooling. Diffusion modelling of major element zonation in garnet suggests that HT decompression was brief (likely <1 Ma), and that cooling rates following this decompression were on the order of 10-100 °C/Ma. Substantial changes in apparent thermal gradient along this P–T path indicate that the rocks record a significant but short-lived thermal anomaly that occurred in the Wyoming mid-crust in the Late Archean. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Brain metastases: radiosurgery

Stereotactic radiosurgery has revolutionized the management of brain metastases. It delivers focused, highly conformal, ionizing radiation to a tumor delineated using high-resolution imaging, with low toxicity to adjacent brain structures. Randomized controlled and prospective trials have demonstrated a survival advantage and high local control rates after stereotactic radiosurgery for metastatic disease to the central nervous system, including for up to 10 brain metastases. Its minimal-access nature makes it an attractive alternative to surgical resection. Furthermore, in addition to chemotherapy, newer targeted therapies and immunotherapies with improved side-effect profiles allow for the concurrent delivery of systemic therapy with radiosurgery, with possible additive or synergistic effects, expediting the treatment of both extracranial and intracranial disease. The modern management of brain metastasis patients should include consideration of routine staging and surveillance magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients with higher-stage cancer to detect intracranial metastases earlier and treat promptly with radiosurgery in order to prevent the development of neurologic symptoms and the need for surgical resection.
Healthy Choices for Every Body Adult Curriculum Improves Participants' Food Resource Management Skills and Food Safety Practices.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the University of Kentucky's Healthy Choices for Every Body (HCEB) adult nutrition education curriculum on participants' food resource management (FRM) skills and food safety practices. Methods A quasi-experimental design was employed using propensity score matching to pair 8 intervention counties with 8 comparison counties. Independent-samples t tests and ANCOVA models compared gains in FRM skills and food safety practices between the intervention and comparison groups (n = 413 and 113, respectively). Results Propensity score matching analysis showed a statistical balance and similarities between the comparison and intervention groups. Food resource management and food safety gain scores were statistically significantly higher for the intervention group (P Conclusions and Implications The HCEB curriculum was effective in improving the FRM skills and food safety practices of participants.
ERG-Findings in Clinical and Experimental Metallosis

As early as 1860 von Graefe described the occurrence of special lesions of the eyeball not attributable to injuries but consequent upon the entering of a foreign metal body into the eye. Also in 1890 Bunge introduced the term ‘Siderosis bulbi’. Since then numerous papers have dealt with the study of the histological lesions of the eyeball due to the intraocular presence of a foreign body (Bunge, 1890; Meller, 1913; Verhoff, 1918; Kurz and Henkind, 1965; Goldsmith, 1962 and others).
The US Healthcare Facilities Management Industry's State of Hiring from Facilities Management Academic Programs

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to better understand the current state of US healthcare FM industry hiring practices from FM academic programs. A national survey was distributed to healthc...
A bounded linear extension operator for L2,p(R2)

Let L2,p(R2) be the Sobolev space of real-valued functions on the plane whose Hessian belongs to Lp. For any finite subset E?R2 and p>2, let L2,p(R2)|E be the space of real-valued functions on E, equipped with the trace seminorm. In this paper we construct a bounded linear extension operator T:L2,p(R2)|E?L2,p(R2). We also provide an explicit formula that approximates the L2,p(R2)|E trace seminorm.
Sudden Surges and Macroprudential Policies

This paper estimates the unconditional probability of a sudden surge in private credit and investigates the extent to which macroprudential policies impact the duration of the period preceding such...
Effect of Urea and Nano-Nitrogen Fertigation and Foliar Application of Nano-Boron and Molybdenum on some Growth and Yield Parameters of Potato

Investigating the effect of urea and nano-nitrogen fertigation and foliar application of nano B and Mo on growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L. [Rivera-A]. The study was conducted in a private farm located in the Al-Taleah area - Babylon governorate. The experiment consisted of (12) treatments consisting of separated fertigation of nano nitrogen (25% N) and urea (46% N), single treatments of leaf spraying of nano Mo (5%), Nano B (9%), nano-binary combinations (Mo+B) and (U+ Nano Mo), (U+Nano B), Nano (N+Mo), Nano (N+B), and tricombination treatments of (U+Mo+B), Nano (N+Mo+B) additional to the control treatment. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) and one way simple experiment with three replicates. Fertilizers were applied at levels of 40 liters h-1 of Nano-N fertilizer (25% N) and 300 kg h-1 urea fertilizer (46% N). They were sprayed early in the morning after (40) days after planting four times. Two weeks is the period between an application and another according to the recommendation of (1) kg h-1 nano-fertilizer of (B) and (500) g h-1 of Mo. Fertilizers were injected and sprayed at (10, 20, 30 and 40)% of the total amount of the fertilizer were applied as the first, second, third and fourth applications, respectively. Some growth traits were tested including the chlorophyll content in the leaves, the total dry vegetative yild, the soft tubers yield, and the biological yield, proteins and ascorbic acid yield compared to the control (spray water only). The results of the Duncan test showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits of nano-tricombination (N+Mo+B) in the fresh tubers yield, dry vegetative yield , the biological yield, starch yield ,the total protein and ascorbic yield (37.53, 1.799, 8.138,4.152 , 481.3and 653.8 meg ha-1) respectively .compare to control (21.58 , 0.890, 4.463 ,2.323 , 366.1 and 215.5 meg ha-1) respectively.
Understanding the interplay of surface structure and work function in oxides: A case study on SrTiO3

The work function is one of the most fundamental surface properties of a material, and understanding and controlling its value is of central importance for manipulating electron flow in applications ranging from high power vacuum electronics to oxide electronics and solar cells. Recent computational studies using Density Functional Theory (DFT) have demonstrated that DFT-calculated work function values for metals tend to agree well (within about 0.3 eV on average) with experimental values. However, a detailed validation of DFT-calculated work functions for oxide materials has not been conducted and is challenging due to the complex dipole structures that can occur on oxide surfaces. In this work, we have focused our investigation on the widely studied perovskite SrTiO3 as a case study example. We find that DFT can accurately predict the work function values of clean and reconstructed SrTiO3 surfaces vs experiment at about the same level of accuracy as metals when direct comparisons can be made. Furthermore, to aid in understanding the factors governing the work function of oxides, we have performed systematic studies on the influence of common surface features, including surface point defects, doping, adsorbates, reconstructions, and surface steps, on the work function. The relationships between the surface structure and work function for SrTiO3 identified here may be qualitatively applicable to other complex oxide materials.
The Community Education Program: A Reflection on Good Practice in the USA

This good practice essay puts the Community Education Program (CEP) as a focus for comparison between West Virginia (USA) and Germany/European Union (EU). The essay is a combination of reflections on qualification frameworks, learning outcomes, lifelong learners/learning, transnational organisations, the Scottish Framework, a number of good practices, and accreditation from a research and practical perspective. Despite substantial research efforts, a national qualifications framework (NQF) or accrediting body for the CEP could not be identified in the US. The goal is to continue research on a national and international level. In the meantime, the good practice efforts, established through various features, continue to apply.
Underutilization of Acetaminophen in Older Adult Trauma Patients

IntroductionOlder adults are more vulnerable to opioid-associated morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and timing of acetaminophen and opioid use in the postoperative...
Energy-efficient Velocity Control for Massive Numbers of Rotary-Wing UAVs: A Mean Field Game Approach

When a disaster happens in a metropolitan area, wireless communication systems in the area are highly affected, degrading the efficiency of the search and rescue (SAR) mission. An emergency wireless network must be deployed quickly and efficiently to preserve human lives. Teams of low-altitude rotarywing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are useful as on-demand temporal wireless networks because they are generally faster to deploy, flexible to reconfigure, and able to provide good communication services with short line-of-sight links. However, rotary-wing UAVs’ limited on-board batteries require that they need to recharge and reconFigure frequently during a mission. Therefore, we formulate the velocity control problem for massive numbers of rotary-wing UAVs as a Schrodinger bridge problem which can describe the frequent reconfiguration of UAVs. Then we transform it into a mean field game and solve it with the Gprox primal dual hybrid gradient (PDHG) method. Finally, we show the efficiency of our algorithm and analyze the influence of wind dynamics with numerical results.
The Astrocyte in Liver Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the significance of astrocytes in the case of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). During HE, the astrocyte initially has the appearance of a hypertrophic cell, but it subsequently develops degenerative alterations. It is during this latter phase that the astrocyte has the appearance of the Alzheimer type II cell. Because astrocytes have clearly been shown to be the cells where ammonia is metabolized, it is understood that the astrocyte change is the morphological expression of its involvement in ammonia metabolism—initially undergoing hypertrophy (and possibly hyperplasia) in an attempt to detoxify ammonia. Subsequently, degenerative changes develop, possibly resulting from bioenergetic failure incurred by the process of ammonia detoxification. Subsequently, normal astroglial functions are not being performed, thus, leading to defective CNS function. Sadly, the etiology and pathogenesis of HE are not known.The principal, and frequently the only, histopathological alteration in the brain of patients dying from HE is an alteration in astrocytes known as the Alzheimer type II change. Neuronal changes remain absent. It has been observed that in hematoxylin–eosin preparations, this altered astrocyte is characterized by a chromatin-poor, vacuolated, enlarged, and frequently lobulated nucleus. There have been very few reports on electron microscopy of hepatic encephalopathy in humans; in a study of a cortical biopsy portocaval shunt of a patient revealed that the most important changes occurred in astrocytes. The nuclei were enlarged and irregular and contained coarse chromatin. The amount of cytoplasm was increased and numerous ribosomes were present. The processes of these cells were broadened, and there was an increased amount of glycogen.
Rank Order Data and the Choice of a Correlation Input to Confirmatory Factor Analysis

The consequences of factoring alternative correlation matrices are investigated assuming ordinal scale data. LISREL maximum likelihood solution algorithm is used for estimation. A single-factor model with a priori assigned loading values is studied via a simulation design. The performances of four selected correlation procedures, product-moment, polychoric, Spearman’s rho, and Kendall’s tau-b are compared under various design conditions. Implications of the study results are discussed.
The Participatory Turn: Participatory Budgeting Comes to America

This article develops two conceptual models, based on empirical data, for assessing deliberation and decision making within United States adoptions of Participatory Budgeting (PB). The first model is results oriented whereas the second model is process oriented. The two models evince the tension between inclusiveness and efficiency that emerge as U.S. PB tries accommodating the dual goals of improved short-term service delivery and democratic deepening. Each model satisfies one of these deliberate goals better. Results oriented deliberation is more effective at producing viable projects whereas process oriented is better at ensuring that all participants’ voices are heard. Variation suggests that decision-making in PBNYC exceeds citizens’ ability to make collective decisions with rational discourse. Rather, the structural conditions of district constitution, bureaucratic constraints, and facilitator skill impacted decision-making.
Tissue inflammation and nitric oxide-mediated alterations in cardiovascular function are major determinants of endotoxin-induced insulin resistance

Endotoxin (i.e. LPS) administration induces a robust inflammatory response with accompanying cardiovascular dysfunction and insulin resistance. Overabundance of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the vascular dysfunction. However, inflammation itself also induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. We sought to investigate whether the cardiovascular dysfunction induced by increased NO availability without inflammatory stress can promote insulin resistance. Additionally, we examined the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2), the source of the increase in NO availability, in modulating LPS-induced decrease in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake (MGU). The impact of NO donor infusion on insulin-stimulated whole-body and muscle glucose uptake (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), and the cardiovascular system was assessed in chronically catheterized, conscious mice wild-type (WT) mice. The impact of LPS on insulin action and the cardiovascular system were assessed in WT and global iNOS knockout (KO) mice. Tissue blood flow and cardiac function were assessed using microspheres and echocardiography, respectively. Insulin signaling activity, and gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers were also measured. NO donor infusion decreased mean arterial blood pressure, whole-body glucose requirements, and MGU in the absence of changes in skeletal muscle blood flow. LPS lowered mean arterial blood pressure and glucose requirements in WT mice, but not in iNOS KO mice. Lastly, despite an intact inflammatory response, iNOS KO mice were protected from LPS-mediated deficits in cardiac output. LPS impaired MGU in vivo, regardless of the presence of iNOS. However, ex vivo, insulin action in muscle obtained from LPS treated iNOS KO animals was protected. Nitric oxide excess and LPS impairs glycemic control by diminishing MGU. LPS impairs MGU by both the direct effect of inflammation on the myocyte, as well as by the indirect NO-driven cardiovascular dysfunction.
Cardiac tamponade: A complication of the transseptal technic of left heart catheterization resulting in a fatality

Abstract A case report of inadvertent right atrial perforation and fatal cardiac tamponade during transseptal left heart catheterization is recorded. Hazards of the procedure are reviewed. It is concluded that gross right atrial enlargement constitutes a strong relative contraindication to the use of this technic, and the reasons for this are outlined.
Interaction of a two-level atom with a stochastic electromagnetic field

A simple closed expression for the complete time behavior of a two-level «atom» interacting with a classical stochastic electromagnetic field is given. The answer for the energy of the atom as a function of time is in terms of a contour integral involving the power spectrum of the perturbing radiation. The cases of Lorentzian, Gaussian and «square» spectral-line profiles are compared; no significant difference in the time behavior is found in these three cases.
A Class of Learning Control Systems Using Statistical Decision Processes

The basic concept of learning control systems is introduced. Synthesis of learning control systems using statistical decision theory is discussed. Learning is needed if the a priori information is unknovn or incompletely known in an adaptive system. The controller will establish the necessary information for control during the system’s operation. Two types of learning, with external supervision and without external supervision, have been described. Several learning schemes, including both parametric and nonparametric approaches, have been proposed. Problems of possible computational difficulties and the convergence of learning processes are also discussed.
Summery: Conference on Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments

The August, 1966, Specialty Conference is summarized briefly. The distinction between stability analysis and dam design is restated. The empirical nature of the science of soil mechanics has been noted and the importance of slope measurements and their evaluation is stressed. It has been emphasized that the design of earth and rock dams is a continuing process throughout construction. Computers can serve as powerful tools when used properly.
Point Processes, Dynamic

This article deals with the specification and estimation of the intensity rate of point processes. The dynamics can include an arbitrary number of changes of level or modeling the intensity rate as a continuous function of exogenous variables. For discrete change points, the change points can be specified online as the process is observed or in advance with techniques that allow for the estimation of number and time location of changes. The classes of conditional duration models or autoregressive conditional duration models allow direct modeling of the intensity rate of a point process. In spatial dynamic point processes, changes may be governed by topology of the region. Keywords: change point; intensity rate; spatial distribution; conditional duration models
Reasoning about knowledge: a tutorial

In this tutorial talk, we will first review the standard possible-worlds definition of knowledge. We then give a method of modelling interactive systems as sets of runs, where a run is a complete description of what happens in the system over time. This appraoch is applicable to modelling a wide range of phenomena, including distributed protocols, games, and conversations. We show how to interpret knowledge in a distributed system and use this approach to analyze the coordinated attack problem. All the material in this talk is taken from [HF85,HM84] and the overview paper [Hal87].
Distinct decalcification process of dentin by different cariogenic organic acids: Kinetics, ultrastructure and mechanical properties.

Abstract Objectives We studied artificial dentin lesions in human teeth generated by lactate and acetate buffers (pH 5.0), the two most abundant acids in caries. The objective of this study was to determine differences in mechanical properties, mineral density profiles and ultrastructural variations of two different artificial lesions with the same approximate depth. Methods 0.05 M (pH 5.0) acetate or lactate buffer was used to create 1) 180 μm-deep lesions in non-carious human dentin blocks (acetate 130 h; lactate 14days); (2) demineralized, ∼180 μm-thick non-carious dentin discs (3 weeks). We performed nanoindentation to determine mechanical properties across the hydrated lesions, and micro X-ray computed tomography (MicroXCT) to determine mineral profiles. Ultrastructure in lesions was analyzed by TEM/selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Demineralized dentin discs were analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Results Diffusion-dominated demineralization was shown based on the linearity between lesion depths versus the square root of exposure time in either solution, with faster kinetics in acetate buffer. Nanoindentation revealed lactate induced a significantly sharper transition in reduced elastic modulus across the lesions. MicroXCT showed lactate demineralized lesions had swelling and more disorganized matrix structure, whereas acetate lesions had abrupt X-ray absorption near the margin. At the ultrastructural level, TEM showed lactate was more effective in removing minerals from the collagenous matrix, which was confirmed by SAXS analysis. Conclusions These findings indicated the different acids yielded lesions with different characteristics that could influence lesion formation resulting in their distinct predominance in different caries activities, and these differences may impact strategies for dentin caries remineralization.
Synthesis of a N-Mesityl Substituted Aminoindanol-Derived Triazolium Salt

2,4,6-Trimethylaniline Hydrogen chloride Sodium nitrite Tin(II) chloride dihydrate Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate Hydrogen chloride, dioxane solution 2-Mesitylhydrazinium chloride Chlorobenzene Triethyl orthoformate (5aR,10bS)-5a,10b-Dihydro-2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4H,6H-indeno[2,1b]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-d]-1,4-oxazinium chloride Keywords: triazolium salt; reactive pathway; N-Mesityl carbene; stereoselective annulations; N-Mesityl substituted triazolium salts; sandmeyer approach
Climate Variability and Change since 850 CE: An Ensemble Approach with the Community Earth System Model

AbstractThe climate of the past millennium provides a baseline for understanding the background of natural climate variability upon which current anthropogenic changes are superimposed. As this period also contains high data density from proxy sources (e.g., ice cores, stalagmites, corals, tree rings, and sediments), it provides a unique opportunity for understanding both global and regional-scale climate responses to natural forcing. Toward that end, an ensemble of simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) for the period 850–2005 (the CESM Last Millennium Ensemble, or CESM-LME) is now available to the community. This ensemble includes simulations forced with the transient evolution of solar intensity, volcanic emissions, greenhouse gases, aerosols, land-use conditions, and orbital parameters, both together and individually. The CESM-LME thus allows for evaluation of the relative contributions of external forcing and internal variability to changes evident in the paleoclimate data record, a...
Abstract CN06-03: Pediatric obesity research: a transdisciplinary approach

CN06-03 Energy balance has been defined as the integrated effects of diet, physical activity, and genetics on growth and body weight over the life course, including links to cancer and other co-morbidities. Pediatric obesity is thus a complex field that involves interactions between psychosocial, environmental, neurobiological and metabolic pathways. To understand what drives obesity and related behaviors in minority at-risk adolescent populations, highly transdisciplinary approaches are therefore required. This talk will cover some approaches that have been successfully used to promote transdisciplinary research in pediatric obesity, some of the problems encountered to transdisciplinary work, and some possible solutions to those problems. Examples will be taken from series of increasingly transdisciplinary studies on pediatric obesity in minority youth. These studies draw from a wide range of disciplines including (but not limited to) biology, cancer and cancer biomarkers, metabolism, psychology, nutrition, exercise physiology, engineering, genetics, geography and entertainment, and represent first steps towards an integrated understanding of determinants and outcomes of pediatric obesity. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):CN06-03.
A comparison of methods for measuring flux gradients in type II superconductors

A comparison has been made of four methods of measuring the critical current density J c in hysteretic type II superconductors, having a wide range of κ and J c values, in magnetic fields up to 70 kOe. Two of the methods, (a) resistive measurements and (b) magnetization measurements, were carried out in static magnetic fields. The other two methods involved analysis of the response of the sample to a small alternating field superimposed on the static field. The response was analyzed either (c) by measuring the third-harmonic content or (d) by integration of the waveform to obtain a measure of flux penetration. The results are discussed with reference to the agreement between the different techniques and the consistency of the critical state hypothesis on which all these techniques are based. It is concluded that flux-penetration measurements by method (d) provide the most detailed information about J c but that one must be wary of minor failures of the critical state hypothesis. Best results are likely to be obtained by using more than one method.
Mature T-cell leukemias including T-prolymphocytic leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and Sézary syndrome.

The 2005 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop Session 1 was devoted to case presentations with discussions of 3 types of mature T-cell leukemias—T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and Sezary syndrome. These 3 disorders are clonal proliferations of postthymic αβ T cells that are often characterized by systemic manifestations and a leukemic blood picture. The application of clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic studies to the assessment and characterization of these 3 disorders is presented, along with specific diagnostic recommendations and differential diagnostic considerations.
Elevated Preoperative Glucose Levels and Survival in Elderly Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients (P07.111)

Objective: This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the relationship between preoperative glucose level and survival in elderly patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Background Hyperglycemia has been associated with poor outcomes in many disease states. Furthermore, hyperglycemia augments in vitro astrocytoma cell growth. Design/Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 315 GBM patients, treated between July, 1998 and June, 2010. 18% (58/315) of the patients with known diabetes were excluded. The analysis was performed based on a recursive partitioning. Results: 242 GBM patients with a median age of 74 (range 65-91) were included in the final analysis. Among patients with performance status data (88%, 214/242) 23% had a KPS of 90-100 preoperatively, in 44% KPS was 70-80, and 34% had KPS scores 70, age 70, age 90 mg/dL), group three (KPS>70, age>75, any glucose level), and group four (KPS Conclusions: In our study, higher preoperative glucose level was associated with decreased overall survival in elderly patients diagnosed with GBM. Strict glucose control may contribute to improved outcome in treatment of these patients. Disclosure: Dr. Stevens has received personal compensation for activities with UCB Pharma. Dr. Ahluwalia has received personal compensation for activities with Elekta, Monteris Medical, and Merl.
A survey-based methodology to determine information requirements for advanced traveler information systems

Abstract This paper discusses three nationwide surveys designed to obtain user information requirements for an advanced traveler information system (ATIS) and the ATIS portion of commercial vehicle operations (CVO). A description of the survey methodology for targeting the three populations—private vehicle drivers, commercial vehicle drivers, and commercial vehicle operators—is provided, as well as the implications for the design of ATIS based on driving behavior and preference. Analysis of the data from the 1,610 returned surveys revealed that commercial drivers and private drivers valued road and traffic information as the most important ATIS service, whereas commercial vehicle operators (or dispatchers) valued the ability to have two-way communication as most important. This study also revealed that dispatchers were willing to pay significantly more for an ATIS than drivers. Finally, the data indicated that, of the four main nationwide geographical areas considered in the survey, no differences in response to the survey questions were observed. Implications of the results for the design of ATIS are discussed.
Generalized Techniques of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters: Part II --- Voltage Control Techniques

Theoretical techniques of voltage control for the half-bridge and full-bridge inverters are derived based on the results in [1]. Detailed analytical results for the symmetrical pulsewidth modulation method of voltage control are also presented. Voltage control techniques are derived whereby harmonic elimination is possible in variable-frequency variable-voltage three-phase inverter circuits. The technique for the half-bridge inverter is optimized subject to the constraint of switching frequency of the SCR's, using the concepts of modern control theory. Variable-frequency variable-voltage sinusoidal output in three-phase inverters is possible by employing the techniques developed. The methods show great promise in application to variable-speed ac motor drive systems.
Liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase: inhibition and potentiation by histamine agonists and antagonists.

Summary 1. The in vitro effects of histamine, some other Hi- and H2-receptor agonists and some antagonists were studied on the specific activities and kinetics of rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and cytoplasmic and mitochondrial liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). 2. Histamine (H1- and H2-agonist) non-competitively inhibited ADH and ALDH, 2-(2-aminoethyl) pyridine (Hi-receptor agonist) non-competitively inhibited ADH. There were no changes of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial liver ALDH activities in the presence of 2-(2-aminoethyl) pyridine. 3. Betazole (H2-receptor agonist) produced a competitive inhibition of mitochondrial ALDH but not of ADH or cytoplasmic ALDH. 4. Diphenhydramine (H1-receptor antagonist) non-competitively inhibited ADH at a lower concentration. It stimulated mitochondrial ALDH activity without changes in cytoplasmic ALDH from control values. 5. Burimamide (H2-receptor antagonist) produced a biphasic and dose-dependent stimulation and non-competitive inhibition of ADH and it non-competitively inhibited ALDH in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions. Metiamide (H2-receptor antagonist) non-competitively inhibited all ADH and ALDH of both liver fraction studied. 6. It is concluded that liver ADH and ALDH activity can be altered by compounds which affect both Hi- and H2-histamine receptors and that these compounds may cause an in vivo potentiation and/or reduction of the toxic effect of ethanol.
The Motion and Boundary Between the Capricorn and Australian Plates

The motions between the Somalian, Antarctic, and Australian plates—the three plates believed to meet at the Rodrigues triple junction in the Indian Ocean—are inconsistent with the assumption that all three plates are rigid. The discrepancy is best explained if the Australian plate contains two component plates. Thus, the traditionally defined Indo-Australian plate consists of three component plates and multiple diffuse plate boundaries. The pattern of present deformation indicates that the boundaries between the three component plates are two unconnected zones accommodating divergence and a larger zone, which we interpret as three diffuse convergent plate boundaries and a diffuse triple junction.
Kinship and Dominance Rank Influence the Strength of Social Bonds in Female Geladas (Theropithecus gelada)

In many primates, close social relationships are associated with lower stress, better health, and increased life span. However, individuals do not form bonds indiscriminately; rather, they focus on a few primary partners. This suggests that the identity of the partner may be as important as the bond itself. Although dominance and kinship have repeatedly emerged as salient predictors of female relationships, most of this research comes from species with multimale, multifemale groups and strict dominance hierarchies. Further, kinship was typically determined based on either behavior or on known mother–daughter relationships alone. To understand the generality of previous findings, we use behavioral and genetic sampling to examine whether dominance rank and/or genetic relatedness mediate female social bonds in geladas (Theropithecus gelada) living in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. First, we found that, even though females in the same unit are closely related, female geladas still preferentially bond with the closest of these relatives. Second, females that were close kin formed the strongest bonds with females of similar rank to themselves. Finally, rank disparity predicted grooming rates but did not predict whether females were nearest neighbors. This suggests that, in contrast with data from other cercopithecines, spatial proximity among females may be less indicative of strong social bonds for geladas, a species that routinely exhibits a high degree of spatial overlap with extra-unit individuals. Together, these results highlight the importance of combining genetic data with detailed behavioral observations to help us understand how individuals choose and interact with social partners.
Blind(fold)ed by science: A constant target-heading angle is used in visual and nonvisual pursuit

Previous work investigating the strategies that observers use to intercept moving targets has shown that observers maintain a constant target-heading angle (CTHA) to achieve interception. Most of this work has concluded or indirectly assumed that vision is necessary to do this. We investigated whether blindfolded pursuers chasing a ball carrier holding a beeping football would utilize the same strategy that sighted observers use to chase a ball carrier. Results confirm that both blindfolded and sighted pursuers use a CTHA strategy in order to intercept targets, whether jogging or walking and irrespective of football experience and path and speed deviations of the ball carrier during the course of the pursuit. This work shows that the mechanisms involved in intercepting moving targets may be designed to use different sensory mechanisms in order to drive behavior that leads to the same end result. This has potential implications for the supramodal representation of motion perception in the human brain.
New aspects in the stabilization of acrylic fibers for carbon fibers

Abstract The kinetic and morphological influences of nitrogen, air and ammonia in the environment for stabilization of PAN-based precursors for carbon fibers have been investigated. A careful thermal analysis conducted earlier by Peebles et al., had identified ammonia to be a possible accelerator of the concerned reactions. The present study shows clearly that ammonia does increase the rate of stabilization, but the presence of oxygen with ammonia is essential to reach rapidly the “stabilized state,” suitable for carbonization. The preliminary results from X-ray scattering and elemental analyses also suggest that the influence of ammonia is not just to accelerate the stabilization reactions, but also to cause the reaction paths to be different.
The Monocentric Model and Employment Location

Abstract The monocentric urban model highlights the important link between transportation access and urban form. Yet as metropolitan areas have become increasingly multicentric, the monocentric model has been criticized on several levels. This paper tests an important assumption used in many monocentric models-namely that employment location is exogenous to population location within an urban area. Using data on population and employment changes in a group of New Jersey municipalities, this work shows that employment changes are endogenous to the population change in a surrounding labor market. This suggests that urban models should give more attention to the problem of employment location within metropolitan areas.
Homeostasis vs allostasis: implications for brain function and mental disorders.

Most drugs that alter mental function, whether for recreational purposes or to treat mental disorders, affect synaptic transmission. Some drugs reshape the action potential, altering release of neurotransmitter; others antagonize or enhance the effect of a neurotransmitter on its synaptic receptor protein. Still other drugs inhibit reuptake of the neurotransmitter from the extracellular space, thus prolonging its action at the synapse. This leads naturally to the idea that disorders of thought, attention, and mood are fundamentally disorders of the synapse. Moreover, it presents a rationale for treating mental disorders by pharmacotherapy of the synapse. The rationale follows the venerable model of physiological regulation, homeostasis, where each parameter is supposed to maintain a certain value. A higher or lower value is considered “inappropriate” and thus potentially both a cause of disorder and a logical target for therapeutic readjustment. Normal mental functioning supposedly requires various synaptic parameters to hold their set values, whereas mental disorders supposedly result from “inappropriate” values. Certain neurons might release too much transmitter; others might release too little. A transmitter’s action might be too weak or too strong; or it might be too brief or too prolonged. Such are the hypothetical “inappropriate” values that drugs are sup
Potential Anticancer Activity of Naturally Occurring and Semisynthetic Derivatives of Aculeatins A and B from Amomum aculeatum

Activity-guided fractionation of hexanes- and CHCl3-soluble extracts of Amomum aculeatum leaves, collected in Indonesia, led to the isolation of three new dioxadispiroketal-type (3–5) and two new oxaspiroketal-type (6 and 7) derivatives. Nine semi-synthetic derivatives (1a–1h and 2a) of the parent compounds, aculeatins A (1) and B (2), were prepared. All isolates and semi-synthetic compounds were tested against a small panel of human cell lines. Of these, aculeatin A (1; ED50 0.2–1.0 µM) was found to be among the most cytotoxic of the compounds tested, and was further evaluated in an in vivo hollow fiber assay, and found to be active against MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cells implanted intraperitoneally at doses of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. However, when 1 was tested using P388 lymphocytic leukemia and human A2780 ovarian carcinoma in vivo models, it was deemed to be inactive at the doses used.
The use of aqueous space markers to determine the mechanism of interaction between phospholipid vesicles and cells.

Abstract A method has recently been introduced that quantitates the extent of phospholipid vesicle-cell interactions by following the amount of a vesicle-entrapped water-soluble fluorescent probe, carboxyfluorescein (CF) that becomes cell associated (Weinstein, J.N., Yoshikami, S., Henkart, P., Blumenthal, R. and Hagins, W.A. (1977) Science 195, 489–492). We have characterized some of the properties of this probe in sonicated phospholipid vesicles. The CF undergoes a pH-dependent quenching as previously reported and both a pH- and temperature-dependent efflux from vesicles. Decreasing the pH from 7.4 to 5.0 results in almost a 100-fold increase in CF efflux from the vesicles. The simultaneous measurement of cell-associated tritiated lipid and CF fluorescence reveals a discrepancy between the two markers with the tritiated phospholipid becoming associated to a 5–10-fold greater extent than the CF. In the presence of cells the leakage of CF from vesicles increases from 1.5- to 10-fold depending on the vesicle composition. This data suggests that interpretations of cell-vesicle interactions followed by the CF technique or other aqueous space markers should be done with caution. However, in experiments where the leakage of CF from vesicles can be controlled, the technique can provide useful information.
Optimal scheduling of chiller plant with thermal energy storage using mixed integer linear programming

In this paper, we consider the optimal scheduling problem for a campus central plant equipped with a bank of multiple electrical chillers and a Thermal Energy Storage (TES). Typically, the chillers are operated in ON/OFF modes to charge the TES and supply chilled water to the campus. A bilinear model is established to describe the system dynamics. A model predictive control (MPC) problem is formulated to obtain optimal set-points to satisfy the campus cooling demands and minimize daily electricity costs. At each time step, the MPC problem is represented as a large-scale mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. We propose a heuristic algorithm to search for suboptimal solutions to the MINLP problem based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP), where the system dynamics is linearized along the simulated trajectories of the system. Simulation results show good performance and computational tractability of the proposed algorithm.
XXXVI. The absorption of heat produced by the emission of ions from hot bodies: II

(1913). XXXVI. The absorption of heat produced by the emission of ions from hot bodies: II. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 26, No. 153, pp. 472-476.
Synchronous small bowel and atypical primary leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava in a patient with RB1 mutation

A 72-year-old Caucasian man presenting with non-specific upper abdominal pain had asymmetric soft tissue thickening of the small bowel wall on computed tomography (CT), which was pathologically proven to be leiomyosarcoma (LMS). At the same time point patient had incidentally but retrospectively detected lesion in IVC on CT scan which was subsequently imaged with PET/CT and MRI and was histologically proven to be also LMS. We present clinical and imaging features along with pedigree of this unique case of synchronous primary LMS involving the small bowel and inferior vena cava in a patient with RB1 gene mutation and a significant family history of multiple malignancies. To our knowledge, the synchronous primary LMS at two different sites has not been described. Clinicians and radiologists should keep in mind the possibility of a synchronous primary LMS in patients with genetic predisposition before making the diagnosis of a metastatic lesion or other malignancy as localized primary tumors remain potentially curable, whereas metastatic sarcoma is most often incurable.
Influence of Pituitary Adrenotrophic Hormone on Lymphoid Tissue Structure in Relation to Serum Proteins.

SummaryDecrease of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue and the concomitant lymphopenia following injection of pituitary adrenotrophic hormone, or adrenal cortical extract, are in their time relationships correlated with an increase in serum proteins. These same relationships persist in animals given daily injections of adrenotrophic hormone. Adrenalectomized mice, in which hemoconcentration is prevented, have a lower than normal concentration of serum proteins for at least 8 days following operation.
Longitudinal modeling of cognitive aging and the TOMM40 effect.

Abstract Background TOMM40 (translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane pore subunit) is in linkage disequilibrium with apolipoprotein E ( APOE ). APOE e4 is linked to long (L; 21–29 T residues) poly-T variants within intron 6 of TOMM40 , whereas APOE e3 can be associated with either a short (S; 29 T residues) variant. To assess the possible contribution of TOMM40 to Alzheimer's disease onset, we compared the effects of TOMM40 and APOE genotype on preclinical longitudinal memory decline. Methods An APOE e4–enriched cohort of 639 cognitively normal individuals aged 21 to 97 years with known TOMM40 genotype underwent longitudinal neuropsychological testing every 2 years. We estimated the longitudinal effect of age on memory using statistical models that simultaneously modeled cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on the Auditory Verbal Learning Test Long-Term Memory score by APOE , TOMM40 , and the interaction between the two. Results There were significant effects overall for both TOMM40 (linear effect, P = .04; quadratic effect, P = .03) and APOE (linear effect, P = .06; quadratic effect, P = .008), with no significant interaction ( P = .63). In a piecewise model, there was a significant TOMM40 effect before age 60 years ( P = .009), characterized by flattened test–retest improvement (VL/VL subgroup only) but no significant APOE effect, and a significant APOE effect after age 60 years ( P = .006), characterized by accelerated memory decline (e4 carriers) but no significant TOMM40 effect. Conclusion Both TOMM40 and APOE significantly influence age-related memory performance, but they appear to do so independently of each other.
Anti-GAD Antibody Positive Stiff-Limb Syndrome in Multiple Myeloma

Although most cases of stiff-limb syndrome are unassociated with malignancy, occasional cases have been associated with breast and lung cancer. Only four reported patients have had cancer and stiff-limb syndrome associated with anti-GAD antibodies. We report the first case of stiff-limb syndrome in a patient with multiple myeloma undergoing treatment with thalidomide, and explore the potential link to the cancer and its treatment.