cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Job Search as a Low-Resourced Job Seeker

The Internet is providing increasing access to information about employment opportunities, but not everyone can leverage it effectively. Research suggests that job seekers with limited access to Internet technologies are being left behind, while those with limited social resources are expected to rely on the Internet even more. In this work, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 low-resourced job seekers in a metropolitan area in the Midwestern USA to understand how social and digital resources support their efforts to find work. We find that online resources support job seekers in finding relevant jobs via search, but do not help them identify opportunities to improve their job search process or increase their chances of securing employment. We recommend that systems aiming to support low-resourced job seekers design for deeper engagement with their users across the job search process, to help users recognize ways to improve on their existing practices.
The effects of caregiver depression on childhood asthma: Pathways and mechanisms.

Abstract Objective To review the literature regarding the effects of caregiver depression on childhood asthma and integrate the findings into a multilevel model of pathways by which these effects occur to further the understanding of the complex biopsychosocial nature of childhood asthma and the key role that is played by caregiver depression. Data Sources PubMed was searched for articles published from 2007 to the present (10-year search), and Google Scholar was searched for articles published in 2017 and 2018 to identify the most recent publications. Study Selections Studies selected were recent, empirical, or meta-analytic, conducted in humans, and had specific relevance to one or more of the identified pathways. Articles published before 2007 were included if deemed essential because they addressed key pathways, for which there were no more recent articles. Results Review of the literature substantiates that caregiver depression plays a key role in the socioeconomic, familial, psychological, and biological cascade of effects on childhood asthma. Childhood asthma outcomes are affected indirectly by socioeconomic status and family stress mediated by caregiver depression, which affects disease management, and/or stress and depression in the child, which, in turn, affect asthma through alterations in immune modulation and autonomic regulation. Conclusion Findings indicate that future research should concentrate on mediators and moderators to further clarify the complex interplay of these factors that affect childhood asthma. The findings also have substantial translational implications. Given that child stress and depression contribute to asthma disease activity and that treating caregiver depression improves child stress and depression, there is strong rationale for treating depressed caregivers of children with asthma as a component means of improving childhood asthma control.
Toll-like receptor signaling and regulation of cytokine gene expression in the immune system.

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes are derived from hematopoietic stem cells and provide a first line of defense against infectious pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on these cells recognize molecular stuctures present in the pathogens. Upon binding of a pathogen ligand, TLRs trigger a cascade of signaling pathways that is conserved from insect to plants to humans, which ultimately activates NFkappaB. In mammalian cells, this leads to the induction of cytokine genes and the establishment of innate immunity. For example, TLR signals induce type I interferons (IFN alpha/beta) in dendritic cells conferring an antiviral state upon host cells. Moreover, TLR signals stimulate not only pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNs, IL-1, TNFalpha, and IL-12 but also anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-6 IL-12 and IL-10 are cytokines that bridge early innate responses and the ensuing specific immune responses. TLR signals also enhance an antigen presentation capacity in dendritic cells and macrophages. Recent studies with mouse and human cells indicate that TLRs activate multiple signaling cascades that involve chromatin structure alterations as well as activation of many transcription factors (e.g., IRF-3, IRF-8/ICSBP, and PU.1). Together, although the basic backbone is conserved throughout evolution, the TLR signaling system in mammalian species has an added complexity to accommodate a mechanism that links innate and adaptive immunity.
A novel face-on-face contact method for nonlinear solid mechanics

Abstract The efficient solution of quasistatic contact problems in nonlinear solid mechanics continues to pose some challenges. Traditional node-to-segment methods are not guaranteed to pass the contact patch test, and exhibit non-smooth contact behavior in the presence of sliding. More recent mortar-based methods, which resolve contact interactions over local facet-pairs and typically feature an integral-form gap constraint, result in a more robust treatment of contact in the presence of geometric nonlinearities and large sliding. However, these methods usually require designation of one surface for the interpolation of contact quantities, and are therefore biased. Moreover, reliable iterative solution in the presence of contact constraints remains a challenge for all implicit contact methods. This work presents an unbiased face-on-face contact method using a median-plane methodology and an integral-form gap constraint. The method additionally features a novel subcycle iterative solution strategy that exhibits reliable and efficient convergence performance, even in the presence of large sliding and curved contacting surfaces. Performance of the method is demonstrated through a suite of nonlinear quasi-static contact problems.
Artificial Intelligence for the Otolaryngologist: A State of the Art Review.

ObjectiveTo provide a state of the art review of artificial intelligence (AI), including its subfields of machine learning and natural language processing, as it applies to otolaryngology and to di...
RNA sampling from tissue sections using infrared laser ablation.

Abstract RNA was obtained from discrete locations of frozen rat brain tissue sections through infrared (IR) laser ablation using a 3-μm wavelength in transmission geometry. The ablated plume was captured in a microcentrifuge tube containing RNAse-free buffer and processed using a commercial RNA purification kit. RNA transfer efficiency and integrity were evaluated based on automated electrophoresis in microfluidic chips. Reproducible IR-laser ablation of intact RNA was demonstrated with purified RNA at laser fluences of 3–5 kJ/m2 (72 ± 12% transfer efficiency) and with tissue sections at a laser fluence of 13 kJ/m2 (79 ± 14% transfer efficiency); laser energies were attenuated ∼20% by the soda-lime glass slides used to support the samples. RNA integrity from tissue ablation was >90% of its original RIN value (∼7) and the purified RNA was sufficiently intact for conversion to cDNA and subsequent qPCR assay.
Facility Dogs in the Courtroom: Comfort Without Prejudice?:

Courthouse facility dogs are expertly trained canines that assist individuals with psychological, emotional, or physical difficulties in a myriad of courtroom situations. While these animals are in...
A Machine Learning Model to Predict Seizure Susceptibility from Resting-State fMRI Connectivity

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability globally. Many patients develop post-traumatic epilepsy, or recurrent seizures following TBI. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to identify biomarkers of epileptogenesis that may assist in preventing seizure occurrence by identifying high-risk patients. We present a novel method of assessing seizure susceptibility using data from 49 patients enrolled in the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx). We employ a machine learning paradigm that utilizes a Random Forest classifier trained with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to predict seizure outcomes. Following 100 rounds of stratified cross-validation with 70% of resting state fMRI scans as the training set and 30% as the testing set, our model was found to assess seizure outcome in the testing set with 69% accuracy. To validate the method, we compared our results with classification by Support Vector Machines and Neural Network classifiers.
Quantitative Review of Olivine Carbonation Kinetics:Reactivity Trends, Mechanistic Insights, and Research Frontiers

Magnesium-dominant olivine (Mg2SiO4) has received considerable attention for geologic and ex situ carbon mineralization due to its reaction potential with CO2 and its abundance in mafic and ultrama...
XRCC1‐mediated DNA repair is associated with progression‐free survival of multiple myeloma patients after autologous stem cell transplant

Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) with high-dose melphalan (HDM) is the standard treatment for fit multiple myeloma (MM) patients. It is generally believed that some DNA repair proteins impact the activity to repair melphalan-induced DNA damage, thus potentially contributing to the patient's clinical response. However, knowledge of these proteins is limited. In the current study, we investigated the roles of XRCC1, a protein involved in base excision repair and single-strand break repair, in melphalan response in MM cells. Small interfering RNA knockdown of XRCC1 significantly increased the accumulation of melphalan-induced DNA damage in MM cells and sensitized them to melphalan treatment, indicating that genetic variation in XRCC1 may impact response to melphalan treatment. We then evaluated the association between an XRCC1 variant with reduced activity, rs25487 (R399Q), and clinical outcomes of 108 MM patients with melphalan therapy. Our results showed that XRCC1 rs25487 was associated with prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in MM patients. The adjusted hazard ratio for PFS between patients carrying rs25487 AA/AG and GG was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.84, P = .014). Taken together, these results indicate that XRCC1 is involved in the repair of melphalan-induced DNA damage and XRCC1 rs25487 variant with impaired DNA repair function influences the clinical responses of HDM in MM patients.
Cardiogenic shock: A bittersweet diagnosis

Sweet's syndrome (SS), also known as febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a rare reactive phenomenon characterized by a pattern of clinical symptoms with physical and pathologic manifestations. We present a case of SS with cardiac, dermatologic, and neurologic manifestations. A 73-year-old female
Becoming a Wildlife Professional

Book reviews express the opinions of the individual authors regarding the value of the book's content for Journal of Wildlife Diseases readers. The reviews are subjective assessments and do not nec...
Photochemical Characterization of Surface Waters from Lakes in the Adirondack Region of New York.

The Adirondack Mountain region of New York, a historical hotspot for atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition, features abundant lakes that are experiencing browning associated with recovery from...
Online Allocation of Reusable Resources via Algorithms Guided by Fluid Approximations.

We consider the problem of online allocation (matching and assortments) of reusable resources where customers arrive sequentially in an adversarial fashion and allocated resources are used or rented for a stochastic duration that is drawn independently from known distributions. Focusing on the case of large inventory, we give an algorithm that is $(1-1/e)$ competitive for general usage distributions. At the heart of our result is the notion of a relaxed online algorithm that is only subjected to fluid approximations of the stochastic elements in the problem. The output of this algorithm serves as a guide for the final algorithm. This leads to a principled approach for seamlessly addressing stochastic elements (such as reusability, customer choice, and combinations thereof) in online resource allocation problems, that may be useful more broadly.
Improvements in Hip Extensor Rate of Torque Development Influence Hip and Knee Extensor Feed-Forward Control.

Females have been reported to utilize a feedforward control strategy during landing in which they compensate for decreased rate of torque development (RTD) of the hip extensors through earlier pre-...
Evaluation of Cattle for Naturally Colonized Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Requires Combinatorial Strategies.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups O157, O26, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O45 are designated as food adulterants by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service. Cattle are the primary reservoir of these human pathogens. In this study, 59 Angus crossbred heifers were tested specifically for these seven STEC serogroups using a combination of standard culture, serological, PCR, and cell cytotoxicity methods to determine if comparable results would be obtained. At the time of fecal sampling, the animals were approximately 2 years old and weighed 1000-1200 lbs. The diet comprised of 37% ground alfalfa hay, 25% ground Sudan hay, and 38% ground corn supplemented with trace minerals and rumensin with ad libitum access to water. Non-O157 STEC were isolated from 25% (15/59) of the animals tested using a combination of EC broth, CHROMagar STECTM, and Rainbow Agar O157. Interestingly, the O157 serogroup was not isolated from any of the animals. Non-O157 STEC isolates were confirmed to be one of the six adulterant serogroups by serology and/or colony PCR in 10/15 animals with the predominant viable, serogroup being O103. PCR using DNA extracted from feces verified most of the colony PCR results but also identified additional virulence and O-antigen genes from samples with no correlating culture results. Shiga toxin- (Stx-) related cytopathic effects on Vero cells with fecal extracts from 55/59 animals could only be associated with the Stx gene profiles obtained by fecal DNA PCR and not culture results. The differences between culture versus fecal DNA PCR and cytotoxicity assay results suggest that the latter two assays reflect the presence of nonviable STEC or infection with STEC not belonging to the seven adulterant serogroups. This study further supports the use of combinatorial culture, serology, and PCR methods to isolate viable STEC that pose a greater food safety threat.
Innovated Power Enhancement for Testing Multi-factor Asset Pricing Models

Testing multi-factor asset pricing models is instrumental for the asset pricing theory and practice. Due to the accumulation of errors in estimating high-dimensional parameters, traditional quadratic-form tests such as the Wald test perform poorly against the sparse alternative hypothesis in the presence of a few mispriced assets. Fan et al. (2015) introduced a powerful testing procedure by adding a power enhancement component to the Wald test statistic and proved the power enhancement properties. To provide a promising alternative to Fan et al. (2015), we first introduce a new maximum-form test statistic and then study the asymptotic joint distribution of the Wald test statistic and the maximum test statistic. We prove that these two test statistics are asymptotically independent. Given their asymptotic independence, we propose an innovative power-enhanced testing procedure to combine their respective power based on Fisher’s method (Fisher, 1925). Theoretically, we prove that the innovated power enhancement retains the desired nominal significance level and achieves the asymptotically consistent power against the more general alternative. Furthermore, we demonstrate the finite-sample performance of our proposed innovated power enhancement test in simulation studies and an empirical study for testing market efficiency using asset returns of the Russel-2000 portfolio.
Extremalprobleme mit diskreten Variablen

In diesem Kapitel stellen wir uns die Aufgabe, Programmierungsprobleme zu losen, fur deren Variablen nur ganzzahlige Werte zugelassen sind. Im ersten Abschnitt beschranken wir uns auf einen allgemeinen Uberblick. Der zweite Abschnitt beschreibt Gomorys Methode ganzzahliger Formen, die heutzutage die fruheren unvollstandigen Arbeiten auf diesem Gebiet ersetzt hat. Im dritten Abschnitt wird schlieslich auf die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse hingewiesen, indem eine umfangreiche Klasse schwieriger mathematischer Probleme beschrieben wird, die sich auf ganzzahlige Programme reduzieren lassen. In §26-3-(14) geben wir eine einfache Methode der Umformung einer diskreten Variablen zu einer ganzzahligen Variablen.
An efficient method to reduce roundoff error in matrix multiplication with algorithm-based fault tolerance

Algorithm-Based Fault Tolerance (ABFT) schemes have been proposed by a number of researchers recently. Although all errors can be theoretically detected and corrected by using these techniques, some practical problems, especially the roundoff errors, degrade the performance drastically. In this paper, we proposed a new scheme called Extended Mantissa Checksum (EMC) test in which the mantissa of the product of two input matrices are divided into two sections and extended for faulty detection and correction. Using this scheme, the number of undetected errors and false alarms are decreased largely and the error coverage is improved significantly. In addition, the time latency is short and the hardware overhead is small compared with other schemes. >
Course 3 Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes at the level of transcription by RNA polymerase II—that is, the synthesis of mRNA, which is destined to be translated into proteins. There are a nearly overwhelming number of factors that are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In spite of this complexity, it is possible to outline the general categories of factors and their functions. The growth, development, and maintenance of cells are dependent upon the proper regulation of gene expression. Each of tens of thousands of genes has its own unique program of activity that controls where, when, and how much each gene is to be expressed. The resulting pattern of gene expression specifies the identity and function of cells. Abnormalities in the regulation of gene expression result in cell death or in misregulated cell growth, such as the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in cancer. A variety of cis-acting DNA elements are involved in the control of gene activity.
The Right to Remain Anonymous

Many have described the Internet as the 21st century version of the soap box or anonymous pamphlet. The wealth of information available, and the growth of user generated and social networking content, allows Internet users to read about or comment on virtually anything. The use of usernames allows many of those comments to be made behind a veil of anonymity. On occasion, however, those comments go beyond the zone of protected free speech and venture into defamation and other unprotected areas.As has been demonstrated with the RIAA file-sharing lawsuits, anonymity on the Internet is not as clear-cut as is often thought. Internet users leave behind evidence of their presence when their computer’s IP address is recorded and tied to a specific username. IP addresses are assigned to particular computers by the user’s Internet Service Provider. Consequently, the Internet Service Provider is in a position to tie a particular Internet username to a particular Internet subscriber.However, because the user’s free speech and privacy rights are entitled to be protected, ISPs often will not release a subscriber’s identifying information absent a court order to do so. Problems then arise when a person claims to have been victimized by a defamatory Internet posting and seeks this identifying information. Is there really defamation? Or is it an attempt to quash the free speech rights of an anonymous poster? Who should make that decision, the victim, the poster, the ISP, or the courts?
Influence of bedding dip on glacial erosional landforms, uinta mountains, usa

We explore the relationships amongst bedding dip, basin aspect, and glacial landforms using field observations and analyses of the northwestern inta ountains of tah. We examine basins on opposing s...
Asymmetric induction in the sulfene-enamine condensation reaction

Abstract The extent of asymmetric induction arising from cycloaddition of sulfene to two optically active enamines, one with an acyclic tertiary amine residue and the other a cyclic amine, has been determined to be 6% and 25%, respectively. Most notably, stereospecificity is seen to increase as the rotational degrees of freedom are reduced. Degradation of initially formed aminothietane dioxides to 4-methylthiete 1,1-dioxide has permitted evaluation of the induced absolute configuration at C-4. The results are discussed in terms of transition state conformations and an asymmetric induction model is proposed.
Reheating in Inflationary Cosmology

According to inflationary theory, (almost) all elementary particles populating the universe were created during the process of reheating of the universe after inflation [1]. It makes this process extremely important. However, for many years the theory of reheating remained the least developed part of inflationary theory. Even now, when many features of the mechanism of reheating are understood, the literature on this subject is still full of contradictory statements. The main purpose of the present lectures is to discuss recent developments in the theory of preheating based on the work which I have done in collaboration with Lev Kofman and Alexei Starobinsky and Patrick Greene [2, 3, 4, 5]. This work investigated preheating in chaotic inflation with an account taken of the expansion of the universe and the backreaction of created particles, including the effects of their rescattering. A detailed account of our results can be found in [4, 5]; here I will concentrate on the main picture, emphasizing qualitative rather than quantitative aspects of the theory.
Recent Muonium Hyperfine Structure Measurements

Further data on the hyperfine structure interval Δν of muonium (μ+e-) have recently been obtained through the observation of hfs transitions at very weak magnetic field over a wider range of gas pressures than was studied in our previous work.1,2,3 In particular, we have now observed hfs transitions with krypton as the stopping gas at 6 different pressures in the range from 6 atm to 73 atm, and also with argon at 6 different pressures in the range from 30 atm to 108 atm. The new data allow an increase in the precision of the determination of Δν, principally because of the reduction in the uncertainty in the extrapolation to zero gas pressure.
Erythrocyte levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the syndrome of fetal malnutrition

Abstract Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels were measured in fetally malnourished infants at birth. These values were significantly lower than the levels found in normal newborn infants or the levels in depressed newborn infants with low Apgar scores who were not malnourished. Since acidosis is known to produce a slow fall in red cell 2,3-DPG concentration in newborn infants, these lowered levels in malnourished infants might be an expression of prolonged acidosis in utero.
DCE-MRI of the liver: effect of linear and nonlinear conversions on hepatic perfusion quantification and reproducibility.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of different methods to convert MR signal intensity (SI) to gadolinium concentration ([Gd]) on estimation and reproducibility of model-free and modeled hepatic perfusion parameters measured with DCE-MRI.
Life in the Really Hard Places

The Third Domain. The Untold Story of Archaea and the Future of Biotechnology. By Tim Friend. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC, 2007. 312 pp. $27.95, C$32.95. ISBN 9780309102377. Although the author centers his account on the work of Carl Woese, he spends much of his time describing the distribution, ecology, and potential biotech applications of the Archaea.
Proximal intestinal diversion is associated with increased morbidity in patients undergoing elective colectomy for diverticular disease: an ACS-NSQIP study.

Background Elective colectomy for diverticular disease is common. Some patients undergo primary resection with proximal diversion in an effort to limit morbidity associated with potential anastomotic leak.
EFFECT OF MATERNAL MAGNESIUM SULFATE ADMINISTRATION ON BRAIN CELL FUNCTION IN THE COCAINE-EXPOSED FETAL GUINEA PIG. • 429

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that prenatal cocaine exposure alters brain cell membrane function by decreasing membrane Na+,K+-ATPase activity and potentiates the glutamate/glycine-dependent activation of the NMDA receptor. Magnesium sulfate(MgSO4) attenuates neuronal membrane dysfunction in hypoxic newborn piglets by preserving N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor number and affinity, and Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Data describing the interaction of cocaine and magnesium on neuronal function are lacking. The present study tests the hypothesis that maternal MgSO4 administration will prevent cocaine-induced NMDA receptor/ion channel modification in the fetus. Studies were performed in 6 pregnant guinea pigs (58 days gestation) assigned to 3 groups: Cocaine-treated (COC, n= 2). Magnesium-treated (MG, n=2) and Magnesium/Cocaine-treated (MG-COC, n=2). Animals in the MG and MG-COC groups received an initial bolus of MgSO4 300 mg/kg i.p. followed by 50 mg/kg q 30 min for 5 hours. Mean maternal [Mg++] was 10.5 mg%. Cocaine HCl 30 mg i.p. was given to the COC and MG-COC groups one hour prior to delivery of the fetuses. 3[H]MK-801 binding studies, an index of NMDA receptor activation, were performed in a concentration range from 0.5 to 50 nM in a reaction medium containing 10mM HEPES (pH 7.0), 100 μM glutamate and glycine, and 75 μg protein. Total number of receptors (Bmax) in the COC, MG and MG-COC groups were 1.08 ± 0.13, 1.34 ± 0.07 and 1.19± 0.09 pmol/mg protein (mean±SD). Kd for the same groups were 2.64 ± 0.22, 5.18 ± 0.87 and 4.65 ± 0.01 nM. The data show that MgSO4 may prevent the cocaine-induced increase in the affinity (decreased Kd) of the NMDA receptor for 3[H]MK-801 in fetal brains. We speculate that cocaine-induced modification of the NMDA receptor ion/channel complex may alter NMDA-mediated developmental processes that are essential for fetal brain function. Furthermore, administration of MgSO4 to cocaine-exposed fetuses may attenuate neurotoxicity by the glutamate-type NMDA receptor in the developing fetal brain. (Funded by NIH-HD-20337, MOD#6- FY94-0135, UCPR 506-93)
Single-Shot Holographic Technique for Measuring the Complete Electric Field of an Ultrashort Pulse

We present a new technique, Full Information from a Single Hologram (FISH), to measure the complete spatiotemporal profile of femtosecond pulses on a single shot, using multiple digital holograms simultaneously recorded at different frequencies.
Automated rapid prototyping of TUG specifications using Prolog

Abstract A prototype is usually built quickly and cheaply to explore poorly understood user requirements in the front-end of the software development life cycle. There are several techniques to construct a prototype such as fourth generation languages, functional and logic programming languages, and simulation techniques. Despite their benefits, these techniques do not directly support formal user requirements and specifications. In this paper, a formal specification language, called TUG, is presented to support an automatic derivation of a prototype in Prolog from a specification in the language via a set of transformation rules. The work described in this paper is distinct from existing rapid prototyping techniques. There is a close correspondence between TUG and Prolog that makes the process of transformation relatively mechanical. The process also allows specifiers not to consider low-level details at implementation such as selection of data structures and algorithms due to the features of the TUG specification language and the Prolog programming language. In addition, rederivation of a prototype in Prolog from a TUG specification is also avoided whenever the specification is modified. A Change Request Script is used to update the prototype in response to the revised specification. The prototype construction and specification acquisition are integrated to handle the construction of user requirements. The formality of the TUG specification language improves the quality of the description of user requirements. Rapid prototyping from the specification via software transformations improves the understanding of user requirements in a cost effective way.
058 Cryopreservation of non-manipulated stem cell products; clinical implication

Cryopreservation is of critical importance to the successful clinical use of stem cell products since, except for freshly harvested marrow, most products are cryopreserved months to years before infusion into patients. Despite the importance, data regarding the optimization of cryopreservation of stem cells remains rather limited. Questions remaining that are of interest to the field include defining a shelf life for stem cell products, and determining how to assess successful freezing and thawing procedures. We recently performed two studies to help address these questions. In the first, we assessed the viability of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) cryopreserved for 16–18 years (average 17.5 years). Post-thaw cell recovery, viability and colony forming ability were assessed in vitro. To evaluate engraftment capabilities in vivo, four units were thawed, CD34+ cells isolated, and 2 ×105 CD34+ cells were infused into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mice. Average % cell recovery after thawing the seven units was 92% ± 11.4 with average % post-thaw viability of 72% ± 19. Average colony counts from the seven thawed units were 3.4 ± 3 CFU-GM and 3.1 ± 3 BFU-E. Significantly, at twelve weeks, NSG mice transplanted with two of the units showed evidence of long-term engraftment with the presence of human CD45+ cells by flow cytometry (hCD45+ range 26-81%). Mice transplanted with the other two units are in progress. This study demonstrates PBSC can be cryopreserved for over 16 years and retain colony forming ability, engraft into NSG mice and likely lead to successful clinical transplantation. In the second study, we examined the recovery of nucleated cells from cord blood units and correlated recovery with engraftment kinetics. Retrospective analysis was performed on 59 cord blood units transplanted into 52 patients at Indiana University (average age 23.6 years) with malignant and non-malignant diseases from January 2010 to October 2012. Cord blood units were obtained from 15 different cord blood banks and thawed using the Rubenstein thaw-wash method. Pre-freeze and post-thaw cell dose and viability with trypan blue were analyzed. The corrected recovery was calculated by (pre-freeze – post-thaw cell count) ×viability. This was correlated with neutrophil and platelet engraftment data. Average cell recovery was 81 ± 9.8% with post-thaw viability of 82 ± 6.4% for a corrected recovery of 66 ± 9.9%. Time to engraftment significantly correlated with infused cell dose/kg corrected for viability (p = 0.0056). Platelet engraftment was significantly predicted by both corrected and uncorrected cell dose/kg (p Source of funding: None declared. Conflict of interest: None declared. sgoebel2@iupui.edu
Enteric Pathogen-Plant Interactions: Molecular Connections Leading to Colonization and Growth and Implications for Food Safety

Leafy green vegetables have been identified as a source of foodborne illnesses worldwide over the past decade. Human enteric pathogens, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, have been implicated in numerous food poisoning outbreaks associated with the consumption of fresh produce. An understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the establishment of pathogenic bacteria in or on vegetable plants is critical for understanding and ameliorating this problem as well as ensuring the safety of our food supply. While previous studies have described the growth and survival of enteric pathogens in the environment and also the risk factors associated with the contamination of vegetables, the molecular events involved in the colonization of fresh produce by enteric pathogens are just beginning to be elucidated. This review summarizes recent findings on the interactions of several bacterial pathogens with leafy green vegetables. Changes in gene expression linked to the bacterial attachment and colonization of plant structures are discussed in light of their relevance to plant-microbe interactions. We propose a mechanism for the establishment and association of enteric pathogens with plants and discuss potential strategies to address the problem of foodborne illness linked to the consumption of leafy green vegetables.
A collaborative intercampus model for graduate studies in primary care nursing

A feasibility study was conducted to determine the appropriateness of developing an intercampus curriculum for graduate studies in nursing with collaboration between a School of Medicine at one campus and a School of Nursing at another. Methods of data collection included interviews with a broad scope of administrators, faculty and students, synthesis of survey data and other documentation, and a consultation visit by a representative of the United States national accreditation body for nursing. From these data, an advisory committee of faculty administrators from each campus jointly determined the most appropriate criteria upon which to base an intercampus program. A curriculum preparing students in the specialties of either midwifery or family practice was created. The advantages and disadvantages of this collaborative effort are described, along with conclusions regarding factors influencing the effectiveness of the program.
Multi-featured products and services: analysing pricing and bundling strategies

Many consumer choice situations involve the selection of optional items or features from a menu. Often, in these situations, predesigned bundles or packages of items are also offered. We present an analytical approach to these menu situations which takes into account the large number of alternatives they represent, the interrelated nature of demand for the individual items, and the impact of bundling of items. The emphasis of our data-collection approach is on providing a realistic choice setting which represents all possible alternatives. In our modelling approach, we employ discrete choice modelling techniques which explicitly capture the full range of these alternatives. We present the results of an empirical study of enhanced custom-calling features for residential telephone service. Using this approach, we developed well-behaved choice models that were used to predict demand and revenues for the features under a wide range of marketing scenarios. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical Evidence That Small Proline-rich Proteins and Trichohyalin Function in Epithelia by Modulation of the Biomechanical Properties of Their Cornified Cell Envelopes

The cornified cell envelope (CE) is a specialized structure involved in barrier function in stratified squamous epithelia, and is assembled by transglutaminase cross-linking of several proteins. Murine forestomach epithelium undergoes particularly rigorous mechanical trauma, and these CEs contain the highest known content of small proline-rich proteins (SPRs). Sequencing analyses of these CEs revealed that SPRs function as cross-bridgers by joining other proteins by use of multiple adjacent glutamines and lysines on only the amino and carboxyl termini and in functionally non-polar ways. Forestomach CEs also use trichohyalin as a novel cross-bridging protein. We performed mathematical modeling of amino acid compositions of the CEs of mouse and human epidermis of different body sites. Although the sum of loricrin + SPRs was conserved, the amount of SPRs varied in relation to the presumed physical requirements of the tissues. Our data suggest that SPRs could serve as modifiers of a composite CE material composed of mostly loricrin; we propose that increasing amounts of cross-bridging SPRs modify the structure of the CE, just as cross-linking proteins strengthen other types of tissues. In this way, different epithelia may use varying amounts of the cross-bridging SPRs to alter the biomechanical properties of the tissue in accordance with specific physical requirements and functions.
The effect of pressure on the constant-pressure heat capacity of CF4-CHF3 and N2-CF4-CHF3 mixtures

Abstract Marruffo, F. and Stein, F.F., 1991. The effect of pressure on the constant-pressure heat capacity of CF 4 -CHF 3 and N 2 -CF 4 -CHF 3 mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilibria , 69: 235-250. The constant-pressure heat capacity ratio, C P HP / C P 1atm (where C P HP is the heat capacity at high pressure and C P 1atm is the heat capacity at 1 atm), was measured for approximately equimolar mixtures of CF 4 -CHF 3 and N 2 -CF 4 -CHF 3 along the isotherms 264.14, 273.15, 313.15 and 333.15 K at pressures between 12 and 122 bar. Maxima in the C p ratio of 6.198 at 55.59 bar and 4.172 at 65.83 bar were observed for the CF 4 -CHF 3 mixture at 264.14 and 273.13 K, respectively. The Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state gave good results for the heat capacity ratios, including the maxima, as long as non-zero, temperature-independent interaction parameters were used. Interaction parameters fit independently to vapor-liquid-equilibrium data worked almost as well as those fit directly to the heat-capacity-ratio data.
Effects of sharpening on hyperspectral exploitation

This paper describes a study effort to investigate the impact of SHARP (Sharpening Hyperspectral and Reprojection), a hyperspectral sharpening algorithm, on the utility of the sharpened data for nonliteral exploitation for the 0.4 to 0.9 micron wavelength region. The goals are to investigate if SHARP maintains radiometric integrity and to quantify its effects on various exploitation applications. Reduced spatial resolution hyperspectral data cubes and panchromatic images were generated from HYDICE (Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment) data cubes. SHARP was applied to each panchromatic image and reduced spatial resolution hyperspectral cube pair ro produce a sharpened hyperspectral cube of the same spatial resolution as the panchromatic image. Two nonliteral exploitation functions (i.e. anomaly detection and material identification) were performed on the reduced spatial resolution hyperspectral cubes, the sharpened hyperspectral cubes, and the original HYDICE cubes to facilitate performance comparison. Results showed that sharpening a lower spatial resolution hyperspectral cube with a higher spatial resolution panchromatic image can not fully recover the capability provided by the original higher spatial resolution cube to detect anomalies or identify materials. Results also showed that such fusion can outperform the use of the lower spatial resolution hyperspectral cube by itself, but only for anomaly detection in a desert scene. Sharpening did not improve anomaly detection in a forest scene, nor did it improve material identification in either setting. Results also indicated that although SHARP has maintained the visual interpretability of the data, it did not preserve the radiometric fidelity crucial to nonliteral exploitation.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a randomized controlled pilot trial

An integrated approach addressing maternal depression and associated mother-infant relationship dysfunction may improve outcomes. This study tested Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy (PDP), a dual-focused mother-infant intervention to prevent/decrease maternal postpartum depression and improve aspects of the mother-infant relationship related to child development. Women recruited from hospital postpartum units were screened using a three-stage process. Forty-two depressed first-time mothers and their 6-week-old infants were enrolled and randomized to receive the PDP intervention or usual care plus depression monitoring by phone. The intervention consisted of eight home-based, nurse-delivered mother-infant sessions consisting of (a) supportive, relationship-based, mother-infant psychotherapy, and (b) a developmentally based infant-oriented component focused on promoting positive mother-infant interactions. Data collected at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up included measures of maternal depression, anxiety, maternal self-esteem, parenting stress, and mother-infant interaction. Depression and anxiety symptoms and diagnoses decreased significantly, and maternal self-esteem increased significantly across the study time frame with no between-group differences. There were no significant differences between groups on parenting stress or mother-infant interaction at post-intervention and follow-up. No participants developed onset of postpartum depression during the course of the study. PDP holds potential for treating depression in the context of the mother-infant relationship; however, usual care plus depression monitoring showed equal benefit. Further research is needed to explore using low-intensity interventions as a first step in a stepped care approach and to determine what subset of at-risk or depressed postpartum mothers might benefit most from the PDP intervention.
Effect of manmade pixels on the inherent dimension of natural material distributions

The inherent dimension of hyperspectral data may be a useful metric for discriminating between the presence of manmade and natural materials in a scene without reliance on spectral signatures take from libraries. Previously, a simple geometric method for approximating the inherent dimension was introduced along with results from application to single material clusters. This method uses an estimate of the slope from a graph based on the point density estimation in the spectral space. Other information can be gathered from the plot which may aid in the discrimination between manmade and natural materials. In order to use these measures to differentiate between the two material types, the effect of the inclusion of manmade pixels on the phenomenology of the background distribution must be evaluated. Here, a procedure for injecting manmade pixels into a natural region of a scene is discussed. The results of dimension estimation on natural scenes with varying amounts of manmade pixels injected are presented here, indicating that these metrics can be sensitive to the presence of manmade phenomenology in an image.
Bargaining and Fighting: The Impact of Regime Type on War Onset, Duration, and Outcomes

Recent research suggests that democracies have advantages and disadvantages in wars. Democracies are more likely to win the wars they initiate and the ones in which they are targeted. Wars initiated by democracies are also uniformly shorter and less costly than wars initiated by nondemocracies. However, democracies are also less likely to continue fighting and less likely to win as war drags on. Democracies are also particularly likely to be targeted. We present a bargaining model that reconciles these divergent findings. The model explains why democracies are more likely to win but are also more likely to settle and more likely to be targeted than other types of regimes. The model's explanation of these facts differs in important ways from existing explanations. The model also suggests several new hypotheses relating regime type to the terms of settlement and the onset of war.
A Mo–Si–B intermetallic alloy with a continuous α-Mo matrix

Abstract A novel technique for fabricating high-temperature molybdenum–silicon–boron intermetallic composites is described. Vacuum annealing of silicide particles resulted in a loss of Si, and consequently a Mo solid solution layer, at the surfaces. Subsequent consolidation produced a microstructure of silicide particles bonded by a continuous Mo matrix. The α-Mo imparted significant room temperature fracture toughness.
Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap

In drainage from an inactive ore heap at a former gold mine, the speciation of cyanide and the concentrations of several metals were found to follow diurnal cycles. Concentrations of the hexacyanoferrate complex, iron, manganese, and ammonium were higher at night than during the day, whereas weak-acid-dissociable cyanide, silver, gold, copper, nitrite, and pH displayed the reverse behavior. The changes in cyanide speciation, iron, and trace metals can be explained by photodissociation of iron and cobalt cyanocomplexes as the solutions emerged from the heap into sunlight-exposed channels. At midday, environmentally significant concentrations of free cyanide were produced in a matter of minutes, causing trace copper, silver, and gold to be mobilized as cyanocomplexes from solids. Whether rapid photodissociation is a general phenomenon common to other sites will be important to determine in reaching a general understanding of the environmental risks posed by routine or accidental water discharges from precious metal mining facilities.
Discrepancy between theory and experiment in nuclear polarization corrections of muonic /sup 208/Pb

Experimental nuclear-polarization corrections for muonic /sup 208/Pb have been deduced from a model-independent analysis of elastic electron-scattering and muonic x-ray data. The result is in disagreement with theoretical calculations and suggests the existence of a fundamental problem in present theoretical approaches to the nuclear polarization effect.
Minimal intervention--nurse-midwives in the United States.

I first observed childbirth in 1973 during a rotation at the Boston Lying-In Hospital, where I witnessed many women in labor screaming in a scopolamine stupor. What I remember most vividly were not the physicians and nurses, competent though they may have been, but the British-trained nurse-midwives who practiced as labor nurses. Their competence, confidence, and compassion had a calming effect on everyone in the room (including this terrified student-nurse). The experience was so gripping, in fact, that I left the hallowed halls of New England Deaconess Hospital for the hollows of Kentucky to enter the Frontier Nursing Service School . . .
A characterization of the inhibiting effect of Cu on metastable pitting in dilute Al–Cu solid solution alloys

Abstract Copper additions to aluminum decrease susceptibility to pit initiation provided that Cu is retained in solid solution. This can be observed as an increase in pitting potential with increasing Cu content in an alloy. To further understand this effect, metastable pitting of high purity Al, Al–0.2Cu and Al–2.0Cu exposed to 0.1 M NaCl solutions has been examined in detail. Results show that 0.2 wt.% Cu additions decrease the metastable pit initiation rate by more than an order of magnitude and slow the pit growth rate mainly by decreasing the peak pit current attained. In an Al–2.0 wt.% alloy, metastable pitting events were too rare for rigorous study. Repassivation of metastable pits occurs by a two-stage process in Al–0.2 wt.% Cu alloy. The repassivation rate during the first stage is identical to that of high purity Al and appears to be completely unaffected by Cu in the alloy or in the pit solution. In the second stage, repassivation is slow, but is not believed to affect ultimate pit stability. Overall, Cu additions decrease the probability of stable pit formation by decreasing metastable pit initiation and growth rates.
Macromolecular organization of nuclei and chromosomes: a folded fibre model based on whole-mount electron microscopy.

Macromolecular Organization of Nuclei and Chromosomes: A Folded Fibre Model Based on Whole-Mount Electron Microscopy
Tumor microenvironment regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in metastasis.

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key developmental process that occurs in tumor cells, has been intensively studied by cancer researchers in the last decade. It represents one of t...