cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Refining the archaeomagnetic dating curve for the Near East: New intensity data from Bronze Age ceramics at Tell Mozan, Syria

Abstract Uncertainty in radiocarbon dates for the Near East, caused by a bimodal distribution of ages due to the natural fluctuations of 14 C in the atmosphere, has demonstrated the need for an alternative absolute dating technique to aid in the construction of site chronologies. Here we present a new archaeointensity reference curve model for the first three millennia BCE for the Levant (Syria, Israel, Jordan) for use in archaeomagnetic dating and contribute twelve new intensity results to an increasingly dense geomagnetic field record for the period between 2400 and 1200 BCE in the Near East. Archaeomagnetic analysis was conducted on ceramic samples (i.e. pottery sherds) from seven sequential and well-constrained occupational layers at the site of Tell Mozan (Bronze Age Urkesh) in northeastern Syria, resulting in a 90% success rate by specimen ( n = 42) for archaeointensity determination and an 86% correspondence between the model and the archaeologically derived dates within one standard deviation (1 σ ). Age standard deviations as low as ±24 years were obtained after integration with stratigraphic constraints. We also outline the techniques and sampling procedures of archaeomagnetic dating in a manner suitable for the non-paleomagnetist while detailing methodology for archaeomagnetic researchers.
Demographic analysis for nuclear power plant siting: A set of computerized models and a suggestion for improving siting practices☆

Abstract Land use and demographic studies required by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in the siting of nuclear power plants include specification of exclusions areas, low population zones, population center distances, projections of resident populations, and surrounding land uses and transient persons. A computerized projection model designed to meet some of these needs is described. It includes national, state, county and minor civil division components. Related aspects of these required studies are reviewed and critical suggestions are made for improved design of the analyses.
Choosing the Wrong Calling Plan? Ignorance and Learning

When a firm offers several tariff options to its customers, the possibility arises that they will make an ex post mistake in tariff choice. This occurs since consumers cannot commit to a certain purchase level at the time they subscribe to the service option and, thus, they might find out later that a different choice of tariff could have resulted in a lower payment for their actual level of consumption. This is a common feature of increasingly important subscriptions markets, in which buyers and sellers maintain long-term, nonanonymous relations and where learning induces interesting dynamics. On the one hand, buyers may learn their taste over time, thus making the right choice as times goes by; on the other hand, the seller may design options to identify the “type” of each buyer and, if possible, to extract a higher proportion of their consumer surplus by offering tariff options that are better tailored to the profile of the consumer. This paper focuses on the first type of learning. In turn I document buyer behavior in a subscriptions market using data from a tariff experiment run by South Central Bell (SCB) in Kentucky during the second half of 1986. The most frequently studied case of subscriptions markets is the choice among Optional Calling Plans (OCPs) in the telephone industry. This paper shows that, contrary to the conven-
Pooled Analysis of Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Colorectal Metastases: Results From 5 Institutions

among the 69 treatments included mostly CTC grade 1-2 toxicity with only one grade 3, two grade 4 and one grade 5 toxicity. There was no difference in the toxicity based on the primary site. Conclusions: Stereotactic body radiation therapy is a safe and effective treatment for patients with 1-3 liver metastases with a limited toxicity profile. Author Disclosure: B. Goodman: None. H. Cardenes: None. P. Helft: None. M. Maluccio: None.
"When Meeting 'Khun' Teacher, Each Time We Should Pay Respect": Standardizing Respect in a Northern Thai Classroom.

Abstract This paper examines how Northern Thai (Muang) children are socialized into the discourses and practices of respect in school, a process that indexically links Standard Thai to images of polite and respectful Thai citizenship. Focusing on the socialization of politeness particles, the paper examines how cultural models of conduct are taken up, positioned and reinterpreted in local discourses and classroom activities in a kindergarten classroom. The analysis explores not only how respectful language and conduct are represented in discourses about language use, but also how respect is implicitly tied to certain ways of speaking in situated classroom interactions and correction routines. The data presented here show that, while authoritative and pervasive discourses subordinate the children's Muang ethnolinguistic identity to a Thai national identity, the local entextualization of these discourses in ritual interactions at Pong Noi School also reframes them within a broader classroom gestalt characterized by a thriving local identity and vast vernacular spaces.
A comparison of the subjective and cardiovascular effects of cocaine and lidocaine in humans.

Four normal adult volunteers were given intravenous injections of 16, 32 and 48 mg cocaine, procaine, or saline, once daily in a balanced order. An additional dose of procaine, 96 mg, was also given. Heart rate, blood pressure, and responses on the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI), and a locally developed drug effects rating scale were measured before and periodically after drug or placebo injection. The profile of action of cocaine was significantly different from that produced by both saline and the lower doses of procaine. Although responses on the ARCI and POMS after all doses of procaine were similar to those obtained after placebo, three of the subjects identified 48 and 96 mg procaine as cocaine, and rated these two drugs similarly at the higher procaine doses.
Prenatal development of individual retinogeniculate axons during the period of segregation

When connections are first formed during the development of the vertebrate nervous system, inputs from different sources are frequently intermixed and the specific adult pattern then emerges as the different inputs segregate from each other1–11. During the prenatal development of connections between retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the cat, the projections from the two eyes initially overlap with each other within the LGN. Over the next 3 weeks a reduction in the amount of overlap occurs so that by birth, a segregated pattern similar to the adult is present9. We report here that during the period of overlap, individual retinogeniculate axons are simple in shape and restricted in extent without any widespread branches. Further, the appearance of the segregated pattern of eye input is accompanied by the elaboration of extensive new axonal arbors within appropriate LGN territory accompanied by retraction of only a limited number of minor branches. This developmental strategy contrasts with that in other regions of the vertebrate central nervous system in which the orderly adult pattern of connections within a target is achieved by a relative reduction in the overall extent of the axon arbor5,12,13.
Increased epidermal growth factor receptor in multidrug‐resistant human neuroblastoma cells

Multidrug-resistant human neuroblastoma cell lines obtained by selection with vincristine or actinomycin D from two independent clonal lines, SH-SY5Y and MC-IXC, have 3- to 30-fold more cell surface epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors than the drug-sensitive parental cells as indicated by EGF binding assays and immunoprecipitation, affinity-labeling, and phosphorylation studies. Reversion to drug sensitivity in one line was accompanied by a return to the parental level of EGF receptor. SH-EP cells, a clone derived from the same neuroblastoma cell line as SH-SY5Y but which displays melanocyte rather than neuronal lineage markers, also express significantly more EGF receptor than SH-SY5Y cells. By nucleic acid hybridization analysis with a molecularly cloned probe, increased receptor level in multidrug-resistant cells was shown to be the result of higher levels of EGF receptor mRNA in drug-resistant than in drug-sensitive cells. The increased steady state amount of specific RNA did not result from amplification of receptor-encoding genes. A small difference was observed in the electrophoretic mobility under denaturing conditions of EGF receptor immunoprecipitated from drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cells. Quantitative and qualitative modulation of the EGF receptor might reflect alterations in the transformation and/or differentiation phenotype of the resistant cells or might result from unknown selective pressures associated with the development of multidrug resistance.
Single-phase and two-phase magnetohydrodynamic pipe flow

Abstract Experimental results are presented for a range of measured temperatures and other parameters of vertically downward flows, both single-phase (sodium) and two-phase (sodium-nitrogen), in a conducting-wall pipe in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. Existing MHD theory predicted, to within experimental error, all single-phase pressure differences for magnetic interaction parameter values of up to approximately 100, beyond which the single-phase normalized resistance coefficients were noticeably lower than the laminar-flow predictions. The magnetic interaction parameter at which such deviation occurred was governed by the conductivity ratio. Two-phase pressure differences were obtained across a range of void fractions, approximately 0.3-0.8, where two distinct flow regimes were encountered. For those two regimes, the normalized resistance coefficients of pressure difference were predicted to within experimental error by the corresponding two-phase MHD pressure-difference models. In half of the two-phase cases examined, decreases were observed in normalized resistance coefficients at high values of the magnetic interaction parameter, a trend similar to that found in single-phase flow. The wall-voltage profiles of single-phase flows were symmetric with respect to the center of the applied magnetic field region; two-phase wall-voltage profiles were asymmetric because of the expansion of the gaseous nitrogen along the length of the test section. The influence of temperature and other system parameters upon pressure differences and wall voltages, and the possible effect of ‘ M -shaped’ velocity profiles in the two types of flow are discussed.
Oxidative events during programmed cell death of daylily (Hemerocallis hybrid) petals

Abstract Petals of the daylily, Hemerocallis hybrid cv Stella d'Oro, show visible signs of degradation just 24 h after flower opening. This is preceded by increases in ion leakage. Since losses of membrane differential permeability have been linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS), we are asking if daylily senescence is controlled in part by reactions associated with ROS. Ion leakage is prevented by hypoxic conditions, and peroxidized lipid, lipoxygenase activity and H 2 O 2 increase even before flower opening. Treatments that stimulate cell death also prematurely increase levels of H 2 O 2 . The specific activity of protective enzymes such as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase decreases during flower senescence as do levels of ascorbic acid. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase specific activities increase. We suggest that membrane changes leading to cell death may be induced in part by lipoxygenase activity and by ROS that are increasing because of reduced effectiveness of certain protective enzymes.
Technology and Education - Dream or Expectation?

Technology will be utilized by the educational field, but only in those areas where it can be proven to be economically feasible. In the area of improving the quality of education, technology will be utilized only by those areas that can afford a large increase in expense. With the promise of reduced costs, and in the face of resistance by entrenched individuals and arguments regarding dehumanization, and in view of the lack of a clear demonstration of effectiveness, technology will remain only a dream for the next decade.
Megakaryoblastic leukemia factor-1 transduces cytoskeletal signals and induces smooth muscle cell differentiation from undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

The SAP domain transcription factor myocardin plays a critical role in the transcriptional program regulating smooth muscle cell differentiation. In this report, we describe the capacity of myocardin to physically associate with megakaryoblastic leukemia factor-1 (MKL1) and characterize the function of MKL1 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The MKL1 gene is expressed in most human tissues and myocardin and MKL are co-expressed in SMCs. MKL1 and myocardin physically associate via conserved leucine zipper domains. Overexpression of MKL1 transactivates serum response factor (SRF)-dependent SMC-restricted transcriptional regulatory elements including the SM22α promoter, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoter/enhancer, and SM-α-actin promoter/enhancer in non-SMCs. Moreover, forced expression of MKL1 and SRF in undifferentiated SRF-/- embryonic stem cells activates multiple endogenous SMC-restricted genes at levels equivalent to, or exceeding, myocardin. Forced expression of a dominant-negative MKL1 mutant reduces myocardin-induced activation of the SMC-specific SM22α promoter. In NIH3T3 fibroblasts MKL1 localizes to the cytoplasm and translocates to the nucleus in response to serum stimulation, actin treadmilling, and RhoA signaling. In contrast, in SMCs MKL1 is observed exclusively in the nucleus regardless of serum conditions or RhoA signaling. However, when actin polymerization is disrupted MKL1 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in SMCs. Together, these data were consistent with a model wherein MKL1 transduces signals from the cytoskeleton to the nucleus in SMCs and regulates SRF-dependent SMC differentiation autonomously or in concert with myocardin.
Synaptic transmission: Spillover at central synapses

Abstract Recent studies suggest that transmitter molecules released at central synapses sometimes diffuse long enough distances to activate receptors located outside the synaptic cleft or even in neighboring synapses. This transmitter ‘spillover' may have important physiological consequences.
Effects of High Ambient Temperature on Various Stages of Rabies Virus Infection in Mice

Effects of high ambient temperatures on various stages of rabies virus infection have been studied. Ambient temperature increased within the tolerated range was found to have little effect upon body temperature of normal mice, but caused marked elevation of temperature during illness. Temperatures at onset of patent illness in mice were lower than normal. Increased body temperature in the higher thermic ambience during the incubation period was associated with decreased mortality and frequent abortive infections. Exposure to high ambient temperature late in the incubation period delayed onset of illness, decreased mortality, and increased frequency of abortive infections, but exposure to high ambient temperature after onset of patent illness did not affect the course of the disease.
The Aha! Experience: Insight and Discontinuous Learning in Product Usage

Success of many products depends on how consumers learn to use them. This research suggests that initial product trial may lead to jumps in consumer learning. Such discontinuities in learning co-occur with the experience of insight—namely, a better conceptual understanding of how to use the product. Notably, such learning also positively affects downstream outcomes such as affect and usage intentions. Whereas exploration during initial trial facilitates insight-based learning, usage instructions seem to limit this type of learning. The implication for marketing managers is to structure initial trials in a manner conducive to exploration, thus leading to insight-driven learning and the associated positive outcomes.
Commentary---Discussion of “Online Display Advertising: Targeting and Obtrusiveness” by Avi Goldfarb and Catherine Tucker

In “Online Display Advertising: Targeting and Obtrusiveness,” Avi Goldfarb and Catherine Tucker present an empirical investigation and discussion of consumers' reactions to obtrusive and targeted Internet advertisements. They find, among other things, that obtrusive advertisements when combined with targeting tend to generate no greater effectiveness in consumer response than either method used alone. Perhaps one of the most interesting findings in their results involves the authors' focus on privacy salience and its connection to advertisement presentation. This brief discussion of their work (1) highlights the importance of further research in line with the well-crafted privacy preference inquiries of Goldfarb and Tucker's study and (2) complements the authors' discussion regarding possible public policy implications with a legal discussion elaborating on existing legal grounds for liability and restrictions on advertising consumers perceive as privacy invasive.
Robust Energy Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios

A crucial task for a network of cognitive radios is to detect occupied frequency bands, to protect transmissions of primary users, and to identify spectrum holes (unoccupied bands) to maximize the utilization of wasted resources. This paper is motivated by the need to account for challenging constraints that naturally arise in such applications such as channel model uncertainties and demanding sensitivity constraints of the sensing devices. We propose a False Discovery Rate (FDR) based cooperative strategy to sense the occupancy of the spectrum. The proposed strategy is robust to significant uncertainties such as lack of CSI, fading and shadowing effects. Furthermore, it is shown that the cooperative sensing strategy significantly reduces sensitivity requirements. We quantify the effect of channel occupancy rate on the required cooperation degree for achieving a guaranteed level of primary user protection.
Muon Elastic Scattering with MUSE at PSI

The proton radius puzzle is the disagreement between the much more precise radius determined from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy and the numerous atomic hydrogen and electron scattering determinations. The puzzle has several possible resolutions, including physics beyond the Standard Model, missing conventional physics, and errors or underestimated uncertainties in the extraction of the radius from the data. New experiments are needed to confirm and / or resolve the puzzle. The MU on S cattering E xperiment (MUSE) recently approved at PSI has been designed to help resolve the puzzle by measuring the radius in a way not yet done. Similar to electron scattering, the radius will be extracted from the observed change of the charge form factor with momentum transfer. The experiment uses the π M1 beamline to provide a mixed secondary muon and electron (and pion) beam of either positive or negative charge. The comparison of muon and electron scattering measured simultaneously determines the consistency of the form factors in the two cases with high precision. Comparison of yields from both charge signs will at the same time disentangle the effect of two-photon exchange. The proton charge radius can be extracted from each set of scattering data. The physics case and status of MUSE will be discussed.
Diagnosis and management of alcoholic hepatitis.

Alcoholic hepatitis is a form of severe, cholestatic liver disease that results from consumption of large amount of alcohol during a sustained period of time in a subset of alcoholics. Symptoms could be mild and nonspecific to more severe. The diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis can be made with a thorough history, physical examination, and review of laboratory results. Liver biopsy is confirmatory but generally not indicated for the diagnosis. Abstinence is the key form of therapeutic intervention. Despite variable results in clinical trials, corticosteroids and pentoxifylline seem to provide moderate survival benefit. Liver transplantation in acute alcoholic hepatitis is contentious.
Factor-Market Rivalry

With its focus on product-market rivalry, competitive dynamics research fails to tell the whole story. We develop a theory of factor-market rivalry to shed light on atypical rivals and competitive blind spots. Focusing on resource versatility and mobility, the theory introduces dynamic constructs—resource discontinuities, leapfrogging, and captivity—and explains their role in triggering cascading effects. To illustrate the theory's conceptual utility, we apply the concepts of factor-market rivalry to mutual forbearance in multimarket competition.
A linear characterization of the Petri net reachability space corresponding to bounded-length fireable transition sequences and its implications for the structural analysis of process-resource nets with acyclic, quasi-live and strongly reversible process subnets.

The first part of this paper develops a linear characterization for the space of the Petri net markings that are reachable from the initial marking, M 0 , through bounded-length fireable transition sequences. The second part discusses the practical implications of this result for the liveness and reversibility analysis of a particular class of Petri nets known as process-resource nets with acyclic, quasi-live and strongly reversible process subnets.
Alternative Policies for Preserving Farm and Open Areas: Analysis and Evaluation of Available Options

Rapid urban growth disrupts land use patterns on the urban-rural fringe, increasing development pressure on nearby farm and open lands. Many public agencies have attempted to moderate these development pressures through intervention in the local land market in order to preserve remaining open areas. There are essentially five ways that governmental units can act to preserve farm and open lands: public purchase of these lands; restrictive zoning laws; public purchase of the development rights to open lands; programs of transferable development rights, and preferential assessment property tax programs. Each of these methods imposes burdens on different groups and creates winners and losers among property owners, taxpayers and others. This paper analyzes the economic impacts of these open space preservation programs and evaluates their effectiveness in achieving their goals. None of the programs evaluated is judged to be perfect in preserving open space, but the public purchase of development rights is seen to be an equitable second-best solution.
A simple method to determine channel widths for conventional and LDD MOSFET's

A new method to determine the channel widths and in situ gate-oxide thicknesses of conventional and LDD MOSFET's is described. The method is based on the linear relationship between the intrinsic gate capacitance and effective channel width. Measurements from two gate biases on devices of different channel widths are sufficient to obtain a full characterization. Channel widths and gate-oxide thicknesses determined by this method are given for both types of devices. This method applies to large-size as well as small-size, test devices.
Stress and Adaptation in Mothers of Children With Cerebral Palsy

Objective To assess the importance of disability severity and child functional status as predictors of maternal depressive symptoms and the moderating effects of maternal appraisal, social support, and family income on the relationship between disability factors (severity and functional status) and maternal depressive symptoms. Method Mothers of 270 children with cerebral palsy completed surveys on their appraisal of the child's disability, social support, and family demographics. Physicians assessed the severity of the disability and the child's functional status. Results Thirty percent of the mothers had depressive symptoms above the cutoff on a depression screening instrument. Disability severity and child's functional status did not predict maternal depression. Perceived social support moderated the relationship between the child's functional status and maternal depressive symptoms. Conclusions Mothers of children with cerebral palsy may be at risk for depression. Interventions that take into account the moderating effects of social support may increase maternal adaptation.
The Immunohistochemistry of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative, multifocal tumor that depends upon infection with Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus-8 (KSHV/HHV8). KS lesions are comprised of spindled lesional cells, abnormal vessels, and a variable chronic inflammatory infiltrate. There is an emerging body of literature pertaining to the immunohistochemistry (IHC) of this captivating vascular neoplasm. This chapter deals with the IHC of KS related to (1) its histogenesis (cell of origin), (2) pathogenesis, (3) diagnosis, and (4) the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Photopolymerization initiated by triphenylphosphine

The triphenylphosphine-initiated photopolymerization of acrylic monomers was studied. Only those monomers containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group could be photoinitiated by triphenylphosphine, styrene being unaffected at the level of initiator employed. Kinetic studies with methyl methacrylate showed that the propagation was free radical in nature. Analysis of the resulting polymer indicated that it contained one phosphorus atom per chain. Ultraviolet spectral data suggested the formation of complexes between the triphenylphosphine and each monomer for which it is initiator. A relationship between the complex and the polymerization was shown to exist. A mechanism is proposed, involving a light-activated dipole interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and the phosphorus atom with the ultimate formation of a methacrylate type of free radical.
Exploiting and defending trust models in cooperative spectrum sensing

Cognitive radios are currently presented as the solution to the ever-increasing spectrum shortage problem. However, their increased capabilities over traditional radios introduce a new dimension of security threats. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) has been proposed as a means to protect cognitive radio networks from the well-known security threats: primary user emulation (PUE) and spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF). In this paper, we demonstrate a new threat to CSS protocols that rely on sensor reputations, called the Rogue Signal Framing (RSF) intrusion. Rogue signals can be exploited to create the illusion of malicious sensors which leads to the framing of innocent sensors and, consequently, their removal from the shared spectrum sensing. Ultimately, with fewer sensors working together, the spectrum sensing is less robust for making correct spectrum access decisions. The simulation experiments illustrate the impact of RSF intrusions which, in severe cases, shows roughly 40% of sensors removed. To counter the RSF’s impact on the cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), we introduce a new defense based on cluster analysis and community detection from analyzing the network’s received signal strength (RSS) diversity. Tests show up to 95% damage mitigation to the integrity of sensor reputations, thus retaining the benefits of trust-based CSS protocols.
Potassium Flux and Leaf Movement in Samanea saman : I. Rhythmic Movement

Samanea leaflets usually open in white light and fold together when darkened, but also open and dose with a circadian rhythm during prolonged darkness. Leaflet movement results from differential changes in the turgor and shape of motor cells on opposite sides of the pulvinus; extensor cells expand during opening and shrink during closure, while flexor cells shrink during opening and expand during closure but change shape more than size. Potassium in both open and closed pulvini is about 0.4 N. Flame photometric and electron microprobe analyses reveal that rhythmic and light-regulated postassium flux is the basis for pulvinar turgor movements. Rhythmic potassium flux during darkness in motor cells in the extensor region involves alternating predominance of inwardly directed ion pumps and leakage outward through diffusion channels, each lasting ca 12 h. White light affects the system by activating outwardly directed K+ pumps in motor cells in the flexor region.
Probabilistic analysis of interconnect coupling noise

Noise simulators and noise avoidance tools are playing an increasingly critical role in the design of deep submicron circuits. However, noise estimates produced by these simulators are often very pessimistic. For large, high-performance industrial ICs, which can contain hundreds of thousands of nets, the worst case estimates of the noise results in thousands of reported violations, without any information about the likelihood of the possible noise violation. In this paper, we present a probabilistic approach to prioritize the violating nets based on the likelihood of occurrence of the reported noise. We derive an upper bound on the probability that the total noise injected on a given victim net by a specific set of aggressors exceeds a threshold. This is equivalent to a lower bound on the expected number of clock cycles required to realize the noise violation for the first time, i.e., mean time-to-failure. If the probability of a failure in a victim is sufficiently small, it is possible that even during the operation of the part for a number of years, the probability of failure on the net is negligible and the net can be assigned a lower priority for the application of noise avoidance strategies. We demonstrate the utility of this approach through experiments carried out on an large industrial processor design using a state-of-the-art industrial noise analysis tool.
High-performance GaAs power MESFET with AlGaAs buffer layer

The performance of a power MESFET has been significantly improved by using an AlGaAs heterobuffer. The conduction-band discontinuity at the heterointerface acts as a potential barrier for electron confinement; the RF conversion efficiency and power gain of the FET were very high compared with a standard MESFET. We have achieved 41% power-added efficiency with 0.88 W/mm power density at 21.5 GHz and 30% efficiency with 0.56 W/mm at 35 GHz.
Small hyperechoic ventricle: a benign foci of the fetal cardiac sonographic finding?

The objective of our study was to determine the significance of antenatally detected, small hyperechoic foci in the fetal cardiac ventricle. In a 13-month period, we identified 25 fetuses with such a finding, an incidence rate of 0.46%. The hyperechoic foci in 24/25 fetuses were seen during follow-up serial scans. The size ranged from 1 to 6 mm. All had a normal fetal echocardiogram at 20–22 weeks' gestation. Eleven of the 24 neonates had a normal postnatal echocardiogram in the first 4 weeks of birth. One neonate had a previously undiagnosed transposition of the great vessels and no residual hyperechoic focus. Twelve had an echogenic focus located at the level of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles in the left ventricle. In each of these 12 neonates, there was normal ventricular function determined by measuring the shortening fraction, and a competent atrioventricular valve. When hyperechoic foci are identified, baseline antenatal echocardiography should be performed to confirm their benignity. With an otherwise normal fetal and clinical neonatal evaluation, serial antenatal and confirmatory postnatal echocardiography are unnecessary. A possible relationship to other cardiac anomalies or aneuploidies requires further study. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Application of time domain diakoptics to 3-D TLM method with symmetrical condensed nodes

The diakoptics (segmentation) technique is applied to TLM (transmission-line matrix) analysis of microwave circuits using Johns's (1987) 3-D symmetrical condensed node. It is shown how a microwave structure can be partitioned into substructures which are solved independently and later reassembled (all in the time domain). Diakoptics leads to considerable reduction in memory and CPU requirements for big structures since it allows numerical preprocessing of those parts of a large electromagnetic structure which remain unchanged during repeated analysis. To check the validity of the proposed approach, the algorithm was applied to compute the scattering parameters of a symmetrical capacitive iris with a gap width equal to 1.659 mm in the WR28 waveguide. >
Site selective photoselection study of indole in argon matrix: location of the 1La origin

Abstract Polarized fluorescence excitation and dispersed fluorescence spectra of indole in solid Ar at 20 K under site selective conditions have revealed that ν 28 is Herzberg-Teller (HT) active, both in the excitation and the fluorescence spectrum. The two lines 455 and 480 cm −1 above the 1 L b origin are a Fermi doublet involving 28 0 1 and the out-of-plane combination 39 0 1 41 0 1 and derive 1 L a optical character via the HT coupling by ν 28 . The true 1 L a origin appears to be about 1400 cm −1 above the 1 L b origin in vapor, as discerned by the differential red shift in the Ar matrix.
Asypmtotic Behavior of Nonlinear Functional Evolution Equations in Fading Memory Spaces

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes asypmtotic behavior of nonlinear functional evolution equations in fading memory spaces, and discusses about Banach space and abstract nonlinear functional differential equations involving infinite delay. The chapter attempts to obtain an asymptotic convergence result for solutions to some specific equation. The integral comparison technique of Redlinger is adapted from the case of semilinear finite delay equations to nonlinear infinite delay. The chapter opines that the Redlinger technique will prove to be a useful tool for nonlinear evolution equations. Following the Redlinger technique, the chapter introduces the scalar integral operator S . The chapter further discusses a comparison principle as a modification of a lemma of Redlinger.
The cultural politics of water in the Everglades and beyond (The 2015 Lewis Henry Morgan Lecture)

“Getting the Water Right” is the motto of Everglades restoration, which is among the world’s largest and costliest ecosystem restoration projects. In Florida and globally, getting the water right is as much a social and cultural project as it is scientific or political. In this 2015 Lewis Henry Morgan Lecture, Jessica Cattelino builds from ethnographic research in the Everglades to explore the cultural politics of water. Examining how Everglades residents—including Seminole and non-Seminole farmers and ranchers, water managers, and environmentalists—value water, she considers the distinctive forms that nature takes in settler colonial societies like the United States. In the United States, nature and indigeneity are co-produced with uneven effects. Only by unsettling the non-analogical processes that link indigeneity with nature can we “get the water right” in the Everglades and beyond. Watch the Lecture Here: http://haujournal.org/haunet/cattelino.php
Abstract 356: Hypertension Management at the University of Michigan Student Run Free Clinic: Does it Meet National Guidelines?

Purpose: The University of Michigan Student Run Free Clinic (UMSRFC) provides primary care to uninsured adults in Southeast Michigan. Optimal management of chronic conditions, such as hypertension, is one of the clinic’s primary goals. Our aim was to evaluate UMSRFC’s success in meeting the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Service’s (CMS’s) goal of blood pressure (BP) within the recommended values for ≥63% of clinic patients diagnosed with hypertension. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified hypertensive patients with at least two UMSRFC visits between April 2012 and July 2013. Age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, medications, blood pressure (BP), and comorbidities were extracted and stored in an online database. Patients were separated into two groups: those with controlled hypertension (≤140/90 mmHg for systolic/diastolic BP) at their most recent clinic date and those with uncontrolled hypertension (>140/90 mmHg for systolic/diastolic BP) at the most recent clinic visit. Results: Of 43 patients presenting with hypertension, 26 (60.5%) met inclusion criteria. The average age was 52.3 +/- 2.0 years, and 12 (46.2%) were male. The majority (17, 65.4%) of patients self-identified as Caucasian, and 24 (92.4%) were from Southeast Michigan. Follow-up BP was controlled for 17 (65.4%) patients. All 6 (23.1%) patients controlled at initial visit remained controlled at follow-up, and 15 (75%) of those uncontrolled at initial visit were controlled at follow-up. BP control among diabetic patients improved the most: from 1 (16.7%) to 5 (83.3%) (p=0.833) achieving control; statistical insignificance is likely due to sample size. Most patients reduced their BP with the addition of medications, but 2 (7.8%) achieved control with lifestyle changes (eg. reduced salt intake, increased exercise or improved home BP recording adherence) alone. Conclusions: UMSRFC has marginally exceeded CMS’s benchmark with 17 (65.4%) of patients with hypertension having a controlled blood pressure at follow-up. While this result demonstrates that a free clinic working with an uninsured population can provide quality care, UMSRFC will continue to work diligently toward the goal of controlled BP for 100% of patients with hypertension.
Green tea extract does not protect against prostate cancer induction by MNU and testosterone in WU rats

6071 The low prostate cancer rates in countries where consumption of green tea is high suggests green tea may be protective against this human cancer. Green and black tea and some tea catechins, including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have shown anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of prostate tumor development in the TRAMP model by administration of a green tea polyphenolic fraction in drinking water has been reported (2001, PNAS 98:10350-5). However, we observed that green tea extract does not affect the in vivo growth of rat prostate cancer cells and a human prostate xenograft (Proc AACR 44, Abstract #3895, 2003). In this study, we examined the effect of a green tea extract developed by Unilever Bestfoods for human clinical trials on the induction of prostate cancer in a rat model. Hormone-dependent prostate cancers were induced in male Wistar-Unilever (Hsd:WU) rats by the following treatment. To stimulate prostatic cell proliferation, rats were first treated with Flutamide (20 mg/day for 21 days by gavage) followed one day later by testosterone propionate (100 mg/kg/day by single s.c. injection). Sixty hours after this androgen injection, rats (34 per group) received a single intravenous injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU [NCI Carcinogen Repository]; 30 mg/kg body weight). Beginning one week post-MNU, low dose chronic androgen stimulation was provided by two 3 cm-long subcutaneous Silastic tubing capsules containing crystalline testosterone; capsules were replaced once after 9 months. One week post-MNU, animals began receiving drinking water supplemented with either a 1.5% solution of green tea extract (735 mg/L EGCG, 1656 mg/L total catechins, and 300 mg/L caffeine) or a solution of 300 mg/L caffeine, or they continued to receive plain drinking water. Growth and survival were not affected by the treatments, but rats on the tea extract drank 16% less than rats on caffeine or control rats which drank identical amounts. The two treatments did not affect prostate cancer induction. In comparison to a total cancer incidence of 64% (all accessory sex glands) in control rats, total cancer incidences of 60% and 58% were observed in groups given the tea extract or caffeine, respectively. Similarly, cancers that were clearly confined to the dorsolateral/anterior prostate were found in 55% of controls versus 40% and 42% of rats in groups given the tea extract or caffeine, respectively. Adding data on carcinoma in situ to this did not change the observed lack of a protective effect. Using cyproterone acetate in stead of Flutamide or MNU from Ash Stevens did not substantially change prostate cancer incidence in parallel groups given drinking water. Cancer incidence in only the seminal vesicle was less than 15% in all groups. These data do not support the hypothesis that green tea is an inhibitor of prostate carcinogenesis and they are in line with our previous observations. (Supported by NIH Grant CA76426)
Classroom assessment techniques for promoting more positive experiences in teaching and learning

Two classroom assessment techniques (CATs) for promoting more positive teaching and learning experiences in classrooms are described. Derived from research on psychological well-being, these CATs put into practice what is taught in courses on positive psychology. Both techniques are best used during a course; however, they could be used as end-of-the-semester assessment tools. The first technique assesses student anxiety, dejection, calmness, and enthusiasm. High scores on any of these emotions prescribe specific interventions to increase enthusiasm for learning. The second CAT, for exploring classroom flow experiences, assesses not only when flow occurs, but also why it occurs. Its results suggest feasible things that can be done to increase the frequency and intensify classroom flow experiences. Both assessment techniques are designed to be used by a single instructor; however, with modifications, they could also be used by institutional researchers to explore student learning in curricula throughout an...
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee Review of the Parenteral Cephalosporins

The process by which a 530-bed university hospital reduced, from three to one, the number of parenteral cephalosporins in its formulary is discussed. In January 1975, cephapirin sodium was added to the formulary which already included cefazolin sodium and cephalothin sodium. Nine months later, the pharmacy and therapeutics committee decided to delete cephapirin and cephalothin from the formulary. The pharmacy department had supplied background information to the committee, and infectious disease specialists advised the committee. The decision was ratified by the executive committee of the medical staff. The rationale for the decision and its implementation, including staff communications, are discussed.
Study on Optimum Process for Ultra High Pressure Extraction Caffetannic Acid from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.

A L9(34) orthogonal test was conolucted to study the optimum process of ultra high pressure extracting(UHPE) caffetannic acid from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.Using extractive caffetannic acid yield as index,the influence of ethanol concentration,pressure,time,and grinding degree on yields were studied.The results shown that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows:ethanol concentration 40%,UHPE pressure 300 MPa,UHPE time 5.5 min,grinding degree 60 mesh.The caffetannic acid yield was 0.46%.UHPE was a suitable method for it has higher yield and shorter extraction time.
Treatment of genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma in children.

AbstractWe report on 27 children with rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder, prostate, uterus, cervix and vagina treated with combined therapy of surgery, radiotherapy and multiple drug chemotherapy. Of the 27 patients 18 are alive for 13 to 147 months (median 86 months) and 9 have retained a functional bladder. Extirpative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and occasionally radiation therapy was most effective for local tumor control and 7 of 10 patients survived, including 5 with an intact functional bladder. Primary use of chemotherapy in 13 patients with extensive disease resulted in complete tumor control in only 3 but 7 survived, including 4 with an intact bladder. Radiation therapy used concomitantly with chemotherapy failed to control the local tumor but with subsequent extirpative surgery all 4 patients survived.
Why personal change is important for a conscious leader

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why personal change is important for a conscious leader and provide four actionable traits a leader can implement to make a greater impact with the people they lead. The model is to become aware, make changes and see if those changes make the difference you want in your life. If not take different actions until you get the results you want. As this action model becomes a habit, this drives more and more confidence and courage in the leader as they are seeing the positive changes manifest in their life. Design/methodology/approach – The approach I used for the paper is to layout real examples that show the negative impact leaders are causing to their people and organisations. I then use a client example and how she was able to make a personal change using four conscious traits. The work represented in this paper is through first-hand experience and client stories from my coaching. Survey information provided is subjective through informal questioning. Findings – The majority of people (∼73 per cent) who I have queried about leaders they have worked for highlight they were unmemorable and made no impact on inspiring them. Through my coaching I have found leaders who commit and follow through with making the personal change to be a conscious leader and use the four traits the paper highlights, see positive impacts in their own life and in the people they lead. Originality/value – Being a conscious leader is a new emerging area in leadership and those leaders who make it part of their leadership are seeing the positive impacts it is creating with their people and teams. The payoff is the leader becomes an example for others of what personal change can achieve and they become conscious of their behaviours. This awareness allows them to decide is this how I want to be and what I want to be remembered for. This transformation then drives great confidence and courage to be a better leader that benefits everyone in their network.
Empirical analysis of innovation and trade in Europe: a gravity model approach

This paper examines the relationship between innovation and trade in Europe. Applying the gravity model RD however, this relationship is not significant in every sector. Furthermore, the results suggest that innovation-output, captured by the number of patents, is associated with bigger effects on trade than innovation-input, in the form of R&D expenditures. The robustness tests indicate that endogeneity does not bias the results.
Interaction of Stark ladders in strongly coupled supeilattices with embedded quantum wells: experiment and theory

Wannier-Stark localization of the electronic states of GaAs-GaAlAs superlatfices has recently been observed.1 Recent experiments measured the net electron-hole transition energies of weakly coupled superlattices; information on the conduction-band states could be obtained only by neglecting the width of the heavy-hole band.
Sinusoidal Parameter Estimation Using Quadratic Interpolation around Power-Scaled Magnitude Spectrum Peaks

The magnitude of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a discrete-time signal has a limited frequency definition. Quadratic interpolation over the three DFT samples surrounding magnitude peaks improves the estimation of parameters (frequency and amplitude) of resolved sinusoids beyond that limit. Interpolating on a rescaled magnitude spectrum using a logarithmic scale has been shown to improve those estimates. In this article, we show how to heuristically tune a power scaling parameter to outperform linear and logarithmic scaling at an equivalent computational cost. Although this power scaling factor is computed heuristically rather than analytically, it is shown to depend in a structured way on window parameters. Invariance properties of this family of estimators are studied and the existence of a bias due to noise is shown. Comparing to two state-of-the-art estimators, we show that an optimized power scaling has a lower systematic bias and lower mean-squared-error in noisy conditions for ten out of twelve common windowing functions.