cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protection effectiveness of Mumps attenuated live vaccine against mump outbreak in schools

Objective To assessprotection effectiveness of the mumps attenuated live vaccine against mump outbreak occurring in schools and to provide basis for improving immunization strategy of mumps. Methods Information of mumps attenuated live vaccine among students of classes having more than three cases in the affected schools from 2012 to 2014 was collected. Institutions were divided into different age groups with having vaccined as exposure factor,and the history of vaccination with mumps attenuated live vaccine was analyzed. A historical cohort study was conducted. Results A total of 501 students in 3 schools were enrolled. It was found that the mumps incidence was 14. 97%( 75 /501) during the outbreak. The attack rate was 13. 59%( 59 /434)for those vaccinated,and 23. 88%( 16 /67) for those unvaccinated,statistical difference was found in different rates( χ2= 4. 824,P 0. 05). The estimated VE for Mu V was 43. 1%( 95% CI = 7. 2%- 65. 1%). Stratified analysis according mumps vaccination rate and dose indicated that the effectiveness of 1-dose mumps vaccination was 88. 0%( 95% CI = 76. 3%- 101. 4%),and 2-dose0. 882( 95% CI = 0. 761- 1. 022),3-dose 0. 913( 95% CI = 0. 623- 1. 339),respectively. All these situations showed no protective effect( P 0. 05). Stratified analysis according time interval from the time of last mumps vaccine to disease showed that the effectiveness was 0. 821( 95% CI = 0. 700- 0. 963) when time interval was less than 1 year,and 0. 825( 95% CI = 0. 701- 0. 970)when time interval was 2 years. These two situations showed protective effect. Time interval of 1,3,4,5,6,over 7 years were 0.873( 95% CI = 0. 729- 1. 046),0. 927( 95% CI = 0. 773- 1. 111),0. 864( 95% CI = 0. 726- 1. 028),0. 881( 95% CI = 0. 737-1. 053),1. 042( 95% CI = 0. 796- 1. 363) 0. 881( 95% CI = 0. 759- 1. 022),respectively. All these situations showed no protective effect( P 0. 05). Conclusions Mu V is the most effective measure to prevent and control mumps. But dose of Mu V over three years after the vaccinations is not effective enough to prevent transmission of mumps outbreak in schools.
Mending lips and closing gaps.

An ever-increasing number of plastic surgeons donate their time and skills in foreign lands. The author describes Operation PHIL-PLAST, an ongoing cleft program in the Philippines, and discusses various aspects of plastic surgical missions abroad.
Dissecting the genetic determinants of hemostasis and thrombosis.

Purpose of Review New DNA genotyping and sequencing technologies have facilitated the rapid advancement in our knowledge of human genomic variation and a search for the heritable determinants of complex genetic traits. This review highlights findings from recent genetic studies of complex traits primarily related to venous thromboembolism and provides tools to understand and interpret genome-wide association studies and next generation sequencing studies.
Manganese Compounds without CO or Isocyanides

This review covers in detail the chemistry of manganese compounds without carbonyl or isonitrile ligands from 1993 through 2005. Recent developments in the chemistry of manganocene and its derivatives are well the extensive manganese centers linked by conjugated carbon bridges, with linkages of 2, 4 and even 8 carbons. The material in the chapter is organized by ligand type, and when two or more ligand types are present the reactions are listed under that with the lower hapticity.
Associations between psychological test results and failure to proceed with bariatric surgery.

Abstract Background The reasons why some patients who begin the presurgical process for bariatric surgery fail to complete the procedure are understudied. Previous research implies that psychological factors play a role. Objectives To examine whether scores from baseline psychological testing incrementally predict failure to proceed with bariatric surgery beyond demographic information in patients' medical charts and data derived from a clinical interview. Setting Cleveland Clinic Bariatric and Metabolic Institute. Methods The sample (n = 1160) was mainly female (72.41%), middle aged (mean age=46.07 yr, SD=11.70) and of Caucasian descent (65.76%). Hierarchical logistic regressions were conducted to test the incremental validity of baseline Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form scores after controlling for information gathered from the psychological interview and medical charts. Relative risk ratios were calculated to reflect the clinical utility of the results. Results In total, 27.16% of patients failed to proceed with bariatric surgery after 1 year or more after a recommendation for surgery from their psychological evaluations. Psychological test scores were substantially associated with failure to proceed with surgery and significantly accounted for up to 6% of additional variance after controlling for psychological interview variables and medical chart data. Elevated scores on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form scales, such as anxiety and substance use, identify patients at up to 2.5 times greater risk for failing to proceed with bariatric surgery. Conclusions Objective psychological test data—notably, scale scores assessing for substance abuse, anxiety, and demoralization—add to information obtained from a clinical interview and medical records in identifying patients at risk for failing to proceed with bariatric surgery.
Transient Stochastic Analysis of Biodegradable Contaminant Transport: First-Order Decay

A stochastic methodology was used to analyze the field-scale transport of solutes in heterogeneous aquifers with first-order biodegradation. Spectral methods and perturbation techniques were utilized to develop expressions for the field-scale effective parameters in the mean transport model. Expressions were obtained for the longitudinal and transverse macrodispersivity coefficients, and effective velocity and an effective decay parameter for statistically anisotropic, and isotropic, heterogeneous porous medium, respectively. The behavior of these parameters was described as function of time and log K correlation scale. The expressions for asymptotic values of the dispersivity coefficients and effective velocity and decay parameters were also derived for the isotropic case.
Imaging the Lipid Landscape within Focal Adhesions with Super-Resolution Microscopy

Integrins are transmembrane adhesion receptors that partner with extracellular ligands and cytoskeletal proteins to form multi-protein adhesive complexes known as focal adhesions. These complexes span across large, micron-sized membrane domains and provide a link between the cell and its environment. Additionally, they serve as cell signaling hubs, regulating cell growth and motility by relaying mechanical and biochemical signals throughout the cell. Focal adhesion functionality is hypothesized to be sensitive to cell membrane composition, driven at least in part by the tendency for the plasma membrane to separate into ordered and disordered domains resembling liquid phases observed in model membranes.
Abstract 21: Sortilin Is a Novel Mediator of Cellular Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake

Using genome-wide association studies and follow-up functional studies, we recently identified the SORT1 gene as a novel regulator of blood low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. SORT1 encodes sortilin, also known as neurotensin receptor 3, a protein that functions as a multiligand sorting receptor. Sortilin localizes to various intracellular compartments including the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, and it has roles in both endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of other proteins. To test whether sortilin regulates blood LDL-C levels by influencing cellular uptake of LDL particles, we used a lentiviral delivery system to stably overexpress the wild-type protein or either of two trafficking mutants_the first, designated LAYA, traffics to the plasma membrane but cannot undergo endocytosis, and the second, designated STOP, remains trapped in the Golgi apparatus. When overexpressed in cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, we found that wild-type sortilin dramatically increases LDL uptake into the endolysosomal compartment for degradation, and the LAYA mutant robustly traps LDL particles in the plasma membrane, whereas the STOP mutant does not affect LDL uptake. We observed similar effects in skin fibroblasts taken from a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia_and thus are deficient in LDL receptor function_suggesting that sortilin can facilitate LDL uptake independently of the LDL receptor. As a complementary approach, we have generated human SORT1 knockout cells, using the novel TAL effector nuclease (TALEN) technology, to introduce frameshift mutations into the coding sequence and thereby disrupt the SORT1 alleles. Besides providing a proof-of-principle that we can for the first time rapidly and efficiently generate gene knockouts in human cells, the SORT1 knockout cells are allowing us to assess the effects of sortilin deficiency on LDL uptake.
Current Knowledge and Management of Hypersensitivity to Aspirin and NSAIDs

Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are some of the most common culprits of drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions, and can lead to a wide array of adverse effects. The accurate and timely diagnosis of aspirin and NSAID-induced hypersensitivity reactions is important for both patient safety and for the initiation of appropriate disease-specific management and treatment. Because there are no reliably validated in vitro tests available, aspirin and NSAID challenges are considered to be the criterion standard for the diagnosis of these hypersensitivity reactions, though in some patients the diagnosis can be made on the basis of a clear clinical history.
Brief Report: Lipid Peroxidation in Aging Platelets

Blood platelets showed an age dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. Lipid peroxidation stimulated by heavy metal also increased with platelet age and rose at a much faster rate than the spontaneous peroxide formation. This suggests the loss of a cellular defense mechanism against lipid peroxidation in aging blood platelets.
Abstract AP23: A PLATINUM–RESISTANT SUBTYPE OF HIGH–GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER IDENTIFIED BY A NETWORK OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS

PURPOSE: Like many solid tumors, high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a heterogeneous entity with a widely variable clinical course even among patients of the same stage and histological subtype. Although most patients will achieve remission with platinum-based chemotherapy, approximately 20% will display primary platinum resistance. If it were possible to platinum resistance from the molecular profile of a tumor, patients with platinum resistant tumor could be identified for alternative therapy, however, currently no such biomarker exists. METHODS: We have recently developed an analysis method called Network-based Stratification (NBS), which combines genome-scale somatic mutation profiles with genetic interaction networks. Briefly, somatic mutations for each patient are mapped onto a network, and then the influence of each mutation is propagated over its network neighborhood to give each gene a propagated mutation score (PM score). Unsupervised clustering is then used to assign the propagated networks into subtypes. RESULTS: Using NBS a high risk subtype consisting of approximately 20% of the patients was identified in both TCGA (n=330) and the ICGC (n=92) HGSOC cohorts. The median overall survival (OS) for the high risk (HR) subtype was a year less than standard risk (SR) subtype (36 vs. 48 mo, Log rank p = 1.6x 10-5) in TCGA cohort and similarly shorter (22 mo vs. not-yet-reached, p = 3.6x10-4), see figure 1. These survival differences were independent of age, tumor stage and residual tumor after surgical resection. The PM scores of the HR tumors from TCGA and ICGC cohorts we remarkably correlated (Pearson r2 = 0.94, p We then built a classifier to identify molecularly matched cell line models for in vitro study. The three cell lines with mutation profiles match the HR subtype (Kuramochi,Ovkate, OAW28) were significantly more resistant to cisplatin relative to cell lines characteristic of SR tumors (COV318, TYK-NU, OVCAR4), (IC50 14.4 vs. 3.3 µM, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in sensitivity to paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS: NBS can be used to identify a molecular distinct subtype of HGSOC characterized by poor patient survival and primary platinum resistance. Citation Format: John Paul Shen, Ana Bojorquez-Gomez, Justin Huang, Matan Hofree, Kristin Klepper, Alex Beckett, Cheryl Saenz, Jason Kreisberg, Trey Ideker. A PLATINUM–RESISTANT SUBTYPE OF HIGH–GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER IDENTIFIED BY A NETWORK OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr AP23.
Assessing the Importance of Housing, Accessibility, and Transportation Characteristics on Stated Neighbourhood Preference

Beyond socioeconomic circumstance, residential location decisions are also predicated on many housing, transportation, and accessibility characteristics. Consequently, greater insight is needed on ...
Housing Immigrant Children — The Inhumanity of Constant Illumination

Housing Immigrant Children Immigrant children are being held in a Texas warehouse where the lights remain on 24 hours a day — conditions that will disrupt their sleep and seriously harm their health. As they struggle with enormous stresses, the least we can do is let them sleep.
Ch. R-6 Isolation and Characterization of Anaerobic Halophilic Bacteria From Oil Reservoir Brines

Abstract Three metabolic types of obligately anaerobic, halophilic bacteria were isolated from oil reservoir brines and characterized to better understand the ecology of an oil reservoir. These included a methanogenic bacterium, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, and a fermentative bacterium. All species were isolated by plating from enrichment cultures containing substrates specific for each metabolic type. The methanogenic bacterium was isolated by enrichment with trimethylamine. Methane production occurred only with trimethylamine compounds or methanol as substrates. Sodium, magnesium, and potassium were all required for growth. This organism appears to be a member of the genus Methanohalophilus , based on substrate utilization and general growth characteristics. The sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated by enrichment with a lactate-sulfate medium containing 3% NaCl. This isolate utilized lactate as an electron donor for sulfate reduction and, in addition, contained desulfovirdin, typical of the genus Desulfovibrio. In contrast to the methanogen, only sodium was required for growth. Finally, the sheathed bacterium was isolated by enrichment with glucose. Sodium was also required by this isolate for growth. This organism is a fermentative bacterium surrounded by a sheath, and is capable of reducing elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. These are all characteristics of the genus Thermotoga.
Continental Basaltic Rocks

The primary goal of this chapter is to illustrate how geochemical data can be used both to assess the origin of continental basaltic rocks and to study the evolution of the continental lithosphere. The scope of the chapter is limited to a discussion of a select group of ultramafic to mafic ‘intraplate’ igneous rocks, consisting primarily of kimberlites, potassic and sodic alkali basalts, and continental flood basalts. Although basaltic magmatism has occurred throughout Earth's history, the majority of the examples presented here are from Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic fields due to the more complete preservation of younger continental mafic igneous rocks. While considerable effort has been expended in studying the chemical differentiation of mafic magmas, the present discussion concentrates on the least differentiated basaltic rocks in a given location. Such rocks generally provide the best estimate the compositions of ‘primary’ magmas generated beneath a given volcanic field and primary magmas provide the most direct insights into the nature of the magma source regions.
Multilevel routing for 3-dimensional circuits

We present a multilevel routing algorithm for circuits modeled on the 3-Dimensional grid. The algorithm repeatedly contracts the grid by coalescing nodes until a small manageable size has been obtained. Routing is performed on the smaller size grid based on a modified shortest path technique. In the reverse process, the grid and subsequently all pre-routed paths are expanded. Additional routing of emergent nodes is performed at intermediate levels. Final routing concludes at the original level. When compared to single level routing, the algorithm dramatically improves execution time while preserving the quality of routing delays and routing lengths.
Sanctuary and the Contested Ethics of Presence

Sanctuary denotes the insulation of spaces and places and persons, designating refuge or immunity from some force or authority. In this respect, we can think of sanctuary not as challenging state power frontally but as shielding against incursions of power. It is protective and defensive; it embodies a politics of boundary maintenance. Precisely because sanctuary is a politics of boundary maintenance, it is in some respects quintessentially liberal in nature and impulse. Liberalism stands for a politics of jurisdictional boundary maintenance; it demands the separation of spheres and powers. (In political theorist Michael Walzer’s terms, liberalism is “the art of separation.”) In (heretofore) liberal democratic states like the United States, jurisdictional sphere separation has been enormously protective for noncitizen immigrants. Liberal legalism has imposed crucial constraints on the jurisdiction of interior border enforcement. That this is so becomes particularly clear in moments like the present one, in which the authoritarianizing national state is smashing through prior jurisdictional boundary settlements and extending the interior border to reach an ever wider set of spaces and moments and subjects. Which is to say: the aggressive processes of border pervasion unleashed by the Trump administration represent a systematic attack upon, and partial dismantling of, certain sanctuarist elements endemic to liberal legalism.
Supervised Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa Treatment: Directions for Research and Recovery

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a pervasive mental disorder, one that not only threatens a patient’s mental health, but also poses a serious, sometimes life-threatening, risk to the individual’s physical health. Despite advances in treatment, developments are still necessary to raise recovery rates and lower the risk of relapse. The present review examines some of the obstacles that may inhibit full recovery, the role that supervised exercise (SE) may play as an adjunctive treatment, and its contribution to the relationship between body and mind. Suggestions for future research on the incorporation of SE into treatment as a mode of facilitating a full recovery, with a consideration of potential risks to patients, are discussed.
Incremental Hacker Forum Exploit Collection and Classification for Proactive Cyber Threat Intelligence: An Exploratory Study

Cyber threats have emerged as a key societal concern. To counter the growing threat of cyber-attacks, organizations, in recent years, have begun investing heavily in developing Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI). Fundamentally a data driven process, many organizations have traditionally collected and analyzed data from internal log files, resulting in reactive CTI. The online hacker community can offer significant proactive CTI value by alerting organizations to threats they were not previously aware of. Amongst various platforms, forums provide the richest metadata, data permanence, and tens of thousands of freely available Tools, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP). However, forums often employ anti-crawling measures such as authentication, throttling, and obfuscation. Such limitations have restricted many researchers to batch collections. This exploratory study aims to (1) design a novel web crawler augmented with numerous anti-crawling countermeasures to collect hacker exploits on an ongoing basis, (2) employ a state-of-the-art deep learning approach, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), to automatically classify exploits into pre-defined categories on-the-fly, and (3) develop interactive visualizations enabling CTI practitioners and researchers to explore collected exploits for proactive, timely CTI. The results of this study indicate, among other findings, that system and network exploits are shared significantly more than other exploit types.
HIV Disease and Sleep

Abstract Sleep health is a good indicator to a person’s overall health status and general well-being. Proper sleep is one of the most important factors to healthy immunity. Protecting and restoring sleep quality are vital to well-being. Problems such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, fatigue, and hypersomnia can all affect the quality of a person’s sleep. There are over 35 million people living with HIV/AIDS infection in the world. These people suffer from many of the same sleep problems and often have more frequent or more severe symptoms. It is not clear if this is from the disease, the medications, or some other factors. HIV-positive persons need good sleep quality to maintain their immune system and help keep the disease from progressing. Treatments for sleep disorders in HIV need to be considered carefully. Interventions should start with the least invasive progress to more invasive therapies and be monitored carefully.
Themetagenomics: Exploring Thematic Structure and Predicted Functionality of 16s rRNA Amplicon Data

Abstract Analysis of microbiome data involves identifying co-occurring groups of taxa associated with sample features of interest (e.g., disease state). Elucidating such relations is often difficult as microbiome data are compositional, sparse, and have high dimensionality. Also, the configuration of co-occurring taxa may represent overlapping subcommunities that contribute to sample characteristics such as host status. Preserving the configuration of co-occurring microbes rather than detecting specific indicator species is more likely to facilitate biologically meaningful interpretations. Additionally, analyses that use taxonomic relative abundances to predict the abundances of different gene functions aggregate predicted functional profiles across taxa. This precludes straightforward identification of predicted functional components associated with subsets of co-occurring taxa. We provide an approach to explore co-occurring taxa using “topics” generated via a topic model and link these topics to specific sample features (e.g., disease state). Rather than inferring predicted functional content based on overall taxonomic relative abundances, we instead focus on inference of functional content within topics, which we parse by estimating interactions between topics and pathways through a multilevel, fully Bayesian regression model. We apply our methods to three publicly available 16S amplicon sequencing datasets: an inflammatory bowel disease dataset from Gevers et al., an oral cancer dataset from Schmidt et al., and a time-series dataset from David et al. Using our topic model approach to uncover latent structure in 16S rRNA amplicon surveys, investigators can (1) capture groups of co-occurring taxa termed topics; (2) uncover within-topic functional potential; (3) link taxa co-occurrence, gene function, and environmental/host features; and (4) explore the way in which sets of co-occurring taxa behave and evolve over time. These methods have been implemented in a freely available R package: https://github.com/EESI/themetagenomics.
Evaluation of Stein-O'Brien et al.: To See a World in a Grain of Sand-How to Reveal a Common Latent Space through Multiple Platform Omics Data

One snapshot of the peer review process for "Decomposing Cell Identity for Transfer Learning across Cellular Measurements, Platforms, Tissues, and Species" (Stein-O'Brien et al., 2019).
Abstract 1037: Axl is critical for pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a leading cause of cancer-related death in the US, has a high metastatic rate that is associated with persistent immune suppression. Axl, a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, MerTK) receptor tyrosine kinase family, has been identified as a critical factor that drives metastasis and immune suppression in many cancer types. We have shown that pharmacological inhibition of Axl significantly reduces tumor progression and metastasis and improves response to chemotherapy in multiple preclinical PDAC models. Here we demonstrate that Axl-deficient PDAC bearing mice have longer median survival, smaller tumors, fewer metastases and higher sensitivity to chemotherapy (gemcitabine) compared to Axl wild-type (WT) PDAC mice. Furthermore, Axl-deficient PDAC displays a more differentiated histology and has a more inflammatory and active immune microenvironment. Single cell RNA sequencing of PDAC genetically engineered mouse models reveals that Axl is expressed highly in tumor cells that have a mesenchymal-like phenotype and Axl expression correlates with classic markers of mesenchymal tumor cells at the RNA and protein level. To investigate the importance of Axl on tumor cells, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to knockout Axl in PDAC cells. Human and murine Axl-deficient PDAC cells displayed a more differentiated (epithelial) phenotype in vitro including reduced migratory capacity compared to Axl WT parental cells. Orthotopic injection of Axl-deficient murine PDAC cells into Axl WT mice resulted in longer median survival and fewer metastases compared to WT mice injected with WT PDAC cells. However, Axl-deficient mice injected with WT PDAC cell injection showed similar median survival and metastases as WT mice injected with WT PDAC cells. These in vivo results indicate that Axl expression on tumor cells is critical for PDAC progression and metastasis. In vitro experiments using WT and Axl-deficient human PDAC cells show that Axl is required for TGFβ-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition, probably through regulating the expression of Smad2 and Smad4. Interesting, Axl depletion has no effect on the mRNA level of Smad2 and Smad4, but does decrease the protein level, indicating that Axl might be involved in post-translational regulation (e.g., protein stability) of canonical TGFβ signaling intermediates. In summary, our study demonstrates that Axl expressed by pancreatic cancer cells is critical to tumor cell plasticity, tumor progression and metastasis. Citation Format: Wenting Du, Huocong Huang, Jason Toombs, Zhaoning Wang, Abdel Hosein, Natalie Burton, Rolf A. Brekken. Axl is critical for pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1037.
Lack of Glycemic Legacy Effects in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.

In randomized trials, intensive glycemic control has not resulted in lower risks of major cardiovascular events or death than standard glycemic control among patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes...
Di­carbonyl­bis­(tri­phenyl­phosphine)­nickel(0): a redetermination at 90 K

The structure of the title compound, [Ni(C18H15P)2(CO)2], has been redetermined from high-resolution data collected at 90 K. The crystal structure reveals tetrahedral coordination geometry for nickel, with two tri­phenyl­phosphine and two carbonyl ligands. The Ni atom lies on a twofold rotation axis.
7. PROFESSIONAL FULFILLMENT IN PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS

Knowledge about physician burnout is vast, but little is known about professional fulfillment. It is defined as satisfaction and meaningfulness with self-efficacy at work. The purpose of this study was to examine professional fulfillment and burnout among pediatric residents at SUNY Upstate using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (SPFI). It is a 16-item survey that has been previously validated. It has been recognized by the National Academy of Medicine as an important resource for assessing clinician well-being. The survey with additional demographic questions was distributed to residents in November 2018. Data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools hosted at SUNY Upstate. Residents received a unique link to the index to maintain confidentiality. This study was determined to be exempt from IRB review. 76% of residents completed the survey. Responses to many questions were similar across training levels. There is a positive sense of professional fulfillment; at least 2/3 selected moderately/very true for these questions. 92% of PL-1s indicated feeling happy at work to be moderately/very true, compared to 81% of senior residents (PL-2/3/4). On feeling in control when dealing with difficult problems at work, 52% of PL-1s said this was moderately/very true vs. 81% of seniors. At least 1/3 indicated responses of "moderately" on questions about burnout. One-fifth responded they felt a lot of emotional exhaustion at work; 8% of PL-1s vs. 29% of seniors. 40% of all residents indicated they were moderately less empathetic with colleagues - 15% of PL-1s vs. 52% of seniors. This is a small sample at a single site and results may not be generalized to other programs at our institution or other pediatric programs. There are no published reports using the SPFI exclusively in pediatric residents and therefore we lack other data for comparison. We will use these results to develop resources aimed at mitigating burnout, focusing on improving empathy and decreasing emotional exhaustion. We will use the SPFI quarterly to gauge the impact of changes on professional fulfillment.
Characterization of Amino Acid Based Molecular Micelles with Molecular Modeling.

The enantiomers of chiral drugs often have different potencies, toxicities, and biochemical properties. Therefore, the FDA and other worldwide regulatory agencies require manufactures to test and prove the enantiomeric purity of chiral drugs. Amino acid based molecular micelles (AABMM) have been used in chiral CE separations since the 1990’s because of their low environmental impact and because their properties can easily be tuned by changing the amino acids in the chiral surfactant head groups. Using molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structures and properties of AABMM is part of an ongoing study focusing on investigating and elucidating the factors responsible for chiral recognition with AABMM. The results will be useful for the proper design and selection of more efficient chiral selectors. The micelles investigated contained approximately twenty covalently linked surfactant monomers. Each monomer was in turn composed of an undecyl hydrocarbon chain bound to a dipeptide headgroup containing of all combinations of L-Alanine, L-Valine, and L-Leucine. These materials are of interest because they are effective chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis separations. Molecular dynamics simulation analyses were used to investigate how the sizes and positions of the headgroup amino acid R-groups affected the solvent accessible surface areas of each AABMM chiral center. In addition, headgroup dihedral angle analyses were used to investigate how amino acid R-group size and position affected the overall headgroup conformations. Finally, distance measurements were used to study the structural and conformational flexibilities of each AABMM headgroup. All analyses were performed in the context of a broader study focused on developing structure-based predictive tools to identify the factors responsible for a) self-assembly, b) function, c) higher ordered structure and d) molecular recognition of these amino acid based molecular micelles.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) as a promoter of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and diabetes.

Abstract Objective Expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and metabolic inflammation are consequences of obesity and associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Metabolically activated adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) undergo qualitative and quantitative changes that influence their inflammatory responses. How these cells contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in humans is not well understood. Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase (CH25H) converts cholesterol into 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), an oxysterol that modulates immune responses. Using human and murine models, we investigated the role of CH25H in metabolic inflammation. Methods We performed transcriptomic (RNASeq) analysis on the human whole AT biopsies and sorted ATMs from obese non-diabetic (NDM) and obese diabetic (DM) subjects to inquire if CH25H was increased in DM. We challenged mice lacking Ch25h with a high-fat diet (HFD) to characterize their metabolic and immunologic profiling. Ch25h KO mice and human adipose tissue biopsies from NDM and DM subjects were analyzed. LC-MS was conducted to measure 25-HC level in AT. In vitro analysis permitted us to investigate the effect of 25-HC on cytokine expression. Results In our RNASeq analysis of human visceral and subcutaneous biopsies, gene pathways related to inflammation were increased in obese DM vs. non-DM subjects that included CH25H. CH25H was enriched in the stromal vascular fraction of human adipose tissue and highly expressed in CD206+ human ATMs by flow cytometry analysis. We measured the levels of the oxysterols, 25-HC and 7α25diHC, in human visceral adipose tissue samples and showed a correlation between BMI and 25-HC. Using mouse models of diet-induced obesity (DIO), we found that HFD-induced Ch25h expression in eWAT and increased levels of 25-HC in AT. On HFD, Ch25h KO mice became obese but exhibited reduced plasma insulin levels, improved insulin action, and decreased ectopic lipid deposit. Improved insulin sensitivity in Ch25h KO mice was due to attenuation of CD11c+ adipose tissue macrophage infiltration in eWAT. Finally, by testing AT explants, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and SVF cells from Ch25h deficient mice, we observed that 25-HC is required for the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. 25-HC was also able to induce inflammatory genes in preadipocytes. Conclusions Our data suggest a critical role for CH25H/25-HC in the progression of meta-inflammation and insulin resistance in obese humans and mouse models of obesity. In response to obesogenic stimuli, CH25H/25-HC could exert a pro-inflammatory role.
The construct and predictive validity of adaptive behavior

The construct and predictive validity of adaptive behavior of mentally retarded persons was investigated using a multitrait multimethod analysis. The validity issues of concern were (a) how generalizable the adaptive behavior dimension is over a variety of measurement methods, (b) how adaptive behavior relates to mental age (MA), and (c) how well adaptive behavior assessment references placement in programs and situations. Adaptive behavior and MA were assessed by program participation, psychometric ratings, and overall staff ratings. Adaptive behavior had high convergent validity and low discriminant validity and predicted MA program placement better than did MA. We concluded that adaptive behavior scores could replace MA.
Damping and mode shape modification for additively manufactured walls with captured powder

Abstract This paper describes the fabrication, modeling, and dynamic testing of laser powder bed fusion stainless steel walls with captured powder cores. The purpose of the study is to determine the increased structural damping, or energy dissipation, and mode shape modification caused by the inclusion of the unmelted powder core within the solid walls. It is shown experimentally that the damping increases with larger powder core width and that the damping addition is mode dependent. Damping increases over the solid wall values by factors of 2.9–225 are reported depending on the mode number and core width. It is also seen that the mode shapes are distorted relative to the solid wall results as the core width is increased and wall thickness is decreased. Comparisons with finite element models confirm this trend.
Mentorship Effectiveness in Cardiothoracic Surgical Training.

Background Mentoring is an essential component of cardiothoracic surgery training, yet trainees report varied experiences despite substantial efforts to enhance mentorship opportunities. This study aimed to evaluate mentorship effectiveness and identify gaps in mentorship education. Methods A survey was distributed to cardiothoracic surgical trainees in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited programs (n = 531). Responses to 16 questions concerning trainee experiences, expectations, and perspectives on mentorship were collected. An 11-component mentorship effectiveness tool generated a composite score (0 to 55), with a score of 44 or lower indicating less effective mentorship. Results Sixty-seven residents completed the survey (12.6%), with most (83.6%) reporting a current mentor. Trainees with mentors cited “easy to work with and approachable” (44 of 58; 75.9%) as the major criterion for mentor selection, whereas trainees without a mentor reported an inability to identify one who truly reflected the resident’s needs (6 of 11; 45.5%). Resident age, gender, race or ethnicity, marital status, family status, postgraduate year, and training program type or size were not associated with having a mentor (P = .15 to .73). The median mentorship effectiveness score was 51 (interquartile range, 44, 55). More than one-third of residents (25 of 67) had either no mentor (n = 6) or less effective mentorship (n = 16), or both (n = 3). Resident and program characteristics were not associated with mentorship effectiveness (P = .39 to .99). Finally, 61.2% of residents had not received education on effective mentorship, and 53.8% did not currently serve as a mentor. Conclusions Many resident respondents have either no mentor or less effective mentorship, and most reported not having received education on mentorship. Addressing these gaps in mentorship training and delivery should be prioritized.
At the intersection of culture, bilingualism, and mathematics: breaking language norms in a seventh-grade dual-language classroom for biliteracy development

As it is a common practice in Dual Language Education (DLE) classrooms throughout the United States, language separation tends to be a planning policy that is usually enforced by curriculum designe...
The Search for Racially Diverse Schools: Understanding How a Diverse State Lacks Diverse Campuses:

The purpose of this research is to examine the prevalence of racially diverse high schools in order to understand the conditions that create or inhibit the existence of diverse and equitable school...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging on articular cartilage and osteoarthritis

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging(FTIRI) system can simultaneously collect molecular spectra and morphological information by effectively integrating Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIRS) and microimaging technique. Thus, the components and molecular structure at micro-specimen can be obtained by FTIRI analysis. This paper introduced the development, operating principle and features of FTIRI, especially the research on cartilage by FTIRI that has become a new research area in biomedical optics. The typical findings and progress of the researches on normal and osteoarthritic cartilages(degeneration) by FTIRI were reviewed in detail, as well as the limitations and prospects of FTIRI in future.
A 'mix and match' approach to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Heterologous dosing with the adenovirus-based ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) vaccine followed by an mRNA vaccine induced stronger immune responses than did the homologous ChAdOx1 vaccine series, according to recent immunogenicity studies.
Development of a novel UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneously quantification of polydatin and resveratrol in plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a sensitive LC-MS-MS method to simultaneously quantify polydatin and its metabolite, resveratrol, for its application in a pharmacokinetic (PK) study and to determine polydatin hydrolysis by microflora. A Shimadzu UHPLC system coupled to an AB Sciex QTrap 4000 mass spectrometer was used for the analysis. Separation was achieved using an Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm) with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phases. Analysis was performed under negative ionization mode using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. The method was linear in the range of 9.77–1250 nM for both resveratrol and polydatin with correlation coefficient values >0.99. The method has been shown to be reproducible, with intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision ±10.4% of nominal values, for both analytes. The average extraction recovery rates were 81.78–98.3% for polydatin and 86.4–103.2% for resveratrol, respectively. Matrix effect was in the acceptable range (
The influence of higher harmonic flow forces on the response of a curved circular cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration

Abstract Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a curved circular cylinder (a quarter of a ring, with no extension added to either end) free to oscillate in the crossflow direction was studied experimentally. Both the concave and the convex orientations (with respect to the oncoming flow direction) were considered. As expected, the amplitude of oscillations in both configurations was decreased compared to a vertical cylinder with the same mass ratio. Flow visualizations showed that the vortices were shed in parallel to the curved cylinder, when the cylinder was free to oscillate. The sudden jump in the phase difference between the flow forces and the cylinder displacement observed in the VIV of vertical cylinders was not observed in the curved cylinders. Higher harmonic force components at frequencies twice and three times the frequency of oscillations were observed in flow forces acting on the vertical cylinder, as well as the curved cylinder. Asymmetry in the wake was responsible for the 2nd harmonic force component and the relative velocity of the structure with respect to the oncoming flow was responsible for the 3rd harmonic force component. The lock-in occurred over the same range of reduced velocities for the curved cylinder in the convex orientation as for a vertical cylinder, but it was extended to higher reduced velocities for a curved cylinder in the concave orientation. Higher harmonic force components were found to be responsible for the extended lock-in range in the concave orientation. Within this range, the higher harmonic forces were even larger than the first harmonic force and the structure was being excited mainly by these higher harmonic forces.
Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid

Cicatricial pemphigoid (mucous membrane pemphigoid) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that mainly affects mucous membranes showing conjunctival involvement in about 70% of cases. Skin lesions occur in 10–24% of patients [1]. It is a bilateral sight-threatening disease characterized by progressive conjunctival cicatrization associated with secondary corneal neovascularization and scarring. The disease usually presents between the ages of 30 and 90 years [2].
2D materials for photon conversion and nanophotonics

The field of two-dimensional (2D) materials has the potential to enable unique applications across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. While 2D-layered materials hold promise for next-generation photon-conversion intrinsic limitations and challenges exist that shall be overcome. Here we discuss the intrinsic limitations as well as application opportunities of this new class of materials, and is sponsored by the NSF program Designing Materials to Revolutionize and Engineer our Future (DMREF) program, which links to the President’s Materials Genome Initiative. We present general material-related details for photon conversion, and show that taking advantage of the mechanical flexibility of 2D materials by rolling MoS2/graphene/hexagonal boron nitride stack to a spiral solar cell allows for solar absorption up to 90%.
Extremely Metal-Poor Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies

New deep HST/ACS photometry of the extremely metal-poor star-forming dwarf galaxy I Zw 18 is presented and compared to a similar study of its twin sister SBS 1415+437. Chemically-unevolved systems like I Zw 18 or SBS 1415+437 represent the closest analog to primordial galaxies in the early universe. It has also been argued that some of these objects (e.g., I Zw 18) may be genuine nearby ‘young’ galaxies. However, by revealing the existence of an evolved red stellar population in both I Zw 18 and SBS 1415+437, our HST/ACS observations do not support such an interpretation.
A prospective comparison of thromboembolic stockings, external sequential pneumatic compression stockings and heparin sodium/dihydroergotamine mesylate for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in urological surgery

AbstractDeep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli are reported to occur in up to 66% of the patients undergoing a major urological operation. Thromboembolic stockings, external sequential pneumatic compression stockings and anticoagulant agents, such as heparin sodium plus dihydroergotamine mesylate, have been suggested to decrease the risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli.A total of 74 evaluable patients undergoing a major urological operation was randomized to receive either thromboembolic stockings, external sequential pneumatic compression stockings, or heparin plus dihydroergotamine as prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli.111 Indium-labeled platelet scans, performed preoperatively and on days 1, 3 and 6 postoperatively, were used to diagnose deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. Mean patient age was 63 years and all but 1 operation was performed for neoplastic disease. Deep venous thrombosis was detected in 5 of 25 patients (20%) with thromboembolic s...
A multispectral technique to determine sea surface temperature using Nimbus 2 data.

Three channels of the Nimbus 2 five-channel Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer have been employed in the development of a technique to determine sea surface temperature. Two of the channels in the 0.2-4.0 and 6.4-6.9 micron spectral regions are used to indicate a cloud-free line of sight and the third, a high signal-to-noise window channel (10-11 microns), measures the equivalent blackbody temperature (Tbb) which is a function of the thermal emission from the sea surface and the intervening atmosphere. Equivalent blackbody temperatures and normalized reflectance thresholds were established using frequency distributions from the 6.4-6.9 and 0.2-4.0 micron channels, respectively, to determine the existence of cloud-free conditions. The window Tbb's were compared with ship ocean temperature measurements for a one-month period over the western North Atlantic. This comparison revealed a plus or minus 1.5 K dispersion about the mean difference between the ship temperatures and window Tbb's between 31-34 N.