cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: a review

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the prevention and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. Until recently, clinically approved indications have been restricted to actinic keratoses, nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma, and, since 2006, Bowen disease. However, the range of indications has been expanding continuously. PDT is also used for the treatment of non-malignant conditions such as acne vulgaris and leishmaniasis, as well as for treating premature skin aging due to sun exposure. The production of reactive oxygen intermediates like singlet oxygen depends on the light dose applied as well as the concentration and localization of the photosensitizer in the diseased tissue. Either cytotoxic effects resulting in tumor destruction or immunomodulatory effects improving inflammatory skin conditions are induced. Treating superficial non-melanoma skin cancer, PDT has been shown to be highly efficient, despite the low level of invasiveness. The excellent cosmetic results after treatment are beneficial, too.
High-resolution spectra of the 1(1,1) ← 0(0,0) rotational transition of water in argon and krypton matrices

Abstract The high-resolution spectra of H 2 16 O, H 2 18 O, HD 16 O, HD 18 O, D 2 16 O, and D 2 18 O isolated in argon and krypton matrices are reported in the 10–60 cm −1 region. The high resolution is obtained by observing very dilute mixtures of water in the rare gases. No discrete absorbances attributable to pure argon or krypton are found in this region. In all cases the relative gas—matrix shifts of the isotopimers are consistent with the rotation—translation coupling model. The linewidths are found to correlate with rotation—translation coupling. The integrated intensity of the 1(1,1) — 0(0,0) transition of HDO exhibits a temperature dependence which does not deviate significantly from that expected from a Boltzmann distribution in rigid rotor energy levels.
An ISEE/Whistler model of equatorial electron density in the magnetosphere

Attention is given to an empirical model of equatorial electron density in the magnetosphere covering the L range 2.25-8. Although the model is primarily intended for application to the local time interval 00-15 MLT, a way to extend the model to the 15-24-MLT period is presented. The model describes, in piecewise fashion, the 'saturated' plasmasphere, the region of steep plasmapause gradients, and the plasma trough. Within the plasmasphere the model profile can be expressed as logne - Sigma-xi, where x1 = -0.3145L + 3.9043 is the principal or 'reference' term, and additional terms account for: a solar cycle variation with a peak at solar maximum; an annual variation with a December maximum; and a semiannual variation with equinoctial maxima.
Fine structure splitting in the optical spectra of single GaAs quantum dots.

We report a photoluminescence study of excitons localized by interface fluctuations in a narrow GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. This type of structure provides a valuable system for the optical study of quantum dots. By reducing the area of the sample studied down to the optical near-field regime, only a few dots are probed. With resonant excitation we measure the excited-state spectra of single quantum dots. Many of the spectral lines are linearly polarized with a fine structure splitting of 20--50 \ensuremath{\mu}eV. These optical properties are consistent with the characteristic asymmetry of the interface fluctuations.
Subinertial response of the Gulf Stream system to Hurricane Fran of 1996

The evidence of subinertial-frequency (with peri- ods from 2 days to 2 weeks) oceanic response to Hurricane Fran of 1996 is documented. Hurricane Fran traveled northward across the Gulf Stream and then over a cool-core trough, known as the Charleston Trough, due. east of Charleston, SC and in the lee of the Charleston Bump during the period 4-5 September, 1996. During the passage of the storm, the trough closed into a gyre to form an intense cool- core cyclonic eddy. This cool-core eddy had an initial size of approximately 130 km by 170 km and drifted northeastward along the Gulf Stream front at a speed of 13 to 15 krn/day as a subinertial baroclinic wave. Superimposed on this subinertial-frequency wave were near-inertial frequency, internal inertia-gravity waves formed in the stratified mixed- layer base after the passage of the storm. The results from a three-dimensional numerical ocean model confirm the existence of both near-inertial and subinertial-frequency waves in the Gulf Stream system during and after the passage of Hurricane Fran. Model results also showed that hurricane-
A Simple Technique for Securing Data at Rest Stored in a Computing Cloud

"Cloud Computing" offers many potential benefits, including cost savings, the ability to deploy applications and services quickly, and the ease of scaling those application and services once they are deployed. A key barrier for enterprise adoption is the confidentiality of data stored on Cloud Computing Infrastructure. Our simple technique implemented with Open Source software solves this problem by using public key encryption to render stored data at rest unreadable by unauthorized personnel, including system administrators of the cloud computing service on which the data is stored. We validate our approach on a network measurement system implemented on PlanetLab. We then use it on a service where confidentiality is critical --- a scanning application that validates external firewall implementations.
Computational studies of neutron response function for a neutron spectrometer which uses Freon-12, -22, and -115 superheated liquids

Abstract A Fortran code based on Seitz's radiation-induced nucleation theory is written to study the characteristics of the energy-dependent neutron response function of thermal- and intermediate-energy neutron superheated-drop detectors (SDDs). Three SDD liquids are studied: Freon-12, -22, and -115. The characteristic curves are akin to those of a threshold detector. The program is run for an incident neutron energy range of 0.0253 eV–4.1 MeV at various temperatures (15–40°C) and pressures (0–5 atm) to produce a set of response function curves which enables the stripping of the neutron spectrum.
Telephone support by elderly volunteers to inner‐city children

This study describes the “Grandma Please” program, an after-school help line that uses elderly volunteers as telephone counselors for inner-city children. We analyzed phone records of 4,678 calls made to the “Grandma Please” program, and interviewed callers, noncallers, and volunteers of the phone line. Below we discuss four key areas that have not been previously examined in children's phone line literature. First, we found that inner-city children, especially older girls, benefitted from utilization of the program. Girls were more likely to call the phone line, more likely to discuss high levels of interpersonal and school problems, and more likely to receive support from the “Grandmas.” Second, we found high rates of children's positive events and accomplishments (i.e., uplifts) in the phone records. Children who report positive events and accomplishments and receive adult approval gain important, often overlooked, components of social support. Third, our interviewed sample of children who had never called “Grandma Please” indicated that a lack of information and not perceiving a need for assistance were prime reasons for not using the phone line. Fourth, we examined characteristics of the elderly volunteers who talked to the children. We found that volunteers were utilized regardless of health or financial status as they participated within their own homes. Elderly volunteers, including frail elderly, also rated the program highly and expressed their satisfaction and enjoyment in interacting with children. This study indicates that intergenerational, interracial telephone contact can provide support for two at-risk groups: inner-city children and the elderly. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nonlinear influence of effective lead angle in turning process stability

An analytical method for stability prediction incorporating the nonlinear influence of the effective lead angle in turning is proposed and validated. It is shown that as the effective lead angle changes, due to depth of cut variations on a nose radiused cutting insert, different structural modes are excited, resulting in different stability results. Experiments have been performed on a two degree-of-freedom system representative of the turning of long, slender bars. It is shown that chatter may be present at low depths of cut, typically less than the nose radius of the insert. The proposed model is also capable of predicting the chatter present at larger depths of cut that is typically reported in literature.
Pharmacotherapy during the end of life: caring for the actively dying patient.

DOI: 10.1097/NCI.0000000000000010 Jonathan G. Leung is Psychiatric Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Hospital Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 ( leung.jonathan@mayo.edu ). Sarah Nelson is Critical Care Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Hospital Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Megan Leloux is Psychiatric Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Hospital Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Distinguishing supplier reputation from trust in buyer–supplier relationships

Abstract We argue that a firm's reputation (i.e., central, enduring, and distinctive corporate associations held by individuals outside of an organization), although under-researched relative to trust, is more important than trust in impacting buyer–supplier relationships. Our conceptualization draws on theories and extant research related to transaction cost economics, information economics, and interfirm trust. The constructs of trust and reputation are distinguished and their relative impacts on relationship commitment and willingness to invest in the future of the relationship are examined. Suggestive empirical evidence is provided from a survey of industrial buyers, and implications and specific directions for future research are discussed.
Communication-constrained p-center problem for event coverage in theme parks

Wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks can be deployed for efficient handling of the events that may occur in a theme park. In such a case, the success of event handling depends on the positions of the mobile sinks and the selection of the most suitable sink to cover an event. While this problem can be solved by using the classical vertex p-center problem, such a solution does not guarantee connectivity among the mobile sinks. The connectivity among mobile sinks is crucial since they need to communicate to share information and perform collaborative event handling. In this paper, we introduce a new variant of vertex p-center problem which we name communication-constrained p-center problem. We propose an exact algorithm as a solution based on identifying connected subnets among the vertices. The performance of the proposed solution is validated through simulations with respect to other approaches as well as the unconstrained case.
An analysis of alternatives for computing axisymmetric element stiffness matrices

This note compares the use of numerical and closed form integration in computation of element stiffness matrices for axisymmetric finite element analysis. Only constant strain elements are considered. Results obtained with Gaussian quadrature and closed form integrators are compared mutually and with an exact solution obtained from classical methods. The FEM global equations estimate the force-displacement behaviour of an elastic continuum with an accuracy that depends on the integration method used. Selection of an integration order minimizing error is particularly critical in the presence of high stress gradients. Best results in the vicinity of the axis of revolution may be obtained with single-point integration rather than higher order approximations or exact integration of the element stiffness matrix. This phenomenon and its consequences are subsequently discussed.
Function of O-Glycans in Leukocyte Rolling on PSGL-1

In published data from Bernimoulin et al. (2003) it was shown that inclusion of the Core-2 O-glycan branching of PSGL-1 is required for effective L-selectin binding to PSGL-1. Recent data from our lab suggests that a form of PSGL-1 that lacks the Core-2 branching shows significant L-selectin binding to PSGL-1. This result suggests that another carbohydrate branching on PSGL-1 may be capable of providing some of the functionality of the Core-2 branching in the PSGL-1/L-selectin binding interaction. A Core-1 extension is known to exist, as described by Yeh et al. (2001), and when co-expressed with Core-2 in cells with PSGL-1 was shown to provide synergistic improvement of cell rolling over cells expressing Core-2 alone with PSGL-1. Therefore we investigated the possibility that the carbohydrate branching on the modified PSGL-1 might be a Core-1 extension. The transcripts of the cell line were examined for the presence of the Core-1 extension transcript. Cell rolling experiments were performed on E-selectin to confirm full FT7 expression on both Core-2 expressing and Core-2 negative PSGL-1 types. Our data suggests that a carbohydrate branching other than Core-2 on PSGL-1, possibly Core-1 extension, allows for adequate L-selectin binding to PSGL-1 and this form of PSGL-1 may be biologically significant for leukocyte homing and immune response.
Calcium-dependent Association of Calmodulin with the Rubella Virus Nonstructural Protease Domain

The rubella virus (RUBV) nonstructural (NS) protease domain, a Ca 2 - and Zn 2 -binding papain-like cysteine protease domain within the nonstructural replicase polyprotein precursor, is responsible for the self-cleavage of the precursor into two mature products, P150 and P90, that compose the replication complex that mediates viral RNA replication; the NS protease resides at the C terminus of P150. Here we report the Ca 2 dependent, stoichiometric association of calmodulin (CaM) with the RUBV NS protease. Co-immunoprecipitation and pulldown assays coupled with site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that both the P150 protein and a 110-residue minidomain within NS protease interacted directly with Ca 2 /CaM. The specific interaction was mapped to a putative CaM-binding domain. A 32-mer peptide (residues 1152–1183, denoted as RUBpep) containing the putative CaM-binding domain was used to investigate the association of RUBV NS protease with CaM or its N- and C-terminal subdomains. We found that RUBpep bound to Ca 2 /CaM with a dissociation constant of 100 –300 nM. The C-terminal subdomain of CaM preferentially bound to RUBpep with an affinity 12.5-fold stronger than the N-terminal subdomain. Fluorescence, circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopic studies revealed a “wrapping around” mode of interaction between RUBpep and Ca 2 /CaM with substantially more helical structure in RUBpep and a global structural change in CaM upon complex formation. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we further demonstrated that association of CaM with the CaMbinding domain in the RUBV NS protease was necessary for NS protease activity and infectivity.
The acquisition of technical information by R&D managers for problem solving in nonroutine contingency situations

Explores the effects of nonroutine requirements and a high-pressure situation on the process of technological information acquisition by R&D managers for problem solving in R&D groups. A survey of R&D managers in 116 firms in four industries reveals that nonroutine requirements in a contingency situation do affect their technical information acquisition behavior. Firm size and the direction of past involvement with the nonroutine requirements appear to be particularly important determinants of the degree of change experienced in technological information acquisition. Information sources that are informal and which provide access to a wide variety of experience appear to be the most valuable sources in such situations.
Anterior Segment Ischemia after Three Rectus Muscle Surgery

Nine patients underwent simultaneous or staged detachment of the vertical and medial rectus muscles in the treatment of sixth nerve palsy or Duane's retraction syndrome. In five adult patients (34, 35, 41, 45, and 65 years of age), clinically significant anterior segment ischemia developed postoperatively. Known medical risk factors were present in only one case. With the exception of corectopia, there were no apparent sequelae and all involved eyes returned to preoperative visual acuity within 9 weeks of surgery. Anterior segment ischemia may be a frequent complication of strabismus surgery in adult patients when the superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles are detached from the globe.
Community healthcare delivery post-hurricane sandy: Lessons from a mobile health unit

In the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy the North Shore LIJ Health System (NS-LIJ HS) organized and launched its first mobile health unit (MHU) operation to some of New York’s hardest hit communities including Queens County and Long Island, NY. This document describes the initiation, operational strategies, outcomes and challenges of the NS-LIJ HS community relief effort using a MHU. The operation was divided into four phases: (1) community needs assessment, (2) MHU preparation, (3) staff recruitment and (4) program evaluation and feedback. From November 16th through March 21st, 2013 the Health System launched the MHU over 64 days serving 1,160 individuals with an age range of 3 months to 91 years. Vaccination requests were the most commonly encountered issue, and the most common complaint was upper respiratory illness. The MHU is an effective resource for delivering healthcare to displaced individuals in the aftermath of natural disaster. Future directions include the provision of psychosocial services, evaluating strategies for timely retreat of the unit and methods for effective transitions of care.
Anna Meyer and the distinction between grades and clades in early models of gastropod evolution

Abstract. Anna Meyer published her first (and apparently last) scientific paper in 1913, in which she reported, in part, on the organization of the renogenital systems in the “Diotocardia” and “Monotocardia,” and the evolutionary signal present in this character suite. Meyer’s phy- logeny broke with conventional wisdom of her time and she reconstructed early gastropod evolution as a sequence of branching events rather than a continuous grade. Her phylogeny was ignored because it did not correspond to the well-ordered grades that came to dominate gastropod systematics for over 75 years, but her schematics of renogenital configurations have been featured in the literature for over 55 years, sometimes without citation and redrawn to show a different set of relationships. We hope that the translation of her paper from German into English (http://www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/collections/archdut. html) will make her contribu- tion more accessible to workers. Additional
A study of C1s binding energies in some gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract The C1 s binding energies in gaseous naphthalene, biphenyl, anthracene and triphenylene have been measured using Al K α X-rays. The binding energy (BE) for the (four-ring) triphenylene system is 0.4 ± 0.1 eV lower than in benzene. Ab initio equivalent-core calculations on naphthalene reveal an alternating pattern of charge withdrawal around the ring structure following core ionization. These calculations also yield a 0.2 eV splitting between two types of carbon in naphthalene. C1 s BEs were found to correlate poorly with proton affinities for ring protonation.
Movement disorder, memory, psychiatric symptoms and serum DHEA levels in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients.

Objective: Reports of low levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or its sulphate (DHEA-S) in some schizophrenic patients and in some persons with poorer motoric and cognitive functioning led us to examine clinical correlates of serum DHEA and DHEA-S levels in schizophrenic patients.Method: Ratings of abnormal movements, memory and psychiatric symptoms in 17 medicated chronic schizophrenic or schizoaffective inpatients at a state hospital were correlated with serum DHEA and DHEA-S levels, and their ratios with serum cortisol.Results: Controlling for age, higher DHEA levels and/or higher DHEA/cortisol ratios were significantly correlated with lower symptom ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, better performance on some measures of memory, and lower ratings of parkin-sonian symptoms.Conclusion: Relatively low DHEA levels or DHEA/cortisol ratios may identify a particularly impaired subgroup of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia. Potential implications are discussed.
Surgical enucleation for the treatment of renal tumors.

Introduction: We analyzed our institutional experience with surgical enucleation for the primary treatment of small renal tumors. Materials and Methods: Patient demographics, histological features, effect of different types of vascular control and outcome from surgery were analyzed in 45 patients. A majority of the tumors (67%) were diagnosed incidentally. Results: All were stage T1, 77% were low grade (I–II) and 23% were high grade (III–IV). Complication occurred in 12% of patients. At a mean follow-up of 34 months (range 7–97), 28 of 33 patients (84%) with malignant tumors were alive without evidence of disease. One patient with a solitary kidney developed recurrent tumor after enucleation that required nephrectomy. Mean operative time was significantly lower with the compression technique versus direct vascular control (164 ± 12 min vs. 233 ± 15 min, p = 0.002). There were no differences in outcome between the two techniques. Conclusions: Surgical enucleation is a safe and viable procedure for the treatment of small renal tumors. Manual compression of the kidney appears to be at least as effective as clamping of the renal vessels in obtaining vascular control during the procedure and is more expeditious.
57Fe Mössbauer quadrupole splittings and isomer shifts in spin-crossover complexes: A density functional theory investigation

We report the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the 57Fe Mossbauer quadrupole splittings ΔEQ and isomer shifts δFe of both the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states of tw...
Considering organizations as a unique interpersonal context for deception detection: A meta‐analytic review

This article challenges current interpersonal deception literature by summarizing seven studies that examined the ability of members to detect deception in the context of organizational processes. The combined effect (r = .472) indicated that organizational members are able to differentiate honest from dishonest communicators. According to the Binomial Effect Size Display, observers correctly classified honest or dishonest communication in approximately three of four circumstances (73.6%). This finding is important for situations such as employment interviews or other circumstances when organizational members or constituents need to assess the accuracy of information provided by current or potential members. The theoretical implications for interpersonal and organizational deception research are discussed along with the practical ramifications of this study for employment interviewing, manager/employee communication, and retail sales.
Using sound for monitoring wireless sensor network behavior

To make any wireless sensor network robust, we must carefully evaluate its behavior. Here we present a monitoring tool that aims to make development of a sensor network application easier by using the auralization technique to portray its behavior. The human ability to discern different sounds makes it feasible to use these sounds in relation to different events in sensing and network communication.In particular, the discussion is focused on generating sounds of different dimensions, and mapping them to a range of events. Sound may be perceived as noise if the sound duration or events to be captured is inappropriate. The monitoring tool can be used for debugging, demonstrating, and profiling WSN, making it a suitable and cost-effective tool that researchers and other developers can use. For demonstration purposes, the tool has been implemented on time synchronization, and sensing and data propagation applications.
Limiting and rationing treatment in Paediatric & neonatal intensive care

In this chapter I consider the ethical decisions surrounding the provision and limitation of treatment offered to children requiring intensive care. I focus on the processes surrounding end of life decision making and consider how the concepts of futility, burden and uncertainty should impact upon these decisions. I also examine resource allocation to children's critical care services. The discussion does not provide a structure that will solve any given situation. It does take a practical approach to the issues faced by considering why we should engage in life limiting discussions; When they should occur; Who should be involved; How they should be carried out; and where and by what means withholding or withdrawal should occur. I have drawn the discussions closer to clinical practice with the intention of making them more useful, for those engaged in direct patient care, than those focused around philosophical principles.
Transfer of Lily Curl Stripe by a Leaf Union Method Applicable to Monocotyledonous Plants

CURL-STRIPE disease has seriously affected certain plantings of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. in Oregon and California. Control approaches have been uncertain because occurrence patterns and symptomology were equally indicative of nutritional imbalance or virus aetiology and because we had been unable to transmit the disease1. Early-season symptoms, central striping of young leaves due to retardation of plastid formation, followed by curling and twisting of leaves, are striking. Such symptoms may continue or, more usually, later formed foliage may be normal. Bulbs from such plants may or may not produce visibly diseased plants the following year. Such symptom variability is atypical of virus infections of bulb plants.
Cytochrome changes in control and concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes.

Abstract Cytochrome levels in control and concanavalin A-treated lymphocytes were quantitated using low-temperature spectroscopy (77 °K) and correlated with cell protein. Cytochrome ratios in uncultured lymphocytes of 1.00:0.28:1.86 were estimated from substrate-reduced spectra for cytochromes c , b , and aa 3 , respectively. Control samples in culture showed a significant 20-h increase and 36-h decrease in cytochromes b and aa 3 . These alterations are believed to be a consequence of isolation treatment and/or placement in a tissue culture environment. Concanavalin A-treated lymphocytes exhibited marked increases at 36 and 45 h in cytochrome b and dithionite-reduced cytochrome aa 3 . These increases occur after the 20 h required for commitment to mitogenesis and appear to represent synchronous synthesis correlated to the G 2 phase of the cell cycle. Both control and concanavalin A-treated cells exhibited significant changes in cytochrome b 5 . Mitochondrial involvement in mitogenesis is supported by evidence indicating that the mitogenic process as well as concanavalin A-induced cytochrome changes are inhibited by chloramphenicol. The changes observed in cytochrome b 5 are not significantly affected by chloramphenicol.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MYOFIBRIL AS REVEALED BY ANTIBODY-STAINING METHODS

From observations of fluorescent antibody staining and antibody staining in electron microscopy, evidence is presented for the following: (a) Direct contact of the actin and myosin filaments occurs at all stages of contraction. This results in inhibition of antibody staining of the H-meromyosin portion of the myosin molecule in the region of overlap of the thin and thick filaments. (b) Small structural changes occur in the thick filaments during contraction. This leads to exposure of antigenic sites of the L-meromyosin portion of the myosin molecule. The accessibility of these antigenic sites is dependent upon the sarcomere length. (c) The M line is composed of a protein which is weakly bound to the center of the thick filament and is not actin, myosin, or tropomyosin. (d) Tropomyosin as well as actin is present in the I band. (e) If actin or tropomyosin is present in the Z line, it is masked and unavailable for staining with antibody.
A comparative analysis of time-of-use electricity rate effects: The Arizona experiment

Abstract To date, analyses of the data from the Arizona time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing experiment have failed to find a significant relationship between electricity usage and electricity price. Results indicated that if the TOU rates had an effect on usage, the effect was virtually identical for each TOU rate. In this study, usage in 1976 under the TOU rates is compared to usage in 1975 under the existing (declining block) rate to determine whether or not there was an effect. It is found that peak period usage was reduced under TOU rates by 7–16% after adjusting for differences in weather between the two years. To a lesser extent, customers reduced their usage during the intermediate period and shifted some consumption to the base period. Total consumption appears to have decreased slightly. It is emphasized that these effects of the TOU rates cannot be discovered in demand analyses that do not utilize the baseline year data.
Amines in foods.

Amines represent a class of compounds which historically have been associated with fishery products and cheese; however, this review clearly demonstrates that their occurrence is widespread in our food supply. In addition, their formation pathways, methods of isolation and identification, and sensory properties are discussed.
Histologic evaluation of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. An evaluation of biopsy methods and diagnostic criteria.

Controversy exists regarding the appropriate method for biopsy confirmation of esophageal reflux injury. We have compared endoscopic pinch biopsy (PB) with endoscopicallly directed Rubin tube suction biopsy (SB) in 40 patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Utilizing a plastic tube attached alongside the endoscope, SB at specific sites in the esophagus can be easily obtained. Suction biopsy was rated superior to PB for adequacy of tissue, ability to make an interpretation, and certainty in diagnosis. These differences were most pronounced in patients with endoscopic grades 0 and 1+ esophagitis in which 59% of PBs were uninterpretable compared to 23% of SBs. The passage of the Rubin tube was easily done and could be performed repeatedly. Six of 40 patients (15%) developed substernal chest discomfort in the 24 hr following SB. We conclude that SB is the most appropriate way to evaluate histologic changes related to reflux injury and that this method is mandatory in symptomatic patients with minimal endoscopic evidence of esophagitis (0−1+).
Pathologic findings and outcomes of a minimally invasive approach to ovarian remnant syndrome.

Objective To review outcomes and pathologic findings of a primarily minimally invasive approach to ovarian remnant syndrome. Design Data were abstracted from medical records documenting bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and subsequent treatment between 1996 and 2006 for pathologically confirmed ovarian remnant tissue. Follow-up was by mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews. Setting Tertiary care academic medical institution. Patient(s) Twenty patients (mean age, 48 years) receiving treatment for ovarian remnant tissue after prior bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Intervention(s) Primarily minimally invasive approach (conventional laparoscopy and robot-assisted laparoscopy) for removal of ovarian remnant tissue. Main Outcome Measure(s) Postoperative complications and recurrence. Result(s) The 20 patients had a mean follow-up of 30 months. Indications were endometriosis in 8 and ovarian neoplasm in 6. Eighteen patients presented with pain, and 2 presented with a pelvic mass. Nineteen had laparoscopy (14 conventional; 5 robotic), and 1 had laparotomy. Remnant ovarian tissue was associated with endometriosis in 5 and corpus luteum in 3. Two patients had malignancy in remnant ovarian tissue. Postoperative complications included pneumonia (1 case). Follow-up identified no recurrence. Conclusion(s) Ovarian remnant syndrome can be managed safely and successfully with minimally invasive surgery. Risk of carcinoma mandates surgical resection.
Fibrinoligase-catalyzed cross-linking of myosin from platelet and skeletal muscle.

Abstract Fibrinoligase (thrombin- and calcium-activated Factor XIII) from human plasma catalyzes the incorporation of dansylcadaverine and [ 14 C]putrescine into myosin, prepared from either human platelets or rabbit skeletal muscle. At least 9 mol of amine is incorporated per mole of myosin of either type when the enzyme is used under saturating conditions. Both heavy and light chains of the platelet and muscle myosins incorporate dansylcadaverine and [ 14 C]putrescine. However, in quantitative terms, the incorporation into the light chains of either type is much less than into the heavy chains. Profound fluorescent changes occurred when dansylcadaverine was bound to myosin. Highly cross-linked platelet and muscle myosin polymers form in the absence of added amines, indicating the presence of both acceptor and donor sites. ATPase activity was not altered by cross-linking of 50–60% of myosin. The nature of the cross-link in myosin was found to be a γ-glutamyl-ϵ-lysine bond, with an average of 19 mol of dipeptide per mole of platelet myosin.
Effects of suspended sediments on photolysis rates of dissolved pollutants

Abstract Data are presented concerning the effects of suspended sediments upon photolysis rates of dissolved ultraviolet (u.v.) absorbing pollutants. The malachite green leucocyanide actinometer was found to be a convenient and sensitive device for measurement of solar u.v. radiation (∼ 330 nm) in sediment suspensions. Irradiance measurements by the actinometer were employed to compute diffuse attenuation coefficients for sediment suspensions from six natural water bodies in Georgia, Mississippi, and Montana. Specific attenuation coefficients were remarkably similar for all the sediments examined. Evidence is presented that large underestimates of photolysis rates result when beam attenuation coefficients of turbid water bodies are employed to compute the effects of light attenuation. Finally, it is demonstrated that photolysis rates within the photic zone are generally more rapid in turbid than in clear water. Enhanced photolysis rates in turbid waters are attributed to the increased diffuseness of light caused by scattering.
Factors that Influence Recipients’ Appraisals of Hurtful Communication

Interpersonal relationships provide a context in which hurtful messages are likely to be exchanged. This study examined the factors that influence recipients’ appraisals of hurtevoking messages. Specifically, this investigation examined three types of appraisals individuals make about a comment that hurt their feelings: the extent to which it reflects Concern, provides Comfort, or offers Help. Results revealed that both distal (e.g., relationship satisfaction and closeness) and proximal factors (e.g., message intensity and message hurtfulness) influenced recipients’ appraisals of hurtful statements. Interestingly, the only variable that was consistently a significant predictor of each type of appraisal was message intensity. How a message was stated was pivotal in shaping recipients’ appraisals of it. Given the importance of investigating how people navigate relational transgressions, the findings of the present study shed light on the factors that may help to promote less negative interpretations of hurt...
Rural–urban differences in the location of influenza vaccine administration

Abstract Background Influenza vaccination rates remain lower than Healthy People 2010 goals. The lower rates are prevalent in rural areas despite an expansion of services to nontraditional settings. Little is known about disparities in influenza vaccination rates and location of receipt among rural residents. This study seeks to determine if rural residents differ from urban residents in where they obtain an influenza vaccination, and to determine what factors contribute to these differences. Methods Data from 2002–2005 BRFSS were used and combined with the 2006 Area Resource File (analytic n = 70,468, unweighted, 48,392,455 weighted). Unadjusted analyses examined the proportions of influenza vaccinations obtained in traditional clinical settings vs. others across rurality: Urban, Large Rural and Small Rural. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to identify individual and county-level factors associated with the higher rate of vaccinations in clinical settings. Results Rural residents, particularly in Small Rural counties (80.8%) were more dependent upon clinical settings than Urban residents (69.1%) for influenza vaccinations. In adjusted analyzes, living in a Large or Small Rural county remained significant related to an increased odds of being vaccinated in a clinical setting (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06–1.29 and OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.24–1.69 respectively). Other related contributory factors included socioeconomic factors, health status, health condition, and per capita income of the county. Conclusions Rural residents depend upon traditional, clinical settings when an influenza vaccination is sought. The results can be used for further research and programs to improve access to and delivery of influenza vaccinations for disparate populations.
NMR Studies of Solvent-Assisted Proton Transfer in a Biologically Relevant Schiff Base: Toward a Distinction of Geometric and Equilibrium H-Bond Isotope Effects

The tautomeric equilibrium in a Schiff base, N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-methylamine 1, a model for the hydrogen bonded structure of the cofactor pyridoxal-5‘-phosphate PLP which is located in the active site of the enzyme, was measured by means of 1H and 15N NMR and deuterium isotope effects on 15N chemical shifts at variable temperature and in different organic solvents. The position of the equilibrium was estimated using the one-bond 1J(OHN) and vicinal 3J(HαCNH) scalar coupling constants. Additionally, DFT calculations of a series of Schiff bases, N-(R1-salicylidene)-alkyl(R2)amines, were performed to obtain the hydrogen bond geometries. The latter made it possible to investigate a broad range of equilibrium positions. The increase of the polarity of the aprotic solvent shifts the proton in the intramolecular OHN hydrogen bond closer to the nitrogen. The addition of methanol and of hexafluoro-2-propanol to 1 in aprotic solvents models the PLP−water interaction in the enzymatic active site. The alcohol...
Iron bound to the high-affinity Mn-binding site of the oxygen-evolving complex shifts the pK of a component controlling electron transport via Y(Z).

Flash-probe fluorescence spectroscopy was used to compare the pH dependence of charge recombination between Y(Z)(*) and Q(a)(-) in Mn-depleted, photosystem II membranes [PSII(-Mn)] and in membranes with the high-affinity (HA(Z)) Mn-binding site blocked by iron [PSII(-Mn,+Fe); Semin, B. K., Ghirardi, M. L., and Seibert, M. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 5854-5864]. The apparent half-time for fluorescence decay (t(1/2)) in PSII(-Mn) increased from 9 ms at pH 4.4 to 75 ms at pH 9.0 [with an apparent pK (pK(app)) of 7.1]. The actual fluorescence decay kinetics can be fit to one exponential component at pH 6.0 (t(1/2) = 385 ms). Similar measurements with PSII(-Mn,+Fe) membranes show that iron binding has little effect on the maximum and minimum t(1/2) values measured at alkaline and acidic pHs but that it does shift the pK(app) from 7.1 to 6.1 toward the more acidic pK(app) value typical of intact membranes. Light-induced Fe(II) blocking of the PSII(-Mn) membrane is accompanied by a decrease in buffer Fe(II) concentration. This decrease was not the result of Fe(II) binding, but rather of its oxidation at two sites, the HA(Z) site and the low-affinity site. Mossbauer spectroscopy at 80 K on PSII(-Mn,+Fe) samples, prepared under conditions providing the maximal blocking effect but minimizing the amount of nonspecifically bound iron cations, supports this conclusion since this method detected only Fe(III) cations bound to the membranes. Correlation of the kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation with the blocking parameters showed that blocking occurs after four to five Fe(II) cations were oxidized at the HA(Z) site. In summary, the blocking of the HA(Z) Mn-binding site by iron in PSII(-Mn) membranes not only prevents the access of exogenous donors to Y(Z) but also partially restores the properties of the hydrogen bond net found in intact PS(II), which in turn controls the rate of electron transport to Y(Z).
Nonlinear smoothing of pictures

A local operator, “SWAC,” is introduced which identifies image neighborhoods that are noisy and do not contain any boundary. An adaptive smoothing function, guided by the response of SWAC, successfully smooths noisy regions in images without degrading edges. The method is based on heuristics, and compared to most mathematically optimal estimators it, is computationally simple and inexpensive.
The customer orientation of financial advisers

Customer orientation, the disposition to meet customers' needs, is central to creating satisfactory relationships with clients. Yet to date, no research has examined the customer orientation of financial planners despite a number of recent scandals in the mutual fund industry that directly affected investors. This research provides survey results from 530 financial advisers regarding their customer orientation levels. The results indicate that financial advisers exhibit very high customer orientation levels, although customer orientation varied across gender, income, and company type. The results also indicate that the importance that advisers place on critical mutual fund characteristics varies according to advisers' level of customer orientation. Finally, the results indicate that advisers with higher customer orientation are more satisfied with their performance in a number of key areas.
Torsional stability of cross-link configurations: a biomechanical analysis

Abstract Background context Cross-link systems have been used to augment segmental spinal instrumentation since the earliest introduction of these fixation systems. Although transverse cross-links have little impact on sagittal motion of spinal constructs, cross-linkage does affect torsional rigidity. Despite the wide variety of cross-link designs, almost all have been configured as transverse devices. The relative mechanical benefit of different cross-link configurations is not known. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the torsional stability of three different cross-link configurations. Study design Biomechanical analysis of segmental instrumentation constructs using porcine spines. Methods Thoracic porcine spines (T4 to T10) were instrumented with 6.5-mm conical pedicle screws and 7.0-mm connecting rods from T5 to T9. Terminal vertebrae were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) after a T7 corpectomy. Four cross-link configurations were tested in a randomized manner: Un-cross-linked Control (CONT); Transverse Rod-Rod (RR); Transverse Screw-Screw (SS); and Diagonal Screw-Screw (DX) Cross-links. The specimens were rotated to 3 Nm at a rate of 0.2 degrees/s and cycled six times with data acquisition over the final two cycles. Stiffness, rotation, and energy data were normalized to each control. A Newman-Keuls repeated measures analysis of variance was used to infer significant differences. Results Diagonal cross-link configurations provided the most rigid construct. Transverse cross-links did not significantly change torsional behavior compared with the unlinked control. Rotation and energy expended were not significantly different for any of the cross-link configurations. The Diagonal (DX) construct demonstrated a significantly greater torsional stiffness compared with other constructs tested (p Conclusions The diagonal cross-link configuration provided increased torsional stiffness as compared with unlinked or transverse configurations. This observation should be considered in future cross-link designs.
Heterologous amplification and diversity of microsatellite loci in three owl monkey species (Aotus azarai, A. lemurinus, A. nancymaae)

Jennie Lau, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Sian Evans, Alan Dixson & Oliver A. Ryder* University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92112, USA; DuMond Conservany for Primates and Tropical Forests, Inc., P. O. Box 246, Miami, FL 33170, USA (*Author for correspondence: fax:+619-557-3958, e-mail: oryder@ucsd.edu)
Jointly Learning to Extract and Compress

We learn a joint model of sentence extraction and compression for multi-document summarization. Our model scores candidate summaries according to a combined linear model whose features factor over (1) the n-gram types in the summary and (2) the compressions used. We train the model using a margin-based objective whose loss captures end summary quality. Because of the exponentially large set of candidate summaries, we use a cutting-plane algorithm to incrementally detect and add active constraints efficiently. Inference in our model can be cast as an ILP and thereby solved in reasonable time; we also present a fast approximation scheme which achieves similar performance. Our jointly extracted and compressed summaries outperform both unlearned baselines and our learned extraction-only system on both ROUGE and Pyramid, without a drop in judged linguistic quality. We achieve the highest published ROUGE results to date on the TAC 2008 data set.
Evaluating an Animal Model of Compulsive Hoarding in Humans

Recently, researchers have begun to advocate use of an animal model for understanding compulsive hoarding in humans. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of the literature for this argument is lacking. We compare data for compulsive hoarding behavior in humans with hoarding in several vertebrates (rat, bird, and primate) to examine the potential validity of an animal model of hoarding. Although the strength of each animal model varies, there is provisional evidence in support of an analogue between hoarding in nonhuman animals (especially rodents) and humans, most notably on neurobiological grounds. Nevertheless, substantially more evidence is needed before this relationship can be confirmed with confidence. We identify gaps in the literature and offer suggestions for further investigation of the validity of animal models of human hoarding.