cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of BMI with Socioeconomic Characteristics

MAHASIN S. MUJAHID, DIEZ ROUX, ANA V., BORRELL, LUISA N., AND NIETO, F. JAVIER. Crosssectional and longitudinal associations of BMI with socioeconomic characteristics.Obes Res. 2005;13:1412–1421. Objective: To examine cross sectional and longitudinal associations of socioeconomic position and neighborhood environments with BMI in a middle-aged and bi-ethnic cohort. Research Methods and Procedures: Analyses were based on 13,167 subjects (45 to 64 years) who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, a populationbased study. Census block groups were used as proxies for neighborhoods and were characterized using a summary socioeconomic score. BMI was measured at baseline and at three follow-up visits over a 9-year period. Results: Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics were independently and inversely associated with BMI at baseline in women [mean difference in kilograms per meter squared per unit increase in socioeconomic category (SE) for white and black women respectively; 1.56 (0.14), 1.59 (0.19) for education; 1.07 (0.10), 1.18 (0.18) for income; and 1.04 (0.09), 0.77 (0.18) for neighborhood characteristics]. Results for men were not as consistent. Baseline BMI was negatively associated with income in white men but was positively associated with education, income, and neighborhood characteristics in black men. BMI increased over time regardless of gender or race and in most age groups. In whites, there were no consistently patterned differences in longitudinal trends in BMI by individual or neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. However, in blacks, there was some evidence of greater increases in the higher socioeconomic status groups. Discussion: Socioeconomic factors are inversely associated with BMI in middle-aged women, possibly reflecting socially patterned exposures occurring in childhood and adolescence. However, recent increases over time in BMI are either not clearly patterned by socioeconomic factors or are greater in the higher socioeconomic status groups.
Mutations in the human gene for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) in the Marfan syndrome and related disorders

The extracellular microfibril, 10-14 nm in diameter, performs a number of functions, including serving as the scaffolding for deposition of tropoelastin to form elastic fibers. A variety of proteins compose the structure of microfibrils, the most prominent of which are the two fibrillins. Fibrillin-1 is encoded by FBN1 on human chromosome 15q21 and fibrillin-2 is encoded by FBN2 on 5q23. Each fibrillin monomer contains a large number of epidermal growth factor-like motifs, most capable of binding calcium ions, and a few motifs resembling the binding protein for transforming growth factor beta. In vitro polymerization of fibrillin monomers produces 'beads on a string' structures that look on electron microscopy much like microfibrils purified from the extracellular matrices of a variety of tissues. Mutations in FBN1 produce Marfan syndrome, a pleiotropic autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with prominent manifestations in the skeleton, eye and cardiovascular system. A number of conditions related to Marfan syndrome are also due to FBN1 mutations. Contractural arachnodactyly is due to mutations in FBN2. In this paper we review the published mutations in these genes, preliminary results of genotype-phenotype correlations, and speculations regarding molecular pathogenesis.
Regulatory Rescaling in Neoliberal Markets

Neoliberal reforms substitute “self-regulating” markets for political coordination, but are often accompanied by an expansion of the state. Scholars argue that this is because market-facilitating regulations increase. Through a mixed-methods study of two urban production economies, I show that political actors also make markets through regulatory rescaling—intervention that suppresses market coordination in one arena to enable it in another. Local owners once used price competition and gift exchange to coordinate localized aspects of production, but many of their firms were acquired by larger corporations. Corporate subsidiaries lack the place-specific knowledge and relationships necessary to coordinate production with local owners. City-appointed development personnel solve this problem by rescaling the urban market: they provide firms with services and information that local owners once got from one another, thereby laying the foundations for national corporate competition and undercutting remaining owners’ ability to coordinate localized aspects of production themselves.
An Iterative Convex Optimization Procedure for Structural System Identification

Owing to the complexity of civil structures, structural behavior predicted by finite element models (built according to design drawings) is usually different from behavior of an actual structure in the field. To improve the prediction accuracy, finite element (FE) model updating can be performed based on sensor measurement from the actual structure. Numerous FE model updating algorithms have been developed in the past few decades. However, most existing algorithms suffer computational challenges when applied to large structures. The challenges are usually because that most existing algorithms attempt to solve non-convex optimization problems. As a result, the optimization process encounters convergence difficulty and cannot guarantee global optimum. To address the issue, this paper proposes an iterative convex optimization algorithm for FE model updating. The convex attribute of the optimization problem makes the solution process tractable and efficient. To validate the proposed algorithm, numerical simulation is conducted with a plane truss structure. The proposed approach successfully updates the simulation model and shows certain advantage over a conventional FE model updating algorithm.
Vernix caseosa peritonitis : Report of two cases with antenatal onset

Maternal peritonitis secondary to fetal vernix caseosa is considered an infrequent complication of cesarean section in which commonly spilled amniotic fluid is incompletely lavaged. Nine of the 10 reported cases have been diagnosed in the postpartum period after an uneventful cesarean section. Characteristically, vernix elicits granulomatous inflammation, occasionally with a mass lesion simulating bowel perforation and leading to colectomy. One case of antenatal leakage of amniotic fluid has been reported, also with granulomatous inflammation. We report two additional cases of antenatal leakage, both with acute inflammation lacking granulomatous features or mass lesions. The interval between amniotic fluid contamination and histopathologic evaluation is the basis for variations in the inflammatory pattern.
Use of Artificial Kidney for Removal of Barbiturates in Dogs.

SummaryAn artificial kidney of the Skegg-Leonards type was used successfully to lower blood barbiturate levels in dogs. Approximately 15 to 25% of the intravenously injected pentobarbital, 35% of intravenously injected amobarbital, and 40 to 70% of intra-peritoneally injected phenobarbital were recovered in the respective dialysates. This therapy was life saving in the phenobarbital experiments, of some value in the amobarbital intoxication, but of questionable value in pentobarbital poisoning.
Similarities: Nearest-Neighbor Classifiers

Two plants that look very much alike probably represent the same species; likewise, it is quite common that patients complaining of similar symptoms suffer from the same disease. In short, similar objects often belong to the same class—an observation that forms the basis of a popular approach to classification: when asked to determine the class of object x, find the training example most similar to it. Then label x with this example’s class.
Essays on Religion and Human Rights: Ground to Stand On

Acknowledgments Foreword John Kelsay Introduction Part I. In Defense of Rights: 1. Ground to stand on 2. Critical reflections on The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History by Samuel Moyn Part II. Religion and Rights: 3. Religion, human rights, and the secular state 4. Religion, human rights, and public reason: protecting the freedom of religion or belief 5. Rethinking tolerance: a human rights approach 6. A bang or a whimper?: Assessing some recent challenges to religious freedom in the United States 7. Religion and human rights: a personal testament Part III. Religion and the History of Rights: 8. Religion, peace, and the origins of nationalism 9. Roger Williams and the Puritan background of the establishment clause Part IV. Public Policy and the Restraint of Force: 10. Terrorism, public emergency, and international order 11. The academic in times of war 12. Obama and Niebuhr: religion and American foreign policy Afterword: ethics, religion, and human consciousness: further reflections on a 'two-tiered' or 'bifocal' approach to justification Appendix. Ethics and scholarship Index.
Redecisions in psychotherapy: A study of the effects of an intensive weekend group workshop.

Three hypotheses were postulated concerning the effects of an intensive weekend group workshop which emphasized the redecisional process of psychotherapy. As measured by the Personal Orientation In...
Free cooling: A complete solution on reducing total energy consumption for telecommunication base stations

Globalisation and modern economy are significantly depended on telecommunication industry. Accordingly the number of telecommunication base stations is increasing all over the world. Consequently network operators are looking for smart energy management architecture for their base stations. Cooling traditionally counted for 25–50% of the total energy consumption in a typical base station. This article addresses more energy efficient cooling strategies in order to reduce this figure. Combining air conditioning and free cooling systems (e.g. extracting fresh air into the envelope for the latter) is one of the promising and well-proven methods to reduce energy consumption in base stations. Furthermore, the potential of employing free cooling in either single zone (IT/electronic equipment and batteries in one envelope), or dual zones (IT/electronic equipment and batteries in two separate envelopes) strategies are investigated. Based on the results for an indoor temperature set point of 25 °C free cooling can cover approximately 21–94% of the total cooling demand depending on the location and the selected strategy.
Comparative time-resolved photoemission from the Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces

Citation: Ambrosio, M. J., & Thumm, U. (2016). Comparative time-resolved photoemission from the Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces. Physical Review A, 94(6), 14. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063424
Adaptive matrix vector product

We consider the following streaming problem: given a hardwired m × n matrix A together with a poly(mn)-bit hardwired string of advice that may depend on A, for any x with coordinates x1, . . . xn presented in order, output the coordinates of A · x in order. Our focus is on using as little memory as possible while computing A · x; we do not count the size of the output tape on which the coordinates of A · x are written; for some matrices A such as the identity matrix, a constant number of words of space is achievable. Such an algorithm has to adapt its memory contents to the changing structure of A and exploit it on the fly. We give a nearly tight characterization, for any number of passes over the coordinates of x, of the space complexity of such a streaming algorithm. Our characterization is constructive, in that we provide an efficient algorithm matching our lower bound on the space complexity. The essential parameters, streaming rank and multi-pass streaming rank of A, might be of independent interest, and we show they can be computed efficiently. We give several applications of our results to computing Johnson-Lindenstrauss transforms. Finally, we note that we can characterize the optimal space complexity when the coordinates of A · x can be written in any order.
Predicting Crowd Work Quality under Monetary Interventions

Work quality in crowdsourcing task sessions can change over time due to both internal factors, such as learning and boredom, and external factors like the provision of monetary interventions. Prior studies on crowd work quality have focused on characterizing the temporal behavior pattern as a result of the internal factors. In this paper, we propose to explicitly take the impact of external factors into consideration for modeling crowd work quality. We present a series of seven models from three categories (supervised learning models, autoregressive models and Markov models) and conduct an empirical comparison on how well these models can predict crowd work quality under monetary interventions on three datasets that are collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Our results show that all these models outperform the baseline models that don’t consider the impact of monetary interventions. Our empirical comparison further identifies the random forests model as an excellent model to use in practice as it consistently provides accurate predictions with high confidence across different datasets, and it also demonstrates robustness against limited training data and limited access to the ground truth.
Applying Urodynamic Findings to Clinical Practice

This chapter depicts how urodynamic studies are helpful in deciding whether or not surgery and physiotherapy are appropriate treatment/strategies for stress, urge, and mixed incontinence, as well as voiding dysfunction. Carefully selected practically based opinions are, given as there is a lack of evidence-based data thus far.
Heat transfer to liquid metals flowing turbulently and longitudinally through closely spaced rod bundles: Part II. Uniform heat flux at the inner surface of the cladding☆

Abstract This paper presents the results of an analytical study of liquid metal heat transfer in fully-developed, turbulent in-line flow through unbaffled, spacer-free rod bundles. The grid is equilateral triangular, and the boundary condition is uniform heat flux at the inner surface of the cladding. Results are compared with recent experimental results on mercury.
Application of Bio-Modified Montmorillonite Clay to Enhance Asphalt Oxidation Resistance

This study evaluates the effectiveness of using a Bio-modified Nanoclay additive (BNC) to reduce the oxidative aging of asphalt pavements. The study results through X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed that the modification of montmorillonite clay with bio-modifier increased the basal d-spacing of clay. The resulting nanoclay with increased interlayer spacing was chosen for application in asphalt binder. Rheological characterization of clay-modified asphalt binder were studied before and after oxidation aging. The effects of BNC on asphalt complex modulus were observed to be prevailing in the intermediate to high-temperature range. The aging resistance of asphalt binder showed improvement with the addition of nanoclay and the improvement was more notable in presence of bio modified-nanoclay than pure clay.
Induction of a ribosome-inactivating protein upon environmental stress.

Transcripts of altered abundance in RNA from unstressed and 500 mm salt-shocked Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant) were detected by reverse-transcription differential display (RT-DD). One transcript, Rip1, was of very low abundance in unstressed plants and was strongly induced by stress. RNA blot hybridizations showed strong induction and a diurnal rhythm of transcript abundance with a maximum each day around the middle of the light phase. Rip1 encodes a reading frame of 289 amino acids (molecular mass 32652), RIP1, with homology to single-chain ribosome inactivating proteins (rRNA N-glycosidases). The deduced amino acid sequence is 31.7% identical to pokeweed antiviral protein RIP-C (overall similarity 66.5%) with highest identity in domains of documented functional importance. RT-DD also detected mRNA for pyruvate,orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) which has already been shown to be stress-induced in the ice plant [16]. RIP1, expressed in Escherichia coli, showed rRNA N-glycosidase activity against ice plant and rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. The induction of Rip1 coincides with the transition period during which global changes in translation lead to adaptation of the ice plant to salt stress.
Phospholipid Turnover and Receptor Function

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews areas in phospholipid turnover function in membranes where there have been substantial advances over the past years. Phospholipids are hormone receptors and have some function beyond providing the lipid bilayer needed for the proper functioning of the receptors. Membrane phospholipids, phosphoinositides, are rich in arachidonic acid, which functions as a precursor of prostanoids. An increase in the formation of these messengers is controlled by regulating breakdown of membrane phospholipids. A problem in determining the role of phospholipids in membrane receptor function is that most receptors are intrinsic membrane proteins that normally function within the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. Treatment with phospholipases or the addition of phospholipids affects the hormone binding to membranes. Modification of the phospholipids around receptors has profound effects on their binding affinity and accessibility to ligands. Minor phospholipids affect the coupling of the ligand–receptor complex to some effector system.
Relationship between testicular volume and presence of varicocele: A comparative study☆

Abstract The varicocele, present in many of the male partners of infertile couples continues to generate controversy, particularly as related to its diagnosis and pathophysiology. The purpose of our study was to determine the relationship between testicular volume and the presence or absence of a varicocele. Testicular volume was determined by the use of an orchiometer; the presence of a varicole was determined by palpation during a Valsalva maneuver. The patients utilized in the study were those seen in our Andrology and General Urology Clinics; 291 patients with varicoceles and 83 control patients (no evidence of varicocele) were used. The left (mean = 21.4 mL) and right (mean = 23.4 mL) testicular volumes of patients with a varicocele were significantly reduced compared with that of the control group (left, mean = 23.4 mL; right, mean = 26.2 mL; p = 0.0041 and p = 0.002m, respectively). The testicular volume corrected on the basis of the body mass (V/M 2 ) also was significantly reduced in the varicocele group compared with controls (left p = 0.007; right p = 0.001). Reduced testicular volume relative to body size may be detected prior to actual demonstration of the stress pattern and the presence of a varicocele, and may be useful in early diagnosis. It is suggested that measurement of testicular volume may be a useful adjunct to routine examination of the infertile male.
‘This is Where the Magic Happens!': A study of creative practice

While creative professionals represent an increasingly important aspect of competitiveness in the new global economy, research to date has failed to address what this classification means in practice and how these professionals add economic value to organizations. This paper demystifies the classification “creative” by examining how it is performed, explained, and defended through workplace practice. Based on an ethnographic investigation of an advertising agency, I extend Pierre Bourdieu’s macrolevel concepts to the mesolevel, linking actors’ positions in the organizational field to their patterns of practice. I find that professionals employed in creative positions systematically differ from their market-oriented colleagues when expressing preferences, making decisions, and evaluating ideas. Despite the fact that these patterns are unstated and difficult to articulate, violations inspire boundary-work aimed at protecting their integrity. This process of distinction is synergistic with, although not anal...
Illustrating the Difference Between a Pigovian Tax and Emissions Fee Using Isoquant and Isocost Geometry

The study of environmental economics is motivated by the idea that pollution constitutes a negative externality. When production costs do not include the harm to human health and the environment, t...
Two-Step Small Scale Purification of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viruses

Abstract Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are robust and versatile tools for in vivo gene delivery. Natural and designer capsid variations in AAVs allow for targeted gene delivery to specific cell types. Low immunogenicity and lack of pathogenesis also add to the popularity of this virus as an innocuous gene delivery vector for gene therapy. AAVs are routinely used to express recombinases, sensors, detectors, CRISPR-Cas9 components, or to simply overexpress a gene of interest for functional studies. High production demand has given rise to multiple platforms for production and purification of AAVs. However, most platforms rely heavily on large amounts of starting material and multiple purification steps to produce highly purified viral particles. Often, researchers require several small-scale purified AAVs. Here, we describe a simple and efficient technique for purification of recombinant AAVs from small amounts of starting material in a two-step purification method. In this method, AAVs are released into the packaging cell medium using high salt concentration and pelleted by ultracentrifugation to remove soluble impurities. Then, the resuspended pellet is purified using a protein spin-concentrator. The two-step purification consisting of ultracentrifugation and spin-concentration eliminates the need for fraction collection and the time-consuming evaluation of individual fractionated aliquots for titer and purity. In this method, the resulting AAV preparations are comparable in titer and purity to commercially available samples. This simplified process can be used to rapidly generate highly purified AAV particles in small scale, thereby saving resources.
Bleeding risk in thrombocytopenic patients after dental extractions: a retrospective single-center study

Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical safety profile of dental extractions in patients with thrombocytopenia and explore the effectiveness of platelet transfusion before dental extractions. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with moderate to severe (≤100,000/μL) thrombocytopenia who underwent dental extractions in the Oral Medicine and Dentistry Clinic at Brigham and Women's Hospital from 2003 to 2019. Patients with a platelet count Results Eighty-nine thrombocytopenic patients were identified. Postextraction bleeding complications occurred in 4 patients (4.4%). Surgical extractions and multiple number of extractions were significantly associated with an increased bleeding risk (P Conclusions Dental extractions in patients with thrombocytopenia may be performed with a positive safety profile by following a comprehensive medical evaluation, thorough treatment planning, adequate surgical management, use of local hemostatic measures, and, importantly, coordination of care with the patient's medical team.
Efficacy and toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced melanoma: A single institution experience.

59Background: Historically, the prognosis of advanced melanoma has been poor. Recent landmark studies (KEYNOTE-006, CheckMate 066, CheckMate 037 and CheckMate 067) have shown significant improvemen...
Concomitant carotid endarterectomy and cardiac surgery does not decrease postoperative stroke rates.

Abstract Objective The timing of operative revascularization for patients with concomitant carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease remains controversial. We examined the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database to evaluate the association of combined carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with postoperative outcomes. Methods All patients undergoing CABG with known carotid stenosis of >80% were identified from 2011 to 2016. Individuals were stratified by use of cardiopulmonary bypass and whether a concomitant CEA was performed at the time of CABG. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the probability of combined CABG and CEA. The resulting propensity scores were used to match individuals on the basis of clinical and operative characteristics to evaluate primary (30-day mortality and in-hospital transient ischemic attack and stroke) and secondary (STS morbidity composite events and length of stay) end points, with P Results After propensity score matching, 994 off-pump CABG patients (497 CABG only and 497 CABG-CEA) and 5952 on-pump CABG patients (2976 CABG only and 2976 CABG-CEA) were identified. For patients who received on-pump operations, those undergoing CABG-CEA had no observed difference in rate of in-hospital stroke (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.21; P = .6), higher incidence of STS morbidity composite events (OR, 1.15, 95% CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03), longer length of stay (7.0 [interquartile range, 5.0-9.0] days vs 6.0 [interquartile range, 5.0-9.0] days; P Conclusions Whereas the differences are relatively small, these data suggest that a combined CABG-CEA approach is unlikely to provide significant stroke reduction benefit compared with CABG only. However, comparison with staged approaches merits further investigation.
Inter-caste Marriage in Conflict Settings: War, Displacement, and Social Conditions in Cross-caste Kinship Formations in Jaffna, Northern SriLanka

The war and subsequent displacements changed the social and spatial practices around caste, which resulted in an increase in inter-caste marriages, which had been taboo before. This unintentional rebellion was mounted to the very core of caste through these inter-caste marriages. However, the new caste practices and performances that now revolved around these new inter-caste kin networks continued to reproduce old hierarchies, even as it created space for change. This study highlights how various determining factors such as repeated displacement of families, the close geographic proximity resulting from inevitable cross-caste interactions, love and intimate relationship, the safeguard different caste individuals extended to each other during the periods of crisis and emergency and socioeconomic advancements have together contributed to the steady growth of inter-caste interaction and marriages and have over-ridden caste taboos. This study mainly focuses on two areas namely Puṅgudutīvu and Mallākam in Jaffna, Northern Sri Lanka, where 116 inter-caste marriages were recorded and three were taken for a detailed case study.
The Existential Demands of Race: Dialogues in Theological Anthropology

The existential demands of race speak to the necessity of conceptualizing what race is in conjunction with what it means to be human. Both meanings intersect epistemologically and phenomenologically, such that what race is informs what it means to be human as much as what it means to be human informs what race is. In this way, “blackness” becomes both the concept and the embodiment of what race is and what it means to be human. Theological anthropology presents a framework by which “what race is” as a concept can be distinguished from “what it means to be human” as an embodiment. This distinction is calibrated through a theologizing about God from the meaningfulness of “what it means to be human” beyond “what race is.” More importantly, this differentiation is respectively between “what race is” in theory and “what race is” in praxis as what it means to be human, to the extent that what becomes specifically existential in the meaningfulness of race is translated by what becomes generally existential in the meaningfulness of human embodiment.
Experimental observation on the yellow mice(Citellus undulatus) infected with Yersinia pestis over the winter

Objective To analysis and determine the possibility of the Citellus undulatus infected with Yersinia pestis surviving the winter in an experimental study, and to provide scientific experimental basis for the study on the mechanism of Yersinia pestis preservation. Method In 2006,09 to 2007,04 and 2007,09 to 2008,04 in Xinjiang Wusu-Gurtu natural foci of plague, under natural conditions, the over the winter process of Citellus undulatus carrying the plague bacteria was simulated, and 178 Citellus undulatus were infected with Yersinia pestis (1×107 Bacteria/mouse) using artificial injection method. One hundred seventy-eight Citellus undulatus infected with Yersinia pestis were kept into a construction of the black (1-5 ℃) basement (2 meters under the ground) in the plague focus. In doing so, these Citellus undulatuses almost simultaneously stepped into hibernation. After waking up from hibernation in following year in April, the survived mice carrying the plague bacteria were observed. Results Sixty-eight mice survived among the 178 infected with Yersinia pestis after 6 months of hibernation (through October to the following year in April), and the remaining 110 were all dead without pulling through the hibernation period. The survival rate was 38.2% (68/178). The organ culture of Yersinia pestis of the 110 dead mice(Citellus undnlatus) were tested, 67 were negative(-), 43 positive(+), with a positive rate of 39.1%(43/110). Among the rats with positive plague bacteria, the congestive pulmonary edema and the pathological changes of the hemorrhagic inflammation of the heart, liver, spleen, kidney and injection site could be seen clearly; the plague-free mice were not found to have any pathological changes. The survived 68 mice over the winter were autopsied and observed after being fed up for 20 days. No any pathological changes were found among these mice, and culturing of Yersinia pestis of the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and the tissue of injection site of these mice were all negative (-). Conclusions Citellus undulatus can carry Yersinia pestis during hibernation, but some fail to carry the bacteria through the entire process of hibernation persistently. Yersinia pestis was negative in the survived mice at the end of hibernation. The results showed that Citellus undulatus can not carry Yersinia pestis over the winter. Key words: Citellus undulatus; Yersinia pestis; Hibernation; Test over winter
Summary of performance: bridging the transition from high school to Post-Secondary education for students with SLD

Transition for students with disabilities has been the focus of educational policies for several decades. Still, students with disabilities, including those with a specific learning disability (SLD...
Educational Tool and Active-Learning Class Activity for Teaching Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering.

To incorporate active learning and cooperative teamwork in statistics classroom, this article introduces a creative 3D educational tool and an in-class activity designed for introducing the topic o...
Indian Remains, Human Rights: Reconsidering Entitlement Under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

Documenting contemporary difficulties in realizing indigenous property rights, this article posits that human rights and property rights are inextricably linked. The ability to hold property and wield power is essential to the exercise of other basic human rights. Thus, the recognition of property rights is critical as it allows groups to function as “economic actors” in society. Because classical property models operate to deprive indigenous peoples of the right to control their own property — tangible and intangible — they are often powerless to exercise their human rights. This article contends that the human rights goals of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) will only be realized through a fundamental shift in thinking from an individual rights-oriented property model to one capable of accommodating both the rights and responsibilities inherent in property ownership. Finally, this article asserts that it is necessary to move beyond the classical property model — one which considers the rights but not the obligations of individual property owners — to new models of property capable of reconceptualizing ownership and entitlement for the protection of indigenous peoples’ human rights and continued existence.
Cell–Matrix Interactions in the Eye: From Cornea to Choroid

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in all parts of the eye, from maintaining clarity and hydration of the cornea and vitreous to regulating angiogenesis, intraocular pressure maintenance, and vascular signaling. This review focuses on the interactions of the ECM for homeostasis of normal physiologic functions of the cornea, vitreous, retina, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane, and choroid as well as trabecular meshwork, optic nerve, conjunctiva and tenon's layer as it relates to glaucoma. A variety of pathways and key factors related to ECM in the eye are discussed, including but not limited to those related to transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic-fibroblastic growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases (including MMP-2 and MMP-9, and MMP-14), collagen IV, fibronectin, elastin, canonical signaling, integrins, and endothelial morphogenesis consistent of cellular activation-tubulogenesis and cellular differentiation-stabilization. Alterations contributing to disease states such as wound healing, diabetes-related complications, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, angiogenesis, fibrosis, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and posteriorly inserted vitreous base are also reviewed.
Dating attitudes and behaviors of American and Chinese college students: A partial replication

Research reveals a vibrant courtship process during adolescence in the United States. Fewer studies exist, however, on the courtship process in China, a country which is undergoing tremendous econo...
Female gender is associated with increased late luminal narrowing within the stent graft after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Background Luminal narrowing, suspected secondary to thrombus, occurs within stent grafts at an unclear incidence after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The significance of this phenomenon has not been determined, nor have the risk factors for development of intragraft luminal narrowing. Small graft diameter is hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of ingraft stenosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of a multicenter healthcare system including all patients who underwent TEVAR between July 2011 and July 2019 with at least 1 year of subsequently available surveillance contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging. Standard demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were collected. Measurements were obtained via direct off-line images from computed tomography scans. Patent intragraft diameters were compared with baseline and interval change values were normalized to time to follow-up. The primary outcome measure was annual rate of intragraft luminal narrowing. Results There were 208 patients who met the inclusion criteria (94 women, 114 men) with a median follow-up of 822 days. The mean annual rate of percent intragraft diameter reduction was 10.5 ± 7.7% for women and 7.6 ± 5.6% for men (P = .0026). Multivariate analysis demonstrated female gender (P = .0283), preoperative diagnosis of hypertension (P = .0449), and need for coverage of the left subclavian artery (P = .0328) were all significant predictors of intragraft luminal narrowing. Small aortic diameters were not found to be associated independently with ingraft luminal narrowing nor was the concomitant use of antiplatelet or anticoagulation medications. Significant amounts of ingraft luminal narrowing, defined as a greater than 20% intragraft diameter decrease, were associated with an increased need for any reintervention, including for malperfusion, endoleak, and symptomatic aneurysm (P = .0249). Kaplan-Meier estimates demonstrated a significant gender-associated difference in high rates of intragraft luminal narrowing (P = .00189). Conclusions In this analysis, female gender is shown to be a significant nonmodifiable risk factor for intragraft luminal narrowing after TEVAR. The development of this phenomenon is not benign; as such, these findings were associated with an increased need for reintervention. This finding may be attributable to differences in aortic compliance or gender-associated differences in coagulation pathways and merits further investigation. Surveillance after thoracic stent grafting must account for patient-specific variations in complication risk.
Millimeter Wave Antenna Design for On-Chip Electro-Optical Sensing Devices Using Optical Up-Conversion

Advances in Electro-Optics (EO) in terms of materials and micro-and-nanofabrication processes have provided new capabilities for EO sensing devices. These new capabilities include increased sensitivity, tolerance to electromagnetic interference, and higher bandwidth performance. One such widely used device is the electro-optic modulator (EOM). EOM makes use of an incident RF signal to modulate an optical carrier. In a functional EOM, the modulation take place within the active optical area of the nonlinear EO device material. These nonlinear EO materials have an electro-optic effect properties. Examples of these materials are nonlinear polymers and lithium niobate (LN).
Using Theory to Drive Influenza Related Text Messaging Interventions: A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Development of the Theory Based Influenza Related Text Messages Content for Clarity, Internal Consistency, and Content Validity

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice recommends all children be vaccinated annually against Influenza. Given the increased use of technology as a strategy to increase immunization coverage, theory-based text messaging may result in higher vaccination rates than traditional vaccine reminders. This article describes the development of theory-based text messages for parents of 5 to 8-year-old children that can be implemented in primary care settings. The development of the text messages was guided by constructs from the Health Belief Model. A pilot study was conducted with community pediatric vaccine health care providers n = 6, and parents of 5 to 8-year-old children n = 8 to evaluate the text message content for clarity, internal consistency, and content validity. The evaluation results indicated that our intervention was successful in creating a low cost, theory-based educational intervention that garnered community investment and met the cultural relevance and literacy needs of the priority population.
Health Promotion using Tablet Technology with Older Adult African American Methadone Clients: A Case Study

This exploratory study examined three single case studies to investigate the feasibility of handheld tablet computers for older adult methadone clients. The intervention targeted African American adults (N = 3) over the age of 50 who were in substance abuse treatment. Subjects participated, via a face-to-face video program, in 12 educational sessions focused on healthy living. Both the feasibility of teaching older adult subjects to use tablet computers and their levels of engagement in the intervention were assessed. In addition, completion of participants’ goals and their ability to remember those goals were tracked weekly. Findings revealed that participants were able to learn how to operate the tablets and enjoyed using the technology. Frequent interactions between the counselors and the participants, using face-to-face video, facilitated success in achieving program goals.
Mechanism of telomerase repression during terminal differentiation of normal epithelial cells and squamous carcinoma lines.

Stratified squamous epithelial cells undergo an orderly process of cell cycle arrest following detachment from the basement membrane. The basal layer cells which adhere to the basement membrane express telomerase, which maintains the ends of chromosomes in this rapidly dividing population. Non-dividing suprabasal cells downregulate telomerase activity. However, the mechanisms regulating this inhibition are unknown. We examined the regulation of telomerase expression in anchorage-deprived normal human epidermal keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinoma lines. Anchorage-deprived cells underwent rapid loss of telomerase activity. Attachment loss was associated with increased ERK1 activity, Gl to S phase progression, and subsequent G2 arrest. Adhesion to collagen via specific integrin subunits inhibited ERK1 activity and telomerase repression. Loss of telomerase expression was associated with recruitment of an Rb/HDAC 1 repressor complex to the -98 E2F site of the hTERT promoter. We propose a mechanism by which anchorage deprivation inhibits telomerase activity in stratified squamous epithelial cells and squamous cell carcinoma lines.
An Adaptive Decomposition: Application to Turbulence

Abstract Nine hours of 45 meter tower anemometer measurements are analyzed to demonstrate an adaptive method for decomposing a time series into orthogonal modes of variation. In conventional partitioning (or filtering) the cutoff scales are specified a priori to be constant throughout the record. Applying a constant cutoff scale is less effective if two different physical modes vary on overlapping scales, since the statistical partitioning is then physically ambiguous. For the turbulence data analyzed in this study, motions leading to a majority of the momentum flux intermittently occur on small scales which otherwise lead to little flux. To better separate the transporting motions from the more random motions, the cutoff scale separating these two modes is allowed to vary with record position. The entire record of data is partitioned into four modes of variation using a piece-wise constant (Haar) decomposition. The two larger scale modes are characterized as the mesoscale and large eddy modes. Similar to conventional partitioning, these two modes are determined by spatially constant cutoff scales. The two smaller scale modes on the other hand, are separated by a scale which depends on the local transport characteristics of the flow. Local extremes in the spatial distribution of momentum flux determine the partitioning between the two small scale modes. This leads to an adaptive cutoff scale, which better isolates the transport mode responsible for a majority of the momentum flux. The spatial variation of this cutoff scale allows the time series to be decomposed into modes which are physically more pure as is verified in terms of traditional statistics for each mode. For example, the gradient skewness in the longitudinal wind component for the main transporting eddies is –0.23 using a constant cutoff scale and –0.85 using the adaptive cutoff scale indicating that the shear driven transporting eddies are more completely isolated using the variable cutoff scale. The remaining small scale deviations define the fine scale mode, which consist of non-transporting nearly isotropic motions.
Environmental Determinants of Housing Prices: The Impact of Flood Zone Status

This article is the winner of the Real Estate Valuation manuscript prize (sponsored by The Appraisal Institute) presented at the 2000 American Real Estate Society Annual Meeting.This study examines...
Collision-induced absorption in dipolar molecule-homonuclear diatomic pairs

Theoretical expressions for the collision-induced absorption spectra of a dipolar and a homonuclear diatomic pair are presented. For the dipolar species, the line strengths and transition frequencies are taken from the HITRAN database, whereas for the homonuclear molecule, the polarizability matrix elements and spectroscopic parameters are obtained from the literature. As specific examples, we consider the double fundamental vibrational transition in CO2−N2, and the H2O−N2 transition in the region of the nitrogen fundamental. For the former pair, the theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data. For the latter pair, we show that the collision-induced absorption for high humidity conditions is larger than that of N2−N2 pairs above 2500 cm−11, but for lower wavenumbers, it is much weaker than the measured foreign continuum resulting from the far wings of allowed transitions.
Impact of Marriage Restriction Amendments on Family Members of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals: A Mixed‐Method Approach

This study explored the experiences of family members of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals (N= 198) following the 2006 November election in the United States. Family members in states that passed a constitutional amendment to restrict marriage recognition (PASS) reported greater exposure to negative media messages about LGB individuals and greater negative affect related to the amendments than family members living in non-PASS states. Family members in PASS states reported similar exposure to negative media and affect but less stress than LGB PASS individuals (N= 361). Analysis of responses to an open-ended question about feelings about marriage amendments revealed 6 themes, including concern for the safety and well-being of LGB family members and negative impact on family. Overall, findings suggest that family members may experience increased concern for LGB family members during policy initiatives aimed at LGB individuals. Social justice implications for family members are discussed.
EMISSIONS AND ECONOMY POTENTIAL OF PRECHAMBER STRATIFIED CHARGE ENGINES

In order to meet stringent government emissions standards without penalizing the fuel economy of gasoline engine cars, a number of alternative engine concepts have been investigated. This paper describes a research investigation and parallel development activity on prechamber stratified charge engines. Single-cylinder engine investigations are first described. Alternative design and operating parameters are investigated and compared in these engines. Design and development of two multicylinder engine designs incorporating prechamber 3-valve configurations is next described. Finally, a car development and evaluation program is outlined. Results of the above prechamber stratified charge engines are compared with conventional engines in order to assess and evaluate the emission and economy potential of this type of engine. The authors conclude that this type of stratified charge engine possesses Nox emission and fuel economy performance similar to a conventional engine but at a high HC emission level.
A Gray Wolf ( Canis lupus ) Delivers Live Prey to a Pup

A two-year-old sibling Gray Wolf ( Canis lupus ) carefully captured an Arctic Hare ( Lepus arcticus ) leveret alive on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, and delivered it alive to a pup 28–33 days old. This appears to be the first observation of a Gray Wolf delivering live prey to a pup.
Balancing conflicting requirements for grid and particle decomposition in continuum-Lagrangian solvers

Abstract Load balancing strategies for hybrid solvers that involve grid based partial differential equation solution coupled with particle tracking are presented in this paper. A typical Message Passing Interface (MPI) based parallelization of grid based solves are done using a spatial domain decomposition while particle tracking is primarily done using either of the two techniques. One of the techniques is to distribute the particles to MPI ranks to whose grid they belong to while the other is to share the particles equally among all ranks, irrespective of their spatial location. The former technique provides spatial locality for field interpolation but cannot assure load balance in terms of number of particles, which is achieved by the latter. The two techniques are compared for a case of particle tracking in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence box as well as a turbulent jet case. A strong scaling study is performed to more than 32,000 cores, which results in particle densities representative of anticipated exascale machines. The use of alternative implementations of MPI collectives and efficient load equalization strategies are studied to reduce data communication overheads.