cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Childhood Abuse and Problematic Alcohol Use in College Females: The Role of Self-compassion

A history of childhood abuse has been consistently linked to heightened risk for subsequent difficulties across the lifespan, including problematic alcohol use and adolescent sexual assault (ASA). Researchers have begun to explore the added role of a lack of self-compassion in the pathway from childhood abuse to later alcohol-related problems. The present study sought to further examine these relationships in a sample at risk for problematic alcohol consumption, undergraduate females (N = 667). It was hypothesized that a history of three forms of childhood abuse (i.e., sexual, emotional, and physical) would directly predict subsequent alcohol problems, as well as indirectly via a history of ASA and low levels of self-compassion. Using path analysis, we found that a history of childhood sexual abuse (B = .24, z = 2.17, p < .05) and childhood physical abuse (B = .16, z = 3.50, p < .05), directly predicted later alcohol problems, whereas a history of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) was indirectly related to ...
High-repetition-rate far-infrared p-Ge laser

Summary form only given. FIR/sub-mm laser emission (70 to 250 micron) from p-Ge in E /spl perp/ B fields is enhanced when Voigt configuration is used. We recently demonstrated that permanent magnets provide an easier realization of the Voigt configuration than do the traditional superconducting solenoids. We report here an additional advantage resulting from the relatively open permanent magnet architecture. Large Cu blocks can be pressed in contact with two faces along the full 5-cm length of the Ge rod. These blocks serve simultaneously as electrodes for the high-power electric pulses and as heat sinks.
Sexual dimorphism in the pelves of African lorises.

The present study is the first describing sexual dimorphism in the pelves of prosimian primates. Various measurements and indices indicate that there is no significant sexual dimorphism in the pelves of African lorises (Perodicticus potto and Arctocebus calabarensis). The lack of even a moderate degree of sexual dimorphism can be interpreted as the result of a lack of marked sexual differences in body size and of absence of selective pressure for expansion of the birth canal, the latter due to the small size of the fetus at term in relation to the dimensions of the female pelvic inlet.
Robust Bayesian Credibility Using Semiparametric Models

In performing Bayesian analysis of insurance losses, one usually chooses a parametric conditional loss distribution for each risk and a parametric prior distribution to describe how the conditional distributions vary across the risks. Young (1997) applies techniques from nonparametric density estimation to estimate the prior and uses the estimated model to calculate the predictive mean of future claims given past claims. A shortcoming of this method is that, in estimating the prior, one assumes the average claim amount equals the conditional claim. In this paper, we consider a Glass of priors obtained by perturbing the one determined nonparametrically, as in Young (1997). We thereby reflect the uncertainty in the prior that arises from the randomness in the claim data. We, then, calculate intervals for the corresponding predictive means. We illustrate our method with data from Dannenburg et al. (1996) and compare the intervals of the predictive means with nonparametric confidence intervals.
Performance and nutrient utilization in purebred Spanish and Boer × Spanish and Kiko × Spanish genetic types of goats offered alfalfa hay with corn supplementation☆

Abstract A metabolism (Experiment 1; n = 18) and a pen feeding (Experiment 2; n = 24) study were conducted to determine dry matter intake (DMI); in vivo dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility, N use, and performance of three genetic types of meat goats offered high forage diets. In both experiments, 7 mo old castrate male goat kids, equally representing the F 1 Boer × Spanish (BoerX; avg wt 21 kg), Kiko × Spanish (KikoX; avg wt 26 kg) and Spanish (avg wt 20 kg) genetic types, were offered chopped alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) hay with an 80% corn ( Zea mays L.)-18% soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal supplement. In Exp. 1, goats were offered alfalfa hay plus supplement at 0.5% BW. Total DMI hay intake among the three breed types was variable, but was higher ( P = 0.05) for KikoX compared to Spanish; BoerX was intermediate. Apparent in vivo digestibility coefficients for DM, OM, N, NDF, and ADF were not different ( P > 0.10). Blood glucose concentrations were similar for Spanish and KikoX (mean 70.3 mg/dl), but both were higher ( P P P > 0.10) among breeds (93 g/d). More research is needed that evaluates forage-supplement interactions, metabolic differences, and physiological changes among meat goats in order to optimize nutrient-use efficiency and performance.
Bayesian Monitoring of Clinical Trials with Failure‐Time Endpoints

This article presents an aid for monitoring clinical trials with failure-time endpoints based on the Bayesian nonparametric analyses of the data. The posterior distribution is a mixture of Dirichlet processes in the presence of censoring if one assumes a Dirichlet process prior for the survival distribution. Using Gibbs sampling, one can generate random samples from the posterior distribution. With samples from the posterior distributions of treatment-specific survival curves, one can evaluate the current evidence in favor of stopping or continuing the trial based on summary statistics of these survival curves. Because the method is nonparametric, it can easily be used, for example, in situations where hazards cross or are suspected to cross and where relevant clinical decisions might be based on estimating when the integral between the curves might be expected to become positive and in favor of the new but toxic therapy. An example based on an actual trial illustrates the method.
Impact of a native predatory whelk on cultivated oysters (Crassostrea gigas) crops in San Quintin Bay, Mexico

San Quintin Bay (Baja, California, Mexico) is extensively utilized by artisanal farmers to cultivate Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) using a rope/rack system. A large juvenile oyster mortality event was significantly correlated with the presence of native predatory whelks, Macron trochlea. Surveys, field and lab experiments were performed to identify the predatory behaviour of the whelk, determine factors affecting oyster mortality, and quantify the impact on oyster farmers. Macron trochlea was found to be a voracious, active predator, which can consume ∼4 juvenile oysters day−1. Juvenile oysters suffer significantly higher mortality in the presence of whelks. Macron trochlea has the largest impact on small oysters. Once oysters grow to >30 mm they reach a size refuge above which there is much lower mortality. At average growth rates, an oyster can escape predation after ∼3 months. But, in areas of highest whelk densities, at average predation rates, whelks could consume the standing crop of juvenile oysters in approximately 43 days. For the artisanal oyster farmers of San Quintin this represents a substantial economic loss, which was unaccounted for previously. Farmers can reduce loss to whelk predation by seeding juvenile oysters in low whelk density areas until oysters reach the size refuge.
Tigecycline: A new glycylcycline antimicrobial agent

Purpose. The pharmacology, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse events, dosage and administration, drug interactions, and place in therapy of tigecycline are reviewed. Summary. Tigecycline is the first of a new class of antimicrobials, the glycylcyclines, to receive approved labeling from the Food and Drug Administration. Similar to tetracyclines, glycylcyclines contain the central four-ring carbocyclic skeleton, with a substitution at the D-9 position. This substitution confers expanded broad-spectrum activity and defense against antimicrobial efflux pumps and ribosomal protection mechanisms. Tigecycline covers a broad spectrum of gram-positive (including resistant isolates), gram-negative (including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing organisms), and anaerobic pathogens. It does not exhibit activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species. Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in complicated skin and skin structure infections and intraabdominal infections. Tigecycline is administered intravenously and exhibits linear pharmacokinetics. The drug does not undergo extensive metabolism and works independently of the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme system and therefore does not affect medications metabolized by these enzymes. Tigecycline is administered as a 100-mg i.v. loading dose followed by 50 mg i.v. every 12 hours. Hepatic dosage adjustment is necessary for severe disease; however, no dosage adjustments are necessary for patients with renal impairment. Conclusion. Tigecycline is an alternative agent available for the treatment of resistant gram-negative and gram-positive infections, especially in patients with a history of a penicillin allergy or antimicrobial-related toxicities.
Cutting Edge: Attrition of Plasmodium-Specific Memory CD8 T Cells Results in Decreased Protection That Is Rescued by Booster Immunization

Sterile protection against infection with Plasmodium sporozoites requires high numbers of memory CD8 T cells. However, infections with unrelated pathogens, as may occur in areas endemic to malaria, can dramatically decrease pre-existing memory CD8 T cells. It remains unknown whether unrelated infections will compromise numbers of Plasmodium-specific memory CD8 T cells and thus limit the duration of antimalarial immunity generated by subunit vaccination. We show that P. berghei circumsporozoite-specific memory CD8 T cells underwent significant attrition in numbers in mice subjected to unrelated infections. Attrition was associated with preferential loss of effector memory CD8 T cells and reduced immunity to P. berghei sporozoite challenge. However, and of relevance to deployment of Plasmodium vaccines in areas endemic to malaria, attrition of memory CD8 T cells was reversed by booster immunization, which restored protection. These data suggest that regular booster immunizations may be required to sustain protective vaccine-induced Plasmodium-specific memory CD8 T cells in the face of attrition caused by unrelated infections.
Simulated annealing algorithms: an overview

A brief introduction is given to the actual mechanics of simulated annealing, and a simple example from an IC layout is used to illustrate how these ideas can be applied. The complexities and tradeoffs involved in attacking a realistically complex design problem are illustrated by dissecting two very different annealing algorithms for VLSI chip floorplanning. Several current research problems aimed at determining more precisely how and why annealing algorithms work are examined. Some philosophical issues raised by the introduction of annealing are discussed. >
The Isolation and Propagation of Dero digitata Infected with Aurantiactinomyxon Sp.

Techniques were devised to facilitate the collection, isolation, and propogation of the aquatic oligochete Dero digitata infected with actinosporeans for the purpose of studying the causative agent of proliferative gill disease (PCD). Pond mud containing the infected D. digitata was collected using a modified Ekman dredge. The mud was covered with pond water, transported to the laboratory, and aerated at 25 C until further processing. Worms were separated from the mud using an elutriator and screen. Worms were rinsed from the screen, the wash was examined using a dissecting microscope, and all D. digitata were removed. These worms were individually placed into 96 well plates. Wells were checked with a dissecting microscope at 24, 48, and 72 h for the presence of actinosporeans. Those positive worms were placed into petri dishes with sterile spring water and 3–4 grains of sterile wheat and held at 25 C. These techniques allowed large numbers of infected D. digitata to be collected and retained for a year for research purposes.
Tropical Sensitivity of a Coupled Model to Specified ISCCP Low Clouds

Abstract The seasonal cycle of SST observed in the eastern equatorial Pacific is poorly simulated by many ocean–atmosphere coupled GCMs. This deficiency may be partly due to an incorrect prediction of tropical marine stratocumulus (MSc). To explore this hypothesis, two basic multiyear simulations have been performed using a coupled GCM with seasonally varying solar radiation. The model’s cloud prediction scheme, which underpredicts tropical marine stratocumulus, is used for all clouds in the control run. In contrast, in the “ISCCP” run, the climatological monthly mean low cloud fraction is specified over the open ocean, utilizing C2 data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). In this manner, the treatment of MSc clouds, including the annual cycle, is more realistic than in previous sensitivity studies. Robust surface and subsurface thermodynamical and dynamical responses to the specified MSc are found in the Tropics, especially near the equator. In the annual mean, the equator...
On Nourishing the Curriculum with a Transnational Lagniappe

Transnational law remains in fashion among those who revise the curricula of U.S. law schools. Supplementing traditional domestic materials with studies of international, transnational, and comparative law is indeed a solution. But what is the problem? Pedagogical reform is an experiment, and no experiment can succeed without a plan followed by observation. Much of what passes for transnational legal education (especially in brochures and on websites) lacks seriousness. It is what denizens of New Orleans call a "lagniappe" - that is, a lightweight frill, devoid of intentionality and perceived consequences. The article acknowledges the appeal of a lagniappe, and also offers suggestions for curricular planners who seek to give their students heartier transnational fare.
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI): A Bibliography

This is an unannotated bibliography of writings through 2015 primarily about the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), but it also includes materials regarding the private mortgage insurance (PMI) industry. While it is comprehensive, it is not exhaustive, with a focus on work published by government agencies, economists, legal and policy scholars, private sector analysts and think tanks. The bibliography also includes other materials about the housing finance market in the early and mid-20th Century. These broader materials provide some context for the operations of the FHA and PMI. This bibliography will be posted on Wikipedia so that others can make additions to it. The text of this page and the attached downloadable document are available for modification and reuse under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License and the GNU Free Documentation License (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).
Embedded Algorithmic Noise-Tolerance for Signal Processing and Machine Learning Systems via Data Path Decomposition

Low overhead error-resiliency techniques such as algorithmic noise-tolerance (ANT) have been shown to be particularly effective for signal processing and machine learning kernels. However, the overhead of conventional ANT can be as large as 30% due to the use of explicit estimator block. To overcome this overhead, embedded ANT (E-ANT) is proposed [S. Zhang and N. Shanbhag, “Embedded error compensation for energy efficient DSP systems,” in Proc. GlobalSIP, Dec. 2014, pp. 30–34], where the estimator is embedded in the main computation block via data path decomposition (DPD). E-ANT reduces the logic overhead to be below 8% as compared with the 20%–30% associated with conventional reduced precision replica (RPR) ANT system while maintaining the same error compensation functionality. DPD was first proposed in our original paper [Zhang and Shanbhag, 2014] where its benefits were studied in the case of a simple multiply-accumulator (MAC) kernel. This paper builds upon [Zhang and Shanbhag, 2014] by 1) providing conditions for the existence of DPD, 2) demonstrating DPD for a variety of commonly employed kernels in signal processing and machine learning applications, and 3) evaluating the robustness improvement and energy savings of DPD at the system level for an SVM-based EEG seizure classification application. Simulation results in a commercial 45 nm CMOS process show that E-ANT can compensate for error rates up to 0.38 for errors in FE only, and 0.17 for errors in FE and CE, while maintain a true positive rate ${p}_{\rm tp} > 0.9$ and a false positive rate ${p}_{\rm fp}\leq 0.01$ . This represents a greater than 3-orders-of-magnitude improvement in error tolerance over the conventional system. This error tolerance is employed to reduce energy via the use of voltage overscaling (VOS). E-ANT is able to achieve 51% energy savings when errors are in FE only, and up to 43% savings when errors are in both FE and CE.
Renal action in acute nephritis

The clinical discussion of these cases will appear with the functional results in a later paper. In the series are six acute cases and two cases entering the hospital in an acute attack but giving a history of previous renal disease. The phenolsulphonphthalein excretion, the renal test day, the blood urea, the urea index and the chloride index were employed for the functional studies. The renal test day contributed little of value. Nocturnal polyuria was constant but quite independent of the kidneys'ability to concentrate. “Maximal impairment,” according to Mosenthal, occurred in two cases, one showing no other abnormalities of renal function, and the other with very moderate impairment, while a fatal case concentrated to 1.022. The balances of salt and nitrogen so frequently included in the performance of this test were not done because of the obvious unreliability of a twenty-four-hour experiment. Moreover, in view of its great dependence upon a factor so variable as the amount of water excreted, system...
Pediatric Positive Airway Pressure Adherence in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Enhanced by Family Member Positive Airway Pressure Usage.

Study Objectives:Adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains a challenge in children. We hypothesized that the presence of another family member on...
Investigation and Analysis of Relationship Between BMI and Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose of Muslim Groups in Gansu Province

Objective To understand the present situation of overweight and obesity in ethnic minority gathered crowd areas of Gansu province to probe into the relationship between body mass index(BMI) and blood pressure,blood sugar and the related risk factors to provide strategy for slow disease prevention.Method Select muslin populatien in Gansu province as research object to make laboratory and physical examination.Result Blood pressure,blood sugar abnormal rates in overweight and obese were higher than normal BMI group.Many factors Logistic regression analysis showed that age(40—,50—,60—),gender,high blood pressure,high blood glucose and obesity had close relationship(OR value were 2.262,1.509,1.327,0.701,1.399,1.172 respectively,P 0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obese muslin population above 40 years old in Gansu province was at high levels.Age,gender,high blood pressure,high blood glucose and obesity had close relationship.
Management of midline dural sinus malformations and review of the literature

Dural sinus malformations (DSMs) are rare pediatric vascular lesions that have variable presentations and outcomes. We present three cases of midline DSMs and discuss the treatment strategy employed for each lesion. A review of the literature was completed to summarize current literature and treatment practices. A retrospective review of the electronic medical record and all available imaging studies was performed for each of our patients. Patient 1 had a prenatally diagnosed DSM which decreased in size despite no intervention. She was born without complication and continues to do well at 15 months of age. Patient 2 presented 2 weeks after birth with cardiac failure, intracranial hemorrhage, and seizures and imaging showed a large midline DSM with multiple high-flow shunts. She required multiple endovascular embolizations with complete occlusion of the lesion. At her 3-year follow-up, she was neurologically normal. The third patient was diagnosed prenatally with an enlarging DSM. Multiple endovascular embolizations, surgical decompression, cranial expansion, and CSF diversion were required for treatment. At her 2.5-year follow-up, she was meeting developmental milestones, with some motor delay. Early diagnosis and treatment, if necessary, of DSMs are critical to prevent cardiac failure or parenchymal injury from chronic venous hypertension. Management should be decided on individual case basis depending on the angioarchitecture and progression of the lesion and can involve observation, endovascular embolization, surgical interventions, or a combination of treatments. A personalized approach to treating these variable lesions can be associated with good outcomes.
Identification of Virus Encoding MicroRNAs Using 454 FLX Sequencing Platform

MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Most large double-stranded DNA viruses, mainly the herpesvirus family, are known to express miRNAs. Viral miRNAs can regulate both viral- and cellular transcripts. By eliminating cloning steps for large number of Sanger sequencing reactions, recent development of massively parallel next-generation sequencing methods has accelerated identification of small RNA species expressed from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. The miRNAs expressed from infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), which is an alphaherpesvirus belonging to the herpesviridae family and which causes an acute respiratory disorder in chicken, were identified by small RNA enrichment and the 454 FLX sequencing method.
Infectious Diseases in Day-Care Centers: Transmission and Approaches to Prevention

Child day care is used increasingly by both single-parent and two-parent families. With the growth in numbers of children receiving day care outside the home comes a greater awareness of the potential for disease transmission. Epidemiologic patterns of spread of such diseases as Hemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis A, diarrheal diseases, and cytomegalovirus are changing with respect to attendance at a day-care center. Not only is this a problem for the staff and children who attend a center, but it also may be a public health concern as these diseases could spread to households and the community at large. This review will identify those transmissible infectious agents frequently found in children who attend day-care centers with an emphasis on approaches to prevention and methods for decreasing secondary spread.
The Association Between Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Health Status Following Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are commonly used in patients with cardiovascular disease. Although there is lack of evidence regarding the benefit of CAM on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, health-status benefits could justify CAM use. Hypothesis Adoption of mind-body CAM after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with improved health status, though other forms of CAM are not associated with health-status improvement. Methods Patients with AMI from 24 US sites were assessed for CAM use (categorized as mind-body, biological, and manipulative therapies) prior to and 1 year after AMI. Among patients who reported not using CAM prior to their AMI, association of initiating CAM on patients' health status at 1 year after AMI was assessed using Angina Frequency and Quality of Life domains from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and the Short Form-12 Physical and Mental Component scales. Multivariable regression helped examine association between use of different CAM therapies and health status. Results Among 1884 patients not using CAM at the time of their AMI, 33% reported initiating ≥1 forms of CAM therapy 1 year following AMI: 62% adopted mind-body therapies, 42% adopted biological therapies, and 15% began using manipulative therapies. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, we found no association between different types of CAM use and health-status improvement after AMI. Conclusions There was no association between CAM use and health-status recovery after AMI. Until randomized trials suggest otherwise, these findings underscore the importance of focusing on therapies with proven effectiveness after AMI.
Covenant Marriages: Increasing Commitment or Costs?

To combat growing divorce rates, some states have begun to offer covenant marriage contracts, which are more costly to enter and exit than traditional marriages. This paper explores how having this option changes couples’ relationship decisions. It utilizes marriage and divorce rate data from Arkansas, Arizona, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas between 1990 and 2013 to understand how covenants change the relationship decisions made by individuals. It provide the first documentation of the potential and observed effects of this new relationship status and evidence about whether or not this option is effective in its goal of creating stronger, happier unions.
Prenatal Stress and the Cortisol Awakening Response in African-American and Caucasian Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy.

Objectives Prior studies have shown significant racial disparities in psychosocial stressors for pregnant women. One physiological mechanism by which prenatal stress is expressed is via the stress-sensitive hormone cortisol, which itself differs by race. In this study, we examine differences in cortisol awakening response (CAR) for African-American and Caucasian pregnant women during late pregnancy, particularly whether racial disparities are evident after accounting for measures of psychosocial stress. Methods During their third trimester of pregnancy (32-40 weeks of gestation), we asked women to self-collect salivary samples at home over 2 days. We then measured salivary cortisol across the day for 30 pregnant women (18 Caucasian; 12 African-American) to examine the CAR by race and by multiple measures of self-reported psychosocial stress, including perceived discrimination. Results Although the women in our sample showed normative cortisol diurnal rhythms (high on waking, peak 30 min post-waking, lowest at bedtime), we found that African-American women had blunted (smaller) awakening responses compared to Caucasian women (p < 0.05). The CAR was significantly larger in Caucasian women compared to African-American women even after accounting for covariates in a multivariate equation. However, when we added measures of psychosocial stress to the multivariate equation, higher levels of stress were significantly associated with a smaller CAR (p < 0.05), and the association between maternal race and CAR was no longer significant. Conclusions Our results add to a growing body of evidence that racial differences in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are associated with psychosocial stress during pregnancy.
Stakeholders’ Views on Voluntary Human Capital Disclosures in Corporate Annual Reports of Top Bangladeshi and Indian Listed Companies:

Anchored in stakeholder theory, the study aimed at examining the extent of voluntary human capital disclosures in annual reports of top 20 Bangladeshi and Indian listed companies. In addition to qu...
Preanesthetic Assessment of the Drug Abuse Patient

Summary Drug addiction remains a major health hazard in our society, especially in urban areas. Drug combinations appear to be increasing as well. Toxicity has far-reaching effects on all organ systems, and the anesthesiologist caring for these patients must have an understanding not only of the adverse effects of illegal drugs but also the interactions that may occur with anesthetic agents so that appropriate adjustments may be made.
The performance of the online system of the PHENIX experiment in the RHIC run 5

PHENIX is one of two large experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Previously, the PHENIX experiment had completed a very successful run 4 in early 2004, where we had been able to quadruple the data rate that had been achieved before. Run 5 consisted of a heavy-ion part, where copper beams were accelerated, followed by a polarized proton-proton part. We were able to further expand the data rates to a maximum of about 600 MB/s. By fully commissioning the so-called multi-event buffering in the data acquisition front-end, we were able to decrease the deadtime of the data acquisition while at the same increasing the event rate that we could sustain. In addition, the handling of the data was more efficient, which led to a faster turnaround between data taking and the subsequent calibration and reconstruction steps. During the proton-proton part of run 5, we were able to overcome a serious problem with the available local computing resources at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Using Grid tools, we sent 270 TB of raw data to the PHENIX "CCJ" computing center in Japan, through the network
Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients with Translocation (6; 9).

Abstract Response and long term outcome to chemotherapy treatment in patient with AML may differ significantly depending on many factors identified at the time of diagnosis. Age, cytogenetics, and history of myelodysplasia are predictors of survival in patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. AML characterized by t (6;9) (p23; q34) - DEK/CAN fusion occurs only in 1–5% of AML cases. This translocation involves recurrent breakpoints in the DEK gene on chromosome 6p23 andin the CAN gene on chromosome 9q34. It predicts a poor outcome with chemotherapy alone and BMT is usually recommended as a result. However, the curative potential of BMT for t(6; 9) AML patients is unknown. We reviewed our experience treating AML with BMT. Five patients with t (6; 9) AML and one with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) underwent BMT following induction chemotherapy. The prep regimen was Busulfan/Cyclophosphamide in all but one patients and standard GVHD prophylaxis was used. No patient received a T-Cell depleted graft. The median follow up of survivors was 24 months (9–38 months). Our small series provides intriguing data suggesting the potential for cure of patients with AML and t (6; 9). While our data requires confirmation in a larger series of patients, our results provide a rationale to recommend BMT to these high risk patient with AML. Table 1: . Characteristics Pt. # Dx Date Age BMT Remission tatus GVHD Relapse A/D Months 1 10/04 37 MSD 6/05 CR1 Yes No A +34 2 06/04 36 MUD 10/06 CR2 NO No A +38 3 03/06 50 MUD 7/06 CR1 NO Yes D +13 4 09/05 20 MUD 12/05 CR1 NO No A +24 5 11/06 39 MSD 2/07 CR1 Yes No A +9 6 10/06 41 MSD 2/07 Refractory No No A +10 (Pt. #) Patient number, (Dx) Diagnosis, (BMT) bone marrow transplant date, (GVHD) graft versus host disease, (A/D) Alive/Dead from initial diagnosis, (CR) Complete remission, Matched unrelated donor, and (MSD) Matched sibling donor
Isotopic effects in the fusion of Ca 40 with Ca 4 0 , 4 4 , 4 8

Excitation functions for fusion of $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$+$^{40,44,48}\mathrm{Ca}$ have been measured over a range of energies from below to well above the classical fusion barrier. Strong isotopic effects are observed in both the sub- and above-barrier cross sections, which are qualitatively consistent with suggestions of the importance of transfer reactions in the fusion process.
Linking pharmacists to the delivery of public health services.

Abstract Objective To describe components fundamental to the process of linking pharmacy to the delivery of public health services in a sustainable way. Summary Pharmacists deliver public health services with varying frequency. A literature review was conducted to create a set of fundamental links necessary for pharmacists to deliver public health services in a sustainable way. The service needed to be in alignment with public health priorities, be incorporated in the pharmacy curriculum, have postgraduate training opportunities, have a policy or legal platform supporting the service, and have a business model for financial sustainability. Immunization delivery was identified as an exemplary public health service delivered by pharmacists. Additional services evaluated were tobacco cessation counseling, transitions of care, hypertension screening, and substance abuse counseling. Conclusion Pharmacists are well positioned to provide public health services. Although pharmacists can offer these services, their delivery is variable because of unclearly defined links in the process necessary for their implementation. This article identifies actionable steps to establish sustainable methods for community pharmacists to deliver public health services.
Cardiac Scan: A Non-contact and Continuous Heart-based User Authentication System

Continuous authentication is of great importance to maintain the security level of a system throughout the login session. The goal of this work is to investigate a trustworthy, continuous, and non-contact user authentication approach based on a heart-related biometric that works in a daily-life environment. To this end, we present a novel, continuous authentication system, namely Cardiac Scan, based on geometric and non-volitional features of the cardiac motion. Cardiac motion is an automatic heart deformation caused by self-excitement of the cardiac muscle, which is unique to each user and is difficult (if not impossible) to counterfeit. Cardiac Scan features intrinsic liveness detection, unobtrusiveness, cost-effectiveness, and high usability. We prototype a remote, high-resolution cardiac motion sensing system based on the smart DC-coupled continuous-wave radar. Fiducial-based invariant identity descriptors of cardiac motion are extracted after the radar signal demodulation. We conduct a pilot study with 78 subjects to evaluate Cardiac Scan in accuracy, authentication time, permanence, evaluation in complex conditions, and vulnerability. Specifically, Cardiac Scan achieves 98.61% balanced accuracy (BAC) and 4.42% equal error rate (EER) in a real-world setup. We demonstrate that Cardiac Scan is a robust and usable continuous authentication system.
Changes in blood volume indicators and dynamic indicators measured with transpulmonary ultrasound velocity during blood depletion and repletion in a neonatal swine model.

Background Dynamic indicators such as pulse pressure and stroke volume variations can be measured to track changes in preload during hemorrhage, and evaluate fluid therapy. However, these dynamic indicators require mechanical ventilation, and might be affected by cardiac dysrhythmias and changes in vascular tone. Blood volume indicators may offer alternatives for assessing changes in volume status. Aims The aims of this study were to measure changes in blood volume indicators and dynamic indicators during removal of blood in two stages and subsequent blood replacement in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, neonatal pigs. Methods In eight anesthetized, mechanically ventilated piglets (5-6 weeks old), cardiac index, stroke volume index, total end-diastolic volume, central blood volume, active circulating volume, pulse pressure variation, and stroke volume variation were measured during blood removal in two stages (15 mL kg-1 each stage) and blood replacement (30 mL kg-1 ). Values after each intervention were measured for each parameter. Results All indicators differed from baseline after removal of 15 mL kg-1 of blood, except for stroke volume variation. Differences between both stages of hemorrhage were only observed for indexed stroke volume, total end-diastolic volume, central blood volume, and pulse pressure variation. Conclusion Total end-diastolic volume and central blood volume changed during blood depletion and repletion, and differed between stages of hemorrhage. These indicators might be useful for assessing volume status instead of, or in addition to cardiac index and dynamic indicators.
Audience Research in the Post-Audience Age: An Introduction to Barker and Morley

This article considers the contributions that Martin Barker and David Morley have made to the ongoing debate about the future of audience research in communications. Considering their positions on theory and method in the field, the article concludes that audience research in the future must incorporate a variety of different methodological perspectives. The article also notes the increasingly political nature of questions posed in the field of audience research and our necessity as researchers to acknowledge the political dimension of our field. The author would like to thank Tamar Liebes for her discussion of these papers.
Admissibility and Mahloness in L (ℝ)

Our purpose here is to present some recent results about the structural theory of L(ℝ) assuming the axiom of determinacy. We will focus our attention “high-up” in the L(ℝ) hierarchy, in a sense to be made precise momentarily. In particular, we will be considering cardinals k corresponding to highly closed pointclasses. We will therefore be far beyond the projective sets. The results presented here will appear shortly in [2] with complete proofs. We will therefore omit some proofs or merely sketch an outline, although we provide enough details in the case of our main result (Theorem 1) so that the reader may reconstruct the proof.
Computing Phonon Dispersion using Fast Zero-Point Correlations of Conjugate Variables

Time correlations of dynamic variables in the reciprocal space offer a rich theoretical setting for computing the phonon dispersion curves, particularly for systems with marked anharmonic interactions. Present techniques primarily rely either on the equipartition of energy between the phonon modes or on the oscillation of the time correlation of the normal mode projections. The former can lead to numerical errors due to deviation from equipartition while the latter usually requires long simulations for computing the time correlations. We investigate a different approach using the ratio of the normal mode expectation value of two conjugate variables – velocity and acceleration. Since only the correlations at the initial time (t=0) are needed, this approach is computationally attractive. In this work, we employ this method to extract the full Brillouin zone phonon dispersion for graphene.
Effect of simulated intraoral variables on the accuracy of a photogrammetric imaging technique for complete-arch implant prostheses.

Abstract Statement of problem Conventional impression techniques to obtain a definitive cast for a complete-arch implant-supported prosthesis are technique-sensitive and time-consuming. Direct optical recording with a camera could offer an alternative to conventional impression making. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to test a novel intraoral image capture protocol to obtain 3-dimensional (3D) implant spatial measurement data under simulated oral conditions of vertical opening and lip retraction. Material and methods A mannequin was assembled simulating the intraoral conditions of a patient having an edentulous mandible with 5 interforaminal implants. Simulated mouth openings with 2 interincisal openings (35 mm and 55 mm) and 3 lip retractions (55 mm, 75 mm, and 85 mm) were evaluated to record the implant positions. The 3D spatial orientations of implant replicas embedded in the reference model were measured using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) (control). Five definitive casts were made with a splinted conventional impression technique of the reference model. The positions of the implant replicas for each of the 5 casts were measured with a Nobel Procera Scanner (conventional digital method). For the prototype, optical targets were secured to the implant replicas, and 3 sets of 12 images each were recorded for the photogrammetric process of 6 groups of retractions and openings using a digital camera and a standardized image capture protocol. Dimensional data were imported into photogrammetry software (photogrammetry method). The calculated and/or measured precision and accuracy of the implant positions in 3D space for the 6 groups were compared with 1-way ANOVA with an F-test (α=.05). Results The precision (standard error [SE] of measurement) for CMM was 3.9 μm (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7 to 7.1 μm). For the conventional impression method, the SE of measurement was 17.2 μm (95% CI 10.3 to 49.4 μm). For photogrammetry, a grand mean was calculated for groups MinR-AvgO, MinR-MaxO, AvgR-AvgO, and MaxR-AvgO obtaining a value of 26.8 μm (95% CI 18.1 to 51.4 μm). The overall linear measurement error for accurately locating the top center points (TCP) followed a similar pattern as for precision. CMM (coordinate measurement machine) measurement represents the nonclinical gold standard, with an average error TCP distance of 4.6 μm (95% CI 3.5 to 6 μm). All photogrammetry groups presented an accuracy that ranged from 63 μm (SD 17.6) to 47 μm (SD 9.2). The grand mean of accuracy was calculated as 55.2 μm (95% CI 8.8 to 130.8 μm). Conclusions The CMM group (control) demonstrated the highest levels of accuracy and precision. Most of the groups with the photogrammetric method were statistically similar to the conventional group except for groups AvgR-MaxO and MaxR-MaxO, which represented maximum opening with average retraction and maximum opening with maximum retraction.
Summary: The Past, Present, and Future of California Chaparral

Chaparral ecosystems have covered expansive swaths of low- and mid-elevation California for millions of years. Like the world’s four other Mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions, the California landscape is biologically diverse, with plentiful resources. Consequently, when human immigrants arrived from Asia in the late Pleistocene they found ample sustenance to support their needs and in turn, learned to manage these ecosystems and leave their own mark on the landscape (see Chaps. 1–3). By the time of the arrival of Europeans in California in the late eighteenth century, Native American populations near the coast were perhaps the largest of any indigenous peoples in North America. Native American management of chaparral habitats was extensive and locally intensive, and the variegated landscape that Spanish explorers and missionaries encountered near the coast and at lower elevations was largely the product of indigenous management, with fire being the central management tool (see Chap. 4).
Olfactory Use in Food-Location at Sea by Tubenosed Pelagic Birds

For at least the last hundred years, conjecture has existed that procellariiform birds (albatrosses, fulmars, shearwaters, and petrels) might use olfaction in locating food and in return to their nesting sites. Anatomical studies showed that the olfactory mucosa is comparatively more extensive in tubenosed birds. Measurements have shown that they have larger olfactory bulb/cerebral hemisphere ratios than most other birds for which measurements are available. Our controlled experiments conducted in the Pacific Ocean consistently support the conclusion that procellariiforms detect and are attracted by food-related odors. Fish oils, squid homogenate, vegetable oil, bacon grease, mineral oil, and motor oil were the odor stimuli. These stimuli were presented as surface slicks, slicks in clear plastic enclosures floating on the ocean, and saturated wicks on free-floating rafts. Significantly greater proportions of procellariiforms than nonprocellariiforms (gulls, terns, pelicans, etc.) were sighted within 10 meters of fish oils, squid homogenate, vegetable oil or bacon fat and they approached from downwind significantly more often. Only procellariiforms regularly landed and fed on slicks of edible oils. Neither the plastic enclosure nor the wick attracted procellariiforms unless baited with food-related stimuli. Small volumes of major complex fractions of tuna oil prepared from gas chromatography were presented in hexane via the saturated wick method and were found as effective in attracting procellariiforms from downwind as the unrefined substances. Sea water, a dry wick, and hexane served as control conditions. A behavior pattern unique to procellariiforms, which we termed foraging flight, was characteristic of these bird’s approaches to sources of food-related odors. In conjunction with the pxperimental results, the foraging flight patterns was indicated as a behavioral manifestation of the ability to follow an air-borne odor to its source. When puffed cereal was presented, with or without oily slicks, nonprocellariiforms approached from all directions in significantly greater proportions than when cereal was absent. With cereal alone, they were significantly more numerous than procellariiforms.
Necrotizing acute pancreatitis induced by Salmonella typhimurium.

Salmonella is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacillus. It may present with gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteremia, or as an asymptomatic carrier state. Typhoid fever is most commonly caused by S. typhi and S. paratyphi. Enteric fever is more common in developing countries and is rarely seen indigenously in the United States. It is transmitted via fecal–oral contamination of water and food and is characterized by prolonged fevers, abdominal pain, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, rose spots, and splenomegaly. Nontyphus Salmonella (S enteritidis and S typhimurium most commonly) account for about 2.3% of gastroenteritis cases in the United States, or 2–4 million cases annually. They are most often associated with poultry and eggs and may also be seen with meat and dairy products. The spectrum of disease of nontyphus Salmonella ranges from mild to choleralike. Fever, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, or chills may also be present. The disease is seen as a complication of other diseases such as AIDS, cirrhosis, diabetes, malaria, and sickle cell anemia. Unusual manifestations include osteomyelitis, aneurysms, meningitis, and appendicitis. Salmonella pancreatitis is a rare entity that has also been reported. Here we describe a case of an even rarer association of S. typhimurium causing a necrotizing pancreatitis.
Open Governments and Their Cultural Transitions

This chapter explores, through the lenses of social theory, the interaction between Internet culture (the culture of openness) and the bureaucratic culture of secrecy. After a theoretical and conceptual discussion around the meaning of Internet culture, the chapter uses the case study of the “Open Government” policy of the Obama administration to explore its central research questions: Is the cultural code “openness/closeness” penetrating the core of the bureaucratic culture?