cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Dimensional white matter atlas generation and group analysis

We present a two-step process including white matter atlas generation and automatic segmentation. Our atlas generation method is based on population fiber clustering. We produce an atlas which contains high-dimensional descriptors of fiber bundles as well as anatomical label information. We use the atlas to automatically segment tractography in the white matter of novel subjects and we present quantitative results (FA measurements) in segmented white matter regions from a small population. We demonstrate reproducibility of these measurements across scans. In addition, we introduce the idea of using clustering for automatic matching of anatomical structures across hemispheres.
Theory of ranked-order filters with applications to feature extraction and interpretive transforms

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses two approaches: (1) development of the theory of the filter, and (2) applications of the filter. The development of the theory is approached from two perspectives, statistical and logical. The chapter presents the statistical analysis concerning the probability distribution of the filtered data and the associated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The filter has not been widely used for noise reduction, and SNR theory of the filter has not been fully described. Logical theory leads to the understanding of the way in which the filter functions to enable its use as a tool based on the morphology of the roots of the filter in one, two, and possibly three dimensions. The logical analysis of the filter is much richer in content and leads to the logical theory of the ranked-order filter. The roots of the filter are a relatively small number of patterns of data satisfying a relational structure and are transparent to the filter. As these roots are defined by a relational structure, the co-joining or conjunction of them is similarly constrained by a relational structure.
Sulfonylurea Prescribing Patterns After the Introduction of DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Abstract Purpose Although newer agents (dipeptidyl peptidase [DPP]-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide [GLP]-1 receptor agonists) are available for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the impact of the availability of these agents on the use of second-generation sulfonylureas (SUs) is unknown. This article presents percentages of patients prescribed SUs, using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). The associations between SU prescribing and prespecified variables of interest were also explored. Methods The NAMCS database was queried for visits of patients aged ≥18 years with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic code relevant to T2DM. χ 2 tests were conducted to assess the associations between SU use and year-group (2003–2004, 2007–2008, or 2009–2010) and other variables of interest. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to jointly assess the value of these variables in predicting SU use. All analyses were weighted using procedures recommended by the National Center for Health Statistics. Findings Data from 7042 eligible visits were included, representing an extrapolated national estimate of 280,733,405 patient visits. The percentages of patients who received a prescription for an SU, by study year, were 25.7%, 23.4%, and 23.7% in 2003 to 2004, 2007 to 2008, and 2009 to 2010, respectively ( P = 0.57). In the multivariate model, age ≥70 years, male sex, nonwhite race, primary care physician seen, and concurrent DPP-4 inhibitor use were significantly associated with SU use. Implications No significant decrease in the use of SUs was observed after the introduction of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. However, patient-specific factors (eg, select demographic variables, site of care, and concurrent medication use) were associated with SU use.
Cross-Domain collaborative anomaly detection: so far yet so close

Web applications have emerged as the primary means of access to vital and sensitive services such as online payment systems and databases storing personally identifiable information. Unfortunately, the need for ubiquitous and often anonymous access exposes web servers to adversaries. Indeed, network-borne zero-day attacks pose a critical and widespread threat to web servers that cannot be mitigated by the use of signature-based intrusion detection systems. To detect previously unseen attacks, we correlate web requests containing user submitted content across multiple web servers that is deemed abnormal by local Content Anomaly Detection (CAD) sensors. The cross-site information exchange happens in real-time leveraging privacy preserving data structures. We filter out high entropy and rarely seen legitimate requests reducing the amount of data and time an operator has to spend sifting through alerts. Our results come from a fully working prototype using eleven weeks of real-world data from production web servers. During that period, we identify at least three application-specific attacks not belonging to an existing class of web attacks as well as a wide-range of traditional classes of attacks including SQL injection, directory traversal, and code inclusion without using human specified knowledge or input.
Nicotinic and muscarinic agonists stimulate rapid protein kinase C translocation in PC12 cells

Phosphoinositide hydrolysis, a major mechanism for signal transduction in neural cells, generates diacylglycerol, which can in turn activate protein kinase C (PKC). Although cholinergic agonists elicit phosphoinositide hydrolysis in neural tissues, little is known about activation of PKC by cholinergic agonists. PKC requires phosphatidylserine for activation, and in intact cells this lipid requirement is satisfied by binding of the enzyme to cell membranes. Therefore, in intact cells, activation of PKC is often associated with a decrease in cytosolic PKC activity accompanied by an increase in membrane-associated activity. We studied cholinergic-induced activation of PKC by examining changes in the subcellular distribution of the enzyme in PC12 cells treated with cholinergic drugs. Carbachol (1 mM) induced large and rapid increases in membrane-associated PKC activity; a maximal increase of 460% occurred after 5 sec of incubation. Carbachol-induced PKC translocation was concentration-dependent, with a biphasic dose-response curve yielding approximate EC50 values of 10(-6) M and 10(-4) M for the high- and low-affinity components, respectively. Experiments with selective cholinergic agents demonstrated that both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors are involved in carbachol-induced PKC translocation, but the response is predominantly mediated by nicotinic receptor stimulation. Muscarinic-induced association of PKC with cell membrane fractions was resistant to extraction by chelators, whereas nicotinic-mediated membrane binding was partially reduced by homogenization of cells in the presence of EGTA. Omission of calcium from the incubation medium or chelation of calcium with EGTA completely blocked muscarinic- and nicotinic-induced translocation. In addition, the calcium channel blocker nifedipine reduced the nicotinic response by 60%. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human poliovirus receptor gene expression and poliovirus tissue tropism in transgenic mice

Expression of the human poliovirus receptor (PVR) in transgenic mice results in susceptibility to poliovirus infection. In the primate host, poliovirus infection is characterized by restricted tissue tropism. To determine the pattern of poliovirus tissue tropism in PVR transgenic mice, PVR gene expression and susceptibility to poliovirus infection were examined by in situ hybridization. PVR RNA is expressed in transgenic mice at high levels in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system, developing T lymphocytes in the thymus, epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule and tubules in the kidney, alveolar cells in the lung, and endocrine cells in the adrenal cortex, and it is expressed at low levels in intestine, spleen, and skeletal muscle. After infection, poliovirus replication was detected only in neurons of the brain and spinal cord and in skeletal muscle. These results demonstrated that poliovirus tissue tropism is not governed solely by expression of the PVR gene nor by accessibility of cells to virus. Although transgenic mouse kidney tissue expressed poliovirus binding sites and was not a site of poliovirus replication, when cultivated in vitro, kidney cells developed susceptibility to infection. Identification of the changes in cultured kidney cells that permit poliovirus infection may provide information on the mechanism of poliovirus tissue tropism.
Cluster statistics and traffic on a lattice

We describe traffic on a two dimensional lattice modelled using a cellular automaton. The theoretical approach valid in the low density region employs cluster statistics. The derived central formula for the velocity vs. density relation nicely agrees with simulation results. In our approach the explicit traffic rules solely enter through combinatorics accounting for average crossing traffics.
Twice-weekly fluconazole prophylaxis in premature infants: association with cholestasis.

Background: Fluconazole prophylaxis is effective in preventing invasive candidiasis in extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants. The authors previously reported an increased incidence of cholestasis with fluconazole prophylaxis in ELBW infants, which led to fluconazole prophylaxis being changed to a less frequent dosing (LFD) schedule of twice a week at their institution. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of LFD fluconazole prophylaxis in preventing invasive candidiasis in ELBW infants. Methods: ELBW infants who received the LFD regimen of fluconazole (twice a week for up to 6 weeks) were compared with infants who received the frequent dosing (FD) schedule (every 72 h for first 2 weeks, every 48 h for next 2 weeks and every 24 h for the final 2 weeks). The two groups were compared for baseline demographics, risk factors for candidiasis, the rate of invasive fungal infection and the incidence and severity of cholestasis. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of invasive candidiasis in infants who received the LFD (2/104, 2%) compared to FD (0/140, 0%; P= 0.4) fluconazole prophylaxis. The severity of cholestasis was lower and a trend towards decreased incidence of cholestasis was observed on the LFD schedule. Conclusion: The LFD regimen of fluconazole prophylaxis is effective in preventing invasive fungal infection in ELBW infants. The severity of cholestasis was decreased with the LFD schedule.
Voided Ballots in the 1996 Presidential Election: A County-Level Analysis

This county-level study examines factors associated with the rate of voided presidential ballots in the 1996 elections. Evidence indicates that voided ballots are significantly more prevalent in counties with higher percentages of African Americans and Hispanics. The relationship between voided ballots and African Americans disappears, however, in counties using voting equipment that can be programmed to eliminate overvoting. The rate of voided ballots is lower in larger counties and in counties with a higher percentage of high school graduates. The rate of voided ballots declines as the number of presidential candidates on the ballot increases, but only up to a point, and then rises with further increases. Lever machines generate the lowest rates of voided ballots among types of voting equipment, with punch card systems generating the highest rates.
Traumatic avulsion of the ligamentum teres without dislocation of the hip. Two case reports.

Deux malades presentent une coxalgie persistante apres un traumatisme. A l'operation on decouvre un arrachement du ligament rond avec un fragment chondral ou osteochondral attache a l'extremite libre du ligament, sans luxation de la hanche. La resection du ligament et du fragment a fait disparaitre la douleur
Evaluating Polarimetric X-Band Radar Rainfall Estimators during HMT

Abstract Different relations between rainfall rate R and polarimetric X-band radar measurables were evaluated using the radar, disdrometer, and rain gauge measurements conducted during the 4-month-long field experiment. The specific differential phase shift KDP–based estimators generally show less scatter resulting from variability in raindrop size distributions than with the power-based relations. These estimators depend on model assumptions about the drop aspect ratios and are not applicable for lighter rainfalls. The polynomial approximation for the mean drop aspect ratio provides R–KDP relations that result overall in good agreement between the radar retrievals of rainfall accumulations and estimates from surface rain gauges. The accumulation data obtained from power estimators that use reflectivity Zeh and differential reflectivity ZDR measurements generally exhibit greater standard deviations with respect to the gauge measurements. Unlike the phase-based estimators, the power-based estimators have a...
Atypical Fibroxanthoma of the Skin: Report of a Case With Langerhans-like Granules

• A 58-year-old man had an atypical fibroxanthoma of the face. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies disclosed that the tumor was composed of three types of cells: spindle-shaped fibroblasts, histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells with histiocytic features. Langerhans-like granules were observed in occasional histiocytes in this tumor. ( Arch Dermatol 1984;120:234-239)
Mathematical models of delayed reactions in rats

Abstract Two models of delayed reactions, the Uncertain Trace and the Linear Trace-Decay models, were proposed and tested in a delayed-reaction T maze. S s trained with a short delay attained lower asymptotic performance levels than did S s trained on the same discrimination, but with no delay between stimulus and response. This was interpreted as reflecting the greater probability that S s forget the cue during a delay interval, and three additional findings eliminated an alternative explanation that the cue is not attended to in the delay condition. The Linear Trace-Decay model provided a more accurate description of quantitative aspects of the data; however, neither model provided a completely adequate fit to the data.
Chemical and Optical Probing of Premixed Methane/Oxygen Flames

Abstract We have measured the concentration profiles of the major products in fuel-rich pre mixed CH4/O2 flames. Optical measurements were performed to measure soot number densities, volume fraction and particle size distributions. We have shown that the increase in the soot volume fraction is due to surface growth and that acetylene is the source of the carbon involved in this process. We have also been able to determine the importance of coagulation versus surface growth in the increase of soot particle radius with time in these flames.
Sources of differences between Chinese, Indian, and Caucasian scientists and engineers: Evaluations of managerial potential

This article proposes intrapersonal, interpersonal, and acculturation factors to help explain differences in evaluations of the managerial potential of Chinese, Indians, and U.S. Caucasians. Using data from 1658 scientists and engineers and their managers in 24 U.S. companies, we find that managers evaluate Indians (but not Chinese) to have less managerial potential and to be less effective at working with others than Caucasians. The absence of insecurity in Indians' self-reported English fluency appears to be detrimental to the evaluation of their managerial potential. In contrast, Indians who report high managerial aspirations receive less harsh evaluations of their managerial potential. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and practice.
A soluble 3D LC/MS/MS proteome of the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme.

Nostoc punctiforme is an oxygenic photoautotrophic cyanobacterium with multiple developmental states, which can form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with a variety of terrestrial plants. 3D LC/MS/MS shotgun peptide sequencing was used to analyze the proteome when N. punctiforme is grown in continuous moderate light with ammonia as the nitrogen source. The soluble proteome includes 1575 proteins, 50% of which can be assigned to core metabolic and transport functions. Another 39% are assigned to proteins with no known function, a substantially higher fraction than in the Escherichia coli proteome. Many expressed proteins protect against oxidative and light stress. Seventy-one sensor histidine kinases, response regulators, and serine/threonine kinases, individually and as hybrid, multidomain proteins, were identified, reflecting a substantial capacity to sense and respond to environmental change. Proteins encoded by each of the five N. punctiforme plasmids were identified, as were 10 transposases, reflecting the p...
Recent trends in the terms of trade of Jamaica: 1955–86

The Prebisch–Singer hypothesis of a long-term deterioration in the Commodity terms of trade of developing countries has evoked tremendous controversy in the literature. Most of the empirical work on the terms of trade is devoted to all developing countries. This paper is country-specific. Modern time series techniques have been used to test the Perbisch–Singer hypothesis. The empirical results for Jamaica support the declining terms of trade hypothesis. Unit root tests indicate that Jamaica's terms of trade is trend stationary. Finally, the empirical evidence suggests that the decline in the terms of trade accounted for an annual loss of approximately 1.5 percent in Jamaica's GDP.
Theory of neural mediation of intraocular dynamics.

Many experimental studies have indicated that the intraocular pressure is subject to mediation by adrenergic mechanisms affecting both the rate of formation of the aqueous humor and the resistance of the pathway through which the aqueous humor flows out of the eye. Thus, for example, the role of adrenergic drugs in glaucoma therapy is well known. How the mediation is accomplished has not been clarified in detail. Several possible mechanisms have been suggested, and all may indeed be involved. The present study is concerned with the basis and mathematical formulation of one of them and the consequences with respect to aqueous dynamics. The analysis leads to expressions for the aqueous outflow resistance and the formation rate, as well as other quantities of interest. The theoretical behavior is shown to compare favorably with the results of infusion studies and various other experiments, and to provide a unified picture of much of the pressure-flow behavior of both the living and the dead eye.
Coupling saturation in the nonlinear theory of parametric decay instabilities

An understanding of the nonlinear stage of parametric instabilities is needed to predict the anomalous absorption of the pump mode in laser or microwave interactions with a plasma. The waves excited in the linear stage of the instability grow up from thermal noise until some nonlinear mechanism limits their growth resulting in a saturated (perhaps quasi-steady state) level of waves.
Analysis of reversible magnetization-dependent Preisach models for recording media

Abstract An experimental analysis of magnetization-dependent Preisach models has shown that the reversible component of the magnetization is both magnetization and field dependent. It was found that, for an asymmetrical magnetizing process, the experimentally observed reversible susceptibility is not an even function of magnetization, as calculated by previous models for reversible magnetization. A new model, compatible with the moving model for irreversible magnetization, which is particulate in nature, is presented for reversible magnetization and its ensuing susceptibility.
Ionization and dissociation of N 2 and CO in collisions with 2.3 q -keV Ar q + (8≤ q ≤14)

The charge-state and energy distribution of molecular ions and fragments produced in low-energy, highly-charged-argon-ion collisions with ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and CO were measured. ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{\mathit{q}+}$ (8\ensuremath{\le}q\ensuremath{\le}14) ions produced by an electron-beam ion source and extracted at 2.3 kV interacted with a molecular-target gas jet located in the ionization region of a time-of-flight spectrometer. The resulting molecular recoils and fragments were analyzed by time of flight. For a given molecular target, the measured spectra are all similar and do not depend on the incident argon-projectile charge state. The spectra are dominated by the singly charged ion, either ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{+}$ or ${\mathrm{CO}}^{+}$. The stable or long-lived metastable doubly charged molecular ion ${\mathrm{CO}}^{2+}$ is the second most prominent feature in ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{\mathit{q}+}$ on the CO spectra. Similarly, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{2+}$, which cannot be distinguished from ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$, is also presumed to be present in ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{\mathit{q}+}$ on the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ spectra. The remaining peaks are associated with the dissociation of the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{\mathit{Q}+}$ and ${\mathrm{CO}}^{\mathit{Q}+}$ (2\ensuremath{\le}Q\ensuremath{\le}6) molecular ions formed in the collision. The peak positions correspond to fragments of a given mass-to-charge ratio and kinetic energy calculated assuming vertical target ionization.
Mainframe and microcomputer-based business graphics: What satisfies users?

Abstract This paper profiles users of computerized business graphics in 200 organizations. It identifies differences between mainframe-based and microcomputer-based users. It profiles organizational and technological environment, motivation for selection and use, functional area use, end users, organizational responsibility and support, application profiles, impediments to increased use, and forecasts for the future. It identifies determinants of user satisfaction for both hardware strategies. In so doing, it provides empirical evidence for differing strategies of MIS involvement in the development of business graphics.
Attention and intention, decoded!

Whether neural activity in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) reflects attention and/or intention (i.e., motor plans) remains controversial. Some researchers emphasize the attentional properties of neural activity (Colby and Goldberg, 1999), whereas others argue that it is predominantly reflective of motor intention (Snyder et al., 2000). The recent paper by Quiroga et al. (2006) in the Journal of Neuroscience applies a novel analytic approach to the debate.
Complete structure of trans-3,4-difluorocyclobutene from microwave spectroscopy

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Oberlin College; Department of Chemistry, Kent, State University; Department of Partment of Chemistry, University of Michigan
Motility of bovine spermatozoa and control of bacteria at 5 and 25 °C in extenders containing sulfanilamide, penicillin, streptomycin and polymyxin.

Summary The feasibility of storing bovine semen at 25° C. for use in artificial insemination to eliminate the expense of refrigerating the semen at 5° C. was investigated. Sulfanilamide, penicillin, streptomycin, polymyxin and a combination of these were added to 3.6 per cent citrate-yolk extender. The citrate-yolk extender containing no sulfanilamide or antibiotics served as the control. Eighteen semen samples were stored in each of the six extenders at 5° C. and at 25° C. The per cent of motile spermatozoa after 24 hr. of storage was lower when the semen was stored at 25° C. than when it was stored at 5° C. except in the extender containing the combination of antibacterial agents. In nearly all samples, this combination of sulfanilamide and antibiotics completely inhibited bacterial growth at both temperatures. This combination of antibacterial agents gives promise of making possible the development of an extender for bovine semen which will not require refrigeration.
Toward a Horizontal Participatory Implementation Approach for Community Health Programs Serving Vulnerable Populations

Participatory implementation in three community health programs is examined using a 17 point assessment tool organized within a participatory framework made up of three conceptual elements: stakeholder participation in the program, cultural and structural relationships, and partnership synergy. The study results suggest that horizontal cultural relationships between frontline program implementers and beneficiaries, could lead to beneficiary satisfaction and empowerment even when structural relationships are vertical and beneficiary participation is not as robust as in complete participatory programs. The study's findings also suggest that partnership synergy can affect the success of program implementation and the growth of community social capital.
Monoamine polygenic liability in health and cocaine dependence: imaging genetics study of aversive processing and associations with depression symptomatology

Background Gene polymorphisms that affect serotonin signaling modulate reactivity to salient stimuli and risk for emotional disturbances. Here, we hypothesized that these serotonin genes, which have been primarily explored in depressive disorders, could also have important implications for drug addiction, with the potential to reveal important insights into drug symptomatology, severity, and/or possible sequelae such as dysphoria.
Innate and adaptive immune responses subsequent to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney

Understanding innate immune responses and their correlation to alloimmunity after solid organ transplantation is key to optimizing long term graft outcome. While Ischemia/Reperfusion injury (IRI) has been well studied, new insight into central mechanisms of innate immune activation, i.e. chemokine mediated cell trafficking and the role of Toll-like receptors have evolved recently. The mechanistic implications of Neutrophils, Macrophages/Monocytes, NK-cells, Dendritic cells in renal IRI has been proven by selective depletion of these cell types, thereby offering novel therapeutic interventions. At the same time, the multi-faceted role of different T-cell subsets in IRI has gained interest, highlighting the dichotomous effects of differentiated T-cells and suggesting more selective therapeutic approaches. Targeting innate immune cells and their activation and migration pathways, respectively, has been promising in experimental models holding translational potential. This review will summarize the effects of innate immune activation and potential strategies to interfere with the immunological cascade following renal IRI.
Adult Spontaneous CSF Otorrhea: Correlation with Radiographic Empty Sella:

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of radiographic empty sella in patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective case series of adult patients with CSF otorhinorrhea at an academic tertiary medical center. Patients with history of skull base surgery, trauma, tumor, or chronic ear disease were excluded. Available imaging studies were reviewed with attention to the sella turcica.RESULTS: Eight patients were diagnosed with spontaneous CSF otorrhea. Five of seven patients with adequate imaging studies (71%) had a radiographic empty sella. Seven of eight patients were clinically obese, with a body mass index BMI >30 kg/m2.CONCLUSIONS: Empty sella is a common radiologic finding in patients with spontaneous CSF otorrhea. This supports the theory that increased intracranial pressure contributes to development of spontaneous CSF otorrhea.SIGNIFICANCE: Radiographic empty sella predicts elevated intracranial pressure, which may require further evaluation and ...
Not with a Bang But a Whisper: Mental Health Consultation with a Selectively Mute Child

This article describes the role of the mental health and educational consultant in the case of a 5-year-old selectively mute child in Head Start. The syndrome of selective mutism is defined as well as the challenges of the consultant in preschool. Strategies implemented in the interdisciplinary work with the teachers, parent, speech therapist and child are described in detail. The implications suggest that the more flexible and adaptive the consultant, the more accepted he or she will be within the school environment.
The NH2-terminal php Domain of the α Subunit of the Escherichia coli Replicase Binds the ϵ Proofreading Subunit

The α subunit of the replicase of all bacteria contains a php domain, initially identified by its similarity to histidinol phosphatase but of otherwise unknown function (Aravind, L., and Koonin, E. V. (1998) Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 3746-3752). Deletion of 60 residues from the NH2 terminus of the α php domain destroys ϵ binding. The minimal 255-residue php domain, estimated by sequence alignment with homolog YcdX, is insufficient for ϵ binding. However, a 320-residue segment including sequences that immediately precede the polymerase domain binds ϵ with the same affinity as the 1160-residue full-length α subunit. A subset of mutations of a conserved acidic residue (Asp43 in Escherichia coli α) present in the php domain of all bacterial replicases resulted in defects in ϵ binding. Using sequence alignments, we show that the prototypical Gram(+) Pol C, which contains the polymerase and proofreading activities within the same polypeptide chain, has an ϵ-like sequence inserted in a surface loop near the center of the homologous YcdX protein. These findings suggest that the php domain serves as a platform to enable coordination of proofreading and polymerase activities during chromosomal replication.
On the growth mode of two-lobed curvilinear graphene domains at atmospheric pressure

We demonstrate the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of 2-lobed symmetrical curvilinear graphene domains specifically on Cu{100} surface orientations at atmospheric pressure. We utilize electron backscattered diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to determine an as-yet unexplored growth mode producing such a shape and demonstrate how its growth and morphology are dependent on the underlying Cu crystal structure especially in the high CH4:H2 regime. We show that both monolayer and bilayer curvilinear domains are grown on Cu{100} surfaces; furthermore, we show that characteristic atmospheric pressure CVD hexagonal domains are grown on all other Cu facets with an isotropic growth rate which is more rapid than that on Cu{100}. These findings indicate that the Cu-graphene complex is predominant mechanistically at atmospheric pressure, which is an important step towards tailoring graphene properties via substrate engineering.
Evaluation of offices (Panel Session)

The purpose of this panel is two-fold: 1) To clarify some of the social and behavioral issues in the evaluation of office information systems (OIS); and 2) to promote interaction between a few of the leading social and computer scientists in the field of OIS.Inherent in the OIS setting is the direct association of non-technical people with sophisticated computer terminals. In the early stages this meant clerical staff using word processors. But currently OIS implementors are focusing on decision making processes of “knowledge workers” (including executives). By doing so these implementors find themselves face-to-face with the complex sociological, psychological, and technological problems of person-machine interaction. Issues abound - some subtle, some not so subtle, and social scientists are gathering in scores to get involved in the movement.
Non-healing painful ulcers in a patient with chronic kidney disease and role of sodium thiosulfate: a case report

Calciphylaxis is a rare but dreadful complication of chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by nodular subcutaneous calcification and painful tissue necrosis which often results in ulceration and secondary infection, leading to a high rate of mortality. Pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood and there are very few, poorly studied treatment options for this disease. We report a case of 60 year old Caucasian female with history of long standing diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 5 who presented with a very high calcium phosphorous product, markedly elevated intact PTH levels and X-ray changes consistent with diagnosis of calciphylaxis. Patient was initially managed by parathyroidectomy and later on was also treated with intravenous sodium thiosulfate thrice weekly with each hemodialysis session for duration of 10 weeks. Patient had rapid and dramatic relief of her symptoms of pain. Treatment with sodium thiosulfate was well tolerated without any side effects, accompanied by significant symptomatic relief but without any effect on disease progression. So the role of sodium thiosulfate in calciphylaxis is unknown and need further studies.
Regulation of neuronal lineage decisions by the HES-related bHLH protein REF-1

Members of the HES subfamily of bHLH proteins play crucial roles in neural patterning via repression of neurogenesis. In C. elegans, loss-of-function mutations in ref-1, a distant nematode-specific member of this subfamily, were previously shown to cause ectopic neurogenesis from postembryonic lineages. However, while the vast majority of the nervous system in C. elegans is generated embryonically, the role of REF-1 in regulating these neural lineage decisions is unknown. Here, we show that mutations in ref-1 result in the generation of multiple ectopic neuron types derived from an embryonic neuroblast. In wild-type animals, neurons derived from this sublineage are present in a left/right symmetrical manner. However, in ref-1 mutants, while the ectopically generated neurons exhibit gene expression profiles characteristic of neurons on the left, they are present only on the right side. REF-1 functions in a Notch-independent manner to regulate this ectopic lineage decision. We also demonstrate that loss of REF-1 function results in defective differentiation of an embryonically generated serotonergic neuron type. These results indicate that REF-1 functions in both Notch-dependent and independent pathways to regulate multiple developmental decisions in different neuronal sublineages.
Effect of Carmeda BioActive Surface coating versus Trillium Biopassive Surface coating of the oxygenator on circulating platelet count drop during cardiopulmonary bypass.

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect that surface coating of the hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator had on circulating platelet count drop during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Sixty ...
Assessing what is needed to resolve a molecular phylogeny: simulations and empirical data from emydid turtles

Phylogenies often contain both well-supported and poorly supported nodes. Determining how much additional data might be required to eventually recover most or all nodes with high support is an important pragmatic goal, and simulations have been used to examine this question. Most simulations have been based on few empirical loci, and suggest that well supported phylogenies can be determined with a very modest amount of data. Here we report the results of an empirical phylogenetic analysis of all 10 genera and 25 of 48 species of the new world pond turtles (family Emydidae) based on one mitochondrial (1070 base pairs) and seven nuclear loci (5961 base pairs), and a more biologically realistic simulation analysis incorporating variation among gene trees, aimed at determining how much more data might be necessary to recover weakly-supported nodes with strong support. Our mitochondrial-based phylogeny was well resolved, and congruent with some previous mitochondrial results. For example, all genera, and all species except Pseudemys concinna, P. peninsularis, and Terrapene carolina were monophyletic with strong support from at least one analytical method. The Emydinae was recovered as monophyletic, but the Deirochelyinae was not. Based on nuclear data, all genera were monophyletic with strong support except Trachemys, and all species except Graptemys pseudogeographica, P. concinna, T. carolina, and T. coahuila were monophyletic, generally with strong support. However, the branches subtending most genera were relatively short, and intergeneric relationships within subfamilies were mostly unsupported. Our simulations showed that relatively high bootstrap support values (i.e. ≥ 70) for all nodes were reached in all datasets, but an increase in data did not necessarily equate to an increase in support values. However, simulations based on a single empirical locus reached higher overall levels of support with less data than did the simulations that were based on all seven empirical nuclear loci, and symmetric tree distances were much lower for single versus multiple gene simulation analyses. Our empirical results provide new insights into the phylogenetics of the Emydidae, but the short branches recovered deep in the tree also indicate the need for additional work on this clade to recover all intergeneric relationships with confidence and to delimit species for some problematic groups. Our simulation results suggest that moderate (in the few-to-tens of kb range) amounts of data are necessary to recover most emydid relationships with high support values. They also suggest that previous simulations that do not incorporate among-gene tree topological variance probably underestimate the amount of data needed to recover well supported phylogenies.
Birefringence dispersion in photomask substrates for DUV lithography

To further extend the lifetime of optical lithography, stronger requirements are placed on the optical materials used in stepper systems. For example, photomask requirements from mask makers and users include good transmission uniformity, low induced absorption, low defect density and low thermal expansion. However little emphasis and attention has been placed on the magnitude of birefringence. In this paper we present results on the dispersion of birefringence in fused silica photomask substrates measured from the visible to DUV wavelengths. An examination of the wavelength dependent stress-optic response that produces birefringence is performed and found to increase from 633 nm to the DUV. Measurements were performed on substrates with levels of birefringence that varied by an order of magnitude. Birefringence in photomasks results in a change in the polarization of an optical beam and for some lithography tools this can influence system performance and degrade image quality. Therefore, we believe an emphasis on low birefringence photomask substrates can possibly improve system performance.
Coefficient of determination in nonlinear signal processing

Abstract For statistical design of an optimal filter, it is probabilistically advantageous to employ a large number of observation random variables; however, estimation error increases with the number of variables, so that variables not contributing to the determination of the target variable can have a detrimental effect. In linear filtering, determination involves the correlation coefficients among the input and target variables. This paper discusses use of the more general coefficient of determination in nonlinear filtering. The determination coefficient is defined in accordance with the degree to which a filter estimates a target variable beyond the degree to which the target variable is estimated by its mean. Filter constraint decreases the coefficient, but it also decreases estimation error in filter design. Because situations in which the sample is relatively small in comparison with the number of observation variables are of salient interest, estimation of the determination coefficient is considered in detail. One may be unable to obtain a good estimate of an optimal filter, but can nonetheless use rough estimates of the coefficient to find useful sets of observation variables. Since minimal-error estimation underlies determination, this material is at the interface of signal processing, computational learning, and pattern recognition. Several signal-processing factors impact application: the signal model, morphological operator representation, and desirable operator properties. In particular, the paper addresses the VC dimension of increasing operators in terms of their morphological kernel/basis representations. Two applications are considered: window size for restoring degraded binary images; finding sets of genes that have significant predictive capability relative to target genes in genomic regulation.
Effective combination therapy of metastatic murine solid tumors with edatrexate and the vinca alkaloids, vinblastine, navelbine and vindesine.

Studies are described in which a new folate analogue, edatrexate (EDX), in combination with the vinca alkaloids, vinblastine (VBL), navelbine (NVB) or vindesine (DVA) was evaluated against E0771 mammary adenocarcinoma, T241 fibrosarcoma and the Lewis lung tomor. Each of the four agents when given individually to animals 3 days after transplant of these tumors resulted in increases in survival of 53–143%. The relative effectiveness of these agents was (in increasing order) VBL, NVB≃DVA, EDX, with no long-term survivors obtained with any. Combination therapy with EDX and vinca alkaloids required dosage attenuation but was still markedly more effective. Treatment of E0771 and T241 tumors with EDX and either NVB or DVA increased survival 3- to 4-fold compared with therapy with individual agents and yielded 40–70% longterm survivors, while EDX with VBL increased survival 2-to 3-fold and yielded 20–40% long-term survivors. Simultaneous or sequential (EDX given 24 h before vinca alkaloid) administration of combined therapy was equally effective. Sequential administration of these agents at the same doses in the reverse order was highly toxic and required further dosage attenuation which compromised efficacy. Effects of these combinations against the Lewis Lung tumor were not as pronounced and were somewhat schedule-dependent. Simultaneous administration of EDX with VBL, NVB or DVA increased survival 2- to 3-fold over that obtained with single agents alone and yielded 10–40% long-term survivors, while sequential administration increased survival <2-fold over that obtained with single agents and yielded 0–20% long-term survivors. These results suggest that combined therapy with these agents in patients may have appreciable utility and provide a basis for further clinical trials.
Smooth approximation with acceleration in an alternating phase focusing superconducting linac

Abstract In this paper, we present a smooth approximation method to calculate the effective potential in a longitudinal RF accelerating and focusing system. Comparing with the smooth approximation without acceleration, this method gives a more accurate calculation of the zero-current phase advance and effective potential when the energy gain through a period is not negligible. Using such a smooth approximation, we have studied an alternating phase focusing structure in a proposed accelerator-driven test facility superconducting linac. A self-consistent macroparticle simulation for one asymmetrical alternating phase focusing structure shows that beyond a beam current of 50 mA , there will be significant particle losses. This will put a limit on the future machine operation based on the alternating phase focusing concept.
Radiation chemistry of tetramethylgermane

Abstract A study of the 60Co γ-irradiation of tetramethylgermane is reported. The major products are identified and their yields given. Both carbon-hydrogen and carbon-germanium bond scission occur. Hydrogen and methane are the major gaseous products. Ethyltrimethylgermane, hexamethyldigermane, bis(trimethylgermyl) methane and bis(trimethylgermyl)ethane are the major heavier products. The total yield of products indicates that the yield of disappearance of tetramethylgermane, G[—Ge(CH3)4], is 10.2 molecules per 100 eV absorbed. An (unidentified) product is formed which captures electrons.
The characterization of corrosion resistance in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy fusion zone using a gas tungsten arc welding process

The Ti-6Al-4V sheet alloys were welded by using a common gas tungsten arc welding process. In this work, we study the correlation of corrosion resistance and oxide layer structure produced after commonly used industrial heat treatments. We also study the oxide scales that were formed as a result of the heat-related treatment/aging process. The results indicate that better corrosion resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy weldment can be obtained and significantly improved by a solution treatment plus an artificial aging (ST+AA) treatment, owing to the enhanced intensity of TiO2, V2O5, and Al2O3 oxides that compacted and grew on the surface of fusion zone. The newly found ?-TiAl and a2-Ti3Al particles that nucleated in the fusion zone due to different heat treatments do affect the composition of the oxide layer. The possible mechanism for this oxide layer formation in the fusion zone is discussed.
Vision and Putrescence: Edogawa Rampo Rereading Edgar Allan Poe

In 1914 the Japanese writer Hirai Taro adopted the pen name “Edogawa Rampo,” a phonetic play on Edgar Allan Poe, whose work he had recently discovered. Owing to the paucity of translations of Rampo’s work, the West has ever since presumed that he simply imitated Poe when writing his own detective and horror stories. There is no doubt he was “influenced,” but his work expands significantly on the ways Poe explores vision, the human body, space, and decayways that scholars have only recently begun to a p preciate in Poe himself. To use Jerome J. McGann’s term, it appears that Rampo read Poe radially, that is, putting himself “in a position to respond actively to the text’s own (often secret) discursive acts.”’
Bohr, Heidegger, The Unspeakable and Dis-Closure: An Exercise in Quantum Neurophilosophy

The problematic of world is considered within the horizon of Bohr and Heideggerâ€™s surprisingly overlapping formulations of the â€œunspeakable.â€ The process of world dis-closureâ€”thrown Existenzâ€”is discussed in terms of dual mode quantum thermofield brain dynamics. Existence, which is sharply distinguished from consciousness, is â€œbetween-two.â€ NeuroQuantology | June 2013 | Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Page 171-180
Surface-tension-gradient-induced flow in freely suspended liquid crystalline films

Flow was created in freely suspended liquid crystal films (FSLCFs) in the smectic-C phase using gradients in the surface tension to drive the motion. The director field was distorted into a pattern of vortices which wind upon themselves while a temperature gradient was applied. A dependence of the pattern in the director field on the topological defects of index s=+1,0, or -1 that are isolated in the vortex of the flow was observed. The flow pattern for the s=-1 defect has not been observed in FSLCFs with other flow fields. The diffusion constant for the c\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^-director orientation is extracted from the orientation field patterns under flow and is com- pared to other independent measurements. The Schlieren pattern of the c\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^-director field will be shown to arise from the coupling between the fluid velocity and director orientation and will also be shown to be mediated by the topological index of the defect through the use of a model of the dynamical equations of a two-dimensional nematic. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV and a Novel Mutation of the Type III Procollagen Gene as a Cause of Abdominal Apoplexy

Abdominal apoplexy is a clinical entity characterized by spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage from rupture of a visceral vessel. We describe a 34-year-old man who presented with abdominal apoplexy due to rupture of an ileocolic aneurysm. Subsequent biochemical and genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV based on abnormal production of type III procollagen and a novel mutation in the COL3A1 gene. Patients presenting with abdominal apoplexy should undergo a thorough examination so that the underlying vascular pathology can be identified.