cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure, expression and promoter activity of two polyubiquitin genes from rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Abstract We have isolated two rice polyubiquitin genes designated as RUBQ1 and RUBQ2 by screening a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) genomic library with a 32 P-labeled ubiquitin cDNA probe. DNA sequence data revealed that both genes contained an open reading frame encoding a hexameric precursor ubiquitin and an intron immediate upstream of the initiation codon. The deduced amino acid sequences of both genes were identical to each other and to other plant ubiquitin sequences. Several putative regulatory elements such as enhancer core and heat shock consensus sequences were found in the 5′-upstream regions of both genes. Northern blot analyses using the 3′-untranslated region as gene specific probes showed that both genes were actively expressed in all rice plant tissues tested. Differential expression was observed in roots where RUBQ2 appeared to be predominantly expressed. Chimeric genes containing the 5′-upstream region including the intron of RUBQ1 or RUBQ2 and the β-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region were constructed and transferred into rice suspension cells via particle bombardment. GUS activity from constructs containing RUBQ1 and RUBQ2 promoters in rice suspension cells was ten to 15-fold greater than those using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter, and two to threefold greater than constructs with the maize polyubiquitin Ubi1 promoter. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of the two rice polyubiquitin promoters in rice or other monocot transformation systems.
Multisystem atrophy made worse by lithium treatment in a hospice patient: a case report.

Multisystem atrophy is a neurologic condition defined as an adult-onset, progressive, neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. It carries a multisystem clinical course, including autonomic, urogenital, cerebellar, and parkinsonian features. Lithium toxicity, classically manifesting as increased thirst, polyuria, gastric distress, weight gain, tremor, fatigue, and mild cognitive impairment, can present in a similar manner.1 We would like to present a patient diagnosed with progressive neurologic features typical of multisystem atrophy that also had bipolar disorder and had been taking lithium for many years. Despite normal lithium levels, it appeared as though a subclinical lithium toxicity was manifesting in the patient, and once lithium was discontinued, the patient was discharged from hospice with significant improvement in his presenting symptoms.
Effects of Frequency of Contraction and lonic Environment on the Responses of Heart Muscle to Acetylcholine

The effects of frequency of contraction and of external calcium and sodium concentration on the inotropic actions of acetylcholine (ACh) on isolated mammalian myocardium were examined. In stimulated left atria of cats, ACh reduced tension development, i.e. exerted a negative inotropic effect, which became more striking as the frequency of contraction was increased and was inhibited by atropine. In cat papillary muscles studied at a low frequency ( 72/min) this positive effect of ACh was abolished. Moreover, at high frequencies, ACh consistently further reduced the normal increment in tension associated with increasing frequency. The magnitude of the positive inotropic action of ACh on papillary muscle was abolished by lowering the extracellular [Na+] and varied inversely with the extracellular [Ca2+]. These findings were interpreted in terms of a dual action of ACh on the myocardium: (1) an action on the muscarinic receptor that reduces contractility and may be blocked with atropine, and (2) a direct effect on cellular membrane permeability to Ca2+ that stimulates contractility and may be reduced by prior elevation of intracytoplasmic [Ca2+].
Cardiac management by pediatricians versus pediatric cardiologists in an inpatient academic center.

Background Limited resources, managed care, and advances in technology have led to the suggestion that physicians other than cardiologists be further empowered to perform the initial cardiac evaluation in children with suspected heart disease. To study this strategy, we compared the management decisions of pediatricians with the recommendations of pediatric cardiologists who reviewed the records of the same patients. Methods Sixty-nine patients aged <23 years with suspected heart disease were referred by pediatricians (n = 40) on the inpatient service at Boston Medical Center for either a cardiology consultation or echocardiography. Two pediatric cardiologists who were blinded to the management decisions and clinical outcomes later reviewed the patient records. Recommendations between the 2 pediatric cardiologist reviewers and the managing pediatricians were compared. Results Pediatricians scheduled significantly fewer cardiology follow-up visits, instituted cardiac medications significantly less often, arranged significantly fewer family meetings to review cardiac findings, and ordered significantly fewer additional cardiac procedures than the pediatric cardiologists. This result was consistent regardless of whether the pediatrician's management decisions were made on the basis of the echocardiogram results only or on the recommendations of a cardiology consultant. The 2 pediatric cardiologist reviewers agreed more often with each other than either did with the managing pediatricians. Conclusions Pediatricians have different management styles than pediatric cardiologists for patients with suspected cardiac disease. The effect of these differences on outcome is unknown, and further investigation is warranted. (Am Heart J 2003;145:424-9.)
Hardware prediction of OS run-length for fine-grained resource customization

In the past ten years, computer architecture has seen a paradigm shift from emphasizing single thread performance to energy efficient, throughput oriented, chip multiprocessors. Several studies have suggested that it may be worthwhile to off-load execution of the operating system (OS) to one or more of these cores, or reconfigure hardware during OS execution. To be effective, these techniques must balance the cost of off-loading or re-configuration, versus the potential benefits, which are typically unknown at decision time. These decision points are typically implemented by manually instrumenting a few OS routines (out of hundreds). Such a preliminary research effort cannot be sustained across several operating systems and hardware configurations. We argue that decisions made in software are often sub-optimal because they are expensive in terms of run-time overhead and because applications vary in their use of OS features. We propose that these decision mechanisms should be supported through a hardware based OS run-length predictor, that removes the onus from OS developers. Our final design results in a 95% prediction accuracy for OS intensive applications, while requiring only 2 KB of storage.
An elliptic-card UWB antenna for wireless communications

An elliptic card UWB planar antenna is designed and miniaturized in this paper. A novel feeding mechanism is proposed to feed the antenna by using a microstrip line on the other side of the substrate and connecting the line to the elliptical element by a via. The structure of the antenna is miniaturized to have minimum length. All antennas characteristics are verified by measurement results. These overall results propose the antenna to be a good candidate for UWB wireless communications.
Evolution and impact of ventricular assist device program on children awaiting heart transplantation

Background We sought to evaluate the impact of the evolution of a pediatric mechanical circulatory support (MCS) program on outcomes of children listed for heart transplantation at our institution. Methods All patients listed for isolated heart transplantation from 1995 to 2013 were included. The use of MCS while on the wait-list was recorded. Wait-list and posttransplant outcomes were compared before and after 2005, which was when we became capable of providing long-term MCS without size limitation. Results In total, 259 patients were listed for transplant and 201 (78%) reached transplant. The use of MCS was significantly increased between the eras (13% and 37%, p = 0.0001). Wait-list mortality was significantly decreased (25% and 11%, p = 0.0006). Among transplant recipients, the proportion of patients who underwent MCS was significantly increased (13% and 37%, p = 0.0002). Of these MCS patients, the use of long-term devices was significantly increased (50% and 98%, p = 0.0004). Median duration of MCS was significantly increased (12 and 78 days, p = 0.004). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a trend ( p = 0.08) toward improved survival after bridge-to-transplant both at 1 year (70% in the early era and 88% in the late era) and at 5 years (60% and 78%, respectively). Conclusions Outcomes of pediatric heart transplantation have significantly improved over the last 2 decades. We believe such improvement is, at least in part, attributable to maturation of MCS strategy, characterized by avoiding the use of temporary devices such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge-to-transplant and a more aggressive use of long-term devices.
Foveal drusen resorption one year after perifoveal laser photocoagulation.

Abstract "Soft" drusen maculopathy is an important precursor of exudative and atrophic macular degeneration. Resorption of soft drusen at the macula in response to laser photocoagulation has been demonstrated previously. The case described in this article is unique because it documents progression of soft drusen maculopathy prior to laser and shows a better visual and morphologic result than in previous studies. In this case, perifoveal laser photocoagulation caused the complete resorption not only of the treated drusen but also the untreated subfoveal and perifoveal drusen. Foveal morphology was restored, visual acuity improved from 20/40 to 20/20, and metamorphopsia diminished. This uniquely favorable response to photocoagulation may result from the treatment of the drusen maculopathy before atrophic, exudative, or neovascular complications. This result shows the need for establishing indications for this treatment through a prospective clinical study and for investigating its mechanism of action.
Incorporating ‘class’ into work–family arrangements: Insights from and for Three Worlds:

In response to feminist critics, Esping-Andersen (1999) added family to the state–market nexus by examining the degree of familialism across regimes. In the absence of the state de-familializing ca...
Core Network Interface Architecture and Latency Constrained On-Chip Communication

This paper proposes a core network interface (CNI) architecture to interface IP cores with on-chip networks. Besides the basic functionality of packetizing communication requests and responses, we expect the CNI to provide additional services critical to communication in complex systems-on-a-chip (SoC). A CNI for interfacing with OCP-compliant core interfaces was developed for architecture validation. With the support of a modified on-chip router, the CNI was setup to bound on-chip communication latency jitter. We observed that jitter due to inefficient virtual channel allocation in a particular configuration of an on-chip interconnection network lead to latency variations of up to 400%. Using a class-based virtual channel allocation scheme in a 2D torus network, we provide for predictable end-to-end latency. While the proposed scheme does not guarantee least possible end-to-end latency, it provides for constrained bounds.
Essentials of the Proper Diagnoses of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Major Subtypes of Dementia

Loss of cognitive function in the elderly population is a common condition encountered in general medical practice. Diagnostic criteria and approaches have become more refined and explicit in the past several years. Precise diagnosis is feasible clinically. In this article, the precursor state and major subtypes of dementia are considered. Mild cognitive impairment is the term given to patients with cognitive impairment that is detectable by clinical criteria but does not produce impairment in daily functioning. When daily functioning is impaired as a result of cognitive decline, dementia is the appropriate syndromic label. Specific causes of dementia tend to have distinctive clinical presentations: the anterograde amnesic syndrome of Alzheimer disease; the syndrome of dementia with cerebrovascular disease; the syndrome of Lewy body dementia with its distinctive constellation of extrapyramidal features, disordered arousal, and dementia; the behavioral-cognitive syndrome of frontotemporal dementia; the primary progressive aphasias; and the rapidly progressive dementias. Because dementia syndromes have distinctive natural histories, precise diagnosis leads to a better understanding of prognosis. As new treatments become available for Alzheimer disease, the most common of the dementias, accurate diagnosis allows the appropriate patients to receive treatment.
Empirical Puzzles of Chilean Stabilization Policy 1

This paper was prepared for the seminar on Chile Development Lessons and Challenges organized by the Economic Development Institute of the World Bank and held in Washington D.C., December 17-18, 1997.
Partial-wave analysis of the reactions pp → ϱ0ϱ0, ωϱ0, ϱ0f, and ωf in the T(2200) region

Abstract The helicity formalism is used to derive expressions for the joint decay distributions for ϱ 0 ϱ 0 , ωϱ 0 , ϱ 0 f and ω f states in terms of the joint density matrix elements. These expressions are used to extract the density matrix elements from the data of the Rutgers- Stevens-Albany collaboration in the T(2200) region. A partial-wave analysis is then performed in an attempt to determine the dominant partial-wave amplitudes. The results are discussed and comparisons are made to the extremely limited amount of data available at neighboring energies. Finally it is pointed out that the expressions derived for this analysis could be applied without modification to e − e + annihilations into these states.
RHEOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLY(ETHERETHER KETONE)-LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER BLENDS

This paper is in continuation of our previous paper on Poly(etherether ketone)-liquid crystal polymer (PEEK-LCP) composites. Rheological, morphological, and mechanical properties of polyetherether ketone and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer based on hydroxybenzoic acid/hydroxynaphthoic acid have been reported. Addition of LCP resulted in a marked reduction of viscosity and improved processability. Tensile properties improved with increase in LCP concentration. Synergistic effects have been observed at certain LCP concentrations. The elongation at break was found to reduce drastically above 10% of LCP content. This is a characteristic typical of chopped-fiber-filled composites. Morphology of injection molded and capillary extruded samples of the blends showed that the in-situ formed fibrous LCP phase was preserved in a solidified form. The improvement in tensile properties is likely due to the reinforcement of the PEEK matrix by the fibrous LCP phase as observed by scanning electron microscopy. A distinct skin-core morphology was found to develop in the injection molded samples of these blends. Mechanical properties measured in the flow and transverse direction indicated an increase in the degree of anisotropy with an increase in LCP content.
Coherent ultrafast optical control of an electron spin initialized to a pure state in a charged self-assembled quantum dot

We demonstrate the optical initialization and ultrafast coherent control of an electron spin in a self-assembled dot, showing a spin Rabi oscillation and time-resolved precession of the electron spin coherence.
Mobile eLearning Platform for Interactive Patient Education

We developed an interactive patient learning system for use on mobile phones to inform an asthma patient about this chronic condition and enforce knowledge retention by questioning the user. The system uses a mobile phone's internet connection to retrieve information from a database and download recorded audio files corresponding to asthma information screens. The mobile application was successfully developed, implemented, and tested on the Motorola i730 mobile phone with Nextel as a service provider. The application can be utilized as a universal mobile eLearning platform for interactive patient education.
Permeability beneath orthodontic bands: variations dependent on cement type and cement-removal method.

Abstract The permeability of the margins of five dental cement seals was evaluated, by using 45Ca, after five different procedures for removing excess cement. The five dental cements varied significantly (P The two factors that emerged most clearly from this study were that the method of wiping or hand scaling the cement tended to prevent disruption of the integrity of the tooth-band cement bond, irrespective of the cement used, and, perhaps more important, that the zinc oxide-eugenol type of cement was able to withstand the effects of ultrasonic instrumentation.
What is Intellectual Property

This essay was written to introduce Focus On: Intellectual Property Rights, a book published by the U.S. State Department in 2006. It is currently archived in three languages (English, Arabic and Farsi) at the america.gov website.
The saint above the door: hagiographic sculpture in twelfth-century Uncastillo

ABSTRACTOver the course of the twelfth century, six fine Romanesque churches were built in the town of Uncastillo, Aragon. Three of these churches display carved hagiographic scenes on the tympana above their principal entrances, a highly unusual placement for saints’ lives during this period. Though the subject matter responds to a broad interest in hagiographic imagery across post-conquest Aragon, its prominent location and recurrence in multiple churches were both motivated by political and social factors shaping the kingdom at this time. On the one hand, the hagiographies’ allegorical evocations of the Christian conquest speak to the relevance of Aragon's territorial expansion to the town's inhabitants. On the other, the sculptures’ placement above the church portal – the focal point of the community – responds to the contemporary experience of urbanization in Uncastillo, which resulted in the town's organization into six different neighborhoods. Considering the hagiographic tympana with respect to sc...
Bridging Disciplines: Assessing the Interdisciplinary Impact of Open Data

Freely disseminating scientific data can contribute to multiple disciplines across the physical, social, health, and engineering sciences. If the impact of data centers is not measured, stakeholders will not know whether data centers, archives, and libraries, and the data that they disseminate, are having a positive impact on the conduct of science. Data citations provide evidence on the use of data in various stages of the research process, including problem definition, statistical analysis, modeling, and validation. Measuring the interdisciplinary citation of scientific data disseminated by a data center can reveal the degree to which the data center is supporting cross-disciplinary research. Analysis of a decade of data citations demonstrates the interdisciplinary use of scientific data and the impact that one data center has had across disciplinary boundaries.
Experiences of Children With Gay Fathers

An online survey was distributed via snowball sampling and resulted in responses from 61 gay fathers raising children in 2 states. Fathers reported on the barriers they experienced and the pathways they took to becoming parents. They reported also on experiences of stigma directed at them and their children, especially from family members, friends, and people in religious institutions. Despite these difficulties they reported that they engaged actively in parenting activities and that their child(ren)'s well-being was consistent with national samples.
Surface-Enhanced Hyper-Raman Scattering Elucidates the Two-Photon Absorption Spectrum of Rhodamine 6G

The surface-enhanced hyper-Raman (SEHRS) spectra of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) are measured for two different excitation energies: ∼25 000 cm–1 (∼810 nm) and ∼19 000 cm–1 (1030 nm). The collected spectra are compared to time-dependent density functional theory simulations of the resonance hyper-Raman spectra for the same excitation energies. The analysis of molecular orbital changes in these nonlinear transitions elucidates the mechanism of vibronic enhancement. This analysis is used to elucidate features in the two-photon absorption spectra of R6G.
CURRENT MEASUREMENTS USING A TILTING SPAR

The dynamic response of the spar to oscillatory flow has been examined by modeling as well as computer analysis of the non-linear differential equation. Field measurements using the tilting spar have been made. These measurements are compared with theory and with other more direct measurements of the wave field. The tilting spar has been used to estimate wave direction. These estimates generally agree well with directional estimates made using a pressure sensor array and a two-component current meter.
Multi-channel Physiological Signal Acquiring System Based on USB Interface

The structure and implementary method both in hardware and software of a multi-channel physiological signal acquisition system based on USB interface are introduced. The parameters collected by the system include electrocardiogram, blood pressure and oxygen saturation. The system has advantages of easy operation and flexible structure.
Challenges in Treating Secondary Syphilis Osteitis in an Immunocompromised Patient with a Penicillin Allergy: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that remains fairly commonplace. The introduction of penicillin aided in curbing the incidence of disease; however, with the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis is now on a resurgence with sometimes curious presentations. We present a case of a 36-year-old Caucasian gentleman with untreated HIV who complained of a skin eruption and joint pains for 6 weeks, prompting the diagnosis of secondary syphilis osteitis. Skin lesions were reminiscent of “malignant” syphilis. CD4 count was 57 cells/μL. RPR was elevated with 1 : 64 titer and positive confirmatory TP-PA. Radiography of the limbs revealed polyostotic cortical irregularities corroborated on bone scintigraphy. The patient had an unknown penicillin allergy and was unwilling to conduct a trial of penicillin-based therapy. He was subsequently treated with doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 6 weeks and commenced antiretroviral therapy, noting dramatic improvement in both the skin lesions and joint pains. Unfortunately, he defaulted on follow-up, precluding serial RPR and bone imaging. Penicillin allergies have proven to be quite a conundrum in such patients, without much recourse for alternative therapy. Doxycycline with/without azithromycin is other options worth considering.
Analysis of magnet defect faults in permanent magnet synchronous motors through fluxgate sensors

This paper presents magnet defect faults detection through fluxgate sensors simply by monitoring the leakage flux content around permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). As known, flux spectrums of electric machines contain most critical and direct fault related information to monitor and characterize various faults and their progressions. In this paper, a remote/on case fault monitoring prototype is prepared which includes fluxgate sensor, signal sensing/conditioning circuit, and a microcontroller for leakage flux data streaming. In order to identify magnet defect faults in PMSMs, faults patterns in the leakage flux spectrum are exhaustively analyzed at different torque-speed profiles. Simulation and experimental results show that deployment of fluxgate sensor in magnet defect fault detection yields better results than the classical stator current analysis in PMSMs both in time and frequency domains.
Generalized Likelihood Procedures for Data Analysis and Modeling

We present a generalized likelihood (GL) methodology derived from the information generating function. The GL (or GI-based score function in the case of censored or binary data) depends on a user-specified index c, which takes values in a neighborhood of 0. If c = 0, the classical likelihood procedures result. For c > 0, attractive joint robust M-estimators of all model parameters are obtained. Variation of c generates a sensitivity analysis, or informal assessment of consistency of data and assumed model. We apply our framework in univariate and multivariate settings including regression, designed experiments, time series, survival data, parametric proportional hazards models, censored data and binary data. We provide large sample inference results and present formal and informal techniques for model building including order selection, outlier identification, treatment of missing values, and estimation of a transformation power. We examine several examples and special cases.
Bioluminescence: the First 3000 Years (Review)

Bioluminescence is defined as the emission of light from a living organism that performs some biological function. Bioluminescence is one of the oldest fields of scientific study, dating from the first written records of the ancient Greeks. This article describes the many investigations of animal luminescence up to the end of the 19th Century. Many facets of this field are easily accessible for investigation without need for advanced technology and so, within the History of Science, investigations of bioluminescence played a significant role in the establishment of the scientific method, and also were among the many visual phenomena to be accounted for in developing a theory of light.
The essential economics of threshold-based incentives: Theory, estimation, and evidence from the Western States 100

Abstract Many public and private entities utilize incentive systems in which improvements in measured performance are rewarded only when the agent crosses some pre-specified threshold. This paper comprehensively analyzes the effects of these incentive systems on effort, the net benefits of effort, and the accuracy of information about agents’ performance, and lays out methods for estimating each. These methods are then used to reveal the motivations, physiological limits, and racing strategy of ultramarathoners trying to complete a one hundred mile race in under twenty-four hours.
Ecosystem Services Valuation as an Opportunity for Inquiry Learning

ABSTRACT Teaching ecosystem services provides an ideal opportunity to use inquiry-based learning to help students make connections between ecological, geological, and social systems. The idea of ecosystem services, or the benefits nature provides to society, has emerged as a key concept in a host of environmental fields and is just beginning to gain attention within the geosciences. Although the concept has the potential to positively affect policy decisions by quantifying the economic value of ecosystem services, it has been criticized for commodifying nature and having limited engagement with geoscience perspectives. To teach ecosystem services to the next generation of geoscientists, we developed two variations of an inquiry-based learning exercise in which students used the ecosystem services approach to assign a monetary value to eight different ecosystem services generated by four ecosystems. One version of the exercise had students make these valuations in the field, whereas one was completed solel...
Design guidelines for developing scaffolded, handheld software to support learners during science inquiry

The Mobile Learning Tools for Science (MaLTS) project developed design guidelines for building scaffolded, handheld software to support learners during science inquiry projects. The MaLTS project consisted of three phases of work. In Phase 1 (Analysis), related research from Learner-Centered Design and User-Centered Design was analyzed to identify the underlying challenge of designing handheld software to support learners during science inquiry. The design challenge resulting from Phase 1 was “How can we balance learners' need for scaffolds with the need to make handheld software easy to use?” Phase 2 (Design and Implementation) addressed the design challenge from Phase 1 by developing three design guidelines for building handheld software that provided scaffolds and was easy to use. Using these design guidelines, three handheld tools were also developed during Phase 2: Pocket PiCoMap, to support concept mapping; ArtemisExpress, to support online research; and Pocket Model-It, to support scientific modeling. Phase 3 (Evaluation and Reformulation) focused on determining whether the design guidelines developed during Phase 2 effectively addressed the design challenge articulated during Phase 1. In order for the design guidelines to be successful, handheld software built according to the design guidelines needed to be easy to use and needed to provide helpful scaffolding. To evaluate whether using the design guidelines resulted in handheld software that was easy to use and helpful to students, Pocket PiCoMap, ArtemisExpress and Pocket Model-It were used during a classroom study. The results of the classroom study highlighted several areas where the design guidelines could be reformulated to better address the design challenge. The reformulated design guidelines for building scaffolded, handheld software were the final results of the MaLTS project. The MaLTS project demonstrated the viability of including scaffolds in handheld software for learners, and the design guidelines resulting from this project could be used to guide the development of a variety of handheld software for learners. Future work might explore the design of learner-centered handheld tools that take advantage of new features and peripherals, such as expanded wireless Internet access, mobile phones, powerful processors, removable storage, and scientific probeware.
A Poetics of Complexity: Diabaté's Trilogy of Kouta

Set just before independence in rural Mali, Diabate's Lieutenant de Kouta argues for a reversal of all symbols and representations of colonial French authority. The ironic point of view unveils the brutal dispossession of traditional Mande codes and practices through Siriman Keita's role reversals. This paper situates Diabate's trilogy of Kouta in the context of my work, "La poetique de renversement" (L'Harmattan, 20006), an aspect of my larger research on a 'Poetics of Complexity,' which advocates respect in a literary work for the rich particularity of codes and iconic symbols specific to a given cultural context ― despite the constraints imposed by the French language.
THE ENERGETICS OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE SECRETION

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the dog submandibular glands and the dog parotid glands designed to test the effects of administration of salicylates on the secretion of fluid and electrolytes. In an experiment described in the chapter, eight mongrel dogs, ranging in weight from 15.0 to 22.4 kg, were anesthetized with intravenous sodium pentobarbital. Cannulas were placed in the femoral artery and vein, in the submandibular duct and isolated vein, and in the contralateral carotid artery for recording systemic arterial pressure. The duct cannula was arranged such that secretions could be shunted into a closed pressure chamber with an air pocket that collapsed as the secretory pressure (SP) rose. SP from the closed chamber was measured by a physiograph pressure transducer and polygraph. Contralateral carotid pressures were simultaneously recorded.
What Determines the Rate of Growth and Technological Change

Information on operating conditions based on direct experience in a country is likely to be the information most credible to foreign investors. But for investors new to a country, information inferred from observing others investing in that country may be more influential - and may lead to cascading investments in that country, as happened in China and Vietnam. Countries that do not draw a critical mass of investors are in danger of being bypassed by investors. Using a specially designed survey of Japanese firms planning investments in Asia, Kinoshita and Mody emphasize the importance of privately held information in making foreign investment decisions. Information on operating conditions based on direct experience in a country is likely to be the most credible information, but for investors new to a country, information inferred from observing others investing in that country may be more influential. Initially, in fact, observing the actions of competitors seems to lead to cascading investments in that country, apparently through herd behavior (as in China and Vietnam). Countries which do not draw a critical mass of investors are in danger of being bypassed for significant periods. Publicly available information is important in helping shape average perceptions about a country, leading potential investors to view particular locations favorably. Privately held information complements that public information, and accounts for important variations in investment plans. Subjective perceptions about policy on foreign direct investment are also important. Policy designed to attract investors - for example, special zones for foreign investors - have been successful in many instances, especially in East Asia, but have also been a waste of scarce investment resources when not appropriately planned. And such policy is of little value in attracting those already investing in a country, or those who already perceive rivals to be active there. This paper - a product of the East Asia and Pacific Regional Office - is part of a larger effort in the department to study trends in foreign investment in the region.
On the particularities of postcolonial studies, or how postcolonialism has become obsolete

I draw first on Vivek Chibber's argument that postcolonial studies fails to provide an adequate basis for a theory of human rights and a practice of global solidarity. I then introduce the Warwick Research Collective's elaboration of a new theory of world literature constructed around the concept of “combined and uneven development.” I conclude by proposing a way out of the limitations of postcolonial studies.
A survey of K-12 teachers’ utilization of social networks as a professional resource

Teachers are increasingly using social networks, including social media and other Internet applications, to look for educational resources. This study shares results from a survey examining patterns of social network application use among K-12 teachers in the United States. A sample of 154 teachers (18 males, 136 females) in the United States answered questions about their use of social network applications, their comfort with Web 2.0, and their use of empirically-based resources from social networks. Results provide a user update on factors that predict overall engagement with social networks, which included comfort and trust in using social networks, as well as higher age. We also explored the most popular applications used by teachers and the most popular reasons for their use. Finally, we implemented a new survey methodology to gauge responses about empirically-based posts on social networks and discuss results in the context of balancing free resources with high-quality pedagogical information.
Spinal Cord Stimulator Explantation: Motives for Removal of Surgically Placed Paddle Systems.

Background Despite requiring successful trials prior to implantation, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) systems for pain are often later removed. Removing surgically implanted hardware subjects patients to the risks and discomfort of a second surgery, threatens the cost-effectiveness of SCS, and limits the perceived durability of SCS technology for pain problems. Objective To investigate patterns of reasons given among patients who underwent SCS explant surgery (SCSES). Methods Retrospective review of SCSES cases over 17 years at Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA. Results 165 patients underwent SCSES between 1997 and 2014. The top three reasons for explantation were inadequate pain control (IPC, 73%), hardware discomfort (22%), and need for an MRI (10%). Other less frequent reasons were infection (9%), painful dysesthesias (9%), electrical arcing (4%), resolution of inciting symptoms (4%), weakness (2%), pseudomeningocele (1%) and muscle spasms (1%). Conclusion IPC is the most common reason for SCSES. Advances in technology are needed to improve the quality and duration of pain control, in addition to design improvements to make the hardware more comfortable. There is a significant number of implants removed due to need for MRI, a fact obviating the need for MRI-compatible systems. Patients considering SCS paddle lead placement should be counseled on the most common reasons for later explantation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Sequential Monte Carlo for inference of latent ARMA time-series with innovations correlated in time

We consider the problem of sequential inference of latent time-series with innovations correlated in time and observed via nonlinear functions. We accommodate time-varying phenomena with diverse properties by means of a flexible mathematical representation of the data. We characterize statistically such time-series by a Bayesian analysis of their densities. The density that describes the transition of the state from time t to the next time instant t+1 is used for implementation of novel sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods. We present a set of SMC methods for inference of latent ARMA time-series with innovations correlated in time for different assumptions in knowledge of parameters. The methods operate in a unified and consistent manner for data with diverse memory properties. We show the validity of the proposed approach by comprehensive simulations of the challenging stochastic volatility model.
Treatment Considerations in Internet and Video Game Addiction: A Qualitative Discussion

Internet and video game addiction has been a steadily developing consequence of modern living. Behavioral and process addictions and particularly Internet and video game addiction require specialized treatment protocols and techniques. Recent advances in addiction medicine have improved our understanding of the neurobiology of substance and behavioral addictions. Novel research has expanded the ways we understand and apply well-established addiction treatments as well as newer therapies specific to Internet and video game addiction. This article reviews the etiology, psychology, and neurobiology of Internet and video game addiction and presents treatment strategies and protocols for addressing this growing problem.
The synthesis in vivo of lactose from glucose-1-C14 and galactose-1-C14 in the guinea pig.

Grant (1) and Reithel and coworkers (2) have reported that the enzyme systems of the mammary gland are not capable of utilizing galactose phosphates or galactose per se for the synthesis of lactose. This observation is difficult to reconcile with recent developments on the mechanism of enzymatic synthesis of lactose and particularly on the roles of uridine diphosphate glucose1 and uridine diphosphate galactose (3-5). In our laboratory, evidence has been obtained which points to a direct utilization of galactose for the synthesis of lactose in the guinea pig. The experiments reported in this paper contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism of synthesis of lactose in the mammary gland. Galactose-l-Cl* was injected intraperitoneally into a lactating guinea pig, and samples of milk were collected at varying time intervals. The specific activity and the labeling pattern of the lactose from the milk were then determined. For comparative purposes, glucose-l-C’* was used as the marker in other experiments. In all experiments Cl*-labeled lactose was produced rapidly from the labeled monosaccharides and attained a maximal specific activity in about 4 hours. Hydrolysis of the lactose-C* to its monosaccharide constituents, followed by activity measurements, showed that the lactose possessed unequal labeling in the glucose and galactose moieties. The galactose of lactose-Cl* produced from galactose-l-Cl* was considerably more radioactive, and the galactose of lactose-C* produced from glucose-l-C’* was less radioactive than the glucose. On degradation of the glucose-C* and galactose-Cl* from the lactose-Cl*, essentially all of the radioactivity was found at position 1 of the monosaccharides.
Synaptic Vesicle Protein-2 (SV2)

The SV2 proteins are a family of three homologous integral synaptic vesicle proteins named SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. Each isoform is encoded by a different gene. SV2 proteins have 12 transmembrane domains and share homology with a large group of transporter molecules. SV2A is widely expressed in synapses of the brain, whereas SV2B and SV2C are more restricted in their expression. SV2 proteins have been shown to be involved in the regulation of fast Ca2+-dependent synaptic vesicle exocytosis. SV2A has been implicated in epilepsy. SV2A-knockout mice experience severe seizures that eventually lead to their death. In addition, SV2A has been identified as the binding site for an antiepileptic drug.
Lagrangian Investigation of Wave-Driven Turbulence in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer

AbstractTurbulent processes in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) play a key role in weather and climate systems. This study explores a Lagrangian analysis of wave-driven OSBL turbulence, base...
Benefits, challenges, and needs of people living with cancer and their companion dogs: An exploratory study.

Purpose/Objectives: The study examined whether the bond with a companion dog is associated with well-being among people with cancer, and described the perceived benefits, challenges, and needs acco...
What Impacts Feelings of Adulthood Among College-Attending and Non-College-Attending Emerging Adults Who Use Alcohol and Cannabis?:

Emerging adulthood is a time of transition between adolescence and adulthood, and it also represents a risky time frame for substance use. Perceptions of adulthood, or an individual’s belief about ...
Association of health insurance status with presentation, treatment and outcomes in soft tissue sarcoma.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies across a variety of malignancies have demonstrated that health insurance status is associated with differences in clinical presentation, type of treatments received, and survival. The effect of insurance status on the management of soft tissue sarcoma is unknown. We assessed the association of insurance on (a) stage at diagnosis, (b) receipt of neoadjuvant/adjuvant radiation therapy, and (c) overall survival (OS) in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. METHODS The study cohort was identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and consisted of patients with stage I-IV soft tissue sarcoma of various histologies diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. The patients were stratified by age (<65 and ≥65 years) and by insurance status (commercial, Medicare, Medicaid and uninsured). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the association between insurance status and (a) stage at diagnosis (Stage I-III vs IV), and (b) receipt of neoadjuvant/adjuvant radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced disease. The association of insurance status on OS was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses. A propensity score matched survival analysis was performed to account for measured confounders. RESULTS 49 754 patients were identified of whom 23 677 (48%) had commercial insurance, 20 867 (42%) had Medicare, 3229 (6%) had Medicaid, and 1981 (4%) were uninsured. In patients <65 years, those with Medicaid (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.57-1.93, P < .001) and the uninsured (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.51-1.94, P < .001) were more likely to present with stage IV vs Stage I-III disease. Furthermore, among patients with locally advanced disease treated with limb sparing surgery, those with Medicaid (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77- 0.98, P = .021) and the uninsured (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63-0.85, P < .001) were less likely to receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiotherapy as compared to those with commercial insurance. Lastly, having Medicaid (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.17-1.34, P < .001) and no insurance (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.20-1.41, P < .001) was associated with worse OS compared to having commercial insurance, a finding which remained significant after propensity score matching. In contrast, in patients ≥65 years, there were no statistically significant differences between those with Medicare and commercial insurance with regards to disease presentation, receipt of radiotherapy, or survival. CONCLUSIONS In a large modern cohort identified from the NCDB, commercial insurance status in patients <65 years was associated early diagnosis, receipt of neoadjuvant/adjuvant radiation therapy, and overall survival for patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Further efforts are warranted to understand disparities in care based on health insurance in the United States.
Exploring poetry as method: “Representing faithfully” the narratives of African American high school students and their mothers:

In this article, I reflect on my experiences using poetry as a method of data analysis and data representation from a qualitative study of seven African American high school seniors and their singl...
Package Qualification Envelope for 22FDX® Technology

Abstract This article describes the methodology used to derive the 22FDX® Fully-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FDSOI) Chip Package Interaction (CPI) qualification envelope. In the first part it is ...
High Q-Factor Mode-Matched Silicon Gyroscope with a Ladder Structure

A high Q-factor and mode-matched silicon MEMS gyroscope composed of a ladder structure has been developed. The ladder structure that is capable of suppressing energy dissipation has allowed the Q-factors of drive and sense modes to reach 120,000, which is a great value as a Si-tuning fork gyroscope. Moreover, the mode-matched high Q-factor ladder gyroscope shows an angle random walk (ARW) of 0.020 deg/√h and a bias instability (BI) of 0.20 deg/h. These measured results demonstrate that the ladder structure has enabled this silicon gyroscope to achieve high performance that is required for autonomous driving systems.
The Diagnosis and Management of Reversible Dementia Syndromes

This article discusses the diagnostic evaluation and management of reversible dementia syndromes. It highlights clinical syndromes and explores the recent literature implicating certain reversible factors in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. The prevalence of fully reversible dementia is low, but there is growing awareness for potentially reversible contributors to neurodegenerative disease. In particular, exposure to anticholinergic medications, obstructive sleep apnea, and depression have emerged as potentially modifiable targets in the pathogenesis of preclinical and early Alzheimer’s disease. Treatment of these factors may not only reverse any direct cognitive effects but also prevent downstream neurodegeneration. There is substantial opportunity to improve outcome in patients with dementia due to reversible etiologies. Even in the setting of primary neurodegenerative disease, conscientious effort is required to recognize and address reversible contributors.