cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brain Perivascular Macrophages Initiate the Neurovascular Dysfunction of Alzheimer Aβ Peptides.

Rationale:Increasing evidence indicates that alterations of the cerebral microcirculation may play a role in Alzheimer disease, the leading cause of late-life dementia. The amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), ...
Learning Building Extraction in Aerial Scenes with Convolutional Networks

Extracting buildings from aerial scene images is an important task with many applications. However, this task is highly difficult to automate due to extremely large variations of building appearances, and still heavily relies on manual work. To attack this problem, we design a deep convolutional network with a simple structure that integrates activation from multiple layers for pixel-wise prediction, and introduce the signed distance function of building boundaries to represent output, which has an enhanced representation power. To train the network, we leverage abundant building footprint data from geographic information systems (GIS) to generate large amounts of labeled data. The trained model achieves a superior performance on datasets that are significantly larger and more complex than those used in prior work, demonstrating that the proposed method provides a promising and scalable solution for automating this labor-intensive task.
Infant cardiopulmonary bypass: CD73 kinetics, association with clinical outcomes, and influence on serum adenosine production capacity.

Extracellular adenine nucleotides contribute to ischemia–reperfusion injury following infant cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), whereas conversion to adenosine may be protective. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), a key enzyme responsible for this conversion, decreases after infant CPB. Indirect evidence suggests that soluble CD73 may simultaneously increase and partially offset this loss of AP. We sought to measure CD73 levels in infants undergoing CPB and determine its association with adenosine production capacity and postoperative support requirements. A prospective cohort study of infants ≤120 days of age undergoing CPB. CD73 was measured before CPB and during rewarming. Multivariable modeling evaluated the contributions of CD73/AP to adenosine production capacity and postoperative support requirements. Serum samples from 85 subjects were analyzed. The median CD73 concentration increased following CPB (95.2 vs. 179.8 ng/ml; P<0.0001). Rewarming CD73 was independently inversely associated with vasoactive inotropic support (P<0.005) and length of intensive care unit stay (P<0.005). Combined AP activity and CD73 concentration predicted adenosine production capacity (P<0.0001). Serum CD73 increases following infant CPB. Low rewarming CD73 is independently associated with increased postoperative support requirements. CD73 and AP together predict serum adenosine production capacity and may represent potential therapeutic targets to clear extracellular adenine nucleotides and improve outcomes following infant CPB.
Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration in Cancer Patients: Indications and Surgical Technique

Optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) entails cutting a window or making linear fenestrations in the retrobulbar optic nerve sheath, which releases pressure and often allows stabilization or improvement of vision. Indications for ONSF include visual loss due to pseudotumor cerebri, optic nerve sheath hemorrhage, dural sinus thrombosis, subdural hematoma, intradural arteriovenous malformation, arachnoiditis with increased intracranial pressure, and cryptococcal meningitis with papilledema due to AIDS. Indications for ONSF in cancer patients are not well established, but a few case reports have shown success of ONSF in patients with perineural metastasis of breast cancer, increased intracranial pressure with papilledema due to a brain tumor, lymphomatous infiltration of the optic nerve, and optic nerve sheath meningioma. ONSF can be performed with a medial orbitotomy approach with disinsertion of the medial rectus muscle, a superomedial eyelid crease incision without extraocular muscle disinsertion, a lateral orbitotomy approach with bone removal, or a lateral canthotomy incision without bone removal. ONSF is considered relatively safe when performed carefully; serious complications occur in about 1% of patients.
Cooperative system for free parking assignment

This paper presents Distributed Free Parking System (DFPS), a decentralized system for assigning free curbside parking spaces. DFPS optimizes a system-wide social welfare objective: the total travel time to destinations for all drivers. DFPS uses the smart phones of the drivers for parking request assignment, and a centralized dispatcher to receive and distribute parking requests. The parked drivers in DFPS are structured in a K-D tree, which is used to serve new parking requests in a distributed fashion. DFPS solves the scalability problem associated with a centralized parking assignment system by removing the computation from the dispatcher and substantially reducing the communication handled by the dispatcher. At the same time, DFPS achieves similar travel time performance with a centralized system. Compared to a naive algorithm that assumes a breadth-first-search for parking spaces around the destinations, DFPS reduces the travel time for over 97% of the drivers.
Physicians' perceptions of the impact of the EHR on the collection and retrieval of psychosocial information in outpatient diabetes care

Abstract Background Psychosocial information informs clinical decisions by providing crucial context for patients’ barriers to recommended self-care; this is especially important in outpatient diabetes care because outcomes are largely dependent upon self-care behavior. Little is known about provider perceptions of use of psychosocial information. Further, while EHRs have dramatically changed how providers interact with patient health information, the EHRs’ role in collection and retrieval of psychosocial information is not understood. Methods We designed a qualitative study. We used semi-structured interviews to investigate physicians’ (N = 17) perspectives on the impact of EHR for psychosocial information use for outpatient Type II diabetes care decisions. We selected the constant comparative method to analyze the data. Findings Psychosocial information is perceived as dissimilar from other clinical information such as HbA1c and prescribed medications. Its narrative form conveys the patient’s story, which elucidates barriers to following self-care recommendations. The narrative is abstract, and requires interpretation of patterns. Psychosocial information is also circumstantial; hence, the patients’ context determines influence on self-care. Furthermore, EHRs can impair the collection of psychosocial information because the designs of EHR tools make it difficult to document, search for, and retrieve it. Templates do not enable users from collecting the patient’s ‘story’, and using free text fields is time consuming. Providers therefore had low use of, and confidence in, the accuracy of psychosocial information in the EHR. Principal conclusions Workflows and EHR tools should be re-designed to better support psychosocial information collection and retrieval. Tools should enable recording and summarization of the patient’s story, and the rationale for treatment decisions.
You Can’t Go Home Again

In Curtis Sittenfeld’s novel Prep, a young White woman attends “Ault,” a prestigious preparatory school, on scholarship. It is not until she is interviewed by the rather nosy Angie Varizi, herself a former working-class college student, that Lee opens up about her experiences. These include shame over her origins, envy of fellow students’ material possessions and cultural capital, and confusion about her own place on campus.
Babesia microti Infection Changes Host Spleen Architecture and Is Cleared by a Th1 Immune Response

Babesia microti is a malaria-like parasite, which infects ∼2000 people annually, such that babesiosis is now a notifiable disease in the United States. Immunocompetent individuals often remain asymptomatic and are tested only after they feel ill. Susceptible C3H/HeJ mice show several human-like disease manifestations and are ideal to study pathogenesis of Babesia species. In this study, we examined parasitemia of B. microti at different time points and assessed its impact on hemoglobin levels in blood, on spleen pathology and overall immune response in C3H/HeJ mice. Peak parasitemia of 42.5% was immediately followed by diminished hemoglobin level. Parasitemia at 21 days of infection was barely detectable by microscopy presented 5.7 × 108 to 5.9 × 109B. microti DNA copies confirming the sensitivity of our qPCR. We hypothesize that qPCR detects DNA released from recently lysed parasites or from extracellular B. microti in blood, which are not easily detected in blood smears and might result in under-diagnosis of babesiosis in patients. Splenectomized patients have been reported to show increased babesiosis severity and result in high morbidity and mortality. These results emphasize the importance of splenic immunity in resolution of B. microti infection. Splenomegaly in infected mice associated with destruction of marginal zone with lysed erythrocytes and released B. microti life forms in our experiments support this premise. At conclusion of the experiment at 21 days post-infection, significant splenic B and T cells depletion and increase in macrophages levels were observed in B. microti infected mice suggesting a role of macrophage in disease resolution. Infected mice also showed significantly higher plasmatic concentration of CD4 Th1 cells secreted cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-γ while cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 secreted by Th2 cells increase was not always significant. Thus, Th1 cells-mediated immunity appears to be important in clearance of this intracellular pathogen. Significant increase in IL-6 that promotes differentiation of Th17 cells was observed but it resulted in only moderate change in IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22, all secreted by Th17 cells. A similar immune response to Trypanosoma infection has been reported to influence the clearance of this protozoan, and co-infecting pathogen(s).
Addressing Discipline Disparities for Black Male Students: Linking Malleable Root Causes to Feasible and Effective Practices

Longstanding discipline disparities for Black male students are associated with untoward outcomes and necessitate feasible and effective school-based solutions. This study examined the efficacy of ...
Abstract B35: NR2F1 limits early dissemination and phenotypic plasticity of early-progressed ErbB2+ tumor cells by maintaining luminal differentiation

Tumor cells derived from MMTV-Neu primary tumors (tumor-derived cells, TDC) are known to be able to complete all steps of the metastatic cascade. However, new evidence shows that cells derived from early stages of tumor progression (before detection of palpable tumors, ErbB2+ early-progressed tumor cells, EPTC) can disseminate and, as disseminated tumor cells (early DTCs), enter a non-proliferative state for prolonged periods at secondary organs. When EPTC are co-cultured with TDC, the tumor sphere formation capacity of the later is increased suggesting a synergistic contribution of early-progressed tumor cells to the growth of TDC. Thus, early DTCs are proposed to contribute to metastasis, but the mechanisms that would allow these cells, considered sessile and with few genetic alterations, to complete all steps of metastasis are unknown. Here we report that the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F1 is downregulated in human pre-malignant and malignant lesions and mouse ErbB2+ EPTC and TDC when compared with normal mammary tissue. In ErBb2+ EPTC further downregulation of NR2F1 activates a motile phenotype and this is coincident with the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and DTCs in lungs and bone marrow. Knock down of basal NR2F1 levels in ErBb2+ EPTC induced cell motility, loss of laminin-V deposition, β-catenin delocalization from the membrane and dramatic loss of E-cadherin junctions. Interestingly, TWIST, SMAD2, CK14 and ROR1 levels became upregulated upon NR2F1 depletion. This anti-EMT NR2F1-regulated program is ErbB2 oncogen-dependent. These results suggest that NR2F1 expression maintains epithelial identity and suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), possibly by blocking WNT signaling. Knock down of NR2F1 in ErBb2+ EPTC also enhanced mammosphere formation efficiency and this was accompanied by upregulation of the pluripotency transcription factor NANOG and TWIST. These findings suggest that NR2F1 limits the spreading of ErBb2+ EPTC cells and it promotes a luminal differentiation-associated program by limiting the activation of a stem cell-like program. Our findings provide for the first time evidence that NR2F1 functions in mammary epithelial cells as a suppressor of pluripotency and dissemination during early stages of tumor progression. We propose that therapies that might restore expression of NR2F1 might limit early dissemination and the progression to metastasis of already disseminated tumor cells. Citation Format: Maria Soledad Sosa, Julie Cheung, Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso. NR2F1 limits early dissemination and phenotypic plasticity of early-progressed ErbB2+ tumor cells by maintaining luminal differentiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B35.
Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications of the Abel Inversion

In this chapter, we present work which was done to clarify and enhance the technique of spatially resolved spectroscopy. The work accompanied our exploration of the chemistry and spectroscopy of spark discharge. It arose because more tools were needed to follow vapor from the cathodic (sample) electrode as it traveled into and through the interelectrode space in a current-carrying spark. Although our experimental and optical procedures were adequate for this job, we felt that the equivalent mathematical tools warranted further development.
Turbo and LDPC Codes for Digital Video Broadcasting

The Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project was founded in 1993 by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) with the goal of standardizing digital television services. Its initial standard for satellite delivery of digital television, dubbed DVB-S, used a concatenation of an outer (204,188) byte shortened Reed Solomon code and an inner constraint length 7, variable rate (r ranges from 1/2 to 7/8) convolutional code [7]. The same infrastructure used to deliver television via satellite can also be used to deliver Internet and data services to the subscriber. Internet over DVBS is a natural competitor against cable modem and DSL technology, and its universal coverage allows even the most remote areas to be served. Because DVB-S only provides a downlink, an uplink is also needed to enable interactive applications such as web browsing. The uplink and downlink need not be symmetric, since many Internet services require a faster downlink. One alternative for the uplink is to use a telephone modem, but this does not allow for always-on service, has modest data rates, and can be costly in remote areas. A more attractive alternative is for the subscriber equipment to transmit an uplink signal back to the satellite over the same antenna used for receiving the downlink signal. However, given the small antenna aperture and requirement for a low-cost, low-power amplifier, there is very little margin on the uplink and therefore strong FEC coding is desired. For this reason, the DVB Project has adopted turbo codes for the satellite return channel in its DVB-RCS (Return Channel over Satellite) standard [8]. At the same time that the DVB Project was developing turbo coding technology for the return channel, it was updating the downlink with modern coding technology. The latest standard, called DVB-S2, replaces the concatenated Reed-Solomon/convolutional coding approach of DVB-S with a concatenation of an outer BCH code and inner low density parity check (LDPC) code [9]. The result is a 30% increase in capacity over DVB-S. In this chapter, the coding strategies used by both DVB-RCS and DVB-S2 are discussed.
What is Radical Behaviorism

Willard Day (1987) writes that the earliest published use of the term radical behaviorism by Skinner appeared in the “Rejoinders and Second Thoughts” section of his 1945 paper, “The Operational Analysis of Psychological Terms.”
Millennials' national and global identities as drivers of materialism and consumer ethnocentrism.

A major effect of globalization is one that occurs on the self-concept. This is especially the case for young consumers, and particularly for millennials. Despite this cohort’s idiosyncrasies, litt...
“Blob Child” Revisited: Conflations of Monstrosity, Disability, and Race in King of Tars

The fourteenth-century romance King of Tars dehumanizes Saracens as “blac and lothely.” Though its Sultan’s famous racial transformation is remarkable, the child of the Muslim Sultan and Christian Princess is the most distinctive figure of the tale, a child born with “noiþer nose no eye,” “wiþouten blod & bon.” King of Tars is often written about with little to no regard for its disabled child as anything more than signifier for the unnatural state of miscegeny. To medieval race scholars, the “rond of fleshe” is a comical and physically impossible result of racial mixing. The child is often dehumanized as a blob or lump. This chapter argues that medieval race scholars must approach the embodied difference of the King of Tars baby as more than simply personifying miscegeny, considering what it would mean to take seriously a body that has neither blood, nor bone, nor nose, nor eye. This chapter explores previously foreclosed readings of the King of Tars baby as human, highlighting the contradiction apparent when scholars critique monstrosity in racial representation, but confirm it in disability.
Systemic racism in the United States: scaffolding as social construction: by Robbie W.C. Tourse, Johnnie Hamilton-Mason and Nancy J. Wewiorski, Cham, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing, 2018, 153 pp., $52.37 (hb), ISBN 978-3-319-72232-0

Employing the creative metaphor of a “racial scaffolding” that persistently structures, reinforces, and reconstructs white racism directed at people of colour, Robbie W.C. Tourse, Johnnie Hamilton-...
The Obfuscation of the Realities of Women of Color Due to the False Dichotomy Phrasing of “Women and Minorities”

This brief challenges readers to examine the meaning, intention, and consequences of their use of the phrases “Women and Minorities” and “Women and People of Color.” I assert that the use of that l...
Security and Privacy Analysis of Android Family Locator Apps

Families are increasingly using Family Locator (FL) apps for convenience and safety purposes. Such FL apps often collect a lot of sensitive information, such as user location and contacts, to improve their usability and functionality. However, it is not clear if they provide strong protections to the collected sensitive information or not. This paper presents the findings on the first security and privacy analysis of FL apps. We select 41 FL apps from the Google Play store. We first analyze the permissions requested by the FL apps to understand the types of sensitive information they would collect. Then, we analyze the network traffic and local storage of these apps to identify potentially sensitive information leakage. Our analysis demonstrates that significant security and privacy vulnerabilities exist among FL apps. Specifically, 80.4% of the 41 FL apps leak sensitive information or join codes in plaintext. A join code would allow an attacker to join a family's group to perform a wide range of malicious activities. Meanwhile, we found that 15.1% of the 33 apps leak sensitive information from their back-end servers due to authentication and authorization vulnerabilities. We provide suggestions to users and developers of FL apps to improve security and privacy. We responsibly disclosed our findings to the developers of the 33 vulnerable apps. Nine of the developers confirmed our findings and showed interest in addressing them in their next updates. The feedback from our responsible disclosures shows that our analysis makes an impact on the security and privacy of FL apps.
Optical Probing of Nanostructural Alterations of Brain Tissues by Partial Wave Spectroscopy in Chronic Alcoholism

We report the recently partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) with firmer focusing that can probe precise scattering volume in tissues. Applications in distinguishing the nanostructural alteration in brain tissues in chronic alcoholism are reported.
Who are the people? Using fandom research to study populist supporters

This article suggests considering a social facet of populism, focusing on the supporters, to grasp how they use media to engage with the populist message and their understanding of it. The article ...
Tatsachenfeststellung und -bewertung durch den Sachverständigen — Auswirkungen der Zivilprozessrechtsreform in 1. und 2. Instanz

Der Rechtszustand bis zum 31. 12. 2001 war dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass neben der 1. Instanz auch die 2. Instanz, also das Berufungsgericht (BG), Tatsacheninstanz gewesen ist. Das bedeutete, dass abgesehen von Zuruckweisungsmoglichkeiten hinsichtlich neuen Tatsachenvortrags die 2. Instanz an die Tatsachenfeststellungen der 1. Instanz nicht gebunden war. Es konnte und durfte neu Beweis erhoben werden, wenn das BG dies fur geboten gehalten hat. § 525 ZPO a. F. (= alte Fassung) hat dies deutlich zum Ausdruck gebracht, wenn es dort hies, vor dem BG werde der Rechtsstreit in den durch die Antrage bestimmten Grenzen neu verhandelt. Der dem zugrunde liegende Tatsachenstoff war der aus der ersten Instanz und der Tatsachenvortrag aus der 2. Instanz, soweit dem nicht Verspatungsregeln entgegenstanden. Freilich behielten die in 1. Instanz erhobenen Beweise ihren Wert, aber die Beweisaufnahme konnte auch wiederholt werden. Gutachten konnten ohne weiteres erganzt oder ein weiteres Gutachten eingeholt werden, wenn das erste Gutachten ungenugend war. Hieran hat sich nach § 412 ZPO zwar nichts geandert; jedoch muss nach neuem Recht fur das BG entweder eine Rechtsverletzung durch die 1. Instanz (§ 513 Abs. 1, § 546 ZPO) hinzukommen oder es mussen ausreichend konkrete Anhaltspunkte fur Zweifel an der Richtigkeit oder Vollstandigkeit der entscheidungserheblichen Feststellungen vorliegen (§ 529 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 ZPO).
Regional Perspectives and Domestic Imperatives

The Taiwan Strait dilemma is usually posed as a clash between unification and independence. However, few Taiwanese support either of these options. Instead, about 90% of Taiwan residents want to maintain the status quo. Why do so many Taiwanese prefer to delay resolution of the island's status? Can efforts to find a resolution accommodate their substantive demands? A unification model that allowed Taiwan to retain its political autonomy and international personality could win the support of a majority of Taiwanese. If Taiwanese suspect Beijing's goal is to establish political control in Taiwan, peaceful unification is unlikely.
Neural Control of Extracellular Volume in the Human and Nonhuman Primate

The sections in this article are: 1 Atriorenal Reflex 2 Contribution of Central Nervous System 3 Contribution of Spinal Pathways 4 Contribution of Sympathetic Pathways 5 Water Immersion 6 Extracellular Volume Expansion 7 Osmoreception 8 Atrial Natriuretic Factor 9 General Summary
Energy Consumption Reduction of a WSN Node Using 4-bit ADPCM

A 4-bit adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) scheme applied to the sensor data of a Zigbee based wireless sensor network node is shown to decrease the energy consumption of the analog front-end of the node by 58%. Simulation results from an energy model of an 802.15.4 based analog front-end show that the energy consumed by the network node is inversely proportional to the number of bits used to encode the digital data. The quantization error of a 4-bit ADPCM scheme is on average -14 dB for low frequency data and only 3 dB higher than a traditional 8-bit PCM scheme. By modifying the modulation scheme in the software with no modification of the hardware, the lifetime of the node can be increased significantly with minimal modifications.
Free‐Convection Mass Transfer with a Supporting Electrolyte

Free convection and ionic migration effects are reviewed. Electrolytic free convection is treated theoretically for solutions and for solutions without added electrolyte and with additions of or . The effect of ionic migration on limiting currents is investigated. The presence of supporting electrolyte lowers the electric field, as in stagnant or forced convective systems. In addition, the concentration distributions of added electrolytes affect the density distribution, hence, the velocity profile in free convection, and, indirectly, the value of the calculated limiting currents.
PERSECUTED POST-WESTERN CHRISTIANITY AND THE POST-CHRISTIAN WEST

Abstract The startlingly rapid growth of Christianity outside the West (particularly Pentecostal Christianity) has been met with significant religious persecution, and radicalized versions of Islam are implicated. Neither the radical secularism nor the radically liberal Christianity that is so common in the contemporary West (especially in Europe) is likely to inspire realistic and effective responses to the problem of religiously-motivated violence. As it seeks the “hearts and minds” of global neighbors, the West should observe Christianity's positive impact in China, African nations, and elsewhere. This may inspire the West to reconsider its secularist habits and more sensitively and creatively contribute to positive realignments of the religio-political landscape.
The Effectiveness of Teaching Business Ethics Using Moral Philosophy and Personal Ethical Codes

In an age when corporate ethics are coming under increasing public scrutiny, many worry that ethics and ethical behavior cannot be taught. This article reports on the use of moral philosophy in connection with a system of building student personal ethical codes with a business perspective within a senior-level course on business ethics. Preliminary documentation of success consisting of anecdotal testimony as well as statistical analysis of surveys administered at the end of the course and 9 months after the end of the course is presented.
The karyotype of the mouse, with identification of a translocation.

The mnetaphase chromosomes of the house mouse have a well-deserved reputation of being refractory to detailed analysis because of their small size, gradual gradation in length, and effectively terminal centronmeres. Nevertheless, because of the wide use of the mouse in experimental biology and genetics, continued and productive efforts have been made to define the normal chromosome numberl, 2 and to analyze the normial karyotype.3-" Cytological identification of male and female somatic cells has proved possible.6 Numerous analyses of complicated and unstable abnormalities of chromosome number and nmorphology in tissue culture and tumor cells have been carried out (see Hsu7 for review). Aneuploidy for both sex and somatic chromosomes has been described (see Russell8 for review), but there has been only a limited number of reports of consistent and stable abnormalities of structure visible in somatic metaphase chromosomes. Painter9 described a deficiency of one of the autosomes which was associated with waltzing behavior. The T6 translocation, produced by irradiation and genetically identified as involving linkage group III by Carter, Lyon, and Phillips,lt was described by C. E. Ford et al.Tl as consisting of an unequal reciprocal translocation between two of the smallest members of the chromosome set, resulting in one of the two rearranged chromosomes being smaller than any in the normal complenment. Russell and Bangham2m detected an extraordinarily long chromosome in heterozygotes for a reciprocal translocation between linkage groups VIII and the X chromosome. Ohno and Cattanach3 detected a nonreciprocal translocation of a portion of the chromosome-bearing linkage group I to t-he X, again because of the existence of an abnormally long chromosome. None of the above cases were subjected to detailed karyotype analysis. The purpose of this paper is to present a cytological analysis of two more translocations: T190 which is clearly demnonstrable cytologically and T138 which is undetectable; and to offer additional observations on the normal karyotype of the
Synthesis of organic solids with a high spin density as an approach to organic ferromagnets

Abstract A synthetic approach modified from the McConnell-Breslow's model for the preparation of organic ferromagnetism is described. Our study has been to manipulate an array of ground state high spin radicals into an ordered matrix such that they are molecularly separated by a second set of radicals with a different spin state. It was accomplished by utilizing a chemical doping technique at the solid state of organic charge transfer complexes to oxidize donor molecules to dications in triplet state while the structure of the studied complexes is preserved. Specifically, we demonstrate this synthetic approach to prepare high spin density (1.6 spins 1 2 per formula unit) organic solids of doped (HMT)2-TCNQF4 with anomalously small interspin coupling. The resulting system stabilizes the ground high spin state of HMT in a wide range of temperature (5K to room temperature) in a solid matrix.
Solid-State Structures of Base-Free Ytterbocenes and Inclusion Compounds of Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium with Neutral Carboranes and Toluene: The Role of Intermolecular Contacts

The base-free ytterbocenes (Me5C5)2Yb, (Me4C5H)2Yb, and [1,3-(Me3C)2C5H3]2Yb have been prepared from their diethyl ether adducts, synthesized by reaction of YbI2 and the sodium salt of the substituted cyclopentadiene anion in diethyl ether. The structures of the base-free molecules have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The molecule (Me5C5)2Yb has been found to crystallize in two different morphologies; the complex also forms inclusion complexes with toluene, ortho-carborane, meta-carborane, and 1,2-dimethyl-ortho-carborane. The ytterbocene molecule in all of the derivatives examined is bent in the solid state with centroid−metal−centroid angles ranging from 132° to 147°. A detailed examination of the structures and comparison with the reported structures of (Me5C5)2Eu, (Me5C5)2Sm, [1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2Yb, and [1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2Eu reveal that bending is the general structural preference. Close inter- or intramolecular contacts are observed in every case between the ytterbium atom and one or more ca...
High Flux Ion, and Odd Multi-Half Wave Length Resonant Transformer Accelerators in the Space and Time Domains

This paper carried out analytical work for identification of beam instabilities in the high flux ion collective accelerator generated by MHD effects. Density as well as beam velocity deviations are observed with the effect of incremental change in electron temperature. Also for the resonant transformer collective accelerator, dynamic model has been derived indicating the dependence of the accelerating potential with respect to various system parameters, establishing steady state stability limit and optimum tuning ratio at resonance.
Hunting with the Camera: Nature Photography, Manliness, and Modern Memory, 1890–1930

On January 7, 1892, Forest and Stream – the magazine of “true sportsmen” – featured a photograph of wild mule deer taken by Fred Baker, a hunter from Wyoming. A doe and her two fawns rest peacefully in front of a patch of sagebrush, as the midday sun casts a bright light. “Here, by a piece of good fortune which might not come to a man once in a lifetime,” the editor George Bird Grinnell explained, “Mr. Baker discovered the deer, and creeping up to the edge of the ravine focussed his camera on them without disturbing their siesta.” Grinnell emphasized to readers the accuracy and details portrayed in the image – the large mule-like ears of the deer and the black tips of fur that marked their tails. But he also drew a moral message from this scene of tranquility. “The flesh of the mule deer is excellent eating,” Grinnell wrote, “far better in the estimation of some people than that of the Virginia deer; but we think a man would have to be pretty hungry or quite without soul who would be willing to disturb the charming family group which is shown in our illustration. As we grow older we incline more and more to the opinion that a camera is sometimes a more satisfactory implement to hunt with than a gun.”
An inverse-direct method for predicting the vortex-induced vibrations of cylinders in uniform and nonuniform flows

An inverse-direct method for predicting the vortex-induced vibrations of uniform and nonuniform cylinders in uniform and nonuniform flows is developed. In this method, the fluid force acting per unit length on a uniform cylinder in a uniform flow is found by using known experimental results and inverting the equation of motion of the cylinder. This force is a function of the response parameter (structural damping divided by the ratio of displaced fluid mass to structural mass) and the frequency ratio (the ratio of the intrinsic shedding frequency to the structural natural frequency). The dependence of the fluid force on the frequency ratio is shown to explain the modal coupling patterns found for taut cables and beams in uniform flows. For nonuniform flows or nonuniform cylinders, the force is applied locally and varies along the cylinder, depending on the local values of the response parameter and frequency ratio. The predictions of the inverse-direct method for the vortex-induced vibrations of uniform and tapered pivoted cylinders in uniform and linearly sheared flows are compared with experimental data. The general agreement between the predictions and the data is quite good.
On the calculations of transverse current loss in buried wire ground systems

A formula is developed for the impedance between a wire grid buried in a homogeneous ground and an overhead conducting plane. The result can be employed to calculate the power lost due to transverse currents in buried wire ground systems for antennae.
Establishment of Precise Magnetic Fields in the Momentum Analyzing System at SLAC

Precise magnetic fields are necessary to achieve high-quality particle beam-transport in the SLAC beam switchyard. A discussion of the methods of magnetic measurements associated with testing and establishing these fields is presented. These measurements and some of the important results obtained are described. In order to satisfy the criteria placed on the transport systems each magnet was measured and the critical magnets of the transport system were selected for placement in the beam switchyard on the basis of several of their measured characteristics. A description of the selection procedure is presented, and the effects of the individual magnet differences are discussed. Details of measurement techniques and the resulting procedures which are used for setting up the beam switchyard for a particular momentum are given.
Social Support for Women Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery

We explored the role that social support plays in the lives of women who have undergone bariatric surgery. We conducted in-depth interviews with 13 women who had had bariatric surgery (M age = 53.0 years) and analyzed the data using constant comparison processes. We found that individuals in participants’ lives offered support by acting as role models and providing information, offering empathy and expressions of concern and caring, assisting with everyday responsibilities, and serving as companions. In turn, these forms of support guided participants’ behavior, calmed their concerns, enhanced their self-esteem, relieved them of daily responsibilities, and offered them companionship in their bariatric journeys. Consistent with the existing theory, differently situated individuals specialized in offering particular types of support. Although participants appreciated the support received, many indicated a desire for more or “better” support, pointing to a need for resources guiding supporters in how to best...
The Relationship between Academic Support Systems and Intended Persistence in Doctoral Education

This study investigated the relationship of formal academic support systems and stage of doctoral study on persistence, satisfaction, and knowledge of resources, expectations, and customs in doctor...
Solution and Solid‐State Polymerization of 2,3‐Dicyano‐5,7‐dimethyl‐6H‐1,4‐diazepine

Abstract 2,3‐Dicyano‐5,7‐dimethyl‐6H‐1,4‐diazepine (1) is polymerized to a conjugated structure in solution by both alkaline sugar reagents and butoxide in n‐butanol and in the solid state by thermal annealing. From both infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, all polymers have a similar chain repeat structure involving polymerization at one of the two cyano groups in the molecular structure of 1. Electronic spectra, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermal analysis further characterize the polymers. The methyl protons of 1 are acidic, and solution polymerization is likely initiated by a delocalized anion derived from 1. This delocalized anion also provides a rationalization for polymerization at only one of the cyano groups of 1 instead of cyclopolymerization. The solid state polymerization leads to an amorphous product in a heterogeneous process. The crystal structure of 1 does not allow formation of an infinite chain. A tautomeric form of 1 likely initiates the solid state polymerizati...
Association between measures of trochlear morphology and structural features of patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis on MRI: The MOST study

The sulcus angle has been widely used in the literature as a measure of trochlear morphology. Recently, lateral trochlear inclination and trochlear angle have been reported as alternatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between measures of trochlear morphology and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) cartilage damage and bone marrow lesions (BMLs). 907 knees were selected from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, a cohort study of persons aged 50-79 years with or at risk for knee OA. Trochlear morphology was measured using lateral trochlear inclination, trochlear angle, and sulcus angle on axial MRI images; cartilage damage and BMLs were graded on MRI. We determined the association between quartiles of each trochlear morphology level with the presence or absence of cartilage damage and BMLs in the PFJ using logistic regression. The strongest associations were seen with lateral trochlear inclination and lateral PFJ cartilage damage and BMLs, with knees in the lowest quartile (flattened lateral trochlea) having more than two times the odds of lateral cartilage damage and BMLs compared to those in the highest quartile (p<0.0001). Lateral trochlear inclination may be the best method for assessment of trochlear morphology as it was strongly association with structural damage in the PFJ.
LOCALIZATION OF P2Y1 PURINOCEPTOR TRANSCRIPTS IN THE RAT PENIS AND URINARY BLADDER

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the expression and localization of the P2Y1 purinoceptor mRNA in rat penis and urinary bladder using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH).Materials and Methods: RT-PCR: First strand cDNA was prepared from rat penis and urinary bladder dome total RNA and used for PCR with primers designed to amplify fragments of the P2Y1 purinoceptor cDNA sequence. Northern blotting: PCR products were subcloned into the pGEM-5Zf(+) plasmid vector, sequenced and random primer labeled using32 P. Labeled probe was hybridized. ISH: Digoxigenin labeled cRNA probes were synthesized by in vitro transcription.Results: P2Y1 purinoceptor mRNA was detected by RT-PCR analysis in both rat penis and urinary bladder. RNA blotting using a P2Y1 purinoceptor cDNA probe revealed a single transcript of 4.2kb in both tissues. This band was the same size as that expressed by the heart, which contains high levels of P2Y1...
WELL-COVERED GRAPHS: A SURVEY

Abstract A graph G is well-covered (or w-c) if every maximal independent set of points in G is also maximum. Clearly, this is equivalent to the property that the greedy algorithm for constructing a maximal independent set always results in a maximum independent set. Although the problem of independence number is well-known to be NP-complete, it is trivially polynomial for well-covered graphs. The concept of well-coveredness was introduced by the author in [P1] and was first discussed therein with respect to its relationship to a number of other properties involving the independence number. Since then, a number of results about well-covered graphs have been obtained. It is our purpose in this paper to survey these results for the first time. As the reader will see, many of the results we will discuss are quite recent and have not as yet appeared in print.
Changes in endoneurial blood flow, motor nerve conduction velocity and vascular relaxation of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve in ZDF-obese diabetic rats.

Background We have previously reported that in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, reduction in endoneurial blood flow (EBF) and impairment of acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation of arterioles that provide circulation to the sciatic nerve precedes slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). However, in animal models of type 2 diabetes it is unknown whether slowing of MNCV is accompanied by vascular dysfunction. Methods Using ZDF-lean and ZDF-obese diabetic rats we examined whether diabetes-induced slowing in MNCV was associated with a reduction in EBF and impaired vascular relaxation in epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve. We measured MNCV in the sciatic nerve using a non-invasive procedure, and sciatic nerve nutritive blood flow using microelectrode polarography. In vitro videomicroscopy was employed to quantify arteriolar diameter responses to acetylcholine in arterioles overlying the sciatic nerve. Results MNCV and EBF in hyperglycemic (4-week duration) ZDF-obese diabetic rats were significantly decreased by 30% and 63%, respectively, compared to age-matched ZDF-lean rats. Acetylcholine elicited a dose-dependent dilation of epineurial vessels from ZDF-lean and ZDF-obese diabetic rats, although acetylcholine-induced dilation was significantly reduced in ZDF-obese diabetic rats. Determination of markers of oxidative stress provided ambiguous results. Superoxide levels were increased in epineurial vessels from ZDF-obese diabetic rats. Lens glutathione levels were decreased and serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased in ZDF-obese diabetic rats but sciatic nerve conjugated diene and glutathione levels were not significantly different compared to ZDF-lean rats. Conclusions Diabetes causes a reduction in EBF and impairment in vascular relaxation in epineurial vessels in ZDF-obese diabetic rats. This impaired vascular response is associated with neural dysfunction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation in chronic pancreatitis: recommendations from PancreasFest.

Abstract Description Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is a surgical procedure used to treat severe complications of chronic pancreatitis or very high risk of pancreatic cancer while reducing the risk of severe diabetes mellitus. However, clear guidance on indications, contraindications, evaluation, timing, and follow-up are lacking. Methods A working group reviewed the medical, psychological, and surgical options and supporting literature related to TPIAT for a consensus meeting during PancreasFest . Results Five major areas requiring clinical evaluation and management were addressed: These included: 1) indications for TPIAT; 2) contraindications for TPIAT; 3) optimal timing of the procedure; 4) need for a multi-disciplinary team and the roles of the members; 5) life-long management issues following TPIAP including diabetes monitoring and nutrition evaluation. Conclusions TPIAT is an effective method of managing the disabling complications of chronic pancreatitis and risk of pancreatic cancer in very high risk patients. Careful evaluation and long-term management of candidate patients by qualified multidisciplinary teams is required. Multiple recommendations for further research were also identified.
UARS Microwave Limb Sounder observations of denitrification and ozone loss in the 2000 Arctic late winter

The UARS Microwave Limb Sounder obtained measurements of CIO, HNO3, and O-3 inside the Arctic lower stratospheric vortex during two intervals in February and March 2000. The data show evidence of significant chemical processing in February, consistent with the exceptionally cold conditions that prevailed earlier in the winter.
The relationships of communicator style, personality-based learning style, and classroom community among online graduate students

This study examined the relationships among communicator style, personality-based learning style, and sense of classroom community among 72 graduate students enrolled in online doctoral coursework. Findings suggested that communicator style patterns were related to learning styles and to classroom community. Moreover, the results of a canonical correlation suggested that friendly and open communicator styles were significantly related to feelings of being connected and the precise communicator style was related to both feelings of connectedness and to feelings that membership in the online learning community fostered educational goal attainment. No significant relationships were found between learning styles and classroom community.
Myosin II has distinct functions in PNS and CNS myelin sheath formation

The myelin sheath forms by the spiral wrapping of a glial membrane around the axon. The mechanisms responsible for this process are unknown but are likely to involve coordinated changes in the glial cell cytoskeleton. We have found that inhibition of myosin II, a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, has remarkably opposite effects on myelin formation by Schwann cells (SC) and oligodendrocytes (OL). Myosin II is necessary for initial interactions between SC and axons, and its inhibition or down-regulation impairs their ability to segregate axons and elongate along them, preventing the formation of a 1:1 relationship, which is critical for peripheral nervous system myelination. In contrast, OL branching, differentiation, and myelin formation are potentiated by inhibition of myosin II. Thus, by controlling the spatial and localized activation of actin polymerization, myosin II regulates SC polarization and OL branching, and by extension their ability to form myelin. Our data indicate that the mechanisms regulating myelination in the peripheral and central nervous systems are distinct.