cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Sex Differences in Poststroke Functional Outcome

Background and Purpose—Our objective was to identify factors that contribute to or modify the sex difference in poststroke functional outcome. Methods—Ischemic strokes (n=439) were identified from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) Project (2008–2011). Data were ascertained from interviews (baseline and 90 days post stroke) and medical records. Functional outcome was measured as an average of 22 activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental ADL items (range, 1–4; higher scores worse function). Tobit regression was used to estimate sex differences and to identify confounding and modifying factors. Results—Fifty-one percent were women. Median age was 71 (interquartile range, 59–80) years in women and 64 (interquartile range, 56–77) years in men. Median ADL/instrumental ADL score at 90 days was 2.7 (interquartile range, 1.8–3.6) in women and 2.0 (interquartile range, 1.3–3.1) in men (P<0.01); this difference remained after age-adjustment (P<0.001). Factors contributing to higher ADL/inst...
TEMPORAL AGGREGATION IN THE ARIMA PROCESS

Abstract. The effect of temporal aggregation on ARIMA models is investigated. The paper discusses the change of model form resulting from aggregation. For the IMA model it is noted that reduction of model order may occur, due to aggregation, which takes an arbitrarily high order IMA (d, q) process to an IMA (d, 0) process for the aggregates. For the AR process, we derive the exact order for the aggregate model and show that aggregation of an AR (p) series does not necessarily produce an ARMA (p, q) aggregate series as has been suggested in the literature. In particular, the AR order of AR (p) and ARIMA (p, d, q) can be reduced upon aggregation. The paper gives the general conditions under which this reduction of order may occur.
A class of asset pricing models governed by subordinate processes that signal economic shocks

Abstract We consider a mean-reverting risk-neutral short rate process model with a vector of subordinated drift processes that accounts for the random effect of the arrival of new information. It is assumed that the market is efficient with no arbitrage opportunities. Closed form expressions for the price in nominal and in real terms of a discount bond are obtained. We define a risk-neutral exchange rate model with correlated subordinated drift and volatility processes that reflect the effect of the arrival of new information pertaining to the countries involved. The cases of complete and incomplete exchange markets with no arbitrage opportunities are considered.
‘babangidaization’ after Babangida: The Nigerian military and the politics of incumbency

Nigeria is one of the few countries in the Commonwealth still under military rule. Despite frequent promises of a return to civilian democracy, Nigeria has been under military rule for all but ten years since independence in 1960. The role of the military, as well as the political ambitions of its officers, has grown and combined with vested economic and social interests to maintain the status quo. This article examines the way in which the military has consolidated its position as an economic and political force. Nigeria has developed a militocracy, which, although it has some external trappings of ‘democracy’, is largely designed to promote the interests of a political class and its external allies, whose fortunes are enhanced by indefinite military rule. This article uses the 1985–93 tenure of General Babangida as an example of the way that military rulers and their officers attempt to keep power within the military instead of returning the country to democratic rule.
Optimal measurement system design for chemical processes

A procedure for the optimal determination of measured variables in chemical processes is presented. This procedure is based on quantifying the trade-off between the process information that can be obtained and the total cost of the sensors making up the measurement system. The resulting trade-off is specified as a Pareto optimization problem. The optimal measurement systems that should be considered for installation are determined from the set of solutions to this Pareto optimization problem. The approach is demonstrated using a CSTR process example.
A molecular level picture of the stabilization of A-DNA in mixed ethanol–water solutions

Advances in computer power, methodology, and empirical force fields now allow routine “stable” nanosecond-length molecular dynamics simulations of DNA in water. The accurate representation of environmental influences on structure remains a major, unresolved issue. In contrast to simulations of A-DNA in water (where an A-DNA to B-DNA transition is observed) and in pure ethanol (where disruption of the structure is observed), A-DNA in ≈85% ethanol solution remains in a canonical A-DNA geometry as expected. The stabilization of A-DNA by ethanol is likely due to disruption of the spine of hydration in the minor groove and the presence of ion-mediated interhelical bonds and extensive hydration across the major groove.
Asymptotic Behavior of a Set-Statistic

The existence theorem of Minkowski for a polytope with given facet normals and areas is adapted to a data-analytic context. More precisely, we show that a centered, random point sample arising from an absolutely continuous distribution in Rd can be uniquely mapped into such a polytope almost surely. With increasing sample size, the sequence of (scaled) polytopes converges almost surely to a limiting convex body that is associated with the underlying distribution. An accompanying central limit theorem is proved using methods from the theory of empirical processes.
On evaluating web search with very few relevant documents

Many common web searches by their nature have a very small number of relevant documents. Homepage and "namedpage" searching are known-item searches where there is only a single relevant document. Topic distillation is a special kind of topical relevance search where the user wishes to find a few key web sites rather than every relevant web page. Because these types of searches are so common, web search evaluations have come to focus on tasks where there are very few relevant documents. Evaluations with few relevant documents pose special challenges for current metrics. In particular, the TREC 2003 topic distillation evaluation is unable to distinguish most submitted runs from each other.
A MULTIVARIATE TIME SERIES CLASSIFICATION METHOD FOR STREAMING DATA USING TEMPORAL METAFEATURE ABSTRACTIONS

In this paper we demonstrate a new approach to the classification of multivariate time series streaming data by utilizing a temporal metafeature abstractions method. The technique extracts global features and metafeatures in order to capture the necessary time-lapse information in the streams of data. The features are then used to create a static, intermediate stream representation that includes all the important time-varying information, and is suitable for analysis using the standard supervised data mining techniques. The capability of the new algorithm called MineTool-TS2 was demonstrated through its application to three datasets: UCSD Microgrid energy usage data, a space physics dataset and synthetic data.
A Technique and the Effectiveness of Various Acrylic Colors for Subcutaneous Marking of Fish

Abstract A suitable technique for marking large numbers of small fish is subcutaneous injection of acrylic polymer emulsions. Nine of 15 colors used in mark-recapture studies were discernible for 4 mo or longer.
Enhancing the performance of LPP sources for EUV and BEUV lithography

Photon sources for extreme ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) are still facing challenges in required performance for high volume manufacture. Currently EUVL community has focused the research and developments on the dual-pulse laser produced plasma (LPP) devices with mass-limited targets. Such complex systems require extensive optimization to enhance the conversion efficiency (CE) and components lifetime and such optimization requires significant experimental and costly efforts. We continued to enhance our state-of-the art HEIGHTS package to analyze and optimize LPP sources and to make projections and realistic predictions of near future powerful devices. HEIGHTS package includes full 3-D detail description of all integrated physical processes involved in LPP devices. The models continued to be upgraded and well benchmarked in each interaction physics phase of plasma evolution for EUV and BEUV production. We simulated LPP sources using small droplets as the targets and evaluated the requirements for optimization of these sources in dependence on laser wavelength. We also simulated the targets as distributed fragments resulting from the intense pre-pulse laser energy deposition. Additionally, we simulated vapor/plasma mixture created by pre-pulse laser with comparatively low intensity. We studied mass dependence, laser parameters efficiency, optimization of EUV (13.5 nm) and BEUV (6.7 nm) radiation output, and atomic and ionic debris generation to predict potential damage to the optical collection system from energetic debris and the requirements for mitigating systems to reduce debris fluence. Our modeling and simulation included all phases of laser target evolution: from laser/droplet interaction, energy deposition, target vaporization and fragmentation, ionization, plasma hydrodynamic expansion, thermal and radiation energy redistribution, and EUV/BEUV photons collection as well as detail mapping of photons source location and size. Modeling results were benchmarked against recent experimental studies for the in-band photons production and for debris and ions generation for both EUV and BEUV systems.
Atrial fibrillation as manifestation and consequence of underlying cardiomyopathies: From common conditions to genetic diseases

While atrial fibrillation is common comorbidity in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure, diagnosis and management often focuses on tackling rate and rhythm control rather than elucidating pathogenic mechanisms related to underlying myocardial substrates. This review summarizes our current understanding of the natural history of cardiomyopathies presenting with atrial fibrillation, and the importance of managing underlying cardiomyopathic condition as diagnostic and treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation.
Calcium-isotope fractionation between solution and solids with six, seven or eight oxygens bound to Ca(II)

The aqueous-mineral Δ44/40Casolid–solution fractionation factors were measured for equilibrating solutions and a set of inorganic solids that trap solvated calcium in six, seven and eight coordination as an intact solvated ion in the lattice. The measured values were then compared to Δ44/40Casolid–solution values predicted from electronic-structure calculations and vibrational frequencies of molecular models of the solvated ions and their solid hydrates. Experimentally, the Δ44/40Casolid–solution values differed by ∼2‰ for crystals of six- and seven-hydrated calcium, and by about ∼2‰ between crystals having seven- and eight-hydrated calcium. In comparison, the calculations predict Δ44/40Casolid–solution values between the sixfold- and eightfold-coordinated aquo ions of 5.4‰. Calculations predict 2.6‰ fractionation between the sixfold- and sevenfold-coordinated aquo ions. Stirred and unstirred experiments gave similar results in most, but not all cases. In general, measured isotopic fractionations compare well with the predictions from quantum mechanics and vibrational analysis. Isotopic fractionation is directly correlated with coordination number. We consider this to be a well-poised test of predictions.
A prosodic explanation of the 3rd tone sandhi in Mandarin

Abstract From the hitherto existing proposals in the literature, no satisfactory explanation has been provided regarding the different sandhi behaviors in such tonal pair as xiaojie ‘young lady’jiejie ‘elder sister’ in Mandarin. This paper attempts to demonstrate through acoustical evidence that accent blocks sandhi, and provide a prosodic explanation to the Mandarin 3rd tone sandhi. The acoustical evidence of the minimal pairs (A) xiaoxiao ‘small’ vs. (B) xiaoxiao (a little boy's nickname) shows that in (A) sandhi occurs, while in (B) no sandhi takes place. This is because the degrees of accent in the first xiao of (A) and (B) differ: the first xiao is more accented in (B) than in (A). Accent and sandhi are incompatible: accent bleeds sandhi. The rules by which accent blocks sandhi are as follows: when the 3rd tone is the right-head of an accent constituent, it does not undergo sandhi; when the 3rd tone is the left-head of an accent constituent or is not at all the head, it undergoes sandhi. However, whe...
C4I2WS system of systems integration for the future army

In this paper, we will examine recent initiatives at the U.S. Army's Communication and Electronics Command Research and Engineering Directorate (CERDEC) to develop and establish and System of Systems Integration capability, together with the infrastructure and simulation facilities required to conduct collaborative distributed prototyping and evaluation. This new capability will permit the CERDEC's various Directorates in conjunction with other stakeholders in the RDA process to accomplish its mission of developing and integrating C4I2WS Systems for the XXI Century Army.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Influence of gaseous nitric acid on sulfate production and acidity in rain

Abstract A physico-chemical subcloud rain model is used to simulate the effect of gaseous HNO 3 and NO x on pH and SO 2− 4 production in a 10mmh −1 , 1000-m fall distance rain event The ambient gases considered in the chemistry were SO 2 , NO, NO 2 , HNO 3 , O 3 , and CO 2 . Raindrops initially at a pH of 5.5 absorbed these gases, and as they fell through a polluted zone, produced SO 2− 4 and NO − 3 by the oxidation of dissolved SO 2 by O 3 and the dissociation of HNO 3 , which reduced the pH. For the chemical mechanism and the below-cloud washout rain events considered, it was observed that: absorption of gaseous HNO 3 controlled the acidification in the initial stages of a rain event, and inhibited the production of SO 2− 4 ; NO and NO 2 played no direct role in the acidification or formation of NO − 3 or SO 2− 4 ; pre-acidified raindrops (pH of 4) were further acidified only by absorbing HNO 3 .
The application of x-ray powder diffraction for the analysis of synthetic organic pigments. Part 2: artists’ paints

Over 50 commercial paints were examined by x-ray powder diffraction in order to try and identify the synthetic organic pigments present. The binders included acrylic, oil, gum, and alkyd. Some pigments could be identified, though analysis is often complicated by the presence of large amounts of fillers and extenders in the paints relative to the small quantities of the pigment. A few of the paints did not have reflections due to fillers or extenders but the pigments could still not be identified. The best success in identifying the pigments was with acrylic binders, where the pigments could be identified in more than half of the samples examined, and with alkyds, where the pigment could frequently be identified. However, other binders, especially oil and gum, contain so many fillers that the pigment reflections are obscured. X-ray powder diffraction, therefore, is of limited utility in the identification of synthetic organic pigments in paints.
The Career Strategies of Black Men

This paper tests the hypothesis that the widely noted earnings advantage of first-generation northern blacks over native northern blacks results from differences in career strategies of men in these groups. Based on data from a nationally representative sample of black men, a canonical correlation analysis indicates that better educated and single black men are more commonly found in occupations which have relatively high status but pay low wages or salaries. Northern natives display a stronger tendency to convert human capital resources into status instead of earnings, and they are more frequently single and college-educated. Because of these differences in labor market processes and personal attributes, native northerners are more often found in jobs with relatively high status but low salaries or wages. Data from a representative sample of black men residing in Milwaukee indicate that these differences in labor market processes probably result from the differing career strategies of migrant and northern-born black men. Different histories of race relations and patterns of development of a modem industrial economy in the North and South produced high rates of migration by blacks from the South to the North during the twentieth century. This migration has been an important way in which American blacks have improved their relative socioeconomic position (Banton; Myrdal; van den Berghe). Such migration resulted from both push factors (e.g., few job opportunities and seasonal employment in the rural South) and pull factors (e.g., the lure of better paying jobs in northern industry, especially during war) (Eldridge and Thomas; Ch. 14; U.S. Bureau of the Census). Migration is one mechanism removing such ascriptive restrictions on achievement as place of origin by enabling a man to take advan
Post-release survival and riverine movements of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Acipenseriformes) following induced spawning

Summary Post-release survival and upstream movement of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in the Suwannee River, Florida, were examined following induced spawning using carp pituitary extract (CPE). Six mature females (one CPE-treated and five control) and 12 mature males (five CPE-treated and seven control) were implanted with ultrasonic tags in March 2001 during their ingress into the Suwannee River. All CPE-treated sturgeon and 10 of the 12 control fish were relocated using ultrasonic telemetry during 4 months following their release, resulting in 100% survival of treated fish and 83% known survival of control fish. Two control fish (one female and one male) could not be relocated after 2 weeks post-release. CPE treatment did not result in mortality but did affect upstream movement behavior, with CPE-treated males moving upstream at a significantly slower rate than control males and females. Similarly, the maximum observed distance that the fish moved upstream differed among control fish (males and females) and treated males, with control fish moving further upstream than CPE-treated males. The rate of upstream movement for the single CPE-treated female was similar to the control females and the maximum upstream distance that this female was located was near a putative spawning area. In general, the environmental parameters of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity differed over the course of the study but did not differ between treatments and sexes. Treating sturgeon with CPE to induce spawning therefore did not cause mortality but did appear to slow the rate of upstream movement and maximum distance moved in male Gulf sturgeon.
Sex Differences in Predictions of Confidence in Marksmanship Performance

Males (about 3,400) and females (about 960) were asked to estimate confidence and abilities in an upcoming training program and in performing the task for which they were to be trained. Based on pr...
Experimentation with bounded buffer synchronization

Undergraduates are usually introduced to synchronization in operating systems through a discussion of classical problems such as reader-writer or producers-consumers. The traditional approach to teaching these topics is not effective in conveying to students how programs with incorrect synchronization actually behave. This paper introduces a simple probabilistic model for synchronization failure and shows how students can empirically study these issues. These activities are supported by a simulator that students can use to explore synchronization in the context of the bounded buffer problem. The simulator is written in Java and can be used either standalone or from a standard browser. Students can save the data and graphs generated by the simulator in a log file in HTML format.
Scenarios, state machines and purpose-driven testing

Testing is a necessary but frequently expensive activity that is needed to ensure software quality. For large, complex systems, testing based on covering all control flow or all data flow paths is intractable. But focusing on tests that are purpose-driven, namely on tests that are derived from system requirements and that test whether requirements goals are met, significantly reduces the size of a "complete" test suite for the system while simultaneously increasing confidence that the system performs as expected.Scenarios and state machines provide a useful framework for modeling and analysis of purpose-driven testing. Scenarios are sequences of events that represent purposeful uses of a system (or of its components, to any desired degree of detail). State machines, in the form of recursive transition diagrams, can model the successive refinement of requirements goals into architectures and implementations, and testing them using purpose-driven scenario-based tests provides early validation of that refinement. Formulating sets of scenarios that capture and represent a complete-enough set of requirements ensures that a test suite covering them explores all important regions of a system's state space. The scenario-based tests will predict with high confidence which system goals have been met, and, certainly, which have not. This position paper sketches elements of our approach to purpose-driven testing using scenarios and state machines.
Is Synovial C-reactive Protein a Useful Marker for Periprosthetic Joint Infection?

Background Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is a general marker of inflammation, and recent studies suggest that measurement of CRP in synovial fluid may be a more accurate method for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).
Anabolic interventions for aging-associated sarcopenia.

A in humans is associated with a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) that contributes to frailty and falls. The age-associated changes in body composition result from lower levels of anabolic hormones, neuromuscular alterations, and a general decline in muscle protein turnover (1–3). The frailty of old age has emerged as an important public health problem because it impairs mobility and quality of life and increases the risk of falls and the use of health care resources (4–6). Therefore, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the use of anabolic interventions for augmenting muscle mass and function in older men.
Rate-dependent electrophysiological effects of OPC-8212: comparison to sotalol

Abstract The rate-dependent effects of OPC-8212 (6 μM), a new positive inotropic drug which lengthens cardiac action potential duration were studied in dog cardiac Purkinje fibers and compared to the effects of sotalol (30 μM), a class III antiarrhythmic using conventional microelectrode technique. Both OPC-8212 and sotalol lengthened action potential duration in a frequency-dependent manner. Both had a greater effect at slower pacing frequencies than at fast. The maximum rising velocity of the action potential upstroke was not affected by either compound at any of the pacing cycle lengths applied (300–2000 ms). The effects of OPC-8212 and sotalol on action potential duration and maximum rising velocity were also compared following abrupt changes in pacing cycle length (i.e. coupling intervals ranging between approximately 250–3000 ms). The effects of both OPC-8212 and sotalol following abrupt changes in pacing cycle length were similar to one another. Neither OPC-8212 nor sotalol altered the time constants for restitution of action potential duration or the kinetics for recovery of the maximum rising velocity of the action potential upstroke. These results indicate that the rate-dependent electrophysiological effects of OPC-8212 closely mimic those of sotalol and suggest that OPC-8212 may be an effective class III antiarrhythmic in addition to being a positive inotropic compound.
The rotational magnetic moment for the J = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 states of OCS

The rotational magnetic moment of carbonyl sulphide has been measured for the five rotational states using molecular beam electric resonance spectroscopy. The average result is |gj| = 0.028827(12) and the centrifugal distortion constant, Dg, less than 3 × 10−7.
Establishment and defence of breeding territories in a pupfish (cyPrinodontidae: Cyprinodon)

Abstract Males of pupfish Cyprinodon sp. established breeding territories on substrates that provided topographic diversity. Territories in optimal breeding habitat were smaller, overlapped less with adjacent territories, and were defended by larger males than those in marginal habitats. In optimal habitats males defended boundaries efficiently by threat displays, and spent most of their time in the centre of the territories, whereas in marginal habitat males engaged more frequently in overt aggression and spent less time near the centre of their territories. When objects suitable for defence were introduced, territories were established rapidly, and their configuration was determined by the topography of the object.
Physiological and growth responses of riparian sedge transplants to groundwater depth

Understanding of the influence of groundwater depth on the physiology and growth of transplanted sedges is needed to improve revegetation efforts in degraded riparian meadows. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed transplants of Carex lanuginosa, Carex nebrascensis, and Carex rostrata to three simulated groundwater depths (4, 19, and 35 cm). Groundwater depth was manipulated over two phases: (1) water depths were held constant for 16 wk and (2) water depths were then increased over the next 6 wk. Leaf gas exchange, water relations, and shoot growth were measured periodically during each phase, and aboveground and belowground biomass were measured at the end of each phase. All species adjusted rooting depth to groundwater depth in response to the constant groundwater treatments, and groundwater depth had no effect on net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of all species initially increased when groundwater levels dropped but decreased rapidly aft...
RICE EXTERNAL PREFERENCE MAPPING FOR ASIAN CONSUMERS LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES

Twenty-one rice samples covering examples of aromatic, long and medium grain, instant, and parboiled products were evaluated by a group of 120 Asian consumers, currently living in the United States and by a professionally trained sensory panel. Results showed that imported Thai Jasmine rice was preferred by this group of Asian consumers over every other rice tested including domestically grown Jasmine rice. The most important acceptance factors for Asian consumers were cooked rice appearance and aroma. Predictive models of rice overall acceptance were evaluated using descriptive sensory evaluation data (i.e. including appearance, flavor and texture attributes). These models allowed the identification of sensory characteristics most important to rice acceptance by this consumer group. This information could be useful to rice breeders to select for specific sensory characteristics expected by Asian consumers.
Yb2Pt2Pb: A new quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet

Abstract We have synthesized single-crystals of Yb 2 Pt 2 Pb , which crystallize in the tetragonal U 2 Pt 2 Sn -type structure. The magnetic susceptibility χ is highly anisotropic. The χ 〈 1 0 0 〉 for B ∥ 〈 1 0 0 〉 is 30 times larger than χ 〈 0 0 1 〉 for B ∥ 〈 0 0 1 〉 at the lowest temperatures. Both 1 / χ ( T ) and M ( B ) of Yb 2 Pt 2 Pb are dominated by the CEF effect. The 1 / χ 〈 1 0 0 〉 above 150 K is well described by the Curie–Weiss law with θ = 34 K and μ eff = 4.19 μ B , indicating well-localized Yb 3 + ions at high temperatures. A broad maximum in χ is found around 3 K, just above antiferromagnetic transition temperature of 2 K. This suggests an important role for fluctuations in this system, due to reduced dimensionality or perhaps geometric frustration.
The RAS Implications of DIMM Connector Failure Rates in Large, Highly Available Server Systems

The juxtaposition of low-cost dual inline memory module (DIMM) connectors in highly reliable servers has created a difficult reliability, availability, and serviceability conundrum: the connector cost must be low enough to allow hundreds of sockets to be used per system, while at the same time, the system-level reliability must be high enough to prevent connector-related memory failures. This paper explores some of the modeling techniques that can be used to guide system-level fault tolerance decisions in view of the propensity of card-edge connectors to experience corrosion-induced failures, and it explains why understanding the probability density function (PDF) of the connector failure rate is crucial in establishing the system RAS strategy for DIMM connectors. The effects of both a "low" and "high" contact failure rate are analyzed at two different PDF's, and the resultant system implications are discussed.
Common mechanisms govern the development of intra- and inter-hemispherical connections in visual cortex

Abstract This paper analyzes the distribution of both local and callosal connections in cat visual cortex V1. Using a computational model it is shown that the pattern of intra-hemispherical connections can be accounted for by assuming that the connection probability between two cells is dependent primarily on two factors — receptive field overlap and orientation selectivity. These factors can also account for many experimental observations of callosal connectivity patterns. These include the extent of the ipsilateral representation of the visual field in the ipsilateral hemisphere and the distribution of callosally projecting and receiving cells along the V1/V2 border. The findings indicate that common mechanisms underly the development of connections within and between the two hemispheres.
Two-dimensional nonsteady viscous flow simulation on the Navier-Stokes computer mininode

The needs of large-scale scientific computation are outpacing the growth in performance of mainframe supercomputers. In particular, problems in fluid mechanics involving complex flow simulations require far more speed and capacity than that provided by current and proposed Class VI supercomputers. To address this concern, the Navier-Stokes Computer (NSC) was developed. The NSC is a parallel-processing machine, comprised of individual Nodes, each comparable in performance to current supercomputers. The global architecture is that of a hypercube, and a 128-Node NSC has been designed. New architectural features, such as a reconfigurable many-function ALU pipeline and a multifunction memory-ALU switch, have provided the capability to efficiently implement a wide range of algorithms. Efficient algorithms typically involve numerically intensive tasks, which often include conditional operations. These operations may be efficiently implemented on the NSC without, in general, sacrificing vector-processing speed. To illustrate the architecture, programming, and several of the capabilities of the NSC, the simulation of two-dimensional, nonsteady viscous flows on a prototype Node, called the miniNode, is presented.
Downscaling a global climate model to simulate climate change over the US and the implication on regional and urban air quality

Abstract. Climate change can exacerbate future regional air pollution events by making conditions more favorable to form high levels of ozone. In this study, we use spectral nudging with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to downscale NASA earth system GISS modelE2 results during the years 2006 to 2010 and 2048 to 2052 over the contiguous United States in order to compare the resulting meteorological fields from the air quality perspective during the four seasons of five-year historic and future climatological periods. GISS results are used as initial and boundary conditions by the WRF regional climate model (RCM) to produce hourly meteorological fields. The downscaling technique and choice of physics parameterizations used are evaluated by comparing them with in situ observations. This study investigates changes of similar regional climate conditions down to a 12 km by 12 km resolution, as well as the effect of evolving climate conditions on the air quality at major US cities. The high-resolution simulations produce somewhat different results than the coarse-resolution simulations in some regions. Also, through the analysis of the meteorological variables that most strongly influence air quality, we find consistent changes in regional climate that would enhance ozone levels in four regions of the US during fall (western US, Texas, northeastern, and southeastern US), one region during summer (Texas), and one region where changes potentially would lead to better air quality during spring (Northeast). Changes in regional climate that would enhance ozone levels are increased temperatures and stagnation along with decreased precipitation and ventilation. We also find that daily peak temperatures tend to increase in most major cities in the US, which would increase the risk of health problems associated with heat stress. Future work will address a more comprehensive assessment of emissions and chemistry involved in the formation and removal of air pollutants.
High Power Density, Arc Ignition Test

This paper reports the development of a new test to rank insulations in regard to their ability to withstand direct contact with electric arcs. One of the main advantages of this test over those previously used or reported is its ability to rank materials which have a very high arc resistance. Another is the consistency of results upon test replication.
Inverse agonist properties of the THBC discriminative stimulus: Asymmetrical generalization with FG 7142

Abstract Male rats were trained to discriminate the stimulus properties of the β-carbolines 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (THBC) (15.0 mg/kg) or FG 7142 (5.0 mg/kg) from vehicle in a two-lever, food-motivated operant task. Consistent with the serotonergic properties of THBC, administration of the 5HT 1B agonists TFMPP and mCPP to THBC-trained rats resulted in THBC-appropriate responding. Norharmane, a β-carboline metabolite of THBC, also mimicked the THBC discriminative stimulus. In contrast, the benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist FG 7142, the anxiogenic/convulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), two physiological stressors and the α 2 adrenergic antagonists yohimbine and idazoxan failed to produce THBC-appropriate responding. In the FG 7142-trained rats, THBC and norharmane dose-dependently mimicked the FG 7142 discriminative stimulus. This generalization was not based upon the serotonergic properties of THBC and norharmane since administration of the serotonin agonist mCPP to FG 7142-trained rats failed to produce FG 7142-appropriate responding. The ability of THBC to substitute for the FG 7142 discriminative stimulus was antagonized by the benzodiazepine receptor mixed agonist/antagonist CGS 9896 and the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist RO 15-1788, indicating that THBC produces an inverse agonist stimulus in FG 7142-trained rats. These results suggest that THBC produces a discriminative stimulus which consists of both serotonergic and inverse agonist components.
Conversion efficiency optimization of free electron laser light

Abstract We have been investigating numerical simulations and analytical solutions of the evolution of the fundamental and harmonics of a laser field in a nonlinear crystal. We present results from analytical solutions and second harmonic generation experiments on the Mark III Infrared Free Electron Laser at Duke University. The approximations that are typically applied to the nonlinear wave equation do not completely model our experimental results.
Pathogenic stability of Alternaria longipes (Ell. & Ev.) Mason subjected to different methods of isolation, storage and inoculum production

The pathogenic stability ofA. longipes was greatest when the composition of the medium promoted maximum sporulation and minimal mycelial proliferation.
Over the Bodies of the T-Girls: The Headscarf Ban as a Secular Effort to Monopolize Islam in Turkey

For almost three decades, Turkish politics has been dealing with the question of the headscarf (turban), which has become a highly controversial and symbolic issue in Turkey. For this reason it is ...
Plant biology 2001.

The quadrennial joint annual meetings of the American Society of Plant Biologists and the Canadian Society of Plant Physiologists took place July 21 to 25 in Providence, Rhode Island. We report here on just a few of our favorite presentations. A complete listing of abstracts can be found at <http://
Obesity-related complications of pregnancy vary by race

Objective: To evaluate racial effects on obstetric complications in obese gravidas.Methods: The obstetric database was reviewed for the period 6/1/94 to 3/31/97. All clinic patients delivering singletons were included. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m2 or more, or a pre-pregnancy weight of 200 pounds or more. Complications studied included hypertension, diabetes, cesarean delivery, and fetal macrosomia.Results: Of 2,424 eligible subjects, 168 were obese (6.9%). Obese patients had higher rates of chronic hypertension and pregestational diabetes, as well as increased rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia, cesarean delivery, and operative vaginal delivery compared to nonobese patients. Of the obese patients, 105 (63%) were Hispanic, 39 (23%) were African American, and 24 (14%) were White; no Asian or Mixed/Other patients were obese. Mean BMIs of the obese subgroups did not differ (P = 0.14), but pre-pregnancy weights were greater in Whites than Hispanics (P < ...
Locating the overdetermination problem

Physicalists motivate their position by posing a problem for the opposition: given the causal completeness of physics and the impact of the mental (or, more broadly, the seemingly nonphysical) on the physical, antiphysicalism implies that causal overdetermination is rampant. This argument is, however, equivocal in its use of physical' As Scott Sturgeon has recently argued, if physical means that which is the object of physical theory, completeness is plausible, but the further claim that the mental has a causal impact on the physical is no longer so evident. In this paper I assess the damage due to the ambiguity of physical' and provide a repair to the overdetermination strategy.
Design of the NSTX heating and cooling system

NSTX requires that its internal plasma facing components (PFCs) reach 350/spl deg/C during "bakeout" conditioning of the vacuum vessel. This paper describes a helium system designed to meet this requirement as well as provide cooling during plasma operations. The NSTX vacuum vessel's PFCs were designed to be heated or cooled by flowing a fluid medium through tubing attached to the PFC's copper backing plates. The heating/cooling system must move enough fluid at a sufficient rate with a high enough heat capacity through these restrictive paths. After the evaluation of several approaches including the use of heat transfer oils and steam, a compressed helium system was determined to be the optimal choice. The helium system utilizes a blower operating inside of a pressure vessel. This arrangement allows the base pressure to be raised to 20 atmospheres. With the system pressure elevated, the helium blower need only provide the motive force for overcoming 28 psi of friction losses and is not encumbered with compressing the gas. At 20 atmospheres the density of the helium is high enough to provide the heat capacity necessary to meet the NSTX requirements of 66 kW for heating and 82 kW for cooling. The paper will detail the unique design problems associated with a high pressure high temperature helium system as well as review the overall design, and modes of operation.
Tests of the Intense Neutron Source (INS) Prototype

A prototype of the INS accelerator system was constructed to produce an intense dc beam of protons at energies up to 200 keV. Using a Pierce geometry accelerating system, a 250-mA dc beam of hydrogen ions was extracted at an energy of 125 keV from an annular duoplasmatron. Of this beam, 100 mA of H+ ions were transported into a l-cm-diam supersonic jet target, with backstreaming gas minimized by differential pumping. Both the jet target and the differential pumping system functioned satisfactorily. No substantial increase in backstreaming of the nitrogen jet gas occurred for a beam power equivalent to 150 kW of tritons onto deuterium.
An unusual case of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia with trisomy 19 presenting with megakaryoblastosis and myelofibrosis

Initial identification of chronic myelogenous leukemia is very important since targeted therapy leads to life-saving remission. Rarely, chronic myelogenous leukemia presents with an unusual picture, making the diagnosis challenging. We describe such a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis in a previously healthy 61-year-old woman. The patient presented with fever, myalgias, and night sweats and was first worked up for an infectious etiology. Because of persistent anemia, a bone marrow biopsy was performed that revealed fibrosis with increased megakaryoblasts. Even though initial cytogenetic studies could not be performed because of "dry tap" aspirate, persistent efforts for cytogenetic studies were made, including a "squeeze preparation" from the core biopsy, which revealed t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) and trisomy 19. The patient was treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, chemotherapy, and subsequently an allogeneic stem cell transplant. She is in persistent remission. This case illustrates a complex presentation of chronic myelogenous leukemia and provides an overview of morphologic cues and the importance of performing cytogenetic studies that led to the diagnosis.
Mismatch repair, molecular switches, and signal transduction

The foundation of molecular switches in biology is grounded in translation elongation and cellular signal transduction. In these systems, guanine nucleotidebound proteins (G proteins) produce the ON and OFF signaling states that act as gates for downstream biochemical processes. Recent studies on the human mismatch repair reaction have suggested a similar molecular switch that relies on adenine nucleotide-bound forms (A proteins) to produce an ON and OFF signaling state. In the field of signal transduction, the concept of a molecular switch is elementary whereas the biochemical processes of DNA repair appear foreign. Similarly, the field of DNA repair recognizes the complex machinery required for DNA manipulation events but regards biochemical signaling processes as essential cellular input but outside the genome juggernaut. The concept of a molecular switch as an integral step in mismatch repair should accelerate communication between these two fields toward a resolved and unified mechanism for biological signaling processes.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine-Needle Aspiration Detection of Extravascular Migratory Metastasis From a Remotely Located Pancreatic Cancer

Background & Aims: Tumor cell migration along the periphery of blood vessels to remote sites has been termed extravascular migratory metastasis, which is distinct from direct gross tumor infiltration of blood vessels and from intravascular dissemination. Our objective was to report the presence of malignant perivascular cuffing of the celiac axis in a patient with an apparently early T stage and resectable pancreatic cancer. Methods: Case report is presented. Results: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination was performed with targeted fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of previously unrecognized perivascular cuffing by computed tomography, which established the presence of celiac axis malignant perivascular cuffing in the setting of a T1 pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: EUS FNA might allow identification and tissue confirmation of otherwise unrecognized extravascular migratory metastasis. This finding suggests the potential for EUS FNA to further improve pancreatic cancer staging and to enhance patient care and outcomes.
The caring approach and social issues in management education

Most of the conversation, in both research and teaching circles, regarding stakeholder theory has been conducted in the language of absolute principles, of outcomes, and of responding to stakeholders to achieve organizational outcomes. More recently, conversations have occurred that have a different perspective on social issues in management topics—a caring perspective. Using the case of Merck & Co., Inc., and river blindness as an example, the authors show why they believe that these conversations have great potential to increase the quality of management education in the 21st century.
Mechanism of interleukin-1β stimulation of human amnion prostaglandin biosynthesis: Mediation via a novel inducible cyclooxygenase

We have evaluated the mechanism by which interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) increases amnion cell PGE2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. IL-1 beta-stimulated amnion cell PGE2 biosynthesis was time-dependent, and significant stimulation occurred within 2 h of incubation. IL-1 beta stimulation occurred in the presence of added arachidonic acid but was abrogated by treatment with cycloheximide and actinomycin D. Amnion cells treated with IL-1 beta recovered rapidly from aspirin pretreatment suggesting an action on fatty acid cyclooxygenase (COX). Increased amounts of COX protein were demonstrated by Western blot analysis within 2 h of IL-1 beta treatment of amnion cells. Northern blot analysis using a probe specific for a novel form of COX (COX-II) showed an increase in mRNA for this COX within 30 min. This finding using a homologous detection system and human cells of fetal origin in primary culture provides strong support for a physiological role for COX-II in man.
Polymer-stabilized optically isotropic liquid crystals for next-generation display and photonics applications

Polymer-stabilized optically isotropic liquid crystals, including blue phases, are emerging as a strong contender for next-generation display technology because they exhibit some revolutionary features such as no need for surface alignment, submillisecond response time, isotropic dark state, and cell gap insensitivity. The basic material properties, including electric field-induced birefringence, dispersion relation of Kerr constant, and temperature dependent Kerr constant, are reviewed. Recent progress on blue phase liquid crystal material development and device structures for lowering the operating voltage are introduced. Promising applications and remaining technical challenges are also discussed.
Concordance between classifications of the Ciconiidae based on behavioral and morphological data

Kahl's data on courtship behavior in the Ciconiidae were recoded and analyzed from a phenetic viewpoint. The results reflect his published classification except for the placement ofCiconia nigra and the generaJabiru andEphippiorhynchus. Similarities based on skeletal morphology are highly congruent with those recalculated from the behavioral data. The classification suggested by both sets of data is similar to that proposed byKahl with the following changes: (1)Jabiru is included withEphippiorhynchus; (2)Ephippiorhynchus is transferred into the Ciconiini.