cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practical fuzzy decision trees

Decision-tree algorithms are one of the most popular applications in machine learning. The ID3 algorithm is an efficient method for building decision trees that form the basis for many decision tree programs. Fuzzy ID3 is an extension of the existing ID3 algorithm; it integrates fuzzy set theory and ID3 to overcome the effects of spurious precision in the data, to treat uncertainties in the data and to reduce the decision tree sensitivity to small changes in attribute values. In this paper, we introduce a modified version of fuzzy ID3 algorithm that integrates information gain and classification ambiguity to select the test attribute. The modified algorithm achieves better accuracy than the original Fuzzy ID3 as well as crisp programs such C4.5 on a wide range of datasets. We also introduce a new machine learning software tool based on fuzzy decision trees.
High Prevalence of Gynecologic Disease Among Hospitalized Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

We offered standardized gynecologic examinations to consecutive women admitted to an AIDSdesignated inpatient medical service; 65 (97%) of 67 women consented to the examination. The median CD4 / T lymphocyte count was 54/mm 3 . Only 9% of the women were admitted for primary gynecologic or genitourinary diagnoses; however, on evaluation, 83% of these women had gynecologic disease. The overall prevalences of vaginitis, cervical dysplasia, genital condylomata, genital herpes, and pelvic inflammatory disease were 51%, 45%, 23%, 20%, and 5%, respectively. Unexpected findings included adenovirus infection and foscarnet-associated genital ulcerations (two cases each). For predicting disease, gynecologic symptoms had a sensitivity of 76% and a positive predictive value of 95% but a negative predictive value of only 41%. Our results document the high prevalence of comorbid gynecologic disease among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because of the inability to fully predict disease by symptom history, it is imperative that comprehensive gynecologic evaluation be offered routinely to all HIV-infected women hospitalized for acute medical illnesses. In 1982, women accounted for 6% of all reported cases of logic evaluations to women admitted to an AIDS-designated medical service. In this report, we document the high preva
Planning of Accelerated Life Tests With Dependent Failure Modes Based on a Gamma Frailty Model

Accelerated life tests (ALT) provide timely information on product reliability. As product complexity increases, ALT often generate multiple dependent failure modes. However, the planning of an ALT with dependent failure modes has not been well studied in the literature. This article investigates the statistical modeling and planning of ALT with multiple dependent failure modes. An ALT model is constructed. Associated with each failure mode there is a latent lifetime described by a log-location-scale distribution, and the statistical dependence between different failure modes is described by a Gamma frailty model. The proposed model incorporates the ALT model with independent failure modes as a special limiting case. We obtain the c-optimal test plans by minimizing the large-sample approximate variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of a certain life quantile at use condition. The method is illustrated by developing ALT plans for field-effect transistors with competing gate oxide breakdown. A sensiti...
Distribution of recycled crust within the upper mantle: Insights from the oxygen isotope composition of MORB from the Australian-Antarctic Discordance

Geochemical heterogeneity within the mantle has long been recognized through the diversity of trace element and radiogenic isotopic compositions of mantle-derived rocks, yet the specific origin, abundance, and distribution of enriched material within the mantle have been difficult to quantify. In particular, the origin of the distinctive geochemical characteristics of Indian mantle has been debated for decades. We present new laser fluorination oxygen isotope measurements of mid-ocean ridge basalt from the Australian-Antarctic Discordance (AAD), an area where a particularly abrupt transition occurs between Pacific-type mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and Atlantic-type MORB. These data show no distinction in average δ^(18)O between Pacific- and Atlantic-type MORB, indicating that the origin of Indian-type mantle cannot be attributed to the presence of pelagic sediment. The combined radiogenic isotope, δ^(18)O, and trace element characteristics of Indian-type MORB at the AAD are consistent with contamination of the Indian upper mantle by lower crustal material. We also present a compilation of available laser fluorination δ^(18)O data for MORB and use these data to evaluate the nature and percentage of enriched material within the upper mantle globally. Data for each ocean basin fit a normal distribution, with indistinguishable means and standard deviations, implying that the variation in δ^(18)O of MORB reflects a stochastic process that operates similarly across all ocean basins. Monte Carlo simulations show that the mean and standard deviation of the MORB data are robust indicators of the mean and standard deviation of the parent distribution of data. Further, although some skewness in the data cannot be ruled out, Monte Carlo results are most consistent with a normal parent distribution. This similarity in characteristics of the δ^(18)O data between ocean basins, together with correlations of δ^(18)O with radiogenic isotope and trace element characteristics of subsets of the data, suggest that the upper mantle globally contains an average of ~5–10% recycled crustal material and that the depleted mantle in the absence of this component would have δ^(18)O of ~5.25‰. The Monte Carlo simulations also suggest that additional oxygen isotope data may be used in the future to test the ability of geodynamical models to predict the physical distribution of enriched domains within the upper mantle.
Using Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Prevent Influenza Transmission in Elementary School Children: Parent and Teacher Perspectives

Objectives: Schools act as “amplifying sites” for the spread of infectious diseases, outbreaks, and pandemics. This project assessed which nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are most acceptable to parents and teachers of school children in grades K-5 to K-8 in Pittsburgh public schools.
Diversity and extinction in the Cenozoic history of Caribbean reefs

Occurrences of reef corals are examined at Caribbean fossil localities to determine how biodiversity has changed within the region over the past 50 million years. Analyses of 294 species (66 genera) at 58 fossil localities show that Caribbean generic diversity rose to 44 between 50-22 Ma, ranged from 32-39 between 22- 2 Ma, and dropped to 25 afterwards. Regional species diversity was high at 40-36 Ma, 28-22 Ma, and 5-2 Ma. Origination rates were elevated throughout each high diversity interval, but extinction was concentrated near the end of each interval. Regional highs of origination and extinction, therefore, diAered in timing and dura- tion, causing the observed regional diversity increases during the three remarkably long intervals of turnover. Highs of generic origination decreased in magnitude as immigration from the Mediterranean ceased, but speci- ation highs increased in association with emergence of the Central American isthmus. Peaks of extinction co- incided with regional changes in climate and oceanic circulation. Maximum species diversities within assemblages in- creased to 40-60 between 50-36 Ma, and have remained relatively constant ever since. Assemblage compositions diAered among localities having similar ages and envi- ronments, suggesting that the timing and pattern of turnover varied across the region. Stable diversities but variable compositions within assemblages suggest that dispersal and recruitment influenced the pattern of fau- nal change during turnover.
Patterns of organization and management in private and public substance abuse treatment programs

As an organizational field, substance abuse treatment clearly includes a remarkable range of organizations. Yet only in the past two decades has there been research interest in the organizational context in which treatment is delivered. The goal of this article is to promote the concept of organizational field by summarizing findings from an ongoing research program and by examining the organizational structure, service delivery, and patterns of innovation adoption in two large samples of substance abuse treatment programs in the United States. Among highlighted findings, there are notable differences between the public and private sectors in structural and staffing characteristics, as well as in the characteristics of clients receiving substance abuse treatment. With regard to the use of evidence-based practices, our findings suggest that pharmacotherapies are more likely to be adopted in private centers, whereas notably effective voucher approaches are more common in public centers. Future research directions are discussed.
The promise of quantum computing and quantum information theory - quantum parallelism

We introduce basic concepts and some of the applications of quantum computing and quantum information theory. We discuss first the physical limitations of solid state technology, then we present a few experiments which reveal quantum effects. We survey the basic principles of quantum mechanics necessary to understand the behaviour of quantum devices.
Compaction Behavior of Several Ceramic Powders

The compaction behavior of four ceramic powders of widely different hardness but of essentially the same particle-size fraction (nominally 44 to 62μ) was examined by measuring the travel of a laboratory hydraulic press. The results revealed that the softer powders yielded a greater fractional volume compaction at a given pressure. An account of compaction by two largely independent probabilistic processes, the filling of large holes and the filling of small pores, led to an expression for the fractional volume compaction, , in terms of applied pressure which, with the proper choice of coefficients, at and kt, was found to be adequate to describe the behavior of all the powders.
Disordered Eating and Health-Related Quality of Life in Overweight and Obese Children

Objectives To examine disordered eating and associations with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in rural overweight/obese (OW/OB) children. Methods Cross-sectional analyses were conducted with 272 rural OW/OB children aged 8–12 years (M ¼ 10.36; SD ¼ 1.39). Child anthropometrics, demographics, disordered eating attitudes, unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs), and HRQOL were measured. Relationships between these variables were analyzed using bootstrapped multiple linear regressions. Results Clinically significant disordered eating attitudes were endorsed by 17% of the sample, and the majority endorsed UWCBs. Disordered eating attitudes and weight status were the most common predictors of HRQOL. Disordered eating attitudes and UWCBs were negatively related to emotional HRQOL but were unrelated to social, school, or physical HRQOL. Conclusions Disordered eating is a serious and relevant problem in OW/OB children living in rural areas and may be indicative of impairments in emotional functioning. Early intervention may reduce the risk for eating disorders and associated negative sequelae.
Migration of early aftershocks following the 2004 Parkfield earthquake

A significant number of the early aftershocks following large shallow earthquakes are missing in existing earthquake catalogues. An analysis of the waveforms of 3,647 relocated earthquakes along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault reveals 11 times more aftershocks within three days of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake than listed in a standard catalogue. Large shallow earthquakes are immediately followed by numerous aftershocks. A significant portion of these events is missing in existing earthquake catalogues, mainly because seismicity after the mainshock can be masked by overlapping arrivals of waves from the mainshock and aftershocks1,2,3,4. However, recovery of the missing early aftershocks is important for understanding the physical mechanisms of earthquake triggering2,3,4, and for tracking postseismic deformation around the rupture zone associated with the mainshock5,6,7. Here we use the waveforms of 3,647 relocated earthquakes8 along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault as templates9,10 to detect missing aftershocks within three days of the 2004 magnitude 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. We identify 11 times more aftershocks than listed in the standard catalogue of the Northern California Seismic Network. We find that the newly detected aftershocks migrate in both along-strike and down-dip directions with logarithmic time since the mainshock, consistent with numerical simulations of the expansion of aftershocks caused by propagating afterslip11,12. The cumulative number of early aftershocks increases linearly with postseismic deformation in the first two days, supporting the view that aftershocks are driven primarily by afterslip13,14.
Static Test Data Volume Reduction Using Complementation or Modulo- $M$ Addition

Both test compaction and test data compression methods provide an opportunity for a tester to apply modified versions of each test, in addition to the original test. We take advantage of this opportunity to achieve additional test data volume reductions. One way to modify a test is to complement some or all of its bits. We represent the way in which modified tests will be obtained by a complementation vector. Experimental results demonstrate that, even when a test set has minimum or close-to-minimum size, the use of a complementation vector allows us to reduce the size of the stored test set further, and almost always below the known lower bound on the size of a test set. The use of a complementation vector is equivalent to a modulo-2 addition operation. We generalize it to modulo- M addition, for a constant M ≥ 2. With modulo-M addition, each stored test yields up to M tests. It is thus possible to reduce the size of the stored test set even further.
Rapid system prototyping for high performance reconfigurable computing

Proposes a soft-reconfigurable coarse-grain platform, based on a very few types of computational cells, and shows how a range of advanced applications can be mapped for achieving high performance. Two very flexible cells are proposed that account for the versatility of the approach. These are the MA PLUS, which is an enhanced multiply-add cell, and the UNL (Universal NonLinear) cell. These two cells together provide an unprecedented capability for 'coarse-grain reconfigurable computing'. Although the applications range from FIR filtering of images to large-scale inverse problems, this paper demonstrates the mapping of two advanced problems, namely (1) reconstruction of computerized tomography images from fan-beam projections, and (2) color conversion of video from the RGB to HSI domain. A speedup by factors of 20 or more over today's workstations is estimated.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION ON THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF H2O-RICH PLANETS

For most planets in the range of radii from 1 to 4 R ⊕, water is a major component of the interior composition. At high pressure H2O can be solid, but for larger planets, like Neptune, the temperature can be too high for this. Mass and age play a role in determining the transition between solid and fluid (and mixed) water-rich super-Earth. We use the latest high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure phase diagrams of H2O, and by comparing them with the interior adiabats of various planet models, the temperature evolution of the planet interior is shown, especially for the state of H2O. It turns out that the bulk of H2O in a planet's interior may exist in various states such as plasma, superionic, ionic, Ice VII, Ice X, etc., depending on the size, age, and cooling rate of the planet. Different regions of the mass-radius phase space are also identified to correspond to different planet structures. In general, super-Earth-size planets (isolated or without significant parent star irradiation effects) older than about 3 Gyr would be mostly solid.
The Efficacy of Mirtazapine in the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence with Comorbid Depression

Background: Prior findings concerning the use of mirtazapine in the treatment of a variety of substance use disorders and its antagonistic actions at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor suggest that this drug may have efficacy in the treatment of cocaine dependence in the presence of a depressive disorder. Methods: Depressed cocaine-dependent subjects received either mirtazapine (target dose 45 mg daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. Urine concentrations of benzoylecgonine and self-report were used to assess cocaine consumption. Depression and sleep quality were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Results: Cocaine consumption during the treatment period did not differ significantly between the mirtazapine (n = 11) and placebo (n = 13) groups in this study. In week 4 sleep latency was significantly lower in the active medication than in the placebo group. Positive effects of mirtazapine treatment on early insomnia were suggested by an item...
Polarized 3He analyzers for neutron reflectometry

Abstract At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Indiana University, we are developing polarized 3 He analyzers for neutron reflectometry. We have employed 3 He analyzers at two polarized neutron reflectometers, NG1 at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) and POSY I at the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), Argonne National Laboratory. The long-term goal for both efforts is to perform efficient studies of magnetic diffuse scattering. At the NCNR, we tested a 3 He analyzer by comparing measurements of specular scattering obtained with a supermirror analyzer to those obtained with a 3 He analyzer. For this test, we measured the spin-flip and nonspin-flip scattering from a Mn0.52Pd0.48/Fe thin film. The results with the 3 He analyzer show very good agreement with those obtained with the supermirror analyzer. We have also carried out tests of the 3 He analyzer for application to magnetic diffuse scattering experiments. We discuss the development of a 3 He analyzer for IPNS that will be employed for studies of patterned magnetic arrays.
Agricultural Workers: Field Research with an Imagined Community that is Mobile and Hard-to-Reach

Fieldwork strategies are showing increasing concern about contributing something of value to the local com- munity, where one has conducted research. This concern for payback has centered on countermanding the obvious, visible benefits to individual researchers, or a research team, than whatever contributions have gone to the community, which are likely to be much less visible. Alternatives to direct community contributions include sharing expertise with those that provide basic services and advocates who work on behalf of the population. Research with farm workers requires shifts in field techniques that take into account continuing geographic mobility, irregular employment, and a precarious economic situation experienced by the study population. This article describes the author's experience in conducting long-term eth- nography among farm workers across multiple sites along the eastern United States. Strategies of fieldwork among this mobile and hard-to-reach population are compared against standards of fieldwork that have been articulated in four classic monographs from the social sciences. An overview of findings from research among agricultural workers is offered as evidence of the appropriateness of reliance on emerging field strategies that consider the safety and well-being of the population, simultaneous with selecting what eventually become valid and reliable techniques of data collection.
A Game Theoretic Approach to Efficient Mixed Strategies for Intrusion Detection

As information technology evolves, and as more intrusion detection (ID) techniques are developed, security architects face the problem of effectively integrating various detection techniques to improve overall detection performance while maintain a high level of efficiency in network operation. In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal intrusion detection strategy in a network environment where multiple ID techniques are deployed. We first formulate a zero-sum attacker/defender game. The objective of the defender is to decide an optimal mixed strategy (i.e., a distribution over a set of strategies with each corresponding to the use of a particular ID technique) that maximizes his expected detection gain. In contrast, the objective of the attacker is to decide an optimal mixed strategy (i.e., a distribution over a set of strategies with each corresponding to a specific attack type or anomaly pattern) that minimizes his expected detection loss. The minmax theorem guarantees an optimal equilibrium strategy pair, which provides a valuable quantitative measure of the contributions from different ID techniques to the overall detection efficiency. Such information can assist security architects in understanding the effectiveness of these techniques, and in selecting the appropriate intrusion detection techniques according to the expected attacks. We also formulate a non-zero-sum noncooperative attacker/defender game where the payoffs of players are non-strictly competitive. We show that this game achieves at least one Nash equilibrium that leads to a defense strategy for the defender. Examples are presented and discussed both analytically and numerically.
Materialism and materiality

Accountants and auditors in recent financial scandals have been pictured as materialistic, simply calculating consequences and ignoring duties. This paper potentially explains this apparently materialistic behaviour in what has historically been a truthtelling profession. Materiality, which drives audit priorities, has been institutionalised in accounting and auditing standards. But a materiality focus inherently implies that all amounts that are not 'materially' misstated are equally true. This leads to habitual immaterial misstatements and promotes the view that auditors do not care about truth at all. Auditors' lack of commitment to truth undermines their claim to be professionals in the classic sense.
Survival of Spiral Ganglion

Survival and regeneration of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) following deafening carries critical implication for cochlear implantation as well as reinnervation of restored hair cells. Survival and development of SGN depend on neurotrophic factors supplied by hair cells glial cells and other targets. The membrane electrical activity of spiral ganglion neurons also support their survival. Cell death inhibitors can also preserve spiral ganglion neurons. Recent studies of spiral ganglion survival including stem cell transplantation have identified several neurotrophic factors which protect neurons from death following hair cell loss. Although these experimental results are still preliminary, progression in study of strategy for SGN survival should be an important part of future neurobiology.
Gender Differences in Comparisons and Entitlement: Implications for Comparable Worth

This article addresses the role of comparison processes in the persistence of the gender wage gap, its toleration by those most disadvantaged by it, and resistance to comparable worth as a corrective strategy. It proposes that the gender segregation of jobs and the underpayment of women and women's jobs lead women and men to use different comparison standards when evaluating what they are entitled to receive in terms of pay for work. I argue that gender differences in entitlement contribute to toleration of injustice among underpaid female workers, foster cultural beliefs regarding what is appropriate pay for male and female workers, and serve as sources of potential bias in job evaluation plans. In addition, a variety of structural, cognitive, and affective factors encourage individuals to compare within groups, to regard ingroup members as the most relevant and legitimate comparative referents, and to inhibit the outgroup comparisons that lie at the heart of the comparable worth strategy.
Recurrent Massive Pleural Effusion Due to Pleural, Pericardial, and Epicardial Fibrosis in Histoplasmosis

Acute histoplasmosis is generally a benign, self-limited pulmonary infection. Although Histoplasma capsulatum pneumonitis is common, pleural effusions associated with histoplasmosis are quite rare, and massive pleural effusions have not been reported. There have been several reports of pericardial fibrosis secondary to histoplasmosis, but epicardial fibrosis has not been described. We report a biopsy-proven case of histoplasmosis initially associated with recurrent massive pleural effusions and excessive pleural fibrosis causing a trapped lung. The patient later developed constrictive pericarditis. Despite pericardiectomy, severe cor pulmonale occurred, and the patient died. Necropsy demonstrated fibrosis of the epicardium.
Transluminal stent-assisted coil embolization of a vertebral confluence aneurysm: technique report.

BACKGROUND Recent advances in stent technology have allowed for negotiation of often tortuous posterior circulation intracranial vasculature. Stent-assisted coil embolization is a novel treatment for complex wide-necked aneurysms, as stents provide a buttress that allows for coil deposition while preventing coil herniation into the parent vessel lumen. We describe a case of stent-assisted coil embolization of a complex wide-necked vertebral confluence aneurysm. CASE DESCRIPTION A 61-year-old woman presented with a Hunt-Hess III, Fisher Grade III subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured vertebral confluence aneurysm demonstrated on angiography. The patient underwent emergent angiography and attempted coiling of a vertebral confluence aneurysm. Because of the aneurysm's complex wide neck and the presence of subclavian steal syndrome, the coils repeatedly herniated into the left vertebral and basilar artery lumina. A flexible coronary stent was deployed across the aneurysm neck, preventing coil herniation and allowing for greater coil deposition. The patient tolerated the procedure and underwent repeat coiling 2 months postoperatively because of mild coil compaction. This resulted in 100% occlusion and the patient is neurologically normal except for a sixth nerve palsy which had been present after the hemorrhage. CONCLUSION Recent advances in stent technology allow negotiation of the tortuous posterior circulation vasculature. Stent-assisted coil embolization of complex, wide-necked vertebral confluence aneurysms may be an alternative intervention for these surgically challenging lesions.
Getting to proficiency and beyond : Kentucky Library Media Centers’ progress on state standards and the relationship of library media program variables to student achievement

LIBRES Library and Information Science Research Electronic JournalrnVolume 18, Issue 1, March 2008
Freeing the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Question of Access

The announcement by the Huntington Library in September 1991 of its decision to open for unrestricted research its photographs of the Dead Sea Scrolls touched off a battle of wills between the library and the official team of scrolls editors, as well as a blitz of media publicity. The action was based on a commitment to the principle of intellectual freedom, but it must also be considered in light of the ethics of donor agreements and of access restrictions. The author relates the story of the events leading to the Huntington's move and its aftermath, and she analyzes the issues involved.
The fictionality of topic modeling: Machine reading Anthony Trollope's Barsetshire series

This essay describes how using unsupervised topic modeling (specifically the latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling algorithm in MALLET) on relatively small corpuses can help scholars of literature circumvent the limitations of some existing theories of the novel. Using an example drawn from work on Victorian novelist Anthony Trollope's Barsetshire series, it argues that unsupervised topic modeling's counter-factual and retrospective reconstruction of the topics out of which a given set of novels have been created allows for a denaturalizing and unfamiliar (though crucially not “objective” or “unbiased”) view. In other words, topic models are fictions, and scholars of literature should consider reading them as such. Drawing on one aspect of Stephen Ramsay's idea of algorithmic criticism, the essay emphasizes the continuities between “big data” methods and techniques and longer-standing methods of literary study.
On the driving force for crack growth during thermal actuation of shape memory alloys

Abstract The effect of thermomechanically induced phase transformation on the driving force for crack growth in polycrystalline shape memory alloys is analyzed in an infinite center-cracked plate subjected to a thermal actuation cycle under mechanical load in plain strain. Finite element calculations are carried out to determine the mechanical fields near the static crack and the crack-tip energy release rate using the virtual crack closure technique. A substantial increase of the energy release rate – an order of magnitude for some material systems – is observed during the thermal cycle due to the stress redistribution induced by large scale phase transformation. Thus, phase transformation occurring due to thermal variations under mechanical load may result in crack growth if the crack-tip energy release rate reaches a material specific critical value.
Implications of Observability for the Theory and Measurement of Emergent Team Phenomena

Many of the most pivotal mechanisms of team success are emergent phenomena—constructs with conceptual origins at the individual level that coalesce over time through members’ interactions to characterize a team as a whole. Typically, empirical research on teams represents emergent mechanisms as the aggregate of members’ self-report perceptions of the team. This dominant approach assumes members have developed a perception of the emergent property and are able to respond accurately to survey items. Yet emergent phenomena require sufficient time and team interaction before coalescing as perceptible team properties. Attempting to measure an emergent property before it is perceptible can result in inaccurate assessments and substantive conclusions. Therefore, a key purpose of this study is to develop a better understanding of the underlying characteristics of emergent team phenomena that give rise to their emergence as perceptible and, thus, accurately measurable team characteristics. We advance a conceptual ...
Web tasking: a position paper

A major breakthrough in the web would be to enable web users the freedom to task, with resources from across the web, the same way they browse. Mashup, REST service composition, IFTTT and others have made some contribution to that effect. However, none of them is sufficient for web users' everyday use. I present a resource-oriented solution to this problem by introducing a RESTful representation of resources' actions. Using a web tasker, like the browser counterpart, users can express their tasks by selecting resource and its action. They can also specify conditions for executions as well as sequences of resource actions as hypermedia links of actions. Captured by a specialized media type, such instances of web tasking can be processed and executed by machine as an approach for resource oriented web automation as well as resource oriented web agents.
The clinical utility of CK-MB measurement in patients suspected of acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Background This study aims to assess the clinical utility of CK-MB measurement in patients suspected of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods All CK-MB and troponin T measurements performed Results In 401 cases, CK-MB concentrations were increased whereas troponin T concentrations were negative at Conclusions In the setting of suspected ACS, CK-MB has limited clinical impact when contemporary troponin assay results are available.
Phase Development in Ag-Clad Bscco Wires

We have studied phase evolution in Ag‐clad BSCCO wires with nominal composition Bi 2 . 4 . 8 Sr 2.05 Ca 0.95 Cu 2.27 Oy‐ The wires were initially processed at 920°C where the oxide was partiaily moiten, then subsequently annealed at 840° C. The microstructure and composition of the phases present were studied at different points in the processing using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The microstructure became simpler during the anneal resulting in two oxide phases and Ag. Ag from the cladding had dissolved into the melt at 920° C and subsequently precipitated in the core of the wire on cooling to the annealing temperature.
Dispersive Electron-Transfer Kinetics from Single Molecules on TiO2 Nanoparticle Films

The distributions of electron-transfer dynamics in dye-sensitized TiO2 films are probed using single-molecule microscopy. The time-dependent emission (i.e., blinking dynamics) of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and rhodamine B (RB) sensitized TiO2 films are quantified by constructing cumulative distribution functions of emissive (“on”) and nonemissive (“off”) events. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) methods and quantitative goodness-of-fit tests based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistics are used to establish the best fit to the photophysical data. The on-time distributions for R6G and RB on TiO2 are fit by power laws, but only for emissive durations that last longer than ∼0.7 s. Furthermore, large variations in the power-law exponents are observed when using least-squares fitting as compared to the combined MLE and KS-test approach. The off-time distributions for molecules on TiO2 and glass are not consistent with power laws and are instead well represented by log-normal distributions. Our observations suppor...
An Immunological Study of the Relation Between Pernicious Anemia and Anemia Due to Welch B. Toxin.

Chronic anemia was produced in rabbits by the injection of Welch B. toxin. The blood picture was characterized by (1) low color index, (2) anisocytosis without distortion of the shape of the cells, (3) rarity of nucleated red corpuscles. The histological examination of the organs showed changes consistent with blood destruction from any cause. Study of the spinal cord for degenerative changes, such as are frequently found in pernicious anemia, were negative.The anemia which developed, however, was characterized by remissions when the injections were continued over long periods of time. The blood picture in rabbits which were given non-fatal doses returned to the normal despite the continuance of injection of the toxin. If large doses were then given the resistance could be broken down and anemia once more produced. This phenomenon could be repeated. It seemed, therefore, theoretically possible that the remissions in pernicious anemia were due to a varying immunity on the part of the human organism to the ...
Resonant Moke Spectra in Magnetic Layers on Silver

In recent years there have been reports of large magneto-optic Kerr effects (MOKE) observed in structures consisting of thin magnetic layers on top of optically thick nonmagnetic reflecting materials. Feil and Haas introduced the concept that these large MOKE could be explained in terms of metallic plasma resonances.[l] Katayama et al found enhanced MOKE in Fe/Cu bilayers at wavelengths corresponding to the plasma edge of copper [2]. Schoenes and Reim discussed the Feil and Haas work [3], and Reim and Weller demonstrated enhanced MOKE in TbFeCo/Cu at wavelengths where the optical constants n and k are small [4]. Thus it appears that enhanced MOKE can result when materials have unusual optical dielectric functions.
Mixed convection in an axisymmetric stagnation flow on a vertical cylinder

An analysis is presented to study the mixed convection in an axisymmetric stagnation flow over a vertical cylinder with arbitrary temperature variations. Numerical solutions are given for the governing momentum and energy equations Two flow regions, namely, the buoyancy-assisted and buoyancy-opposed cases are analyzed. It is observed that the friction factor and Nusselt number increase or decrease with the buoyancy force parameter depending upon which flow regime is being considered. The effect of the Prandtl number on the flow field in both the flow regimes is discussed.
The role of persuasion knowledge, assessment of benefit and harm, and third-person perception in coping with online behavioral advertising

Online behavioral advertising (OBA) provides Internet users with potential benefit (relevant ads) and harm (privacy infringement) through personalized covert persuasion tactics, making it an interesting case for understanding perceptions of media effects. In study 1 (survey), we found that subjective persuasion knowledge of OBA was positively related to third-person perception (TPP). Importantly, the assessment of the potential harm and benefit of OBA mediated the relationship between subjective persuasion knowledge and TPP. Objective persuasion knowledge however was only indirectly related to TPP via subjective persuasion knowledge. TPP related to personal (accept, avoid OBA) but not social-level (pro-regulation) coping measures. Study 2 (experiment) replicated study 1 and showed that the perceived effect of OBA on self (not others) drove the TPP and the responses to personal outcome measures. Implications for understanding perceived media effects and response to OBA are discussed. Subjective persuasion knowledge of OBA was positively related to third-person perception (TPP).The assessment of the harm and benefit of OBA mediated the relationship between subjective persuasion knowledge and TPP.Objective persuasion knowledge however was only indirectly related to TPP via subjective persuasion knowledge.TPP related to personal (accept, avoid OBA) but not social-level (pro-regulation) coping measures.
Spectrum Aggregation Based Cooperative Communications in the LTE Further Evolution

The wide band radio transmission may be implemented in two parallel ways:to design a new system with larger bandwidth;to construct a cooperative system based on existing systems.The former is a spectrum aggregation scheme based on multi-carrier transmission within one system,while the latter fulfills spectrum aggregation based on multi-carrier transmission among systems.On one hand,the advantage of the multi-carrier transmission scheme within system and among systems lies in that the existing Radio Frequency (RF) techniques and elements can be sufficiently utilized,so the system cost can be decreased.On the other hand,the spectrum aggregation among systems,especially among heterogeneous air-interfaces,can not only expand the basic bandwidth functions,but also fulfill efficient spectrum usage for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system under the unbalanced Uplink/Downlink (UL/DL) service scenario and efficient guard band usage between FDD and Time Division Duplex (TDD) system.Commercially,this solution is more significant for operators.
Analysis and Diagnosis of Large Turbogenerator Rotor Inter-turn Short-circuit Fault

Because of the mechanical force,temperature,dust,dirt and grease and other factors,coupled with manufacturing processes,insulation materials problems,the inter-turn short circuit fault could happen in the turbogenerator rotor.The DC resistance method can not detect the early inter-turn short-circuit faults.With the winding impedance and loss,electrodes balanced method and coil voltage distribution method can diagnose and locate the rotor inter-turn short circuit fault.
Pathology of childhood AIDS.

Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be classified into three broad categories: (1) primary lesions related directly to infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (e.g., in the lymphoreticular system and brain); (2) associated lesions related to direct or indirect sequelae of HIV infection (e.g., opportunistic infections, lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis, and so forth); and (3) lesions of undetermined pathogenesis (e.g., cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and so forth). The pathologic features of the various lesions in these three categories are described. Clinical relevance of the pathologic study of AIDS is discussed. Data on perinatal pathology of AIDS is reviewed.
Effectiveness and outcomes of a nurse practitioner-run chest pain evaluation unit.

BACKGROUND Every year, more than 5 million patients seek medical care for chest pain. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate test utilization and outcomes of a nurse practitioner (NP)-based chest pain unit and compare results to data previously reported from our institution. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The records from 814 consecutive patients with chest pain admitted to the NP-run unit were compared to the outcomes of 250 patients admitted to a separate hospitalist-run unit at a New York City hospital. RESULTS Forty-four percent of patients in the NP unit underwent stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) as the primary diagnostic test (compared to 22% in the hospitalist unit, p < .0001). The average length of stay was shorter for patients in the NP unit (2.7 ± 3.6 days compared to 3.9 ± 3.4 days, p < .0001). Additionally, the 90-day readmission rate was less for patients in the NP unit (2.7% vs. 3.9%, p < .0006). CONCLUSIONS An NP-run chest pain unit resulted in decreased length of stay and reduced readmission rates compared to a hospitalist-based unit.
Foreign anions modulate volume set point of sheep erythrocyte K-Cl cotransport.

Preequilibration at 37 degrees C in isosmotic media with Cl replaced by lyotropic (foreign) anions reversibly increased Cl-dependent K efflux and Rb influx, the inhibition by furosemide, and thus K...
Reaction of pyridoxamine-5-P with pyrroloquinoline quinone (coenzyme PQQ)

PQQ catalyzes the oxidation of pyridoxamine (PM) and pyridoxamine-5-P (PMP) to pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5-P (PLP) at 37 degrees C in the absence of micelles and proteins. The time course of conversion of PMP into PLP was monitored by absorption spectroscopy; a rate of 10 nmol PLP/min was determined. The product of the reaction was identified by TLC, HPLC and its ability to restore the catalytic activity of apoaspartate aminotransferase. The conversion of PMP into PLP by free PQQ is more efficient than reactions catalyzed by the enzymes plasma amine oxidase and pyridoxamine-5-P oxidase at optimal pH values.
DYSPLASIA EPIPHYSEALIS HEMIMELICA IN AN ELDERLY PATIENT

We report a case of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica in an 87-year-old woman, the oldest patient, to our knowledge, who has presented with symptoms from this disease. Whereas the classic presentation is marked by painless swelling and/or deformity, our patient was found to be diffusely tender without effusion or gross deformity. Plain radiographs showed severe degenerative changes in her right knee with loss of joint space and osteophyte formation, along with an intra-articular osteochondroma. The intra-articular osteochondroma was removed, and an arthroplasty was performed without complication and with full relief of symptoms.
Recovery of Aeromonas hydrophila from Carcasses and Processing Water in a Broiler Processing Operation.

Aeromonas hydrophila , a potential pathogen associated with cases of human diarrhea, was enumerated using a rinse method on broiler carcasses and in processing water at selected locations in a commercial processing plant. A. hydrophila was detected on 98% of all carcasses tested, and 92% of all chill water samples; scald and rinse water samples were negative for this organism. Mean numbers on carcasses ranged for 28 CFU/ml of rinse fluid, detected immediately after the chiller, to 580 CFU/ml of rinse fluid at the post-evisceration stage. Water chilling and washing resulted in a significant reduction in A. hydrophila numbers on carcasses, while refrigerated storage (48 h) resulted in a significant increase. Data suggest that isolates recovered from carcasses may likely have been of intestinal origin and that the evisceration step was a probable cause of contamination. A. hydrophila levels on carcasses and processing waters showed no correlation to other bacteriological parameters which might be used in a process evaluation program.
Microbiota as Therapeutic Targets

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a family of diseases including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. IBD has garnered significant attention in recent years due to successes in 2 areas of basic science: complex human genetics and host-microbe interactions. Advances in understanding the genetics of IBD, mainly driven by genome-wide association studies, have identified more than 160 genetic loci that modulate the risk of disease. Notably, several of these genes have pointed to alterations in host-microbe interactions as being critical factors in pathogenesis. Investigations into the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract (or the ‘gut microbiome') in IBD have yielded important insights into several aspects of interactions between microbiota and the host immune system, including how alterations to microbial community composition and function have important consequences for immune homeostasis. Key Messages: The anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract plays a role in defining not only intestinal function, but also the microbial ecosystem that lives within the gut. Careful investigations into the composition and function of these microbial communities have suggested that patients with IBD have an imbalance in their gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis. These studies, as well as studies using samples from healthy individuals, have begun to uncover mechanisms of crosstalk between particular microbes (and microbial products) and immunomodulatory pathways, alterations which may drive immune diseases such as IBD. Conclusions: Investigations into the role of the microbiome in IBD have provided important clues to potential pathogenic mechanisms. Harnessing this knowledge to develop therapeutics and identify biomarkers is currently a major translational goal, holding great promise for clinically meaningful progress.
Beyond the Lavender Scare: LGBT and Heterosexual Employees in the Federal Workplace

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) identities within the workplace have recently gained greater attention as significant demographic categories. A key question that emerges from the limited scholarship on LGBT employment in the federal government is whether there is a distinction between the experiences of employees within federal security agencies, defined here as the five major agencies that provide civilian support to the defense and military structures of the United States, and employees of other federal agencies. Using data from the 2013 Employee Viewpoint Survey, this article addresses the following questions: How does sexual orientation and/or gender identity as self-reported in the 2013 EVS impact employee perceptions of personal safety and security, job satisfaction, and diversity issues, and how do these perceptions vary between employees of the major security agencies and other federal agencies? The article shows that across the federal government employees are reasonably satisfied ...