cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Whole-plant utilization: The potential of soybean

Abstract Young soybean plants were processed to yield Fraction-1-protein, Fraction-2-protein, insoluble protein, molasses and fiber. Fraction-1-protein possesses balanced amino acids and Fraction-2-protein is rich in lysine and leucine; both exhibit excellent functional properties. The high concentration of protein and carotenoids in the insoluble protein fraction suggests its suitability as poultry feed. The remaining residues are also quality animal feeds on the basis of chemical composition. Therefore, the biomass of young soybean plants offers maximum utilization. Soybean leaf protein could improve the usability of seed protein for nutrition and functionality.
Selling China : Foreign Direct Investment During the Reform Era

In this book, Yasheng Huang makes a provocative claim: the large absorption of foreign direct investment (FDI) by China is a sign of some substantial weaknesses in the Chinese economy. The primary benefits associated with China's FDI inflows are concerned with the privatization functions supplied by foreign firms, venture capital provisions to credit-constrained private entrepreneurs, and promotion of interregional capital mobility. Huang argues that one should ask why domestic firms cannot supply the same functions. China's partial reforms, while successful in increasing the scope of the market, have so far failed to address many allocative inefficiencies in the Chinese economy.
Enhancement of implantable glucose sensor function in vivo using gene transfer-induced neovascularization.

Abstract The in vivo failure of implantable glucose sensors is thought to be largely the result of inflammation and fibrosis-induced vessel regression at sites of sensor implantation. To determine whether increased vessel density at sites of sensor implantation would enhance sensor function, cells genetically engineered to over-express the angiogenic factor (AF) vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) were incorporated into an ex ova chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)-glucose sensor model. The VEGF-producing cells were delivered to sites of glucose sensor implantation on the CAM using a tissue-interactive fibrin bio-hydrogel as a cell support and activation matrix. This VEGF–cell–fibrin system induced significant neovascularization surrounding the implanted sensor, and significantly enhanced the glucose sensor function in vivo. This model system, for the first time, provides the “proof of principle” that increasing vessel density at the sites of implantation can enhance glucose sensor function in vivo, and demonstrates the potential of gene transfer and tissue interactive fibrin bio-hydrogels in the development of successful implants.
BLOOD ESTROGENS IN LATE PREGNANCY: AN EVALUATION OF METHODS WITH IMPROVED RECOVERY.

The accuracy of the Roy and Brown procedure for the estimation of estrone, estradiol-17β and estriol in acid-hydrolyzed pregnancy blood has been improved to a considerable extent by substituting oxalated plasma from fasting donors for whole blood and replacing ether extraction of the hydrolysate by continuous extraction for 24 hr with benzene. Recovery of estrone added to nonpregnancy blood “blanks” has been increased from a mean value of 78 to 89 %, of estradiol from 69 to 90%. and of estriol from 54 to 91%. Greater uniformity with different “blanks” has also been accomplished, as reflected in a reduction of SD values: from ±13 to ±3% for estrone, from ±15 to ±2% for estradiol, and from ±20 to ±3% for estriol. A simple method has also been devised and evaluated for the separate estimation of ether-extractable “free” estrogens, in a 12-ml sample of plasma, prior to acid hydrolysis. This method has been applied to 12 late pregnancy specimens with evidence that circulating estrone and estriol are almost ent...
Anion effects on electrostatic charging of sterically stabilized, water insoluble drug particles.

Abstract Water-insoluble suspensions of itraconazole and budesonide were sterically stabilized using nonionic polymers (poloxamer 188 or polysorbate 80) and probed for polymer–anion interactions by measuring changes in particle zeta potential. Anions comprising a range of functionalities and aqueous solubilities were examined. Results showed that the more hydrophobic anions partitioned to the particle interface, and a simple model for predicting anion adsorption was developed from their calculated properties. Anions with a calculated Klopman water solubility less than 10 μM or a calculated log P > 3.5 were adsorbed to the particle–polymer interface effectively increasing the overall particle charge. Anions of similar hydrophobicities with sulfonate or sulfate functionalities showed a much higher degree of particle charging compared with their carboxylate and phosphonate analogs at pH 9.5. In addition, the electrostatic charging of particles occurred at lower solution concentrations of sulfonate derivatives. These results suggest that the relative basicity of the oxoanion functionality may influence protonation or ion-pairing phenomena of the anions when adsorbed at the particle–polymer interface. Cetyltetramethylammonium bromide (CTAB) produced a positively charged particle consistent with the model developed for anion adsorption. Particle charging of sterically stabilized drug suspensions appeared largely independent of drug and polymer type. Anion hydrophobicity (solubility) and headgroup functionality dictated the observed charging behavior.
Gene therapy directed at the neuroimmune component of chronic pain with particular attention to the role of TNFα

Abstract Identification that neuroimmune activation in the spinal cord is an important factor in the development of chronic pain has opened the possibility that gene transfer of anti-inflammatory peptides may be used to reduce pain neurotransmission. We review the published evidence regarding gene transfer to meninges to express the anti-inflammatory peptide interleukin 10, and gene transfer to dorsal root ganglia using replication incompetent HSV vectors to express interleukin 4, interleukin 10, or the soluble (p55) tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR). The results of these experiments suggest a novel role for “reverse signaling” through the full-length membrane form of TNFα in spinal glia in the modulation of chronic pain.
Dynamical behaviour of a discrete selection-migration model with arbitrary dominance

To study the effects of immigration of genes (possibly transgenic) into a natural population, a one-island selection-migration model with density-dependent regulation is used to track allele frequency and population size. The existence and uniqueness of a polymorphic genetic equilibrium is proved under a general assumption about dominance in fitnesses. Also, conditions are found which guarantee the existence of and determine the location of the global attractor for this model. The rate at which solutions approach the attractor is approximated. A measure of allelic diversity is introduced.
Electromagnetic transitions in 181Ta

Electromagnetic transitions in 181Ta have been studied from the beta decay of 45 d 181Hf. The gamma radiation has been investigated with a 4 mm Ge(Li) detector. Internal conversion lines were examined using a high resolution √2π beta-ray spectrometer. A careful search for transitions reported in the literature to depopulate levels at 699, 958 and 963 keV gave a negative result. From a measurement of the L subshell ratios for the 136.86 keV transition it is concluded that this transition is almost pure M1 with an (1%±4%) admixture of E2. This is in agreement with the expectations from the measured half-life of the 618.9 keV level and supports the 32+ assignment of this level. A 618.9 keV ground state transition has been observed as a weak K conversion line. A measurement of the energy difference between the 482 keV and the 476 keV K conversion lines gave 6.25±0.02 keV in agreement with the measured energy of the suggested first excited state in 181Ta.
Ibp1p, a novel Cdc25-related phosphatase, suppresses Schizosaccharomyces pombe hsk1 (cdc7)

We report the identification of a novel Cdc25-like protein phosphatase, Ibp1, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Ibp1 is closely related to the catalytic subunit of the Cdc25 dual-specificity phosphatases and has phosphatase activity in vitro. Over-production of catalytically active Ibp1 robustly suppresses a mutation in the replication initiation kinase Hsk1p, a member of the Cdc7 family of protein kinases and weakly suppresses mutation of Rad4/Cut5, a DNA polymerase e-associated factor. Ibp1 is not required for viability, suggesting it may be a non-essential regulator of DNA replication or chromosome structure during S phase.
The numerical simulation of subsonic flutter

The present paper describes a numerical simulation of unsteady, subsonic aeroelastic responses. The technique accounts for aerodynamic nonlinearities associated with angles of attack, vortex-dominated flow, static deformations, and unsteady behavior. The fluid and the wing together are treated as a single dynamic system, and the equations of motion for the structure and flowfield are integrated simultaneously and interactively in the time domain. The method employs an iterative scheme based on a predictor-corrector technique. The aerodynamic loads are computed by the general unsteady vortex-lattice method and are determined simultaneously with the motion of the wing. Two models are used to demonstrate the technique: a rigid wing on an elastic support experiencing plunge and pitch about the elastic axis, and a continuous wing rigidly supported at the root chord experiencing spanwise bending and twisting. The time domain solution coupled with the unsteady vortex-lattice method provides the capability of graphically depicting wing and wake motion. Several graphs that illustrate the time domain behavior of the wing and wake are presented.
Newcastle Disease Immunization Studies 3. The Immune Response of Chickens Vaccinated at an Early Age with B1 Newcastle Disease Virus Administered through the Drinking Water under Field Conditions

Abstract THIS study was undertaken to determine the serologic immune response of chickens vaccinated at an early age under field conditions with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine administered through the drinking water. Some of the factors, previously investigated in laboratory trials (Winterfield and Seadale, 1957) were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS B1 strain NDV (Hitchner and Johnson, 1948) used in all trials, originated from stock virus maintained in this laboratory. The vaccine preparation consisted of equal parts of lyophilized, infected, amnioallantoic fluid and skim milk in 3-ml. quantities per vial. Vaccine used in each trial was reconstituted prior to administration and diluted in the final quantity of drinking water to give a desired titer and dosage for that specific trial. A stabilizer composed of dried skim milk was dissolved in the drinking water to give a final concentration of approximately .25 gram per liter. Initially, a premixture of the stabilizer and reconstituted …
Compilation of Data for π ± p Inclusive Reactions at 8 and 18.5 GeV/c. I. Single-Particle Distributions

Production of negative pions in the single-particle inclusive reactions ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{anything}$ at 8 and 18.5 GeV/c and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{anything}$ at 18.5 GeV/c is analyzed in terms of different sets of kinematic variables for various reference frames. Proton fragmentation is studied in terms of (${P}_{l}$, ${{P}_{T}}^{2}$) in the lab system. In the c.m. system, the variables ($x$, ${{P}_{T}}^{2}$) are useful for the study of incident-particle effects and the energy dependence of cross sections. The variables ($y$, ${{P}_{T}}^{2}$) allow a more detailed study of the kinematic region near $x=0$. The variables (${y}_{r}$, ${{P}_{T}}^{2}$) are particularly useful in that the reduced rapidity ${y}_{r}$ has a fixed kinematic boundary independent of $s$ and ${{P}_{T}}^{2}$. Topological cross sections and multiplicity moments are presented.
Packing density effects on the fluctuations of the emission lines in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract In an earlier publication, we reported the results of a nanosecond-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of pellets of Iron and Carbon and have shown that the shot-to-shot variations of the intensities of iron emission lines measured in iron to be much stronger than those measured in carbon. Here, we present a numerical model based on two-dimensional random close packing of disks in a confined geometry that shows that the fluctuation effects observed in C and Fe are essentially due to the packing density of the samples interrogated.
“The profession”: Rhetoric and composition, 1950–1992, a selected annotated bibliography

Over forty years have passed since five hundred participants gathered at the first conference on "College Freshman Courses in Composition and Communication."l Since then our discipline has undergone unprecedented change, often characterized by moments of intense excitement, pride and astonishing growth: the watershed 1963 CCCC; the proliferation of journals, university presses and conferences; the institution of nationally recognized graduate programs in composition; the development of research communities; the addition of new rhetoric and composition positions within departments of English; and the expanding role of writing workshops and writing-across-the-curriculum projects. These years of development have also provided an opportunity and a need to look back on the issues that have defined and continue to shape our discipline. It is with this goal in mind that we have assembled the following annotated bibliography. Our purpose here is to provide a resource guide and overview for those who wish to familiarize themselves with the kinds of practices, research questions, and histories which have constituted our profession in the last forty years. The materials we collected, therefore, explore such fundamental concerns as the professionalization of composition, the formation of a canon, the interrelationship of rhetoric and composition, received histories of the field, and areas which call for further research. The the scope of this collection is necessarily limited-in both chronology and content; its focus is representative rather than definitive, descriptive rather than prescriptive. The works catalogued here were selected from several sources: ERIC searches, separately published bibliographies, conference programs and surveys, journals with annually published bibliographies, data base searches, and journal directories. We have attempted to provide a fair distribution of chronological coverage and, as is the case in more recent years, to choose the most representative works when the number of items in a given category became unwieldy. We have chosen these materials because they fit one or more of the following criteria: (1) They attempt to define our discipline; (2) They trace major shifts in theory and/or practice; (3) They present meaningful overviews of theoretical and pedagogical issues and research questions; (4) They summarize large, significant areas of research; (5) They affirm connections or establish distinctions between rhetoric and composition and other disciplines.
Detection by electron spin resonance of an exchange-coupled Cob(II)alamin...free radical pair species generated by anaerobic photolysis of polycrystalline adenosylcobalamin.

Summary Laser induced photolysis of highly purified polycrystalline adenosylcobalamin has been studied under anaerobic conditions. Electron spin resonance of photolyzed samples of adenosylcobalamin were studied versus a convenient new variable: the degree of hydration of the crystalline state. Photolysis of partially dehydrated samples of adenosylcobalamin leads to a reproducible, new type of electron spin resonance signal which is interpreted as an exchange coupled Co(II)…free radical species. We conclude that this new species may be the Cob(II)alamin…5′-deoxyadenosyl radical pair.
Integrating Suicidology Into Abnormal Psychology Classes: The Revised Facts on Suicide Quiz

Although most abnormal psychology textbooks and instructors give extensive coverage to topics such as depression, they cover suicide less consistently. This article describes a class activity using the Revised Facts on Suicide Quiz (RFOS) that focuses on myths and misinformation students may have about suicide. The activity can take 55 to 75 min or can be modified for shorter or longer coverage. Suggestions for incorporating the RFOS in class discussion and references supporting correct quiz answers are provided.
Quantitive magnetic domain correlation by x-ray resonant magnetic scattering

By using X-ray resonant magnetic scattering, the correlation of magnetic domains taken vertically in a Co/Cr/Co magnetic trilayer can be statistically quantified as a function of applied magnetic field. From these scans and from element specific magnetic hysteresis loops, we can identify the presence of both interlayer anti-ferromagnetic exchange coupling and ferromagnetic dipolar coupling within the trilayer.
Environmental Perception in a Rapidly Growing, Amenity-Rich Region: The Effects of Lakeshore Development on Perceived Water Quality in Vilas County, Wisconsin

ABSTRACT We explore the relationship between perceived and actual water quality in a rapidly growing, high-amenity rural area (Vilas County, WI) and how this relationship is affected by shoreline development. Although the data on the relationship between shore development and aquatic environs are not conclusive, people express high levels of concern about the environmental impacts of this type of growth. We link databases that include water quality and lakeshore development variables with a mail survey of 1000 local property owners. Although the shoreline development levels are unrelated to water quality variables such as turbidity, chlorophyll levels, and color, we find that lakes with higher levels of development are perceived by respondents as having worse water quality than lightly developed lakes. These findings have important implications for high-amenity rural communities that undergoing rapid development.
The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere1

Previous work on the solubility of oxygen in freshwater has been extended to seawater. Measurements of the Henry coefficient in the ranges 0° < t < 45°C and 0< S < 50 fit the Setschenow relationship for the variation with salinity. The temperature dependence of the Setschenow coefficient for oxygen is found to be K = 0.0225034 ‒ 13.6083/T + 2,565.68/T2. The equation for the Henry coefficient as a function of temperature and salinity is used to calculate values for unit standard atmospheric concentrations (USAC) in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with air at a total pressure of 1 atmosphere. It is estimated that the possible error in the new USAC values is no greater than ±0.1% and probably less. Tables and equations are presented for obtaining accurate USAC values in the ranges 0° < t < 40°C and 0 < S < 40. Simple procedures are given for calculating standard atmospheric concentrations at pressures different from 1 atm. The presence of sea salt has a negligible effect on the fractionation of the oxygen isotopes during solution.
SU-E-T-557: Measuring Neutron Activation of Cardiac Devices Irradiated During Proton Therapy Using Indium Foils

Purpose: Measuring Neutron Activation of Cardiac devices Irradiated during Proton Therapy using Indium Foils Methods: The foils had dimensions of 25mm x 25mm x 1mm. After being activated, the foils were placed in a Canberra Industries well chamber utilizing a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The resulting gamma spectrum was acquired and analyzed using Genie 2000 spectroscopy software. One activation foil was placed over the upper, left chest of RANDO where a pacemaker would be. The rest of the foils were placed over the midline of the patient at different distances, providing a spatial distribution over the phantom. Using lasers and BBs to align the patient, 200 MU square fields were delivered to various treatment sites: the brain, the pancreas, and the prostate. Each field was shot at least a day apart, giving more than enough time for activity of the foil to decay (t1=2 = 54.12 min). Results: The net counts (minus background) of the three aforementioned peaks were used for our measurements. These counts were adjusted to account for detector efficiency, relative photon yields from decay, and the natural abundance of 115-In. The average neutron flux for the closed multi-leaf collimator irradiation was measured to be 1.62 x 106 _ 0.18 x 106 cm2 s-1. An order of magnitude estimate of the flux for neutrons up to 1 keV from Diffenderfer et al. gives 3 x 106 cm2 s-1 which does agree on the order of magnitude. Conclusion: Lower energy neutrons have higher interaction cross-sections and are more likely to damage pacemakers. The thermal/slow neutron component may be enough to estimate the overall risk. The true test of the applicability of activation foils is whether or not measurements are capable of predicting cardiac device malfunction. For that, additional studies are needed to provide clinical evidence one way or the other.
Glycogen depletion in rat skeletal muscle fibers at different intensities and durations of excercise

Total muscle glycogen depletion, the glycogen depletion pattern (PAS staining) in the different fiber types of skeletal muscle, and several other measures of carbohydrate metabolism were studied in rats that ran 162.2 m at varying speeds (22.5–80.5 m/min) or swam from 0.5–4 hrs. Muscle glycogen declined as an increasing function of exercise intensity during running whereas during swimming there was a near linear decline in muscle glycogen throughout the 4 hrs of exercise. Blood lactate did not increase until running speed exceeded a load that would required a VO2 of about 60% of aerobic capacity. a peak lactate of 21.15 mM occurred after the rats ran at 67m/min. Liver glycogen declined steadily at a rate of about 0.6 mg×g−1×min−1 during the first 2 hrs of swimming. During this time blood glucose was maintained at or above resting levels. During the final 2 hrs of swimming glycogenolysis in the liver declined to about 0.09 mg×g−1×min−1 and there was then a sharp decrease in blood glucose to a final value of 68.7 mg/100 ml. At low running speeds and during the first hour of swimming the greatest loss in PAS staining occured in fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) and slow-twitch-oxidative (SO) fibers. At running speeds above about 50 m/min a rapid loss of PAS staining was observed in the fast-twitch-glycolytic (FG) fibers. These higher speeds are above those that should elicit VO2 max for the rat. In the late stages of swimming FG fibers also demonstrated a loss of glycogen. These data suggest that at low work intensities there is a primary reliance upon oxidative fibers for contractile activity and that a major use of anaerobic fibers only occurs at high work levels or when the aerobic fibers are depleted of glycogen during prolonged-low intensity work.
Jewish Humor, Self‐Hatred, or Anti‐Semitism: The Sociology of Hanukkah Cards in America

La tradition juive veut que l'on s'envoie des cartes pour l'Hanukkah. L'analyse des cartes humouristiques des Juifs americains montre la specificite de l'humour juif, les relations de plaisanterie, le rapport entre l'anti-semitisme et la haine de soi, l'assimilation culturelle mais aussi parfois la resistance face aux pratiques non-juives
Early life factors among the many influences of child fruit and vegetable consumption

Mensurada em anos de vida ajustados a deficiencia, um decimo da carga de doenca pode ser atribuido a fatores de risco alimentares e ao sedentarismo, superando a contribuicao de consumo de tabaco, hipertensao ou qualquer outro fator de risco de predisposicao.1 Em especial, a baixa ingestao de frutas e verduras esta associada a maior ocorrencia de doencas cardiovasculares2 e determinados tipos de câncer,3 representando, juntos, 6,7 milhoes de obitos anualmente em todo o mundo.1 Muito do que impulsiona o alto volume de morbidez e mortalidade globais atribuido a ingestao inadequada de frutas e verduras e persistencia com a qual padroes de consumo recomendados nao sao seguidos. Em paises ricos e pobres, a maioria dos adultos nao consume as cinco porcoes diarias de frutas e verduras recomendadas pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude. Em todos os 52 paises de rendas baixa e media, quase 80% dos adultos ficam aquem de cinco frutas ou verduras por dia,4 e, da mesma forma, estao os adultos canadenses5 e norte-americanos.6 A maioria dos adultos tambem nao atinge os niveis recomendados de ingestao de frutas e verduras no
Infantile genetic agranulocytosis and acute lymphocytic leukemia in two sibs.

In 1956, Kostmann 1 described a condition of agranulocytosis in a Swedish family. The patients had a severe disease characterized by chronic and recurrent pyogenic infections with onset during the first year of life, associated with severe neutropenia, monocytosis, and eosinophilia. Bone marrow morpfiology demonstrated normal myeloid precursors with the absence of mature neutrophiis. CASE REPORT Patient S.H. (age 11) had had repeated life-threatening pyogenic infections since age 6 months involving her skin, umbilicus, lung, and brain. Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspiration showed persistent neutropenia with maturation arrest of the myeloid precursors in her bone marrow. (The marrow differential count showed no neutrophils or bands: promyelocytes 24%, myelocytes I0%, metamyelocytes 1%, !ymphocytes 2%, plasma cells 8%, eosinophils 28%, and normoblasts 27%.) Her neutrophil counts ranged from 0 to900/m a with no tendency to cycle while eosinophil counts were elevated (440 to 1,665/m3). Her older sister developed acute lymphocytic leukemia when she Was 6 years of age and died two years later.
Uptake of yeast invertase by rat liver cells in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract Yeast invertase injected intravenously in rats is rapidly taken up by the liver, reaching levels in that organ of 20% or more of the injected dose in about 12 h. At early time points, the bulk of the liver invertase appears in the sedimentable homogenates but, with time, there is a progressive increase in the fraction in the soluble phase, which remains at a constant proportion as the total hepatic invertase declines. The uptake of polyvinylpyrrolidone by the liver is much slower, as is its redistribution to the soluble fraction of homogenates. Separation of cell types from livers containing the markers revealed that the invertase was almost exclusively in the nonparenchymal cell population, while polyvinylpyrrolidone was distributed relatively indiscriminately between parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. Measurements of uptake of invertase by liver cell preparations in vitro confirmed that nonparenchymal cells were much more active than parenchymal cells in this regard. Furthermore, the process was saturable with the former cell types and inhibitable by α-methylmannoside. Thus, it may be concluded that the uptake of invertase is via fluid pinocytosis in parenchymal cells and adsorptive pinocytosis in the nonparenchymal cells.
Populism, Decentralization, and Arts Policy in California: The Jerry Brown Years and Afterward

Arts policy in California reflects the division separating the "elite" and "populist" arts. The state arts agency, the California Arts Council, favors the populist or community arts. The council's success in preserving and expanding its populist arts policy in a sometimes hostile political environment has depended ultimately upon its ability to alter its organizational structure in a fashion that minimizes administrative stress and maximizes its political assets. In this regard, the 10-year history of this public organization with its rather unorthodox origins confirms some of the conventional wisdom that has accumulated in the study of public administration and public policy.
S6 Kinase 1 Regulates Estrogen Receptor α in Control of Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation

The 40 S ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) acts downstream of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is sensitive to inhibition by rapamycin. The chromosomal region 17q23 containing the RPS6KB1 gene is frequently amplified in breast cancer cells, leading to S6K1 overexpression. The role of S6K1 in disease development and progression is supported by the observation that S6K1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, the identity of mammary cell-specific S6K1 targets is not well understood. In this study, we report that overexpression of S6K1 endows breast cancer cells with a proliferative advantage in low serum conditions and enhanced sensitivity to rapamycin. We investigate the molecular mechanism behind this observation to show that S6K1 regulates estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) by phosphorylating it on serine 167, leading to transcriptional activation of ERalpha. By contributing to the activation of ERalpha, S6K1 promotes ERalpha-mediated cell proliferation and may be a target of therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.
Generating predictive inferences while viewing a movie

This study investigated conditions that enable viewers to predict future events while viewing a movie. Predictions about future events can be supported by visual, auditory, and discourse information. These information sources serve to emphasize or introduce the individually necessary, and jointly sufficient, conditions that support predictive inference processes. They may also introduce new, anomalous information that can be understood in terms of future story events. In Experiment 1, viewers were instructed to generate predictions while watching the James Bond movie, Moonraker (Broccoli & Gilbert, 1979).The presence of support through visual and discourse modes increased the likelihood that participants would generate a specific prediction. Furthermore, the likelihood of generating a given prediction increased with multiple sources of visual and discourse modes of support. In Experiment 2, participants provided think‐aloud protocols at different locations in the film, but were not instructed to generate ...
Postprostatectomy seizures: A case report

A 75-year-old Caucasian male presented with generalized seizures half-hour post-transurethral resection of the prostate surgery. The intra-operative course was complicated by perforation of the posterior wall of the bladder neck during a difficult Foley catheter placement. This resulted in intraperitoneal extravasation of the glycine containing bladder irrigation fluid. An emergent laparotomy was performed, and 3.5-4 L of fluid was drained from the peritoneal cavity. Postoperative course was complicated by two seizures within a short interval. Patient developed profound hyponatremia (Na of 109 mEq/L). However, measured serum osmolality was normal (283 mOsm/kg). The serum osmolality remained relatively stable, indicating that the absorbed glycine and its metabolites remained osmotically active in the intravascular space (until they were dialyzed as mentioned later), making the hyponatremia less pernicious and an unlikely cause of patient's symptoms. The encephalopathy and seizures were ascribed to accumulation of toxic metabolites of glycine, especially ammonia (serum level -1261 mcmol/L). During a complicated postoperative period, patient developed oligo-anuric renal failure, and was started on slow low-efficiency dialysis for 8 hours resulting in rapid lowering of serum ammonia levels and glycine with reversal of encephalopathy including seizures. There was no recurrence of encephalopathy, seizures, or metabolic acidosis. Although rare, glycine toxicity may be life threatening. The pathophysiology, need for early detection and the role of early use of renal replacement therapy in acute glycine toxicity is discussed below.
Countervailing effects of atrazine on water recreation: How do recreators evaluate them?

[1] This paper examines the countervailing effects of atrazine on water recreational choices. The presence of atrazine in waterbodies potentially reduces the symptoms of eutrophication, which is a condition of low water quality due to nutrient enrichment. Eutrophication frequently undermines recreational enjoyment and diminishes recreational use of affected waterbodies. Thus increased atrazine concentrations could induce greater recreation. However, atrazine also potentially decreases the mass and size of fish populations; this loss potentially reduces recreational use. To examine empirically these countervailing effects on recreational use, this study gathers and generates data on actual recreation under initial water quality conditions and stated recreation under hypothetical quality conditions, which vary eutrophication-related and fish-related quality independently and jointly. This economic study uses a travel cost framework and the associated contingent behavior framework to analyze these data. INDEX TERMS: 1803 Hydrology: Anthropogenic effects; 1845 Hydrology: Limnology; 1871 Hydrology: Surface water quality; 6314 Policy Sciences: Demand estimation; 6344 Policy Sciences: System operation and management;
High-Affinity Interaction between IKKβ and NEMO

The Ser/Thr-specific IκB kinase (IKK), which comprises IKKα or IKKβ and the regulatory protein NEMO, is at the bottleneck for NF-κB activation. IKK activity relies on interaction between NEMO and IKKα or IKKβ. A conserved region in the C-terminal tail of IKKβ or IKKα (NEMO-binding domain, NBD, residues 734–745 of IKKβ) is important for interaction with NEMO. Here we show that the NBD peptide of IKKβ is not sufficient for interaction with NEMO. Instead, a longer region of the IKKβ C-terminal region provides high affinity for NEMO. Quantitative measurements using surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry confirm the differential affinities of these interactions and provide insight into the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of the interactions. Biochemical characterization using multiangle light scattering (MALS) coupled with refractive index shows that the longer IKKβ C-terminal region forms a 2:2 stoichiometirc complex with NEMO.
Liver involvement with Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia.

I read with interest the report by Grullich et al. reporting cholestatic hepatitis in an adult male with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) ([5][1]). I believe there are several problems with this case. The authors base their assumption on the temporal relationship between Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Utilizing Binary Rewriting for Improving End-Host Security

Conventional methods supporting Java binary security mainly rely on the security of the host Java Virtual Machine (JVM). However, malicious Java binaries keep exploiting the vulnerabilities of JVMs, escaping their sandbox restrictions and allowing attacks on end-user systems. Administrators must confront the difficulties and dilemmas brought on by security upgrades. On the other hand, binary rewriting techniques have been advanced to allow users to enforce security policies directly on the mobile code. They have the advantages of supporting a richer set of security policies and a self-constrained written code. However, the high administrative and performance overhead caused by security configuration and code rewriting have prevented rewriters from becoming a practical security tool. In this paper, we address these problems by integrating binary code rewriters with Web caching proxies and build the security system called PB-JARS, a Proxy-based JAva Rewriting System. PB-JARS works as a complimentary system to existing JVM security mechanisms by placing another line of defense between users and their end-user systems. It gives system administrators centralized security control and management for the mobile code and security policies. We evaluated PB-JARS using a real Java binary traffic model derived from analyzing real Web trace records. Our results show that adding binary rewriting to a Web caching system can be very efficient in improving end-host security at a low cost.
Influence of tannic acid application on alfalfa hay: in vitro rumen fermentation, serum metabolites and nitrogen balance in sheep.

Alfalfa protein is poorly utilised by ruminants due to its rapid degradation in rumen. The objective of the study was to assess the influence of spraying tannic acid (TA) on chopped alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and nitrogen (N) retention by sheep. Alfalfa hay with and without TA was fed to sheep to determine nutrient digestibility and N balance. TA was sprayed on chopped alfalfa at three concentrations to determine its effect on in vitro fermentation of dry matter (DM) and N balance in sheep. Final TA concentrations were 0, 30, 60 and 90 g TA per kg DM. The control was sprayed with the same amount of water but without TA. In vitro DM degradation and the production of gas, ammonium-N (NH4-N) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) were measured. TA-sprayed alfalfa and the control were fed to sheep to determine nutrient digestibility and N retention. Addition of TA had no influence on the extent and rate of gas production but significantly decreased NH4-N concentration at 30 (P 0.05) after 48 h of incubation. There was a strong linear relationship between percentage increase in gas production due to PEG and protein precipitation capacity (R2 = 0.94). N digestibility was significantly reduced with all three levels of TA additions. However, the proportion of urine-N to total N output was reduced by adding 60 g (P 0.05). Higher faecal N as the TA level increased indicates incomplete dissociation of tannin-protein complexes post ruminally. Factors affecting dissociation of tannin-protein complexes need further study.
Gene expression profiles in rat intestine identify pathways for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulated calcium absorption and clarify its immunomodulatory properties

Microarray technology has been used to discover 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) induced gene expression changes in rat small intestine in vivo. Here, we report gene expression changes related to intestinal absorption or transport, the immune system and angiogenesis in response to 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3). Vitamin D deficient rats were intrajugularly given vehicle or vehicle containing 730 ng of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)/kg of body weight. Intestinal mRNA was harvested from duodenal mucosa at 15 min, 1, 3, and 6 h post-injection and studied by Affymetrix microarrays. Genes significantly affected by 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR with remarkable agreement. The most strongly affected gene in intestine was CYP24 with 97-fold increase at 6 h post-1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. Intestinal calcium absorption genes: TRPV5, TRPV6, calbindin D(9k), and Ca(2+) dependent ATPase all were up-regulated in response to 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3), supporting the currently accepted mechanism of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) induced transcellular calcium transport. However, a 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) suppression of several intra-/intercellular matrix modeling proteins such as sodium/potassium ATPase, claudin 3, aquaporin 8, cadherin 17, and RhoA suggests a vitamin D regulation of tight junction permeability and paracellular calcium transport. Several other genes related to the immune system and angiogenesis whose expression was changed in response to 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) provided evidence for an immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic role of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3).
6-thio- and seleno-α-D-glucose esters of dimethylarsinous acid

Abstract Syntheses of 1,2,3,4-tetra- O -acetyl-6- S -dimethylarsino-6-thio-α- D -glucopyranose ( 4 ), 6- S -dimethylarsino-6-thio- D -glucopyranose ( 5 ) 1,2,3,4-tetra- O -acetyl-6- Se -benzoyl-6-seleno-α- D -glucopyranose ( 6 ), 6,6′-diselenobis(1,2,3,4-tetra- O -acetyl-α- D -glucopyranose) ( 7 ), and 1,2,3,4-tetra- O -acetyl-6- Se -dimethylarsino-6-seleno-α- D -glucopyranose ( 8 ) are described. The n.m.r.-spectral properties of the compounds are given. The inertness of the α-anomeric species to nucleophilic attack is discussed in terms of the stereochemistry of the respective anomers.
Optical spectroscopy and prevention of deleterious cerebral vascular effects of ethanol by magnesium ions.

Previously, it has been suggested that acute ethanol (alcohol) administration can result in concentration-dependent vasoconstriction and decreased cerebral blood flow. Here, we present in vivo results using rapid (240 nm/min) optical backscatter measurements, with an intact cranial preparation in the rat, indicating that acute infusion of ethanol directly into the rat brain rapidly produces dose-dependent vasoconstriction of the cerebral microcirculation associated with a pronounced reduction in tissue blood content, pronounced rises in deoxyhemoglobin, significantly increased levels of reduced cytochrome oxidase and microvascular damage as the dose increases. Furthermore, we present in vivo experiments demonstrating the capability of magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) to attenuate and prevent these deleterious responses. Optical backscatter spectra (500–800 nm) were obtained by directing a single sending and receiving fiber to a portion of the left parietal cranium (in anesthetized rats), shaved to a translucent appearance to facilitate optical penetration. In the absence of added Mg 2+ , infusion of a 10% solution of ethanol at 0.34 ml/min (f26.8 mg/min) produced prompt vasoconstriction as evidenced by a greater than 90% loss of oxyhemoglobin from the field-of-view and increases in levels of reduced cytochrome oxidase to between 50% and >90%. These effects were partially, to nearly completely, attenuated by the addition of MgCl2 to the infusate containing added ethanol. Of special interest was the observation that attenuation of the vasoconstrictive effect of ethanol by Mg 2+ persisted despite a subsequent ethanol challenge without added Mg 2+ . The results obtained demonstrate that, depending on dose, ethanol can produce prompt and severe vasoconstriction of the intact cerebral microcirculation and that infusion of moderate doses of Mg 2+ can largely attenuate and prevent this response. We conclude that appreciable, graded changes in cerebral cytochrome oxidase aa3, blood volume and the state of hemoglobin occur at minimal tissue levels of ethanol which can be modulated by Mg 2+ . D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
History of Historical Archaeology

On Sunday April 19, 1998 Jean Carl Harrington (known to the profession as J.C. or "Pinky" Harrington) passed away at his home in Richmond, Virginia. At 96 Harrington's life almost spanned the 20th century and did encompass the rise and establishment of professional Historical Archaeology in North America. Many consider Harrington to be the founder or "father" of Americanist Historical Archaeology. In 1936 he took over the newly created NPS-CCC project at Jamestown, Virginia and that event is arguably the inception of Historical Archaeology as an organized, scholarly discipline.
A comparison of speciation, extinction, and complexification in neuroevolution with and without selection pressure

In the study of biological evolution, neutral theories are invoked by some researchers to explain the dynamics of evolving populations regardless of selection pressure. The current study compares the dynamics of speciation, extinction, and complexification in two sets of populations of evolving artificial neural networks. One set of populations evolved under selection pressure, their survival dependent upon performance at a control task, while the other set of populations had survivors chosen randomly. Despite predictions to the contrary, the results showed significant differences in all three dynamics, suggesting that neutral models are incomplete explanations at best and that selection pressure constrains evolutionary search in very specific ways.
Incremental Joint Extraction of Entity Mentions and Relations

We present an incremental joint framework to simultaneously extract entity mentions and relations using structured perceptron with efficient beam-search. A segment-based decoder based on the idea of semi-Markov chain is adopted to the new framework as opposed to traditional token-based tagging. In addition, by virtue of the inexact search, we developed a number of new and effective global features as soft constraints to capture the interdependency among entity mentions and relations. Experiments on Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) 1 corpora demonstrate that our joint model significantly outperforms a strong pipelined baseline, which attains better performance than the best-reported end-to-end system.
Stability of multivariate complex diamond polynomials

Recently, attention has been focused on the (open left half plane) stability of a family of polynomials having complex coefficients with their real and imaginary parts each varying in a diamond. It has been found that the stability of the family of polynomials requires the checking of 16 one-dimensional edges of the diamond. This result is extended to n-variate case. It is proved that checking the scattering Hurwitz property of certain 16n one-dimensional edges of the diamond can guarantee the scattering Hurwitz property of the whole diamond family of n-variate complex polynomials. >
Going It Alone: Developing An Independent Study Abroad Program

With a greater focus on internationalization, today’s business students are encouraged to participate in study abroad programs. For smaller, regional business programs seeking a quality study abroad program, faculty and administrators may view “piggybacking” onto existing programs of larger universities as their only viable option. However, piggyback participation in external programs may require that a university forsake its own standards and objectives, and accept the objectives of other study abroad programs. Building on the experiences of one university’s study abroad program for MBAs, the idea that piggybacking onto other schools is the only means of creating a high quality international experience for students is rejected.
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING WITH PSEUDO-COLOR*

Pseudo-color processing is a technique that maps each of the grey levels of a black and white image into an assigned color. This colored image, when displayed, can make the identification of certain features easier for the observer. The mappings are computationally simple and fast. This makes pseudo-color an attractive technique for use on digital image processing systems that are designed to be used in the interactive mode. This paper will discuss the application of several pseudo-color mapping schemes. Various color maps can give contrast enhancement effects, contouring effects, or grey level mapping (depicting areas of a given grey level). Pseudo-color schemes can also be designed to preserve or remove intensity information. Since the nature of the original black and white image can determine the success or failure of a particular color scheme, it is necessary to find a rational approach to the design and selection of the color maps. The paper will describe some methods of designing color schemes that use ideas from the fields of colorimetry and visual perception.
Genes and Signals in the Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis

Rhizobium -legume symbiosis begins with two free living organisms, and ends with an intimate cellular co-existence. Rhizobium bacteria recognize specific plants, provoke development of a root nodule, and invade the plant tissue. Eventually, the Rhizobium cell transfers itself into a host cell,