cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of the Copper Flat porphyry and associated deposits in the Hillsboro mining district, Sierra County, New Mexico, USA

Abstract New geochemical, geochronological, and geological data, combined with earlier studies, have provided a refinement of the evolution of mineralization in the Hillsboro district in central New Mexico. Laramide (polymetallic) vein, placer gold, carbonate-hosted Ag–Mn and Pb–Zn, and porphyry-copper deposits are found in this district. The Hillsboro district is dominated by Cretaceous andesite flows (75.4±3.5 Ma), breccias, and volcaniclastic rocks that were erupted from a volcano. The mineralized Copper Flat quartz-monzonite porphyry (CFQM, 74.93±0.66 Ma) intruded the vent of the volcano. The unmineralized Warm Springs quartz monzonite (74.4±2.6 Ma) and a third altered, unmineralized quartz monzonite intruded along fracture zones on the flanks of the volcano. Younger latite and quartz-latite dikes intruded the andesite and CFQM and radiate outwards from the CFQM; the polymetallic vein deposits are associated with these dikes. The igneous rocks are part of a differentiated comagmatic suite. Alteration of the igneous rocks consists of locally intense silicification, biotite, potassic, phyllic, and argillic alteration. Large jasperoid bodies have replaced the El Paso Formation, Fusselman Dolomite, Lake Valley Limestone, and Percha Shale in the southern part of the district. Many workers in the district have recognized district zoning. The low-sulfur (
Optimal control of non-isothermal viscous fluid flow

For flow inside a four-to-one contraction domain, we minimize the vortex that occurs in the corner region by controlling the heat flux along the corner boundary. The problem of matching a desired temperature along the outflow boundary is also considered. The energy equation is coupled with the mass, momentum, and constitutive equations through the assumption that viscosity depends on temperature. The latter three equations are a non-isothermal version of the three-field Stokes-Oldroyd model, formulated to have the same dependent variable set as the equations governing viscoelastic flow. The state and adjoint equations are solved using the finite element method. Previous efforts in optimal control of fluid flows assume a temperature-dependent Newtonian viscosity when describing the model equations, but make the simplifying assumption of a constant Newtonian viscosity when carrying out computations. This assumption is not made in the current work.
Adage: an open API for data collection in educational games

In an attempt to provide academic game development studios with an efficient and low-cost data collection system that can be used across multiple games, the Assessment Data Aggregator for Gaming Environments (ADAGE) framework is currently being designed and developed by the University of Wisconsin and the Learning Games Network, in tandem with the Play Data Consortium [1, 8]. The developers of ADAGE hope that the open-source nature of the project will encourage collaboration across the multiple academic institutions currently developing and investigating the use of video games as educational tools.
Performance evaluation of highly concurrent computers by deterministic simulation

Simulation is presented as a practical technique for performance evaluation of alternative configurations of highly concurrent computers. A technique is described for constructing a detailed deterministic simulation model of a system. In the model a control stream replaces the instruction and data streams of the real system. Simulation of the system model yields the timing and resource usage statistics needed for performance evaluation, without the necessity of emulating the system. As a case study, the implementation of a simulator of a model of the CPU-memory subsystem of the IBM 360/91 is described. The results of evaluating some alternative system designs are discussed. The experiments reveal that, for the case study, the major bottlenecks in the system are the memory unit and the fixed point unit. Further, it appears that many of the sophisticated pipelining and buffering techniques implemented in the architecture of the IBM 360/91 are of little value when high-speed (cache) memory is used, as in the IBM 360/195.
Metabolism of the malignant astrocytoma.

A comprehensive review of the biochemical organization of the malignant astrocytoma is presented. The review is intended for neurosurgeons. It outlines the metabolic flow of events beginning with energy and substrate utilization, followed by structural components (protein, lipids, etc.) and tumor ce
Flavonoids of Helianthus series Corona-solis

Leaf and ray flower flavonoids were characterized from the 15 species of Helianthus series Corona-solis. Leaf flavonoids consisted of a mixture of 6-methoxyflavone aglycones, flavonal glycosides, and, in some species, anthochlors. Ray flowers contained anthochlor and flavonol glycosides. Little variation in leaf flavonoid patterns and none in ray flavonoids were observed between species.
Late potentials in mitral valve prolapse.

Abstract To determine the incidence and significance of late potentials in patients with mitral valve prolapse, we performed surface signal-averaged electrocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring in 41 patients with moderate to severe mitral vaive prolapse on two-dimensional echocardiograms. Late potentials were defined as the presence of either a root mean square voltage of the last 40 msec of the QRS (RMS-40) of less than 20 μv or a low-amplitude signal duration (LAS-40) of greater than 39 msec. Despite the absence of clinically significant ventricular tachycardia by history and on ambulatory ECG monitoring, 12 patients had late potentials on their signal-averaged electrocardiograms. Clinical characteristics could not differentiate patients with from patients without late potentials, and all patients were doing well at a mean follow-up of 34 months except for one noncardiac death. We conclude that late potentials on the surface signal-averaged electrocardiogram are a common and benign finding in patients with mitral valve prolapse and their clinical significance should be determined only in the presence of other findings.
Delayed Initiation of Fruiting as a Mechanism of Improved Drought Avoidance in Cotton

Delayed fruiting in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) may result in enhanced root growth, which could improve the crop's ability to avoid episodic drought events. This study, conducted under a rainout shelter at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, examined the effects of delayed fruiting on cotton root growth and yield under irrigated and water deficit stress conditions. Delayed fruiting was achieved through fruiting branch removal at 35 and 41 d after planting (DAP) in 2000 and 41 and 48 DAP in 2001 such that the first fruiting branch occurred approximately at main stem node 9 in all plants within a plot. Water deficit stress was developed by withholding irrigation and rainfall beginning at first flower for 17 d in 2000 and 16 d in 2001. Root counts were made for six consecutive weeks beginning at first flower using a minirhizotron camera system. At harvest, 3 m of row in each plot was hand picked and boll counts and seed cotton yields were recorded. Delayed fruiting, irrespective of irrigation treatment, resulted in higher root counts. Delayed fruiting also delayed maturity and altered fruit distribution on the plant. Upper main stem nodes contributed more to boll number and seed cotton yield with delayed fruiting. In 2000, delayed fruiting with water deficit stress reduced yield whereas no such differences were detected in 2001. Thus, delayed fruiting resulted in increased root growth but did not enhance drought avoidance as determined by boll number or seed cotton yield.
Characterization and processing of cottonseed oil obtained by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide

Extraction of flaked cottonseed with supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures of 50-80 C and pressures of 8,000-15,000 psi yields an improved etude cottonseed oil compared to those obtained by con­ ventional solvent or expeller processes. Improvements include lighter initial color, less refining loss and lighter refined bleached colors. Ctude cottonseed oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction re­ quire less refining lye and show less tendency to undergo color fixation while in storage. INTRODucnON Recently, there has been much interest in the use of super­ critical fluid (SCF) for the extraction of oilseeds, and previous reports from this laboratory have described work with soybeans and corn germ (1-3). This report extends the work to cottonseed and details some preliminary observa­ tions on the composition, processing and organoleptic properties of oils obtained by extraction of cottonseed flakes with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-C02). Cotton­ seed oil generally is considered to be more difficult to process than the other common vegetable oils, because it contains somewhat higher levels of free fatty acids and is more intensely colored as the result of the presence of gossypol and related pigments that are carried along during solvent extraction or expeller pressing.
Self-Regulated Learning

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2003, Vol 48(1), 16–18. The reviewer notes that this book (see record 2001–06817–000) provides us with a thorough overview and analysis of the emergence of theories of self regulated learning from seven different perspectives: ope
Workshop on the usage of XDE in a computer science program

This workshop will introduce the IBM product XDE and how XDE can be used in computer science program. XDE consists of the UML oriented case Rose integrated into Eclipse.
Low-frequency modes in proteins: Use of the effective-medium approximation to interpret the fractal dimension observed in electron-spin relaxation measurements.

A method based on the effective-medium approximation is developed for calculation of the low-frequency density of vibrational states, g(\ensuremath{\omega}), in proteins. The calculated values of fractal exponent \ensuremath{\gamma} [g(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$] are anomalously low (0l\ensuremath{\gamma}l1) in accord with estimates from measurements of the electron-spin relaxation time in low-spin ferric proteins. The essential element leading to the low \ensuremath{\gamma} value is the limited cross-chain connectivity in proteins, rather than the geometric arrangement of the polypeptide chain.
Zinc, cadmium, metallothionein, and progesterone: do they participate in the etiology of pregnancy induced hypertension?

Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, has been incriminated in the etiology of essential hypertension. Zinc, an essential micronutrient necessary for growth, competes with cadmium for binding sites in biochemical processes; zinc deficiency states (i.e. pregnancy and low protein diet) might expose an individual to increased risk of cadmium toxicity. The increased sensitivity to cadmium during pregnancy could also be related to the effect of progesterone on zinc and cadmium metabolism through the actions of metallothionein (MT). MT is a low molecular weight protein believed to function in cadmium detoxification. Several studies in lab animals have documented a late gestation drop of maternal MT levels. This was thought to be due to rising progesterone levels. If there is also a late gestation drop in human maternal MT, then the propensity toward maternal cadmium toxicity would be enhanced. Therefore, we propose that when a zinc deficient woman becomes pregnant and is exposed to both the nutritional demands of the fetus and to the influence of progesterone, she will be likely to develop the manifestations of cadmium toxicity (i.e. hypertension, proteinuria, edema, etc.).
The symmetry of self-complementary surfaces.

Abstract The concept of molecular complementarity is defined, and a theorem given which describes the symmetry required of self-complementary surfaces. We show in detail that the surfaces of chymotrypsin and concanavalin A have this symmetry, while that of the α chain of human deoxyhemoglobin does not.
The aesthetics of laboratory inscription: Claude Bernard's Cahier Rouge.

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the aesthetic sensibilities of the French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813–1878). In particular, it analyzes the Cahier Rouge (1850–1860), Bernard's acclaimed laboratory notebook. In this notebook, Bernard articulates the range of his experience as an experimental physiologist, juxtaposing without differentiation details of laboratory procedure and more personal queries, doubts, and reflections on experimentation, life, and art. Bernard's insights, it is argued, offer an aesthetic and phenomenological template for considering experimentation. His physiological point of view ranges from his own bodily aesthesis or sensory perception, through personal reflections on scientific discovery as an artistic process, to a broader metaphysical conception of life as an artistic creation. Such an aesthetic approach to physiology enables Bernard to reconcile his empirical methodology and his romantic idealism; it offers the history of laboratory science a framework for considering the indi...
Coalinga Chrysotile: A Short Fibre, Amphibole Free, Chrysotile: Part V - Lack of Amphibole Asbestos Contamination

Exposure to asbestos in the indoor built environment has been a concern for many years. The most common exposures in that setting are to short ultra-thin, naturally defibrillated form of fibrous asbestiform chrysotile and possibly trace amounts of short, non-asbestiform amphibole. Coalinga chrysotile is a short fibre mineral that was mined from a large ore body in California. It has been investigated in considerable detail since, although it is widely believed to be amphibole free, evidence for this has not hitherto been summarised. Analytical results from investigations that directly searched for amphiboles and geological studies from which the presence or absence of amphibole can be inferred, have indicated that Coalinga chrysotile is free of amphibole asbestos. Indeed, numerous investigations, performed over almost half a century, using a variety of techniques including the most sensitive methods, and studying many thousands of samples have failed to find any amphibole asbestos in Coalinga chrysotile. ...
How nondirective therapy directs: The power of empathy in the context of unconditional positive regard

This paper explains how acceptance and empathy are vehicles for psychotherapeutic change by showing how these factors function in nondirective client-centered therapy. The paper argues that because the nondirective client-centered therapist's unconditional positive regard may conflict with the client's conditional self-regard, the therapy cultivates a novel restructuring of the client's narrative. By revealing how positive therapeutic change can result from the interplay of unconditional positive regard and empathy, the article explains the effectiveness of classical client-centered therapy in particular and accounts at least in part for the effectiveness of other therapies that stress the healing properties of the psychotherapeutic relationship.
Comparison of the apparent antidepressant activity of (−) and (+) tranylcypromine in an animal model

Abstract The isomers of tranylcypromine (TCP) readily entered the rat brain after intraperitoneal administration and reached peak concentrations within 15 min. Apparently, (−) TCP entered the brain more rapidly and reached somewhat higher concentrations than (+) TCP. Alter a dose of 2.5 mg/kg of (−) or (+) TCP. there was significantly more drug in brain than has been reported necessary to block the re-uptake of amines by synaptosomes. Both isomers blocked monoamine oxidase in vivo and in vitro. (+) TCP was between 10 and 60 times more active than (−) TCP, depending on the amine substrate evaluated, and both isomers were better inhibitors of type-B monoamine oxidase activity than type-A activity. The (+) isomer was more active in preventing reserpine-induced sedation in the rat than the (−) isomer. The ability to prevent the rescrpine syndrome was apparently related to the ability of the drugs to block monoamine oxidase activity rather than to blockade of amine re-uptake.
Misfit Strain Relaxation Mechanisms in Core/Shell Nanowires

In the past decade, core/shell nanowires (NWs) have attracted much attention due to the broad variety of potential applications of these structures in future nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Because of the lattice mismatch between the core and shell materials, crystal dislocations often form to relax the mismatch strains. In this article, we propose a relaxation mechanism for the misfit strains generated in the core/shell NWs, in which lattice dislocations nucleate from the outer surfaces and then propagate to the core/shell interface. An analytical model is developed to predict the critical shell thickness corresponding to defect-free core/shell NWs with respect to the growth direction.
Harvesting Number and Timing Effects on Shoot Yield and Flavonoid Content in Organically Grown American Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora)

A field experiment was conducted in Alabama to determine the effect of timing and frequency of harvest on shoot yield and flavonoid content of American skullcap. In the first year (2008), harvesting twice gave 36% higher yield than harvesting once. In the second year (2009), plant die-off late in the season prevented a comparison of two and three harvests, so only the effects of early and late harvest were compared. There was no difference in yield between early or late harvesting. Plant height and density, percent dry matter, and shoot yield were higher in the first harvest than the second harvest. In 2008, the yield and concentration of flavonoid baicalein was the highest. In 2009, the yield and concentration of baicalin was the highest, followed by baicalein and apigenin. There were no differences in flavonoid yield between early and late harvest. Flavonoid yield in 2009 was 58% higher in the first harvest than in the second.
CD7-positive acute leukemia lacking T cell receptor gene rearrangements and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression suggesting pre-T cell origin

In this report, we describe a case of acute leukemia possessing a unique immunophenotype. Leukemic cells isolated from peripheral blood were analyzed by automated fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. They demonstrated the following antigen pattern: CD7+, CD38+, transferrin receptor+, HLA-DR+, common ALL antigen (CALLA)-, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-. No expression of B cell or myeloid antigens was observed. The observed antigen pattern suggests a pre-T cell origin. In addition, the tumor cells contained germline T cell receptor beta (T beta) and gamma (T gamma) chain genes, and a germline immunoglobulin heavy chain (JH) gene. These findings support the concept that pre-T cell leukemias may demonstrate germline T beta and T gamma genes as well as lack TdT expression. In addition, our results suggest that CD7 expression may be one of the earliest events in T cell differentiation, occurring prior to both T beta an T gamma gene rearrangements, and TdT expression.
An accessory chromophore in red vision

The rods in salamanders' retinas can co-opt a molecule derived from chlorophyll to detect red light.
Monoclonal antibody against human sperm-specific YLP12 peptide sequence involved in oocyte binding.

The monoclonalantibody (mAb) against YLP 12 peptide was raised and its immunobiological properties were examined. In the Western blot procedure, the YLP 12 mAb recognized a specific protein band of ~50 &#45 5 kD in human sperm extract and ~72 &#45 5 kD in human testis extract. The myeloma Ig control did not recognize these specific protein bands. In the immunofluorescence studies, the YLP 12 mAb, and not the myeloma Ig, predominantly reacted with the acrosome regions of methanol-fixed human sperm. In the acrosome reaction assay, the YLP 12 mAb showed a significant ( p <.001) and a concentration-dependent inhibition of acrosome reaction. The myeloma Ig did not affect the acrosome reaction. There was no apparent effect of antibodies on sperm motility. Thus, the monoclonal antibody, if humanized by genetic engineering technology, may provide a useful immunocontraceptive agent.
Coexistence of focal and idiopathic generalized epilepsy in the same patient population

Summary Purpose To review the clinical, electrographic, radiological, and pathological findings of patients with coexistent idiopathic generalized and partial epilepsy syndromes. Methods We performed a medical record review and a phone interview with all patients hospitalized to the Cleveland Clinic epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) between 1992 and 2002 who fulfilled clinical and EEG criteria of coexistent partial and generalized epilepsy syndromes. Results Seven patients were identified. Two (29%) were men with a mean age of 26 years. Four had a history of febrile seizures. Family history was positive in five. Mean duration of the generalized epilepsy syndrome was 11 years, and of the focal epilepsy 18 years. An equal number of patients developed focal versus generalized epilepsy first. Interictal EEG activity was predominantly generalized. Four had video-EEG documentation of both types of seizures. In the rest, only focal seizures were recorded but interictal activity strongly suggested a coexistent generalized epilepsy. MRI showed hippocampal atrophy in all, and hippocampal dysplasia in three. Five patients had PET imaging, all with hypometabolism in areas corresponding to the ictal onset on EEG. Four patients underwent epilepsy surgery with good surgical outcome and pathological confirmation of hippocampal sclerosis in all. Conclusion We found a 0.2% incidence of coexistent focal and primary generalized epilepsy. Febrile seizures and a positive family history were common. Good seizure control was achieved after temporal lobectomy, even when interictal generalized activity predominated.
Relationship of the uptake and β-oxidation of 18-carbon fatty acids with stimulation of murine mammary tumor cell growth

Abstract The effects of stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acid on the in vitro growth of murine mammary tumor cell line 4526 were compared to 4526 uptake and β-oxidation of those fatty acids. Both 18:1 and 18:2 stimulated, while 18:0 inhibited growth. Likewise, uptake and oxidation rates were much lower for 18:0 than for 18:1 and 18:2. The influence of glucose, insulin and fatty acid-depletion on 4526 fatty acid incorporation and oxidation was also determined. The correlation between effects on in vitro growth and ability to assimilate 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 may partially explain the stimulation by unsaturated and inhibition by saturated fatty acids of in vivo 4526 tumorigenesis.
C12-PTV with Controlled Regioregularity for Photovoltaic Application

Regioregular monosubstituted polythienylvinylene (PTV) is a potentially important class of low band-gap conjugated polymers for photovoltaic research. We have recently reported the synthesis of a fully head-to-tail regioregular dodecyl-substituted PTV (HT-HT PDDTV). To balance high crystallization tendency and solution processibility, a series of PDDTV with controlled regioregularity have been synthesized using two isomeric co-monomers with molar ratios from 0:1, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6 to 5:5, and solubility increases from less than 2 mg/mL to greater than 20 mg/mL in chloroform. The polymers are studied by 1 H and 13 C NMR, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography. Preliminary study of photovoltaic performance has been conducted for 5:5 PDDTV.
Dielectric relaxation behavior of some ethylene‐methacrylic acid copolymers and their methyl esters

Ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers containing two different concentrations of the acid groups have been studied by dielectric relaxation and infrared techniques. The infrared measurements, used to determine the number of acid dimers present at a given temperature, indicate a sufficient number of free COOH dipoles present to account for the magnitude of the observed β dielectric relaxation (frequency plane) in both copolymer systems. Dielectric measurements on the methyl ester derivatives of the above copolymers yield dispersions of unusual width, which precluded attempts to estimate the number of ester dipoles participating in the relaxation. A possible explanation for this behavior is advanced.
A distributed storage solution for cloud based e-Healthcare Information System

With the advent of web 3.0, cloud and mobile technologies, data has evolved enormously in terms of quality and quantity to satisfy a variety of user needs. Managing and processing such large data efficiently and effectively is a major challenge to the information industry. Though conventional Database Management systems (DBMS) can support many applications, they are now unable to handle distinct types of data competently. Processing structured and unstructured data in conventional DBMS degrades system performance and results in inefficient storage utilization. In addition, cloud and mobile technologies offer various challenges to conventional databases in terms of performance and scalability. NoSQL services are based on highly scalable architecture and performance characteristics which are best suited for distributed services in cloud environment. However, when it comes to managing structured data, there is no match to the capabilities of conventional RDBMS technologies. Therefore, our approach is to design a distributed storage system using a combination of RDBMS and NoSQL databases to ensure optimal system performance and scalability. Our target system is a Radiology Information System (RIS), a component of e-Healthcare Information System (HIS) comprising of large amounts of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data. The RIS system will be hosted on a hybrid cloud where the private cloud is used to store the sensitive data of the patients and the public cloud is used to store the public data.
Teachers' Views about Multiple Strategies in Middle and High School Mathematics.

Despite extensive scholarship about the importance of teaching mathematics with multiple strategies in the elementary grades, there has been relatively little discussion of this practice in the middle and high school levels or in the context of introductory algebra. This article begins our exploration of this practice by addressing the following questions: (1) What do middle and high school Algebra I teachers describe as the advantages of instruction that includes a focus on multiple strategies?; and (2) What disadvantages to this practice do these teachers describe? Our analysis, based on the data from interviews (N= 13) and surveys (N= 79) conducted with experienced middle and secondary mathematics teachers, indicates that middle and secondary math teachers’ reported views surrounding multiple strategies appear to differ in important ways from those typically associated with teaching with multiple strategies in the elementary grades.
Individual‐Based Model of Young‐of‐the‐Year Striped Bass Population Dynamics. I. Model Description and Baseline Simulations

Abstract An individual-based model of population dynamics of age-0 striped bass Morone saxatilis is described and model predictions are analyzed. The model begins with spawning and simulates the daily growth and mortality of the progeny from each egg clutch as the fish develop through the life stages of egg, yolk-sac larva, feeding larva, and juvenile during their first year of life in a single, well-mixed compartment. Day of spawning and development rates of eggs and yolk-sac larvae depend on temperature. Daily growth of feeding individuals is represented by a bioenergetics equation, for which consumption is based on random encounters by individuals with different types of prey. Larvae feed on four zooplankton types and juveniles feed exclusively on size-classes of four benthic types. Mortality of eggs and yolk-sac larvae has both temperature-dependent and constant terms; mortality of feeding larvae and juveniles depends on an individual's weight and length. Most of the computations in the simulation inv...
Effect of parking orbit period on aerocapture for manned Mars missions

Aerocapture has previously been identified as a critical technology for manned Mars missions. A wide range of parking orbits is available into which an aerobraking vehicle could be captured, and earlier authors have advocated different target orbits for various reasons. The choice of the parking orbit impacts the amount of energy which must be dissipated during the atmospheric trajectory. The effect of this choice on the entry corridor width, the required vehicle L/D, and the aerothermal environment are explored in this paper.
Forensic nursing science: Global strategies in health and justice

Forensic nurse examiners (FNE) are becoming integral partners in contemporary med- icolegal systems worldwide. Existing forensic services have been proven inadequate to sufficiently address the vast crimes against women and children, victims of sexual and domestic violence, socio- cultural crimes, abusive religious rituals, and atrocities that accompany armed conflict. Considering that nurses comprise the largest group of healthcare providers worldwide, forensic nurse examiners represent a previously unrecognized resource in universal healthcare and embody an ideal group to advance international considerations in global healthcare and social justice. Although specific legal concerns within the healthcare communities vary from country to country, all nations struggle with issues of public health and safety. A comprehensive multidisciplinary forensic education and train- ing program for nurses will facilitate improved management of existing interpersonal and sexual violence crises while reducing an unnecessary back log of cases for forensic physicians. The addition of a forensic specialist in nursing science will provide a valuable resource to assist in the substan- tiation of prosecutors' claims or aid in the exoneration of suspects who are falsely accused. Their unique contributions increase coordination and cooperation, share medical/forensic expertise, enhance the care of victims of crimes while augmenting forensic services, and act as a liaison in applicable responsibilities between healthcare institutions and law enforcement agencies. The rele- vant literature indicates that once the Forensic Nurse Examiner Response Team is trained, specialists in forensic nursing science practice independently under the auspices of a Director of Clinical Foren- sic Medicine or Chief Medical Examiner. This new generation of health and justice professionals
Interface phonons of quantum wires.

We have used the continuum dielectric approach to study the optical-interface-phonon modes of a quantum-wire structure consisting of one material buried within another. Wires with a number of cross-sectional shapes have been studied. Analytical results are presented for wires with elliptical cross sections, of which the circular cross section is a special case. Numerical results using an integral-equation approach are given for wires with arbitrary cross-sectional shapes including rectangles having rounded corners. The dependence of the modes on the wire cross sections and their relation to the vibrational modes of planar quantum wells are discussed. For large wave vectors parallel to the wire or around the wire circumference, the modes are found to approach those of the planar interface. Modes are found to be localized in the corners of the wires or regions of high curvature, and the degree of localization is found to increase with the increasing sharpness of the corners.
The effect of dexamethasone blockade of ACTH release on avoidance learning.

Abstract Forty-eight male albino rats received 25 avoidance training trials in a shuttle-box, and a second block of 25 trials after a 0-hr, 1-hr or 4-hr intersession interval. Half of the rats were injected with 400 μg of dexamethasone 21-phosphate 2 hr before the first 25 trials. Animals tested after the 0-hr intersession interval avoided most often, and tended to make more spontaneous intertrial crossings than the 1-hr group. Dexamethasone 21-phosphate blocked adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release in response to the stress of training as reflected in plasma corticosterone levels, but it did not affect avoidance behavior.
A nominal adaptive controller for a robot manipulator

This article derives an adaptive controller to achieve trajectory following for a robot manipulator. Lyapunov's second method is used for the design. The parameter, position, and velocity errors are shown to be uniformly bounded in the presence of an unknown bounded disturbance. To obtain insight for selecting the various control parameters for maintaining small tracking and parameter errors, we derive an error bound in terms of the system disturbances.
Transported turtle grass as a source of organic enrichment of abyssal sediments off North Carolina

Abstract The finding of a considerable amount of turtle grass at abyssal depths off North Carolina and at bathyal depth off Florida suggests a continuing fall-out of sea grass as a source of organic enrichment for deep-sea floor. Turtle grass does not grow in the Carolinas but is abundant in Southern Florida, Bermuda, and the Bahamas; which indicate that the grass is distributed by the Gulf Stream rather than simple shore-to-depth transport.
Surface diffusion of chemisorbed sulfur on nickel (111)

Abstract The diffusion coefficient of sulfur adatoms on Ni(111) was determined at 650 K by measuring with Auger electron spectroscopy the diffusional radial spreading from a central source. The results were analyzed in terms of a surface-coverage dependent diffusion model and good agreement was observed at fractional saturation coverage θ
Estimating Nonlinear Models: Correcting for Measurement Error

Measurement errors in predictor variables bias multiple regression coefficients, and the problem is particularly complex with nonlinear models containing product variates. This article presents formulas and computing algorithms for correcting data before regression analyses in order to eliminate biases due to measurement errors in models with second- and third-order product variates (e.g., YZ and XYZ). The method requires independent estimates of error variances and covariances for the first-order variates (e.g., X, Y, and Z). An analysis of empirical data illustrates the approach. Errors in estimates are examined through Monte Carlo analyses.
Incorporation of mannose into hemicellulose a in mung bean seedlings

Abstract A particulate enzyme system from mung bean seedlings (Phaseolus aureus) catalyzed the incorporation of radioactivity from GDP- d -[14C]mannose, GDP- d -[14C]glucose and UDP- d -[14C]glucose into a presumed hemicellulose A component. Both GDP- d -[14C]mannose and GDP- d -[14C]glucose utilization reached a maximum in 2- to 3-day-old seedlings and then decreased, while UDP-[14C]glucose utilization remained constant. Mg2+ was required with the optimum concentration being 4 × 10−3M. The Km for GDP- d -[14C]mannose was about 5 × 10−4M. Complete hydrolysis of the hemicellulose A fraction, synthesized from GDP-[14C]mannose, released all the radioactivity as mannose. Enzymatic hydrolysis with a hemicellulase released three neutral [14C]oligosaccharides. One of these was tentatively identified as β- d -mannosyl- d -glucose. On Smith degradation the larger-[14C]oligosaccharides yielded mannose, glycerol and only a small amount of [14C]erythritol, suggesting either β(1–3) linkage, or a branched structure.
Arbitrariness of dividing the total field in an optically inhomogeneous medium into direct and reversed waves

It is argued with the help of a counter example that recent claims about the uniqueness of a certain division of the total optical field in an inhomogeneous medium into a contribution propagating in one direction and one propagating in the opposite direction are erroneous.
Supplementary Caffeine, Carnitine and Choline Reduce Body Fat in Exercising Rats

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To appreciate fat loss by interactive action of nutritional supplements (caffeine, carnitine, choline) and moderate exercise. Professional and nonprofessional athletes use many nutritional supplements to improve performance and to reduce fatigue. Recently, we have shown choline-induced carnitine conservation in normal humans and animal models. The preferential accumulation of carnitine in skeletal muscle lead us to expand search for conditions that may promote fat oxidation and body fat loss. Caffeine is a stimulant and fat mobilizer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of caffeine, carnitine, and choline with and without exercise on body fat and energy substrate utilization. Twenty, 7 wk old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10) and fed either a non-supplemented (NS) or a supplemented (S) diet with a combination of caffeine, carnitine, and choline (@ 0.1, 0.5 and 11.5g/kg diet, respectively) for 30 days. Each dietary group was subdivided into exercise (E) and non-exercise (NE) groups (n=5). The exercise group was made to run on the treadmill for 6 days/wk for 3 weeks. During this time RQ was determined and blood and tissue samples were collected for metabolite determination. The SE group had significantly higher VO 2 max, and lower body weight and body fat mass than the other groups. Serum triglycerides (TG) were significantly lower in the S groups but the muscle TG were not different. Muscle and serum short-chain acylcarnitines were significantly higher in the S groups which indicates higher fat oxidation in these groups compared to the others. The combination of caffeine, carnitine and choline supplementation with exercise significantly reduced body fat in a relatively short period of time. These observations merit further investigation in healthy humans and delineation of the mechanism of these nutrient-nutrient interactions. (Supported by TN-AES 136)
Albinism and Developmental Delay: The Need to Test for 15q11-q13 Deletion

We report on a 17-month-old African girl with cutaneous and ophthalmologic features of oculocutaneous albinism type 2 as well as microcephaly, absent speech, and tremulous movements. Mutations of the P gene within the Angelman/Prader-Willi syndrome critical region at 15q11-q13 cause oculocutaneous albinism type 2. Comorbid oculocutaneous albinism and Angelman syndrome were suspected and confirmed by cytogenetics. Phenotypic features of Angelman syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome in a patient with albinism should prompt further investigation.
Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis in patients with an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid.

Background & Aims:Despite evidence for therapeutic efficacy with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), only 30-50% of patients achieve complete biochemical remission within 1 year of therapy. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive medication that inhibits T and
Folding strategy to prepare Co(II)-substituted metallo-β-lactamase L1

In an effort to overcome previous problems with the preparation of Co(II)-substituted metallo-beta-lactamase L1, two strategies were undertaken. Attempts to prepare Co(II)-substituted L1 using biological incorporation resulted in an enzyme that contained only 1 Eq of cobalt and exhibited no catalytic activity. Co(II)-substituted L1 could be prepared by refolding metal-free L1 in the presence of Co(II), and the resulting enzyme contained 1.8 Eq of cobalt, yielded a UV-Vis spectrum consistent with 5-coordinate Co(II), and exhibited a k(cat) of 63 s(-1) and K(m) of 20 microM when using nitrocefin as the substrate. Pre-steady-state fluorescence and UV-Vis studies demonstrated that refolded, Co(II)-substituted L1 uses the same kinetic mechanism as Zn(II)-containing L1, in which a reaction intermediate is formed when using nitrocefin as substrate. The described refolding strategy can be used to prepare other Co(II)-substituted Zn(II)-metalloenzymes, particularly those that contain a solvent-exposable disulfide, which often causes oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III).
Natural energy decomposition analysis: Explicit evaluation of electrostatic and polarization effects with application to aqueous clusters of alkali metal cations and neutrals

Natural energy decomposition analysis (NEDA) is extended to calculate electrostatic and polarization contributions. NEDA is a Hartree−Fock-based approach that facilitates the calculation of the electrostatic, polarization, charge transfer, exchange, and deformation components of intermolecular interactions. Analysis of the aqueous clusters of the alkali metal cations, M+(H2O)n (n = 1−4), demonstrates the reasonable behavior of the NEDA components and dipole moments with changes in geometry and coordination. In general, the electrostatic and polarization components behave as anticipated from a classical treatment based on point charges, dipoles, and polarizabilities. Extended basis set applications demonstrate the high numerical stability of the method whereas comparison calculations with the Morokuma analysis show contrastingly poor basis set convergence. The popular 6-31+G* basis set yields a binding energy for Li+(H2O) in good agreement with the estimated complete basis set (CBS) limit. However, compari...
Well-defined block copolymers for gene delivery to dendritic cells: Probing the effect of polycation chain-length

Abstract The development of safe and efficient polymer carriers for DNA vaccine delivery requires mechanistic understanding of structure–function relationship of the polymer carriers and their interaction with antigen-presenting cells. Here we have synthesized a series of diblock copolymers with well-defined chain-length using atom transfer radical polymerization and characterized the influence of polycation chain-length on the physico-chemical properties of the polymer/DNA complexes as well as the interaction with dendritic cells. The copolymers consist of a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block and a cationic poly(aminoethyl methacrylate) (PAEM) block. The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the PAEM block was varied among 19, 39, and 75, with nearly uniform distribution. With increasing PAEM chain-length, polyplexes formed by the diblock copolymers and plasmid DNA had smaller average particle size and showed higher stability against electrostatic destabilization by salt and heparin. The polymers were not toxic to mouse dendritic cells (DCs) and only displayed chain-length-dependent toxicity at a high concentration (1 mg/mL). In vitro gene transfection efficiency and polyplex uptake in DCs were also found to correlate with chain-length of the PAEM block with the longer polymer chain favoring transfection and cellular uptake. The polyplexes induced a modest up-regulation of surface markers for DC maturation that was not significantly dependent on PAEM chain-length. Finally, the polyplex prepared from the longest PAEM block (DP of 75) achieved an average of 20% enhancement over non-condensed anionic dextran in terms of uptake by DCs in the draining lymph nodes 24 h after subcutaneous injection into mice. Insights gained from studying such structurally well-defined polymer carriers and their interaction with dendritic cells may contribute to improved design of practically useful DNA vaccine delivery systems.
Neuronal systems immunoreactive with antiserum to lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of Petromyzon marinus.

The role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in mammalian reproduction has been studied extensively; however, the role of a structurally different, but related, decapeptide is not well characterized in the most primitive class of vertebrates, Agnatha. Utilizing an antiserum directed to the recently characterized lamprey GnRH, we examined immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and nerve fibers in sections from the brain of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, using the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Neuronal perikarya and fibers were immunopositive with antisera generated to lamprey GnRH and also to certain antisera generated to mammalian GnRH. Immunopositive neuronal perikarya were detected in an arcshaped population extending from ventral to dorsal preoptic areas. Fibers from these cells projected to the neurohypophysis via the preoptico-hypophyseal tract, but in addition also protruded into the third ventricle. Additionally, some fibers coursed along the external surface of the brain, and may also release GnRH into meningeal compartments. The presence of fully processed, mature decapeptide is indicated within neuronal perikarya, as well as in projecting nerve fibers and terminals. No reaction product was detected in sections incubated with an antiserum to the interior amino acid sequences of mammalian LHRH. This finding supports the structure reported for lamprey GnRH by Sherwood et al. (1986).
Noncontrast multidetector CT of the kidneys: utility of 2D MPR and 3D rendering to elucidate genitourinary pathology

To encourage routine use of 2D multiplanar reconstructions (MRPs) and 3D renderings when interpreting noncontrast computed tomography (CT) of the kidney, as this practice can unveil findings related to the kidney or its vasculature that are not apparent on axial sections. Inspecting the kidneys or characterizing CT findings with both axial sections and MPRs may facilitate identification of vascular and neoplastic pathology.
Pharmacokinetics of tenidap sodium administered with food or antacid in healthy volunteers.

Abstract 1 The effects of food and antacid on the pharmacokinetics of tenidap were investigated in this randomised, 3-way cross-over study. 2 Twenty-one healthy young men, mean age 27.4 years, received single oral doses of tenidap sodium 120 mg at weekly intervals after either an overnight fast, with food or with 20 ml of the antacid Maalox® (aluminium hydroxide 1.8 g and magnesium hydroxide 1.2 g). Plasma samples collected immediately before and up to 96 h after each tenidap dose were assayed for tenidap using a validated h.p.l.c. method. The assay data were used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of tenidap in each group. 3 Co-administration of tenidap with food produced a statistically significant delay in the rate of absorption (tmax, 4.4 h) (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant change in Cmax. However, co-administration with the antacid significantly decreased both the mean rate and extent of absorption of tenidap compared with the fasting state: AUC, 420.93 μg ml-1 h (antacid), 476.31 μg ml-1 h (fasting) (P = 0.026); Cmax 14.3 μg ml-1 (antacid), 18.0 μg ml-1 (fasting) (P = 0.001); tmax 4.5 h (antacid), 2.9 h (fasting) (P < 0.001). Neither food nor the antacid had any effect on the elimination of tenidap. These changes in tmax are unlikely to be of any clinical significance owing to the long half-life of tenidap. 4 Treatment was well tolerated. Only two adverse events were reported that were considered by the investigator to be related to tenidap. There were no reports of laboratory or cardiovascular abnormalities. 5 The reduced rate of absorption with food is probably a consequence of delayed stomach emptying, whereas the reduced extent of absorption with antacid (11%) probably results from adsorption. These reductions are unlikely to be of clinical significance.