cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design study of electronically steerable half-width microstrip leaky wave antennas

A half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna (HMLWA) having electronic beam steering capabilities is presented. Electronic beam scanning is demonstrated in X-, Ku- and Ka-bands through detailed design analysis and measurements. Two physical design approaches are studied; one requiring multi-layer processing and another requiring only a single layer metallization. In this paper, only the single layer design was implemented. Varactor diodes are edge coupled to the antenna element to achieve beam scanning as a function of the applied voltage at a fixed frequency. Beam scanning of 45-degrees for an 8 GHz design and 30-degrees for a 16 GHz antenna design are demonstrated. Details of design, fabrication and measurements are presented.
Cigarette Smoking: Effect on Perceptions of Source Credibility:

This study examined the effect of cigarette smoking on the perceptions of source credibility. A sample of smokers and nonsmokers were recruited (N = 272) and randomly assigned to view one of four versions of a photograph: male with cigarette, female with cigarette, male without cigarette, and female without cigarette. Perceptions of the photographs were then recorded using a credibility scale. Nonsmoking models were rated significantly higher than smokers in competency, character, and composure while smoking models received significantly higher marks than nonsmokers in extroversion.
Generalized Haldane equation and fluctuation theorem in the steady-state cycle kinetics of single enzymes.

Enyzme kinetics are cyclic. We study a Markov renewal process model of single-enzyme turnover in nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) with sustained concentrations for substrates and products. We show that the forward and backward cycle times have identical nonexponential distributions: ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{+}(t)={\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{\ensuremath{-}}(t)$. This equation generalizes the Haldane relation in reversible enzyme kinetics. In terms of the probabilities for the forward $({p}_{+})$ and backward $({p}_{\ensuremath{-}})$ cycles, ${k}_{B}T\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ln}({p}_{+}∕{p}_{\ensuremath{-}})$ is shown to be the chemical driving force of the NESS, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\mu}$. More interestingly, the moment generating function of the stochastic number of substrate cycle $\ensuremath{\nu}(t)$, $⟨{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\nu}(t)}⟩$, follows the fluctuation theorem in the form of Kurchan-Lebowitz-Spohn-type symmetry. When $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\mu}∕{k}_{B}T$, we obtain the Jarzynski-Hatano-Sasa-type equality $⟨{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}(t)\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\mu}∕{k}_{B}T}⟩$ $\ensuremath{\equiv}$ 1 for all $t$, where $\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\mu}$ is the fluctuating chemical work done for sustaining the NESS. This theory suggests possible methods to experimentally determine the nonequilibrium driving force in situ from turnover data via single-molecule enzymology.
Maturation Dynamics of Bacteriophage HK97 Capsid

Maturation of the bacteriophage HK97 capsid requires a large conformational change of the virus capsid. Experimental studies have identified several intermediates along this maturation pathway. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of capsid maturation, we examined the fluctuation dynamics of the procapsid and mature capsid using a residue-level computational approach. The most cooperative motions of the procapsid are found to be consistent with the observed change in configuration that takes place during maturation. A few dominant modes of motion are sufficient to describe the anisotropic expansion that accompanies maturation. Based upon these modes, maturation is proposed to occur via an overall expansion and reconfiguration of the capsid initiated by puckering of the pentamers, followed by flattening and crosslinking of the hexameric subunits, and finally crosslinking of the pentameric subunits. The highly mobile E loops are stabilized by anchoring to highly stable residues belonging to neighboring subunits.
The City as a Mirror: Transport, Land Use and Social Change in Jakarta

This paper examines historical patterns of transport and land use development in Jakarta with a view to understanding the larger meaning of development in this context. The paper uses archival analysis and policy interviews to trace theories and practices of national and urban development from the late colonial period to the mid 1990s. Apparent continuities in the development of major roads, goods movement corridors and spaces of flows are investigated in relation to claims of fundamental policy and social change across this period. Additionally, shifts in the provision of public transport and pedestrian facilities are investigated in terms of wider processes of social contestation and resolution. The analysis highlights the connection between transport and land use policies and wider economic, political and social imaginaries. It also suggests that, despite the appearance of fundamental ideological change and social upheaval, there are continuities in development that suggest the maintenance of social re...
Physicians' conceptualization of "closure" as a benefit of physician-parent follow-up meetings after a child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit.

We examined physicians’ conceptualization of closure as a benefit of follow-up meetings with bereaved parents. The frequency of use and the meaning of the word “closure” were analyzed in transcripts of interviews with 67 critical care physicians affiliated with the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. In all, 38 physicians (57 percent) used the word “closure” at least once (median: 2; range: 1 to 7), for a total of 86 times. Physicians indicated that closure is a process or trajectory rather than an achievable goal. They also indicated that parents and physicians can move toward closure by gaining a better understanding of the causes and circumstances of the death and by reconnecting with, or resolving relationships between, parents and health professionals. Physicians suggested that a primary reason to conduct follow-up meetings is that such meetings offer parents and physicians an opportunity to move toward closure. Future research should attempt to determine whether follow-up meetings reduce the negative effects of bereavement for parents and physicians.
Adult Crime, Adult Time? Benchmarking Public Views on Punishing Serious Juvenile Felons

During the 1980s and 1990s, policy makers became alarmed by the perceived increase in juveniles’ involvement in serious crime. As a result, a number of laws were passed to increase the penalties associated with the commission of such crimes, including laws making juvenile waiver to adult court easier. Although research exists regarding public support for transferring juveniles, limited research is available to shed light on whether the public supports juveniles receiving “adult time” for “adult crimes.” This study expands on the current literature by assessing the public’s views on the appropriate level of punishment for juveniles who have committed a serious felony offense. Drawing on public responses to vignettes and data from the National Judicial Reporting Program, we also benchmark public preferences against actual sentences in criminal court. Although our results show that the public favors less severe penalties for many juveniles, we also find evidence of a public sentiment that “adult crime” merit...
Highly tuned gas atomization for controlled preparation of coarse powder

While close-coupled gas atomization has been demonstrated for highly controlled production of fine powders in many alloy systems, defense applications for Mg powder demand that such an atomization system also be capable of producing a narrow standard deviation for coarse Mg powders. To develop this capability, a series of 5 gas atomization experiments were conducted with Al, as a less hazardous surrogate for Mg, over a range of a very low atomization gas pressures. The optimum result produced an average particle diameter of about 460 {micro}m with a standard deviation of 1.53 using Ar atomization gas, sufficiently close to the 500 {micro}m target size. These experiments achieved the process uniformity needed for this narrow standard deviation by stabilizing melt filming with an expanded discrete jet, close-coupled atomization nozzle and a slotted trumpet bell pour tube. Initial analysis of the size results indicated that decreased atomization gas velocity, acting within the acceleration wave model, was the key controlling variable in this low-pressure regime. No consistent influence of gas/melt mass flow ratio was detected in the data. Experimental observation of the atomization spray images also indicated that a practical lower limit to atomization gas pressure is about 69 kPa for achieving atomizationmore » process uniformity with the method of this study.« less
Examining Trends and Coexisting Conditions Among Children Qualifying for SSI Under ADHD, ASD, and ID.

Abstract Objective To examine the prevalence trends and coexisting conditions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID) in the pediatric Supplemental Security Income (SSI) population and general population. Methods The Social Security Administration (SSA) provided data on primary and secondary diagnoses of children qualifying for SSI for years 2000 to 2011. We compared SSA data with 2000–2011 National Health Interview Survey data on the prevalence of mental health diagnoses among children in the general population living between 0 and 199% of the federal poverty line. We utilized linear regression analysis to test the statistical significance of differences in the trends of the conditions' prevalence. Results Over this time period, the SSI population experienced increases in ADHD (5.8%) and ASD (7.2%) and a decrease in ID (−10.3%). Comparison with change in the general population indicated no significant difference in ADHD but significant differences in ASD and ID. Relative percentage changes reflect similar changes. The SSI population qualifying for SSI with ADHD (70.8%) had higher rates of coexisting conditions than the general population (66.1%), but lower rates of coexisting conditions for ASD and ID. Conclusions ADHD is on the rise among children receiving SSI and in the general population. This suggests that the rise of ADHD in the SSI population is expected and does not represent a misallocation of resources. Changes described among the SSI population in ASD and ID may allude to diagnostic/coding trends and/or true changes in prevalence. Limitations arise from the comparability of the 2 data sets.
Circulating Activated and Effector Memory T Cells Are Associated with Calcification and Clonal Expansions in Bicuspid and Tricuspid Valves of Calcific Aortic Stenosis

We sought to delineate further the immunological significance of T lymphocytes infiltrating the valve leaflets in calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) and determine whether there were associated alterations in circulating T cells. Using clonotypic TCR β-chain length and sequence analysis we confirmed that the repertoire of tricuspid CAS valves contains numerous expanded T cell clones with varying degrees of additional polyclonality, which was greatest in cases with severe calcification. We now report a similar proportion of clonal expansions in the much younger bicuspid valve CAS cases. Peripheral blood flow cytometry revealed elevations in HLA-DR + activated CD8 cells and in the CD8 + CD28 null CD57 + memory-effector subset that were significantly greater in both bicuspid and tricuspid CAS cases with more severe valve calcification. Lesser increases of CD4 + CD28 null T cells were identified, principally in cases with concurrent atherosclerotic disease. Upon immunostaining the CD8 T cells in all valves were mainly CD28 null , and CD8 T cell percentages were greatest in valves with oligoclonal repertoires. T cell clones identified by their clonotypic sequence as expanded in the valve were also found expanded in the circulating blood CD28 null CD8 + T cells and to a lesser degree in the CD8 + CD28 + subset, directly supporting the relationship between immunologic events in the blood and the valve. The results suggest that an ongoing systemic adaptive immune response is occurring in cases with bicuspid and tricuspid CAS, involving circulating CD8 T cell activation, clonal expansion, and differentiation to a memory-effector phenotype, with trafficking of T cells in expanded clones between blood and the valve.
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma: A systematic review

Background and Objectives The multi-modal treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma has seen increased use of neoadjuvant radiation. However, its effect on local recurrence and survival remain controversial. We aimed to synthesize and evaluate the literature. Methods The review was conducted according the recommendation of the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group with pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Of 8,701 citations collected, 15 articles reported on 464 patients. The median age was 56 years (45–64). The predominant histological subtypes were liposarcoma (51.54%) and leiomyosarcoma (23.26%). Tumor differentiation composed of 37.1% well-, 12.8% moderate-, 46.0% poorly-, and 4.1% undifferentiated. Most studies featured external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) treatment regimen with some who included patients treated with IMRT instead. Median follow-up averaged 41.4 months (19–106 months). Median 5-year OS, PFS, and LRR rates were 58%, 71.5%, and 25%. Using the NCI CTCAE, toxicities from Grade 1 (Mild) through Grade 5 (death) were experienced by 18.8%, 10.2%, 16.3%, 0.7%, and 1.6% of patients. Conclusions NART is a safe to use for RPS, but its effect toward survival and local control remains unclear. Without randomized control trials, common reporting criteria for pro- and retrospective studies are needed to allow comparison between studies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:628–634. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Action of Leucogenenol on Lymphoblastoid Cells of Normal and Neoplastic Origin

SummaryIn tissue culture leucogenenol increases the RQ and decreases the oxygen consumption of lymphoblastoid cells that originate from normal humans, while it decreases the RQ and increases the oxygen consumption of lymphoblastoid cells that originate from humans suffering neoplastic blood diseases. Strains of lymphoblastoid cells that originate from normal humans are indistinguishable so far as the effect of leucogenenol on them is concerned. Lymphoblastoid cells that originate from neoplastic tissues, however, show a RQ and rate of oxygen consumption and the effect of leucogenenol on the RQ and rate of oxygen consumption that is characteristic of the neoplastic origin of the lymphoblastoid cells. It is suggested that leucogenenol affects those enzyme systems that are associated with the transformation of cells and perhaps malfunction of the same systems is associated with neoplastic diseases.
Appropriateness of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Are We Acting Appropriately?

As modern medicine has grown and evolved, there has been an enormous explosion of information available to clinicians and patients. This ongoing explosion has no end in sight. The amount of available information that must be examined and integrated into patient care is so extensive that it strains the mind to consider it all. This is especially true in the field of cardiology, especially when considering possible coronary revascularization. Despite the potential for information overload, judgements and choices must be made in everyday practice. To help, professional societies, such as the American College of Cardiology, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the American Heart Association, have been publishing clinical practice guidelines for 30 years now.1 These periodically revised documents are meant to provide evidencebased reviews and recommendations for several clinical conditions, including ratings for many possible diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, someguidelineswere perceived to be less than ideal forcertainaspectsofcardiologypracticeanumberofyearsago. The guidelines for coronary revascularizationwere judged to be incomplete formulations of common clinical scenarios; the evidence baseand interpretationsput forwardwithin theguidelineswereconsidered to be insufficient for diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions that could or might be performed in patients with coronary disease. A newer formulation was sought based on a concept of “appropriateness.”2 In other words, for certain common clinical problems that could be expressly delineated,what is andwhen is it appropriate to perform certain tests or procedures? This question takes on enormous importance when one considers the costs of treatment of coronary artery disease in the United States. The developers of these Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) stated their goal JAMA
Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Infection by Evaluation of Neutrophil Adhesion Molecule CD11b and CD64 Expression

Objective: To investigate the value of the peripheral blood neutrophil adhesion molecule CD11b and CD64 expression in the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection, and the efficacy thereof. Methods: Sixty-three neonatal cases with suspected bacterial infection who were hospitalized from May 2005-May 2008 were recruited into the study. The clinical manifestations, blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid culture were collected in neonatal patients. Five non-specific indices were measured for each patient. The neonatal patients were divided into sepsis group (n = 33) and non-septicemic infection group (n = 30). Fifteen hospitalized neonates with non-infectious diseases were enrolled as controls (n = 15). The peripheral blood samples of 1mL were taken from patients of each group within 24~48 h of admission. The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil CD11b and CD64 were measured by flow cytometry, which were measured again during the recovery period (after treatment 1 week) for sepsis group. Results: The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil CD11b and CD64 were higher in sepsis group than those of non-septicemic infection group and control group (P 0.05). The levels of CD11b and CD64 were significantly decreased in the restoration stage of sepsis group (P 0.05). The positive critical value of sepsis group were CD11b≥320 MFI and CD64≥20 MFI, which showed that diagnostic sensitivity of sepsis were 72.73% and 75.00%, and the specificity were 94.74% and 80.49%. The expressions of neutrophil CD11b and CD64 were no significant significance between gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria infection. Conclusion: The expression of peripheral blood neutrophil adhesion molecule CD11b and CD64 measured by flow cytometry can be used as one of the laboratory index for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. There is clinical value in judging the degree of infection, evaluation of treatment by dynamically observation of their levels.
Production and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Oat Forages Receiving Slurry or Urea

Although fall-grown oat (Avena sativa L.) has potential for use as supplementary fall forage throughout the north-central United States, one additional benefit is the option for summer manure distribution that is not possible within a conventional corn (Zea mays L.) cropping program. ‘ForagePlus’ oat was seeded into replicated plots fertilized with urea at rates of 0, 20, 40, 60, or 100 kg N ha⁻¹ or with dairy slurry applied at approximately 42,300 and 84,600 L ha⁻¹ (105 and 209 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively). Apparent N recovery from fall-grown oat plots fertilized with urea ranged from 65.8 to 89.8%. This suggested aggressive scavenging of N, but calculation of these high apparent N recovery rates was dependent on relatively low preplanting soil NO₃–N concentrations, as well as a good dry matter (DM) yield response to N fertilization (y = −0.114x² + 29.9x + 2130; R² = 0.982). For this study, applications of high and low rates of dairy slurry yielded respective N fertilizer equivalencies of 38 and 45 kg N ha⁻¹ for fall-grown oat, which are roughly equivalent to Wisconsin recommendations for cereal grains (45 kg N ha⁻¹). Apparent N recovery following application of the high and low rates of dairy slurry was 18.1 and 25.5%, respectively; however, when expressed on the basis of NH₄–N applied, apparent N recovery for fall-grown oat averaged 53.5% and did not differ among slurry application rate treatments. Fall-grown oat appears to be an effective scavenger of N applied as NH₄–N from dairy slurry.
Targeted gene transfer to human hematopoietic progenitor cell lines through the c-kit receptor

In this report, we describe a novel gene therapy approach for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells using a specific receptor-mediated gene transfection procedure to target c-kit+ cell lines. The vector consists of plasmid DNA containing a luciferase reporter gene that is condensed by electrostatic forces with polylysine (PL) covalently linked to streptavidin (binds biotinylated ligand) and PL covalently linked to adenovirus (AD; to achieve endosomal lysis) with the final addition of biotinylated steel factor (SLF-biotin). Targeted transfection of growth factor-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines that express c-kit showed specific luciferase gene expression over cell lines that did not express c-kit. This effect was dependent on the dose of SLF-biotin and was competed by excess SLF or with monoclonal antibodies that recognize c-kit and block the binding of SLF to its receptor. Maximum transfection efficiency (> 90%) requires a 2- hour incubation period of the vector with the cells, and maximum gene expression occurred 30 hours later. Removal of the endosomalytic agent, AD, from the vector resulted in the loss of gene expression. Vector targeting was versatile and could be changed by the addition of other biotinylated ligands. In principle, this vector should be broadly applicable to deliver genes to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo.
User Study: Varying the Ambient Illumination

With the user study described in the last chapter it is already possible to complete the last part the contrast perception graph from Figure 1.4 for many different traffic scenarios. However, it is intuitively known that the prevailing lighting situation also influences both glare and contrast perception: the same light source may appear harmless during the day, but becomes a glare source at night. Hence, in this Chapter the measured readaptation graphs are extended to glare scenarios with different background illumination and a second user study is conducted.
Taxonomic Review of Japanese Sponges (Porifera)

The history of taxonomic studies on Japanese sponges is reviewed. A literature-based list of Japanese sponge species is provided (see Appendix), which includes 636 species plus 16 subspecies, represented by all four classes in the phylum Porifera. Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most predominant and consist of 434 species, followed by calcareous sponges (Calcarea, 119 spp.), hexactinellid or glass sponges (Hexactinellida, 78 spp.), and homoscleromorph sponges (Homoscleromorpha, 5 spp.). Most of the species are poorly understood, and the taxonomic identity of each species should be investigated in future studies. Haliclona hoshinoi nom. nov. is herein proposed for Haliclona punctata Hoshino, 1981 (type locality: Ariake Sea, Japan) to avoid homonymy with Haliclona punctata Bergquist and Warne, 1980 (type locality: Christchurch, New Zealand).
Acculturation level and caregiver outcomes from a randomized intervention trial to enhance caregivers' health: evidence from REACH II.

ABSTRACTObjective: Latinos comprise a growing segment of the caregiver population and vary widely in acculturation, yet little is known regarding how acculturation might affect caregiver stress or intervention outcomes. This study examined the relationship between acculturation and burden, bother, and depression in Latino dementia caregivers at baseline and following an intervention.Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of 211 Latino caregivers of older adults with dementia from Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH) II, a multisite randomized trial of caregiver interventions. Baseline and follow-up data were used to run mixed-effects models examining the main and moderating effect of acculturation on caregiver stress.Results: No significant main effect of acculturation was found for any of the outcome measures, controlling for demographic covariates. Acculturation moderated the effect of the intervention on caregiver burden: those who were more acculturated benefited more from...
Processes of Belonging for Citizen-Children of Undocumented Mexican Immigrants.

In this article, we focus on the developmental contexts of middle childhood and early adolescence to explore the lives of citizen-children living with undocumented Mexican parents. We draw on the concept of belonging to highlight the distinct situation of citizen-children and the ways in which they come to understand their place in a world. To capture the experiences of citizen-children born to undocumented Mexican immigrant parents and their sense of belonging to place and community, we conducted in-depth interviews with 83 citizen-children in late childhood and early adolescence in three groups. One group of citizen-children lived in Mexico after their parents’ deportation. Another group remained in the U.S. after parents were detained or deported. The third group did not have a parent in deportation proceedings. Qualitative analyses of children’s recorded interviews revealed their experiences of discovery of parents’ undocumented status; political, social and material exclusion; and rupture of family ties. Children were keenly aware that birthright citizenship afforded them numerous privileges unavailable to their parents, but that it did not extend to the very privilege, they valued most: an intact family. The loss of parents through detention or deportation forced some children to consider existential questions about who they were and where they belonged, sometimes pitting family members against one another. Our findings suggest that belonging is intimately tied to broader forces of legal persecution that go beyond individualized notions of illegality and have deep, possibly lasting psychological effects.
Designing secure networks with q-composite key predistribution under different link constraints

In many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensors are deployed in hostile environments where an adversary can eavesdrop communications. To secure communications in WSNs, the q-composite key predistribution scheme has been widely recognized as a suitable approach. In this paper, we investigate connectivity in secure WSNs operating under the q-composite scheme, in consideration of different link constraints: the unreliability of wireless links and the requirement that two sensors have to be within certain distance to have a link. We formally derive conditions on how to scale the model parameters so that the network is securely connected with high probability when the number of sensors becomes large. The results are given in the form of zero-one laws and provide useful guidelines for designing securely and reliably connected sensor networks.
Regulation of the Immune System by Lymphocyte Sets: Analysis in Animal Models

Publisher Summary This chapter presents experiments that established that the genetic program for a single differentiated set of cells, in this case immunological cells, combines information coding for a surface antigenic profile that is associated with particular physiological functions. the experiments have indicated that the majority of T cells are not effector cells poised to respond to foreign antigen but regulatory cells that respond mainly to signals or messages generated from within the T cell system itself and that detectable immune responses reflect perturbations of these signals after the Lyl system is stimulated by antigen. The net effect of these T–T interactions after perturbation by antigen is to restore the homeostatic balance of the system, usually at a new level reflecting differentiation of antigen-specific T- and B-cell clones belonging to the sets.
Does Mercy Bear Richer Fruits than Strict Justice? Implicit Effects of Subjective Rewards and Penalties in Tournaments

This study explores the effects of subjective ex-post adjustments of objective performance in a tournament incentive contract including both rewards and penalties. We extend prior literature on the tradeoffs associated with subjectivity in performance evaluations by considering the effects of subjective rewards (penalties) not only on the members of the organization that explicitly receive them, but also on those that, as a mechanical consequence of the tournament structure, face implicit penalties (rewards). We predict and find that, in presence of subjective evaluations, performance effects related to implicit rewards (penalties) counterbalance those associated with explicit penalties (rewards). While the net effect between subjective rewards and implicit penalties is not significantly different than zero, we find that the balance between subjective penalties and implicit rewards is significantly positive. Our study documents effects of subjective evaluations that might alter the effectiveness of incentive systems, and are relevant for the practice of management accounting.
Harmonic Analysis on Bounded Symmetric Domains

It is perhaps fair to say that the most influential work of modern Chinese harmonic analysts is the book “Harmonic Analysis of Functions of Several Complex Variables in the Classical Domains” by the late Professor L. K. Hua [21]. Although the book was written over 30 years ago, it is still a very useful reference for information about Cartan domains. In this article we survey a few topics of analysis on bounded symmetric domains which were studied after the appearance of Hua’s classic.
Found time: Kairos in A Visit from the Goon Squad

A Visit from the Goon Squad conceives of time as a brutalizing force. Passing years ravage characters who wonder where time went. Time is central to the story and to the nonlinear way Jennifer Egan...
Hydrophobic Effect on the Intrinsic Viscosity of Globular Proteins

The viscosity of a protein depends on the conformation which is a result of the hydrophobic effect. Most of the hydrophobic side chains are buried in the interior of globular proteins in solution and thus determine the conformation of proteins (Tanford, 1962; Nemethy and Scheraga, 1962; Kauzmann, 1959). Therefore, the viscosity of a globular protein changes when a conformational change of a protein is induced.
Propositional attitudes and formal ontology

This paper develops — within an axiomatic theory of properties, relations, and propositions which accords them well-defined existence and identity conditions — a sententialist-functionalist account of belief as a symbolically mediated relation to a special kind of propositional entity, theproxy-encoding abstract proposition. It is then shown how, in terms of this account, the truth conditions of English belief reports may be captured in a formally precise and empirically adequate way that accords genuinely semantic status to familiar opacity data.
The Search for Element 61

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory was established during the Second World War. Its primary objective, as a part of the Manhattan Project in 1943, was the development, as rapidly as possible, of a feasible process for the production of the fissionable nuclides, Pu240 and U235 at a purity level and rate sufficient for the assembly of the nuclear bomb which was under development concurrently at the laboratory complex established in the University of California Project at Los Alamos, New Mexico (1,2) as another part of the Manhattan Project. In the Oak Ridge, Tennessee complex the Clinton Laboratories, identified as X-10 at the time (1943), were operated by the University of Chicago. It was involved with the development of a chemical process for the separation of slow-neutron fissionable Pu240, produced in the graphite-moderated nuclear reactor built for this purpose, from the components of the fuel elements and the radioactive products formed simultaneously. Research programs to develop a technique for the separation of the slow-neutron fissionable U235 isotope from its much more abundant naturally occurring isotope, U238, were carried out in two other installations in Oak Ridge. The first of these, known as Y-12, was operated by Tennessee Eastman and examined electromagnetic techniques for their separation. Union Carbide was in charge of operations at K-25, the second installation used to examine the feasibility of uranium isotope separation by a gaseous diffusion process. In this process advantage was taken of mass-based differences in the diffusion of U235F6 and U238F6 through porous barriers.
Partial Order Aware Concurrency Sampling

We present POS, a concurrency testing approach that samples the partial order of concurrent programs. POS uses a novel priority-based scheduling algorithm that dynamically reassigns priorities regarding the partial order information and formally ensures that each partial order will be explored with significant probability. POS is simple to implement and provides a probabilistic guarantee of error detection better than state-of-the-art sampling approaches. Evaluations show that POS is effective in covering the partial-order space of micro-benchmarks and finding concurrency bugs in real-world programs, such as Firefox’s JavaScript engine SpiderMonkey.
The Regulatory System of the Future

The author proposes new regulatory structures and principles for the future of small business lending, particularly in an era of big data and artificial intelligence—drawing lessons from the United Kingdom and China. How can a new regulatory framework both protect small businesses and encourage innovation, recognizing that many of the new players will look different than traditional lenders? Optimal structures require bold actions to streamline the overlapping and sometimes contradictory jurisdictional issues. Regulators must confront thorny questions raised by the use of massive amounts of data on small businesses and their owners, and the use of artificial intelligence to deliver new products and services.
Quantifying the presence of evidential value and selective reporting in food-related inhibitory control training: a p -curve analysis.

ABSTRACTMeta-analyses suggest inhibitory control training (ICT) may be effective for reducing food intake. However, psychological research has come under scrutiny for lack of reliability. Selective...
Szegő’s condition on compact subsets of ℂ

Abstract Let K be a non-polar compact subset of ℂ and μ K be its equilibrium measure. Let μ be a unit Borel measure supported on K . We prove that a Szegő condition in terms of the Radon–Nikodym derivative of μ with respect to μ K implies that inf n ‖ P n ( ⋅ ; μ ) ‖ L 2 ( ℂ ; μ ) Cap ( K ) n > 0 . We show that ‖ P n ( ⋅ ; μ K ) ‖ L 2 ( ℂ ; μ K ) Cap ( K ) n ≥ 1 for any compact non-polar set K . We also prove that under an additional assumption, boundedness of the sequence ‖ P n ( ⋅ ; μ K ) ‖ L 2 ( ℂ ; μ K ) Cap ( K ) n implies that K satisfies the Parreau–Widom condition.
Culture and Networks

Changing conceptions within the sociology of culture and in the research community of social network analysts have led to the development of a new specialty area, research at the intersection of culture and networks. The new research entails a rethinking both of the kinds of actors and actions that takes place in networks, and of the connections among actors that are relevant. This article emphasizes conversations, objections, and ongoing concerns within this evolving research specialty as well as research accomplishments.
Parents' gesture adaptations to children with autism spectrum disorder

The present study focused on parents' social cue use in relation to young children's attention. Participants were ten parent-child dyads; all children were 36 to 60 months old and were either typically developing (TD) or were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children wore a head-mounted camera that recorded the proximate child view while their parent played with them. The study compared the following between the TD and ASD groups: (a) frequency of parent's gesture use; (b) parents' monitoring of their child's face; and (c) how children looked at parents' gestures. Results from Bayesian estimation indicated that, compared to the TD group, parents of children with ASD produced more gestures, more closely monitored their children's faces, and provided more scaffolding for their children's visual experiences. Our findings suggest the importance of further investigating parents' visual and gestural scaffolding as a potential developmental mechanism for children's early learning, including for children with ASD.
Advancing non-convex and constrained learning: challenges and opportunities

As data gets more complex and applications of machine learning (ML) algorithms for decision-making broaden and diversify, traditional ML methods by minimizing an unconstrained or simply constrained convex objective are becoming increasingly unsatisfactory. To address this new challenge, recent ML research has sparked a paradigm shift in learning predictive models into non-convex learning and heavily constrained learning. Non-Convex Learning (NCL) refers to a family of learning methods that involve optimizing non-convex objectives. Heavily Constrained Learning (HCL) refers to a family of learning methods that involve constraints that are much more complicated than a simple norm constraint (e.g., data-dependent functional constraints, non-convex constraints), as in conventional learning. This paradigm shift has already created many promising outcomes: (i) non-convex deep learning has brought breakthroughs for learning representations from large-scale structured data (e.g., images, speech) (LeCun, Bengio, & Hinton, 2015; Krizhevsky, Sutskever, & Hinton, 2012; Amodei et al., 2016; Deng & Liu, 2018); (ii) non-convex regularizers (e.g., for enforcing sparsity or low-rank) could be more effective than their convex counterparts for learning high-dimensional structured models (C.-H. Zhang & Zhang, 2012; J. Fan & Li, 2001; C.-H. Zhang, 2010; T. Zhang, 2010); (iii) constrained learning is being used to learn predictive models that satisfy various constraints to respect social norms (e.g., fairness) (B. E. Woodworth, Gunasekar, Ohannessian, & Srebro, 2017; Hardt, Price, Srebro, et al., 2016; Zafar, Valera, Gomez Rodriguez, & Gummadi, 2017; A. Agarwal, Beygelzimer, Dudik, Langford, & Wallach, 2018), to improve the interpretability (Gupta et al., 2016; Canini, Cotter, Gupta, Fard, & Pfeifer, 2016; You, Ding, Canini, Pfeifer, & Gupta, 2017), to enhance the robustness (Globerson & Roweis, 2006a; Sra, Nowozin, & Wright, 2011; T. Yang, Mahdavi, Jin, Zhang, & Zhou, 2012), etc. In spite of great promises brought by these new learning paradigms, they also bring emerging challenges to the design of computationally efficient algorithms for big data and the analysis of their statistical properties.
Development of the corticosterone stress response differs among passerine species

Abstract Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones which increase dramatically in response to a physical or perceived stressor. However, developing young of altricial species typically have a damped glucocorticoid stress response. The developmental hypothesis posits that the physiological stress response should develop concurrently with an individual’s ability to respond to a challenge. The dampened response may benefit an organism, as chronic exposure to glucocorticoids can have short- and long-term detrimental effects, and altricial young are unable to escape most stressors. However, we do not know if or why species with similar ontogeny vary in their development of the physiological stress response. We assessed levels of baseline and stress-induced corticosterone (the main avian glucocorticoid) in six passerine species with varying life-history strategies, including a brood parasite, the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). Circulating baseline corticosterone levels increased with nestling age for all species. Stress-induced corticosterone levels sampled at 15-min post-capture significantly increased with nestling age at a similar rate and magnitude in brown-headed cowbirds, eastern phoebes (Sayornis phoebe), hooded warblers (Setophaga citrina), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), and song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). However, gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) nestlings showed an extremely dampened elevation in corticosterone in response to stress, even near fledge. Gray catbirds are unusual among songbirds, as they are open-ended song learners. Stress during development can profoundly influence avian song learning and performance abilities. However, further study is necessary to determine if there is a relationship between nestling adrenocortical activity and open- versus closed-ended song learning.
Rendezvous transgastric and percutaneous sinus tract endoscopy (STE) for debridement of necrotic collections with deep retroperitoneal extension: a case series (with video): Meeting presentations: Digestive Disease Week 2018.

Background and study aims Infected necrotic collections extending deep into the retroperitoneum may not be amenable solely to endoscopic necrosectomy. Rendezvous transgastric and percutaneous sinus tract endoscopic necrosectomy was conceived to maximize debridement and obviate the need for open necrosectomy or video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement. Patients and methods Patients who underwent simultaneous rendezvous transgastric and sinus tract endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy at the same session were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic data, clinical outcomes, immediate and late complications were evaluated. Results Among 415 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, four patients (three males, median age 47 years) underwent this intervention after a median 29.5 days following placement of percutaneous drain. Intra-procedural bleeding following dilation of percutaneous tract required placement of esophageal stent for tamponade. No patients required rescue open necrosectomy or video assisted retroperitoneal debridement. Complete removal of percutaneous drains was accomplished in all patients after a median of 78.5 days. Conclusions Our novel approach is safe and effective and can expand the available armamentarium for management of large necrotic collection with deep retroperitoneal extension.
Prediction of outcomes after acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and is associated with negative long-term outcomes. Given the heterogeneity of the syndrome, the ability to predict outcomes of AKI may be beneficial towards effectively using resources and personalising AKI care. This systematic review will identify, describe and assess current models in the literature for the prediction of outcomes in hospitalised patients with AKI. Methods and analysis Relevant literature from a comprehensive search across six databases will be imported into Covidence. Abstract screening and full-text review will be conducted independently by two team members, and any conflicts will be resolved by a third member. Studies to be included are cohort studies and randomised controlled trials with at least 100 subjects, adult hospitalised patients, with AKI. Only those studies evaluating multivariable predictive models reporting a statistical measure of accuracy (area under the receiver operating curve or C-statistic) and predicting resolution of AKI, progression of AKI, subsequent dialysis and mortality will be included. Data extraction will be performed independently by two team members, with a third reviewer available to resolve conflicts. Results will be reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Risk of bias will be assessed using Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool. Ethics and dissemination We are committed to open dissemination of our results through the registration of our systematic review on PROSPERO and future publication. We hope that our review provides a platform for future work in realm of using artificial intelligence to predict outcomes of common diseases. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019137274.
Pulmonary Complications and Their Management

SUMMARY Whether a patient receives anesthetic care in the office or the operating room, the possibility of pulmonary complications is always present. Understanding the pathophysiology of the common complications can help the oral and maxillofacial surgeon provide the most effective treatment should they occur and encourage the surgeon to implement preventive measures during treatment.
Tosta, Antonio Luciano de Andrade. Confluence Narratives: Ethnicity, History, and Nation-Making in the Americas. Bucknell UP, 2016.

In 1991, Earl Fitz published Rediscovering the New World: Inter-American Literature in a Comparative Context (U of Iowa P). Fitz presented this work as a necessarily partial foray into the emerging field of inter-American literature, calling it “an invitation to further study” (xiii). Antonio Luciano de Andrade Tosta’s Confluence Narratives: Ethnicity, History, and Nation-Making in the Americas represents a response to this invitation and offers another approach to this field of study.
Nano encapsulated novel compound SA-10 with therapeutic activity in both acute and chronic murine hindlimb ischemia models.

Abstract The production dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in ischemic tissues results in endothelial dysfunction, hyperinflammation and poor blood circulation. Here, we report a hybrid molecule, SA-10 with both NO donating and ROS scavenging abilities that demonstrated potent cytoprotection and tube formation activity in endothelial cells under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. SA-10 loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (SA-10 NPs) were delivered intramuscularly (IM) to two murine hindlimb ischemia models. In the acute mode ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the muscle damage, hyperinflammation, and lung edema were significantly reduced 3 days post-dose while in the chronic ischemia model, significant improvement of blood perfusion and physical endurance was observed over 30 days (P
External Financing Risks: How Important is the Composition of the International Investment Position?

Building on the vast literature, this paper focuses on the role of the structure of the international investment position (IIP) in affecting countries' external vulnerabilities. Using a sample of 73 advanced and emerging economies and new database on the IIP's currency composition, we find that the size and structure of external liabilities and assets, especially with regards to currency denomination, matter in understanding balance-of-payments pressures. Specifically, and beyond the standard macroeconomic factors highlighted in other studies, higher levels of gross external debt increase the likelihood of an external crisis, while higher levels of foreign-currency-denominated external debt increase the likelihood of sudden stops. Foreign reserve assets play a mitigating role, although with diminishing returns, and the combination of flow and stock imbalances amplifies external risks, especially during periods of heightened global risk aversion. The results are especially strong for emerging economies, where the impact of flow and stock imbalances and foreign currency mismatches are larger and more robust across specifications.