cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frequency Analysis of Low Flows

The transformations (i) SMEMAX (ii) Modified SMEMAX (iii) Power and Probability Distributions (iv) Weibull (α,β,γ) or Extreme value type III (v) Weibull (α,β,0) (vi) Log Pearson Type III (vii) Log Boughton are considered for the low flow analysis. Also, different parameter estimating procedures are considered. Both the Weibull and log Pearson can have positive lower bounds and thus their use in fitting low flow probabilities may not be physically justifiable. A new derivation generalizing the SMEMAX transformation is proposed. A new estimator for the log Boughton distribution is presented. It is found that the Boughton distribution with Cunnane's plotting position provides a good fit to low flows for Virginia streams.
Lessons from the African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension: an update.

Hypertension is the second leading attributable cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States today. The African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension was a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial designed to determine whether strict blood pressure (BP) control, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-based, or calcium channel blocker (CCB)-based regimens were superior to less strict BP control and β-blocker (BB)-based regimens, respectively. The study enrolled 1093 African Americans with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and followed them for 4 years with repeated direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and monitoring of end points, including rapid decline in GFR, end-stage kidney disease, and death. From this landmark study, we learned that strict BP control is achievable in this study population, but it did not slow progression of kidney disease, and we learned that an ACEI-based therapy was superior to either a BB- or CCB-based regimen. In addition, we learned that proteinuria is the most important predictor of progression of kidney disease; ACEI and CCB have differential effects on proteinuria; and a CCB-based regimen combined with strict BP control may be the next best choice to an ACEI-based regimen in this population.
Transcriptome Dynamics during the Transition from Anaerobic Photosynthesis to Aerobic Respiration in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1

Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 is a facultative photosynthetic anaerobe that grows by anoxygenic photosynthesis under anaerobic-light conditions. Changes in energy generation pathways under photosynthetic and aerobic respiratory conditions are primarily controlled by oxygen tensions. In this study, we performed time series microarray analyses to investigate transcriptome dynamics during the transition from anaerobic photosynthesis to aerobic respiration. Major changes in gene expression profiles occurred in the initial 15 min after the shift from anaerobic-light to aerobic-dark conditions, with changes continuing to occur up to 4 hours postshift. Those genes whose expression levels changed significantly during the time series were grouped into three major classes by clustering analysis. Class I contained genes, such as that for the aa3 cytochrome oxidase, whose expression levels increased after the shift. Class II contained genes, such as those for the photosynthetic apparatus and Calvin cycle enzymes, whose expression levels decreased after the shift. Class III contained genes whose expression levels temporarily increased during the time series. Many genes for metabolism and transport of carbohydrates or lipids were significantly induced early during the transition, suggesting that those endogenous compounds were initially utilized as carbon sources. Oxidation of those compounds might also be required for maintenance of redox homeostasis after exposure to oxygen. Genes for the repair of protein and sulfur groups and uptake of ferric iron were temporarily upregulated soon after the shift, suggesting they were involved in a response to oxidative stress. The flagellar-biosynthesis genes were expressed in a hierarchical manner at 15 to 60 min after the shift. Numerous transporters were induced at various time points, suggesting that the cellular composition went through significant changes during the transition from anaerobic photosynthesis to aerobic respiration. Analyses of these data make it clear that numerous regulatory activities come into play during the transition from one homeostatic state to another.
High‐resolution prediction of protein helix positions and orientations

We have developed a new method for predicting helix positions in globular proteins that is intended primarily for comparative modeling and other applications where high precision is required. Unlike helix packing algorithms designed for ab initio folding, we assume that knowledge is available about the qualitative placement of all helices. However, even among homologous proteins, the corresponding helices can demonstrate substantial differences in positions and orientations, and for this reason, improperly positioned helices can contribute significantly to the overall backbone root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of comparative models. A helix packing algorithm for use in comparative modeling must obtain high precision to be useful, and for this reason we utilize an all-atom protein force field (OPLS) and a Generalized Born continuum solvent model. To reduce the computational expense associated with using a detailed, physics-based energy function, we have developed new hierarchical and multiscale algorithms for sampling the helices and flanking loops. We validate the method using a test suite of 33 cases, which are drawn from a diverse set of high-resolution crystal structures. The helix positions are reproduced with an average backbone RMSD of 0.6 A, while the average backbone RMSD of the complete loop-helix-loop region (i.e., the helix with the surrounding loops, which are also repredicted) is 1.3 A.
Intrafamilial physical victimization and externalizing behavior problems: Who remain the ‘forgotten’ children?

Abstract Over the past few decades, researchers have documented positive associations between direct child maltreatment and exposure to interpersonal violence (including intimate partner violence, community violence, school violence, and media violence) and children's externalizing behavior problems. However, current family violence literature largely ignores the effects of child abuse on other children in the family. A handful of studies have focused on exposure to child abuse and documented the behavioral effects on siblings, and these studies lend support for broadening scholarship focused on this type of family violence. This article presents empirical research and theories that focus on the relationships between child physical abuse and exposure to intimate partner violence and children's externalizing behavior problems. Using this literature as a foundation, an argument is made for the need to focus on children's exposure to child physical abuse. This article presents information from the few studies that have focused on children who were exposed to the physical abuse of a sibling and offers theoretical frameworks, including social learning theory and psychological proximity, as a foundation for future research. The article concludes with a discussion of services that may be necessary for children who have been exposed to the physical abuse of a sibling, including services focused on safety and mental health.
Fuzzy control of externally disturbed systems

The ability of a fuzzy controller to reduce adverse effects due to step- and ramp-type disturbances is investigated. It is shown to outperform the PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller for a simulated example.
Assembling nanoscale circuits with randomized connections

Molecular electronics are difficult to fabricate with precise positioning of large numbers of devices and their connections. Self-assembly techniques can create such circuits but with some random variation in their connection locations and characteristics. Using simulations, we show how to produce reliable circuits in spite of this variation by adding enough redundant components to pass a sharp threshold in likely circuit correctness. As an example of this approach, we examine a demultiplexer circuit, which is useful for connecting nanoscale circuits with larger conventional circuits.
Accounting for Uncertainty in the Tree Topology Has Little Effect on the Decision-Theoretic Approach to Model Selection in Phylogeny Estimation

Currently available methods for model selection used in phylogenetic analysis are based on an initial fixed-tree topology. Once a model is picked based on this topology, a rigorous search of the tree space is run under that model to find the maximum-likelihood estimate of the tree (topology and branch lengths) and the maximum-likelihood estimates of the model parameters. In this paper, we propose two extensions to the decision-theoretic (DT) approach that relax the fixed-topology restriction. We also relax the fixed-topology restriction for the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) methods. We compare the performance of the different methods (the relaxed, restricted, and the likelihood-ratio test [LRT]) using simulated data. This comparison is done by evaluating the relative complexity of the models resulting from each method and by comparing the performance of the chosen models in estimating the true tree. We also compare the methods relative to one another by measuring the closeness of the estimated trees corresponding to the different chosen models under these methods. We show that varying the topology does not have a major impact on model choice. We also show that the outcome of the two proposed extensions is identical and is comparable to that of the BIC, Extended-BIC, and DT. Hence, using the simpler methods in choosing a model for analyzing the data is more computationally feasible, with results comparable to the more computationally intensive methods. Another outcome of this study is that earlier conclusions about the DT approach are reinforced. That is, LRT, Extended-AIC, and AIC result in more complicated models that do not contribute to the performance of the phylogenetic inference, yet cause a significant increase in the time required for data analysis.
Malassezia furfur Fungemia in Infancy

Malassezia furfur was recovered from blood cultures obtained through an indwelling line in seven severely ill infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. While two of the patients were asymptomatic, the other patients had signs and symptoms compatible with sepsis. One patient had evidence of endocarditis.
MEMS shock sensor fabricated on flexible substrate

Incorporating sensors onto a flexible substrate will add functionality to flexible displays. Though several attempts have been made to mount MEMS sensors[1, 2] on flexible substrates[1], none of the sensors have been integrally fabricated on the substrate[3]. Fabricating MEMS sensors on flexible substrates [4] along with display elements will provide new sensing capabilities and enhance functionality. We propose a MEMS capacitive sensor fabricated in a low temperature, flexible amorphous silicon process. This sensor will enable acoustic detection and have potential applications for blast dosimetry [5], a research topic currently of great interest.
Translational research principles of an effectiveness trial for diabetes care in an urban African American population.

PurposeLarge-scale effectiveness trials designed to translate evidence-based diabetes care to community settings are few. Studies describing these methods among high-risk minority populations are p...
Effects of unmeasured heterogeneity in the linear transformation model for censored data

We investigate the effect of unobserved heterogeneity in the context of the linear transformation model for censored survival data in the clinical trials setting. The unobserved heterogeneity is represented by a frailty term, with unknown distribution, in the linear transformation model. The bias of the estimate under the assumption of no unobserved heterogeneity when it truly is present is obtained. We also derive the asymptotic relative efficiency of the estimate of treatment effect under the incorrect assumption of no unobserved heterogeneity. Additionally we investigate the loss of power for clinical trials that are designed assuming the model without frailty when, in fact, the model with frailty is true. Numerical studies under a proportional odds model show that the loss of efficiency and the loss of power can be substantial when the heterogeneity, as embodied by a frailty, is ignored.
Learning translations of named-entity phrases from parallel corpora

We develop a new approach to learning phrase translations from parallel corpora, and show that it performs with very high coverage and accuracy in choosing French translations of English named-entity phrases in a test corpus of software manuals. Analysis of a subset of our results suggests that the method should also perform well on more general phrase translation tasks.
Genetic counseling and clinical cancer genetics services.

Cancer genetic services, typically provided by clinicians with expertise in both oncology and genetics, include cancer risk assessment and education, facilitation of genetic testing, pre-and post-test counseling, provision of personally tailored cancer risk management options and recommendations, and psychosocial counseling and support services. All oncology providers should obtain basic information on the family cancer history of their patients to determine the likelihood of hereditary cancer risk as well as possible indications for providing brief or comprehensive cancer genetic counseling. Those who choose to provide these services themselves must be familiar with the complex issues of genetic counseling and testing, and be aware of the time and expertise required to adequately deliver these services. Genetic nurses and genetic counselors with master's degrees function as valuable members of a comprehensive cancer genetic service; they are trained to independently collect and confirm medical and family history information, perform risk assessments, offer patient education regarding cancer and genetics, and provide supportive counseling services for patients and families. It is hoped that specific risk interventions will significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from familial forms of cancer. This review outlines the process of cancer genetic counseling and defines the roles of the cancer genetic counselor and the function of the cancer genetics specialty clinic. The possible medical and legal implications for failing to obtain adequate family history information are reviewed, and the issues of genetic discrimination are discussed. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 18:347–357, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Full-wave analysis of an infinite, planar array of linearly polarized, stripline-fed, tapered notch elements

The input impedance, embedded element pattern, and scattering properties of an infinite, planar array of linearly polarized, stripline-fed, tapered notch elements are obtained using a method of moments solution to a mixed potential integral equation. The problem is cast so that the unknowns are electric currents on the stripline center conductor and magnetic currents in the notches and aperture plane. The analysis is a full-wave model in that all electromagnetic interactions between strip, notches, and aperture are properly accounted for. The basis functions used for both electric and magnetic surface currents are the triangle subdomain functions introduced by Rao, Wilton, and Glisson. The advantage of this choice is that the notch and strip geometries which can be analyzed include any shape whose boundary can be adequately approximated by a polygon. Prediction of active scan reflection coefficients is shown to be in good agreement with measurements obtained from multielement waveguide simulators. >
Security and Access Control for a Human-centric Collaborative Commerce System

The rise of globally distributed computer based workspaces has enabled the incorporation of collaboration in electronic commerce (e-Commerce) systems. Working in collaborative environments with e-Commerce technologies leads to the subject of collaborative commerce (or c-Commerce). C-Commerce creates dynamic collaboration and harnesses organizations information and knowledge base into a computer-based framework to support personalized access to potentially all participants and information in a given community. One of the main concerns in such a system is security and control of access. Many distributed organizations and individuals want to work together and share their information and knowledge in the process. At the same time, they need to protect their privacy and sensitive information and establish proper protocols for access and sharing activities. This paper discusses a human-centered collaborative commerce system (HCCS) and its security and access control design. Specifically, it presents three security modules and components that will support collaborative exchange and processes. We, then, introduce an improved access control method and algorithm which is role-, group-, and task-based (RGT-based access control) that ensures information and resources access efficiently. Developing further access control algorithms and implementations will be considered in a variety of case studies in future work.
Toxicology of toluene (methylbenzene): review of current literature.

(1977). Toxicology of Toluene (Methylbenzene): Review of Current Literature. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 549-559.
Analysis of edge stresses in composite laminates under combined thermo-mechanical loading, using a complementary energy approach

An approximate method is presented to investigate the interlaminar stresses near the free edges of composite laminate plates that are subjected to a combined thermo-mechanical loading. The method is based upon admissible function representations of stresses which account for the effects of both the global mismatches and the local mismatches in two of the elastic properties, the Poisson's ratio and the coefficient of mutual influence. For this purpose, new thermo-mechanical mismatch terms are defined to reflect an effective deformation under the combined thermo-mechanical loading. Closed form solutions of all the stress components are sought by minimizing the complementary energy with respect to the unknown functions, in the stress representations, of the width coordinate. These unknown functions are determined by solving five ordinary differential equations along with a set of free edge boundary conditions, which allow complex as well as real roots for their exponential decaying rates. The resulting solutions satisfy the stress equilibrium and all of the boundary conditions exactly, but compatibility is met in a weak form. Numerical examples are given for several typical laminates, and are compared with previous results obtained by finite element and other approximate methods. It is found that the present approximate method yields interlaminar stress results in an efficient, fast and yet reliable way. It is also concluded that unlike some previous approximate methods, the current method is numerically robust and stable.
Improving adherence and clinical outcomes through an HIV pharmacist's interventions

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals who adhere to their antiretroviral (ARV) regimens are more likely to achieve suppressed HIV viral load and improved immunologic response; however, for most patients, medication adherence remains a challenge. Prior studies have shown that clinical pharmacists contribute to the management of HIV-infected patients; but due to variability in clinical responsibilities and study limitations, their value has not been fully realized. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes of an HIV clinical pharmacist's interventions at Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, who utilizes medication expertise to provide recommendations for ARV regimen changes. The pharmacist suggests new ARV regimens in order to attain virologic suppression, improve immunologic response, or minimize ARV adverse effects, while aiming to optimize patients' adherence by decreasing pill burden and/or dosing frequency. This retrospective study assessed the effectiveness of the pharmacist's interventions that occurred between 11 September 2006 and 30 September 2008 on pill burden, dosing frequency, and medication adherence. Additionally, CD4+ cell count and HIV viral load pre- and post-intervention were evaluated. Medication adherence was assessed utilizing electronic pharmacy refill records and calculated based on the formula: [(pills dispensed/pills prescribed per day)/days between refills] x 100. From a cohort of 75 patients, mean daily pill quantity and dosing frequency decreased from 7.2 pills/day and 2.0 times/day in the control phase to 5.4 pills/day and 1.5 times/day in the study phase, respectively ( p < 0.001). Medication adherence increased from a mean of 81% in the control phase to 89% in the study phase ( p = 0.003). Clinical outcomes measured by CD4+cell count and CD4% were statistically improved and more individuals achieved undetectable HIV viral loads postintervention ( p < 0.001). In conclusion, HIV clinical pharmacists may play an important role in reducing pill burden and dosing frequency, increasing medication adherence, and improving clinical outcomes.
Diagnosing, Diagnoses, and the DSM in Clinical Social Work:

Previous research has addressed how social workers use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). These studies have treated psychiatric diagnosis as a single entity, assuming...
Market Sentiment and Dividend Policy: Cross Sectional Evidence

Existing empirical findings on the validity of catering theory of dividend policy are mixed at the aggregate-market level, while there is little cross-sectional evidence based on individual firms, which is necessary for studying investor preferences for dividend policy with greater resolution. To fill this gap in the literature, we provide cross-sectional evidence of the explanatory ability of market sentiment on dividend policy decisions. Sentiment sensitivity of individual stock returns (SS), measured by the slope coefficient in the regression of stock returns on market sentiment index changes, is an important cross-sectional determinant on dividend policy. Our empirical results suggest that: firms with high SS pay lower dividends or have lower propensity to pay than do otherwise identical firms; cumulative abnormal stock returns associated with dividend initiations (omissions) are significantly related to the SS. These results remain quantitatively the same after controlling for firm characteristics and other risk factors. Our paper highlights the importance of investor behavior on dividend decisions.
Breaker of Armies: Air Power in the Easter Offensive and the Myth of Linebacker I and II in the Vietnam War

Most traditional accounts identify the Linebacker I and Linebacker II campaigns as the most effective and consequential uses of U.S. air power in the Vietnam War. They argue that deep interdiction in North Vietnam played a central role in the defeat of the Easter Offensive and that subsequent strategic attacks on Hanoi forced the North Vietnamese to accept the Paris accords. These conclusions are false. The Linebacker campaigns were rather ineffective in either stopping the Communist offensive or compelling concessions. The most effective and consequential use of U.S. air power came in the form of close air support and battlefield air interdiction directly attacking the North Vietnamese Army in South Vietnam. The success of these air strikes hinged on the presence of a U.S.-operated tactical air control system that incorporated small numbers of ground advisers, air liaison officers, and forward air controllers. This system, combined with abundant U.S. aircraft and a reasonably effective allied army, was the key to breaking the Easter Offensive and compelling Hanoi to agree to the Paris accords. The effectiveness of close air support and battlefield air interdiction and the failure of deep interdiction and strategic attack in the Vietnam War have important implications for the use of air power and advisers in contemporary conflicts in Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan.
Abstract 312: Anatomic Runoff Score Predicts Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

Background: Although the presence, extent, and severity of obstruction in patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (LE-PAD) affect their clinical care, it is not known if these factors are associated with future cardiovascular endpoints. We empirically created an anatomic runoff score (ARS) that was based on the severity of stenosis of each lower extremity segment, and determined its association with clinical outcomes. Methods: We evaluated 908 patients with LE-PAD and bilateral angiography undergoing endovascular or surgical revascularization in a community based clinical study from 2005-2011. Clinical outcomes of interest were 1) all-cause death, 2) myocardial infarction (MI), 3) stroke, and 4) composite of all-cause death, MI, and stroke. Cox proportional hazards models were created and hazard ratios estimated for a standard deviation increment for continuous variables. Results: A total of 260 patients reached the composite endpoint (45 MI, 63 stroke, 152 death) during the study period. ...
The Abstract Setting for Shape Deformation Analysis and LDDMM Methods

This paper aims to define a unified setting for shape registration and LDDMM methods for shape analysis. This setting turns out to be sub-Riemannian, and not Riemannian. An abstract definition of a space of shapes in \(\mathbb {R}^d\) is given, and the geodesic flow associated to any reproducing kernel Hilbert space of sufficiently regular vector fields is showed to exist for all time.
Gating of Afferent Input by a Central Pattern Generator

Gating of afferent input by a central pattern generator. Intracellular recordings from the sole proprioceptor (the oval organ) in the crab ventilatory system show that the nonspiking afferent fibers from this organ receive a cyclic hyperpolarizing inhibition in phase with the ventilatory motor pattern. Although depolarizing and hyperpolarizing current pulses injected into a single afferent will reset the ventilatory motor pattern, the inhibitory input is of sufficient magnitude to block afferent input to the ventilatory central pattern generator (CPG) for ∼50% of the cycle period. It is proposed that this inhibitory input serves to gate sensory input to the ventilatory CPG to provide an unambiguous input to the ventilatory CPG.
Microwave photonics

An overview of analog microwave photonics will be presented. The performance requirements for externally-modulated analog microwave photonic links will be reviewed with specific emphasis placed on modulator efficiency, laser noise, detected photocurrent, and link linearity.
Animal Models in Research: FDA's Animal Rule

In some situations where it is not ethical or feasible to conduct efficacy studies in humans, animal studies may be done to determine the efficacy of drugs and biological products for serious or life-threatening conditions. This is particularly true in the case of the development of countermeasures to chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threat agents. The choice of the animal model(s) and the design and implementation of the studies are challenging since the efficacy results of the animal studies need to be predictive of the response expected to occur in humans. In an attempt to provide guidance on conducting such studies the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has a draft guidance document entitled “Animal Models-Essential Elements to Address Efficacy Under the Animal Rule.” This guidance commonly known as the “Animal Rule” guidance focuses on the identification of the critical characteristics (essential data elements) of an animal model to be addressed when developing drug or biological products for approval or licensure respectively under the Animal Rule [21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 314.600 for drugs; 21 CFR 601.90 for biological products]. While animal studies are relied upon to determine the efficacy of drugs or biological products under the “Animal Rule,” the safety of the drug or biological product is determined in humans. It is important to note that the “Animal Rule” does not apply to products that could be approved based on efficacy standards described elsewhere in FDA's regulations. The “Animal Rule” guidance is found at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm078923.pdf
Current status of endocrine therapy for prostate cancer.

Abstract Hormonal therapy, considered standard treatment for prostate cancer for forty years, is being reevaluated in light of more recent analysis of the studies conducted by the VA Cooperative Urologic Research Group (VACURG). Modalities reviewed include diethylstilbestrol, estramustine phosphate, aminoglutethimide, progestational agents, antiandrogens, orchiectomy, and the newer LHRH analogues, such as leuprolide and combination hormonal therapies. The author examines the rational use of hormonal treatments in terms of their advantages and disadvantages, the optimal timing and dosage of each, and the possibility of combining hormonal therapy with chemotherapy.
Translation of Optical Tomographic Imaging Methods into Clinical Practice

Clinical studies that evaluate the use of optical tomographic imaging to manage arthritis, peripheral artery disease and neoadjuvent therapy in cancer patients are showing great promise for commercially viable translation into clinical practice.
[HIV-related dementia].

La demence a VlH (D-VIH) est, au plan mondial, une cause importante de demence. Dans les pays industrialises, sa prevalence a diminue depuis l'introduction des traitements antiviraux de derniere generation mais le profil immunologique des seropositifs avec D-VIH s'est modifie. Des troubles cognitifs mineurs precedent la demence. Cette derniere comprend une atteinte cognitive, comportementale et motrice bien caracterisee. Le diagnostic se fait sur l'examen clinique, l'imagerie cerebrale, l'analyse du liquide cephalo-rachidien et des parametres immunologiques. La pathologie montre une atteinte inflammatoire et une atrophie cerebrale. L'etude de la toxicite virale directe et indirecte (par activation des macrophages) sur le tissu cerebral montre que la D-VIH est non seulement une maladie immunologique et inflammatoire mais egalement neurodegenerative. Parallelement aux anti-viraux, les nouveaux traitements permettront de bloquer les molecules de reconnaissance cellulaire ou de lutter contre l'apoptose.
Application and Nursing of Fiberoptic Ductoscopy in Breast Diseases

Objective Breast fiberoptic ductoscopy(FDS) was performed on patients with nipple blood and non-blood discharge to find and localize pathological tissues with alignment pins,and choose different therapeutic regimens.Methods 358 patients who were inspected by FDS were divided into A and B groups.41 patients in Group A had minute intracavitary lesions localized by alignment pins.317 patients in Group B had galactophoritis.A professional endoscope was inserted into lactiferous ducts through nipple by superficial anesthesia to inspect and localize minute intracavitary lesions by alignment pins after finding abnormal positions in Group A.During the period with alignment pins,nursing intervention was carried out continuously.Antibiotic was injected into inflammatory positions in Group B.Results 40 patients in Group A were found localized lesions by alignment pins in surgeries.The effective rate of alignment pins is 97.6%(40/41).Patients in Group B were cured after applying antibiotics intracavitarily once or twice.Conclusion FDS can be used to find lesion positions under direct vision,providing evidences for diagnosis,surgery and treatment.
In vivo comparison of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND We sought to evaluate the findings of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) and intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) used for the in vivo assessment of coronary lesions. METHODS We identified 19 lesions in 15 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention that were assessed by both FD-OCT and IVUS and compared the lumen area and maximum/minimum lumen diameter at the site of maximum stenosis and the proximal and distal reference cross-sections. RESULTS At the site of maximum stenosis, excellent correlation was found between FD-OCT and IVUS measurements: minimum lumen area (3.80 ± 2.36 mm² and 4.60 ± 2.13 mm², respectively; P=.002; Spearman's ρ = 0.94), maximum lumen diameter (2.30 ± 0.79 mm and 2.54 ± 0.60 mm, respectively; P=.005; Spearman's ρ = 0.93), and minimum lumen diameter (1.89 ± 0.69 mm and 2.24 ± 0.54 mm, respectively; P=.0001; Spearman's ρ = 0.90). Weaker correlations were found between FD-OCT and IVUS measurements of the proximal reference lumen area (4.74 ± 1.86 mm² and 5.16 ± 2.10 mm², respectively; P=.33; Spearman's ρ = 0.76) and distal reference lumen area (5.14 ± 1.60 mm² and 5.47 ± 2.45 mm², respectively; P=.144; Spearman's ρ = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS Excellent correlation was found in FD-OCT and IVUS luminal measurements at the site of maximum coronary stenosis with weaker correlation at the proximal and distal reference cross-sections. FD-OCT minimum lumen area measurements were smaller than the IVUS measurements.
Morphologic and Autoradiographic Observations of H3-Thymidine-Labeled Thoracic Duct Lymphocytes Cultured in Vivo

1. The behavior of mouse and rat thoracic duct lymphocytes cultivated in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity of recipient mice and rats has been described. 2. The temporal pattern of labeling of cultured thoracic duct lymphocytes labeled with H3-thymidine has been described. From an analysis of this pattern and the changes in the mean grain count of the different classes of lymphocytes a maximum generation time for large and medium lymphocytes of 15 and 24 hours has been calculated. The results of these experiments favor an origin of small lymphocytes from the division of large and medium lymphocytes. 3. Some evidence for the transformation of thoracic duct lymph cells into monocytoid cells was found. In homologous cultures of labeled thoracic duct lymph cells and unlabeled bone marrow apparent evidence for transformation of labeled cells into plasma cells was found. The data suggest that neither the monocytoid cells nor the plasma cells arose necessarily from small lymphocytes. It was concluded that some unidentified cells, presumably the largest cells which are normally present in thoracic duct lymph, can be transformed into these other cell types when appropriately stimulated.
The emergent genre of campaign e-mail in the 2008 presidential nomination campaign

This study describes e-mail use in the 2008 U.S. presidential nomination campaigns. A content analysis and rhetorical analysis of over 1,400 e-mails from the primary season of that campaign reveal ...
Association of anti-citrullinated protein or peptide antibodies with left ventricular structure and function in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective High levels of ACPAs in RA are associated with more severe arthritis and worse prognosis. However, the role of ACPAs in mediating the increased risk of heart failure in RA remains undefined. We examined whether specific ACPAs were associated with subclinical left ventricular (LV) phenotypes that presage heart failure. Methods Sera from RA patients without clinical cardiovascular disease were assayed for specific ACPAs using a custom Bio-Plex bead assay, and their cross-sectional associations with cardiac magnetic resonance-derived LV measures were evaluated. High ACPA level was defined as ⩾ 75th percentile. Findings were assessed in a second independent RA cohort with an expanded panel of ACPAs and LV measures assessed by 3D-echocardiography. Results In cohort 1 (n = 76), higher levels of anti-citrullinated fibrinogen 41-60 and anti-citrullinated vimentin antibodies were associated with a 10 and 6% higher adjusted mean LV mass index (LVMI), respectively, compared with lower antibody levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, higher levels of anti-citrullinated biglycan 247-266 were associated with a 13% lower adjusted mean LVMI compared with lower levels (P < 0.001). In cohort 2 (n = 74), the association between ACPAs targeting citrullinated fibrinogen and citrullinated vimentin peptides or protein and LVMI was confirmed: higher anti-citrullinated fibrinogen 556-575 and anti-citrullinated vimentin 58-77 antibody levels were associated with a higher adjusted mean LVMI (19 and 15%, respectively; P < 0.05), but no association with biglycan was found. Conclusion Higher levels of antibodies targeting citrullinated fibrinogen and vimentin peptides or protein were associated with a higher mean LVMI in both RA cohorts, potentially implicating autoimmune targeting of citrullinated proteins in myocardial remodelling in RA.
Reactive and Robust Paradigms for Autonomous Mission Design at Small Bodies

The complexity and sensitivity of strongly non-Keplerian orbital motion near asteroids and comets motivates an autonomous onboard approach to mission design. By applying heuristic-guided numerical ...
A reduced fidelity model for the rotary chemical looping combustion reactor

Abstract The rotary chemical looping combustion reactor has great potential for efficient integration with CO 2 capture-enabled energy conversion systems. In earlier studies, we described a one-dimensional rotary reactor model, and used it to demonstrate the feasibility of continuous reactor operation. Though this detailed model provides a high resolution representation of the rotary reactor performance, it is too computationally expensive for studies that require multiple model evaluations. Specifically, it is not ideal for system-level studies where the reactor is a single component in an energy conversion system. In this study, we present a reduced fidelity model (RFM) of the rotary reactor that reduces computational cost and determines an optimal combination of variables that satisfy reactor design requirements. Simulation results for copper, nickel and iron-based oxygen carriers show a four-order of magnitude reduction in simulation time, and reasonable prediction accuracy. Deviations from the detailed reference model predictions range from 3% to 20%, depending on oxygen carrier type and operating conditions. This study also demonstrates how the reduced model can be modified to deal with both optimization and design oriented problems. A parametric study using the reduced model is then applied to analyze the sensitivity of the optimal reactor design to changes in selected operating and kinetic parameters. These studies show that temperature and activation energy have a greater impact on optimal geometry than parameters like pressure or feed fuel fraction for the selected oxygen carrier materials.
Surface deposition of the Enceladus plume and the zenith angle of emissions

Abstract Since the discovery of an ice particle plume erupting from the south polar terrain on Saturn’s moon Enceladus, the geophysical mechanisms driving its activity have been the focus of substantial scientific research. The pattern and deposition rate of plume material on Enceladus’ surface is of interest because it provides valuable information about the dynamics of the ice particle ejection as well as the surface erosion. Surface deposition maps derived from numerical plume simulations by Kempf et al. (2010) have been used by various researchers to interpret data obtained by various Cassini instruments. Here, an updated and detailed set of deposition maps is provided based on a deep-source plume model (Schmidt et al., 2008), for the eight ice-particle jets identified in Spitale and Porco (2007), the updated set of jets proposed in Porco et al. (2014), and a contrasting curtain-style plume proposed in Spitale et al. (2015). Methods for computing the surface deposition are detailed, and the structure of surface deposition patterns is shown to be consistent across changes in the production rate and size distribution of the plume. Maps are also provided of the surface deposition structure originating in each of the four Tiger Stripes. Finally, the differing approaches used in Porco et al. (2014) and Spitale et al. (2015) have given rise to a jets vs. curtains controversy regarding the emission structure of the Enceladus plume. Here we simulate each, leading to new insight that, over time, most emissions must be directed relatively orthogonal to the surface because jets “tilted” significantly away from orthogonal lead to surface deposition patterns inconsistent with surface images. Data for maps are available in HDF5 format for a variety of particle sizes at http://impact.colorado.edu/southworth_data .
Comparison of digital surface displacements of maxillary dentures based on noninvasive anatomic landmarks.

Abstract Statement of problem Artificial markers called fiducials are commonly used to orient digitized surfaces for analysis. However, when these markers are tangible and placed in the region of interest, they may alter surface topography and influence data analysis. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to apply a modified digital surface fitting method based on anatomic landmarks to evaluate denture accuracy and to use 2 different denture processing techniques to evaluate the method. The goal was to noninvasively measure and describe any surface differences in denture processing techniques at the intaglio and denture tooth levels. Material and methods Twenty standardized maxillary complete dentures were waxed on standardized edentulous casts and processed by using acrylic resin compression (COM, n=10) and injection molding (INJ, n=10) methods. Digital scans were recorded of the anatomic surface of the cast, the intaglio and cameo surfaces of the acrylic resin dentures, and the cameo surface of the wax dentures. Three anatomic fiducials were identified on denture intaglio and cast scans and 4 on the cameo surfaces of waxed and acrylic resin denture scans. These fiducials were then used to digitally align the anatomic with the processed intaglio surfaces and the waxed with the processed cameo surfaces. Surface displacements were compared among processed dentures expressed at specific points (9 tissue landmarks and 8 tooth landmarks). The accuracy of surface displacements was assessed by changes in the number and location of anatomic fiducials. The scanning precision and the intraobserver repeatability in the selection of dental landmarks were also determined. For each landmark, the spatial (x, y, and z) mean differences between the 2 processing techniques were calculated for the intaglio and the cameo surfaces and presented on each orthogonal plane. Statistical nonparametric comparison of these means was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test (α=.05). Benjamini-Hochberg corrections for multiple comparisons were used. Results Changing the number and the location of anatomic landmarks had a small effect on the precision of the surface fitting. Repeated scans yielded high precision levels. In contrast, intraobserver repeatability had a larger error. In general, injection-molded dentures showed less displacement after polymerization than did the compression-molded ones. These differences were more substantial at the denture tooth level than on the intaglio surfaces. Conclusions Anatomic noninvasive fiducials chosen at distinct locations of maxillary edentulous areas seem to be reliable markers for the superposition of corresponding digital surface scans. Maxillary dentures processed with the injection molding technique have minimal deformation. Posterior denture teeth displace in 3 dimensions with the compression molding technique.
Lithium Amino Alkoxide-Evans Enolate Mixed Aggregates: Aldol Addition with Matched and Mismatched Stereocontrol

Building on structural and mechanistic studies of lithiated enolates derived from acylated oxazolidinones (Evans enolates) and chiral lithiated amino alkoxides, we found that amino alkoxides amplify the enantioselectivity of aldol additions. The pairing of enantiomeric series affords matched and mismatched stereoselectivities. The structures of mixed tetramers showing 2:2 and 3:1 (alkoxide-rich) stoichiometries are determined spectroscopically. Rate and computational studies provide a viable mechanistic and stereochemical model based on the direct reaction of the 3:1 mixed tetramers, but they raise unanswered questions for the 2:2 mixed aggregates.
Does Prior Bariatric Surgery Affect Implant Survivorship and Complications Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty/Total Knee Arthroplasty?

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of prior bariatric surgery on survivorship, outcome, and complications following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA)/total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Using the Medicare 5% part B data from 1999 to 2012, we analyzed patients who underwent primary THA (n = 47,895) and primary TKA (n = 86,609). Patients with prior bariatric surgery before arthroplasty were compared to patients with other common metabolic conditions. Kaplan-Meier risk of revision THA/TKA for those with and without bariatric surgery and each of the metabolic bone conditions was calculated. The risk for infection was also evaluated. Regression analysis was used to determine the relative risk of revision at various time intervals for those with and without each of the metabolic conditions. Analysis was also adjusted for the metabolic conditions, age, gender, socioeconomic status, and Charlson comorbidity index. Results The prevalence of patients with prior bariatric surgery within 24 months of primary THA/TKA was 0.1%. Benchmarked against other common chronic metabolic conditions, bariatric surgery prior to THA was not associated with an increased risk for revision surgery at all measured intervals but positively correlated with increased risk for developing infections. Conversely, patients undergoing primary TKA following bariatric surgery were at increased risk for revision compared to controls but not at increased risk for infection. Conclusion The impact of bariatric surgery prior to elective THA/TKA remains unclear. These patients remain at increased risk for infections following THA and revisions following TKA.
The struggle to achieve internal legitimacy for tribal nations

ABSTRACTTribal nations have entered an era of nation building or the process by which a native nation enhances its foundational capacity for effective self-governance and self-determination. While ...