cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Profunda Femoris Pseudoaneurysm following Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision

Vascular injuries following total hip arthroplasty (THA) are very rare, with pseudoaneurysm being a small subset. We report a case of profunda femoris artery (PFA) pseudoaneurysm in a 61-year-old male following a posterior approach revision left THA. Presentation involved continued blood transfusion requirements several weeks postoperatively. Diagnosis of the pseduoaneurysm was made by contrast CT of the lower extremity, with confirmation via IR angiography. Successful embolization was achieved with selective coiling and Gelfoam. Presenting complaints of such complications are often vague and therefore lead to delayed diagnosis. Causes of such complications are not completely understood, particularly with PFA injuries in THA. Possible mechanisms are discussed in this paper. Vascular complications following THA can be difficult to diagnose. High suspicion in the setting of continued postoperative pain or bleeding may allow prompt diagnosis and avoidance of serious limb-threatening complications.
Integrated optical ring resonators fabricated by silver ion-exchange in glass

Glass integrated optical ring resonators are fabricated using silver ion-exchange. Propagation losses of 0. 1 dB/cm are consistently achieved yielding a finesse of 40. These resonators are promising devices for frequency selective applications including Sagnac-based optical gyroscopes.
Probabilistic SWE reanalysis as a generalization of deterministic SWE reconstruction techniques

Snow accumulation and melt is highly variable in space and time in complex mountainous environments. Therefore, it is necessary to provide high-resolution spatially and temporally distributed estimates of sub-basin snow water equivalent (SWE) to accurately predict the timing and magnitude of snowmelt runoff. In this study, we compare two reconstruction techniques (a commonly used deterministic reconstruction vs a probabilistic data assimilation framework). The methods retrospectively estimate SWE from a time series of remotely sensed maps of fractional snow-covered area (FSCA). In testing both methods over the Tokopah watershed in the Sierra Nevada (California), the probabilistic reconstruction approach is shown to be a more robust generalization of the deterministic reconstruction. Under idealized conditions, both probabilistic and deterministic approaches perform reasonably well and yield similar results when compared with in situ verification data, whereas the probabilistic reconstruction was found to be in slightly better agreement with snow-pit observations. More importantly, the probabilistic approach was found to be more robust: unaccounted for biases in solar radiation impacted the probabilistic SWE estimates less than the deterministic case (4% vs 7% errors for water year (WY)1997 and 0% vs 3% errors for WY1999); the probabilistic reconstruction was found to be less sensitive to the number of available observations (6% vs 10% errors in WY1997 and 13% vs 44% errors in WY1999 from the nominal cases when four fewer FSCA images were available). Finally, results from the probabilistic reconstruction approach, which requires precipitation inputs (unlike the deterministic approach), were found to be relatively robust to bias in prior precipitation estimates, where the nominal case mean estimates were recovered even when an underestimated prior precipitation was used. The additional robustness of the probabilistic SWE reconstruction technique should prove useful in future applications over larger basins and longer periods in mountainous terrain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chastity Warrants for Women Public Speakers in Nineteenth-Century American Fiction

Accusations of sexual impropriety have been used against women public speakers at least since the Renaissance, and nineteenth-century America was no exception. In constructing public personae that worked with prevailing gender ideologies, women tried to preserve the appearance of sexual purity. This concern for chastity carried over into fictional representations of women public speakers. While some authors depicted such figures negatively, the three examined here—Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Louisa May Alcott, and Frances E. W. Harper—all defended the woman public speaker by providing warrants within the narrative structure for her chastity and by giving her a public mission that was appropriately feminine according to nineteenth-century gender ideology. These women authors also provided a utopian moment in their narratives in which the social benefits of allowing their protagonists to speak in public are dramatized. Studying the literary representations of women speakers, in any era, can help to illuminate ...
History and Systematic Review of Wear and Osteolysis Outcomes for First-generation Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene

Background Highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) was introduced to reduce wear and osteolysis in total joint arthroplasty. While many studies report wear and osteolysis associated with HXLPE, analytical techniques, clinical study design and followup, HXLPE formulation and implant design characteristics, and patient populations differ substantially among investigations, complicating a unified perspective.
Intramolecular relaxation of excess vibrational energy in jet-cooled perylene

Abstract The intramolecular redistribution of excess vibrational energy (IVR) in electronically excited perylene is being studied by fluorescence techniques. Analysis has shown, in agreement with the literature, little evidence of relaxation of fundamental modes up to ⋍ 1100 cm −1 . However, it is also shown, contrary to literature assertions, that combination states from 700 to 1100 cm −1 do not relax significantly on the time-scale of molecular fluorescence. The picture is simplified by reassignment of several key combination bands in the spectrum. Excitation at higher energies reveals differences in behaviour between combination bands involving high-frequency fundamentals and those only using fundamentals −1 . In the latter case, the persistence of narrow-line emission indicates substantially slower relaxation rates. As an example, the 1600 cm −1 fundamental state appears to relax substantially faster than the 1603 cm −1 satellite state, which is assigned to 353 3 550 1 . This kind of disparity has been observed up to 2000 cm −1 . These data provide evidence for the importance of anharmonic interactions in determining the relative rates of IVR over short energy ranges.
Implications of person–situation interaction: getting over the field's borderline personality disorder

The articles in this special issue illustrate some of the main directions that personality psychologists are pursuing in their diverse efforts to meet the challenges of the past and move forward in...
Current state of play: records management and the cloud

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the current environment of, and challenges for, managing and storing records and information in “the cloud”.Design/methodology/approach – The approach was based on the authors' experience of the challenges facing records management gained through the authors' interaction with public and private organisations. Observations of the way the web has changed the conduct of business and what using “the cloud” to store information means for records management. Included is some practical advice on how records managers can cope with the risk associated from using “the cloud”.Findings – The key findings highlight that as organisations are changing the way they conduct business by including “web 2.0” and “the cloud” into their way of working, records management needs to be aware of the risks. The incorporation of “the cloud” into the way organisations conduct business, should not be based on a technological decision, but should be based on a decision examining risk t...
Respect in close relationships: Prototype definition, self-report assessment, and initial correlates

Researchers who study romantic relationships have mentioned respect as a factor contributing to relationship success, but little effort has been made to define respect, measure it, or discover how it relates to other relationship constructs. In Study 1 a prototype methodology was used to identify consensual features of respect. Participants in Study 2 rated the centrality of the features of respect and completed a new prototype-based respect-for-partner scale that was highly reliable and correlated in predictable ways with avoidant attachment and evaluative aspects of partner descriptions. In Study 3, the new respect scale predicted relationship satisfaction better than scales measuring liking, loving, attachment-related anxiety and avoidance, and positive and negative partner qualities. Suggestions are offered for future research on respect.
Clinical outcomes with perioperative chemotherapy in sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung

Introduction In patients with resected lung cancer, sarcomatoid carcinomas are reputed to carry a worse prognosis. Although generally felt to be chemo-refractory, little data are available about chemotherapy in these patients. We sought to determine the effect of perioperative chemotherapy in patients with completely resected sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung. Methods We reviewed the pathology reports of 4675 patients consecutively resected at Memorial Sloan-Kettering between 2000 and 2010. Charts and images were reviewed for patients with a histologic diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed radiographically. Kaplan-Meier disease-free probability (DFP) curves were compared for patients who did and did not receive perioperative chemotherapy, stratified by pathological stage. Results Of the 4675 patients who underwent an R0 lung cancer resection, 56 (1%) were diagnosed with sarcomatoid carcinomas. Twenty received neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall radiographic response rate (minor + major) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 73% (95% confidence interval 48-90%) in the 15 evaluable patients. The median DFP of patients who received chemotherapy was 34 months versus 12 months in those who did not (p = 0.37). Subset analysis did not reveal a benefit to perioperative chemotherapy in patients with stage Ib-IIa, whereas a benefit was seen in patients with IIb-IIIa disease (p = 0.02). Conclusions Although sarcomatoid carcinomas are felt to be chemo-refractory, our results demonstrate radiographic responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and an improvement in DFP in patients with stage IIb-IIIa disease. The use of pathological stage in this analysis may underestimate this benefit. Perioperative chemotherapy should be considered in these patients.
Threshold dosages for damage to mammalian liver by high intensity focused ultrasound

The threshold dosages for high-intensity focal lesion production were determined at 3 MHz in the cat liver for exposure durations covering the range 0.003-35 s. The liver threshold was found to parallel that for the brain over the range of exposure durations 0.1 to 10 s, but to be more than twice the intensity level, approximately following the relation IT/sup 0.5/=460 W-cm/sup 2//s/sup 2/, where I is the peak intensity and T is the exposure duration. At shorter exposure durations the threshold curve deviates from this relation, probably due to a change to a transient cavitation mechanism of damage. >
Public and private optimization at a service facility with approximate information on congestion

Abstract An M / GI /1 queueing model is considered, where the arrival rate to the facility is a continuous variable which depends, in the steady state, upon the average congestion at the facility. The population of customers arriving to the facility is partitioned into several classes dependent on the ratio of the value of time to the reward due to service but are served according to first-in-first-out rule. It is shown that under the privately optimal behavior of the individuals the facility will be dominated by the class with the highest net reward per value of time. The publicly optimal policy which maximizes the net reward due to service, after costs of waiting are deducted, is shown either to admit only a single class of customers to the facility, thus discriminating against the other classes or to be indifferent to the mix of classes. The class chosen for admission may not be the class which would have privately dominated the facility. When the expected delay experienced at the facility is fixed, a policy of tolls and rebates for the customers is obtained that will assure equal access to the facility for all customers irrespective of their classes. It is shown that the publicly optimal policy, under the condition of fixed aggregate arrival rate to the facility, is shown to be deversified. The optimal arrival rates desired by a single class are derived for two cases. When the proportions of arrivals from the classes are fixed, the aggregate arrival rate desired by a class is shown to be not greater than the equilibrium rate for the individuals from that class. Alternatively, when the aggregate arrival rate is fixed, conditions are obtained under which a class will prefer usage of the facility by several classes to its own domination.
The Relationship of Rainfall Variability in Western Equatorial Africa to the Tropical Oceans and Atmospheric Circulation. Part II: The Boreal Autumn

AbstractThis paper examines the mechanisms controlling the year-to-year variability of rainfall over western equatorial Africa during the rainy season of October–December. Five regions with distinct behavior are analyzed separately. Only two show strong associations with the ocean and atmospheric features in the global tropics. These two regions, in the east (the eastern Zaire basin) and west (Angolan coast) of the study area, respectively, demonstrate strikingly opposite relationships with the anomalies of sea surface temperatures (SSTs), sea level pressure (SLP), and east–west atmospheric circulation. The wet (dry) conditions in the eastern Zaire basin are associated with El Nino(La Nina)–like phases. The inverse pattern is apparent for the Angolan coast. The other three regions, lying between these two poles of variability, represent a transition zone with a weak linear relationship to the circulation features.The vital impact of the east–west circulation cells on rainfall variability results in a stro...
A quantitative model to evaluate the ion-enrichment and ion-depletion effect at microchannel–nanochannel junctions

In a nanometer-scale fluidic channel (nanochannel), coions are depleted while counterions are concentrated due to the electric double layer (EDL) overlap. When an electric field is applied across the nanochannel, ions are enriched at one end and depleted at the other end of the nanochannel. This phenomenon is termed the ion-enrichment and ion-epletion (IEID) effect. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to evaluate this effect. The model takes into accounts not only the biased electrophoretic migrations but also the net charge transportation caused by electroosmotic flow. In addition, we consider the conductance change inside the nanochannel in assessing the electric field strength across it. We employ our recently developed protocol to measure these values. We establish a protocol to measure/quantitate the IEID effect. Finally, we compare the calculated results with the experimentally measured data and show good agreements between them.
Electronic applications of high temperature superconductors

Over the last decade there have emerged many electronic applications of HTS technology which have important military as well as commercial implications. Examples of these include space communications, terrestrial wireless communications, radar, surveillance, countermeasures, medical applications and cryo-electronics. I will review many of the efforts in in this area that have been supported by the DoD which has invested over $350M on this technology. In addition I will discuss the efforts to develop cryocoolers to support the HTS technology.
A phase II study of everolimus in combination with imatinib for previously treated advanced renal carcinoma.

Purpose: This phase II study evaluated the activity of combined treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the PDGFR inhibitor imatinib in patients with previously-treated, advanced renal carcinoma. The primary endpoint was estimation of the 3-month progression-free rate. Patients and methods: Eligible patients had metastatic or unresectable clear cell renal carcinoma, at least one prior systemic therapy, no prior mTOR inhibitor therapy, performance status 0–2, and measurable disease. Treatment consisted of everolimus 2.5 mg p.o. daily and imatinib 600 mg p.o. daily. The primary endpoint was the 3-month progression-free rate. Results: The study was closed after the first 19 patients because of an insufficient number of patients who were progression-free at 3 months. The 3-month progression-free rate was 49% (95% C.I. 23%, 72%) and the median progression-free survival was 2.9 months (95% C.I. 1.9, 6.2). Toxicities with an incidence of > 50% included nausea, elevated serum creatinine, edema, anemia, hypocalcemia, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, and dyspnea, and leukopenia. Conclusion: The combination of everolimus with imatinib in previously treated patients with advanced renal carcinoma did not result in a sufficient 3-month progression-free rate to warrant further investigation of this combination.
Design of a reduced order H∞ robust controller for an expendable launch vehicle in the presence of structured and unstructured parameter uncertainty

Abstract In order to improve the robust stability and robust performance of an expendable launch vehicle control system in which a PID controller was employed, an H∞ optimal robust controller has been successfully designed. The only weakpoint is the higher order of the H∞ controller as compared with that of the PID controller. When the system model will involve the flexibility of the first and second transverse bending modes and liquid fuel sloshing, the order of the full order H∞ optimal robust controller will reach 26. No doubt, this will create many difficulties for implementation. In this paper the design of the reduced order H∞ robust controller will be studied. The goal of the design not only requires the reduced order controller to be robust against the unstructured and structured parameter uncertainty, but also requires the controller to have a high accuracy and an optimal exogenous disturbance attenuation. After analysis, design and simulations, a 7th order (reduced order) H∞ robust controller has been synthesized. Two model reduction methods have been considered for finding the reduced plant design model: the State Space Truncation and Balanced Truncation. The design validity is certified by simulations of the control process for an expendable launch vehicle. The simulation results indicate that both the robust stability and the robust performance of the 7th order H∞ robust controller are all better than that of the classical PID controller.
Extended Production of the Mullerian Duct Regressor in the American Alligator

Abstract Regression of the Mullerian ducts in mammals and birds is caused by the testicular hormone, Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), which is produced for an extended period of time after testicular differentiation. Because it is present long after the ducts regress, it has been proposed to have additional effects other than inducing Mullerian duct regression. A testicular substance also appears to be responsible for Mullerian duct regression in the alligator based on studies in which testicular grafts from hatchling males caused regression when implanted into castrated hatchling females. In this study, the approximate ontogeny of the regressor in the alligator was investigated by implanting testicular grafts from both hatchling and yearling males into castrated female hatchlings. Histological quantification of the ducts revealed that regression in both treatment groups was not significantly different indicating that the Mullerian duct regressor in the alligator is produced for at least a year after hatchling and may have additional nonregressive functions in the alligator as has been proposed for mammals and birds.
Prelude to oral microbes and chronic diseases: past, present and future

Associations between oral and systemic health are ancient. Oral opportunistic bacteria, particularly, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have recently been deviated from their traditional roles as periodontal pathogens and arguably ascended to central players based on their participations in complex co-dependent mechanisms of diverse systemic chronic diseases risk and pathogenesis, including cancers, rheumatoid-arthritis, and diabetes.
Trace analysis of fluorescein-derivatized phenoxy acid herbicides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was used for the trace analysis of phenoxy acid herbicides. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with LIF detection, which has not previously been used for pesticide analysis, overcomes the poor sensitivity of on-column UV detection. A novel derivatization procedure was developed which is suitable for nanogram amounts of organic acids. In this procedure, the acids are activated by hydroxybenzotriazol (HOBT) and diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) and reacted with 5-(aminoacetamido)fluorescein in dimethylformamide at ambient temperature. The fluorescent derivatives of all relevant phenoxy acid herbicides were separated in a single run by MEKC. A 488 nm Ar laser line was used for excitation. The reproducibility and reliability of the method were evaluated. The detection limit was 2 fg for a 4-nl injection, but for practical reasons, a minimum of 1 ng per compound should be subjected to the derivatization. The applicability of the described method to the extract of an aqueous sample was demonstrated.
Developmental induction of Golgi structure and function in the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia.

A fundamental characteristic of eukaryotic cells is the presence of membrane-bound compartments and membrane transport pathways in which the Golgi complex plays a central role in the selective processing, sorting, and secretion of proteins. The parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia belongs to the earliest identified lineage among eukaryotes and therefore offers unique insight into the progression from primitive to more complex eukaryotic cells. Here, we report that Giardia trophozoites undergo a developmental induction of Golgi enzyme activities, which correlates with the appearance of a morphologically identifiable Golgi complex, as they differentiate to cysts. Prior to this induction, no morphologically or biochemically identifiable Golgi complex exists within nonencysting cells. Remarkably, protein secretion in both nonencysting and encysting trophozoites is inhibited by brefeldin A, and brefeldin A-sensitive membrane association of ADP-ribosylation factor and β-COP is observed. These results suggest that the secretory machinery of Giardia resembles that of higher eukaryotes despite the absence of a Golgi complex in nonencysting trophozoites. These findings have implications both for defining the minimal machinery for protein secretion in eukaryotes and for examining the biogenesis of Golgi structure and function.
Determination of Inter-Phase Line Tension in DMPC/D-Cholesterol mixed Langmuir Films

The hydrodynamic response of a thin fluid film, whether a Langmuir monolayer at the air/water interface or a cell membrane, is difficult to model, since it involves the coupling of both bulk and surfaces phases. However, such hydrodynamic response is not only intrinsically critical for transport within the layer, it also provides a major available means to evaluate an important parameter for phase-separated layers such as rafts, the line tension. We have developed a line-integral formulation of the hydrodynamic response of phase-separated layers with short-ranged forces, and tested it by comparisons between numerical simulations based on this model and experiment. These experiments both validate the model and demonstrate that the line tension can be determined with unprecedented accuracy and precision. Long-range dipole-dipole interactions are introduced into the model. The method is applied to coexistence between phases in binary phospholipid/cholesterol mixed layers. Data is evaluated for both Brewster and microscopy and fluorescence microscopy and implications of the use of fluorescent probes are discussed.
Clinical pharmacology of etintidine in patients with duodenal ulcer

The gastric antisecretory activity of etintidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, was evaluated in 5 patients with quiescent duodenal ulcer disease. Meal-stimulated acid secretion was measured after 100 and 300 mg oral doses of etintidine, 100 and 300 mg oral doses of cimetidine, and placebo. Reductions from placebo in four-hour gastric acid secretion were 49, 65, 80, and 94%, with 100 mg cimetidine, 100 mg etintidine, 300 mg cimetidine, and 300 mg etintidine, respectively. Drug concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetics of the 2 drugs were similar. We analyzed sigmoid-shaped concentration-response curves to both agents; the concentrations causing 50% inhibition of meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion were 0.44±0.04 and 0.15±0.04 µg/ml for cimetidine and etintidine, respectively. However, characteristics of these curves were such that the potency difference diminished at higher concentrations.
Malt sprouts as a source of supplemental protein for ruminants

Nitrogen solubility, ruminal degradation, and amino acid composition of pelleted malt sprouts, pelleted corn gluten feed, and soybean meal were studied. Four rumen-cannulated steers were fed diets containing 45% pelleted malt sprouts or 45% pelleted corn gluten feed in a 2 X 2 crossover design with 15-d periods. Ruminal degradation of dry matter and nitrogen from malt sprouts or corn gluten feed was estimated by disappearance of these components from polyester bags after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, or 24 h of in situ fermentation. For comparison, degradation of soybean meal after 2, 4, 8, or 24 h was measured. Malt sprouts had less soluble nitrogen than corn gluten feed, but available crude protein contents were similar. Malt sprouts dry matter was degraded more slowly than was corn gluten feed dry matter. Nitrogen degradation rates of the two feeds, after correction for unavailable nitrogen, did not differ. Malt sprouts had higher concentrations of arginine, lysine, and aspartate than corn gluten feed; however, corn gluten feed had higher concentrations of the other amino acids measured. Malt sprouts would be expected to provide more amino acids of feed origin to the lower gut of ruminants, provided passage rates of the supplements are similar.
A role for dystrophin-associated glycoproteins and utrophin in agrin-induced AChR clustering

Synapse formation is characterized by the accumulation of molecules at the site of contact between pre- and postsynaptic cells. Agrin, a protein implicated in the regulation of this process, causes the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Here we characterize an agrin-binding site on the surface of muscle cells, show that this site corresponds to alpha-dystroglycan, and present evidence that alpha-dystroglycan is functionally related to agrin activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that alpha-dystroglycan and adhalin, components of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, as well as utrophin, colocalize with agrin-induced AChR clusters. Thus, agrin may function by initiating or stabilizing a synapse-specific membrane cytoskeleton that in turn serves as a scaffold upon which synaptic molecules are concentrated.
Domain decomposition for singular perturbation PDEs

Abstract Based on singular perturbation analysis of nonlinear PDEs, we can get an approximate solution of the equation, constructed from a solution of the reduced equation associated with the given nonlinear PDE, and correction terms corresponding to boundary layers and interior layers. By applying the above methods a set of rules to determine a stable partition of a domain can be built. Based on the set of rules the search for all possible stable partitions is implemented by a production system which travels a graph of a given domain. In this paper only elliptic equations are discussed.
A 30mW 10b 250MS/s dual channel SHA-less pipeline ADC in 0.18µm CMOS

A 10-bit 30mW 250MS/s dual-channel SHA-less pipeline ADC with op-amp-sharing between two channels and a new timing scheme to eliminate sampling timing skew is presented in this paper. The proposed timing scheme uses a single-edge sampling clock to achieve double sampling without introducing timing skew. It is applicable to SHA-less ADC front-end and meanwhile allows the first-stage flash comparator and encoder to be operated in the clock idle time without affecting the MDAC settling time. It is also applicable to bottom-plate sampling thus avoiding the signal-dependent charge injection. The proposed op-amp sharing technique with switch-embedded dual-input pair eliminates the memory effects without introducing extra capacitance to the op-amp, facilitating the ADC to operate at high sampling rates. The gain and offset errors between the channels are calibrated in digital domain. Simulation results show that the ADC designed in a 018-µm CMOS process achieves a maximum SNDR of 61.84 dB (ENOB = 9.98) and a peak SFDR of 78.1 dB at 250 MS/s. The ADC core consumes 30 mW at 250 MS/s under a 1.8-V supply voltage.
Anthracenedione Antineoplastic Agent Effects on Drug Metabolism in Vitro and in Vivo: Relationship between Structure and Mechanism of Inhibition

Two anthracenedione antineoplastic agents, mitoxantrone and the nonhydroxylated analog, ametantrone, were found to inhibit hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity of phenobarbital-induced rabbit hepatic microsomes was inhibited 56 and 100% at 0.1 and 0.5 mM mitoxantrone, respectively, whereas activity was inhibited 38 and 88% at 0.1 and 0.5 mM ametantrone, respectively. Both mitoxantrone and ametantrone were noncompetitive inhibitors of ethoxycoumarin metabolism. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity of hepatic microsomes was diminished 41 and 56% by 1 and 3 mM mitoxantrone, respectively; identical concentrations of ametantrone inhibited metabolism by 20 and 31%, respectively. In contrast to the inhibitory influence of both agents on monooxygenase activity, a differential effect on NADPH oxidation was observed. In the presence of benzo[alpha]-pyrene, mitoxantrone enhanced microsomal NADPH oxidation by 21%, whereas ametantrone produced a 22% decrease in cofactor oxidation relative to the control rate. The anthracenediones also inhibited hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity in vivo, as evidenced by altered hexobarbital sleep times of mice. Mitoxantrone (20 and 40 mg/kg) prolonged sleep time by 59 and 68%, respectively; ametantrone (50 mg/kg) produced a 56% enhancement. These results demonstrate that both mitoxantrone and ametantrone inhibit drug metabolism in vitro and in vivo.
III. ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTION IN LASER TRABECULOPLASTY: WHICH PATIENT , NOT WHICH LASER ?

The introduction of the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has raised questions regarding its role in the management of patients with glaucoma. We believe that the most important issue regarding laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) treatment should not be which laser to use, but rather which patients would most benefit from its application. The merits and limitations of SLT have already been presented in the other articles (Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty: The Gold Standard and Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: A Better Alternative) and, in our opinion, no clinically meaningful differences have been convincingly demonstrated between SLT and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). Both ALT and SLT lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle, pseudoexfoliation, and pigmentary glaucoma; however, currently reported randomized clinical trials that compare the results of the two laser systems are severely limited by small sample sizes, short duration of follow-up, or both.
Engineering the Cell–Semiconductor Interface: A Materials Modification Approach using II‐VI and III‐V Semiconductor Materials

Developing functional biomedical devices based on semiconductor materials requires an understanding of interactions taking place at the material-biosystem interface. Cell behavior is dependent on the local physicochemical environment. While standard routes of material preparation involve chemical functionalization of the active surface, this review emphasizes both biocompatibility of unmodified surfaces as well as use of topographic features in manipulating cell-material interactions. Initially, the review discusses experiments involving unmodified II-VI and III-V semiconductors - a starting point for assessing cytotoxicity and biocompatibility - followed by specific surface modification, including the generation of submicron roughness or the potential effect of quantum dot structures. Finally, the discussion turns to more recent work in coupling topography and specific chemistry, enhancing the tunability of the cell-semiconductor interface. With this broadened materials approach, researchers' ability to tune the interactions between semiconductors and biological environments continues to improve, reaching new heights in device function.
Data-driven visual similarity for cross-domain image matching

The goal of this work is to find visually similar images even if they appear quite different at the raw pixel level. This task is particularly important for matching images across visual domains, such as photos taken over different seasons or lighting conditions, paintings, hand-drawn sketches, etc. We propose a surprisingly simple method that estimates the relative importance of different features in a query image based on the notion of "data-driven uniqueness". We employ standard tools from discriminative object detection in a novel way, yielding a generic approach that does not depend on a particular image representation or a specific visual domain. Our approach shows good performance on a number of difficult cross-domain visual tasks e.g., matching paintings or sketches to real photographs. The method also allows us to demonstrate novel applications such as Internet re-photography, and painting2gps. While at present the technique is too computationally intensive to be practical for interactive image retrieval, we hope that some of the ideas will eventually become applicable to that domain as well.
HER2 Targeted Molecular MR Imaging Using a De Novo Designed Protein Contrast Agent

The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to non-invasively assess disease biomarkers has been hampered by the lack of desired contrast agents with high relaxivity, targeting capability, and optimized pharmacokinetics. We have developed a novel MR imaging probe targeting to HER2, a biomarker for various cancer types and a drug target for anti-cancer therapies. This multimodal HER20targeted MR imaging probe integrates a de novo designed protein contrast agent with a high affinity HER2 affibody and a near IR fluorescent dye. Our probe can differentially monitor tumors with different expression levels of HER2 in both human cell lines and xenograft mice models. In addition to its 100-fold higher dose efficiency compared to clinically approved non-targeting contrast agent DTPA, our developed agent also exhibits advantages in crossing the endothelial boundary, tissue distribution, and tumor tissue retention over reported contrast agents as demonstrated by even distribution of the imaging probe across the entire tumor mass. This contrast agent will provide a powerful tool for quantitative assessment of molecular markers, and improved resolution for diagnosis, prognosis and drug discovery.
Adolescent pregnancy prevention: impact of siblings who are teen parents

Conclusions: While many adolescents report using contraception and condoms adolescents living in households with parenting siblings are more likely to have unmet health care needs. A high proportion of all adolescents report having ever been pregnant; those with parenting siblings have their own children 2 1/2 times more often than those without parenting teen siblings. These findings suggest a need for targeted interventions addressing secondary as well as primary pregnancy prevention. (excerpt)
Capacidades de modulación y plasticidad funcional de los mecanismos de captura de alimento en Atherinopsinae sudamericanos (Teleostei, Atherinidae)

Se describe y compara los disenos estructurales bucales en diferentes especies pertenecientes a dos grupos de generos de Atherinopsinae, en relacion a las caracteristicas y potencialidades de variabilidad de sus mecanismos de protrusion premaxilar y mordida premaxilar. El grupo de especies de los generos Cauque y Austromenidia posee un esquema estructural de huesos, musculos y ligamentos, que determina una gran magnitud de protrusion y una gran capacidad de mordida, en diferentes posiciones de mandibula y grados de protrusion. Analisis electromiograficos de la actividad de los fasciculos Al y A3 del musculo aductor mandibular y filmaciones durante distintos eventos de captura de presas, demuestran la existencia de gran plasticidad funcional del mecanismo de mordida, capacidad manifestada por diversos grados de sincronizacion y duracion de la actividad entre ambos musculos. El esquema estructural de Basilichthys, en cambio, determina que estos mecanismos se presenten mucho mas restringidos y con un patron neuromuscular bastante estereotipado, con solo una pequena capacidad de variacion en la duracion de la actividad muscular
Interarm Blood Pressure Differences in the Women's Interagency HIV Study

Abstract Hypertension has been reported in 8–32% of HIV-infected individuals. Large interarm blood pressure differences (IABPD) may cause misclassification of blood pressure (BP) status. The objectives of this study were to determine the magnitude and factors associated with IABPD in HIV-infected women and uninfected controls. Using automated devices, two BP recordings were measured and averaged from each arm in Brooklyn enrollees of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Absolute IABPD was calculated for each patient. Among 335 subjects, 238 were HIV infected and 97 were uninfected. Mean systolic and diastolic IABPD were 6 ± 5 mm Hg and 4 ± 3 mm Hg, respectively. Twenty-six percent of subjects had systolic IABPD >10 mm Hg and 6% had systolic IABPD >20 mm Hg. Fifteen percent of subjects had diastolic IABPD >10 mm Hg. Interarm BP differences were not associated with HIV serostatus, CD4+ cell count, and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Systolic IABPD >20 mm Hg was associated with obesity (ORadj 5.37...
Disparities in routine physical examinations among in-school adolescents of differing Latino origins.

Abstract Purpose To estimate the prevalence of routine physical examination among in-school adolescents of differing national Latino origins and to assess associations with gender, age, immigrant generational status, language spoken at home, parental education, poverty level, family structure, and insurance status. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health conducted during 1995. Our sample was limited to adolescents in grades 7 through 12 of Mexican (n = 1657), Cuban (n = 490), Puerto Rican (n = 555), and Central/South American or Dominican (C/S American or DR) (n = 427) origins. We used multivariate logistic regression for survey data to conduct the data analyses. Results Mexican-origin adolescents were less likely to report a routine physical examination in the previous year, compared with other Latino populations [prevalence (95% confidence interval)]: Mexicans, 47.7 % (42.0% –53.6%], Cubans 67.6% (57.4%–76.4%), Puerto Ricans 65.2% (58.4%–71.4%), and C/S American or DR (57.0% [47.3–66.2]). Among Mexican-origin adolescents, having a college-educated parent or insurance was associated with receiving care (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [95% confidence interval]), 2.12 (1.37–3.30) and 1.80 (1.31–2.47), respectively. For Cuban-origin adolescents, first-generation immigrants were less likely to receive care (0.31 [0.14–0.70]), and those living in a single-parent home were more likely to receive care (2.83 [1.52–5.25]). Having a routine physical examination among adolescents of C/S American or DR origins was associated with incomes above the poverty level (2.29 [1.10–4.77] and insurance (2.33 [1.10–4.91]). Conclusions Reflecting the heterogeneity of Latino adolescents, the prevalence of routine physical examination and factors associated with it varied by national origin subgroup. These differences should be considered when developing strategies to better address the health needs of Latino youth.
Calculation and design of a Ni-like Eu soft-x-ray laser.

Numerical calculations of laser-irradiated EuF/sub 2/ targets predict gain coefficients of 0.3--1.6 cm/sup -1/ on several 4d-4p Ni-like Eu lines from 66 to 104.5 A. Dielectronic recombination is important both in determining the ionization balance and in populating the J = 1,2 4d excited states. Targets which are optimized for 0-1 gain show significantly less effect due to trapping on the 0-1 line than on the 2-1 line.
Light-bullet routing and logic in planar waveguide arrays

The manipulation and routing of light-bullets in a VCSEL-like planar waveguide array is studied numerically. By partitioning the gold contact layer used for current injection into discrete and individually addressable segments, an electronically controllable and non-uniform gain profile is created. Light-bullets typically follow the gradient of the gain and are therefore completely controllable by manipulating the gain profile. In addition, by exploiting gain-mediated interactions between nearby light-bullets, the NAND and NOR gates are also constructed. Therefore, planar waveguide arrays with addressable gain profiles appear to be an ideal technology for optical routing applications as well as for photonic logic devices.
3,5-Dichloroaniline-induced nephrotoxicity in the Sprague-Dawley rat.

Abstract The nephrotoxie potential of 3,5-dichloroaniline (DCA) was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were administered DCA (0.4, 0.8 or 1.0 mmol/kg, i.p.), or 0.9% saline (1.0 ml/kg, i.p.), and renal function was monitored at 24 and 48 h. DCA (0.4 mmol/kg) administration did not produce evidence of nephrotoxicity. However, DCA (0.8 mmol/kg) administration decreased urine volume and osmolality, increased proteinuria, elevated the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and decreased basal and lactate-stimulated p -aminohippurate (PAH) accumulation. Three of 4 rats receiving DCA (1.0 mmol/kg) died prior to 48 h postinjection. Incubation of renal cortical slices with DCA resulted in decreased PAH and tetraethylammonium (TEA) uptake when DCA concentrations of 10 −6 M or greater were used. These results indicate that DCA is nephrotoxic to Sprague-Dawley rats when administered in a dose of 0.8 mmol/kg or higher and is capable of altering organic ion transport in vitro.
High-frequency jet versus conventional ventilation in infants undergoing Blalock-Taussig shunts

Abstract Nine infants undergoing modified Blalock-Taussig shunts were randomized to both high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and conventional ventilation (CV). Vital signs, blood gases, mean airway pressure, lung mechanics, functional residual capacity, and lung movement were compared on both modes of ventilation keeping peak inspiratory and expiratory pressures constant. The mean airway pressure was lower on HFJV than on CV (8. 5 versus 10. 9 cm H 2 O). Arterial partial pressure of oxygen was greater on HFJV than on CV (55 versus 46 mm Hg), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide was lowar on HFJV than on CV (28 versus 37 mm Hg), whereas compliance (0.54 versus 0.56 mL · cm H 2 O −1 · kg −1 ) resistance (110 versus 95 cm H 2 O/L · s), and functional residual capacity (23 versus 22.5 ml/kg) remained the same. Lung movement and degree of retraction necessary for surgical exposure as evaluated by an independent observer was less with HFJV compared with CV. Compared with CV during the creation of Blalock-Taussig shunts, HFJV provides better gas exchange at lower mean airway pressure with similar lung function, lung volume, and hemodynamics.
Social norm compliance as a signaling system. I. Studies of fitness-related attributions consequent on everyday norm violations

People attend to cues that convey information about social norms and try to comply with norms they believe are in force. Dispositions to comply with social norms are universal, suggesting that adherence to such norms is selectively advantageous. Possibly, compliance with social norms, however arbitrary these may be, serves a signaling function and is used to control attributions affecting fitness. To begin to test this hypothesis, we performed several experiments in which subjects watched videotapes of models violating everyday social norms and then rated those models on dimensions that would be relevant to the models' fitness, if subjects and models were socially interacting. In some experiments, violations of minor social norms significantly altered such ratings. Even subjects who failed to cite norm violations when given the opportunity nonetheless gave lower ratings to models as the result of norm violations. A manipulation that increased the salience of such norms increased the adverse effects of norms violations. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that norm compliance serves an important signaling function.
Text representations as reflected in patterns of cognitive distance.

Subjects performed a task that involved learning a text and then indicating, for each of a series of pairs of words, whether they belonged to the same sentence of that text. When the principle of argument overlap or causal coherence was the sole integrative factor in a text, negative response times and error rates reflected distances in the network representation predicted by the principle. When the two principles predicted conflicting representations for a text, response times and error rates reflected the predictions of the principle of argument overlap. The results were interpreted as suggesting that network connections predicted by the two principles are both present in the memory representations of texts and that causal connections are recorded at a more abstract level of representation than are argument overlap connections.
A Histopathologic Survey of Galago in Captivity

A histopathological survey was performed on necropsy material derived from 33 animals of the genus Galago over a four year period. Light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic techniques were used in this study. The principal lesions found were calcific atherosclerosis, focal myocarditis, hepatitis, fatty hepatic change, hemosiderosis of liver and spleen, and glomerulonephritis. The glomerulonephritis was found in 26 animals and included four morphologically distinct types. Possible etiologic and hereditary factors and the interrelationship of the various lesions are discussed.
Quantitative analysis of isomeric ion mixtures

Several approaches have been proposed for the use of mass spectra from collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) to determine the isomeric composition of mass analyzed ions. As originally proposed, measurement at collision gas pressures (≈ 30% transmittance) yielding maximum CAD cross-sections provides improved precision, whereas differential isomeric scattering should not be an appreciable problem, despite earlier warnings. For the C2H4O+˙ ions from butan-1,3-diol, this CAD method found [CH3CHO+˙] = 50 ± 4%, in agreement with values of 44 ± 6 and 45 ± 6% from two methods of neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry, but in contrast with 66 ± 5% from a proposed CAD methodology using high transmittance measurements. The agreement of the three methods also shows that the principle of linear superposition of spectra is applicable to CAD as well as to electron ionization mass spectra.