cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical therapy services in rural hospital settings.

Over the past decade in the southern Illinois area there has been an increasing problem of low supply of registered physical therapists. This lack of physical therapist manpower has meant the near extinction of full-time physical therapists in small rural hospitals. These hospitals have dealt with this problem primarily through the contracting of private physical therapists on a visiting basis of one to three days a week. Currently, 6 out of 12 hospitals in the southern Illinois area use the services of a private contracting physical therapist on a part-time basis, ranging from 4 to 24 hours a week. Often this frequency sufficed. However, if the coverage were not available or if it was provided by physical therapy aides (whose services are not reimbursed by Medicare), then the physical therapy service was eliminated; thus, the patient did not receive the needed services in that particular hospital setting.…
A methodology for optimal placement of sensors in enclosed environments: A dynamical systems approach.

Abstract Air quality has been an important issue in public health for many years. Sensing the level and distributions of impurities help in the control of building systems and mitigate long term health risks. Rapid detection of infectious diseases in large public areas like airports and train stations may help limit exposure and aid in reducing the spread of the disease. Complete coverage by sensors to account for any release scenario of chemical or biological warfare agents may provide the opportunity to develop isolation and evacuation plans that mitigate the impact of the attack. All these scenarios involve strategic placement of sensors to promptly detect and rapidly respond. This paper presents a data driven sensor placement algorithm based on a dynamical systems approach. The approach utilizes the finite dimensional Perron-Frobenius (PF) concept. The PF operator (or the Markov matrix) is used to construct an observability gramian that naturally incorporates sensor accuracy, location constraints, and sensing constraints. The algorithm determines the response times, sensor coverage maps, and the number of sensors needed. The utility of the procedure is illustrated using four examples: a literature example of the flow field inside an aircraft cabin and three air flow fields in different geometries. The effect of the constraints on the response times for different sensor placement scenarios is investigated. Knowledge of the response time and coverage of the multiple sensors aides in the design of mechanical systems and response mechanisms. The methodology provides a simple process for place sensors in a building, analyze the sensor coverage maps and response time necessary during extreme events, as well as evaluate indoor air quality. The theory established in this paper also allows for future work in topics related to construction of classical estimator problems for the sensors, real-time contaminant transport, and development of agent dispersion, contaminant isolation/removal, and evacuation strategies.
Book Review: Gay Male Pornography: An Issue of Sex Discrimination, by Christopher N. Kendall

In Gay Male Pornography: An Issue of Sex Discrimination, Christopher Kendall, Dean of Law at Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia, argues forcefully that much gay male pornography disserves the cause of gay liberation and women's equality by idealizing gender roles that subordinate both women and gay men. Dean Kendall's description of certain types of gay pornography raises troubling questions about its ultimate worth as a vehicle for gay self-expression and identity-formation. Moreover, stories of the performers' lives, as recounted by Kendall, reveal the potential for personal destruction implicit in the commercialization of sex. Kendall marshals these arguments in support of an equality-based rationale for suppressing the types of gay pornography that cause these harms. Still, Gay Male Pornography overstates the argument. Much of the gender-reversal present in gay pornography, in which men play both dominant and submissive roles, destabilizes the connection between biology and gender roles, and thus subtly undermines those roles themselves. This destabilization helps both women and gay men. More generally, gay erotica can play an important role both for adult gay men and for younger gay men coming to acknowledge their sexual orientation. Thus, suppression of such material may cause its own harms, especially given that a market economy may not produce a significant amount of gay erotica of the type Kendall believes to be non-harm producing. Even more fundamentally, equality-based rationales for suppressing gay pornography will inevitably lead to over-suppression. The vagueness of the criteria Kendall uses to distinguish between suppressible pornography and harmless (indeed, useful) gay erotica creates a situation in which homophobic judges and law enforcement officers can suppress much speech that even Kendall might agree is beneficial. Indeed, that vagueness would likely cause over and under-inclusive regulation even by well-meaning government officials. His own critique of particular applications of Canada's equality-based pornography suppression law unwittingly reveals the indeterminacy of the criteria he would use to distinguish between protected and non-protected material. Despite these failings, Gay Male Pornography is a useful addition to the literature. It raises difficult questions about the gay community's embrace and defense of troubling material. Kendall does a service by making the strongest possible argument for government regulation, even if, in the review's opinion, that argument ultimately fails.
Ten tips toward tenure: Advice for the professional journey

The day I received my letter of recommendation for tenure and promotion, I was surprised. Surprised, but not for the myriad reasons one might conjure. While I was fairly certain that the outcome would be positive, there was still that last bit of nagging doubt until I saw it in print. When the letter arrived, naturally I felt relief; I felt happy. But there was another feeling that I hadn’t expected. I felt like I belonged; the kind of belonging that a child feels when they are invited to come and sit at the adults’ dinner table. I felt taller . . .
Visualizing Quaternions

This intermediate-level tutorial provides a comprehensive approach to the visualization of quaternions and their relationships to computer graphics and scientific visualization. The introduction focuses on a selection of everyday phenomena involving rotating objects whose explanation for an audience that is technically trained but not pure mathematicians is essentially impossible without a quaternion visualization. The course will then pursue selected examples of quaternion-based visualization methods to help explain the behavior of quaternion manifolds: quaternion representations of orientation frames attached to curves, surfaces, and volumes.
Single or multiple decontamination interventions involving lauric arginate on beef trimmings to enhance microbial safety of ground beef

Inoculated (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and 6 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains and Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 and Salmonella Newport multidrug-resistant AmpC; 105 cfu/mL) beef trimmings (1.6 kg/treatment per replicate) were treated with lauric arginate (LA; 5%) alone or followed by 0.4% cetylpyridinum chloride (LAC), 4% sodium metasilicate (LAN), 0.02% peroxyacetic acid (LAP), 10% trisodium phosphate (LAT), or sterile water (LAW). Uninoculated (CON) and inoculated untreated (INCON) control trimmings along with treated trimmings were individually ground and 200-g samples were overwrap-packaged and stored under simulated retail conditions (4 °C) until sampled on d 0, 1, 2, and 3 of display for microbiological analysis and CIE L*, a*, and b* measurements (n = 3/sample). All treatments had lower (P 0.05) L* to CON. Lauric arginate alone (LA) or followed by water (LAW) surpassed (P 0.05) a* to CON and INCON samples. The results suggest that LA alone or followed by selected antimicrobials on beef trimmings may provide successful decontamination interventions to enhance microbial quality of consequent ground beef without adverse effects on ground beef color.
Novel Patterning Method for Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Thermal-Evaporated Organic Light Emitting Diodes.

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) mesh has been used as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices. However, the lack of practical patterning techniques for the random percolating nanowire network has limited its applications in devices where a well-defined pixel is required. Here, by controlling the surface wetting properties of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) release template, we are able to pattern the random AgNWs network with uniform conducting property; and due to the hydrophobic recovery nature of PDMS, a multilayer patterning and transferring process can be realized, resulting in a fine-patterned, smooth, and uniform AgNWs mesh/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composite electrode. A thermal-evaporated organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is directly fabricated onto the patterned AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS composite electrode. The device shows well-defined pixel edges and a uniformly lighted pixel area. A uniform OLED with very low leakage current is realized. The enhanced efficienc...
Ionic current and polarization effect in TlBr

Thallium bromide (TlBr) is an ionic semiconductor that has shown great capacity for accurate radiation detection. Its application to this end, however, has been hampered by degradation of performance over time, in a process called polarization. This effect has been traditionally assigned to a build-up of ions at the electrodes, which would counteract an applied electrical bias field. Here, we estimate the ionic mobility in TlBr and its possible association with the polarization effect using parameter-free quantum simulations. Our results indicate that in samples with up to moderate levels of impurities, ions cannot traverse distances large enough to generate zones of accumulation and depletion in the crystal, suggesting different causes for the polarization effect.
Optimal Heavy Fuel Direct Injection analysis in a Rotary Engine using a Computational Combustion Model

A numerical computational model was developed to replicate the single rotor rotary engine with all three chambers. A Mesh was generated using GAMBIT 2.4. Dynamic mesh motion was defined using a user defined motion profile inside the ANSYS FLUENT. The combustion model used can represent both injection and spark ignition models simultaneously. A parametric study was performed followed by an optimum injection analysis to understand the effects of the injector and the spark plug.
Cruise line efficiency An analysis of seven cruise lines’ operational efficiency

The cruise industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years and has become one of the most dynamic and fastest growing segments of the tourism industry. In light of this rapid growth, this study examined four dimensions of operational efficiency: occupancy rate and passengers carried per stateroom, passengers per ship, and passengers per 1000 gross registered tons. Over 7000 voyages on Carnival Cruise Line, Celebrity Cruise Line, Disney Cruise Line, Holland America Cruise Line, Norwegian Cruise Line, Princess Cruise Line, and Royal Caribbean Cruise Line were analyzed. Results highlighting unique dimensions where some cruise lines are more efficient than others are presented as well as potential reasons for the increased efficiency.
Structural Analysis of Amphibian, Insect, and Plant Host Defense Peptides Inspires the Design of Novel Therapeutic Molecules

Host defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the key components of innate immune systems of both invertebrates and vertebrates. They play an important role in preventing microbial invasion and regulating immune response. This chapter intends to identify nature’s peptide design strategies based on a structural analysis of select AMPs from amphibians, insects, and plants. The plant kingdom and amphibian/insect classes have 250–1000 peptide entries in the antimicrobial peptide database. Both insects and plants deploy AMPs with a variety of structural scaffolds (α-helix, β-sheet, αβ-structure, and non-αβ structure). In contrast, amphibians make numerous defense peptides (combinatory libraries) based almost solely on the classic amphipathic α-helix structure. Thus, these 3-D structures suggest two general strategies for peptide discovery: (1) screening a library of peptides with a fixed backbone structure and (2) rational design by selecting a structural scaffold with a known target (e.g., cell walls, membranes, ribosomes, or nucleic acids). It is demonstrated that peptide library screening can be combined with structure-based design to better achieve the molecular design goals.
Unilateral Vesicoureteral Reflux and Unilateral Nonfunctioning Kidney Associated with Posterior Urethral Valves—A Syndrome?

Abstract From 1964 to 1982 we treated 8 patients with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux and posterior urethral valves. The majority of these ureters with reflux are associated with ipsilateral renal nonfunction and prompt upper tract decompression appears to salvage few such kidneys. Contralateral function has been excellent and the long-term prognosis appears good. Of the 8 patients 6 ultimately underwent nephrectomy. Surprisingly, there was no evidence for true dysplasia or significant inflammation in these specimens. The segmental changes were most consistent with an acquiredprocess, secondary to reflux rather than primary dysplasia.
Application of structural equation mixture modeling to characterize the latent structure of eating pathology

Objective Several theoretical models describe the structure of eating disorders (EDs), and a burgeoning empirical literature has sought to identify whether eating pathology is conceptualized best as categorical (presence or absence of disorder), dimensional (continuous), or a hybrid of categories and dimensions. Methods This study used structural equation mixture modeling (SEMM) to identify the latent structure of EDs. Items from the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) were administered to individuals with EDs (N = 344). Select EPSI scales and body mass index were indicators in subsequent SEMM analyses. The Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS), ED diagnoses, and select demographic variables were used as validators using chi-square or MANOVA. Results Categorical models fit the data better than latent dimensional or hybrid models. Latent profile 1 (LP1) was non-fat-phobic restricting anorexia nervosa; LP2, an obese, binge-eating class; LP3, non-purging bulimia nervosa; LP4, fat-phobic restricting anorexia nervosa; and LP5, multiple purging bulimia nervosa. External validation analyses indicated that LP4 and LP5 had the highest non-ED-related psychopathology. Discussion These findings indicate that there is substantial variability in the phenomenology of traditional DSM-based ED categories across latent profiles, and highlight the salience of certain ED phenotypes that have been debated in the literature. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:542–550)
Nicolau syndrome after lumbar puncture: A case report in a 22-month-old girl

Nicolau syndrome (NS) is a rare, aseptic cutaneous necrosis that may involve the subcutaneous and muscle tissue layers.1 This syndrome is associated with intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intra-articular injections of antibiotics, local anesthetics, glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyaluronic acid, vaccinations, and vitamins.2, 3, 4, 5 NS presents as an immediate and severe pain at the injection site and a clearly demarcated livedolike discoloration of the skin that progresses to cutaneous necrosis with potential involvement of the underlying tissues.2, 3 Although the pathophysiology of NS is debated, multiple theories implicate occlusion of cutaneous vessels after iatrogenic insult as an inciting cause.1, 2 Here, we present the first case, to our knowledge, of NS caused by lumbar puncture.
Outcomes of patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with pazopanib after progression on other targeted therapies (TT): A single-institution experience.

4615 Background: Pazopanib is an approved multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) compared to placebo in treatment-naive and cytokine-refractory mRCC. Outcomes...
Ag2O/TiO2 Nanocomposite Heterostructure as a Dual Functional Semiconducting Substrate for SERS/SEIRAS Application

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) are complementary and powerful techniques for molecular characterization and detection. However, studies on substrates that can enhance both Raman and IR singles are extremely scanty. Here, we reported a hybrid semiconductor material (Ag2O/TiO2) coupled with a portable solid support served as a dual functional platform for both SERS and SEIRAS applications. A facile two-step deposition method was used to synthesize Ag2O/TiO2 nanocomposite on a flexible polymeric membrane without bringing any external chemical capping agent and background signal. The presence of Ag2O was proposed to enrich the photogenerated electrons onto TiO2 surface and facilitate the photon-induced charge transfer (PICT) between TiO2 and adsorbate. The heterostructure of Ag2O/TiO2 could bring additional enhancement. The enhancement factor from such hybrid semiconducting substrate was at least one or two orders of magnitude over tra...
Fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism associated with tau-amyloid interaction predicts memory decline

Objective The aim of this article was to evaluate in normal older adults and preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) the impact of amyloid and regional tauopathy on cerebral glucose metabolism and subsequent memory decline. Methods We acquired positron emission tomography using F18 flortaucipir (tau), C11 Pittsburgh compound B (amyloid), and F18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in 90 clinically normal elderly of the Harvard Aging Brain Study. Results Posterior cingulate metabolism decreased when both amyloid and neocortical tau were high and predicted subsequent memory decline in a larger sample of normal elderly. In contrast, frontal hypometabolism related to the common age-related entorhinal tauopathy, but this dysfunction was independent of amyloid, and did not predict significant memory decline. Neocortical tauopathy was positively associated with metabolism in individuals with subthreshold amyloid, suggesting that glucose metabolism increases before decreasing in the course of preclinical AD. Interpretation Our study identified a synergistic effect of amyloid and tau deposits and demonstrated, for the first time, in normal elderly its link to AD-like hypometabolism and to AD-like memory decline. The amyloid effect was observed with tau in neocortex, but not with tau in entorhinal cortex, which is the common site of age-related tauopathy. Entorhinal tau was associated with frontal hypometabolism, but this dysfunction was not associated with memory loss. Ann Neurol 2017;81:583–596
Diastereoselective Construction of Densely Functionalized 1‐Halocyclopentenes Using an Alkynyl Halo‐Prins/Halo‐Nazarov Cyclization Strategy

A diastereoselective two-step strategy for the synthesis of densely functionalized 1-halocyclopentenes with several chiral centers has been developed. In the first step, a multicomponent alkynyl halo-Prins reaction joins an enyne, a carbonyl derivative, and either a chloride, bromide, or iodide to produce a cyclic ether intermediate. In the subsequent step, the intermediate is ionized to generate a halopentadienyl cation, which undergoes an interrupted halo-Nazarov cyclization. The products contain three new contiguous stereogenic centers, generated with a high level of stereocontrol, as well as a vinyl halide allowing for additional functionalization. The strategy creates two new carbon–carbon bonds, one carbon–halide bond, and one carbon–oxygen bond.
Transient Heat Conduction

So far, we have considered only steady-state problems. In this chapter, we consider cases in which the temperature can vary with time. We have seen in Chapter 4 that when problems have more than one dimension, it can become difficult to solve the heat conduction equation. Time is a dimension, so introducing time as a variable introduces difficulties analogous to those introduced in Chapter 4. Accordingly, as in Chapter 4, we seek specific situations which can be treated relatively easily and introduce numerical procedures to handle other cases.
Neighborhood Racial Composition, Public Goods Provision, and Homeowners Associations: Bridging the Literatures and Future Directions for Research

Abstract This study bridges literature related to neighborhood racial composition, public goods provision, and the growth of homeowners associations (HOAs) across several disciplines including real estate, political science, public administration, economics, urban studies, and sociology. These literatures have cross-disciplinary findings relevant to additional study within each field. I gather the findings to provide real estate professionals and academics with an opportunity to learn about research developments. Additionally, this review should serve as a starting point for relevant citations and research findings for professionals and academics interested in how public goods and racial composition relate to housing and HOAs. I also offer directions for future research regarding the intersections of these literatures.
Effects of rodent abundance and richness on cache pilfering

Scatterhoarding is a common behavioral strategy to conserve food during periods of scarcity, but this type of food storage is vulnerable to theft or pilferage. A variety of environmental factors and cache characteristics influence the rate of pilferage. Here we investigate 2 environmental factors, which heretofore have not received much attention: the abundance and species richness of scatterhoarding animals in the vicinity of scatterhoarded seeds. We measured the rate of cache pilferage at 7 sites that differed in the number and species composition of granivorous rodents in western Nevada using local native seeds and sunflower seeds. We found that there was no difference between the pilferage rate of native seeds and sunflower seeds, but that sites with different rodent abundances had different pilferage rates. Pilferage rates were proportional to the abundance of scatterhoarding rodents. Scatterhoarding rodents removed seeds at the rate of 1.3%/day/rodent individual. Species richness of scatterhoarding rodents was not correlated with rates of pilferage. These results suggest that density-dependent competition for scatterhoarded seeds is a strong determinant of pilferage rates.
Management of foot and ankle injuries in pediatric and adolescent athletes: a narrative review

In this review, we focus on the treatment of injuries to the foot and ankle in the adolescent athlete. While many injuries in the adolescent foot and ankle are similar to or overlap with their counterparts in the adult population, the anatomy of the adolescent ankle, especially the presence of growth plates, results in different injury patterns in many cases and calls for specific management approaches. We discuss the unique anatomy of the pediatric patient as well as the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of common injuries in the young athlete.
Autoimmune comorbidities in patients with metastatic melanoma: a retrospective analysis of us claims data

Immunotherapies have advanced the treatment of metastatic melanoma; however, they are associated with immune-related toxicities. Patients with pre-existing autoimmune comorbidities are commonly excluded from clinical trials investigating immunotherapies in metastatic melanoma. Since information on pre-existing autoimmune comorbidities in “real-world” patients with newly diagnosed metastatic melanoma is limited, we sought to estimate the prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities and its change over time. Data were obtained from a large US claims database, MarketScan®, from 2004 to 2014. Records of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic or non-metastatic melanoma and of general population were analyzed. Autoimmune comorbidities were defined as presence of autoimmune disorders, which were obtained from the list of diseases at the American Autoimmune-Related Diseases Association web portal ( www.aarda.org ). The prevalence of pre-existing autoimmune comorbidities and its change over the 11-year period were calculated. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between clinical and demographic factors and pre-existing autoimmune comorbidities in patients with metastatic melanoma. This study assessed the prevalence and change of prevalence over a period of 11 years of 147 autoimmune comorbidities. Among 12,028 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic melanoma, the prevalence rate of pre-existing autoimmune comorbidities increased from 17.1% in 2004 to 28.3% in 2014 (P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of autoimmune comorbidities increased from 11.7% in 2004 to 19.8% in 2014 in patients with non-metastatic melanoma and 7.9% in 2004 to 9.2% in 2014 in the general population. In addition, patients with bone or gastrointestinal melanoma metastases, those with more comorbid diseases, or female patients, were found to have a higher risk of autoimmune comorbidities. The prevalence of pre-existing autoimmune comorbidities in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic melanoma was high, and increased over 11 years. In comparison, a lower prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities was seen in patients with newly diagnosed non-metastatic melanoma and in the general population. Increases in prevalence for these population groups were also observed over 11 years. Impact of autoimmune comorbidities on treatment decisions in patients with metastatic melanoma should be explored.
Missed Opportunities to Prescribe Preexposure Prophylaxis in South Carolina, 2013–2016

Background Expanding use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in ways that address current racial/ethnic disparities is an important human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention goal. We investigated missed opportunities to provide PrEP during healthcare visits that occur prior to HIV infection. Methods This retrospective cohort study linked South Carolina HIV case surveillance data to 3 statewide healthcare databases. Characteristics of patients, healthcare visits and providers, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and other diagnoses were assessed for medical encounters occurring before an initial HIV diagnosis. Adjusted odds ratios were used to identify correlates of missed opportunities for PrEP provision. Results Of 885 persons newly diagnosed during the study period, 586 (66%) had 4029 visits to a healthcare facility prior to their HIV diagnosis (mean of 6.9 visits) with missed opportunities for provision of PrEP. Emergency medicine-trained clinicians conducted (61%) and primary care clinicians (family practice or internal medicine) conducted 10% of visits. Also, 42% of visits were by persons who were uninsured or self-paid, 36% had public insurance, and 18% had commercial insurance. In multivariable analyses, being female, black, or aged <30 years were statistically significant predictors of having prior healthcare visits. Among persons with at least 1 healthcare visit prior to their HIV diagnosis, 28.5% had a diagnosis of gonorrhea, syphilis, or chlamydia at any visit. Conclusions Healthcare visits occurring among persons who would benefit from provision of PrEP, especially persons with diagnosed STDs, should be leveraged to increase use of PrEP and reduce the risk of HIV acquisition.
Putting 200 Million People “on the Map”: Evolving Methods and Tools

Accurate maps play a critical role in understanding human communities, particularly in post-disaster settings and for populations at risk. While open geospatial data has become more common over the past decade, additional work is necessary to map vulnerable communities before a disaster or crisis occurs. As part of their Missing Maps project, the American Red Cross and its partner organizations are actively working to map 200 million of the world’s vulnerable people by 2021, creating open map data for anyone to access, use, and update. This paper (1) describes the project’s remote and field mapping methods, (2) outlines the technical tools developed for the project, (3) highlights how humanitarian and development organizations can adapt these tools and methods to other initiatives, and (4) explores current challenges and research questions surrounding mapping initiatives focused on the Global South. In doing so, this paper provides an overview of current trends in crowdsourced mapping and emerging data collection methods, with the aim to share tools and experiences with others in the humanitarian community.
Preparing Sustainability-Literate Teachers

Background/Context: This article explores sustainability as an emerging paradigm for preservice preparation of teachers. Sustainability education, which is rooted in Deweyan ideas about the fundamental social purposes of schooling, attends to the tensions created by the interconnectedness of environmental, economic, and social equity systems. Sustainability education extends but does not replace environmental education or education for sustainable development, although the latter is considered a problematic idea. Purpose/ Focus of Study: Nine themes that occur frequently in the sustainability discourse are explored as the basis for sustainability literacy, a complex construct validated through collection of multiple sources of evidence. Specific strategies for integrating sustainability education into the preservice preparation of teachers are linked to a framework for teacher learning that addresses curricular vision, understandings about teaching, dispositions, and professional practices. Research Design: The article is an analytic essay that examines existing literature in the area of sustainability education and maps this work onto current research pertaining to the preparation of beginning teachers. Conclusions: Sustainability education represents a new paradigm for the preparation of teachers. It can help new teachers develop a curricular vision that addresses the fundamental social purposes of education in the context of an uncertain 21st century. Sustainability education also can stimulate a conversation about the role of teacher education in the creation and solution of global environmental and social justice challenges.
Actor-eUML for concurrent programming

The advent of multi-core processors offers an opportunity to increase the usage of Executable UML. Researchers are advocating the division of software systems into a productivity layer and an efficiency layer to shield mainstream programmers from the complexities of parallelism. Such separation of application and platform concerns is the foundation of Executable UML. To leverage this opportunity, an approach to Executable UML must address the complexity of the UML standard and provide a formal model of concurrency. In this paper, we introduce the Actor-eUML model and formalize the mapping between actors in the Actor model and Executable UML agents (active objects) by unifying the semantics of actor behavior and the hierarchical state machine (HSM) semantics of Executable UML agents. The UML treatment of concurrency is simplified, and the Actor model is extended to enable a set of actor behaviors to specify the HSM for an Executable UML active class.
Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, Audit Planning and Engagement Quality Review

Planning the audit includes establishing the overall audit strategy for the engagement and developing an audit plan, which includes, in particular, planned risk assessment procedures and planned responses to the risks of material misstatement. The auditing standards of the AICPA as well as those from the PCAOB must be strictly observed.
A phase-field modeling for brittle fracture and crack propagation based on the cell-based smoothed finite element method

Abstract This work develops a phase field model in the framework of cell-based smoothed finite element method (CS-FEM) aiming to solve problems of brittle fracture in solids. The phase-field method is employed to model complex discontinuous behaviors including crack initiation, crack coalescence, crack branching without using any ad hoc models. The CS-FEM which has been proven softer than the standard FEM is used to solve the equations that govern the continuum mechanics of solids. The current CS-FEM phase field method offers advantages of both S-FEM and phase field method in accurately predicting the evolution process of complex fracture patterns in solids. This CS-FEM phase-field technique is implemented in the commercial software ABAQUS using its user-element (UEL) and user-material (UMAT) modules. The coupled non-linear system of equations is solved by the built-in solver by decoupling the phase and displacement field parameters. Several examples have been presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the present method.
Mechanisms of soft and hard electrophile toxicities.

Abstract Electron-deficient chemicals (electrophiles) react with compounds that have one or more unshared valence electron pairs (nucleophiles). The resulting covalent reactions between electrophiles and nucleophiles (e.g., Michael addition, SN2 reactions) are important, not only to Organic Chemistry, but also to the fields of Molecular Biology and Toxicology. Specifically, covalent bond formation is the operational basis of many critically important cellular processes; e.g., enzyme function, neurotransmitter release, and membrane-vesicle fusion. Given this context it is understandable that these reactions are also relevant to Toxicology, since a significant number of xenobiotic chemicals are toxic electrophiles that can react with endogenous nucleophilic residues. Therefore, the purpose of this Review is to discuss electrophile-nucleophile chemistry as it pertains to cell injury and resulting organ toxicity. Our discussion will involve an introduction to the Hard and Soft, Acids and Bases (HSAB) theory of Pearson. The HSAB concept provides a framework for calculation of quantum chemical parameters that classify the electrophile and nucleophile covalent components according to their respective electronic nature (softness/hardness) and reactivity (electrophilicity/nucleophilicity). The calculated quantum indices in conjunction with corroborative in vivo, in chemico (cell free) and in vitro research can offer an illuminating approach to mechanistic discovery. Accordingly, we will provide examples that demonstrate how this approach has been used to discern mechanisms and sites of electrophile action.
Are prostate cancer patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations safe for active surveillance

19Background: Active surveillance (AS) is recommended as a treatment option for men presenting with low risk (Gleason 3+3) and some intermediate risk (Gleason 3+4) prostate cancer. BRCA1 or 2 germl...
Toward Inclusive Mathematics Education: A Metatheoretical Reflection about Countering Ableism in Mathematics Standards and Curriculum.

This article documents efforts to advance inclusive mathematics education practices involving the introduction of equity-oriented resources in state-level mathematics standards guidance documents i...
Looking in the Mirror: Helping Adolescents Talk More Reflectively during Portfolio Presentations.

Background/ContextPortfolio assessment is a popular form of authentic assessment, but often portfolios become simply folders full of papers rather than student reflections on their work.Purpose/Obj...
NET-EXPO: A Gephi Plugin Towards Social Network Analysis of Network Exposure for Unipartite and Bipartite Graphs.

Social network analysis (SNA) concerns itself in studying network structures in relation to individuals’ behavior. Individuals may be influenced by their network members in their behavior, and thus past researchers have developed computational methods that allow us to measure the extent to which individuals are exposed to members with certain behavior within one’s social network, and that be correlated with their own behavior. Some of these methods include network exposure model, affiliation exposure model, and decomposed network exposure models. We developed a Gephi plugin that computes and visualizes these various kinds of network exposure models called NET-EXPO. We experimented with NET-EXPO on some social network datasets to demonstrate its pragmatic use in social network research. This plugin has the potential to equip researchers with a tool to compute network exposures in a user friendly way and simplify the process to compute and visualize the network data.
Small group use of communication technologies: a comparison of modality on group outcomes

Technology is an essential, and inevitable, component of group work and, as technology evolves, it is necessary to understand the impacts of various communication technologies on group outcomes. Gr...
Enhancing Cartesian genetic programming through preferential selection of larger solutions

We demonstrate how the efficiency of Cartesian genetic programming methods can be enhanced through the preferential selection of phenotypically larger solutions among equally good solutions. The advantage is demonstrated in two qualitatively different problems: the eight-bit parity problems and the “Paige” regression problem. In both cases, the preferential selection of larger solutions provides an advantage in term of the performance and of speed, i.e. number of evaluations required to evolve optimal or high-quality solutions. Performance can be further enhanced by self-adapting the mutation rate through the one-fifth success rule. Finally, we demonstrate that, for problems like the Paige regression in which neutrality plays a smaller role, performance can be further improved by preferentially selecting larger solutions also among candidates with similar fitness.
Cellular senescence in age-related disorders

Much of the population is now faced with an enormous burden of age-associated chronic diseases. Recent discoveries in geroscience indicate that healthspan in model organisms such as mice can be manipulated by targeting cellular senescence, a hallmark mechanism of aging, defined as an irreversible proliferative arrest that occurs when cells experience oncogenic or other diverse forms of damage. Senescent cells and their proinflammatory secretome have emerged as contributors to age-related tissue dysfunction and morbidity. Cellular senescence has causal roles in mediating osteoporosis, frailty, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, renal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic dysfunction. Therapeutically targeting senescent cells in mice can prevent, delay, or alleviate each of these conditions. Therefore, senotherapeutic approaches, including senolytics and senomorphics, that either selectively eliminate senescent cells or interfere with their ability to promote tissue dysfunction, are gaining momentum as potential realistic strategies to abrogate human senescence to thereby compress morbidity and extend healthspan.
Tensor Completion through Total Variation with Initialization from Weighted HOSVD

In our paper, we have studied the tensor completion problem when the sampling pattern is deterministic. We first propose a simple but efficient weighted HOSVD algorithm for recovery from noisy observations. Then we use the weighted HOSVD result as an initialization for the total variation. We have proved the accuracy of the weighted HOSVD algorithm from theoretical and numerical perspectives. In the numerical simulation parts, we also showed that by using the proposed initialization, the total variation algorithm can efficiently fill the missing data for images and videos.
Genetic algorithm optimization of tin–copper graded shielding for improved plutonium safeguards measurements

Abstract Plutonium nuclear material safeguards is essential to ensure that states do not divert plutonium to clandestine nuclear weapons programs. Traditional safeguards methods rely on correlated neutron measurements. Detection systems based on organic scintillators, which are sensitive to fast neutrons and photons, are gaining support for use in safeguards applications due to increased capabilities and shorter measurement times compared to the current state-of-the-art. A drawback of organic scintillators in plutonium measurements is data throughput limitations; 241Am builds up in plutonium samples and emits 60-keV gamma rays with a high specific activity. In this work, a genetic algorithm is used to design graded shielding made of tin and copper to attenuate the 60-keV gamma rays. The shield is designed to limit the attenuation of the higher-energy, fission photons, because fission photons can be used as a signature. The genetic algorithm optimization takes days to run, while a complete search space exploration would take years. The genetic algorithm was run for different levels of 60-keV gamma-ray attenuation, and the thickness of the required shielding layers was determined at each level. Tin–copper shielding was placed in front of an array of organic scintillation detectors for a measurement of approximately 4.5 kg of alpha-phase, weapons-grade plutonium, an AmLi source, and a 252Cf source. We show that the shield successfully attenuated low-energy, non-fission gamma rays, which significantly improved the organic scintillator performance.
Fault Response of Distributed Energy Resources Considering the Requirements of IEEE 1547-2018

Inverter-based DER responses to faults on the electric power system are different than those of conventional generators and are often poorly understood. Inverter fault responses are largely software-defined, within physics-based constraints. DERs are regulated by standards and grid codes that also constrain their responses. Though fault response of DERs will vary widely, for any DER following any particular standard, a pattern of fault response can be synthesized by observing that particular standard. In this paper, the recently published IEEE 1547-2018 is examined to explore the general fault response of any DER that follows IEEE 1547-2018. Additionally, an IEEE 1547-2018 compliant inverter model is developed and tested in simulation to find the fault response, and that response is compared with the fault response of a commercial off-the-shelf inverter.
The role of socioeconomic status on outcomes following cerebellopontine angle tumor resection.

It is well documented that the interaction between many social factors can affect clinical outcomes. However, the independent effects of economics on outcomes following surgery are not well underst...
The Importance of Time Metric Precision When Implementing Bivariate Latent Change Score Models.

The literature on latent change score models does not discuss the importance of using a precise time metric when structuring the data. This study examined the influence of time metric precision on ...
Gas Foil Bearing Misalignment and Unbalance Effects

The effects of misalignment and unbalance on gas foil bearings are presented. The future of U.S. space exploration includes plans to conduct science missions aboard space vehicles, return humans to the Moon, and place humans on Mars. All of these endeavors are of long duration, and require high amounts of electrical power for propulsion, life support, mission operations, etc. One potential source of electrical power of sufficient magnitude and duration is a nuclear-fission-based system. The system architecture would consist of a nuclear reactor heat source with the resulting thermal energy converted to electrical energy through a dynamic power conversion and heat rejection system. Various types of power conversion systems can be utilized, but the Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) turboalternator is one of the leading candidates. In the CBC, an inert gas heated by the reactor drives a turboalternator, rejects excess heat to space through a heat exchanger, and returns to the reactor in a closed loop configuration. The use of the CBC for space power and propulsion is described in more detail in the literature (Mason, 2003). In the CBC system just described, the process fluid is a high pressure inert gas such as argon, krypton, or a helium-xenon mixture. Due to the closed loop nature of the system and the associated potential for damage to components in the system, contamination of the working fluid is intolerable. Since a potential source of contamination is the lubricant used in conventional turbomachinery bearings, Gas Foil Bearings (GFB) have high potential for the rotor support system. GFBs are compliant, hydrodynamic journal and thrust bearings that use a gas, such as the CBC working fluid, as their lubricant. Thus, GFBs eliminate the possibility of contamination due to lubricant leaks into the closed loop system. Gas foil bearings are currently used in many commercial applications, both terrestrial and aerospace. Aircraft Air Cycle Machines (ACMs) and ground-based microturbines have demonstrated histories of successful long-term operation using GFBs (Heshmat et al., 2000). Small aircraft propulsion engines, helicopter gas turbines, and high-speed electric motors are potential future applications.
The value of the EEG as a laboratory test.

(1982). The Value of the EEG as a Laboratory Test. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 113-124.
Characteristics of the Electric Eel Na,K-ATPase Phosphoprotein

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the characteristics of the electric eel Na, K-ATPase phosphoprotein. The cleavage of ATP by the Na, K-ATPase proceeds through phosphorylated intermediates, the ADP- and K + -sensitive phosphoenzyrnes (E1P and E2P). In all Na, K-ATPase preparations known, E2P is the major component of the phosphorylated form, whereas E1P is the major component only in the presence of high concentrations of Na + or in an enzyme partially inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). It is observed that the electric eel Na, K-ATPase prepared without any detergent produced mostly E1P in the presence of 100 mM Na + , but the microsomes of shark rectal gland, a fairly active form of Na, K-ATPase when prepared without detergent, produced mainly E2P. An increase in the Na concentration led to a higher E1P percentage in the shark enzyme. On the other hand, the eel enzyme formed mainly E2P in the presence of 10 mM Na + and did not show the oligomycin effect as in the shark enzyme in the presence of 100 m Na + . Therefore, it is concluded that the differences between eel and shark enzymes result from the different affinities of the two enzymes to Na + .
Neutral density filter measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Abstract An overview of techniques available at NIST for measuring the attenuation of neutral density filters is presented. These include direct measurement of attenuation for optical densities up to 6 and a heterodyne measurement technique that spans 12 decades. Measurements have been performed at wavelengths of 633 nm, 1.06 μm, and 10.6 μm. We are also developing and characterizing filters for infrared wavelengths (2-25 μm) using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer.