cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Streptomycin Biosynthesis and Metabolism ENZYMATIC PHOSPHORYLATION OF DIHYDROSTREPTOBIOSAMINE MOIETIES OF DIHYDROSTREPTOMYCIN-(STREPTIDINO)PHOSPHATE AND DIHYDROSTREPTOMYCIN BY STREPTOMYCES EXTRACTS

Extracts of streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces phosphorylate dihydrostreptomycin-(streptidino)phosphate with adenosine 5'-triphosphate as the phosphoryl donor. The second phosphate is esterified with the dihydrostreptobiosamine moiety. Streptomycin-(streptidino)phosphate was not phosphorylated under similar conditions. Because of its lability, the new enzyme that is responsible for the phosphorylation could not be separated from the previously described streptomycin streptidinokinase, present in streptomycin producers, which phosphorylates the streptidine moieties of both streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin. However, extracts of a strain which lacks streptidinokinase, Streptomyces griseus ATCC 10971, phosphorylated the dihydrostreptobiosamine moieties of both dihydrostreptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin-(streptidino)phosphate; streptomycin was not phosphorylated. The kinase is an idiophase enzyme, not detectable during the early rapid growth phase of these Streptomyces. The observation that streptomycin-(streptidino)phosphate was phosphorylated only after reduction with borohydride to the dihydrostreptomycin derivative suggests that the second phosphate is esterified with the 3-hydroxymethyl group of the dihydrostreptose moiety of dihydrostreptomycin-(streptidino)phosphate. Fresh extracts of streptomycin producers can synthesize the diphosphorylated derivative of dihydrostreptomycin from dihydrostreptomycin via either of the two monophosphorylated dihydrostreptomycin derivatives.
Genetic Engineering: Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are easily measured surrogates for a molecule of interest. Keywords: counterselection; fluorescence; screening; selection
A Chart for Concentrational Calculations in Quality Control

The construction and use of a simple chart for the rapid calculation of the concentration of constituents in quality control specimens is presented. When control specimens are reconstituted with a volume of water other than the volume recommended by the manufacturer, this chart enables one to read directly the new concentrations of all components.
Structural and magnetic properties of Fe/Ni(111).

Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Fe/Ni(111) were studied using the total-energy local-spin-density full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave method. The Fe adatoms are found to be located on the hcp sites on the Ni(111) surface with a 3.8% downward relaxation relative to the average Fe and Ni distances in bulk. The spin magnetic moments of the Ni(111) surface atoms are enhanced to 0.63${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ from the bulk value of 0.58${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$. This moment is further increased to 0.67${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ after the Fe adsorption because of the enhanced exchange interaction. By contrast, the magnetic moment of the Fe overlayer decreases to 2.33${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ from the value of 2.49${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ for the isolated Fe monolayer. Layer-by-layer contact hyperfine-field values are presented that show the differing influence of the valence-electron contributions in affecting the proportionality of the hyperfine field and the magnetic moment.
Modeling games from the 20th century

A scientific framework is described in which scientists are cast as problem-solvers, and problems as solved when data are mapped to models. This endeavor is limited by finite attentional capacity which keeps depth of understanding complementary to breadth of vision; and which distinguishes the process of science from its products, scientists from scholars. All four aspects of explanation described by Aristotle trigger, function, substrate, and model are required for comprehension. Various modeling languages are described, ranging from set theory to calculus of variations, along with exemplary applications in behavior analysis.
Distraction Osteogenesis Following Low-Dose Hyperfractionated Irradiation in the Rat Mandible

Purpose The investigators hypothesized that low-dose hyperfractionated radiation would impair mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) in a murine mandibular model. Materials and Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent fractionated radiation (30 Gy) of the left mandible. After a 2-week recovery period, an external frame distractor was applied and gradual distraction of the mandible was performed. Tissue was harvested after a 28-day consolidation period. Gross, radiologic, and histologic evaluations were undertaken. Control animals underwent surgery for an identical time frame without preoperative radiation. Results Animals subjected to preoperative radiation (n = 10) showed suboptimal bone formation, including bone atrophy, incomplete bridging of the distraction gap, and gross bony defects or nonunion, compared with controls (n = 10). Although physical lengthening was achieved, irradiation consistently led to a detrimental effect on the normal process of DO. Conclusion This set of experiments establishes a valuable rodent model to evaluate the effects of radiation on DO and may help to formulate strategies to optimize DO before it is widely applied in oncologic reconstruction.
Physician Recognition of Hypochondriacal Patients

To examine primary care physician recognition of hypochondriacal patients, we identified a series of such patients in a general medicine clinic using the Whiteley Index. Clinic physicians made blind global ratings of severity of physical disease and unreasonable fear of illness (hypochondriasis) and completed a checklist of somatizing characteristics. Patient records were audited for diagnoses, laboratory tests, consultations, and medications prescribed. Twenty-nine (14%) of 210 patients scored above an established cutoff on the Whiteley Index. These hypochondriacal patients were rated by clinic physicians as more hypochondriacal and were more often given psychiatric diagnoses. Also, clinic physicians identified more somatizing features among hypochondriacal patients including their own reaction to them. This recognition of hypochondriacal characteristics may have contributed to better management but may need to be raised to the diagnostic level for maximum benefit.
Expression of HSP70 mRNA in the embryonic chicken lens: association with differentiation.

Abstract The heat shock protein, HSP70 is constitutively expressed in the embryonic chicken lens. The present study investigates the localization of HSP70 mRNA in the lens as a function of developmental age to determine whether the state of proliferation or differentiation of the cells is correlated with expression of this gene. Using reverse transcription and quantitative PCR for HSP70 mRNA in RNA samples derived from microdissected regions of the lens, we have found that the concentration of HSP70 mRNA is highest in the annular pad cells at 6 days of development, and in the annular pad and fiber cells at 14 and 19 days of development, suggesting that expression is associated with fiber cell formation. This association was confirmed by studies of HSP70 transcription and HSP70 mRNA levels in cultured explants of 6 day embryonic chicken lens epithelia differentiating in culture. Nuclear run-on transcription experiments indicated that transcription of HSP70 is elevated after 5 and 24 hr of differentiation in vitro. Other genes whose transcription was monitored, c-myc and δ-crystallin, showed distinct patterns of transcriptional regulation, indicating that the changes in HSP70 transcription are specific. RNA extracted from cultured explants at these same times showed increased levels of a 3·4 kb mRNA which hybridized at high stringency to a chicken HSP70 cDNA probe. These results demonstrate that HSP70 mRNA in the embryonic chicken lens is associated primarily with cells in the early stages of fiber formation, and that increased transcription of this gene is part of the differentiation process.
A high order accurate numerical solution algorithm for turbulent boundary layer flow

A fourth-order accurate numerical solution algorithm is derived using finite element interpolation theory for the non-linear parabolic equations governing turbulent boundary layer flow including a two-equation turbulence closure model. The results of carefully controlled numerical experiments firmly quantize for the first time performance differences between finite element and finite difference solution methodology for this type of equation. The developed algorithm takes advantage of the apparent semi-analytical formulational procedure, in establishment of a single, retarded-evaluation Jacobian matrix iterative solution algorithm. Numerical results document performance of solution economy features in terms of computer requirements and solution accuracy. The developed algorithm should find wide application in aerodynamics analysis.
CT-angiographic correlation in Sturge-Weber syndrome

Sturge-Weber syndrome in its classic form can be easily diagnosed by CT. However, in the absence of the typical gyral calcification, the diagnosis can be missed on CT. Identification of the intracranial angiomatosis and the associated thrombosis, and thus the diagnosis, require angiography. Computed tomographic and angiographic findings in a case of Sturge-Weber syndrome with unusual clinical features is described.
Reaction of tryptophan, tryptamines, and some related indoles with fluorescamine: unique fluorescence in strong acid.

Abstract Tryptophan, peptides containing N -terminal tryptophan, tryptamine, and certain related compounds react with fluorescamine to form derivatives with uniquely high fluorescence in strong acid.
A Web-Based Usage Counter for Serial Collections

Usage statistics of current unbound periodicals has been a topic of study for years in public and academic libraries. This article discusses various historical methods and offers an alternative using a simple Web-based method developed at Kent State University. The program is easy to use and keeps detailed statistics for serial librarians or circulation managers. The program is offered as an Open Source download.
Power radiated from ITER by impurities

Abstract The MIST code has been used to model impurity radiation from the edge and core plasmas in ITER. A broad range of parameters have been varied, including Zeff, impurity species, impurity transport coefficients, and plasma temperature and density profiles. For a set of these parameters representative of the baseline ITER ignition scenario, it is seen that impurity radiation can make a major reduction in divertor power load without compromising core energy confinement. Scalings of impurity radiation with atomic number and machine size are also discussed.
Ultrastructure of the epistellar body of the octopus.

The epistellar body of Octopus appears to be a vestigial photoreceptive organ. Electron-microscope examination reveals that the wall of the epistellar organ is composed of four layers: 1. a layer of neuron-like cells subjacent to the capsule, which send processes into the lumen of the organ; 2. the capsule, which includes flat pigment-laden cells; 3. a layer of neuron-like cells, which also send processes into the lumen; and 4. a layer of smaller epithelioid cells bordering on the lumen, apparently supportive to the neuronal processes. The neurite-like processes are covered with tubular projections, similar to those found on the processes of the retinula cells of the cephalopod retina. When several epistellar processes are in contact they may become organized in a manner roughly equivalent to the rhabdome of the octopus eye. The lumen-directed processes and the perikarya of the epistellar neuron-like cells also contain lamellated membrane systems similar to the “myeloid” bodies found in squid retinula cell bodies by Zonana. The general structure of the epistellar body suggests a non-functional photoreceptive organ. No ultrastructural evidence could be adduced to support a neurosecretory (or secretory) status for this structure.
Multidisciplinary Team Training and the Art of Communication

Crew resource management has been effectively used for more than 20 years to reduce error and improve communication in the aviation industry. The healthcare industry began to investigate aviation crew resource management after an Institute of Medicine report recommended that medicine adopt aviation's approach to safety and error management. Effective teamwork training uses several key techniques and methods that can be used to actively engage all members of the healthcare team. This article describes these methods including briefings, checklists, and communication techniques that can foster an environment of mutual respect, particularly as they apply to “hand-offs” in care.
Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy for prostatic cancer

Abstract Hypophysectomy thus appears to be slightly more effective than adrenalectomy in advanced cancer of the prostate, especially in terms of short-term objective response. Like adrenalectomy, it has proved much more beneficial in breast cancer. Neither adrenalectomy nor hypophysectomy are currently advocated as primary procedures in previously untreated prostatic cancer patients but reserved rather for selected patients who have relapsed after or proved refratory to conventional endocrine therapy, and in whom the disease is actively progressing.
The effect of shape anisotropy on TRM direction

Summary A more exact treatment than has previously been given of the effect of magnetic shape anisotropy on TRM direction is presented. This takes into account the variation with temperature of the spontaneous magnetization, weak-field susceptibility and distribution of blocking temperatures. Detailed numerical computations for three examples of basalts with very different magnetic properties show that the effects of shape anisotropy can be estimated very accurately from a simple equation derived for a limiting case if one uses in place of the real TRM susceptibility an equivalent TRM susceptibility 0.68–0.85 times as large. Application of these equations suggests that shape anisotropy has a very small average effect in subaerial basalts, but may in some cases substantially shallow the direction of TRM in submarine basalts. In particular, about 10 degrees of the inclination anomaly observed in DSDP leg 37 basalts could be caused by shape anisotropy. These results assume the absence of significantly large and systematic internal fields due to short-range magnetic interactions. Further work is needed to determine how much the TRM direction in strongly magnetic rocks actually deviates from that of the external field.
Structure of a premicellar complex of alkyl sulfates with the interfacial binding surfaces of four subunits of phospholipase A2.

Abstract The properties of three discrete premicellar complexes (E 1 # , E 2 # , E 3 # ) of pig pancreatic group-IB secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA 2 ) with monodisperse alkyl sulfates have been characterized [Berg, O. G. et al., Biochemistry 43, 7999–8013, 2004]. Here we have solved the 2.7 A crystal structure of group-IB sPLA 2 complexed with 12 molecules of octyl sulfate (C 8 S) in a form consistent with a tetrameric oligomeric that exists during the E 1 # phase of premicellar complexes. The alkyl tails of the C 8 S molecules are centered in the middle of the tetrameric cluster of sPLA 2 subunits. Three of the four sPLA 2 subunits also contain a C 8 S molecule in the active site pocket. The sulfate oxygen of a C 8 S ligand is complexed to the active site calcium in three of the four protein active sites. The interactions of the alkyl sulfate head group with Arg-6 and Lys-10, as well as the backbone amide of Met-20, are analogous to those observed in the previously solved sPLA 2 crystal structures with bound phosphate and sulfate anions. The cluster of three anions found in the present structure is postulated to be the site for nucleating the binding of anionic amphiphiles to the interfacial surface of the protein, and therefore this binding interaction has implications for interfacial activation of the enzyme.
White Clover Yield and Persistence As Influenced by Cypermethrin, Benomyl, and Root-Knot Nematode

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) stands commonly decline within 2 to 3 yr after establishment, due to insects, fungi, nematodes, viruses, and other factors. This study determined the effect of application of insecticide and fungicide, and infectation of southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, alone and in combinations, on white clover persistence, yield, and crude protein (CP) concentration
Immigrant-Responsive Multicultural Education in the United States

In this article, it is proposed that systematic attention to certain characteristics of newcomer immigrant students' identity construction could enhance the premises of the field of multicultural education in the United States, with immigrant-responsive insights. Elements from the scholarship in the sociology of migration, which attend to critical elements of immigrant identity development, are borrowed for this purpose. These are the constitutive role of relocation, the multifaceted character of identities that transcends the home–host cultural divide, and the future-orientation of immigrants' identity. The ways in which these areas inform 3 key dimensions of multicultural education are discussed. It is proposed that systematic, continual, and dynamic attention to the needs of newcomer students is essential for their academic and social integration and success.
Biogenic amines and the psychopharmacology of aggression

Neurobiological research has implicated a wide variety of neurochemical agents in the modulation of aggressive behaviour patterns. The biogenic amines serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine have been the focus of much of this research. Recent advances in neuroscience have facilitated understanding of biogenic amine neurotransmission in the regulation of aggressive agonistic behaviour patterns in animal and primate models, as well as human populations suffering from neuropsychiatric illness. This article reviews recent developments in the field, drawing on both the primary and recent patent literature. A rationale for considering pharmacological intervention when aggression occurs as a symptom of neuropsychiatric illness is discussed based on new developments in biogenic amine receptor physiology.
Effects of Supraspinatus Tear and Repair on Glenohumeral Joint Biomechanics

Rotator cuff tears are common injuries seen by orthopaedic surgeons. Management may vary depending on patient factors, size and location of tear, and severity of symptoms. Treatment for symptomatic rotator cuff tear often includes subacromial decompression, debridement, and/or repair. The objective of this study was to determine the change in glenohumeral joint (GHJ) forces after repair of pathologic supraspinatus tears.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Dichotomy between the nodal and antinodal excitations in high-temperature superconductors

Angle-resolved photoemission data on optimally- and under-doped high temperature superconductors reveal a dichotomy between the nodal and antinodal electronic excitations. In this paper we propose an explanation of this unusual phenomenon by employing the coupling between the quasiparticle and the commensurate/incommensurate magnetic excitations.
CSF α-synuclein improves diagnostic and prognostic performance of CSF tau and Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body diseases (LBD), e.g., Parkinson’s disease (PD) dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are common causes of geriatric cognitive impairments. In addition, AD and LBD are often found in the same patients at autopsy; therefore, biomarkers that can detect the presence of both pathologies in living subjects are needed. In this investigation, we report the assessment of α-synuclein (α-syn) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its association with CSF total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), and amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42) in subjects of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; n = 389), with longitudinal clinical assessments. A strong correlation was noted between α-syn and t-tau in controls, as well as in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the correlation is not specific to subjects in the ADNI cohort, as it was also seen in PD patients and controls enrolled in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI; n = 102). A bimodal distribution of CSF α-syn levels was observed in the ADNI cohort, with high levels of α-syn in the subjects with abnormally increased t-tau values. Although a correlation was also noted between α-syn and p-tau181, there was a mismatch (α-syn–p-tau181-Mis), i.e., higher p-tau181 levels accompanied by lower α-syn levels in a subset of ADNI patients. We hypothesize that this α-syn–p-tau181-Mis is a CSF signature of concomitant LBD pathology in AD patients. Hence, we suggest that inclusion of measures of CSF α-syn and calculation of α-syn–p-tau181-Mis improves the diagnostic sensitivity/specificity of classic CSF AD biomarkers and better predicts longitudinal cognitive changes.
A laboratory experiment to teach some concepts on sensor-based robot assembly systems

A laboratory experiment is described that can be performed by electrical engineering graduate students and senior undergraduates. The experiment involves the assembly of a diesel-engine oil pump with an IBM RS-1 robot. The robot is instrumented with a force-sensing gripper and an optical binary sensor to detect parts in the gripper. A GE Optomation binary vision system is also used to monitor the manipulator workspace through a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera mounted on the robot arm. The students are required to program the manipulator and to process the information from the various sensors, which are used to recognize assembly components and to verify assembly operations in real-time. This assembly experiment is designed to familiarize electrical engineering students with the problems which dominate robot-based assembly systems and to demonstrate a number of practical sensor-based motion strategies which can overcome part and robot positional uncertainty found in typical manufacturing environments. These sensor-based motion strategies improve the reliability of a robot assembly system. The sensor-based assembly experiment, the laboratory setup, and the sensor-based motion strategies are discussed in detail. >
Signal transduction in insulin action

Article de synthese traitant de la transmission du signal dans l'action de l'insuline (I). Caracterisation biologique d'un second messager potentiel de l'I. Regulation de l'hydrolyse, des glycosyl phosphatidyinositol (PI). Stimulation de la liberation de proteines liees au glycosyl-PI. Role du diacylglycerol dans l'action de l'I. Facteur croissance nerf et stimulation de l'hydrolyse des glycosyl-PI. Inositol glycane en tant que messager secondaire de l'I. Role des serine kinases
The Energy Levels of the Nitrogen Molecule

IN a paper before the American Physical Society (Phys. Rev., 23, 294, Feb. 1924) and in a letter to NATURE (Nov. 1, 1924, vol. 114, p. 642), I gave a set of electronic energy levels for the neutral nitrogen molecule, based on an analysis of its band spectra. These levels were designated X, A, B, C, and D, where X denotes the stable state of the molecule. The interval X to A was suggested as 65,000v (= 8.0 volts), the band system corresponding to this transition being as yet unknown. Dr. Sponer (Zeitsch. f. Phys., 34, 622, 1925), by measuring the excitation potentials of various groups of nitrogen bands, has now obtained results in exact agreement with this diagram. The X to A interval comes out as 7.9 volts.
midD-encoded 'rhizomimosinase' from Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 is a C-N lyase that catabolizes L-mimosine into 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone, pyruvate and ammonia

Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 catabolizes mimosine, which is a toxic non-protein amino acid present in Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena). The objective of this investigation was to study the biochemical and catalytic properties of the enzyme encoded by midD, one of the TAL1145 genes involved in mimosine degradation. The midD-encoded enzyme, MidD, was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and used for biochemical and catalytic studies using mimosine as the substrate. The reaction products in the enzyme assay were analyzed by HPLC and mass spectrometry. MidD has a molecular mass of ~45 kDa and its catalytic activity was found to be optimal at 37 °C and pH 8.5. The major product formed in the reaction had the same retention time as that of synthetic 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (3H4P). It was confirmed to be 3H4P by MS/MS analysis of the HPLC-purified product. The K m, V max and K cat of MidD were 1.27 × 10−4 mol, 4.96 × 10−5 mol s−1 mg−1, and 2,256.05 s−1, respectively. Although MidD has sequence similarities with aminotransferases, it is not an aminotransferase because it does not require a keto acid as the co-substrate in the degradation reaction. It is a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme and the addition of 50 μM hydroxylamine completely inhibited the reaction. However, the supplementation of the reaction with 0.1 μM PLP restored the catalytic activity of MidD in the reaction containing 50 μM hydroxylamine. The catalytic activity of MidD was found to be specific to mimosine, and the presence of its structural analogs including l-tyrosine, l-tryptophan and l-phenylalanine did not show any competitive inhibition. In addition to 3H4P, we also identified pyruvate and ammonia as other degradation products in equimolar quantities of the substrate used. The degradation of mimosine into a ring compound, 3H4P with the release of ammonia indicates that MidD of Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 is a C–N lyase.
SKF 83566 attenuates the effects of ghrelin on performance in the object location memory task

Abstract Increasing research implicates ghrelin, a metabolic signaling peptide, in memory processes including acquisition, consolidation, and retention. The present study investigated the effects of ghrelin on spatial memory acquisition by utilizing the object location memory task paradigm. Given the co-expression of ghrelin and dopamine D 1 receptors within hippocampal neurons, we examined a potential interaction between these two systems on memory performance. When injected into the dorsal third ventricle (D3V) of male Sprague–Dawley rats, proximal to hippocampal tissue, ghrelin (500 pmol) increased the amount of time spent with objects in novel locations. This effect was completely reversed by the D 1 antagonist SKF 83566 (100 μg/kg IP), although when administered alone, the antagonist had no effect on task performance (10–100 μg/kg). We also examined the feeding effects of D3V ghrelin and found that the peptide reliably increased food intake (500 pmol) but that this effect was not blocked by SKF 83566 (100 μg/kg). When given alone, SKF 83566 did not alter food intake (10–100 μg/kg). Our findings indicate that, in addition to an orexigenic effect, ghrelin improves acquisition of spatial location memories. Furthermore, D 1 receptor activation is necessary for ghrelin to improve the encoding of spatial memories but does not impact the increase in food intake elicited by the peptide.
Experimental and predicted pressure and heating distributions for aeroassist flight experiment vehicle

Pressure and laminar heat-transfer rate distributions measured over the forebody of 2.2% scale (3.67-in.diam) models of the Aeroassist Flight Experiment vehicle in air at Mach 10 are presented for a range of angles of attack of from -10 to 10 deg. Two values of freestream Reynolds number based on model diameter in the symmetry plane of the base were tested, 1.63 and 6.48 x 10 s. Predictions from an inviscid flowfield code referred to as HALIS (High ALpha Inviscid Solution) and a Navier-Stokes solver referred to as LAURA (Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm) were in good agreement with pressure measurements. Heat transfer rates predicted with the LAURA code were generally in good agreement with measurements over the cone and skirt sections but tended to underpredict measurements in the stagnation region.
Target and background measurements of highly dynamic targets

Simulation and modeling has become more popular as computing hardware and techniques become increasingly available to support them. These models must be tested against the real world if the results are to be useful. Real-world limitations on instrument performance constrain field test design. The US Army Research Laboratory, Electronic Warfare signature measurements group at White Sands Missile Range, NM has a suite of instrumentation and two tracking systems that can be used for such targets.
Vibrational relaxation of DF at low temperatures

Abstract Temperature dependence of the probability of the deexcitation process DF(ν = 1) + DF(ν = 0) → DF(ν = 0) + DF(ν = 0) has been investigated near and below room temperature based on the model that the vibrational energy is transferred to the hindered rotational (oscillatory) motion as well as the translational motion. The deexcitation probability increases sharply with decreasing temperature; this inverse temperature dependence is attributed to the important contribution of hydrogen-bond attraction.
Chaos in a Model of an Open Quantum System

In a previous essay I argued that quantum chaos cannot be exhibited in models of quantum systems within von Neumann's mathematical framework for quantum mechanics, and that it can be exhibited in models within Dirac's formal framework. In this essay, the negative thesis concerning von Neumann's framework is elaborated further by extending it to the case of Hamiltonian operators having a continuous spectrum. The positive thesis concerning Dirac's formal framework is also elaborated further by constructing a chaotic model of an open quantum system in which an entropy measure is shown to approach its maximum value as time goes to infinity. Having such an entropy measure is a characteristic that is closely connected to chaotic behavior in phase space models of classical systems.
A Priori Bounds and Stability in the Retarded Nonlinear Wave Equation

The object of this work is to give sufficient conditions to ensure that the zero solution of certain generalizations of u,t= (4x)g(u,x(t--h(t)? x))),+ (flu,)),,, O 0, xg(x)>Oifx#O, f’b) > 0, and g’(x) > 0, (2) a, g,f, and h are at least continuous. (3) We impose the boundary conditions u(t,O)=u(t, l)=O (so that u,(t, O)=u,(t, l)=O), (4) although mixed boundary conditions are generally satisfactory. Among other things, it is crucial to have
Effects of DDT and of drug-DDT interactions on electroshock seizures in the rat.

Abstract The effects on central nervous system (CNS) activity of acute administration of DDT, pentobarbital, strychnine, and pentylenetetrazol alone and of DDT combined with each of the other drugs was tested in the rat. CNS activity was determined by measuring the duration of phases of the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and of postseizure depression, defined as the time required to recover the righing reflex (RRR). DDT in oil in doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, po, increased the duration of tonic flexion and decreased the durations of tonic extension, total tonus, and RRR at 6, 12, and 24 hours after administration. The changes in the MES pattern produced by DDT were unexpected because, although the doses used produced behavioral hyperexcitability and tremors, the MES effects were generally similar to those of pentobarbital and opposite to those of strychnine and pentylenetetrazol. When administered to DDT-treated animals, pentobarbital did not prevent the effects of DDT on the MES pattern, whereas strychnine blocked or reduced the increase in duration of flexion and decrease in duration of the extensor phases usually caused by DDT. The combinations of DDT and pentylenetrazol proved to be more toxic than the other combinations. The results provide a firmer basis for predicting drug-DDT interactions.
Quantitation of grey matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid from spin-echo magnetic resonance images using an artificial neural network technique

An operator independent technique has been developed to quantitate the volume of white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) using spin‐echo magnetic resonanceimages. Using skull stripped spin‐echo images, CSF was removed using an automated thresholding technique. The bimodal histogram of the remaining images was used to train a perceptron and a single hidden layer neural network to output the percentage of GM and WM in the image. The output values were compared with those of a semiautomated technique employing a least square fitting technique [graduated nonconvexity algorithm (GNC)] applied to the bimodal histogram. This semiautomated technique allowed for intervention by the radiologist. Fourteen normal volunteers with eight contiguous slices each were analyzed. The individual percentages of WM, GM, and CSF of 40 slices from five subjects not used in the training set as well as the total percentages of GM, WM, and CSF in each individual were predicted using the two artificial network architectures. GM, WM, and CSF percentages were predicted within 7% for individual slices while total percentages of WM, GM, and CSF were computed accurately with an absolute error of less than 5% when compared to the semiautomated technique involving a trained neuroradiologist.
Analysis of the three components of the simian virus 40: Pseudo-, mature, and defective viruses

Abstract Infection of monkey kidney cells with a high input multiplicity of simian virus 40 (SV40) results in the production of a population of virions that can be separated into two bands by CsCl equilibrium density centrifugation. The two bands can be shown to be comprised of three classes of SV40 particles. The pseudovirus is a minor component present mainly in the upper band with the defective virus. The lower band contains primarily mature virus. The demonstration of the existence of these three types of particles produced in a SV40 infection depends on analysis of their encapsidated DNA molecules. The types of DNA molecules are quantitated by a combination of reassociation rates, thermal denaturation, and infectivity.
Higher-order effects from isospin-hindered allowed beta decay of 56Co

The available experimental data on spectrum shape, β-γ directional correlation, β-γ (circular polarization) correlation, and ⨍t-value for isospin-hindered allowed positon decay of 56Co has been utilized to deduce higher-order matrix elements. Finite nuclear size, screening, and finite de Broglie wavelength effects have been taken into account. The values 0.024, 0.018 and 0.0032 have been found for matrix element ratios M(iγ5r)/M(σ), −CvM(α × r)/CAM(σ), and M(σ · r)r)/M(σ) respectively. A new value for MF: 0.00058 ± 0.00013 (quoted in natural units), taking into account higher-order corrections, is obtained.
Numerical prediction of dynamic forces on arbitrarily pitched airfoils

N solutions for an NACA 0012 airfoil undergoing various pitching motions are compared with both previous static and new dynamic experimental data. The unsteady incompressible Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes equations for a rotating coordinate system are used. A bodyfitted grid is mapped into a rectangular coordinate system using a time-independent transformation. The set of transformed partial differential equations is solved with an implicit finite difference method.
A first passage time problem for random walk occupancy

Two recent studies of diffusion and flow properties of polymers in a melt have suggested the problem of finding the average time form Brownian particles to leave a sphere for the first time, given that exited particles can also reenter the sphere. We prove that the asymptotic density (asm→∞) for the time to first emptiness of the sphere for zero-mean Brownian motion is a delta function, characterized by the exit timea(m/lnm)2/D ,a being a constant andD being the dimension. The presence of a field leaves the delta-function form for the density, but changes the time dependence toa lnm, with only the constanta depending on the dimension. Simulations of the process suggest that the value ofm needed for the validity of the asymptotic result is orders of magnitude greater than 1000.
Graphic Novels and Teacher Research in the Knowledge Society

Abstract Graphic novels offer an exciting new medium across the curriculum, but classroom research must be done. Anecdotal evidence is a start, but reform requires thoughtful study. Teachers are in the best place to do this research, as they have ready access, currency, and credibility. Teacher research on graphic novels, indeed all new media, is also needed for teacher professionalism in the Knowledge Society.
Dual-side cooling for a three-dimensional (3D) chip stack : Additional cooling from the laminate (substrate) side

The thermal resistance of a three-dimensional (3D) chip stack has been experimentally clarified by authors [1–6] and an additional cooling solution is strongly required to achieve various structures of 3D chip stacks. Especially, when a high heat dissipating chip is located as a bottom chip, cooling from the bottom side of chips (in other words, from the laminate (substrate) side) is identified to be very effective by authors [7]. For cooling from the bottom side of a laminate, reduction of the thermal resistance of a laminate is important, and the effect of high thermal conductivity insulator (dielectric) is simulated as a function of the thermal via density, and via-hole-fabrication capability in various maker's high thermal conductivity insulator is also discussed. Secondly, placing a graphite sheet in the joint (interconnection) layer between a bottom chip and a laminate is proposed. When a graphite sheet is directly connected to a lid (heat spreader), it is examined how much additional heat density is managed by this cooling structure. As another aspect, in order to effectively conduct the hot spot heat of a bottom chip to large area of a laminate and accommodate various thermal via locations, it is simulated how effectively the hot spot heat of a bottom chip is spread by placing a graphite sheet in the joint layer between a bottom chip and a laminate. For cooling from the bottom side of chips, it is essential to consider the trade-off among thermal, electrical and mechanical performance and it is also discussed.
Application of Coherent-Potential Approximation to Disordered Muffin-Tin Alloys

I report implementation of the coherent-potential approximation for obtaining the electronic density of states and component charge densities in disordered muffin-tin alloys. Illustrative results for ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ are presented. The extent to which the self-consistency in treating disorder influences the electronic spectrum is considered.
WS-attestation: efficient and fine-grained remote attestation on Web services

This paper proposes WS-attestation, attestation architecture on Web services framework. We aim at providing software oriented, dynamic and fine-grained attestation mechanism that leverages TCG technologies to increase trust and confidence in integrity reporting. In addition, the architecture allows efficient binding of attestation with application context, privacy protection, as well as infrastructural support for attestation validation.
Human platelet phospholipid methylation

Abstract Intact platelets actively incorporate 3 H-methionine and successively methylate phosphatidylethanolamine to 3 H-phosphatidyl- N-monomethylethanolamine (PME), 3 H-phosphatidyl-N, N-dimethylethanolamine (PDE) and 3 H-phosphatidylcholine (PC) in platelet membranes. Phospholipid methylation is dependent on time, temperature, pH and methionine concentration. Thrombin, epinephrine and adenine potently inhibit phospholipid methylation and to a lesser degree enhance degradation of 3 H-methylated phospholipids. Unlike 3 H-methylated phospholipids in red cells and synaptosomes, 3 H-PME, 3 H-PDE and 3 H-PC are symmetrically distributed on both sides of platelet membranes. Furthermore, in contrast to leukocytes, methylation derived PC is not distinguishable from CDP-choline derived PC as a substrate for arachidonic acid release since platelets labelled with 3 H-methionine, 3 H-choline and 14 C-arachidonic acid all showed similar degradation of labelled PC when stimulated with thrombin. 3 H-S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is not actively incorporated by intact platelets; however, lysed platelet membrane fragments were able to utilize 3 H-SAM as a methyl donor. Addition of exogenous phospholipids enhanced product formation.
Room-Temperature Creep Testing of Grade 2 CP Titanium Plate Using Notch Tensile Samples

Commercially pure (CP) titanium has a unique behavior in that creep can occur at room temperature, which could be confused with hydrogen embrittlement under static loading conditions. This paper examines the effects of creep, hydrogen embrittlement, and notch sensitivity in Grade 2 CP titanium samples tested at room temperature. Fractographic characterization of the test samples was conducted to evaluate the operating failure modes and any notch effects.
Social Media User Satisfaction—Theory Development and Research Findings

Online social media, such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and LinkedIn continue to influence and penetrate people's lives from multiple dimensions: communal, commercial, political, religious, and so forth. Motivated by developing a good understanding of such social media user behavior and user satisfaction, the current study develops a theoretical model of social media user satisfaction that incorporates constructs such as value to the user, content, critical mass, capability, timeliness, perceived privacy, ease of use, and format of a social media. The current researchers hypothesize eight positive relationships between the theoretical constructs and user satisfaction in the model. Using a sample size of 398 from the users of Facebook, all eight hypotheses proposed in the model were supported by the data. Discussion of research findings, limitations of the current studies, and direction for future studies are also provided.
The fractional correction rule: a new perspective

In this paper we discover and explore a useful property of the fractional correction rule, a variation of the perceptron learning rule, for a single neural unit. We rename this rule the projection learning rule (PrLR), which seems more appropriate because of the technique that we use to prove convergence. We state and prove a more powerful convergence theorem and establish the link with S. Agmon's work (1954) on linear inequalities. The hallmark of this rule is that if the problem is not linearly separable then the proposed rule will always converge to the origin of the weight-space. This points out that appropriate nonlinear methods (e.g., multilayer neural network, nonlinear transformation on input-space etc.) should be used to address this problem. On the other hand, if the patterns are linearly separable, the performance of this rule is equivalent to that of the perceptron rule. A theoretical investigation of this rule leads to interesting observations. We present experimental results with linearly separable as well as linearly non-separable data using the PrLR and compare its performance with that of the perceptron rule.
The Role of Pet Dogs in Casual Conversations of Elderly Adults

Casual conversations were recorded as elderly persons routinely walked their dogs through a familiar mobile home park in the United States. Control observations included walks without dogs by owners and non-owners of dogs. All owners talked to and about their dogs. Transcribed conversations indicated that dogs were a primary focus of conversation. A majority of sentences to dogs were imperatives; the owners were instructing the dogs. Dog owners frequently included dogs' names or nicknames in their sentences when they spoke to the dogs and made reference to the dogs' wishes or needs. Speaking to dogs was also associated with frequent repetition of sentences. Passersby talked to the owners about their dogs whether or not the dogs were present. When dog owners spoke with other people, their conversations often concerned activities that were occurring in the present, whereas conversations of non-owners focused on stories about past events. Dog owners reported taking twice as many daily walks as non-owners. Dog owners also reported significantly less dissatisfaction with their social, physical and emotional states.
Validation of a 3D Velocity Model of the Puget Sound Region Based on Modeling Ground Motion from the 28 February 2001 Nisqually Earthquake

In this study we prepared a 3D velocity model suitable for modeling long-period wave propagation in the Puget Sound region. The model is based on products of the Seismic Hazard Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) and geophysical information from other studies of the region. The adequacy of the velocity model was evaluated based on analyses of goodness of fit between recorded and simulated ground-motion velocity from the M 6.8 Nisqually earthquake. The earthquake was located about 60 km south of Seattle with a hypocentral depth of 59 km. The analyses were performed in the frequency range of 0.02-0.5 Hz, using data from 40 stations. Although our model covers a wide area of the Puget Sound region, its quality is assessed in the Seattle region in which the distribution of stations that recorded the Nisqually earthquake was denser. Our 3D finite-difference ground-motion modeling suggests that the propagation of long-period waves (periods longer than 3 sec) in the Seattle basin is mostly affected by the deep basin structure. The tomographic velocity model of Parsons et al. (2001), combined with the model of depth to the basement of the Seattle basin of Blakely et al. (1999), was essential in preparing and constraining geometrical features of the proposed velocity model. Manuscript received 20 August 2003.
Similarity in the use of person‐centered tactics: Effects on social attraction and persuasiveness in dyadic verbal disagreements

This study examines the effects of tactic similarity on persuasion and social attraction in actual conversations. Tactics used in 42 recorded conversations were coded on a minute‐by‐minute basis for their degree of person‐centeredness. Post‐conversation measures of social attraction, opinion change, perceived persuasiveness, and general competence were taken. Tactical similarity was positively correlated with partner satisfaction and global competence ratings, but not with measures of persuasion. Results are interpreted as supporting recent work using a “rewards of interaction” model (Berscheid, 1985) to explain the role of communication skills in the creation of interpersonal attraction (Burleson & Samter, 1996). Implications for further research on the processes through which person‐centered behavior is linked to different types of conversational outcomes are discussed.
Optically Induced Suppression of Spin Relaxation in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems with Rashba Interaction

A pulsed technique for electrons in 2D systems, in some ways analogous to spin echo in nuclear magnetic resonance, is discussed. We show that a sequence of optical below-band gap pulses can be used to suppress the electron spin relaxation due to the D'yakonov-Perel' spin relaxation mechanism. The spin relaxation time is calculated for several pulse sequences within a Monte Carlo simulation scheme. The maximum of spin relaxation time as a function of magnitude/width of the pulses corresponds to $\pi$-pulse. It is important that even relatively distant pulses efficiently suppress spin relaxation.