cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transoral robotic surgery (TORS): glottic microsurgery in a canine model.

Summary Objectives/Hypothesis: We hypothesize that bimanual, three-dimensional robotic surgery will prove valuable for glottic microsurgical procedures. Study Design: To test this hypothesis, we developed and optimized a canine model for glottic microsurgery using a commercially available surgical robot. Methods Using a da Vinci Surgical Robot (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA), glottic microsurgery was performed with a hydrodissection technique in a canine model. The experiments were performed on two orotracheal intubated mongrel dogs under general anesthesia in the supine position on a standard operating room table. A videoscope and two, 360-degree rotating, 5- and 8-mm, wrested-end effector instruments were introduced transorally with three robotic arms. The surgeon performed the actual procedures while positioned at a robotic system console that was located across the operating room suite. The procedure was performed in duplicate and was documented with still and video photography. Results: Glottic microsurgery was successfully performed using the da Vinci Surgical Robot, with both 5- and 8-mm instrumentation. The smaller, 5-mm instruments afforded greater visualization of the operative site and increased maneuverability, which resulted in reduced operative time. The robotic system provided excellent visualization as well as controlled and delicate microdissection at the vocal cord level. Conclusions: Robotic laryngeal microsurgery is technically feasible in the canine model and warrants consideration for evaluation in controlled human trials.
Molecular Characterization of Preintegration Latency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Most current evidence suggests that the infection of resting CD4(+) T cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is not productive due to partial or complete blocks in the viral life cycle at steps prior to integration of the viral genome into the host cell chromosome. However, stimulation of an infected resting T cell by antigen, cytokines, or microenvironmental factors can overcome these blocks and allow for the production of progeny virions. In this study, we sought to understand the structure and fate of the virus in unstimulated resting CD4(+) T cells. Using a novel linker-mediated PCR assay designed to detect and characterize linear unintegrated forms of the HIV-1 genome, we demonstrate that reverse transcription can proceed to completion following the infection of resting T cells, generating the substrate for the retroviral integration reaction. However, reverse transcription in resting T cells is far slower than in activated T cells, requiring 2 to 3 days to complete. The delay in completing reverse transcription may make the viral DNA genome more susceptible to competing decay processes. To explore the relationship between the formation of the linear viral genome and the stability of the preintegration state, we employed a recombinant HIV-1 virus expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein to measure the rate at which HIV-1 decays in the preintegration state. Our results demonstrate that the preintegration state is labile and decays rapidly (half-life = 1 day) following the entry of HIV-1 into a resting T cell, with significant decay occurring during the slow process of reverse transcription.
Processing and Property Study of Cotton-Surfaced Nonwovens:

Cotton-surfaced nonwovens have been developed by thermally bonding cotton precur sor webs with unbonded spunbond (SB) PP webs on a spunbond line, with cotton on one or both sides. The novel two- or...
Learning impairment in male and female alcoholics

Abstract Male VA alcoholics have been found to perform significantly poorer than nonalcoholics in face-name learning. Can these results be (a) replicated in a sample of male alcoholics from community treatment programs, (b) extended to female alcoholics, and (c) accounted for by childhood symptoms of attention deficit, conduct, and learning disorders? Seventy-six male and 66 female alcoholics were compared to 48 male and 49 female nonalcoholic controls on a 12-item facename learning test. Both male and female alcoholics had poorer learning scores than their respective control groups. Learning scores were unrelated to self reports of childhood attention deficit disorder, conduct disorder, and learning problems. Whether alcoholics' impaired face-name learning is due to the direct effect of alcohol on the brain or is a concomitant of alcoholics' disrupted interpersonal relationships remains to be investigated.
VUV Synchrotron Light as a Technique for Studying the Interface Quality and Properties of Thin Overlayers

The measurements presented here show the value of synchrotron light for determining both the electronic structure of overlayers, and the physical nature of the overlayer-substrate interface. A comparison is given between deposited layers and thermally stabilized layers. Estimates are also made of the bonding energy between the overlayer and substrate.
Analysis of non-polar deletion mutations in the genes of the spo0K (opp) operon of Bacillus subtilis

The spo0K (opp) operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes an oligopeptide permease that is required for uptake of oligopeptides, development of genetic competence, and initiation of sporulation. We made in-frame, non-polar deletion mutations in each of the first four genes of the five-gene spo0K operon and tested effects on oligopeptide transport, sporulation, and expression of competence genes. spo0KA, B, C, and D were required for sporulation, competence development, and oligopeptide transport. Disruption of spo0KE caused a less severe phenotype than did disruption of any of the other genes of the operon.
Simultaneous Mineralogical Quantification and Chemical Characterization of Soil Clays

A new chemical mass balance technique has been developed for simultaneous mineralogical quantification and chemical characterization of soil clays. The procedure includes separation of the whole clay (<2 μm fraction) into six particle size fractions (<0.02, <0.06, <0.2, 0.02–0.06, 0.06–0.2, and 0.2–2 μm fractions), chemical analysis of the whole clay and each of the six fractions, and fitting of a nonlinear chemical mass balance model to the chemical analyses. As written, the chemical mass balance model is valid only for samples containing mixtures of quartz, kaolinite, illite, and mixed-layered smectite-illite. Samples containing carbonates and free iron compounds may be analyzed using the technique if these phases are chemically removed prior to particle size fractionation. Accuracy of the new technique was tested using synthetic data and found to depend on the quality of the input data; however, clay phase quantification within three percentage points of known values was readily achieved. Precision of the technique was evaluated by independently preparing and analyzing five samples of the same soil clay. Standard deviations for clay phase percentages (w:w) in the <2 μm fraction were all less than one percent. The new technique yields accurate determinations of chemistry for the smectitic and illitic phases in mixed-layered smectite-illite, and qualitative estimates for the chemistry of 10 A-illite. The elemental compositions of quartz and kaolinite are assumed a priori and treated as constants within the non-linear chemical mass balance model.
Cu(1+) in HKUST-1: selective gas adsorption in the presence of water.

Spectroscopic evidence for an enhanced binding of Nitric Oxide (NO) to metal centers with lower oxidation states (open Cu1+ sites) in Cu3(btc)2 (HKUST-1) is presented. The Cu1+ sites created by thermal treatment or X-ray exposure exhibit a preferential adsorption of NO compared to H2O. This phenomenon demonstrates the potential use of MOFs with lower oxidation state metal centers for selective gas separation.
On the Solution of Inverse Eigenvalue Problems of high Orders

Summary A general technique for solving a large class of well-posed inverse eigenvalue problems is illustrated by means of a specific example. The example considered consists in reconstructing the coefficients p(x) and q(x) associated with the eigenvalue problem d4)- (pu’)’ +qu = Lu from a knowledge of three spectra.
Characterization of Atomic Defects and Their Aggregates Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy

Positrons localize in trapped states at a variety of defect sites in solids, from which they subsequently annihilate with unique observable characteristics. As such, the positron is a valuable probe for the study of these defects. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) has made significant contributions in recent years to the determination of atomic defect properties in metals and alloys, and in molecular solids as well. It has also been used extensively in the monitoring and characterization of vacancy-like microstructure development, as occurs during post-irradiation annealing. The characterization of defects using PAS is selectively reviewed and some possibilities for using the positron as a localized probe of the atomic and electronic structure of atomic defects and their aggregates are discussed.
Lukasiewicz inference in Layman's probability theory

A prior work introduced Layman's probability theory as a formal system for reasoning with linguistic likelihood, wherein the logical and is interpreted as the arithmetic min, and the or is interpreted as the max. Likelihood modifiers (likely, very likely, somewhat unlikely, etc.) are treated as modal operators. The system is two-leveled, with the lower level being a multivalent logic and the upper level being bivalent. In the previous treatment, the lower level employed only the connectives V, /spl and/, and /spl sim/. The paper adds the /spl rarr/ connective, provides this with the well-known Lukasiewicz interpretation, and explores its properties with respect to the system as a whole.
Impact of development rates of future aircraft technologies on fleet-wide environmental emissions

To mitigate the environmental impact of aviation while still allowing for growth in air transportations, various organizations – such as NASA – have set goals for advancing technologies that reduce the impact of aircraft on the environment. Meeting these goals would improve the environmental performance of an individual aircraft; however, the environmental impact of air transportation is a fleet-level effect that depends on the combined operation of all aircraft with their associated technologies. Economic factors, like fuel price, also impact aviation emissions, because economic factors drive air transportation demand and drive airline fleet composition. This paper analyzes the sensitivity of environmental metrics to the entry-into-service (EIS) dates of various potential new aircraft and to the penetration rate of these new aircraft into the fleet. The studies also incorporate three potential fuel price change scenarios. The results suggest insights in two areas. First, the level of (carbon) emissions is sensitive to EIS dates of new technology aircraft only during a short period after the introduction; later EIS dates lead to airlines upgauging their fleet to maximize profit. Second, high fuel price reduces demand, which reduces emissions, especially on short routes where alternative modes of ground transport likely exist.
Falls and fractures in nursing home patients receiveing psychotropic drugs

Falls in 44 matched control patients (average age 87.1) were statistically compared to 38 patients (average age 85.3) who received scheduled or as needed (prn) single-agent psychotropics over a 6-month period. Prospective assessments of psychotropic drug therapy were made on a monthly basis, and data on falls and fractures were retrospectively gathered. Both scheduled and prn single-agent usage of benzodiazepine (BZ) hypnotics, and scheduled usage of BZ anxiolytics and thioridazine increased the incidence and episodes of falls over the frequency of falls found in the control group. Fractures were more prevalent in the treatment group over the 6-month period, but half the falls in the control group resulted in fractures. Longer-acting BZs, both prn and scheduled, resulted in a greater rate of falls than the shorter-acting BZs, but even the shorter-acting (SA) BZs given on a scheduled basis more often than three times a week had a greater rate of falls than the control group. When not more than 3 SABZ doses per week were given, no falls were noted for the follow-up 6-month period. It appears that most single psychotropics, except the SABZs given no more often than three times a week, haloperidol and desipramine, increase the risk of falls and fractures in a very old frail nursing home population.
Consolidating Federal Earth science agencies

In the September 1, 1992, issue of Eos, Carl Kisslinger constructively proposed that, in conjunction with the Decade for Natural Hazards Reduction, AGU convene a panel to examine possible improvements in the structure of federal agencies involved in Earth-oriented science. This is a sensible and timely action, and the AGU membership has too much at stake on this issue to leave it to the bureaucrats and politicians. We would probably be surprised at our different perspectives on the missions and roles of the agencies and our collective ignorance of what functions they actually perform. Some consolidations may be in order, but there are many dimensions to any possible restructuring. For example, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is ostensibly the “national environmental prediction agency,” although it has survey and regulatory functions, too. The Environmental Protection Agency is primarily an “environmental regulatory agency,” although it has clean-up and research functions as well. Would it be wise to place the environmental prediction and protection features in the same organization, and how could it be made safe to do so? Or would it be better to join NOAA and the U.S. Geological Survey (and other elements of the Department of the Interior, a high-quality geophysical survey, monitoring, and process-knowledge agency)? Also, how will the civil and military Earth and environmental science entities be best connected in the future? A very careful examination of functionalities as well as disciplines is needed.
Force embedding of a planar graph

The planar embedding of a planar graph with the simultaneous minimization of an objective function of graph edge lengths is considered. It is shown that the so-called force embedding of a planar graph dictates a distinctive placement of the graph vertices and edges. This placement is a rectilinear edge embedding in which there are no edge intersections and the quadratic objective function of the edge lengths equals its global minimum. The, effectively O(mn), algorithm for finding the force embedding of a planar graph, where m and n are the number of the graph edges and the number of the graph vertices respectively, is presented. >
Sphagnum Beringiense sp. nov. (bryophyta) from Arctic Alaska, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data

Abstract A new species of Sphagnum section Subsecunda, S. beringiense , is described from arctic Alaska from the vicinity of Barrow along the northern coast. The species is distinguished morphologically by the light, yellow-green color of the gametophytes, multistratose stem cortex with 2–4 layers of enlarged thin-walled cells, round, medium-size (ca. 5 μm diameter) outer branch leaf pores, scattered inner branch leaf pores, typically few outer stem leaf pores, and abundant, round to elliptic inner stem leaf pores. Two unique plastid DNA haplotypes occur among Barrow area plants of S. beringiense , and these differ by a minimum of three nucleotide substitutions from those of other Alaskan Sphagnum species in the section Subsecunda. Microsatellite markers show that S. beringiense is genetically variable despite the fact that all plants were sampled from within an area of a few km2 and neither gametangia nor sporophytes have been observed. A key to the six Alaskan species of Sphagnum section Subsecunda is p...
Interaction of human platelets with laminin and identification of the 67 kDa laminin receptor on platelets

A microtitre adhesion assay has been developed to define parameters affecting the adherence of washed platelets to laminin. Adherence was optimally supported by Mg2+ and was inhibited by Ca2+ and by anti-laminin Fab fragments, but significant adhesion (75-90% of control) was found both in heparinized plasma containing physiological levels of bivalent cations and in plasma anti-coagulated with EGTA. Adherence was unaffected by platelet activation with ADP but was decreased by 50% by treatment with alpha-thrombin (1 unit/ml, 5 min). Adherence was unaffected by monospecific polyclonal antibodies to glycoprotein (GP) Ib and GPIV, and was normal with platelets from two patients with Glanzmann9s thrombasthaenia, indicating that GPIb, the GPIIb/IIIa complex and GPIV are not involved in platelet-laminin interaction. Affinity chromatography of Triton-solubilized membranes on laminin-Sepharose followed by elution with 0.2 M-glycine/HCl (pH 2.85) identified a major band with a molecular mass of 67 kDa in the reduced and of 53 kDa in the unreduced form. This protein gave a positive reaction on Western blotting with a monospecific polyclonal antibody raised against the high-affinity laminin receptor isolated from human breast carcinoma tissue. The adhesion of platelets to laminin was inhibited by two monoclonal IgM antibodies specific to the LR-1 domain of the 67 kDa receptor. The binding protein was surface-oriented, as shown by flow cytofluorimetry and by the fact that it could be iodinated in intact platelets, but it was not labelled by the periodate-borotritide procedure, suggesting that it did not contain terminal sialic acid. The laminin-derived peptides Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg and Cys-Asp-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-NH2, which constitute a complementary binding domain in laminin for the 67 kDa receptor, themselves supported platelet adhesion, bound to the receptor and inhibited the adhesion of platelets to laminin. In addition, Fab fragments of anti-Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg antibody inhibited platelet adhesion to laminin. These results demonstrate that the high-affinity 67 kDa laminin receptor previously identified in a range of normal and transformed cells and its complementary Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg binding domain play an important role in the interaction of platelets with laminin.
Energy harvesting by flow-induced flutter in a simple model of an inverted piezoelectric flag

Two-dimensional numerical simulations are used to study the coupled fluid–structure–electric interaction of a simple model of an inverted piezoelectric flag, and to investigate the dynamics of the flow–structure interaction of this configuration as well as its energy harvesting performance. In particular, the dynamic response of the inverted flag as well as the associated flow patterns are examined for a range of inertia, bending stiffness and Reynolds numbers, and categorized into distinct vibrational states based on the symmetry of the motion as well as the amplitude. Simulations indicate that large-amplitude vibrations can be achieved over a large range of parameters and there is also evidence of lock-on between the flag flutter and the intrinsic wake shedding phenomenon. The initial inclination of the flag to the prevailing flow is found to significantly affect the flutter performance for inclination angles exceeding . The state with large symmetric flutter is identified as being most promising for energy harvesting, and the effect of piezoelectric material parameters on the energy harvesting performance of this flutter state is examined in detail. The maximum energy efficiency of the flags is found to be approximately , and the maximum occurs when there is a match between the time scales of flutter and the intrinsic time scale of the piezoelectric circuit. The simulations are used to examine a simple scaling law that could be used to predict the energy harvesting performance of such devices.
Steel Lining for Pressure Shafts in Solid Rocks

Methods used in design of two shafts for underground hydroelectric plants in Brazil; general features compared with those of other shafts constructed elsewhere; design of steel for internal pressure under operating conditions and external ground water pressure; details of design and construction.
Empirical Implication of the Efficient Market Model

Two alternative versions of the efficient market model are compared, a Bayesian version and an orthodox version. The Bayesian version is usually used to define an efficient market models, where markets make optimum use of all available information. However, the orthodox version is usually used to construct empirical tests of the models. In this paper, it is shown that most empirical tests are only applicable for the orthodox version. Past rejections of efficient market models may merely reflect the Bayesian assertion that information effects probabilities; market may still be making optimal use of all available information.
Effect of posture on static lung volumes and pulmonary mechanics in pneumonectomized rabbits

Static lung volumes, lung (CL) and respiratory system compliance (Crs), and the slope of phase III of the single-breath O2 test (slope III) were measured in rabbits in the prone, supine, and right and left lateral positions. Control rabbits, rabbits that had the left lung removed (Px), and rabbits that had the left lung removed and replaced with wax (Px + W) were studied. Surgeries were performed > or = 7 wk before study. Lung volumes, Crs, and slope III were not different among groups. Total lung capacity, vital capacity, residual volume, Crs, and slope III were smallest in all rabbits in the prone position. Functional residual capacity and expiratory reserve volume were unaffected by posture in control rabbits but were larger in Px and Px + W rabbits in the left lateral position. CL was unaffected by posture but was smaller in Px and Px + W rabbits than in control rabbits. Pneumonectomy-induced changes in lung shape altered the effect of posture on functional residual capacity but not on regional lung function, as assessed by the single-breath O2 test.
“Doing Gender” in Public Speaking Education: A Focus Group Analysis of Biological Sex and Gender Identity in Public Speaking Education

This exploratory focus group analysis examines the ways in which students of a Capstone Communication Studies course (N = 15) perceive factors, such as their communication studies education, biological sex, and gender roles, that have impacted their experiences with Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) and Self-Perceived Communication Competence (SPCC), as well as the effectiveness of various treatment methods for the reduction of PSA. Three independent student focus groups were conducted – one comprised of biological females (n = 5), one of males (n = 3), and one containing subjects of both biological sexes (n = 7). Herein participants discussed their personal experiences with PSA, and whether/ how their education within the communications major aided them in overcoming it. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis to draw implications for the enhancement of instructional PSA mitigation methodologies and to determine whether different PSA treatments are more effective for one biological sex or the other, or based upon identified gender roles.
The Forgotten Educator: Experiential Learning’s Internship Supervisor

ABSTRACTPast studies have addressed the role of the university, student interns and, the faculty advisor; here, we attempt to fill in a missing piece of the experiential-learning process by examining the role and importance of the often overlooked internship supervisor. A survey was developed and distributed to 343 recent internship supervisors. Their responses show that many of these supervisors view internships as an important professional and educational experience. We argue here that the internship supervisor can maximize one’s effectiveness when operating within a strong college or university educational infrastructure facilitated by an engaged and competent faculty advisor. Our recommendations were discussed and confirmed by a focus group of experienced faculty advisors.
The Stopping Theorem About Stopping Domain

The definition of stopping domain was given. It was proven that the stopping domain is equivalent to Cairoli-Walsh's stopping neighbourhood of origin and Chevalier's stopping field. The stopping theorem of the stopping field, and the strengthening form and predictable form of the stopping theorem are obtained.
Opiates Modulate Noxious Chemical Nociception through a Complex Monoaminergic/Peptidergic Cascade

The ability to detect noxious stimuli, process the nociceptive signal, and elicit an appropriate behavioral response is essential for survival. In Caenorhabditis elegans, opioid receptor agonists, such as morphine, mimic serotonin, and suppress the overall withdrawal from noxious stimuli through a pathway requiring the opioid-like receptor, NPR-17. This serotonin- or morphine-dependent modulation can be rescued in npr-17-null animals by the expression of npr-17 or a human κ opioid receptor in the two ASI sensory neurons, with ASI opioid signaling selectively inhibiting ASI neuropeptide release. Serotonergic modulation requires peptides encoded by both nlp-3 and nlp-24, and either nlp-3 or nlp-24 overexpression mimics morphine and suppresses withdrawal. Peptides encoded by nlp-3 act differentially, with only NLP-3.3 mimicking morphine, whereas other nlp-3 peptides antagonize NLP-3.3 modulation. Together, these results demonstrate that opiates modulate nociception in Caenorhabditis elegans through a complex monoaminergic/peptidergic cascade, and suggest that this model may be useful for dissecting opiate signaling in mammals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opiates are used extensively to treat chronic pain. In Caenorhabditis elegans, opioid receptor agonists suppress the overall withdrawal from noxious chemical stimuli through a pathway requiring an opioid-like receptor and two distinct neuropeptide-encoding genes, with individual peptides from the same gene functioning antagonistically to modulate nociception. Endogenous opioid signaling functions as part of a complex, monoaminergic/peptidergic signaling cascade and appears to selectively inhibit neuropeptide release, mediated by a α-adrenergic-like receptor, from two sensory neurons. Importantly, receptor null animals can be rescued by the expression of the human κ opioid receptor, and injection of human opioid receptor ligands mimics exogenous opiates, highlighting the utility of this model for dissecting opiate signaling in mammals.
Nonmetastatic neurological complications of bronchogenic carcinoma: the carcinomatous neuromyopathies.

Summary and conclusions Twenty-three new cases of neuromyopathy associated with bronchogenic carcinoma are reported and 142 cases from literture are reviewed. The incidence of carcinomatous neuromyopathy associated with bronchogenic carcinoma was 14 per cent in our series. Fifty-six per cent of the patients with neuromyopathies in the combined series had oat cell carcinoma, which is six times the expected frequency in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. The incidence of neuromyopathies in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma is not related to the size of the neoplasm or to the presence of metastases. Forty-seven per cent of our patients with cancer of the lung and neuromyopathy had no symptoms of carcinoma. Neurological symptoms preceded the diagnosis or initial symptoms of carcinoma in 83 per cent of the patients with neuromyopathies in the combined series. Thirty-two per cent of these patients had neurological symptoms for 1 or more years before the appearance of symptoms or diagnosis of carcinoma. Aside from their theoretical significance, the carcinomatous neuromyopathies are of considerable practical importance to the thoracic surgeon. The recognition of carcinomatous neuromyopathy and its differentiation from metastatic lesions deserves special emphasis when the surgical treatment of bronchogenic neoplasm is being considered. Surgical treatment of carcinoma is indicated in these patients since the neuromyopathy may undergo remission following removal of the primary neoplasm. The presence of a carcinomatous neuromyopathy, especially of the myopathic or myasthenic type, is highly suggestive of bronchogenic carcinoma and may furnish a clue to the early diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma in patients with an equivocal shadow on the chest x-ray film. In fact, one third of the patients with neuromyopathy will develop neurological symptoms suggestive of an occult carcinoma before the underlying bronchogenic neoplasm becomes detectable on the chest roentgenogram. The surgeon and anesthesiologist must be able to recognize the myasthenic syndrome in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, since they may have prolonged apnea or may even die after administration of relatively small doses of muscle relaxants. We wish to thank Dr. Mary Contakos, Associate Pathologist, Southern Pacific Hospital, for allowing us to present Case 5.
Role of Piezoelectricity in Early Detection of Asbestosis by Means of Ultrasonography

Occupational asbestosis, according to M. Viikeri et al (Helsinki), reveals a distinct ultrasonic pattern, appearing sooner than in less specific radiographic findings. These observations are debatable, because the dense echo and high peaks are unexplained. Seeking the cause, we found that serpentine asbestos is piezoelectric, so the peak echoes may be attributed to “transducer crosstalk”. As in bone, piezoelectric materials stand out more prominently than nonpolar materials. An important theoretical link is seen between asbestosis, silicosis and talcosis, entities caused by amino acid deposits and stronglv polarized tissues (malignancies). We propose early detection by ultrasonic screening of potential asbestosis victims. Asbestosis may now be attributed, in part, to the detrimental effect of piezoelectric leakage currents upon tissues.
Realism and Utopianism in City Planning

It is becoming almost respectable, if not fashionable, to go beyond the traditional tools of scientific research to deepen or to enlarge our understanding of experience. Literary techniques, and, in particular, some of the elements of “story” have been emphasized as one means of achieving these ends. As in the case of suggestive models, this approach may illuminate different, unsuspected, and unimportant features of the subject. Mindful of this possibility, I propose to present a collage of ways in which the “story” of regional planning and development over the past 25 years can be interpreted. I will contrast the “reality” of regional planning viewed as a professional problem with the “reality” of regional planning when examined from political, technological, and what, for want of a better term, I will call the empirical “realities.” Then I shall draw some inferences from these realities to some less well-known aspects of regional planning: the shifts over the years from a “technical” to a “sociopolitical” emphasis; the potential conflicts between equality and decentralization; the novelty of the regional characterization of inequality; the movement from and interdependency between the regional, national, and autonomous versions of regional planning; and the quasi-utopian features of both the professional and the political perspectives.
Representing and Reconciling Personal Data and Experience in a Wearable Technology Gaming Project

Extant literature has largely not examined how users critically engage with their physical activity monitors, as objective data sense-making is often deemed superior to users’ subjective realities. Our research, however, examines how middle-school youth encounter the representation of their data, as it is converted and actionable in an online game. This ethnographic study illustrates how youth negotiate conflicts between their data and embodied experience. Using a grounded theory approach, our analysis of interviews and focus groups reveals emergent categories of resistance such as youth evaluating the incompatibility of the device, disputing the device's step-count accuracy and syncing, and disputing the game's conversion of steps. In particular, we highlight the ways youth sometimes privileged their embodied recollections over the device's seemingly accurate data. The article also provides a case of a day during implementation when youth converged on a single form of resistance, game conversion, and examines their reasoning and alternate forms of data validation that we saw in-action on that day. Finally, we discuss benefits to learning and critical engagement that result from users’ disputes and conclude by positing the promise in designing physical activity monitors for engagement, instead of exclusively persuasion or reward.
Effect of type and amount of dietary carbohydrate on biomarkers of glucose homeostasis and C reactive protein in overweight or obese adults: results from the OmniCarb trial.

Objective The glycemic index (GI) of dietary carbohydrate is thought to affect glucose homeostasis. Recently, the Effect of Amount and Type of Dietary Carbohydrates on Risk for Cardiovascular Heart Disease and Diabetes Study (OmniCarb) trial reported that a low-GI diet did not improve insulin sensitivity. We conducted this ancillary study of the OmniCarb trial to determine the effects of GI and carbohydrate content on glucose homeostasis and inflammation. Research design and methods OmniCarb was a randomized cross-over feeding study conducted in overweight or obese adults without diabetes (N=163). Participants were fed each of 4 diets for 5 weeks with 2-week washout periods. Weight was held constant. Diets were: high GI (GI≥65) with high carbohydrate (58% kcal), low GI (GI≤45) with low carbohydrate (40% kcal), low GI with high carbohydrate, and high GI with low carbohydrate. We measured glycated albumin (GA), fructosamine, and high sensitivity C reactive protein (CRP) at baseline and following each dietary period. These biomarkers were compared within-person between diets. Results The study population was 52% female and 50% black. Mean age was 53 (SD, 11) years; mean body mass index was 32 (SD 6) kg/m2. Reducing GI had no effect on GA or fructosamine, but increased fasting glucose in the setting of a high-carbohydrate diet (+2.2 mg/dL; p=0.02). Reducing carbohydrate content decreased GA in the setting of a high-GI diet (−0.2%; p=0.03) and decreased fructosamine in the setting of a low-GI diet (−4 µmol/L; p=0.003). Reducing carbohydrate while simultaneously increasing GI significantly reduced both GA (−0.2%; p=0.04) and fructosamine (−4 µmol/L; p=0.009). Neither reducing GI nor amount of carbohydrate affected insulin or CRP. Conclusions Reducing carbohydrate, regardless of high or low GI, decreased GA and fructosamine. This suggests that reducing carbohydrate content, rather than GI, is a better strategy for lowering glycemia in adults at risk for diabetes. Trial registration number [NCT00608049][1]. [1]: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00608049?term=NCT00608049&rank=1
Nucleotide-dependent switch in proteasome assembly mediated by the Nas6 chaperone.

The proteasome is assembled via the nine-subunit lid, nine-subunit base, and 28-subunit core particle (CP). Previous work has shown that the chaperones Rpn14, Nas6, Hsm3, and Nas2 each bind a specific ATPase subunit of the base and antagonize base–CP interaction. Here, we show that the Nas6 chaperone also obstructs base–lid association. Nas6 alternates between these two inhibitory modes according to the nucleotide state of the base. When ATP cannot be hydrolyzed, Nas6 interferes with base–lid, but not base–CP, association. In contrast, under conditions of ATP hydrolysis, Nas6 obstructs base–CP, but not base–lid, association. Modeling of Nas6 into cryoelectron microscopy structures of the proteasome suggests that Nas6 controls both base–lid affinity and base–CP affinity through steric hindrance; Nas6 clashes with the lid in the ATP-hydrolysis–blocked proteasome, but clashes instead with the CP in the ATP-hydrolysis–competent proteasome. Thus, Nas6 provides a dual mechanism to control assembly at both major interfaces of the proteasome.
Regarding “18F-GP1, a Novel PET Tracer Designed for High-Sensitivity, Low-Background Detection of Thrombi”

TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest a recent publication by Lohrke et al. describing their preliminary data related to the detection of clots using 18F-glycoprotein 1 (18F-GP1) as a PET tracer with high sensitivity for this purpose ([1][1]). The preliminary in vitro experiments demonstrated
Dry deposition loading of Lake Michigan by airborne particulate matter

A transport model as a function of particle size is presented which couples Chicago area meteorological data through the mixed layer with laboratory and field data on water surface dry deposition. The model is used to (a) estimate a minimum mass transfer efficiency by dry deposition from the Chicago area to Lake Michigan, (b) compare this minimum with the maximum wet deposition likely, and (c) estimate the transfer efficiency of trace metals.
Younger Adults Initiating Hemodialysis: Antidepressant Use for Depression Associated With Higher Health Care Utilization

Abstract Objective To examine associations between antidepressant use and health care utilization in young adults beginning maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy. Patients and Methods Antidepressant use, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits were examined in young adults (N=130; age, 18-44 years) initiating HD (from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2013) at a midwestern US institution. Primary outcomes included hospitalizations and ED visits during the first year. Results Depression diagnosis was common (47; 36.2%) at HD initiation, yet only 28 patients (21.5%) in the cohort were receiving antidepressant therapy. The antidepressant use group was more likely to have diabetes mellitus (18 [64.3%] vs 33 [32.4%]), coronary artery disease (8 [28.6%] vs 12 [11.8%]), and heart failure (9 [32.1%] vs 15 [14.7%]) ( P P =.001), which persisted after adjustment for diabetes, coronary artery disease, and heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.22-3.10; P =.006). Emergency department visit rates were similar between the groups. Conclusion Depression and antidepressant use for mood indication are common in young adult incident patients initiating HD and and are associated with higher hospitalization rates during the first year. Further research should determine whether antidepressants are a marker for other comorbidities or whether treated depression affects the increased health care use in these individuals.
Evaluation of sommerfeld integrals using contour deformation paths for nano and microstrip antenna applications

A quantitative comparison is carried out between various transformations for evaluating the finite region of Sommerfeld Integral (SI). These transformations deform the integration path into upper half plane (u.h.p) and avoids location of pole singularities. Results are shown for the case of Horizontal Electric Dipole (HED) located in the superstate of a two-layer microstrip configuration backed by a perfect electric conductor (PEC). Comparisons suggests that the semi-elliptic contour for finite part of SI, and the weighted averages method (WAM) for SI tail is the best approach for small and large lateral electrical separation (ρ/λ).
Improved Distance Oracles for Avoiding Link-Failure

We consider the problem of preprocessing an edge-weighted directed graph to answer queries that ask for the shortest path from any given vertex to another avoiding a failed link. We present two algorithms that improve on earlier results for this problem. Our first algorithm, which is a modification of an earlier method, improves the query time to a constant while maintaining the earlier bounds for preprocessing time andspace. Our second result is a new algorithm whose preprocessing time is considerably faster than earlier results and whose query time and space are worse by no more than a logarithmic factor.
SAR Tomography for 3D Reconstruction and Monitoring

Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is one of the most important Earth remote sensing sensors whose applications have grown dramatically in the recent years. It provides images at microwaves with resolution comparable to that of optical systems, but with the crucial advantage of all-time, day/night, and all-weather, imaging capability. Similarly to classical surveillance radars, SAR measures the distance (range) from sensor to target: resolutions of the order of meters are achieved through the pulse compression of large bandwidth (frequency-modulated) signals. Very high resolution in the along-track direction is achieved as well through the coherent combination of target echoes received over the illumination interval, thus implementing a virtual (synthetic) array of antennas (i.e., a very large antenna) by exploiting the movement of a very small antenna mounted on board airplanes or satellites. The latter feature turns SAR systems to be imaging radars. SAR data are nowadays used in many areas of environmental risks monitoring situations such as flooding, glaciers, land cover, and forest monitoring (Curlander and McDonough 1991; Moreira et al. 2013). Among all, one of the primary applications of SAR is the 3D reconstruction and monitoring of the Earth surface displacements through the use of interferometric techniques. SAR interferometry (InSAR) exploits the coherent properties of the sensor, i.e., the capability to accurately control not only the envelope but also the phase of the transmitted radiation. SAR images are in fact complex data characterized by an amplitude measurement (envelope), related to the backscattering properties of the scene, as well as a phase signal related to both phase of the backscattering coefficient and to the distance of the target from the sensor to an accuracy of the order of the wavelength (centimeters at microwaves). Similarly to the human vision system, acquiring images with a slight angular diversity allows SAR to be sensitive to the 3D scene properties, i.e., to estimate the topography of the observed scene. Topography is not accessible in a single SAR acquisition because the imaging process returns only a 2D projection of the 3D reality. The Shuttle Radar TopographyMission (SRTM) in the last decade has represented the first case of an extensive use of InSAR for the generation of a worldwide (except for the poles) digital elevation model (DEM), that is, a digital topography map of the Earth surface (Van Zyl 2001). SRTM DEM (90 m spacing DTED-1 standard) has been extensively used in many applications. Nowadays, the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X mission (launched in 2007 and 2011) is providing a “refreshing” with higher resolution (12 m spacing DTED 3 standard) of the Earth DEM on a global scale by exploiting
Presentation of Water Level Data

Most common methods used to present water-level data are graphical. These include various kinds of hydrographs, such as those showing water level versus time, drawdown versus time or distance, or the level in one well versus that in another. Contour plots in map view are essential for evaluating ground-water flow. Water levels on cross sections are useful in evaluating the relationship between stratigraphic units and water levels. Flow nets can be used in plan or cross-sectional view to estimate flow lines and possible pathways for seepage.
A Look to the Future: Cardiovascular Pharmacoepigenetics

Pharmacogenomics uses the genomic sequence to estimate gene function and expression levels and thus predict interindividual variability of drug response. However, processes beyond DNA sequence are involved in regulating gene expression. These epigenetic profiles not only explain some of the variability in drug response but are also modulated by drugs themselves. The study of pharmacoepigenetics in cardiovascular drug response is in its infancy. Although enormous opportunities exist to better understand epigenetic effects on cardiovascular drug response, there are challenges in the field that must be overcome before successful use of epigenetic information in clinical practice is realized.
Depression in sleep disorders clinics.

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to determine the incidence of depression in our sleep disorders clinics (and it’s relation to patient characteristics) and to determine whether the incidence of depression varies in patients with and without sleep apnea.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FORMULATION AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THERMOPLASTICITY

This paper reviews the current mathematical status of thermoplasticity, presents and generalizes a new formulation of coupled associative thermoplasticity at finite strains recently introduced in [10], and addresses in detail fundamental numerical analysis aspects relevant to large-scale numerical simulations.
Understanding Obesity as a Risk Factor for Uterine Tumors Using Drosophila

Multiple large-scale epidemiological studies have identified obesity as an important risk factor for a variety of human cancers, particularly cancers of the uterus, gallbladder, kidney, liver, colon, and ovary, but there is much uncertainty regarding how obesity increases the cancer risks. Given that obesity has been consistently identified as a major risk factor for uterine tumors, the most common malignancies of the female reproductive system, we use uterine tumors as a pathological context to survey the relevant literature and propose a novel hypothesis: chronic downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) module, composed of CDK8 (or its paralog CDK19), Cyclin C, MED12 (or MED12L), and MED13 (or MED13L), by elevated insulin or insulin-like growth factor signaling in obese women may increase the chances to dysregulate the activities of transcription factors regulated by the CDK8 module, thereby increasing the risk of uterine tumors. Although we focus on endometrial cancer and uterine leiomyomas (or fibroids), two major forms of uterine tumors, our model may offer additional insights into how obesity increases the risk of other types of cancers and diseases. To illustrate the power of model organisms for studying human diseases, here we place more emphasis on the findings obtained from Drosophila melanogaster.