cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some minor components of bacteriophage T2 particles.

Abstract Two new constituents of the acid-soluble fraction of phage particles have been studied. One is a polypeptide composed chiefly of aspartic and glutamic acids and lysine, representing about 1% of the total carbon of the particles, and weighing perhaps 4 × 10−12 μg per particle. The second, called substance A, remains unidentified. It is a low molecular weight substance, contains about 1.5% of the total carbon of the particles, and is chiefly characterized by the fact that it receives much of its carbon from arginine supplied in the culture medium (also containing glucose), but does not yield arginine on hydrolysis. The two substances can be specifically traced as acid-soluble C14 derived from lysine or arginine, respectively, which permits experimentation along the lines indicated below. The polypeptide is not synthesized simultaneously with phage-precursor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) formed in the presence of chloramphenicol. Neither is it transmitted as such along with the DNA from parental to offspring phage particles. These facts are interpreted to mean that the acidsoluble peptide is not an essential constituent of the phage chromosome. Substance A is formed in the presence of chloramphenicol and is transmitted unchanged from parental to offspring phage. However, it can also be assimilated from the culture medium by infected bacteria, and reappears as substance A in the issue of phage particles. Moreover, substance A in the culture medium interferes with the transfer of parental substance A, but not with the transfer of parental DNA, into offspring. Hence it is concluded that substance A also is not an essential constituent of the phage chromosome. Finally, technically improved experiments show that the tail of the phage particle does not contain more than 2 × 10−12 μg of protein that is efficiently transferred from parental to offspring phage. The over-all conclusion is reached that if the phage chromosome contains any non-DNA constituents, these must represent appreciably less than 1% of the total phage carbon, or not more than 10−12 μg of carbon per particle. Such a component would comprise only about 1% of the mass of the DNA.
Fluid dynamical form of the linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Abstract The Hamiltonian theory of perfect fluids admits the generalization to cases where the internal energy density depends on the gradient of mass density. Though the fluid dynamical equations are not greatly modified, when they are transformed into wave equations, special cases of the generalized fluid are seen to correspond to familiar Schrodinger equations. The irrotational nonrelativistic case is presented here and some of the advantages of the fluid point of view are mentioned.
The Virtual Advisor Program: Linking Students to Mentors via the World Wide Web

Background: Emergency medicine (EM) is a popular specialty for medical students choosing a career. Many attend medical schools without an affiliated EM residency and lack both the formal mentorship and informal guidance provided by medical school advisors (or faculty) involved in an accredited EM training program. Others desire specialized advice based on geographic or specific academic interest. Objective: The authors describe user characteristics of a Web-based virtual advisor program that paired medical students with EM faculty advisors. Methods: Prospective users access the system from a link on the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) home page. On the initial visit, demographic information is collected. Faculty and student guidelines are provided. Students desiring individual advice may register for a virtual advisor who can assess career goals and qualifications. Volunteer faculty mentors are assigned on the basis of the student's geographic and demographic preferences and career aspirations. Encounters rely primarily on electronic and/or voice correspondence to suit the needs of the pair. A frequently asked question (FAQ) section provides answers to common questions and does not require registration. Results: Two hundred sixty-four students (183 males, 75 females, 6 unspecified) from North American (87) and international (25) medical schools requested a virtual advisor. One hundred twenty-one faculty advisors from 56 U.S. medical schools participated (86 [71%] males; 35 [29%] females). Students indicated reasons they sought a virtual advisor. Qualitative feedback was generally positive from advisors and advisees. Conclusion: The implementation of the virtual advisor program enabled medical students to have access to experienced EM faculty career mentors.
Relation of left ventricular lead placement in cardiac resynchronization therapy to left ventricular reverse remodeling and to diastolic dyssynchrony.

The effects of left ventricular (LV) lead placement for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on LV remodeling and dyssynchrony are not well defined. Sixty-one patients (age 60 ± 11 years, 76% men) were evaluated by echocardiography before and 4 ± 2 months after CRT and grouped by the LV lead placement (lateral, posterolateral, or anterolateral). Echocardiographic measurements included LV volumes and LV ejection fraction. Tissue Doppler imaging was used to assess for inter- and intraventricular systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of the LV lead placement on echocardiographic variables after CRT. The LV lead was placed in a lateral cardiac vein in 33 patients (54%), posterolateral in 15 (25%), and anterior in 13 (21%). Lateral LV lead placement was associated with significantly smaller LV volumes compared with the posterolateral lead placement (p
Work in progress — Taking one for the team: Goal orientation and gender-correlated task division

Assessments of student behavior in firstsemester design experiences suggest that early team-based design projects can promote a team performance goal orientation that undermines students' learning goals. In particular, we find that gender-correlated division of work can easily and unconsciously occur in these teams and that performance-oriented teams may be more likely to undermine womens' learning goals then mens' learning goals. We propose mechanisms to explain the effect and present results of promising interventions.
Mars Science Laboratory Flyaway Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Design

This paper describes the flyaway guidance, navigation, and control system design that was successfully used during the landing of NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory on Mars on 5 August 2012. One of the most challenging phases of the Mars Science Laboratory mission is the entry, descent, and landing that starts with the Mars atmospheric entry and ends with the rover Curiosity landing on Mars and the descent stage with the sky crane crashing to the surface. Because the two-way signal’s communication time between Earth and Mars is about 26 min and the fact that the end-to-end entry, descent, and landing takes about 7 min, the lander must be controlled completely autonomously. At the last step of the landing, the rover is lowered to the surface by using a new sky crane, which resides on the descent stage of the lander. The sky crane slowly descends toward the Martian surface as the rover is lowered. Once the touchdown is detected, the onboard control system flies the descent stage as far away as possible from the...
Theoretical analysis of conditions in a salt wedge

Abstract Theoretical results are obtained for salt-wedge estuaries which give the velocity profile, stress distribution, shape and length of the wedge for steady-state flow conditions. It is assumed that the cross-section is rectangular. Cases are presented for both constant depth and uniformly sloping bottom. The dynamics resemble those found in open channel flow with the addition of a laminar boundary layer at the interface between the wedge and the upper layer. The theory gives reasonable predictions for the length and shape of salt wedges observed in flumes and in the Mississippi and Duwamish Rivers.
Development of innervation to the atrial myocardium of the rabbit.

The development of innervation to the atrial myocardium of rabbits from 20th day of gestation to 35 days postnatal was studied ultrastructurally by electron microscopy and by demonstration of catecholamines by histofluorescence. Special attention was directed to the first morphologic appearance of nerve fibers and terminals and the closeness of juxtaposition of terminals with myocardial cells. Adrenergic and cholinergic terminals were identified on the basis of their differential ability to take-up and store the “false adrenergic neurotransmitter” 5-hydroxydopamine. Adrenergic terminals were first encountered at 20 days of gestation whereas cholinergic terminals could not be positively identified until the 24th day of gestation. Throughout development adrenergic terminals were more numerous than cholinergic, about 71 % of the terminals encountered being adrenergic. Many terminals approach closely (20–30 nm) to the sarcolemma of the muscle cells of the atrium. In many instances adrenergic and cholinergic fibers travel together in the same nerve bundle and are closely apposed without intervening Schwann-cell cytoplasm. Such a relationship could allow peripheral interaction between these fibers in the myocardium.
Poaching, promiscuity, and deceit: Combatting mating rivalry in same-sex friendships

If humans faced recurrently over evolutionary history the adaptive problem of competition with same-sex friends for mates, they may have evolved psychological mechanisms designed to prevent and combat mating rivalry with same-sex friends. Four studies were conducted to test hypotheses about the design of these mechanisms. In Studies 1 and 2 (N= 406 and N= 342, respectively) we found that, as predicted, people experience more upset in response to imagined rivalry from a friend than from a stranger. In Study 3 (N= 455), in which a between-subjects design was utilized, we found that women's, but not men's, willingness to become friends with a member of the same sex is lower when the person is described as sexually promiscuous. In Study 4 (N= 169) we found that people report being deceived by friends about mating rivalry more often than they themselves report engaging in deceit about rivalry, and women more than men deceive each other about how sexually experienced and promiscuous they are. Discussion addresses implications of the findings and the use of an evolutionary approach for understanding conflict in same-sex friendship.
Mixonephridia or nephromixia in terebellid polychaetes a clarification

Abstract 1. In recent texts confusion exists in the usage of E.S. Goodrich's terms “mixonephridia” and “nephromixia”, in reference to the segmental organs of polychaete annelids. 2. Goodrich (1945) himself applied the term mixonephridia to the segmental organs that had been described in several families of sedentary polychaetes by Meyer (1887). 3. However, it is shown that the ciliated funnels of these organs in the terebellids Lanice conchilega and Eupolymnia nebulosa in fact contain two distinctly different tissues corresponding to the nephrostomial and coelomostomial components of a nephromixium as defined by Goodrich. 4. Examination of Meyer's text and figures shows that this author had in 1887 already presented clear evidence, apparently overlooked by Goodrich, that in terebellids the ciliated funnels of the segmental organs have the dual composition typical of nephromixia in the sense of the terminology introduced by Goodrich and widely, if at times inaccurately, used today.
The number of permutations containing exactly one increasing subsequence of length three

Abstract It is proved that the number of permuations on 1, 2, ..., n with exactly one increasing subsequence of length 3 is n 3 ( n +3 2 n ) [0,0,1,6,27,110,429, ... (Sloane A3517)].
Randomized preconditioning of the MBA algorithm

MBA algorithm inverts a structured matrix in nearly linear arithmetic time but requires a serious restriction on the input class. We remove this restriction by means of randomization and extend the progress to some fundamental computations with polynomials, e.g., computing their GCDs and AGCDs, where most effective known algorithms rely on computations with matrices having Toeplitz-like structure. Furthermore, our randomized algorithms fix rank deficiency and ill conditioning of general and structured matrices. At the end we comment on a wide range of other natural extensions of our progress and underlying ideas.
Vasopressin release in male and female rats: effects of gonadectomy and treatment with gonadal steroid hormones.

We have found, in normal Wistar rats 10–11 weeks old, that the plasma vasopressin concentration (PADH) and the 24-h urinary excretion of vasopressin (UADHV) were higher in males than in females (P < 0.01). In rats that were gonadectomized when they were 3 weeks old and studied when they were 10–11 weeks old, PADH and UADHV were reduced in males (P < 0.01) and increased in females (P < 0.01 for UADHV; PADH not significant) compared to those in intact males and females, respectively. Treatment of castrated male rats with testosterone tended to increase PADH, but estradiol, progesterone, or a combination of estradiol and progesterone were without effect; UADHV was increased by testosterone (P < 0.01) and lowered by estradiol plus progesterone (P < 0.01). In ovariectomized rats, PADH was unaffected by either testosterone or estradiol, but was decreased by progesterone alone (P < 0.05) or in combination with estradiol (P < 0.05). In these ovariectomized rats, UADHV was unaffected by testosterone and was decrea...
Production of Strange Particles by π-Nucleon and Photonucleon Interactions near Threshold

An investigation of the behavior of the pi -nucleon reaction cross sections near the strange particle threshold shows that the variation with energy of the LAMBDA /sup 0/-K cross section near the EPSILON -K threshold depends strongly upon the relative parities of the EPSILON and the flu hyperons. If the elements of the Wigner R matrix are nearly stationary near the EPSILON -K threshold, and if the the compound system is nearly independent of its mode of formation. the variation of the LAMBDA /sup 0/ and EPSILON cross sections is almost uniquely established from cross sections measured at one energy. In particular, the LAMBDA /sup 0/ cross section exhibits strong cusps at the EPSILON -K thresholds. Angular distributions and polarizations are discussed from the viewpoint of these assumptions. The photonucleon production of strange particles is shown to be closely related to the pi -nucleon production, essentially because the same final-state interaccions are important. The strength and characteristics of these interactions lead to the conclusion that the matrix elements for photonucleon production of strange particles will, in general, be strongly affected in magnitude by the final-state interactions and they will not be real, even at threshold. The analysis of cusps, whichmore » are predicted in the gamma + p yields pi + nucleon cross section at the LAMBDA /sup0/ + K threshold and the EPSILON + K threshold, and in the gamma + p yields LAMBDA /sup 0/ K reaction at the EPSILON + K threshold, should provide a means of determining the relative parities of the strange particles, in a manner almost independent of the dynamics of the reaction. (auth)« less
Travelling Wave Ultrasonic Motors, Part II : A Numerical Method for The Flexural Vibrations of The Stator

Abstract A finite difference scheme is used to calculate the forced transverse vibrations of thin annular plates with radially varying thickness. Under the assumption of harmonic motion, the governing partial differential equation reduces to a system of ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. The numerical scheme that solves this system for various boundary conditions is successfully tested vs. known analytical solutions, and it is subsequently used to compute the forced vibrations of plates with more complicated thickness variations. The numerical results for these plates are compared to experimental results and found to be in good agreement. The effects of the rotatory inertias are studied and found to be important at high frequencies.
A firefly luciferase assay for subnanomolar concentrations of amphipathic substances

A sensitive assay is described for accurately quantitating subnanomolar aqueous concentrations of a wide variety of amphipathic and hydrophobic biological materials. This paper extends a luciferase-luciferin method previously used to measure aqueous concentrations of anesthetics to a variety of hormones, metabolites, and membrane active agents. The assay can cover analyte ranges from picomolar to micromolar. The sensitivity of the assay is shown to correlate with the hydrophobic nature of the analyte. The mechanism of the assay appears to result from competition of analyte with luciferin for a hydrophobic binding site on the luciferase molecule. This assay allows measurement of the partitioning of analytes into lipid bilayers from aqueous solution.
Activity of bulbar respiratory neurons during passive hyperventilation.

Abstract Discharge of bulbar respiratory neurons was recorded extracellularly with tungsten microelectrodes in pentobarbitalized, in urethanized, and in unanesthetized decerebrate cats. Neuronal discharges were followed while the animals were hyperventilated to apnea. Most inspiratory neurons were inactivated, with late neurons first affected. Some early units continued to exhibit a respiratory rhythm for a few seconds after apnea was induced. An estimated quarter of all inspiratory neurons went progressively into tonic discharge which could not be arrested by further overventilation. The majority of expiratory neurons was sent into slow tonic discharge could not be arrested by additional overventilation. Prior to hyperventilation, most of these neurons began firing in the early expiratory phase. The remaining expiratory neurons, predominantly late units, were progressively inactivated by hyperventilation. Results suggest that in this type of apnea the residual tonic discharge exists simultaneously in inspiratory and expiratory neuron populations. In recovery from apnea, some members of both inspiratory and expiratory neuron populations began to discharge rhythmically a few cycles before any discernible inspiration.
Emotion words are remembered better in the left ear.

In dichotic listening studies, numerous investigators have shown a left ear advantage (i.e., right hemisphere superiority), when judging emotional tone of speech. In the present study, dichotic word‐pairs of emotion and non‐emotion words were presented to participants who were instructed to recall the entire list in each block. Unlike other studies in which participants responded to emotional intonations, participants in the present investigation listened to stimuli that were spoken in a neutral intonation. A total of 62 participants listened to emotion (e.g., loving) and non‐emotion (e.g., combine) words that were dichotically presented. The results showed a left ear advantage for emotion words. This finding provides strong support for the right‐hemisphere hypothesis in the form of a stronger memory for emotion words presented to the left ear. The findings are consistent with the role of the right hemisphere in the perception of emotional information.
Systems architecture in transition: an overview

Systems architecture refers to the distribution of function and control among elements of a system. It is primarily a structural concept that includes the original meaning of the word architecture in the form of "processor architecture." This paper undertakes to describe topics of current interest in the evolution of computing structures. It discusses various unit structures that may emerge as the economics and capabilities of technology relax more and more constraints Of particular interest is the internal structure of a central computing complex, the relation of computing elements and I/O elements, and the maturity of the I/O elements. The paper also suggests that the structures found within a single computing unit may be realized across larger elements more widely dispersed, Hardware and software issues are addressed.
Chromosome passenger complexes control anaphase duration and spindle elongation via a kinesin-5 brake

During mitosis, chromosome passenger complexes (CPCs) exhibit a well-conserved association with the anaphase spindle and have been implicated in spindle stability. However, their precise effect on the spindle is not clear. In this paper, we show, in budding yeast, that a CPC consisting of CBF3, Bir1, and Sli15, but not Ipl1, is required for normal spindle elongation. CPC mutants slow spindle elongation through the action of the bipolar kinesins Cin8 and Kip1. The same CPC mutants that slow spindle elongation also result in the enrichment of Cin8 and Kip1 at the spindle midzone. Together, these findings argue that CPCs function to organize the spindle midzone and potentially switch motors between force generators and molecular brakes. We also find that slowing spindle elongation delays the mitotic exit network (MEN)-dependent release of Cdc14, thus delaying spindle breakdown until a minimal spindle size is reached. We propose that these CPC- and MEN-dependent mechanisms are important for coordinating chromosome segregation with spindle breakdown and mitotic exit.
Relationship between strained silicon-oxygen bonds and radiation induced paramagnetic point defects in silicon dioxide

Abstract We have investigated the radiation induced generation of paramagnetic point defects in high surface area sol-gel silicates containing various concentrations of the Raman active 608 cm-1 D2 band attributed to strained cyclic trisiloxanes (3-membered rings). Our results suggest a correlation between the concentration of the 3-membered rings with the concentration of radiation induced paramagnetic E' (trivalent silicon center) and oxygen centers, thus, providing the first substantive evidence of the relationship between a specific strained siloxane structure and radiation damage in amorphous silicon dioxide.
Higher Carbohydrate Versus Higher Fat Diet in Gestational Diabetes: A Pilot Study

Childbearing Paper Presentation Objective The historic practice of advising a lowcarbohydrate and higher fat diet in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus has not been sufficiently tested. In addition to glucose, high maternal triglycerides and free fatty acids are independent risk factors for fetal macrosomia and excess neonatal adiposity. We tested the hypothesis that a higher complex carbohydrate/lower fat diet would result in higher postprandial glucose excursions but an overall 24-hour glucose areaunder-the-curve resulted that is no different or lower than that of a low-carbohydrate/higher fat diet.
Retention of elements absorbed by juvenile fish (Menidia menidia, Menidia beryllina) from zooplankton prey

Radiolabeled copepods (Acartia spp.) were fed to juvenile silversides (Menidia menidia and Menidia beryllina) to study element absorption in the fish. Copepods were reared from nauplii in the presence of different radiotracers ({sup 14}C,{sup 109}Cd,{sup 57}Co,{sup 32}P,{sup 35}S,{sup 75}Se, o;r {sup 65}Zn) and were analyzed for relative concentrations of these elements in their tissue fractions. Copepod exoskeletons contained nearly all of the trace metals (>97%), 60% of the Se, and less than half of the C,P, and S accumulated by the copepods. Within the nonexoskeleton tissues of the copepods, nonpolar (CHCl{sub 3} extractable) material contained 34 and 24% of the total C and P, but only 8 and 2% of the total S and Se. Absorption efficiencies of trace metals in juvenile silversides (2.7% for Cd, 2.1% for Co, 6.2% for Zn) were an order of magnitude lower than those for nonmetals (29% for Se, 50% for S and C, 60% for P). The absorption efficiencies in the juvenile silversides of all seven elements studied were directly related to the percent of each element in the nonexoskeleton fractions of the copepod prey, indicating that the fish absorbed the soft tissues of the copepods and egested the chitinous exoskeleton and itsmore » associated elements. 32 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.« less
Laughing Through Rereadings: Using Joke Books to Build Fluency

The author explores how the use of joke books can promote fluency in young readers. One young girl's fluency improved measurably, and her engagement and motivation to read the particular kind of text involved played a significant role. يستكشف المؤلف الطريقة التي يستطيع فيها استخدام الكتب التي يوجد فيها نكات لتشجيع المرونة القرائية في القراء الصغار وعلى سبيل المثال تحسنت مرونة بنت في القراءة تحسنا ملحوظا وبالإضافة إلى ذلك لعب انشغالها وحافزها في قراءة نوع خاص من النصوص دورا مهما. 本文作者探讨如何利用笑话书提升年轻阅读者的阅读流畅程度。一名小女孩的阅读流畅程度得到显著的改进，而她对阅读笑话这种文本的投入与学习兴趣扮演了重要角色。 L'auteur explore comment l'utilisation de livres de blagues peut favoriser la fluidite chez de jeunes lecteurs. La fluidite d'une jeune lectrice s'est developpee de facon mesurable, et son investissement et sa motivation pour lire ce type particulier de texte a joue un role significatif. На примере работы с ученицей младшего возраста автор исследует, как использование книг с шутками и анекдотами может стимулировать учащихся начальной школы к овладению навыками беглого чтения. Девочка стала не только бегло читать, но и участвовать в уроке с большим вниманием и интересом, что в немалой степени объясняется характером предлагавшихся для чтения текстов. El autor explora como el uso de libros de chistes puede ayudar la fluidez de lectores jovenes. La fluidez de una nina mejoro de forma cuantificable, y su interes y motivacion por la lectura de estos textos tuvieron un papel importante en dicho mejoramiento.
Identifying Patients at High Risk for Poor Outcome After Intra-Arterial Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Intra-arterial recanalization therapy (IAT) is increasingly used for acute stroke. Despite high rates of recanalization, the outcome is variable. We attempted to identify predictors of outcome that will enable better patient selection for IAT. Methods— All patients who underwent IAT at the University of Texas Houston Stroke Center were reviewed. Poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score 4 to 6 on hospital discharge. Findings were validated in an independent data set of 175 patients from the University of California at Los Angeles Stroke Center. Results— One hundred ninety patients were identified. Mean age was 62 years and median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 0.18. Recanalization rate was 75%, symptomatic hemorrhage rate was 6%, and poor outcome rate was 66%. Variables associated with poor outcome were: age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, admission glucose, diabetes, heart disease, previous stroke, and the absence ...
High-frequency behavior and damping of Fe-Co-N-based high-saturation soft magnetic films

Magnetization dynamics measurements at subnanosecond time scale have been performed on Fe-Co-N high-saturation soft magnetic films with Permalloy nanolayer seeds and having a saturation magnetization of 1.9 MA/m (1900 emu/cm/sup 3/). The damping parameter /spl alpha/ varies from 0.011 to 0.018, depending on applied bias field. The peak frequencies of the imaginary permeability spectra and the zero-crossing frequencies of the real permeability spectra cannot be fitted with a fixed value of anisotropy field, indicating that the Kittel equation is only qualitatively valid for these films. A phenomenological damping criterion is established based on a small-signal solution of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation: critical damping occurs in a soft magnetic film when the damping parameter is /spl alpha/=2//spl radic/(/spl chi//sub 0/), where /spl chi//sub 0/ is the initial permeability. The experimentally observed damping parameters are smaller than the critical value for the range of bias fields employed. The Fe-Co-N-based films have a ferromagnetic resonance frequency of 2 GHz at zero-bias field, showing great promise for applications in write heads and integrated inductors in a frequency range >1 GHz.
Analysis of singular stress fields in duplex fusion components

Abstract Thermal and swelling stress fields in bonded structures are sought using a model consisting of two thin, rectangular strips perfectly bonded along one surface. Existing results for stresses in the bulk, based on beam theory, are presented and their limitations are discussed. Plane elasticity is used to derive general solutions for the stress fields near the edge of the structure, in many cases yielding logarithmic or algebraic singularities. Methods for coupling these general edge fields to the stresses in the bulk are discussed, and the techniques are applied to materials and loading conditions relevant to fusion components. The impact of swelling and creep on both the order of the singularity and on its intensity is shown.
Binding of anthracene to cellular macromolecules in the presence of light.

Ultraviolet radiation (δ > 295 nm) induced covalent binding of anthracene to DNA which increased with time and was not affected by oxygen. Irradiation in the presence of anthracene induced nicking of Col E, circular DNA and decreased the thermal denaturation temperature of calf thymus DNA. These effects were oxygen dependent, and were decreased by GMP. Irradiation of anthracene and human serum albumin resulted in covalent binding of the hydrocarbon to the protein accompanied by crosslinking of the protein. Protein crosslinking decreased under anaerobic conditions. Irradiation of anthracene bound to liposomes induced lipid peroxidation which was not affected by superoxide dismutase or catalase.
Bacterial vaginosis: many questions--any answers?

Purpose of review Bacterial vaginosis, a common disorder among young women, is associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes. This review summarizes our current understanding of bacterial vaginosis and where future research should be focused. Recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in both nonpregnant and pregnant populations are discussed. Recent findings Little progress has been made in understanding the causal factors. The results of several large prospective studies have shown that racial differences persist for rates of bacterial vaginosis even when other known risk factors are controlled for. Studies of the gene-environment interaction that examine the genetic aspects of immune response may explain racial differences and why some but not all women with bacterial vaginosis experience complications. Trials to prevent preterm birth by the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy are disappointing. Resistance to clindamycin by bacterial vaginosis-associated anaerobic organisms has also been documented. New technology to provide rapid point-of-care diagnostic testing for bacterial vaginosis has emerged. Summary To understand the vaginal ecosystem and its role in reproductive health and disease, we will need to study not only the microflora but also the host-immune response. Currently recommended treatment options for bacterial vaginosis are associated with high rates of recurrence. A new concern is the development of macrolide resistance to vaginal anaerobic flora when clindamycin is used as treatment. Further studies are still needed to determine whether prevention or control of bacterial vaginosis, particularly approaches that rely not on antibiotic treatment but on the maintenance of a healthy vaginal ecosystem, can reduce adverse health outcomes.
Some Analytical Aspects of the Immunochemical Determination of the Selectivity of Proteinuria

The selectivity of proteinuria has been determined from the relative clearances of α1-acid glycoprotein, albumin, transferrin and IgG in 190 children and adolescents. The precision of the determination of selectivity (C.V. = 3%) is greater than that of the individual protein clearances determined by a double immunodiffusion method (C.V. = 13–22%). Neither sample storage for a limited period nor concentrating the urine affects the selectivity value significantly; serial determinations in one patient for 24 h showed no diurnal variation.The effectiveness of selectivity in predicting the steroid response in the nephrotic syndrome was found to be slightly superior when determined from all four proteins than from transferrin and IgG alone. Inclusion of α2-macroglobulin relative clearance in the selectivity determination often significantly alters the value determined from the other four proteins alone. The reasons for this are discussed. Demonstration of α2M in urine which has not been concentrated, strongly s...
Software Sales by it Departments: Managing the Opportunities and Issues

Abstract Corporate managers are keenly aware of the need to implement cost reductions as well as new profit-making initiatives. These sometimes-conflicting demands can lead to innovative approaches. For example, some IT departments have become profit centers by selling their own software products. This article addresses some of the benefits associated with becoming a vendor, as well as the management challenges that must be addressed for this type of initiative to be successful.
Role of Baculovirus IE2 and Its RING Finger in Cell Cycle Arrest

The ie2 gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) is known to transactivate transient expression from viral promoters in a host cell-specific manner. We report that transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda (SF-21) cells with ie2 was sufficient to arrest the cell cycle, resulting in the accumulation of enlarged cells with abnormally high DNA contents. By 72 h posttransfection, more than 50% of ie2-transfected cells had DNA contents greater than 4N. There was no evidence of mitotic spindle formation in these cells, and expression of ie2 appeared to block cell cycle progression in S phase. Several ie2 mutants were analyzed to further define the region of IE2 responsible for arresting the cell cycle. Analysis of these mutants showed that deletion of the RING finger motif eliminated the ability of IE2 to arrest the cell cycle but did not affect its ability to transactivate the ie1 promoter. Moreover, mutation of a single conserved cysteine (C251) of the RING finger motif abolished the ability of IE2 to block cell cycle progression but had no apparent effect on its transregulatory activity. In contrast, a mutant of IE2 containing a deletion of residues 94 to 173 was able to block cell division but lacked trans-regulatory activity. Thus, the ability of IE2 to arrest the cell cycle depended on the integrity of the RING finger motif and was distinct from and independent of its ability to trans-activate the ie1 promoter. IE2 also arrested the division of cells derived from other insect species, Trichoplusia ni (TN-368 and BTI-TN-5B1-4) and Helicoverpa zea (Hz-AM1).
EFFECTS OF DISTRIBUTING "HANDOUTS" DURING A SPEECH ON RECEIVERS' INFERRED INFORMATION PROCESSING '

Sum~nary.-The experiment examined the adage that material should never be given members of an audience during a speech presentation. 45 students enrolled in speech fundamentals courses were exposed to one of three versions of a speech, which informed students of an impending $50 fee increase to improve university parking facilities. The speaker, allegedly a representative from Parking Services, discussed four main benefits of the fee increase. In one version, he began by distributing a handout listing four main benefirs to the he increase. A second version listed four benefits different from those identified in the speech, while a control condition received no handout. The control condition established the receivers' dominant cognitive response as negative. This negauve response was accentuated when the handout repeared the four main points but was less when the handout provided a competing me\sdgc lo the form of information not contained in the speech. Results were discussed u.~th reference to previous research on distraction theory and repetition of a message. Virtually all speech fundamentals texts devote space to the issue of visual aids. Their usual approach is to cite a series of "dos and don'ts" along with the perspective that use of visual aids are of potential benefit to speakers' success. Often repeated in popular textbooks is a study by Linkugel and Berg (1970) who reported that, when knowledge was imparted by telling alone, recall was 70% 3 hr. later and only 10% three days later. When imparted by showing alone, recall was 72% after 3 hr., 35% after three days. When information was imparted by tehg and showing, recall was 85% 3 hr. later, 65% three days later. Also, Bohn and Jabusch (1982) tested various methods of instruction, concluding that the visually aided presentations significantly enhanced message retention. According to White (1978, p. 158), "Experimental, as well as practical, experience demonstrates that most of our learning is acquired by means of the eye rather than the ear and that we learn more quickly, remember better and are more deeply impressed when both of these senses are uthzed." Speech textbook authors typically rely on findings he those above to support an array of generalizations about the use of visual aids and may go beyond the hits of reasonable inference. For example, one commonly cited prescription is a taboo about handing out visual aid material during a presentation. According to the popular view, to
Acculturation and Acculturative Stress as Indicators for Suicide Risk Among African Americans

The literature on African American suicide and the acculturation literature were examined to derive a possible explanation for increases in suicide deaths for African American men and apparent resilience for African American women. Historically, African Americans were believed to be unaffected by suicide because of protective factors (e.g., strong religious values and cohesive familial support systems) embedded in the culture. However, minority mental health investigators have found that acculturation sometimes leads to negative consequences for individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds. Accordingly, acculturation and acculturative phenomena are proposed as a model to shed light on African American male suicide as African Americans increasingly engage mainstream values, beliefs, and practices in the absence of traditional protective factors.
The effects of full-time versus part-time employment status on attitudes toward specific organizational characteristics and overall job satisfaction.

The article focuses on a comparative study which examined the attitudes toward specific organizational characteristics and feelings of overall job satisfaction between part-time employees and full-...
Computer algorithms for plagiarism detection

A survey of computer algorithms used for the detection of student plagiarism is presented. A summary of several algorithms is provided. Common features of the different plagiarism detection algorithms are described. Ethical and administrative issues involving detected plagiarism are discussed. >
Improved Aseptically Filled Sweet Potato Purees

A high quality sweet potato puree with better color stability than frozen purees was produced by flash sterilization followed by aseptic packaging. Starch conversion time was shortened by slicing the sweet potatoes and accurately controlling the temperature during conversion. Processing of inoculated purees for 13 sec at 138°C followed by aseptic filling was adequate for commercial stability. The effect of several processing variables on puree and sweet potato souffle quality was examined. Improved quality and storage stability of sweet potato purees were accomplished by flash sterilization at very high temperatures followed by aseptic packaging.
A Perceptually-Based Texture Caching Algorithm for Hardware-Based Rendering

The performance of hardware-based interactive rendering systems is often constrained by polygon fill rates and texture map capacity, rather than polygon count alone. We present a new software texture caching algorithm that optimizes the use of texture memory in current graphics hardware by dynamically allocating more memory to the textures that have the greatest visual importance in the scene. The algorithm employs a resource allocation scheme that decides which resolution to use for each texture in board memory. The allocation scheme estimates the visual importance of textures using a perceptually-based metric that takes into account view point and vertex illumination as well as texture contrast and frequency content. This approach provides high frame rates while maximizing image quality.
A Library Based Overset Capability Development for Density- and Pressure- Based Flow Solvers

Computational simulation of flows involving bodies in relative motion is a challenging problem, which requires the capability of relocating the grid associated with moving bodies as well as the formulation of grid speed terms in the flux evaluation of the governing equations. An overset grid framework enables the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow solver to model this class of problems. However, implementing this technology into an existing CFD code can be very tedious and time consuming due to the need for laborious book-keeping as well as proper data interpolation between different layers of grids. This paper describes an overset grid approach to alleviate these problems and enhance the capability of flow solvers to handle problems involving bodies in relative motion. A library approach has been developed and adopted to handle the bookkeeping of the overlapping grids among different layers and the transfer of information across them. To have a wide applicability, this library approach should be able to support structured, unstructured, and generalized grid topologies. This approach makes it easier to incorporate the overset capability into legacy CFD solvers. In the present study, a set of developed overset grid libraries (SUGGAR and DiRTLib) was implemented into a density-based generalized grid flow solver and a pressure-based structured grid flow solver as demonstration. This implementation of the overset capability has been validated with static and moving grids and is presented in the paper.
Structure and thermomechanical properties of stretched cellulose films

Regenerated and stretched cellulose films were investigated for structure and thermomechanical properties as a potential packaging material. Cellulose films were cast from lithium chloride/N, N-dimethylacetamide and were stretched up to 30% in a dynamic mechanical analyzer sample holder. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the orientation factor was significantly increased due to stretching. In addition, the stretched films have a higher resistance to the thermal decomposition from thermo gravimetric analysis. The increased orientation of cellulose crystalline structure by the stretching process also increased the storage modulus of cellulose films characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis, which suggest that mechanical properties of cellulose films could be tuned during the stretching process. The α2 and α1 relaxations were found at 240 and 300°C, respectively, which are attributed to the micro-Brownian motion of segments in amorphous region, and activation energies for relaxations were determined with the stretching levels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Utility servers in Charlotte

Most distributed operating systems are built with a kernel replicated in each machine that supports only basic interprocess communication (IPC) and process control. All other system services, such as memory management, file system, and name service, are distributed in a set of utility servers, which are ordinary processes (except perhaps for some privileges) residing at various machines. Design and implementation of such utility servers in distributed environments are far different from those in a centralized system. This paper presents our experience in building utility servers in Charlotte, a message-based distributed operating system running on a loosely-coupled multicomputer. Utility services in Charlotte are provided by server squads. Each member in a squad covers services to its own community. The squad as a whole co-operatively provides services to the entire system. These servers are designed with the goals of simplicity, efficiency and robustness. They are intended to support a multiprogramming system for the development of distributed algorithms and other distributed applications. We address several major issues in developing a utility server, including the server structure, the management of message buffers, deadlock, and the robustness of server processes. Several utility servers in the Charlotte system are discussed as real examples.
8.1: New Insights Into the Degradation of Field Emission Displays

Field emission displays can be seriously limited by the rapid current degradation of Mo field emitter arrays primarily due to poor vacuum conditions inside their thin vacuum packages. There have been a number of studies to understand the degradation mechanisms. However, we find that degradation models that have been proposed so far are not consistent with observed device behavior in a variety of gas ambients. In this paper, we present a summary of our results on residual gases inside field emission displays and the effects of these gases on emission behavior. We describe how these issues and the inter-electrode spacing leading to local pressure buildup impact device life. We present an alternate model based on shallow ion implant to explain the device behavior.
The Effects of Diseases, Drugs, and Chemicals on the Creativity and Productivity of Famous Sculptors, Classic Painters, Classic Music Composers, and Authors

Abstract Context.—Many myths, theories, and speculations exist as to the exact etiology of the diseases, drugs, and chemicals that affected the creativity and productivity of famous sculptors, classic painters, classic music composers, and authors. Objective.—To emphasize the importance of a modern clinical chemistry laboratory and hematology coagulation laboratory in interpreting the basis for the creativity and productivity of various artists. Design.—This investigation analyzed the lives of famous artists, including classical sculptor Benvenuto Cellini; classical sculptor and painter Michelangelo Buonarroti; classic painters Ivar Arosenius, Edvard Munch, and Vincent Van Gogh; classic music composer Louis Hector Berlioz; and English essayist Thomas De Quincey. The analysis includes their illnesses, their famous artistic works, and the modern clinical chemistry, toxicology, and hematology coagulation tests that would have been important in the diagnosis and treatment of their diseases. Conclusions.—The a...
Robotic surgery for posterior mediastinal pathology.

Clinical vignette A 51-year-old Caucasian female presented for evaluation of a superior posterior mediastinal mass. The lesion was incidentally found after the patient was involved in a motor vehicle collision. During her trauma evaluation, a computed tomography scan of the chest showed a left paraspinal lesion measuring 2.4 cm by 2 cm (Figure 1). The Hounsfield units were consistent with fluid versus low density soft tissue mass. She had a past medical history consisting of arthritis, fibromyalgia and subarachnoid hemorrhage related to her accident. Her previous surgical procedures included cesarean section, total abdominal hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy and left arm open reduction with internal fixation. She smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily, having done so for her entire adult life. She denied any limitation to her daily activities and had a good performance status. She worked as a registered nurse. The patient was consented for a left robotic excision of mediastinal mass.