cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive Care for Women With Medical Conditions: A Qualitative Study to Identify Potential Best Practices for Primary Care Physicians.

Background and objectives Women with medical conditions are at higher risk of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality than women without medical conditions. Thus, women who do not desire pregnancy should be offered contraceptive counseling and methods. The objective of this qualitative study was to identify potential best practices to guide primary care physicians (PCPs) in providing contraception and contraceptive counseling for women with medical conditions. Methods We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews of 10 PCPs who routinely provide contraception including long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). To inform the data collection and analysis, we adapted constructs from the Theoretical Domains Framework. We coded transcripts and identified themes until saturation of our theoretical constructs was achieved. Results Physician time constraints, lack of patient knowledge, and competing demands related to medical condition management were identified as barriers to contraceptive care. The study participants reported multiple strategies to mitigate these barriers. They emphasized providing reproductive health education in the context of an individual's chronic conditions and medications, educating about LARC methods, and using the US Medical Eligibility Criteria (US MEC) as a point-of-care clinical tool to guide contraceptive selection. Conclusions The study participants (PCPs experienced in contraceptive care), described multifaceted approaches to providing contraception for women with medical conditions, including tailored contraceptive education and use of the US MEC for clinical guidance. Future research is needed to assess if such strategies can improve patient outcomes and be adopted by PCPs who have less experience with contraceptive care.
The development and implementation of a gynecologic cancer survivorship tool.

98Background: To assess the implementation and use of an electronic survivorship tool to enhance patient/clinician communication and intervention of survivorship concerns in women treated for gynec...
Creating Highly Qualified Teachers: Maximizing University Resources to Provide Professional Development in Rural Areas

The “highly qualified teacher” requirement of No Child Left Behind has put pressure on rural school districts to recruit and retain highly qualified regular and special education teachers. If necessary, they may utilize uncertified, rural teachers with provisional certification; however, these teachers may find completing the necessary certification difficult due to time, distance, and geographic barriers. The University of Nebraska at Kearney has been able to address this need by: (1) creating access to the university’s certification program, (2) providing professional supports, (3) tailoring assignments, projects, and field based practicum experiences and (4) building capacity for rural teachers who have completed certification to mentor others in their regions.
Non-arithmetic hybrid lattices in $${\text {PU}}(2,1)$$ PU ( 2 , 1 )

We explore hybrid subgroups of certain non-arithmetic lattices in $${\text {PU}}(2,1)$$ . In particular, we show that all of Mostow’s lattices are virtually hybrids; moreover, we show that some of these non-arithmetic lattices are virtually hybrids of two non-commensurable arithmetic lattices in $${\text {PU}}(1,1)$$ .
Differences in 30-Day Marijuana Use by Sexual Orientation Identity: Population-Based Evidence from Seven States.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare 30-day marijuana use by sexual orientation identity. Methods: Data came from the 2016–2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Prevalence...
Causal reasoning in epidemiology: Philosophy and logic

Abstract This commentary adds to a lively discussion of causal modeling, reasoning and inference in the recent epidemiologic literature. We focus on fundamental philosophical and logical principles of causal reasoning in epidemiology, raising important points not emphasized in the recent discussion. To inform public health decisions that require answers to causal questions, studies should be approached as exercises in causal reasoning. They should ask well-specified causal questions; and use estimators that approximate, given practical constraints, a “perfect” study, based on a clear definition of causation and a clear (and preferably, explicit) understanding of the philosophical basis for that definition. They should examine how the estimator falls short of approximating the “perfect” study design, conduct and analysis; adjust the study results for these shortcomings; and, in the publication of study results, clearly state the assumptions that were made in the design, conduct and analysis of the study, and discuss their plausibility for the topic under study. We argue that the explicit philosophical foundation for causal reasoning need not be counterfactual reasoning (currently in vogue in epidemiology), but should lead to a well-defined ideal study design for answering causal questions and a mathematical expression for a measure of causal effect. We argue that the perspective of causal reasoning is an indispensable aid in producing study results that are useful for answering causal questions. It is also an indispensable aid in developing and refining epidemiologic methods for answering causal questions, as well as in understanding the attributes required of a method that is truly causal.
The Peer Victimization in College Survey: Construction and Validation

Colleges and universities are increasingly concerned about respect for diversity and tolerance of individual differences on their campuses. Nevertheless, no comprehensive measure of peer victimization has been developed and validated for use with college student populations. The Peer Victimization in College Survey (PVIC) is the first such measure. Study 1 (N = 733) reports how PVIC items were empirically derived to ensure construct coverage. Study 2 (N = 100) reports how intuitive PVIC subscales were established to distinguish between subtypes of college peer victimization. Study 3 (N = 520) provides evidence of convergent, discriminant, and construct validity for the PVIC, including its relations to risk factors and to outcomes such as depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and college sense of belonging. Study 4 (N = 633) validates several PVIC scaling methods and provides evidence of incremental validity of the measure over current (unvalidated) measures. The PVIC can assess subtypes of peer victimization on college campuses, evaluate the effectiveness of campus intervention efforts, and test hypotheses about the causes and effects of peer victimization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Mathematical Biology: Expand, Expose, and Educate!

Mathematical biology has made significant contributions and advancements in the biological sciences. Recruitment efforts focus on encouraging students, especially those who are underrepresented and underserved, to pursue the field of mathematical biology, regardless of their undergraduate institution type, and raise awareness about the countless professional and academic possibilities provided by this specialized training. This article examines the need to expand, expose, and educate others about mathematical biology. To support field expansion, we give several recommendations of ways to integrate mathematics applied curricula to attract broader student interest. With this exposure—whether it is led by an individual, a department, a university, or researchers in mathematical biology—each can help to promote a base knowledge and appreciation of the field. In order to encourage the next generation of researchers to consider mathematical biology, we highlight current interdisciplinary programs, share popular mathematical tools, and present some thoughts on ways to support a thriving and inclusive mathematical biology community for years to come.
Bacterial cell recovery after hollow fiber microfiltration sample concentration: Most probable bacterial composition in frozen vegetables

Abstract A commercial “concentrating pipette” was scrutinized from the perspective of sample volume reduction to augment native bacterial quantitation and identification within food samples. Aspects related to the elution protocol were evaluated for their impact on bacteria recovery. The results demonstrated there was no significant effect from different diluents/eluents on the relative recovery rate. Further, results from a complementary technique, dynamic light scattering, imply that recoveries less than unity are likely due to an inability to completely elute the bacterial cells from the capillary filter as opposed to bacterial injury caused by sample processing. When concentrating PBS washes from thawed frozen vegetables and enumerating after culturing at either 30 or 37 °C, the recovery rates were only slightly lower than the simplified experimental conditions. However, in food wash samples, significantly more mass-normalized bacteria were recovered at the lower culture temperature. Nevertheless, the vegetable wash concentration process did not change the most probable isolate composition relative to that of the controls at either culture temperature. The study demonstrates the potential for the system to serve as an effective tool for bacterial recovery and concentration within water-based food systems such as equipment rinses, process wash water, and other samples coming from food processing plants.
Block-Granularity-Aware Caching

A common feature of computer systems is that block granularity changes at different levels of the storage hierarchy. This paper presents the first study of how granularity change affects caching. We define the Block-Granularity-Aware (BGA) Caching Model, prove new adversarial competitive bounds for the problem, and develop an online BGA caching policy with a better competitive ratio than traditional cache policies in this setting.
Integral dose during constant velocity motion near a space power reactor

The dose rate in a rotationally-symmetric radiation field near a space power reactor is assumed to be inversely proportional to separation distance squared and directly proportional either to a constant or a constant times the sine-cubed of a polar angle. Constant velocity motion is examined in both cases in both two and three dimensional geometries. The two dimensional geometry occurs when the line of motion and the field axis of symmetry are co-planar. The dose integral in the sine-cubed region may be integrated directly, but a more useful form is obtained after a change of variable. A coordinate system rotation greatly simplifies the results. The three dimensional problem is integrated after a change of variable. Finally, tables of normalized functions are presented and discussed.
A systematic review of the association between family meals and adolescent risk outcomes.

Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic review of the literature examining the relationship between family meals and adolescent health risk outcomes. Methods We performed a systematic search of original empirical studies published between January 1990 and September 2013. Based on data from selected studies, we conducted logistic regression models to examine the correlates of reporting a protective association between frequent family meals and adolescent outcomes. Results Of the 254 analyses from 26 selected studies, most reported a significant association between family meals and the adolescent risk outcome-of-interest. However, model analyses which controlled for family connectedness variables, or used advanced empirical methods to account for family-level confounders, were less likely than unadjusted models to report significant relationships. Conclusions The type of analysis conducted was significantly associated with the likelihood of finding a protective relationship between family meals and the adolescent outcome-of-interest, yet very few studies are using such methods in the literature.
Wnt Signal Transduction

First page of article Keywords: Wnt; β-catenin; adenomatous polyposis coli (APC); glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3); axin; dishevelled; cancer biology; developmental biology; cell–cell signalling; tumorigenesis; growth factors; oncogene; tumour suppressor; signal transduction
The innervation of the bladder with reference to radical hysterectomy

Abstract 1.1. Complete parasympathetic denervation of the bladder is unusual during radical hysterectomy. It may occur if the surgeon strips the sacral nerves bilaterally, or excises a major portion of the paracervical and paravaginal web of retroperitoneal tissue. 2.2. The parasympathetically denervated bladder is not flaccid, but has tone and capacity. It has no thermal sensation. Initially it has no voiding contraction. After a latent period of weeks or months, if not damaged by prolonged overdistention, it may develop rhythmic contractions and periodic sluggish voiding contractions. These latter may be perceived by peritoneal or urethral sensation, voluntarily opposed by contraction of urethral striated muscle and augmented by contraction of abdominal muscle. 3.3. It is not unlikely that eventually normal function may be re-established in some patients by the regeneration of some of the interrupted fibers.
Nicotinic receptor modulation of neurotransmitter release in the cerebellum.

Abstract Nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) are formed by pentameric combinations of α and β subunits, differentially expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS), where they have been shown to play a role in the modulation of neurotransmitter release. nAChRs are also important during neuronal differentiation, regulating gene expression and contributing to neuronal pathfinding. The cerebellum, which is involved in the maintenance of balance and orientation as well as refinement of motor action, in motor memory and in some aspects of cognition, undergoes a significant process of development and maturation of its neuronal networks during the first three postnatal weeks in the rat. Autoradiographic as well as in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies have shown that several nicotinic receptor binding sites and subunits are expressed in the rat cerebellum from embryonic stage through to adulthood, with the highest expression levels seen during the development of the cerebellar cortex. A diffuse cholinergic afferent projection to all lobules of the cerebellar cortex has been described, with the uvulanodulus, flocculus and lobules I and II of the anterior vermis regions receiving a particularly dense projection. Low levels of nAChR subunit transcripts and immunoreactivity, particularly during adulthood, and the scattered distribution of immunoreactivity between neurons in the cerebellar cortex, can explain the difficulty in assessing electrophysiologically the presence of functional nAChRs in the cerebellar cortex and some contradictory results reported in the early-published papers. In recent years, several groups have shown that also in the cerebellum different nAChR subtypes modulate release of glutamate and GABA at different synapses. The possible role of these mechanisms in synaptic consolidation during development, as well as on plasticity phenomena and network activity at mature synapses, are discussed.
Science, capitalism, and the rise of the “knowledge worker”: The changing structure of knowledge production in the United States

In recent years a subtle paradox has emerged among scholars studying knowledge work in different institutional domains. Some analysts mainly, those studying scientists and engineers in private industry see a trend toward increased levels of autonomy and control, as corporate bureaucracies adopt more flexible practices and thus defer to these workers' technical expertise.' Yet, at the same time, other analysts those concerned with the position of scientists working in university settings commonly make the opposite case, seeing in the commercialization of the academy a significant threat to the traditional autonomy of academic researchers.2
Planted forests: views and viewpoints

Planted forests in many forms are parts of landscapes in many regions of the world. These forests contribute to the economic welfare and potential sustainability of human communities. They provide wood, forage, wildlife habitats, watershed protection, recreational settings, aesthetic vistas, and ecological conditions for many other forest values. Forests and other versions of tree plantations have been planted to replace harvested Douglas-fir forests in Oregon, to provide fuelwood and forage in Senegal, for pulpwood in Brazil, for lumber in New Zealand, for watershed protection in Nepal, and for aesthetic enhancement in Scotland and Denmark. As human pressures on native forests continue to increase -- for reasons ranging from fuelwood needs to desires to preserve old-growth ecosystems -- it is clear to many of us that planted forests, intensively and extensively managed, are essential to our present and future societies and cultures, whatever forms they take.
Mucosal antibody responses are directed by viral burden in children with acute influenza infection

Please cite this paper as: He et al. (2012) Mucosal antibody responses are directed by viral burden in children with acute influenza infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00346.x. Background Influenza infection causes excess hospitalizations and deaths in younger patients, but susceptibility to severe disease is poorly understood. While mucosal antibodies can limit influenza-associated infection and disease, little is known about acute mucosal antibody responses to influenza infection. Objectives These studies characterize mucosal antiviral antibody production in children during lower respiratory infection (LRI) with H1N1 influenza versus other viral LRI and examine the relationship between mucosal antiviral antibodies and protection against severe disease. Methods B lymphocytes were assessed by immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from infants with fatal acute seasonal influenza infection. Nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) were obtained at presentation from children with acute respiratory illness, including H1N1 (2009) influenza infection. Total and antiviral antibodies, and inflammatory and immune mediators, were quantified by ELISA. Neutralizing activity in NPS was detected using a pseudotyped virus assay. Viral burden was assessed by qPCR. Results and conclusions B lymphocytes were abundant in lung tissue of infants with fatal acute influenza LRI. Among surviving children with H1N1 infection, only a small subset (11%) demonstrated H1N1 neutralizing activity in NPS. H1N1 neutralizing activity coincided with high local levels of antiviral IgM, IgG and IgA, greater detection of inflammatory mediators, and higher viral burden (P = 0·016). Patients with mucosal antiviral antibody responses demonstrated more severe respiratory symptoms including greater hypoxia (P = 0·0018) and pneumonia (P = 0·038). These patients also trended toward younger age, longer duration of illness and longer hospital stays. Prophylaxis strategies that heighten neutralizing antibody production in the mucosa are likely to benefit both older and younger children.
Community violence and children on Chicago's southside

This report summarizes a program of study on African-American children and violence conducted by a comprehensive community mental health center on the southside of Chicago. The research, which looked at exposure to violence, self-reports of aggression, and possible interventions, grew out of: (1) an awareness of the enormous amount of familial and extrafamilial violence in the black community; (2) clinical experiences that indicated that victimization and covictimization (i.e., victimization of close others) were often significant factors in the lives of the mentally ill; (3) a growing uneasiness, and indeed curiosity, over the extent to which children were witnessing these events and the impact of this witnessing, particularly on their own levels of aggression; and (4) a belief that the integrity of the black community was being threatened by the violence and that solutions must be sought.
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease originating in Ecuador.

Abstract A case of hepatic veno-occlusive disease manifested by massive ascites is described in a 35-year-old female. She had consumed an herbal tea containing a Crotalaria plant species for 6 months prior to evaluation. lnferior vena cava and hepatic veins were patent by angiography. Liver biopsy showed histological changes typical of hepatic veno-occlusive disease, consisting of centrilobular congestion and sublobular hepatic vein obstruction. Complete clinical, biochemical, and histological recovery was documented 1 year after ingestion of the brew was discontinued. This is the first case known to be reported from Ecuador and the first to be diagnosed in the United States.
Combination of procainamide and quinidine for better tolerance and additive effects for ventricular arrhythmias

The efficacy and tolerance of quinidine and procainamide used individually and in combination were studied in 19 patients with frequent ventricular premature complexes (VPCs). During single-drug treatment, the maximum tolerated dose of quinidine without extracardiac dose-related side effects was 1.6 +/- 0.21 g/day and that of procainamide was 4.1 +/- 1.05 g/day. During combination therapy with smaller doses (p less than 0.05) of quinidine (1.16 +/- 0.26 g/day) and procainamide (2.80 +/- 0.98 g/day), no patient had side effects. Before treatment, all patients had frequent (more than 60 per hour) VPCs and 17 had ventricular tachycardia on Holter monitoring. The frequency of VPCs was reduced to 22 +/- 19% with quinidine, 47 +/- 40% with procainamide and 9 +/- 11% with combination therapy (p less than 0.05, combination vs procainamide or quinidine alone). Individually, an effective regimen (more than 83% reduction of VPCs and abolition of ventricular tachycardia) was found in 5 patients (26%) receiving quinidine alone at maximal tolerated dose, in 4 (21%) receiving procainamide alone at maximal tolerated dose, and in 14 (74%) receiving combination therapy (p less than 0.01 vs quinidine or procainamide). Thus, the antiarrhythmic effects of quinidine and procainamide are additive. When quinidine or procainamide are additive. When quinidine or procainamide is ineffective because dose-related extracardiac side effects limit the maximal tolerated dose, combination therapy in smaller and tolerable doses avoids side effects and is more effective than either drug alone at the maximal tolerated dose.
DOMAINS OF DEFINITION FOR FEYNMAN INTEGRALS OVER REAL FEYNMAN PARAMETERS

Given a Feynman diagram, the corresponding integral over real Feynman parameters is meaningful and analytic in a certain domain in the space of the Lorentz invariants formed from the external momenta, each of which is on the mass shell. In the case where all the masses are equal, the intersection of these domains for all proper convergent diagrams is studied. For the cases of four and five external lines, the real intersections are explicitly found; for the case of six, seven, and eight external lines, procedures for finding the real intersections are given. A knowledge of the real intersection makes it possible to construct geometrically a subset of the complex intersection. Generalization to unequal external masses is briefly considered.
Hitting middle age never felt so good: introduction to the American Sociological Association Communication and Information Technologies section 2013 special issue

In 2013, the Communication and Information Technologies section of the American Sociological Association (CITASA) hit a milestone: we had the largest membership total in section history at 375 memb...
The continuity of metric projections as functions of the data

Abstract Let X be a Hilbert space, and consider the point x 0 minimizing, for a given f in X , the distance ∥ x − f ∥ as x ranges over a polyhedral set C defined by a finite number of real-valued equalities and inequalities. We wish to see how x 0 varies when f and C vary. It is easy to see that x 0 is Holder continuous with exponent 1 2 in its dependence on f and C ; this estimate is in general sharp. We show, however, that in certain cases x 0 is actually Lipschitz continuous in its dependence on the parameters which are used to define the set C .
Biogenic silica cycling during summer phytoplankton blooms in the North Pacific subtropical gyre

Abstract Biogenic silica (bSiO 2 ) cycling, diatom abundance and floristics were examined within summer-period diatom blooms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) in 2008 and 2009. Hemiaulus hauckii was the most abundant diatom observed in an expansive (100,000 km 2 ) bloom near the subtropical front in the northeastern NPSG in 2008 and the small pennate diatom Mastogloia woodiana dominated a smaller (30,000 km 2 ) bloom sampled in 2009 in the gyre interior. In both blooms, the bSiO 2 stock and production rates were up to an order of magnitude higher relative to non-bloom areas. Remnants of a bSiO 2 export event was sampled in the H. hauckii bloom area where the export rate at 300 m exceeded that at 150 m, and was among the highest values recorded in the NPSG. The M. woodiana bloom was very active with specific bSiO 2 production rates of 0.50–0.75 d −1 and net bSiO 2 production rates were among the highest observed in any subtropical-gyre diatom bloom to date. Net silica production rates in the euphotic zone were strongly positive within blooms and near zero outside of blooms, consistent with an important role for blooms in bSiO 2 export. The difference in the areal extent of the H. hauckii and M. woodiana blooms was consistent with remote-sensing observations that blooms in the northeastern portion of the NPSG, near the subtropical front, are typically more extensive than those in the gyre interior near Hawaii Ocean Time-series station ALOHA. Initial estimates suggest that blooms in the northeast region produced 3–25 times more bSiO 2 in 2008 and 2009, respectively, than did blooms in the gyre interior; and due to the large areal extent these blooms, their area-integrated production of bSiO 2 is similar to intense diatom blooms coastal upwelling systems (e.g. Monterey Bay, Santa Barbara Channel) despite significantly lower production rates and standing stock.
Stereoselective synthesis of iriomoteolide-1a hemiketal core

A stereoselective synthesis of the cyclic hemiketal core of iriometeolide-1a (1) is described. The key step involves a Sakurai reaction of allylsilane 4 and aldehyde 5, which bears a chiral α-tertiary center. Mild TES deprotection of β,γ-unsaturated ketone 23 led to concomitant cyclization to produce the fully intact hemiketal core 2.
Teaching About the Environment in the Foreign Language Classroom

ABSTRACT The author, a Spanish instructor and OPI tester; attended a workshop on introducing environmental issues into classroom curriculum. She shares her experience and the materials she developed for teaching about the environment in Spanish. Her approach incorporates oral proficiency goals and is based on authentic materials that are accompanied by worksheets that include prereading aercises, small-group discussion activities and structured conversation and composition suggestions.
Responses of Arabidopsis roots to auxin studied with high temporal resolution: Comparison of wild type and auxin-response mutants

We modified a video digitizer system to allow short-term high-resolution measurements of root elongation in intact seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. We used the system to measure the kinetics of promotion and inhibition of root elongation by applied auxin and to determine the dose-response relationship for auxin action on elongation in roots of wild-type seedlings and seedlings of mutants (axr1, aux1, and axr2) with altered auxin responsiveness. Roots of the mutants showed less inhibition in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of auxin than did roots of the wild type. The latent period preceding the change in elongation rate after auxin application was the same for axr1 and axr2 as for the wild type whereas the latent period for aux1 was about twice as long as for the wild type. Low concentrations (ca. 10−11 M) of auxin induced substantial promotion of root elongation in the wild type and in axr2.
Histological studies on inherited and on post-rubella deafness.

The histological changes in the inner ear of a newborn male with unquestionable genetically determined deafness of the Scheibe type are reported. They resemble those of a healed mild serous labyrinthitis. Unusual findings are several large cysts in the stria vascularis and a slight cochlear hydrops.
Educational Characteristics of Manufacturing Executives

The article presents information on a study on the relationships of firm size and degree of technology of the industry to the educational background of the top executives in charge of manufacturing...
The relationship of static muscle function to use of oral contraceptives.

The handgrip endurance time (ET) and the total force output (FO) at 50% maximum voluntary contraception (MVC) of 26 females aged 18-33 were measured during the follicular phase (day 8 +or- 2) and luteal phase (day 21 +or- 3) of 1 menstrual cycle. 3 groups were utilized: 1) normals (nonusers of oral contraceptives [OCs] 2) users of OCs only (not of vitamin B6) and 3) users of OCs and vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 status was assessed by measurement of 24 hour urine xanthurenic acid (XA) excretion following a 2 g loading dose of L-tryptophan. Recent vitamin B6 intake was assessed by measurement of 24 hour urine 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) excretion. There were no significant among-group differences in MVC however. MVC during the follicular phase was signficantly (P<0.05) greater than during the luteal phase. The ET and FO of normal subjects was signficantly (P<0.05) greater than that of the combined group of users of OCs only and users of OCs and vitamin B6. There was no significant difference between users of OCs only and users of OCs and vitamin B6 in either ET or FO nor between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Levels of 4-PA confirmed that the subjects who reported being users of OCs and vitamin B6 had substantially larger intakes of vitamin B6 than did the other subjects. Levels of XA indicated that only 2 subjects both OC users only were vitamin B6 deficient. Compared to other users of OCs only the mean MVC of the vitamin B6 deficient subjects was lower the mean ET higher and the mean FO approximately equal. Therefore we have concluded that OC users appear to exhibit lower static muscle endurance than normal subjects and their vitamin B6 status was not a mediating factor. (authors)
One-dimensional dipolar-shift spectroscopy under magic angle spinning to determine the chemical-shift anisotropy tensors

Abstract An efficient one-dimensional dipolar-shift solid-state NMR method is reported that allows the characterization of chemical-shift anisotropy (CSA) and heteronuclear dipolar coupling tensors from powder samples. A combination of a multiple pulse sequence and magic angle spinning (MAS) is used to completely suppress the homonuclear 1 H– 1 H dipolar couplings and to recover most of the 1 H–X dipolar coupling along with the CSA interaction of the X nuclei (where X is 15 N or 13 C or any other less-sensitive nucleus directly bonded to 1 H). This method is quick, simple to implement, and the results are accurate and easy to interpret. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated on a powder sample of a model peptide, n -acetyl- 15 N– d,l -valine, under various spinning speeds.
The modular symbol and continued fractions in higher dimensions

The modular symbol has proved a very useful tool for dealing with holomorphic automorphic forms on the upper half-plane. It serves, for instance, to compute the action of Hecke operators on automorphic forms, to give the value of twisted L-functions of certain elliptic curves in terms of a finite sum of modular symbols, and to prove that divisors of degree zero supported on the cusps of a modular curve have finite order in the Jacobian of that curve. For these matters, see [1], Chaps. IV and V, and the references cited there. Here is a definition of the modular symbol. Let H be the upper half-plane, that is, the set of all complex numbers with positive imaginary part. A cusp of H is defined to be any rational number (considered as a point of the real line) or oc. The cusps belong to the boundary of H in the extended complex plane. Let SL(2,1R) act on H in the usual way. For any subgroup F of finite index in SL(2, 9 ) we can form the quotient H/F. There is a closed, compact Riemann surface X(F) such that H/F is biholomorphic to the complement of some finite set of points x 1 . . . . ,x~ in X(F). These points x i are called the cusps of X(F). Let ~?(F) denote the holomorphic differential l-forms on X(F). Integration of forms over cycles yields a canonical N-linear map from H~(X(F);IR) to the complex dual space of ~(F). The theory of Riemann surfaces tells us that this map is an isomorphism. Now choose any two rational cusps a and b on the boundary of H. Let l be any reasonable arc beginning at a, ending at b, and staying in H in the interim for instance, l could be the geodesic in H from a to b. Then one easily shows that integration over the image of l in X(F) gives a linear map from ~?(F) to I12. This linear map gives an element of HI(X(F); IR) in the canonical way described above. We denote this homology class by [a, hi. We call [ ] the modular symbol. In summary, the "classical" modular symbol is a map from the set of pairs of cusps of H into H~(X(F);IR). This symbol enjoys properties which are the
High-resolution passive microwave observations of convective systems over the tropical Pacific ocean

Abstract This paper presents high-resolution passive microwave measurements obtained in the western Pacific warm pool region. These measurements represent the most comprehensive such observations of convection over the tropical oceans to date, and were obtained from the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) aboard the NASA ER-2 during the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. The AMPR measures linearly polarized radiation at 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHZ. Nadir brightness temperature scatterplots suggest that the three lower frequencies respond primarily to emission/absorption processes. Strong ice scattering is relatively rare, as absolute magnitudes of the ice-scattering signature do not approach those measured in strong convection over land. This is apparently related to the reported weaker updraft velocities over tropical oceans, which would create and suspend relatively smaller graupel or hail particles in the upper cloud. Observations withi...
Functional Outcomes after Chemoradiotherapy of Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Cancers

Organ preservation regimens that combine chemotherapy and radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) are increasingly used as the primary treatment of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers. Meta-analytic data show a survival benefit with combined modality therapy, but the functional sequelae can be significant. Dysphagia is recognized as a common and often devastating late effect of chemoradiotherapy. This review examines functional outcomes after chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers, with a particular emphasis on dysphagia. Topics examined include the burden of dysphagia after chemoradiation, pathophysiology of dysphagia, baseline functioning, recommendations to improve long-term function, and voice outcomes.
Have you gotten to know the Index to International Statistics (IIS)

Abstract The Index to International Statistics (IIS) is a new reference sourcebook that should become standard equipment in the tool kit for all development economists and students of development economics. The IIS provides for the first time a comprehensive and up-to-date index of statistical information published by major intergovernmental organizations, along with microfiche access to source documents. The purpose of this article is to explain the features of the IIS and to discuss its position in the panoply of statistical reference materials concerning data on developing countries.
Polarized infrared emission using frequency selective surfaces

An emission frequency selective surface, or eFSS, is made up of a periodic arrangement of resonant antenna structures above a ground plane. By exploiting the coupling and symmetry properties of an eFSS, it is possible to introduce polarization sensitive thermal emission and, subsequently, coherent emission. Two surfaces are considered: a linearly polarized emission surface and a circularly polarized emission surface. The linearly polarized surface consisted of an array of dipole elements and measurements demonstrate these surfaces can be fabricated into high polarization contrast patterns. The circularly polarized surface required the use of an asymmetrical tripole element to maintain coherence between orthogonal current modes and introduce the necessary phase delay to realize circularly polarized radiation.
Temperature-dependent blockade of nucleocytoplasmic transport of newly synthesized RNA in neurons.

Abstract This study evaluates the temperature sensitivity of transport of recently synthesized RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (nucleocytoplasmic transport) in CNS neurons. Rat hippocampal slices were incubated with [3H]uridine for 1 h to label recently synthesized RNA. Slices were then fixed immediately or maintained at 27°C or 37°C for chase intervals of 3, 4.5, and 6 h to allow for nucleocytoplasmic transport of recently synthesized RNA. The time-dependent translocation of recently synthesized RNA was evaluated autoradiographically. At the end of the 1 h pulse at either 27°C or 37°C, the label was localized exclusively over nuclei. In slices maintained at 37°C, labeling expanded to cover the cell body and proximal dendrites. However, in slices that were labeled and maintained at room temperature, labeling remained confined to the nucleus. In slices that were pulse-labeled at room temperature, and then transferred to 37°C medium, cytoplasmic labeling increased as a function of time. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA in cultured rat hippocampal neurons showed a comparable temperature sensitivity. The inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA at room temperature provides an opportunity to evaluate neuronal function when no new RNA molecules can reach the cytoplasm.
Promoting an egalitarian approach to research with vulnerable populations of women

Title. Promoting an egalitarian approach to research with vulnerable populations of women Aim. This paper is a presentation of issues that arise when conducting research with women from vulnerable populations. Background. Conducting research with ethnic minority populations has accentuated the challenges inherent in research, particularly when the populations participating are considered ‘vulnerable’ due to additional variables such as low levels of income. Data sources. The paper is based on the experiences of three authors using feminist methods in separate but similar research trajectories that include (a) low-income women in the Southern African country of Malawi, (b) women diagnosed with schizophrenia in the United States of America, and (c) rural, indigenous Aymara women of the highlands of Peru. The data forming the basis of this paper were collected over 3- to 6-month periods between 2005 and 2006. Discussion. We examine the impact of the researcher’s power on the research process. Our research provides examples that illuminate the limitations of informed consent in research with vulnerable populations of women. We offer critical questions about and recommendations for nursing and other health care researchers, both in the third world and the western world, regarding appropriate research methods with vulnerable populations: methods that acknowledge the oppressive realities of the participants, methods that deliberately avoid further marginalization of participants, and methods that have the potential to improve the life situations of the women who participate in our research. Conclusion. These examples show the need for new methods to ensure that participants in research understand their role and the benefits they may expect to receive from research.
Bilateral Advancement-Rotation Flaps of Mucosa for Reconstruction of a Lip Following Extensive Excision of Vermilion and Subjacent Tissue in Ablation of a Squamous-Cell Carcinoma

The technique of a modified, but still conservative, method of reconstructing a lip is described in a case of ablation of a squamous-cell carcinoma that required complete removal of the vermillion and very extensive excision of subjacent tissue in the center of the lip anteriorly and posteriorly. Bilateral flaps of mucous membrane had to be advanced and rotated to cover the defect. The functional and cosmetic result was excellent in a short time.
A novel interpretation of temperature versus time curves for deactivating catalyst systems

Abstract A mathematical development of the relationship between the fundamental kinetics and the temperature versus time curves for catalyst deactivation is presented. It is demonstrated that a very large reaction order for fouling, which decreases as the catalyst fouls, can account for typically observed S-shaped temperature versus time curves for reactions involving hydrocarbons under reducing conditions.
Another biochemical variant of galactose mia

Abstract A fifth variant of galactosemia is described in which one of the phenotypes was a parent with normal galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in both red and while blood cells. The enzyme deficiency of the usual carrier phenotype persisted in microcultures of leukocytes from the other parent for at least 2 weeks.
Effect of changes in resource level on age and size at metamorphosis in Hyla squirella

Recent experiments suggest that timing of metamorphosis is fixed during development in some anurans, insects, and freshwater invertebrates. Yet, these experiments do not exclude a growth rate optimization model for the timing of metamorphosis. I manipulated food resources available to larvae of squirrel treefrogs (Hyla squirella) to determine if there is a loss of plasticity in duration of larval period during development and to critically test growth rate models for the timing of metamorphosis. Size-specific resource levels for individual tadpoles were switched from low to high or high to low at three developmental stages spaced throughout larval development. The effects of changes in resource availability on larval period and mass at metamorphosis were measured. Switching food levels after late limb bud development did not significantly affect larval period in comparison to constant food level treatments. Therefore, developmental rate in H. squirella is better described by a fixed developmental rate model, rather than a growth rate optimization model. The timing of fixation of developmental rate in H. squirella is similar to that found in other anuran species, suggesting a taxonomically widespread developmental constraint on the plasticity of larval period duration. Mass at metamorphosis was not significantly affected by the timing of changes in food levels; the amount of food available later in development determined the size at metamorphosis. Larval period and mass at metamorphosis were negatively correlated in only one of two experiments, which contrasts with the common assumption of a phenotypic trade-off between decreased larval period and increased mass at metamorphosis.
A Contingency Approach to Strategy Implementation at the Business-Unit Level: Integrating Administrative Mechanisms with Strategy

This study focused on what is perhaps the most critical aspect of strategy implementation in large, multibusiness organizations: recognizing that different business units within the same corporation often pursue different strategies and that the administrative mechanisms that corporate headquarters use to manage those businesses should differ. This study compared the results of bivariate and systems approaches to fit. Implications of the results for theory development and managerial practice are discussed.
Determinants of auditor changes for non-accelerated filers

Abstract Significant accounting scandals and the imminent collapse of Arthur Andersen in 2001 precipitated a period of heightened regulatory response, most notably the enactment of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002. In the years that followed, the Securities and Exchange Commission created a separate class of non-accelerated filers (companies with public float of up to $75 million) and provided these companies with significant regulatory relief from certain financial reporting disclosure and auditing requirements, including the extension of scaled disclosure to these companies in 2007. Over the period of 2001 through 2007, as non-accelerated clients anticipated and responded to their different and evolving regulatory regime, audit firms were adjusting to the increased concentration in their market, a new monitoring structure, and significant changes to the scope of their work. We examine whether auditor–client misalignment is a significant determinant of auditor change during this period, particularly for non-accelerated filers, as large auditors sought to rebalance their client portfolios. We find evidence that auditor–client misalignment increases the likelihood of auditor change (resignation and dismissal) for non-accelerated, but not accelerated, filers. We also find that auditor–client misalignment increases the likelihood of downward changes to third-tier auditors for non-accelerated, but not accelerated, filers.
Immediate-early gene expression in human saphenous veins harvested during coronary artery bypass graft operations

Saphenous vein graft occlusion is a common late complication of coronary bypass grafting. Intimal smooth muscle cell hyperplasia is a component of this pathobiology, but the underlying molecular events are poorly understood. Immediate-early genes are activated shortly after growth stimulation and subserve cellular functions, which may contribute to intimal smooth muscle cell accumulation. In the present study, human saphenous vein grafts were harvested with minimal manipulation during coronary bypass and processed for isolation of total ribonucleic acid to examine changes in immediate-early gene expression of messenger ribonucleic acid by Northern blotting techniques. Thirty saphenous vein grafts were incubated at 4° C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle media from 30 minutes to 10 hours. The messenger ribonucleic acids for immediate-early genes c- fos and c- myc were weak or undetectable in controls but were increased (>10 times controls) within 1 hour (c- fos ) and persisted for at least 6 hours (c- myc ) after harvest. Our results demonstrate, for the first time in human vascular tissue, incipient immediate-early gene induction. This information may lead to molecular therapies to control saphenous vein graft disease.
FOL: a language for implementing file organizations for information storage and retrieval systems

FOL is a language for implementing file organizations. It is implemented in LPL, a list processing language that is an extension of PL/1. FOL presents the user with a convenient means for declaring the structure of records in a file. Either tree structured or graph structured files can be created and manipulated. The language treats records in a file as nodes in a list. The paper describes other file manipulation languages like APL and IDS. The data organization of FOL and the procedural language for declaring record structures and data manipulation commands are given.