cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Six2 and Wnt Regulate Self-Renewal and Commitment of Nephron Progenitors through Shared Gene Regulatory Networks

A balance between Six2-dependent self-renewal and canonical Wnt signaling-directed commitment regulates mammalian nephrogenesis. Intersectional studies using chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptional profiling identified direct target genes shared by each pathway within nephron progenitors. Wnt4 and Fgf8 are essential for progenitor commitment; cis-regulatory modules flanking each gene are cobound by Six2 and β-catenin and are dependent on conserved Lef/Tcf binding sites for activity. In vitro and in vivo analyses suggest that Six2 and Lef/Tcf factors form a regulatory complex that promotes progenitor maintenance while entry of β-catenin into this complex promotes nephrogenesis. Alternative transcriptional responses associated with Six2 and β-catenin cobinding events occur through non-Lef/Tcf DNA binding mechanisms, highlighting the regulatory complexity downstream of Wnt signaling in the developing mammalian kidney.
Nuclear Rites: A Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War

Nuclear Rites:. Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War. Hugh Gusterson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. xviii. 351 pp., figures, notes, bibliography, index.
Cardiac Sodium Channel Nav1.5 Mutations and Cardiac Arrhythmia

As a major cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel isoform in the heart, the Nav1.5 channel is essential for cardiac action potential initiation and subsequent propagation throughout the heart. Mutations of Nav1.5 have been linked to a variety of cardiac diseases such as long QT syndrome (LQTs), Brugada syndrome, cardiac conduction defect, atrial fibrillation, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The mutagenesis approach and heterologous expression systems are most frequently used to study the function of this channel. This review focuses primarily on recent findings of Nav1.5 mutations associated with type 3 long QT syndrome (LQT3) in particular. Understanding the functional changes of the Nav1.5 mutation may offer critical insight into the mechanism of long QT3 syndrome. In addition, this review provides the updated information on the current progress of using various experimental model systems to study primarily the long QT3 syndrome.
Experimental evidence for a Coulomb gap in two dimensions

We have studied the resistivity of a two-dimensional electron system in silicon in the temperature range 200 mK T7.5 K at zero magnetic field at low electron densities, when the electron system is in the insulating regime. Our results show that at an intermediate temperature range, \ensuremath{\rho}=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$exp[(${\mathit{T}}_{0}$/T${)}^{1/2}$] for at least four orders of magnitude up to 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{9}$ \ensuremath{\Omega}. This behavior is consistent with the existence of a Coulomb gap. Near the metal/insulator transition, the prefactor was found to be ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}h/${\mathit{e}}^{2}$, and resistivity scales with temperature. For very low electron densities ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{s}}$, the prefactor diminishes with diminishing ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{s}}$. A comparison with the theory shows that a specific set of conditions is necessary to observe the behavior of resistivity consistent with the existence of the Coulolmb gap.
On a magnitude preserving iterative MAXnet algorithm

A new iterative maximum picking neural net (MAXnet) is presented. This formulation determines the value and the location either for a unique maximum or for multiple maxima. This new net converges, for many commonly occurring distributions, in O(log M) iterations using only simple computing elements.
Influence of within-row spacings on distribution patterns of yield components in cowpeas☆

Abstract Yield distribution patterns of cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) cultivar ‘California Blackeye No. 5’ were evaluated at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm within-row spacings during spring and fall seasons of 1986 near Fort Pierce, FL. Yield components were partitioned by origin, main stem or branches, and by node and seed weight into 4 nodal groups 1–4 with node numbers 1–4, 5–8, 9–12 and 13–18 nodes, respectively, with Node 1 equal to the cotyledonary node. Pod and seed number and weight originating from branches, main stem or totals per plant increased linearly with decreasing within-row spacing. Seeds per pod and seed size (g seed −1 ) were unaffected by within-row spacing, however, a higher seed number occurred in pods originating from the main stem as compared with branches. Yield productivity per reproductive node increased with wider within-row spacings. The majority of the total seed weight originated from branches and main stem in nodal Group 1. Plants spaced 5 or 10 cm apart had a lower percent seed weight from branches in nodal Group 1 than plants spaced 15 or 20 cm apart. Averages of 10.3 and 1.7% of the total seed yield originated in nodal Groups 3 and 4, respectively. A higher percent seed weight originated from the main stem in plants spaced at 5 or 10 cm apart as compared with plants spaced 15 or 20 cm apart. The data suggest that distribution patterns of yields or plant architecture can be differentially influenced by plant density. Breeding for improved branch yield productivity, particularly in nodal Group 2, may ultimately increase total seed yields, regardless of plant density.
Toward a Theory of Divinatory Practice

Divination has been practiced as a way of knowing and communicating for millennia. Diviners are experts who embrace the notion of moving from a boundless to a bounded realm of existence in their practice. They excel in insight, imagination, fluency in language, and knowledge of cultural traditions and human psychology. During a divination, they construct usable knowledge from oracular messages of various sorts. To do so, they link diverse domains of representational information and symbolism with emotional or presentational experience. Their divinatory acts involve complementary modes of cognition associated with these rather different symbolic forms. In representational symbolism, intentional reference, within a relatively controlled inductive reality, is paramount, while in presentational symbolism, implicit experiential immersion, within a free-flowing context, is grasped intuitively. Wherever a theory of divination has been elicited from diviners, there is a clear recognition of the overlapping of inductive, intuitive, and interpretive techniques and ways of knowing. In order to arrive at a theory of practice for divination, as a form of practical consciousness or knowledge within different modes of cognition, one must take what diviners say and do seriously. Recent scientific studies reveal that consciousness is connected both to electrical information in the brain and nervous system and to electronic semi-conduction in body tissues. Brain consciousness is embedded in body consciousness and coupled to it. This validates the experience of mind-body consciousness diviners have used for millennia in their performances.
In the Same Voice or is it Different?: Gender and the Clergy

This paper reports the observations of male mirusters and rabbis to the manner in which their female colleagues perform their clergcal roles. It indicates that the men do not see the differences in style and substance that the women clergy claim they have introduced. She prefers tO sit in a circle and discuss a text to giving a sermon; cradles babies when welcoming them to the covenant; cries unabashedly at funerals; and has been criticized by denominational leaders for kissing congregants at life cycle events. When asked if she thinks she carries out her role as rabbi differently than her male colleagues, she answers, emphatically, yes. He says gender differences do not exist in the rabbinate except for the fact that women rabbis provide girls with positive role models. When asked if he carries out his rabbinical roles difS ferently than a female colleague, he answers, emphatically, no. This paper reports the observations of male ministers and rabbis to the manner in which their female colleagues perform their roles. As described in our earS lier work, female clergy, both rabbis and ministers, believe they fulfill their roles differently than their male colleagues and that these differences are, in fact, based on sex. ln our first article we explored the backgrounds, motivations, and experiences of female rabbis (Simon and Nadell 1991). Based on thirty-five indepth interviews with thirtytwo Reform, two Reconstructionist, and one Conservative rabbi, we asked: "As a rabbi who is also a woman, do you think you carry out your rabbinical role differently than a male rabbi who is the same age as you are and who was ordained from the seminary?" Almost all the respondents answered: "Yes." The women described themselves as less formal, more approachable, more egalitarian, more likely to reach out to touch and hug, less likely to intrude their egos, and less likely to seek center stage. They asserted that they perform rites of passage ceremonies differently. Some used the phrase
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING PREDICTS STRATEGY USE ON A NATURALISTIC PROSPECTIVE MEMORY TASK IN A COMMUNITY-BASED SAMPLE OF NON-DEMENTED OLDER ADULTS

Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), and BVMT. The third factor (attention/ fluency) consisted of the MoCA attention and language domain scores as well as the WAIS-IV Digit Span scores, and phonemic fluency (FAS). The final factor (language) consisted of the MoCA naming and abstraction domains, as well as category fluency (animals), Boston Naming Test, and WASI-IV Similarities. Conclusions: The individual MoCA domain scores demonstrated high factor loadings with standard neuropsychological measures purported to measure similar cognitive constructs, providing empirical support for the construct validity of the MoCA. Results from this study demonstrate that the domain scores from the MoCA reflect similar constructs as to those gleaned from a more comprehensive battery, lending further support for the use of the MoCA as a brief screen of cognition.
THE HUMAN SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYSTEM: IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL LOCALIZATION OF γA, SECRETORY "PIECE," AND LACTOFERRIN IN NORMAL HUMAN TISSUES

The immunohistological localization of γA, secretory "piece" (SP), and lactoferrin (LF) in the mucosae of a variety of normal human tissues was investigated using specific fluoresceinated antisera. γA staining was localized in the apical portion of the mucosal epithelium, intercellular spaces, basement membrane area, and plasma cells of the interstitium or lamina propria of a number of normal human tissues. SP was ubiquitous in the mucosal epithelium of all tissues studied which included parotid and submaxillary glands, bronchi, pancreas, GI tract, sweat glands, kidney, and gall bladder. In addition, SP staining was localized in the intercellular spaces and on the surface of the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the secretory glands. No SP staining was observed in the plasma cells of the interstitium or lamina propria surrounding the secretory glands in these tissues, and no SP staining was observed in sections of normal spleen or lymph node tissue. SP staining was observed in the sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney in the absence of γA staining. LF was much less ubiquitous in the epithelial cells of the various tissues studied and appeared to be restricted primarily to the acinar epithelium of the bronchial mucosae, parotid, and submaxillary salivary glands, and was also found in renal tubular cells. A hypothetical model for the transport of γA and SP across mucosal membrane epithelium is presented.
Aerodynamic Optimization Using Sensitivity Derivatives from a Three-Dimensional Supersonic Euler Code

Initial results from a three-dimensional marching Euler code equipped with an efficient sensitivity analysis capability are presented. The aerodynamic sensitivity derivatives with respect to wing geometry parameters obtained by the incremental iterative method are compared with those obtained by an efficient central finite differencing method and are both accurate and computationally cheaper. Sample cases for a Mach 2.4 high-speed civil transport wing-body configuration are shown that indicate the feasibility of using these sensitivity derivatives in aerodynamic optimization studies. These demonstrations have been given for design variables that determine wing planform and control flap deflections. The filleted wing-body geometry and computational fluid dynamics grid are modified by automated surface geometry and grid generation codes through which sensitivity information is propagated
Physiological analysis of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 grown in continuous and batch cultures

Chemostat cultures of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 grown on methanol or succinate at a range of dilution rates were compared to batch cultures in terms of enzyme levels, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate content, and intracellular concentrations of adenine and pyridine nucleotides. In both chemostat and batch cultures, enzymes specific to C1 metabolism were up-regulated during growth on methanol and down-regulated during growth on succinate, polyhydroxybutyrate levels were higher on succinate, intracellular ATP levels and the energy charge were higher during growth on methanol, while the pools of reducing equivalents were higher during growth on succinate. For most of the tested parameters, little alteration occurred in response to growth rate. Overall, we conclude that the chemostat cultivation conditions developed in this study roughly mimic the growth in batch cultures, but provide a better control over the culturing conditions and a better data reproducibility, which are important for integrative functional studies. This study provides baseline data for future work using chemostat cultures, defining key similarities and differences in the physiology compared to existing batch culture data.
Fracture Mechanisms of Bulk Amorphous Metal under Impact Loading

Advanced diagnostic instruments and analyses applied to failure surfaces and cross sections of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) can provide insight into the deformation and failure of these materials and assist in prototyping new materials with improved failure resistance. Confocal-optics scanning laser microscopic analysis of conjugate fracture surface topographs suggests that the formation and stretching of ligaments are likely keys to the high impact toughness of Vitreloy.
Distinguishing Intracerebral Hemorrhages Caused by Arteriovenous Malformations

Background: There is a shortage of data addressing the clinical characteristics of patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) who present with intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH).
A computational approach to Quaternary lake-level reconstruction applied in the central Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA

Abstract Sediment-based reconstructions of late-Quaternary lake levels provide direct evidence of hydrologic responses to climate change, but many studies only provide approximate lake-elevation curves. Here, we demonstrate a new method for producing quantitative time series of lake elevation based on the facies and elevations of multiple cores collected from a lake's margin. The approach determines the facies represented in each core using diagnostic data, such as sand content, and then compares the results across cores to determine the elevation of the littoral zone over time. By applying the approach computationally, decisions are made systematically and iteratively using different facies classification schemes to evaluate the associated uncertainty. After evaluating our assumptions using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we quantify past lake-elevation changes, precipitation minus evapotranspiration (ΔP−ET), and uncertainty in both at Lake of the Woods and Little Windy Hill Pond, Wyoming. The well-correlated (r = 0.802 ± 0.002) reconstructions indicate that water levels at both lakes fell at > 11,300, 8000–5500, and 4700–1600 cal yr BP when ΔP − ET decreased to − 50 to − 250 mm/yr. Differences between the reconstructions are typically small (10 ± 24 mm/yr since 7000 cal yr BP), and the similarity indicates that our reconstruction method can produce statistically comparable paleohydrologic datasets across networks of sites.
Improved radioimmunoassay for human TSH

This study concerns the optimization of the human TSH (h-TSH) radioimmunoassay with special emphasis on reducing the heterogeneity of the 125I h-TSH tracer. Enzymatic iodination of h-TSH with glucose oxidase/lactoperoxidase was shown to be superior to either low or high dose chloramine-T procedures, producing a high specific activity reagent (70--150 microCi/microgram) with minimal evidence of damage. Tracer purification procedures not only affected initial immunoactivity but also storage stability and heterogeneity of the resulting 125I h-TSH. Tracers purified by combining concanavalin A-Sepharose adsorption and high resolution gel filtration (Sephadex G100), produced significantly lower (p less than 0.001) serum h-TSH measurements than were observed in less purified tracer materials. Concanavalin A-Sepharose adsorption yield of the 125I h-TSH iodination products closely correlated with the yield (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001) and immunoactivity (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001) of the tracer produced, thus making this an ideal method for initial tracer purification. Storage of tracer adsorbed to a solid support (concanavalin A-Sepharose) reduced technical manipulations without compromising tracer performance. Loss of specific activity was minimized by storage at -70 degrees C. The assay developed using these technical approaches showed a sensitivity limit of 0.005 +/- 0.001 (S.E.M.) microU/tube; 50% displacement at 0.18 +/- 0.08 (S.E.M.) microU/tube and complete delineation between euthyroid (n = 49, 2.44 +/- 0.18 (S.E.M.) mU/l, range 1.00--6.08) and hyperthyroid (n = 62, 0.34 +/- 0.02 (S.E.M.) mU/l, range 0.10--0.85), serum h-TSH levels.
Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with occlusive telangiectasia and multisytemic manifestations

Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcification and cysts is a multisystem autosomal-recessive disorder in which there is an obliterative angiopathy of small vessels, primarily in the brain, retina, and gastrointestinal tract. We present the case of a 14-year-old boy with cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcification and cysts illustrating the classic occlusive retinal telangiectasias. His condition was diagnosed using multiple imaging modalities, including upper gastrointestinal endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography.
Drug-related stimuli impair inhibitory control in cocaine abusers.

Abstract Background Cocaine users show impaired inhibitory control on cued go/no-go tasks and attention bias to drug-related stimuli in the emotional Stroop task. The results of a previous study suggested that there is a relationship between inhibitory control and attention bias in alcohol drinkers such that the presentation of alcohol-related images as a go cue in a cued go/no-go task significantly impaired inhibitory control compared to neutral images as a go cue. The present study determined the generality of these previous findings by assessing inhibitory control in cocaine users utilizing a modified cued go/no-go task with cocaine or neutral images as the cues. Methods Non-treatment seeking cocaine users ( N = 30) completed the modified task after completing detailed measures of demographics and drug use. Participants were matched on basic demographic factors and were assigned to groups in which they saw either a cocaine or neutral image as the go cue. Results Participants assigned to the cocaine image go cue condition had a significantly higher proportion of inhibitory failures to the no-go target than their counterparts assigned to the neutral cue condition, but there were no group differences on reaction time (i.e., accuracy was not traded for speed). Conclusions Cocaine users were less able to inhibit pre-potent responses when a cocaine-related image served as the go cue than when a neutral image served as the go cue, consistent with previous research in alcohol users. The outcomes suggest that cocaine-related cues produce disinhibition, perhaps contributing to the high incidence of relapse or continued cocaine use.
A geocast architecture for mobile cellular networks

In this paper, we address the geocasting problem for cellular mobile networks. The crucial components to support geocasting services are, the geolocation mechanism, dispersion of the geolocation information, and geocast message routing and delivery. We present a cellular architecture to support geocasting with minimal overhead signaling, subject to the quality of service requirements of the particular geocast applications.
Film technology in microwave integrated circuits

A review of the material technology for microwave integrated circuits (MICs) is presented. The types of microwave circuit media that have been used are described and classified as a function of the amount of size reduction or integration which corresponds to the effective dielectric constant of the media. The materials used for substrates, conductors, dielectrics, and resistors are considered in terms of the requirements for microwave circuits. The fabrication of multilayered thin-film circuits and the various thin-film combinations that have been used in MICs are discussed. The various loss contributions for microstrip circuits produced by thin- and thick-film technology and substrate material are compared with each other as a function of frequency. It is concluded that microwave circuits operating at frequencies 2 GHz and above require thin-films on pure smooth substrates.
The role of intrinsic and agonist-activated conductances in determining the firing patterns of preoptic area neurons in the guinea pig

Abstract Whole-cell and intracellular recordings were made in coronal hypothalamic slices prepared from ovariectomized female guinea pigs. 62% of preoptic area (POA) neurons fired action potentials in a bursting manner, and exhibited a significantly greater afterhyperpolarization (AHP) than did non-bursting POA neurons. The majority (70%) of POA neurons (n=76) displayed a time-dependent inward rectification (Ih) that was blocked by CsCl (3 mM) or by ZD 7288 (30 μM). In addition, 51% of the cells expressed a low-threshold spike (LTS) associated with a transient inward current (IT) that was blocked by NiCl2 (200 μM). A smaller percentage of POA neurons (29%) expressed a transient outward, A-type K+ current that was antagonized by a high concentration of 4-aminopyridine (3 mM). Moreover, POA neurons responded to bath application of the μ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO (93%) or the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (83%) with a membrane hyperpolarization or an outward current. These responses were accompanied by a decrease in input resistance or an increase in conductance, respectively, and were attenuated by BaCl2 (100 μM). In addition, the reversal potential for these responses closely approximated the Nernst equilibrium potential for K+. These results suggest that POA neurons endogenously express to varying degrees an AHP, an Ih, an IT and an A-type K+ current. The vast majority of these neurons also are inhibited upon μ-opioid or GABAB receptor stimulation via the activation of an inwardly-rectifying K+ conductance. Such intrinsic and transmitter-activated conductances likely serve as important determinants of the firing patterns of POA neurons.
Probabilistic Design of Networked Control Systems With Uncertain Time Delay

Networked control systems (NCSs), where control loops are closed through a real-time network, have been adopted in many application areas. Examples include manufacturing plants, automobiles, aircraft, and spacecraft. However, the insertion of a real-time network introduces time delays due to time-sharing of the communication media. The network-induced delay can degrade the performance of an NCS, and can even destabilize the system. Due to its random nature, in this paper, we apply the promising probability robust control approach to handle the network-induced delay, which is modeled as an uncertainty governed by a probability distribution function. With considering both stability and performance of NCSs in the stage of control design, we propose the synthesis condition of ℋ∞ state-feedback control of NCSs. It is formulated as a set of linear matrix inequalities with uncertain parameter present in the the state-space data. The ellipsoid randomized algorithm is applied to solve the matrix variables and design a probabilistic robust controller. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the probabilistic design method for NCSs.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Flexibility of Stepping Manner of Myosin V and X Processive Movement on 2D Actin Structures

In a TIRF in vitro motility assay, we investigated the processivity and stepping characteristics of myosin V HMM and myosin X HMM with a leucine zipper on single actin filaments and actin bundles. Actin was polymerized and cross-linked on a charged lipid monolayer in Teflon wells in order to create regular 2D or 3D structures. Two cross-linking proteins were used: alpha-actinin which produces non-polarized bundles with 40 nm filament spacing and fimbrin which produces polarized actin bundles with 14 nm filament spacing. We were determined the velocities and the run length for processive movement on those 2-D actin bundles by using modified particle tracking softwear. Myosin V moved processively on all types of in vitro actin structures. Myosin X moved well on polarized fimbrin cross-linked bundles but movement was impaired or nonexistent on non-polarized alpha-actinin bundles. Fursthermore, we have measured the stepping manner of myosin V and X by using FIONA analysis, which allow us to measured nano-meter precision. Myosin V steps along single actin filaments, while myosin X steps over several actin filaments on the 2-D actin filaments. We hypothesize that forward runs of myosin X on alpha-actinin cross-linked bundles are inhibited because myosin X "sidesteps" to a parallel oppositely polarized filament and the run stalls. The presence of a SAH domain in the lever arm of myosin X could increase the working stroke or flexibility of the lever arm and allow it more easily sidestep the larger alpha-actinin filament spacing.
Change from “Atlantic-type” to “Pacific-type” carbonate stratigraphy in the middle Pliocene Equatorial Pacific Ocean

A paleomagnetically dated piston core from the Equatorial Pacific Ocean (V28-179) contains levels of highest carbonate percentage in association with lower δ18O values in early Pliocene sediments. This relationship is typical of the Atlantic during the Quaternary and is thus referred to as an “Atlantic-type” carbonate stratigraphy. The change from an “Atlantic-type” to a “Pacific-type” stratigraphy (high-carbonate glacial episodes) appears to have occurred during the earliest Gauss Magnetic Chron (3.18–3.41 Ma) of middle Pliocene age, and may be related to the development of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Samples deposited prior to the development of Northern Hemisphere glaciation in V28-179 have a significant proportion of low-frequency (> 400-ka period) variance in both the benthic O18 and carbonate spectra, and an “Atlantic-type” correlation. Both the oxygen-isotopic and the carbonate spectra of V28-179 have frequency-specific correlation (coherency) with the calculated Pliocene record of the eccentricity of Earth's orbit. Thus, orbital parameters may have affected Equatorial Pacific sedimentation in the Pliocene. The change from “Atlantic-type” to “Pacific-type” carbonate stratigraphy in the middle Pliocene may have been related to a change in the dominant frequency of variance of carbonate oscillations related to orbital parameters, and/or to intensification of Antarctic Bottom Water circulation during the middle Pliocene near the base of the Gauss Chron.
Canine Pericardial Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma of the canine pericardium has been described infrequently, usually as one manifestation of widespread dissemination of the neopla~m.~~~~~ This report de
Extending tester capability by use of programmable-gain instrumentation amplifier as an IC test solution

Often times IC test solutions are constrained by the capability of the choice or targeted tester technology in terms of parametric or functional test specifications. This choice or targeted tester technology is usually the main or majority tester platform that is being used in a given organization. This paper will focus on a methodology to extend the capability of a said tester for a higher precision parametric measurement. It will not cover enhancement for functional test capability. In this paper, the use of circuit designs and programming solutions is detailed to create a novel test solution, by way of creative use of programmable-gain instrumentation amplifier in test board design, allowing IC test solution to extend beyond the specification of a targeted tester technology, ie extending the higher precision measurement capability onto the test board. This paper will also touch on the bonus financial benefit of such a test solution, in which cost savings can be achieved via targeted test board design changes together with its complementing programming solutions for use on existing tester solution instead of asset capitalization of new tester technology to enable the same IC test requirements.
Differences in the execution/nonexecution of advance directives by community dwelling adults.

Factors associated with the process of execution or nonexecution of advance directives, that is, living wills and/or durable powers of attorney for health care, by community dwelling adults are described. Data were collected by mail (n = 210, 51% response rate); 18.1% (n = 38) had executed an advance directive (AD). Significant differences were noted between AD executors and nonexecutors. Executors were older than nonexecutors. Executors had greater concern about an executed AD diminishing the quality of care they received. They participated in more MD-initiated discussions about ADs, and had more numerous AD educational experiences, more personal experience with the terminal illnesses or critical injuries of relatives or friends, a greater degree of familiarity with AD documents, and a greater degree of religiosity. The integration of these factors at various points along a continuum of intentional self-change moves an individual through several stages of a behavioral change process, culminating with the execution or nonexecution of an AD. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Res Nurs Health 23:319–333, 2000.
Absorption Kinetics of Hydroflumethiazide

The pharmacokinetics of hydroflumethiazide after oral administration of a 100-mg dose to 12 volunteers were evaluated to determine whether absorption of the drug is best described by zero-order or first-order absorption. Comparison of the two absorption models was based on three criteria: (1) correlation coefficients; (2) standard deviations of the parameter estimates; and (3) visual fits. Evaluation of the individual results in light of each criterion showed that the zero-order absorption model is the more appropriate one for describing the hydroflumethiazide data.
Poly(aryl ether oxadiazoles)

A general method for the preparation of poly(aryl ether oxadiazoles) has been developed where the generation of an aryl ether linkage was the polymer-forming reaction. Two synthetic approaches were investigated based on either an oxadiazole-activated halo displacement with phenoxides or a hydrazide-activated halo-displacement with phenoxides. The hydrazide may be subsequently thermally cyclodehydrated to the oxadiazole heterocyclic. In each case, the negative charge developed in the transition state could be stabilized through a Meisenheimer Complex, analogous to conventional activating groups (e.g., sulfone and ketone), and the electron affinity, as judged by 1H NMR, was comparable to that of other activating groups. An appropriately substituted diarylfluoro oxadiazole was prepared and polymerized with various bisphenols in an NMP/CHP solvent mixture in the presence of K2CO3. High molecular weight poly(aryl ether oxadiazoles) were synthesized with viscosities ranging from 0.44 to 0.76 dL/g and Tg's in the 200°C range. Conversely, the hydrazide activated halo-displacement as a means of preparing poly(aryl ether hydrazides) was not as successful, since it appears that the hydrazide was of sufficient acidity to form a salt with K2CO3 preventing solubility and polymerization.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease presenting with nonconvulsive status epilepticus

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare prion disease characterized by a spongiform encephalopathy in humans. Although the characteristic triad of myoclonus, dementia, and periodic EEG activity is easy to recognize, unusual manifestations of the disease may be challenging and create a diagnostic dilemma. We report a case of CJD that occurred in a 26-year-old patient who presented with a receptive (Wernicke's) aphasia secondary to nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
A Group of Papers on Fluid Inclusion Research Applied to Ore Deposits: An Introduction

The group of six papers and one scientific contribution that follow this brief introduction illustrate the application of fluid inclusion research to ore deposits, a field pioneered by Edwin Woods Roedder (July 30, 1919–August 1, 2006) (Fig. 1⇓), who contributed nearly 400 published works during a career that spanned more than three-quarters of a century. His first paper was published in 1935 (Roedder, 1935), on the topic of black sulfur at Hillborn, New York; his final (posthumous) publication in 2008 was as a coauthor on the thermal history of Yucca Mountain, Nevada (Whelan et al., 2008). Many readers of this journal will know that Ed Roedder was the leader in the field of fluid and melt inclusions (Roedder, 1984b), but some may not realize that he also made significant contributions in other areas, including experimental petrology of the K2O-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2 system (Roedder, 1951), the geologic storage of radioactive waste (Roedder, 1957), and lunar petrology (Roedder and Weiblen, 1970). Ed’s most significant contributions were related to the critical role that fluids and related processes play in ore formation; a large number of his publications were related to mineral deposits and ore genesis, with 25 of these published in Economic Geology between 1962 (Roedder, 1962) and 1989 (Anderson et al., 1989). A compilation and summary of much of Ed’s work up until the early 1980s is included in his well-known publication, Fluid Inclusions (Roedder, 1984b). A complete listing of Ed Roedder’s publications is available at the Edwin Woods Roedder Memorial Virtual Library at the following location: . Some lithium salts exhibit high solubilities in aqueous solutions, leading to high concentrations in continental brines, postmagmatic hydrothermal systems, and rare-element pegmatites, despite lithium being a trace element in …
A lipotrope-dependent increase of histidase and urocanase in the livers of choline-deficient rats and in the Reuber H-35 transplanted hepatoma.

The administration of choline to choline-deficient rats led to significant increases in the hepatic levels of histidase (l-histidine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.3) and urocanase (4-imidazolone-5-propionate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.49). In contrast high dietary levels of methionine and choline had no significant effect on the levels of histidase and urocanase in the livers of chow-fed rats. Similarly, high dietary levels of methionine, choline and vitamin B12, either alone or in combination, did not alter the levels of histidase and urocanase in the livers of rats bearing the Reuber H-35 transplantated hepatoma. However, a chow diet containing elevated levels of methionine, choline and vitamin B12 led to marked increases in the activities of both histidase and urocanase in the H-35 hepatoma. These results indicate that the altered control of histidase and urocanase seen in hepatomas may result from the abnormal metabolism of methyl donors generally seen in tumors.
Association of Aldosterone Synthase Polymorphism (CYP11B2 -344T>C) and Genetic Ancestry with Atrial Fibrillation and Serum Aldosterone in African Americans with Heart Failure

© 2013 Bress et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Blending pragmatic liberal education with an international business programme: the Rollins College experience

This paper describes the development of an innovative undergraduate business programme. The programme is distinctive in the emphasis on international business, international experience, international internships and assessment of student learning.
An investigation of short fatigue crack growth in Ti–6Al–4V with colony microstructures

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the growth of two-dimensional, short fatigue cracks, in Ti–6Al–4V with well-controlled colony microstructures. The underlying crack/microstructure interactions associated with anomalous short fatigue crack growth behavior are elucidated for three colony microstructures with controlled α lath dimensions and β volume fractions. The fatigue fracture modes in the short crack regime are shown to be similar to those in the long crack growth near-threshold regime in the same microstructural conditions. However, unlike long cracks in the near-threshold regime, no evidence of closure contact-induced debris is observed on the fracture surfaces of the short fatigue cracks.
Review: Therapeutic potential of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibitors

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the major physiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis and regulates cell migration and fibrosis. Preclinical studies using genetically altered mice and biological or small molecule inhibitors have elucidated a role for PAI-1 in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, vascular remodeling, renal injury, and initiation of diabetes. Inhibition of PAI-1 is a potential therapeutic strategy in these diseases.
On some recent claims in phonological theory

In 1962, on the occasion of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, an article by Morris Halle (1962) appeared in the special issue of Word, and Noam Chomsky (1964) appeared before a plenary session of the Congress to defend some remarks which had previously been distributed in the Preprints.1 These two papers were perhaps intended as a sort of one-two punch to knock old-fashioned linguistics out of the ring; at any rate, on matters of phonology, their claims and assertions, if all wholly true, would tend to make all phonological work impossible on any known lines (curiously, they fail to reveal their own methods).
Wavelenght specific photon detector for the VUV

Abstract The high photon fluxes necessary for modulation experiments place troublesome requirements on detectors. The necessity of retaining good linearity at high effective count rates eliminates channeltrons. Use of a photomultiplier plus sodium salicylate is inattractive, both because of poor efficiency and because the combination cannot discriminate against long wavelength stray light or higher orders without additional losses due to filters. To solve these problems we have assembled a versatile detector based on an EMI venetian blind photomultiplier dynode chain in which the first dynode acts as the photochathode. The standard BeCu dynode has good efficiency in the 20–30 eV range, but it has a strong spectral dependence at higher energies. It was desirable therefore to be able to readily interchange the first dynode (cathode) with others coated with air stable materials, or to evaporate on the cathode in-situ. Total yield data for potential photocathodes is relatively scare in the 25–250 eV range. We have surveyed a number of materials looking for cathodes with good sensitivity, without sharp structure, and with sufficient wavelength selectivity to also act as filters. Suggestions will be given. A byproduct of this survey was materials which are sufficiently wavelenght intensive (e.g. air exposed Ge) to be better candidates for beam intensity monitors than the W or Au diodes commonly used.
A Multiphysics Micromechanics Model of Smart Materials Using the Variational Asymptotic Method

The primary objective of the present paper is to develop a micromechanics model for the prediction of the effective properties and the distribution of local fields of smart materials which are responsive to fully coupled electric, magnetic, thermal and mechanical fields. This work is based on the framework of the variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH), a recently developed micromechanics modeling scheme. For practicle use of this theory, we implement this new model using the finite element method into the computer program VAMUCH. For validation, several examples will be presented in the full paper to compare with existing models and demonstrate the application and advantages of the new model.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
An alternate derivation of the maximum likelihood estimator of a covariance matrix

An alternate derivation of the maximum likelihood estimator of a covariance matrix is given. The derivation is based upon the eigenvalue properties of the product of the inverse of the covariance matrix and the sample covariance matrix.
Familiarity and relatedness of word meanings: Ratings for 110 homographs

Although prior research has provided descriptive statistics for homographic words, most studies have concentrated only on dominance or frequency of meanings. The present study extended such research by examining homograph meanings, particularly subordinate meanings, in finer detail. Common English words (N=110) were rated for meaning familiarity and relatedness among meanings. In a meaning collection task, subjects listed all possible meanings for each word. The number of meanings provided for words varied widely. In a familiarity rating task, other subjects rated each meaning on its familiarity. It was expected (and found) that familiarity ratings would be more sensitive than meaning collection to knowledge of subordinate meanings. In a comparison task, subjects made relatedness judgments for all meaning pairs within each word. The results provide a database of complex relationships among word meanings that can be used to investigate the effects of relatedness and other semantic variables.
The vortex wakes of vibrating cylinders at low Reynolds numbers

The effect of the transverse motion of a cylinder on its natural vortex wake is examined at various driving frequencies giving special attention to the change in wake geometry along the span. Conditions are established for which the vortex wake frequency is controlled by the driving frequency of the cylinder.
Oocyte donors as gynecologic teaching associates

Abstract Objective: To fulfill the need for gynecologic teaching associates for an expanded pelvic examination module for third-year medical students, we sought women who were able to provide feedback to medical students. Oocyte donors were hypothesized as a useful potential pool of gynecologic teaching associates. Methods: Gynecologic teaching associates were recruited from a pool of women who were involved in our oocyte donor program. Students were evaluated on a scale of 1 (best) to 5 (worst) on their performance on the pelvic examination by themselves (n = 91), by the gynecologic teaching associate (n = 10), and by the supervising faculty (n = 6). Students were shown their evaluations, and these were reviewed at the end of the session to provide students with immediate feedback. Results: Students consistently ranked their skills lower than either the gynecologic teaching associate or supervising faculty member for all four categories evaluated (communication skills, technical skills, professional demeanor, and overall performance) (P Conclusion: Oocyte donors represent a useful pool of potential gynecologic teaching associates. They provide important feedback to students. Their evaluation of the proficiency of the student correlates well with that of the supervising faculty member.
Including Students with Down Syndrome in Adventure Programming

(2008). Including Students with Down Syndrome in Adventure Programming. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 30-35.
Analytical and numerical studies on microscale heat sinks for electronic applications

Thermal models for cooling microscale electronic processor chips through forced and natural convection heat sinks are presented in this paper. This research is an extension of an earlier study where extensive analyses were done to develop necessary heat transfer equations for the heat sink of a Pentium III chip. Once the prediction of these model equations closely matched the performance of Pentium III heat sink, we applied them to a processor chip of micrometer scale. This led to the design of a miniaturized heat sink based upon a scaling procedure. In this heat sink, airflow was found to be in micron-size channels. Therefore, calculation of the Knudsen number was necessary to verify that the continuum theory still held for our designed microchannels. Analysis showed that heat dissipated from the heat sink, based upon forced convection over the fins, was 204 mW. We also considered radiation heat transfer from the sink, which gave a smaller value of 0.8 mW based upon an emissivity of 0.07. All analyses to this point were based upon analytical relations. Next we refined our analysis using the computational fluid dynamics code Fluent to obtain improved results. This yielded refined velocities, heat transfer coefficients and a total heat dissipation of 268 mW from microsize fins.
Design and global optimization of high-efficiency solar thermal systems with tungsten cermets

Solar thermal, thermoelectric, and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems have high maximum theoretical efficiencies; experimental systems fall short because of losses by selective solar absorbers and TPV selective emitters. To improve these critical components, we study a class of materials known as cermets. While our approach is completely general, the most promising cermet candidate combines nanoparticles of silica and tungsten. We find that 4-layer silica-tungsten cermet selective solar absorbers can achieve thermal transfer efficiencies of 84.3% at 400 K, and 75.59% at 1000 K, exceeding comparable literature values. Three layer silica-tungsten cermets can also be used as selective emitters for InGaAsSb-based thermophotovoltaic systems, with projected overall system energy conversion efficiencies of 10.66% at 1000 K using realistic design parameters. The marginal benefit of adding more than 4 cermet layers is small (less than 0.26%, relative).