cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification of native forms of eel acetylcholinesterase: Active site determination

Abstract The 14 and 18 S forms of acetylcholinesterase from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus were purified by chromatography on an N -methyl-3-aminopyridinium derivative of Affi-Gel 202. a further increase in purity was seen when these forms were separated by density gradient sedimentation subsequent to the affinity step. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate demonstrated that the 14 and 18 S forms were highly purified following these procedures. Using [ 3 H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate labeling and separation of labeled enzyme from unreacted [ 3 H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate by gel filtration, active site numbers of 8.3 and 11.4 were determined for the 14 and 18 S forms, respectively. These numbers compare to 4.2 active sites determined for the 11.8 S globular form of acetylcholinesterase. These results are in accord with a proposed model of two and three tetrameric structures comprising the head groups of the 14 and 18 S forms of electric tissue acetylcholinesterase.
Impaired motion detection preceding smooth eye movements

Experiments have been carried out that suggest that the observed psychophysical impairment of motion detection in man may not occur equally over the entire visual field. Instead, if impaired motion detection is a consequence of redirection of 'attention' to another portion of the visual field, then movement detection may be impaired the most in the fovea and the least in the region of the subsequent target.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Screening of Macrocyclic Nucleotide‐Hybrid Compounds Targeted to Hepatitis C NS5B

A convergent strategy for the synthesis of cyclic nucleotide-hybrid molecules on controlled pore glass is reported. A major advantage of the approach is the lack of restrictions on the sequence and structural variation, allowing the incorporation of modified ribonucleosides (such as 2'-OMe-ribonucleotides), as well as threoninol derivatives. This methodology allows a fully automated assembly by means of standard phosphoramidite chemistry and is based on a recently published procedure for the preparation of cyclic oligodinucleotides in the DNA series (M. Smietana, E. T. Kool, Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, 3856-3859; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2002, 41, 3704-3707). A library of potential cyclic hybrid inhibitor compounds targeting hepatitis C virus NS5B enzyme (the replicating polymerase of HCV) was generated by means of the parallel-pool strategy. Screening of the library revealed that cyclic hybrid c(C(OME)EthenodA) was a significant inhibitor of NS5B, with an IC(50) of 40 microM. Preliminary structure-activity studies of this lead compound are described.
Through Ngoni Eyes: Margaret Read's matrilineal interpretations from Nyasaland

■ Drawing upon a significant amount of unpublished data which Margaret Read collected as a part of the 1939 Nyasaland Nutrition Survey and her simultaneous study on the impact of migrant labor on village life in Nyasa land, this article argues that her conclusions that matrilineal practices were being taken over by patrilineal ones is not borne out by the evidence she collected. As peoples in the three nutrition survey villages (Yao, Chewa and Ngoni) and in the surrounding areas experienced much interaction and as, especially, patrilineal Ngoni interacted with matrilineal Chewa, practices usually associated with one or another of these descent systems became mutually modified rather than uni directional. Aspects of patriliny actually failed to give advantage to many people, and aspects of matriliny - such as inheritance, rights to land, and control over labor and children - proved to be more durable than her interpretations implied.
Semantic Anomalies and Sentence Recognition

This report summarizes the results of an experiment in which Ss read for immediate recall sentences which either were meaningful or were constructed to be anomalous in particular ways. Three types ...
Stigmatized Workers & Identity Formation: Spiritual Healers of Botánicas in San Antonio

This paper addresses the moral and ethical implications of Carl Orff’s masterpiece Carmina Burana. I begin with a brief introduction, framing the paper and providing some general background about the piece’s importance. I then delve into discussions about the original writers of the Carmina text as well as some possible philosophical influence that these writers could have had on Orff. Next I present some information on Nazi Germany (in which Orff lived) including the philosophical basis of their cultural policy and some historical theories that explain the phenomenon of Nazi eugenics. I include a summary of my research regarding Orff’s connection to the Nazi party as well as some historical information on Orff and the Carmina. A thematic plot analysis of the piece follows and then I conclude with some comments about the information as a whole. Throughout the study of all of the aspects I come to the conclusion that Orff’s piece is layered with meaning, and is a fascinating study on the inner psyche of oppression and cynicism. The piece itself reflects many of the external factors acting upon it, but it stands on its own as a philosophical piece of art. Orff creates his own ethical system that is shaped around what appears to be a supremely hopeless worldview. I show the connections found in the piece to these external factors while examining Orff’s own ideas.
A study of the influence of local variations in myocardial thickness on SPECT perfusion imaging

The objective of this project was to study the impact of local variations in myocardial thickness on SPECT perfusion imaging using segmented high-resolution gated-CT data of the heart to define source distributions. High-resolution breath-hold gated CT data of 16 patients were obtained using a GE Lightspeed multi-slice CT system. Transverse slices (512/spl times/512) with x-y pixel size of 0.039 cm and a slice thickness of either 0.25 cm or 0.125 cm were segmented to obtain left-ventricular (LV) and right-ventricular (RV) myocardial walls for all time frames of the cardiac cycle. Polar maps of myocardial thickness were generated using radial and short-axis slices of the LV. Absolute quantitation was performed on the myocardium thickness polar maps. The segmented LV and RV were also incorporated in the gated MCAT phantom, and analytical SPECT projections generated using typical acquisition parameters. Projection data were folded down to 64/spl times/64 image matrices and reconstructed using FBP, 5 iterations of OSEM including attenuation compensation (AC), as well as 5 iterations of OSEM including AC and compensation for detector response (ACR). CEQUAL polar maps were generated and relative quantitative analysis performed. Results show there is considerable variation in wall thickness at the resolution of the CT studies. Apical thinning, papillary muscles, and apical to base shortening are clearly visible. AC and ACR give a more realistic perfusion distribution in the simulated MCAT patient data than FBP.
Equilibrium swelling and kinetics of pH-responsive hydrogels: models, experiments, and simulations

The widespread application of ionic hydrogels in a number of applications like control of microfluidic flow, development of muscle-like actuators, filtration/separation and drug delivery makes it important to properly understand these materials. Understanding hydrogel properties is also important from the standpoint of their similarity to many biological tissues. Typically, gel size is sensitive to outer solution pH and salt concentration. In this paper, we develop models to predict the swelling/deswelling of hydrogels in buffered pH solutions. An equilibrium model has been developed to predict the degree of swelling of the hydrogel at a given pH and salt concentration in the solution. A kinetic model has been developed to predict the rate of swelling of the hydrogel when the solution pH is changed. Experiments are performed to characterize the mechanical properties of the hydrogel in different pH solutions. The degree of swelling as well as the rate of swelling of the hydrogel are also studied through experiments. The simulations are compared with experimental results and the models are found to predict the swelling/deswelling processes accurately.
Evaluating the impact of P.L. 99-252 on decreasing smokeless tobacco use.

Literally, Public Law 99-252 (otherwise known as the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986) includes provisions that are informational in nature. Implicitly, however, this law is considered part of the federal effort in disease prevention and health promotion. This paper reviews the societal and legislative context of that act and presents a plan to evaluate the impact of this law on decreasing smokeless tobacco use. The uniqueness of this plan is its incorporation of nine disciplinary perspectives in the derivation of indicators to measure process, impact, and outcome measures for decreasing smokeless tobacco use. A basic prevention strategy is suggested by this interdisciplinary approach. In addition, specific lessons could be applied from the history of successes in public health to decreasing smokeless tobacco use.
The Relationship of Economic Growth to Inequality in the Distribution of Income

It is by now commonplace in Western Europe and the United States to note how difficult it will be in the future to stimulate the gains in economic growth to which we have become accustomed. Productivity is not increasing at its former rate; the cost of many important raw materials is escalating; externalities like pollution have to be dealt with; and expectations about transfer payments to the poor, the retired, the disabled, and other “victims”—payments that do not contribute in the most direct fashion possible to economic growth—are by now institutionalized.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Integrity of Beam Lead Devices and Bonds using Thermomechanical Stress Waves

A novel technique for either destructive or non-destructive evaluation of the mechanical integrity of beam lead transistors and integrated circuits has been demonstrated. A Febetron 705 flash electron beam machine was used to generate thermomechanical stress waves which were acoustically coupled to bonded beam lead devices. Computer aided stress wave analysis of the system was used to calculate the stresses generated in the individual beams. This allows prediction of failure modes and levels. Experimental results have demonstrated that failure modes can be related to device or bonding deficiencies, and reveal failures which cannot be easily obtained by other methods of testing.
Development and Testing of a Multilevel Chevron Actuator-Based Positioning System

We present the design, fabrication, and testing of a microscale positioning system. The system was designed in the SUMMiT V process to produce in-plane, bidirectional, micrometer-scale linear motion of a shuttle using a ratcheting mechanism and multilayered chevron actuators. A single latching system with oppositely faced ratchet teeth on either side of the shuttle is used for achieving the bidirectional actuation. The device has a smaller footprint and fewer electrical connections compared to similar devices, without compromising performance. Moreover, this device is capable of generating more force compared to previous devices. A LabVIEW-based optical characterization setup was developed for automated testing of the device. The device produced a maximum displacement of ~180 μm with a step size of 9 μm.
Otus: resource attribution in data-intensive clusters

Frameworks for large scale data-intensive applications, such as Hadoop and Dryad, have gained tremendous popularity.Understanding the resource requirements of these frameworks and the performance characteristics of distributed applications is inherently difficult. We present an approach, based on resource attribution, that aims at facilitating performance analyses of distributed data-intensive applications.This approach is embodied in Otus, a monitoring tool to attribute resource usage to jobs and services in Hadoop clusters.Otus collects and correlates performance metrics from distributed components and provides views that display time-series of these metrics filtered and aggregated using multiple criteria.Our evaluation shows that this approach can be deployed without incurring major overheads.Our experience with Otus in a production cluster suggests its effectiveness at helping users and cluster administrators with application performance analysis and troubleshooting.
Rurality and African American Perspectives on Children's Mental Health Services.

The combined effect of race and place of residence on caregivers' perceptions of children's mental health services is underresearched. Differences in caregiver strain, barriers-to-care endorsement, and provider satisfaction are examined among 175 rural and urban African American caregivers from one Southern state whose children received Medicaid sponsored mental health services. Children exhibited clinical levels of externalizing and internalizing mental health symptoms and high levels of co-occurring physical health problems. Almost one quarter were cared for by someone other than biological parents. Almost all caregivers reported strain associated with children's mental health problems, compromised personal health status, and high levels of depression. Family perception barriers (such as concern about potential negative reactions of significant others) were most endorsed. Most caregivers were satisfied with their children's mental health services, with lowest levels on the provider sensitivity subscale. Initial rural--urban differences in caregiver strain did not remain significant in multiple regression analyses after other covariates were included.
Starting transient current of induction motors without and with terminal capacitors

A simplified time-domain analysis based on equivalent circuit, differential equations, and the Laplace transformation is presented for the calculation of the starting current of an induction motor without and with terminal capacitors. The solution is realized by the superposition of natural and forced responses of the starting current components. Experimental verification of the results was conducted on a 2 hp, 220 V, 7 A, 3600 r/min, wye-connected, three-phase induction motor. There is a reasonable agreement between the calculated and the measured transient current values. >
A field investigation of the mediating effects of perceived fairness on the relationship between perceived control and consumer satisfaction.

This article reports the results of a field test of the effects of fairness and control on consumer satisfaction. Employing data collected through customer satisfaction surveys at an internationall...
Computational modeling of human head under blast in confined and open spaces: primary blast injury

In this paper, a computational modeling for biomechanical analysis of primary blast injuries is presented. The responses of the brain in terms of mechanical parameters under different blast spaces including open, semi-confined, and confined environments are studied. In the study, the effect of direct and indirect blast waves from the neighboring walls in the confined environments will be taken into consideration. A 50th percentile finite element head model is exposed to blast waves of different intensities. In the open space, the head experiences a sudden intracranial pressure (ICP) change, which vanishes in a matter of a few milliseconds. The situation is similar in semi-confined space, but in the confined space, the reflections from the walls will create a number of subsequent peaks in ICP with a longer duration. The analysis procedure is based on a simultaneous interaction simulation of the deformable head and its components with the blast wave propagations. It is concluded that compared with the open and semi-confined space settings, the walls in the confined space scenario enhance the risk of primary blast injuries considerably because of indirect blast waves transferring a larger amount of damaging energy to the head.
The microstructure effect on the electrical and optical properties of undoped and Sr-doped SmCoO3 thin films

In this study, the optical and electrical properties of undoped and Sr-doped SmCoO3 (Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3) thin films were investigated. Dense, transparent films with the thickness of 80–110 nm were prepared on sapphire substrates using a polymeric precursor spin coating technique. Films were annealed from 500 to 800 8C to alter their microstructure, and the onset of crystallization (perovskite structure) was observed for the 600 8C annealing temperature. The electrical conductivity of SmCoO3 and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 thin films was measured as a function of temperature. The effect of Sr dopant turned out to increase conductivity by two orders of magnitude and decrease the activation energy. The results of optical measurements showed that the shape of the optical spectra changed as the structure changed from amorphous to crystalline. The comparison of electrical and optical measurements suggested that this absorption could be related to the charge carrier concentration. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Alcohol Use and Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep

Alcohol causes significant sleep disturbance but the causes are not well understood. We investigated the relationship between alcohol use and periodic limb movements in a large population of patients at a sleep disorders center. The likelihood of having a clinically significant number of periodic leg movements (more than 20 per hour of sleep) was increased 3-fold in women who consumed two or more alcoholic drinks per day compared with those who did not (25% versus 8%). A similar relation was found among men (22% versus 13%). In addition, women who consumed two or more drinks per day were more likely to report symptoms of restless legs and to be diagnosed with restless legs syndrome. These findings suggest that periodic leg movements contribute to sleep disturbance in a significant proportion of alcohol users. Alcohol use may increase the frequency of periodic leg movements in susceptible individuals. On the other hand, subjects with symptoms related to periodic leg movements may be using alcohol to relieve symptoms, or the movements may be secondary to alcohol-induced sleep disturbance.
ORIGIN OF THE ST. FRANCIS SUNK LANDS, ARKANSAS AND MISSOURI

The New Madrid earthquake, a succession of shocks in 1811 and 1812 in the northern portion of the Lower Mississippi Valley, caused earth waves, fissuring, sand blows, landslides, uplift, subsidence, and related phenomena over an area of thousands of square miles. However, considerable doubt is cast over the narrative accounts and evidence cited for assignment of the St. Francis Sunk Lands to the list of earthquake effects. Origin of these features as a result of alluvial drowning of several relict, braided stream channels by a Mississippi River crevasse channel appears to be a more tenable explanation. Excluding the sunk lands from consideration appreciably diminishes the southwestern extent of the area of discernible earthquake effects and helps subordinate the role of topographic and surface geologic features in calculating seismic-risk zonation in the area.
Special Educators and Mathematics Phobia: An Initial Qualitative Investigation

Abstract Special educators are uniquely challenged to be content experts in all curricular areas, including mathematics, because students in their caseloads may require academic instruction in any area. However, special educators with math phobia may be limited in their ability to provide effective instruction to their students with mathematical deficits or needs, and they may experience additional challenges in their professional and personal lives. This qualitative study seeks to better understand the nature of math phobia in two special educators through extensive interviews, journaling, and observations in math experiences, with a number of primary themes identified. Several potential resolutions for the issues emerging from math phobia in special educators are identified and discussed.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Future Implications

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant problem in older adults. In persons aged 65 and older, TBI is responsible for more than 80,000 emergency department visits each year; three-quarters of these visits result in hospitalization as a result of the injury. Adults aged 75 and older have the highest rates of TBI-related hospitalization and death. Falls are the leading cause of TBI for older adults (51%), and motor vehicle traffic crashes are second (9%). Older age is known to negatively influence outcome after TBI. Although geriatric and neurotrauma investigators have identified the prognostic significance of preadmission functional ability, comorbidities, sex, and other factors such as cerebral perfusion pressure on recovery after illness or injury, these variables remain understudied in older adults with TBI. In the absence of good clinical data, predicting outcomes and providing care in the older adult population with TBI remains problematic. To address this significant public health issue, a refocusing of research efforts on this population is justified to prevent TBI in the older adult and to discern unique care requirements to facilitate best patient outcomes.
The molecular biology of the steroid hormones.

In man and the other vertebrates, hormones are produced in small quantity in specialized endocrine cells in response to physiological or developmental stimuli, reach their target tissues through the circulation, and induce specific cellular reactions tending either to restore metabolic balance or promote differentiation. Our work has primarily been concerned with the mechanism of glucocorticoid action. Before beginning a discussion of the specific molecular details however, I should like to make some general remarks about the evolution and biology of the hormones, since important clues on fundamental mechanisms in present-day organisms might be found by considering their evolutionary history.
Number Attraction Effects in Near-Native Spanish Sentence Comprehension.

Grammatical agreement phenomena such as verbal number have long been of fundamental interest in the study of second language (L2) acquisition. Previous research from the perspective of sentence processing has documented nativelike behavior among nonnative participants but has also relied almost exclusively on grammar violation paradigms. The present investigation examined the online comprehension of subject-verb number agreement by native and nonnative speakers of Mexican Spanish using the more subtle agreement attraction paradigm, with stimuli grammatical in both conditions, in addition to a nonlocal grammaticality paradigm. The results of a self-paced reading experiment confirmed that nonnatives can acquire nativelike online sensitivity to verbal number agreement, even without grammar errors, and that such sensitivity develops only at very high levels of L2 proficiency.
Violent Victimization of Persons With Co-occurring Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the frequency with which persons in the community with psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and both types of disorders are victims of violence. METHODS: The relationship between diagnosis, gender, and victimization over a one-year period was examined in two cross-sectional data sets, one drawn from a study of adaptation to community life of persons with severe mental illness in Connecticut (N=109) and the other drawn from assessments made by caseworkers in a Connecticut outreach project for persons with psychiatric and substance use disorders (N=197). Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the frequency of victimization across diagnostic categories in each data set. RESULTS: People with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders had significantly more episodes of victimization than those with either a psychiatric or a substance use disorder only. Gender was not associated with vicitimization. Qualitative data from focus groups indicated that social i...
Polymerization of 2,6-Dimethylphenol on Smectite Surfaces

Air-dried samples of homoionic Na-, Ca-, AI-, and Fe-smectite were equilibrated with 2,6- dimethylphenol vapor for 24 hr. Infrared spectra of the complexes formed indicated that a portion of the sorbed phenol was transformed into quinone-type compounds. Both sorption and transformation were greatly influenced by the nature of the exchangeable cation and followed the order Fe >> AI > Ca > Na. Changes in the electron spin resonance spectra of the clays following interaction with the phenol fol- lowed the same order, indicating that these reactions are enhanced by a transition metal cation, such as Fe 3+, on the exchange complex. The reaction products from the clay complexes were extracted with methanol and identified using ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry. The extracts contained mixtures of products including the parent phenol, di-, tri-, and tetramers of the phenol, as well as quinone and quinone dimers. The identities of these compounds were further confirmed by the coincidence of the retention times of HPLC peaks obtained from extracts of the clays with those from compounds produced by oxidation of 2,6-dimethylphenol with Ag20.
Development and Examination of a Family Triadic Measure to Examine Quality of Life Family Congruence in Nursing Home Residents and Two Family Members

Objective: The overall purpose of this study was to propose and test a conceptual model and apply family analyses methods to understand quality of life family congruence in the nursing home setting...
Get Home Safely: Do Shifts in the U.S. Demand for Stocks Abroad Impact the Performance of U.S. Stocks at Home?

This paper studies the pricing impact of aggregate shifts in the U.S. demand for foreign stocks on the cross-section of U.S. stocks. Measuring the sensitivity of U.S. firm-level returns to innovations in international stock flows, I document that stocks with higher sensitivity to U.S. investor’s net purchases of foreign equity (outflows) earn significantly lower risk-adjusted returns. The return on the outflows mimicking portfolio is predictable and largely concentrated in periods when the demand for foreign equity is likely to fall, i.e. following reduced wealth, increased uncertainty, and reduced sentiment.
Formation of Nucleolar Polymorphisms in Trisomic Chickens and Subsequent Microevolution of rRNA Gene Clusters in Diploids

Variations in nucleolar size are common in animals and man, yet the basis and significance of this variation are not well understood. In this report, we describe the generation de novo of individuals that express nucleolar size variations (polymorphisms) and the underlying basis for this phenotype in a vertebrate animal system (Gallus domesticus). Individuals that express nucleolar size polymorphisms were produced from mating chickens trisomic for the nucleolar organizer (NO) chromosome; 10%-18% of progeny demonstrated nucleolar polymorphisms. These progeny were incorporated into a diploid genetic line in which the polymorphic trait was observed to segregate in Mendelian fashion. An even more dramatic nucleolar size polymorphism (one macro- plus one micronucleolus) evolved in one diploid family over the course of only two generations. These individuals were used to ascertain that the polymorphic-nucleoli phenotype was expressed in tissues derived from the three primary embryonic cell layers in embryos and neonates. Image analysis was conducted on cells of these birds to quantitate the size differences between macro- and micronucleoli (5 mu2 versus 1 mu2, respectively). Finally, these birds were studied with the technique of in situ hybridization, which showed that gene number differences between homologous NO chromosomes (i.e., heterozygosity for rRNA gene copy number), underlies the polymorphic-nucleoli phenotype. Thus, the chicken emerges as an experimental system through which heterozygosity for the rRNA gene copy number can be induced, easily identified, transmitted, and expressed in all somatic tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Development of Distinct Choice Process Segments over Time: A Stochastic Modeling Approach:

This paper examines Howard's (1963) typology dividing decision making into extensive problem solving (ESP), limited problem solving (LSP), and routinized response behavior (RRB). Specifically, the ...
Characterization of an Atomic Oxygen Plasma Source for Ground-Based Simulation of the LEO Neutral Environment

A magnetically filtered oxygen plasma source has been developed and characterized for the purpose of simulating the low Earth orbit environment. The plasma source can be operated at a variety of discharge currents and gas flow rates, of which the plasma parameters downstream of the source are dependent. The characteristics of the generated plasma were examined as a function of these operating parameters to optimize the production of O + ions with energy relevant to LEO applications, where the ram energy of the ions due to the motion of the satellite relative to the LEO plasma is high (e.g. 7800 m/s, which corresponds to approximately 5 eV of kinetic energy for O+ ions). The plasma downstream of the source consists of streaming ions with energy of approximately 5 eV and ion species fraction that is approximately 90% O + .
Industrial application of electrochemical measurement technology in boiler cleaning

Electrochemical cell and measurement probe were employed to measure the polarization resistance and corrosion potential in the process of acid cleaning with citric acid and passivation with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) for a power plant.Change rule of corrosion rate and potential in the process of boiler cleaning was studied.The study indicates that the corrosion rate and passivation effect can be controlled effectively by measuring polarization resistance and corrosion potential with electrochemical technology.Corrosion rate in the process of water rinse is about ten times of that in the process of acid cleaning.Hence inhibitor must be added into the water rinse solution to avoid the metal corrosion loss of boiler.Because the process of H2O2 passivation can be monitored by on-line corrosion measurement,the application of green H2O2 passivator was promoted in the acid cleaning of boiler.
Graphs K_(2,2,4) and K_(2,2,5) Have the Property M(3)

Suppose that for each vertex in a given graph,there exists a list of colors,making graph a unique proper coloring,called a uniquely k-list colorable graph.M.Ghebleh and E.S.Mahmoodian characterized uniquely k-list colorable complete multipartite graphs except for nine graphs.Graphs K2,2,4 and K2,2,5 proved to have the property M(3).
Concentration of undergraduate dental college admissions in areas with high health and human development in India.

The aims of this study were to determine if dental colleges are clustered in selective states in India and if population to dental college admissions (seats) is correlated with regional health, economic, and human development in that country. There are 29 states and seven union territories in India, with 301 dental colleges. This study used publicly available data from the Dental Council of India, Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and Institute of Applied Manpower Research of the Government of India. Non-parametric tests were used to test for associations. In academic year 2013–14, a total of 293 approved and recognized colleges were in existence, and a total of 23,780 seats were available in all dental colleges. Close to 54% of all dental colleges and 55% of all dental college seats were clustered in five states. The mean population per dental college seat was 94,324 (median was 46,898, and range was a minimum of 2,432 to a maximum of 780,139). The population to one dental college seat decreased significantly as the health and human development index increased (p
The emergence of neoconservatism

In the years following Tiananmen, new currents of thought began to emerge and play a significant role in social, intellectual, and political circles. Most of these currents had roots in the 1980s, but either they were more peripheral ideas that moved toward the center of intellectual concern or they underwent a significant evolution in the context of post-Tiananmen China, or both. In all cases, they reflect an effort to come to grips intellectually with the political failure of reform in the 1980s, the economic and social problems that emerged (or became more acute) in the 1990s, and the type of political system that might be effective in coping with the problems facing China, both domestically and internationally. As we will see in this and the next two chapters, deep divisions opened up within the intellectual community, even as the place of that community in Chinese society changed significantly. In broad terms, even as the government maintained its own ideological line, a new arena of public discourse developed. Over time, the government took increasing account of this public opinion, sometimes absorbing ideas from it, sometimes engaging it, and sometimes suppressing it. The purpose of Part II is to focus on intellectual developments in the 1990s; in Part III, we will look more closely at the government–intellectual interaction. One trend that emerged in the 1980s was that of “new authoritarianism,” which re-emerged in the 1990s as “neoconservatism.”
Predictors of Same-Day Discharge in Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients and Risk Factors for Post-Discharge Complications.

Abstract Background Same-day ( Methods Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using perioperative variables from the 2011 to 2014 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Results In total, 7474 primary TJAs among 120,847 TJA patients were discharged within 24 h post-surgery. These patients were more likely to be younger ( P 80 (odds ratio [OR] 4.16, P = .001), smoking (OR 1.61, P = .03), bleeding-causing disorders (OR 2.56, P = .01), American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or 4 (OR 1.42, P P Conclusion Patient characteristics, co-morbidities, and SAEs pre-discharge can be used to assess potential for discharge within 24 h. The results of our analysis may be used to develop risk stratification tools for identification of patients that are truly appropriate for same-day discharge TJA.
9. Hawthorne’s the Minister’s Black Veil

(1963). 9. Hawthorne’s the Minister’s Black Veil. The Explicator: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 17-19.
Using Delta Debugging to Minimize Stress Tests for Concurrent Data Structures

Concurrent data structures are often tested under stress to detect bugs that can only be exposed by some rare interleavings of instructions. A typical stress test for a concurrent data structure creates a number of threads that repeatedly invoke methods of the target data structure. After a failure is detected by a stress test, developers need to localize the fault causing the failure. However, the execution trace of a failed stress test may be very long, making it time-consuming to replay the failure and localize the fault. In this paper, we present an approach to minimizing stress tests for concurrent data structures. Our approach is to create a smaller test that still produces the same failure by removing some of the threads and/or method invocations in the original stress test. We apply delta debugging to identify the threads and method invocations that are essential for causing the failure. Other threads and method invocations are removed to create a smaller stress test. To increase the chance of triggering the original failure during the execution of the new stress test, we force the new execution to replay the original failed execution trace when possible, and try to guide the execution back to the failed trace when the execution diverges. We describe a tool called TestMinimizer and report the results of an empirical study in which TestMinimizer was applied to 16 real-life concurrent data structures. The results of our evaluation showed that TestMinimizer can effectively and efficiently minimize the stress tests for these concurrent data structures.
Imaging Diagnosis of TBI

Fundamentals and recent advances in imaging techniques and selection paradigms for the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) will be discussed. Characteristic imaging findings for common TBI lesions will be described. Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for the initial assessment of acute TBI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for patients with acute TBI when the neurological findings are unexplained by CT. MRI is the modality of choice for the evaluation of subacute and chronic TBI. Advanced MR techniques, such as diffusion weighted imaging, can improve the identification of otherwise occult lesions, especially with mild TBI.
Clinical Reasoning: A man with rapidly ascending paralysis

A 38-year-old construction worker with no medical history presented with back pain, urinary retention, and flaccid lower extremity paralysis. Three weeks prior to presentation, he fell from a ladder with no immediate injury. Two weeks after the fall, he presented to another hospital for back pain and urinary retention. MRI of the lumbar, cervical, and thoracic spine without contrast were reportedly normal, and his back pain improved with an oral methylprednisolone dose pack (figure). The urinary retention remained, and he was discharged with an indwelling catheter. Within a week of the initial urinary symptoms, he developed ascending lower extremity numbness and paralysis, and was seen emergently at our hospital.
Nrf2 is a critical regulator of allogeneic T cell function and acute graft-versus-host disease (TRAN1P.923)

Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is an ubiquitously expressed transcription factor, well-known as a master regulator of cellular redox pathway. A recent paper showed that Nrf2 can modulate Th1/Th2 axis in vitro . Here, we evaluated the relative contribution of Nrf2 to alloreactive T cells in the context of allogeneic bone marrow transplant (allo-BMT). We found that Nrf2-deficiency in donor T cells led to significantly less acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in both MHC-mismatched and MHC-matched, minor antigen mismatched murine models. Surprisingly, Nrf2 -/- T cells demonstrated comparable levels of proliferation, activation, and similar sensitivity to apoptosis during both early expansion and contraction phase of acute GVHD. However, Nrf2 -/- T cells showed markedly reduced infiltration and tissue damage in the intestines, in keeping with their significantly lower expression of α4β7 integrin. Serum cytokine analysis on day 7 of allo-BMT showed increased IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-5 levels in the recipients of Nrf2 -/- allo-T cells without a concomitant rise in TNFα, IL-13 or IL-17 production, while intracellular staining showed a marked increase in the proportion of CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells in Nrf2 -/- donor T cells. Taken together, we identified a novel role of Nrf2 in T cell function in the context of allo-BMT. Our findings suggest that targeted manipulation of Nrf2 activities in alloreactive T cells may offer a useful clinical strategy to mitigate GVHD.
Romantic in Different Ways

The design was inspired by a silhouette from an image of a French woman in the 18th century. Her dress was very feminine with soft lines, pastel colors, and unique flower ornamentation. The purpose of the design was to fuse the romantic fashion style of 18th century France with contemporary styles. It also achieves sustainability by creating multiple looks and using natural fabric. The dress can be worn in two ways. The first look is the decorated dress seen in the image on the left. By detaching the flower ornamentation on the neck and around the hip the second look, seen below, transforms the design to be modern and minimal.
Elsasser, Generalized Complementarity, and Finite Classes: A Critique of His Anti-Reductionism

Serious students of cellular and developmental biology confront what may well be the gravest epistemological problems ever faced by scientists. These are direct consequences of the immense, ordered biochemical complexity of organisms.
MAKING THE CASE FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN SECULAR SOCIETIES

This is the text of the opening keynote lecture delivered at the conference, “Is Religious Freedom under Threat?,” Christ Church, Oxford, May 23–25, 2018, convened by Oxford University's McDonald Centre for Theology, Ethics and Public Life and Emory University's Center for the Study of Law and Religion.It is truly an honor to deliver the opening lecture for this McDonald Conference titled “Is Religious Liberty under Threat?” Since it was only four years ago that I had given a talk on that subject for the Oxford Journal of Law and Religion’s Summer Academy, which built in turn upon my Harold Berman Lecture at Emory University two years before, I have had to give some serious thought to how I might avoid repeating myself. Yet when I looked back over what I said on those occasions, I wished that I had dwelt less upon the threats and more on the challenge of how to address them. What I would like to do in this lecture, therefore, is to offer some suggestions in the hope of stimulating discussion about how to make the case for religious freedom as a fundamental human right in today's increasingly secular liberal democracies.
FAMILY SUPPORT NETWORKS AND POPULATION AGEING IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN.

Aging of populations in low to middle income countries is taking place at an unprecedented speed but under economic, political, and institutional conditions that are in stark contrast with those associated with aging processes in high income countries. This is the case in countries of the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region where rapid changes of the fertility and mortality regimes, weakening of familial norms and values, and radical reforms of publicly funded safety nets, is rapidly eroding the foundation of traditional support for the elderly. In this highly descriptive paper we identify conditions affecting the demand and supply of elderly support in LAC and, for the first time, estimate existing patterns of elderly support in seven countries of LAC using a new and as yet unexplored source of information. The first section introduces basic concepts and terminology. The second section describes unique features of LAC countries that exert large a influence on patterns of intergenerational transfers by constraining the supply of elderly support and expanding the demand for it. In the third section we analyze data on intra-family transfers using a set of surveys of elderly adult living in seven large cities in LAC countries. We focus on two dimensions of elderly support: the availability of actors to provide support and the propensity of these actors to supply support. We show evidence of distinct patterns of family support, the result of different combinations of kin-availability and kin propensities to support. The final section concludes.
Adversarial Learning to Compare: Self-Attentive Prospective Customer Recommendation in Location based Social Networks

Recommendation systems tend to suffer severely from the sparse training data. A large portion of users and items usually have a very limited number of training instances. The data sparsity issue prevents us from accurately understanding users' preferences and items' characteristics and jeopardize the recommendation performance eventually. In addition, models, trained with sparse data, lack abundant training supports and tend to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, which implies possibly large errors in generalization. In this work, we investigate the recommendation task in the context of prospective customer recommendation in location based social networks. To comprehensively utilize the training data, we explicitly learn to compare users' historical check-in businesses utilizing self-attention mechanisms. To enhance the robustness of a recommender system and improve its generalization performance, we perform adversarial training. Adversarial perturbations are dynamically constructed during training and models are trained to be tolerant of such nuisance perturbations. In a nutshell, we introduce a Self-Attentive prospective Customer RecommendAtion framework, SACRA, which learns to recommend by making comparisons among users' historical check-ins with adversarial training. To evaluate the proposed model, we conduct a series of experiments to extensively compare with 12 existing methods using two real-world datasets. The results demonstrate that SACRA significantly outperforms all baselines.
Social Capital: Supportive of Bhutanese Refugees’ Integration in the United States

Successful integration refers to refugees’ ability to participate in their local community, access resources, and become citizens. Social capital, or the resources available through relational networks, has been both theoretically and empirically linked to successful integration. Studies have looked at the relationship between social capital and specific categories of integration (access to health care, employment, and language acquisition) across refugee populations. For the Bhutanese, a large resettled population in the U.S. who culturally emphasize the value relationships, social capital may be especially related to integration indicators across categories. A cross-sectional, multivariate linear regression analysis was performed in Stata/IC 15.1. In analyzing a sample of 244 Bhutanese refugees, results suggest that social capital (bonding, bridging, and linking) is positively associated to overall integration. Based on the results, implications for future research, as well as refugee resettlement policies and programs, are offered.
Transitioning to distance learning and virtual conferencing

The coronavirus pandemic has, like its predecessors from the Black Plague to the Spanish Flu, once again demonstrated the great vulnerability of social and economic systems to microbes Yet, it may be that there is an important difference this time around The bubonic plague of the 14"' century completely disrupted the huge Mongol Empire and killed off a third of the population of Europe The most obvious improvement, literally visible already, has been to air quality in metropolitan areas Vast numbers of people can work from home in many places around the world sharply reducing: pollution caused by commuting in automobiles Clearly, many people will still ave to go to physical workplaces outside the home, but all who don't have to should keep doing their jobs remotely This will have tremendous benefit for those living in the urban areas blighted by pollution, and also will contribute usefully to the larger fight against global warming
Involvement of dopamine receptor in the actions of non-psychoactive phytocannabinoids.

Abstract Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) exhibited a vigorous swimming behavior in liquid medium. Addition of dopamine inhibited the swimming behavior, causing paralysis in 65% of wild-type nematodes. Interestingly, phytocannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) or cannabidivarin (CBDV), caused paralysis in 40% of the animals. Knockout of DOP-3, the dopamine D2-like receptor critical for locomotor behavior, eliminated the paralysis induced by dopamine, CBD, and CBDV. In contrast, both CBD and CBDV caused paralysis in animals lacking CAT-2, an enzyme necessary for dopamine synthesis. Co-administration of dopamine with either CBD or CBDV caused paralysis similar to that of either phytocannabinoid treatment alone. These data support the notion that CBD and CBDV act as functional partial agonists on dopamine D2-like receptors in vivo. The discovery that dopamine receptor is involved in the actions of phytocannabinoids moves a significant step toward our understanding of the mechanisms for medical uses of cannabis in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.