cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prior or concurrent exposure to different species of avian Eimeria: effect on sporozoite invasion and chick growth performance.

SUMMARY. The effects of prior (immunity) or concurrent administration of Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria tenella on cellular invasion in vivo and in vitro and on growth performance in white leghorn chickens (WLC) were examined. Weight gains of WLC immunized with E. acervulina and challenged with E. tenella were significantly greater than those of nonimmunized chicks challenged with E. tenella (this occurred despite the increased invasion by E. tenella in E. acervulina-immunized chicks that was reported earlier). The weight gains and modest but consistent improvements in intestinal lesion scores, feed conversion ratios, and oocyst shedding in immunized/challenged WLC indicated that E. acervulina conferred a small measure of protection against E tenella infection that was independent of the effect on invasion. In contrast, immunization of WLC with E. tenella significantly decreased (41?/o51%) invasion by E. acervulina as compared with that in nonimmunized WLC but had little effect on chick growth performance. Concurrent inoculation of chicks with E. tenella and E. acervulina had little effect on invasion by E. tenella sporozoites or on subsequent performance of the chicks. In vitro, prior exposure of cultured cells to either of two isolates of E. tenella also caused a significant decrease in invasion by E. acervulina. No gross changes occurred in the culture morphology between the E. tenella-inoculated and noninoculated cultures. Collectively, the data indicate that prior exposure of WLC and cultured cells to single isolates of avian coccidia markedly influenced invasion by other species but had less effect on the growth performance of the birds.
Incidence of injury based on sports participation in high school athletes

ABSTRACTObjectives: Youth participation in competitive athletics has significantly increased in the past two decades. There has also been a recent rise in the number of sports injuries that physicians are seeing in young athletes. The objective of this study was to assess the likelihood of sports injuries based on several risk factors in a general sample of athletes at a suburban-area high school.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. An online survey was distributed to 2,200 student-athletes at a local high school with a mean age of 15.9 years. Four hundred eighty four (22%) complete responses were received. Data collected in the survey included demographics, frequency of sports participation, level of participation, types of sports played, participation in cross-training, injuries incurred, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and treatment for sports injuries.Results: Athletes played an average of 1.6 different sports. The average number of hours of participation in sports annually was 504...
ADVANCES IN MANAGEMENT OF IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

Management rests on two critical questions: whether the curve is likely to progress before cessation of growth, and whether further progression can be expected in the mature patient. With regard to both questions, we have learned a number of important lessons from mass screening and its follow-up. Along the way, a number of questionable technologies have been discarded.
Effects of intracardiac bradykinin and capsaicin on spinal and spinoreticular neurons

The responses of thoracic spinal and spinoreticular tract (SRT) neurons to activation of cardiac spinal afferents by injections of bradykinin (BK) and capsaicin (CAP) into the left atrium or pericardial sac were determined in vagotomized cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Activities of spinal and SRT neurons in the T1-T5 spinal cord were recorded extracellularly. All neurons received excitatory somatic and cardiopulmonary sympathetic afferent input. Application of BK and CAP to the heart excited most SRT neurons and many spinal neurons but also inhibited some spinal neurons. The two drugs often affected spinal but not SRT neurons differently. Capsaicin excited high threshold and high threshold inhibitory neurons but not wide-dynamic range spinal neurons. In contrast, BK excited all three categories of spinal and SRT neurons. The differential responses of spinal neurons to intracardiac BK and CAP suggested that these compounds can stimulate functionally different populations of cardiac sympathetic afferents.
Leiomyosarcoma fo the Bladder and Subsequent Urethral Recurrence

AbstractA case of leiomyosarcoma of the bladder with subsequent urethral recurrence is presented. Although it is well documented that urethral recurrence, or more likely new occurrence, is not uncommon following transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, we believe that this is the first reported instance of a sarcoma of the bladder and urethral recurrence. Therefore, management of sarcoma of the bladder might include distal urethrectomy at the time of cystoprostatectomy.
Secession USA: A Proposal for a Two-State Solution

The UK’s recent exit from the European Union has sparked new interest in secession and has generated debate on the right to secede. The majority of people in the United States are either dissatisfied or extremely dissatisfied with their federal government. The problem is that there is no consensus as to what to do about it. Both of the major political parties seem totally unresponsive, and it is debatable whether this situation will change any time soon. Voters are split more or less evenly between the Democratic and Republican parties, with a large segment of the population that is totally disgusted with both parties, and ready to either throw their support to a third party, or perhaps not to participate at all in the 2016 election.This paper examines the issue of secession and determines it is a viable option to the status quo. The majority of people in the United States would have their total utility increased by seceding and forming a new nation that is more responsive to their needs. Some of the pros and cons are identified and discussed, and a two-nation solution is proposed.
Monitoring for Viral Infections in Transplant Patients

Monitoring of transplant patients for viral infections allows individualized treatment regimens based on the risk for severe viral disease and quantification of viral loads in patient samples. Depending on the transplant type (solid-organ versus hematopoietic stem cell transplant), donor/recipient serostatus, degree of immunosuppression, and time from transplant, a variety of strategies can be used to manage the risk of post-transplant viral infections. They include empiric suppressive therapy, viral load monitoring, and diagnostic testing algorithms. Since the majority of transplant-associated viral infections are due to reactivation of latent infection, monitoring for viremia can allow early detection and initiation of antiviral therapy or a decrease of immunosuppressive medication in an attempt to limit progression to severe disease. Viral load tests using quantitative-PCR methods are a standard method for monitoring viremia, allowing early detection and tracking of viral infections in this immunocompromised patient population, yet there is limited standardization of testing methods between laboratories.
Proposals for Belief

We have been using the following pairs of sentences among others as working examples of religious doctrines, considering them as possible utterances in S: Bl The Dharma is the path to attainment of Nirvana. B2 Aim at attaining Nirvana. B2v Nirvana is the supreme goal of life. B3 Live in accord with the Dharma. B3v The good life is a life in accord with the Dharma. B4 Attainment of Nirvana is the only way of emancipation from suffering, which is intrinsic to conditioned existence. J1 The Torah teaches us to respond rightly to God. J2 Respond rightly to God. J2v God is holy. J3 Live in accord with the Torah. J3v The good life is a life in accord with the Torah. J4 God is our Lord and Maker, creator of heaven and earth and all that is in them, the judge of all nations and the fountain of life.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in US Adults With Moderate Mental Distress.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by race/ethnicity and to identify sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with CAM use among...
Two tunnels for one peritoneal dialysis catheter: a case for caution

Catheter tunnel infection (CTI) is a known cause of adverse outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. Extension of exit site infection is the most common reported reason for CTI. We report a case of PD-related peritonitis due to a delayed surgical complication. A man aged 54 years with a history of end-stage renal disease due to polycystic kidney disease, on continuous cycling PD for the past 5 years, presented with fever, abdominal pain and …
Why do firms bribe? An empirical study in BRICS economies from 2002 to 2012

This article empirically studies why manufacturing firms bribe the government officials. Firm-level data focusing on the five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) was acquired from an Enterprise Survey conducted by the World Bank between 2002 and 2012. The BRICS countries represent typical emerging world economies. We acquired country-level data from multiple sources. We then studied both firm-level and country-level reasons why firms bribe and how much money they spend in bribing. We found that smaller size, slower expansion, and more infrastructural defects significantly increase bribery probability. Bribery also tends to occur more frequently in countries with faster development and more political rigidity. The 2007–2009 financial crisis also encouraged more bribery.
The Microbiome and the Liver: The Basics

The relationships between the microbiota and other aspects of normal human biology continue to be explored. Indeed, the volume of information relating to the interplay between the host and the microbiota has grown exponentially—especially with the advent of ever-improving techniques for rapidly sequencing and identifying bacterial populations and their functions. The gut is initially sterile at birth and colonization and dynamic changes occur during infancy and early childhood in order to establish a mature microbiome. The mature microbiome has direct and important interactions with host metabolism. Bacterial translocation from the gut microbiome is thought to be a key driver of inflammation in liver disease and changes in tolerance to these bacteria drive inflammation in the liver and elsewhere in the host. As we are better able to describe the composition and functional properties of the microbiome, the range of its impact on the homeostatic functions of the human body and implications for disease continue to be extended.
Power scaling of a hybrid microstructured Yb-doped fiber amplifier

Hybrid microstructured fibers, utilizing both air holes and high index cladding structures, provide important advantages over conventional fiber including robust fundamental mode operation with large core diameters (>30μm) and spectral filtering (i.e. amplified spontaneous emission and Raman suppression). This work investigates the capabilities of a hybrid fiber designed to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and modal instability (MI) by characterizing these effects in a counter-pumped amplifier configuration as well as interrogating SBS using a pump-probe Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) diagnostic suite. The fiber has a 35 μm annularly gain tailored core, the center doped with Yb and the second annulus comprised of un-doped fused silica, designed to optimize gain in the fundamental mode while limiting gain to higher order modes. A narrow-linewidth seed was amplified to an MI-limited 820 W, with near-diffraction-limited beam quality, an effective linewidth ~ 1 GHz, and a pump conversion efficiency of 78%. Via a BGS pump-probe measurement system a high resolution spectra and corresponding gain coefficient were obtained. The primary gain peak, corresponding to the Yb doped region of the core, occurred at 15.9 GHz and had a gain coefficient of 1.92×10-11 m/W. A much weaker BGS response, due to the pure silica annulus, occurred at 16.3 GHz. This result demonstrates the feasibility of power scaling hybrid microstructured fiber amplifiers
Structural Modification of Heparinoids

This chapter discusses the structural features of heparinoids. It provides an overview of the selective chemical reactivities of the functional groups in heparinoids. Both classical methodologies and methodologies that are unique to the glycosaminoglycans have been extensively used to prepare modified heparinoids. Such procedures have been extremely useful in obtaining heparinoids with altered biological properties. Along with this, there are additional reasons for preparing structurally modified heparinoids. Such modification procedures can be used to characterize the fine structures of heparinoids. In addition, these procedures render new ways for selective cleavage of heparinoids. The isolation of heparinoid fragments which bind specifically to a heparin-binding protein requires a method for cleaving the heparinoid polymer that does not cleave in the middle of the specific oligosaccharide segments that are required for protein binding. After outlining the structural modification procedures, this chapter discusses how different procedures may facilitate the isolation of heparinoid fragments for analysis of heparinoid fine structure and for use in studies of heparin-binding proteins.
Design of template-stabilized active and earth-abundant oxygen evolution catalysts in acid

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that are earth-abundant and are active and stable in acid are unknown. Active catalysts derived from Co and Ni oxides dissolve at low pH, whereas acid stable systems such as Mn oxides (MnOx) display poor OER activity. We now demonstrate a rational approach for the design of earth-abundant catalysts that are stable and active in acid by treating activity and stability as decoupled elements of mixed metal oxides. Manganese serves as a stabilizing structural element for catalytically active Co centers in CoMnOx films. In acidic solutions (pH 2.5), CoMnOx exhibits the OER activity of electrodeposited Co oxide (CoOx) with a Tafel slope of 70–80 mV per decade while also retaining the long-term acid stability of MnOx films for OER at 0.1 mA cm−2. Driving OER at greater current densities in this system is not viable because at high anodic potentials, Mn oxides convert to and dissolve as permanganate. However, by exploiting the decoupled design of the catalyst, the stabilizing structural element may be optimized independently of the Co active sites. By screening potential–pH diagrams, we replaced Mn with Pb to prepare CoFePbOx films that maintained the high OER activity of CoOx at pH 2.5 while exhibiting long-term acid stability at higher current densities (at 1 mA cm−2 for over 50 h at pH 2.0). Under these acidic conditions, CoFePbOx exhibits OER activity that approaches noble metal oxides, thus establishing the viability of decoupling functionality in mixed metal catalysts for designing active, acid-stable, and earth-abundant OER catalysts.
The Medical Library Association Guide to Data Management for Librarians

Lisa Federer, AHIP, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), along with authors from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and highly reputable universities, introduces readers to the theoretical and data life cycle aspects of data management and then offers practical examples from academic health sciences and hospital environments.
Big Data-Based Approach to Detect, Locate, and Enhance the Stability of an Unplanned Microgrid Islanding

AbstractIn this paper, a big data-based approach is proposed for the security improvement of an unplanned microgrid islanding (UMI). The proposed approach contains two major steps: the first step i...
Electrocardiographic and pathologic features of myocardial infarction in man: A correlative study

Abstract The electrocardiographic and pathologic findings in 10 cases of myocardial infarction were investigated. In each case, electrocardiograms prior to and following the occurrence of myocardial infarction were available, and the pathologic features were demonstrated by a uniform technic. The electrocardiographic changes were interpreted in terms of the ventricular excitation sequence reported by Scher. In 7 of the 10 cases, there were QRS alterations which were not explicable on the basis of localized tissue loss applied to that sequence. This finding was considered evidence of intraventricular conduction disorders due to myocardial infarction. Alteration of the QRS complex which could be attributed to localized tissue loss was associated with all infarcts that occurred in the interim between control and postinfarction electrocardiograms. This evidence of tissue loss did not, however, reflect all of the areas actually occupied by the lesions.
Temperature Distributions Induced by 2450 MHz Microwave Radiation in a Trilayered Spherical Phantom

ABSTRACTThe properties of phantom modeling materials used in the fabrication of a trilayered spherical phantom and the characteristics of heating patterns induced in the phantom by 2450 MHz microwave radiation are discussed. The techniques used in the preparation of the simulated fat, muscle and brain materials resulted in material mixtures with homogeneous, reproducible and stable dielectric properties. The dielectric properties of these simulated materials exhibited no temperature dependence from 20° to 50°C. The heating patterns in the trilayered spherical phantom were obtained using an inexpensive liquid crystal photographic technique. The characteristics of these heating patterns are shown to be in good qualitative agreement with heating patterns obtained by thermographic techniques and theoretical calculations in homogeneous spherical phantoms. Heating patterns recorded in a bilayered spherical phantom by liquid crystal techniques have a shape and location similar to heating patterns observed in the...
Restructuring Schools for Cultural Inclusion: Changing the Schooling Process for African American Youngsters.

The restructuring of schools has become a major focus for educational researchers and practitioners. The purpose and goals of school restructuring have been stated in various ways. The ingredients have included: changing the decisionmaking process to allow greater participation from teachers and parents,embellishing the curriculum with higher-order thinking skills; planning or developing new curriculum; increasing student participation in shared learning experiences and allowing students to take more responsibility for their own learning; holding schools accountable for getting results; providing new models for staff development that include teachers as coaches, mentors, and researchers; increasing collaboration between universities and public schools; providing support programs for beginning teachers; and increasing the use of school-based management. The list is impressive, but what will be the effect on the nation's most troubled schools on inner-city schools? Whatever restructuring is taken to mean, according to John O'Neil (1990), "the most visible 'proving ground' for school restructuring is in the inner cities, where some experts warn that a complete overhaul is needed to stem the tide of student dropouts and ill-prepared graduates (p. 4)." O'Neil further suggests that "successful" inner-city schools should become the model for restructuring. He describes programs and practices within these model schools that he believes provide insight and direction. On the contrary, Etta Hollins (1990) suggests a reexamination of programs claiming unprecedented success for urban schools. Hollins identifies three categories of "successful" school programs each of which is based on implicit views of the purpose of education, perceptions of the learner, and the nature of the instruc-
The Octave is Dead… Long Live the Octave

The octave is the most consonant interval after the unison A low C on the piano sounds “the same” as a high C. Scales “repeat” at octave intervals. These commonsense notions are found wherever music is discussed: The most basic musical interval is the octave, which occurs when the frequency of any tone is doubled or halved. Two tones an octave apart create a feeling of identity, or the duplication of a single pitch in a higher or lower register1.
On upper and lower bounds of identifying code set for soccer ball graph with application to satellite deployment

We study a monitoring problem on the surface of the earth for significant environmental, social/political and extreme events using satellites as sensors. We assume that the surface of the earth is divided into a set of regions, where a region may be a continent, a country, or a set of neighboring countries. We also assume that, the impact of a significant event spills into neighboring regions and there will be corresponding indicators of such events. Careful deployment of sensors, utilizing Identifying Codes, can ensure that even though the number of deployed sensors is fewer than the number of regions, it may be possible to uniquely identify the region where the event has taken place. We assume that an event is confined to a region. As Earth is almost a sphere, we use a soccer ball (a sphere) as a model. From the model, we construct a Soccer Ball Graph (SBG), and show that the SBG has at least 26 sets of Identifying Codes of cardinality ten, implying that there are at least 26 different ways to deploy ten satellites to monitor the Earth. Finally, we also show that the size of the minimum Identifying Code for the SBG is at least nine.
Abstract WMP80: Inflammation in Aging Increases Ischemic Stroke Burden

Rationale: Acute increases the risk for stroke and adverse outcomes following stroke, such as disability and death. Aging is characterized by increased circulating inflammatory agonists, including ...
ACUTE THROMBUS FORMATION FOLLOWING VALVE IN VALVE TAVR

Valve-in-valve (VIV) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been established as an alternative to surgical valve replacement for failing bioprosthetic aortic valves. Although lower risk compared to surgical replacement VIV TAVR still carries potential for complications. We present a case
Information extraction from multiple syntactic sources

Information Extraction is the automatic extraction of facts from text, which includes detection of named entities, entity relations and events. Conventional approaches to Information Extraction try to find syntactic patterns based on deep processing of text, such as partial or full parsing. The problem these solutions have to face is that as deeper analysis is used, the accuracy of the result decreases, and one cannot recover from the induced errors. On the other hand, lower level processing is more accurate and it can also provide useful information. However, within the framework of conventional approaches, this kind of information can not be efficiently incorporated. This thesis describes a novel supervised approach based on kernel methods to address these issues. In this approach customized kernels are used to match syntactic structures produced from different preprocessing phases. Using properties of a kernel, individual kernels are combined into a composite kernel to integrate and extend all the information. The composite kernels can be used with various classifiers, such as Nearest Neighbor or Support Vector Machines (SVM). The main classifier we propose to use is SVM due to its ability to generalize in large dimensional feature spaces. We will show that each level of syntactic information can contribute to IE tasks, and low level information can help to recover from errors in deep processing. The new approach has demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark tasks. The first task is detecting slot fillers for management succession events (MUC-6). For this task two types of kernels were designed, a surface kernel based on word n-grams and a kernel built on sentence dependency trees; the second task is the ACE RDR evaluation, which is to recognize relations between entities in text from newswire and broadcast news transcript. For this task, five kernels were built to represent information from sentence tokenization, syntactic parsing and dependency parsing. Experimental results for the two tasks will be shown and discussed.
Faculty and staff perceptions of undergraduate mentoring

ABSTRACTThe connection between students and faculty is a recognized component of student belonging and engagement. To better understand how these relationships are formed, we utilized a qualitative...
Shock-wave-induced nucleation leading to crystallization in water

It is well known that super-cooled materials can be crystallized under the application of shock waves. This is the first report describing crystallization from unsaturated liquids. Shock-wave-induced crystallization of salts from environmental ground and sea water samples is explored. A table-top pressure-driven shock tube is utilized so as to produce the required shock waves of Mach numbers 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 2.2 and 4.7. The demonstration comprises a train of acoustic shock pulses applied to the water samples. As a consequence of the impact of the shock waves, the colourless water becomes turbid, following which tiny crystallites are precipitated at the bottom of the vessel after a few minutes. The obtained precipitate is subjected to powder X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis to confirm the nature of the settled particles and the elements present in them, respectively. From the observed results, it is concluded that shock-wave-induced crystallization in water provides an alternative method for removing dissolved salts from both ground and sea water samples.
Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (Rh G-CSF) Administered Before, During and After High Dose Chemotherapy to Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Effect on Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Microenvironment

Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are a group of glycoproteins, termed colony stimulating factors (CSFs) or interleukins (ILs) that are believed to control the proliferation, differentiation and survival of hematopoietic stem and/ or progenitor cells
Computed Tomography Identifies Clinically Unsuspected Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis Complicating Abdominal Aortic Repair.

Background Pancreatitis rarely complicates aortic repair. The aim of the study was to examine the role of imaging in identifying this complication and to characterize pancreatitis occuring in this setting. Methods The radiology information system queried reports for terms pancreatitis, fluid collection, peripancreatic fluid, and aortic/aneurysm/endovascular/open repair from January 2010 through May 2018 and yielded 243 unique patients. Aortic repair and pancreatitis did not occur in temporal proximity (within 30 days) in 227 patients, and three patients had invalid medical record numbers. The final population was 13 patients. Surgical data included indication for repair and surgical approach. Clinical/imaging data points included method of diagnosis, type of pancreatitis, location, management of collections, and patient outcome. Results Thirteen patients (n = 9 male, age 58–76 years) met inclusion criteria. All patients underwent open repair, 9 electively. Acute pancreatitis was first identified by computed tomography in 10 (77%) patients and by serum lipase levels in 3 patients (23%). Necrotizing pancreatitis was present in 10 patients (77%), eight with infected collections (one not sampled). Four patients (31%) had collections fistulizing to the aortic sac, and there was one case of aortic anastomotic pseudoaneurysm. There were 7 deaths (4 septic shock, 1 hemorrhagic pancreatitis, 1 pulmonary embolism, and 1 multiorgan failure) despite 5 of these patients undergoing drainage of collections. In surviving patients, 4 underwent drainage of collections, 1 necrosectomy, and 1 no intervention. Conclusions Pancreatitis complicating aortic repair occurs after open repair and is often necrotizing. Pancreatitis is more often first detected by imaging rather than serum lipase levels. High mortality is more attributable to complications of pancreatitis rather than failure of the aortic repair.
Convolutional Network Analysis of Optical Micrographs for Liquid Crystal Sensors

We provide an in-depth convolutional neural network (CNN) analysis of optical responses of liquid crystals (LCs) when exposed to different chemical environments. Our aim is to identify informative ...
The impact of knowledge, self-efficacy, and stigma on STI testing intention among college students.

Young people represent over half of the new cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) each year in the United States. This study examined how STI knowledge, self-efficacy, and stigma impact S...
Droop and Oscillator Based Grid-Forming Converter Controls: A Comparative Performance Analysis

Two distinct approaches, one droop based phasor domain modeled and the other nonlinear oscillator based time domain modeled, have emerged for the analysis and control of power electronic converters at the system interface layer where these converters are integrating distributed energy resources (DERs). While the droop type controllers are based on distinct time-scale separation of control loops, purposefully slowing down the response of the DERs, the oscillator based controllers deliver fast dynamic response with accurate power sharing capability as well as stability guarantee. In this paper, we analyze both the droop and oscillator type converters in the context of grid forming converters with respect to steady state terminal response, transient stability, and harmonic compensation in converter output current or in network voltage. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the easier implementation of oscillator based controls that can also achieve supplementary control objectives pertinent to power quality.
The role of United States identity in adjustment among Veterans

Given over 2.77 million US service members have been deployed in the past 20 years and the intense process of reintegration to civilian life, understanding factors that contribute to Veterans’ ment...
Thermally-excited fluorescence of strontium products for in-cylinder temperature diagnostics in internal combustion engines

A new optical diagnostic technique for burned gas temperature measurements was introduced using visible thermally-excited fluorescence of strontium monohydroxide (SrOH). The technique is a signific...
Distinguishing the behavioral potencies of α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants

The α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants first came to widespread attention because of bizarre behavior consequent to the use of α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP, "flakka") reported in the popular press. As with other designer drugs, diversification of cathiones has been driven by desireable subjective effects, but also by attempts to stay ahead of legal controls of specific molecules. The α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP) and α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) compounds have been relatively under-investigated relative to α-PVP and provide a key opportunity to also investigate structure-activity relationships, i.e., how the extension of the alpha carbon chain may affect potency or efficacy. Male and female rats were used to contrast the effects of α-PHP and α-PPP with those of α-PVP in altering wheel activity and effects on spontaneous locomotion and body temperature were assessed in female rats. The α-PHP and α-PVP compounds (5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed wheel activity in female and male rats, whereas α-PPP was only effective in female rats. Inhalation of α-PHP or α-PVP by female rats suppressed wheel activity for an abbreviated duration, compared with the injection route. Spontaneous activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner by all three compounds in female rats, and a small decrements in body temperature were observed after the highest dose of all three compounds. These data show that all three of the α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinones exhibit significant stimulant-like activity in both male and female rats. Differences were minor and were mostly in potency and the duration of activity. Abuse liability is therefore likely to be equivalent for all three pyrrolidino-phenones.
Determinants of electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with pectus excavatum.

Abstract Background Electrocardiographic abnormalities such as cardiac axis deviation, conduction abnormalities and ST-segment, and T &P wave abnormalities have been reported in patients with pectus excavatum. The precise determinants of these electrocardiographic abnormalities have however not been systematically evaluated. We therefore carried out this exploratory study to assess the electrocardiographic abnormalities and their determinants in children and young adults with pectus excavatum. Methods Patients aged between 6 and 22 years with unrepaired pectus excavatum were eligible for enrollment in this preliminary hypothesis generating study, if they were seen at University of Chicago Medical Center between Jan 1, 2017 to Nov 30, 2020, and underwent an electrocardiogram during comprehensive evaluation for pectus excavatum. Pertinent data was collected from the medical charts. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine the effect of variables including age, BMI, inspiratory Haller's index, gender, right ventricular geometric distortion and FEV1/FVC (% predicted) on odds of electrocardiographic abnormalities (primary outcome variable). P-values of Results The study group (16.6 ± 2.9 years, 80% symptomatic) consisted of 28 patients [Caucasian, male (n = 24, 86% each)]. A high proportion (86%) of these patients had geometric distortion of the right ventricle on noninvasive imaging and these patients had a higher Haller's index (4.4 ± 0.95 vs 3.3 ± 0.2, p = 0.03). Approximately 60% of the patients had an abnormal electrocardiogram. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to study the determinants of these electrocardiographic abnormalities. Haller's index, BMI, age, gender, geometric distortion of the right ventricle and lung function parameters [FEV1/FEV (% predicted)] were not associated with increased odds of electrocardiographic abnormalities. Conclusions Electrocardiographic abnormalities, particularly deviation of cardiac axis, are common in patients with pectus excavatum. In this exploratory hypothesis generating study, Haller's index and geometric distortion of the right ventricle were not associated with these abnormalities. However, systematic multicentric efforts are needed to better define electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with pectus excavatum and elucidate their precise determinants.
Structural Embeddedness of CEO Social Networks and Firm Exploratory Innovation

While CEOs have been considered as an important driver for firm innovation, current research has not gained many insights on whether CEO social networks can influence various innovation outcomes. I...
Mandarin tone recognition training with cochlear implant simulation: Amplitude envelope enhancement and cue weighting

With limited fundamental frequency (F0) cues, cochlear implant (CI) users recognize Mandarin tones using amplitude envelope. This study investigated whether tone recognition training with amplitude envelope enhancement may improve tone recognition and cue weighting with CIs. Three groups of CI-simulation listeners received training using vowels with amplitude envelope modified to resemble F0 contour (enhanced-amplitude-envelope training), training using natural vowels (natural-amplitude-envelope training), and exposure to natural vowels without training, respectively. Tone recognition with natural and enhanced amplitude envelope cues and cue weighting of amplitude envelope and F0 contour were measured in pre-, post-, and retention-tests. It was found that with similar pre-test performance, both training groups had better tone recognition than the no-training group after training. Only enhanced-amplitude-envelope training increased the benefits of amplitude envelope enhancement in the post- and retention-tests than in the pre-test. Neither training paradigm increased the cue weighting of amplitude envelope and F0 contour more than stimulus exposure. Listeners attending more to amplitude envelope in the pre-test tended to have better tone recognition with enhanced amplitude envelope cues before training and improve more in tone recognition after enhanced-amplitude-envelope training. The results suggest that auditory training and speech enhancement may bring maximum benefits to CI users when combined.
Enantioselective Hydroamination of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes

Asymmetric alkene hydroamination could be a direct route to valuable chiral amines from abundant feedstocks. However, most asymmetric hydroaminations have limited value because they require a large excess of alkene, occur with modest enantioselectivity, and occur with limited tolerance of functional groups. We report an enantioselective, intermolecular hydroamination of unactivated terminal alkenes that occurs with equimolar amounts of alkene and amine, tolerates many functional groups, and occurs in high yield, with high enantioselectivity and turnover numbers. Mechanistic studies revealed factors, including reversibility of the addition, reversible oxidation of the product amine, competing isomerization of the alkene reactant, and unfavorable replacement of sacrificial ligands in standard catalyst precursors by the chiral bisphosphine, that needed to be addressed to achieve enantioselective N–H additions to alkenes.
Incremental validity of the AAQ-II for anxiety disorder symptomology

Abstract Experiential avoidance is conceptualized as a core psychopathological process in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Much of the empirical support for the theoretical conceptualization and efficacy of ACT interventions is based on operationally defining experiential avoidance as scores on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011) and its predecessor, the AAQ ( Hayes et al., 2004 ). However, both measures have been criticized for exhibiting poor discriminant validity from measures of related constructs. The present study sought to evaluate the incremental predictive validity of the AAQ-II for symptoms of panic, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, obsessive compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders after controlling for neuroticism, functional impairment, life satisfaction, anxiety sensitivity, quality of life, positive and negative affect, and distress tolerance in a large sample of adults (n = 552). A series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that AAQ-II scores uniquely predicted anxiety symptoms over and above measures of related constructs for all outcomes except social anxiety. Relative weights analysis revealed that the AAQ-II accounted for 10.5–17.5% of the variance in outcome scores explained by regression models and emerged as one of the top three predictors by relative weight in all five models. The present findings support the empirical and clinical utility of the AAQ-II and indicate that its predictive power for anxiety disorder symptomology is not simply attributable to overlap with measures of related constructs.
The stationarity of the collection of the locally regulars

I analyze various natural assumptions which imply that the set $${\{\omega_1^{L[x]} \mid x \subseteq \omega\}}$${?1L[x]?x⊆?} is stationary in ?1. The focal questions are which implications hold between them, what their consistency strengths are, and which large cardinal assumptions outright imply them.
Diabetes mellitus in elderly patients: Is it different?

From the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Sepulveda Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, California, and the Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California. Dr. Kaiser is a John A. Hartford Faculty Development Award Fellow in Geriatric Medicine. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. John E. Morley, Geriatric Research, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 16111 Plummer Street, Sepulveda, California 91343. Manuscript submitted February 2, 1987, and accepted March 3, 1987. Diabetes mellitus in elderly patients is exceedingly common, with a prevalence in the United States of 6.9 percent in men older than 65 years and 8.9 percent in women older than 65 [I]. Among persons older than 80, 16 to 20 percent have diabetes mellitus [2]. The National Nursing Home Survey estimated that 14.5 percent of nursing home residents have diabetes mellitus [3]. In the United Kingdom, two thirds of all diabetic patients who are hospitalized are older than 65 years [4]. Diabetes mellitus is often missed in the elderly, as demonstrated by a screening program in a Canadian old people’s home, where 32 percent of the residents were reclassified as diabetic over a three-year period [5]. Furthermore, diabetic residents of nursing homes have a higher rate of hospitalization for diabetic complications compared with ambulatory diabetic patients older than 65 [6]. Thus, diabetes mellitus represents one of the major chronic disorders of the growing elderly population. Despite these impressive numbers, little attention has been paid to the special needs of elderly diabetic patients [7].
Introduction of rapid systems prototyping into undergraduate computer engineering curricula

The rapid evolution of the computing industry challenges academic curricula to keep pace in providing students with a modern education. In many existing curricula, laboratories, and textbooks there is a notable lack of recent research advances in CAD, rapid prototyping, and integrated hardware/software design. Many electrical and computer engineering career paths in both industrial research and development as well as academic research require competence in these areas. The paper describes a two quarter undergraduate capstone design class in a computer engineering curriculum. Design groups comprised of students from several different areas of specialization (e.g., software systems, VLSI devices and circuits, and computer architecture) design, simulate, implement, and evaluate a complete computing system. The projects in the current sequence include a pipelined 32 bit RISC processor, a 4 cell systolic array processor and a video game. The goal is to produce simulation and hardware/software codesign as early as possible in the design process. Students execute software on simulation models prior to any hardware implementation. Throughout the sequence, students participate in design reviews, and must provide documentation of their designs. The final designs are implemented in arrays of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) contained in a device called a hardware emulator. This allows for ease of design modifications while still having actual hardware for experimentation.
Co-ordination and fine-tuning of nitrogen fixation in Azotobacter vinelandii

Nitrogen fixation by the free-living organism Azotobacter vinelandii can occur through the activity of three different systems that are genetically distinct but mechanistically related. A combination of bioinformatic and biochemical-genetic studies has revealed that at least 82 different genes are likely to be associated with the formation and regulation of these systems. Studies performed over many years have established that cross-talk occurs between the various nitrogen fixation systems, and that expression and fine-tuning of their activities are integrated with overall cellular physiology. Martinez-Noel and co-workers now report another newly discovered aspect of the process. Evidence is presented to suggest that a nitrogen fixation-specific paralogue of ClpX is used to control the accumulation of proteins involved in formation of a metal-sulphur cluster that provides a nitrogenase active site. The intriguing aspect of this work is that it indicates that the nitrogen fixation-associated ClpX must recruit ClpP, for which a paralogue is not duplicated within any of the nitrogen fixation regions of the genome, to achieve its function related to nitrogen fixation. Inspection of the A. vinelandii genome indicates that such recruitment of cellular housekeeping components is a common feature used to integrate nitrogen fixation with global cellular physiology.
Unanticipated fetal risks in the perineal stage of labor.

Abstract The obstetrician has every reason to expect a normal infant once the vertex has reached the perineum after a normal labor and an uncomplicated antepartum course. The authors have found, however, that hazards still face the infant at this time. A study was undertaken to determine the number and nature of these unanticipated full-term fetal deaths which occurred in the terminal phase of labor. From 1932 through 1949, 52,120 full-term deliveries were conducted at the New York Lying-In Hospital. In this group were 1,135 full-term fetal deaths, of which 775 were stillborn or deadborn. Thirty-eight, or 5 per cent, satisfied the criteria of this study and could be called unanticipated fetal deaths. Cord complications ranked highest; 14 infants were asphyxiated from anoxia secondary to cord coils around the neck or shoulder. In addition, 1 vasa previa, 1 intrauterine rupture of the umbilical cord, and 1 prolapse of the cord contributed to the fetal mortality. In this group short cord was of no particular significance. Late premature separation of the placenta followed with 6 cases. No compensatory acceleration of the fetal heartbeat, as described by Richardson, 11 was detected. Although a short cord is believed to be a major contributing factor we were unable to substantiate this claim. Examination of the placenta did not reveal any consistent abnormality. Shoulder dystocia was responsible for 4 deaths and occurred in infants between 4,600 and 6,280 grams. Though theoretically complicated by excessive weight, we have included this group since estimation of the fetal size is a difficult problem. Prolonged second stage and excessive sedation each added 3 cases to the group. Some question as to the interpretation of these cases would, undoubtedly, exist, but when consideration was given to each individual case the authors felt that they should be placed in one or the other category. Finally, no apparent cause for fetal death could be found in 5 cases. Fetal death was always signaled by a bradycardia and never a tachycardia. The presence of fresh meconium coupled with fetal heart deceleration heralds profound and terminal asphyxia, but an absence of meconium does not preclude anoxia in the presence of a bradycardia. A brief discussion of the physiological aspects of anoxia relative to this problem is presented. Consideration of the management of the perineal stage of labor and subsequent delivery has also been considered.
Control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis: Is it time to change strategies?

Abstract Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is an important emerging parasitic disease. This article reviews the recommended control methods for the disease and concludes that they have only been partially effective. The continued endemicity of ZVL, its recent appearance in urban areas of Latin America, and its increasing importance as an opportunistic infection among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus indicate that present control methods for the disease are ineffective and that new control strategies are needed. Prevention of the disease in dogs appears to be the best approach for interrupting the domestic cycle of ZVL. The most feasible approach would seem to be a canine vaccine that protects dogs from developing parasitemia and from becoming peridomestic reservoirs of the parasite.