cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ischemia-Driven Revascularization Demonstrating and Delivering a Mature Procedure in a Mature Way

Since the introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the goal of the procedure has been to reduce patient symptoms, improve quality of life, and potentially affect clinical outcomes in specific high-risk clinical scenarios, such as acute myocardial infarction. As coronary intervention techniques and technology have matured, leading to near-complete rates of technical success, physicians, patients, and health policymakers are now often faced with questions around which patient subsets gain the most benefit from the procedure. In this context, some have advocated the broad use of noninvasive testing to demonstrate ischemia in patients with symptoms concerning for obstructive coronary disease. In fact, from the earliest descriptions of percutaneous angioplasty, physicians have looked to demonstrate the impact of percutaneous interventions on objectively measured ischemia from noninvasive testing.1 Article see p 309 Current guidelines recommend that patients considered symptomatic with possible obstructive coronary disease have their care driven by risk assessment.2 This risk assessment is derived from the patient’s baseline comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors coupled with their symptom complex. Low-risk patients should receive cardiovascular risk reducing therapy and follow-up, intermediate risk patients should undergo noninvasive testing for further refining risk assessment, and high-risk patients should undergo cardiac catheterization. This care pathway starts with an evaluation of the likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease, uses a combination of optimal medical therapy and, in high-risk patients, defining the coronary anatomy, and ends with symptom relief and improved outcomes when revascularization is driven by ischemic symptoms. With this background, Lin et al3 present a provocative analysis of the outcomes of Medicare patients undergoing elective PCI with or without antecedent stress testing. The authors identified a cohort of 23 877 Medicare beneficiaries undergoing elective PCI from 2003 to 2004, excluding patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, transferred patients, and patients who …
A Web-based Simulator for Learning Multiprocessor Real-time Scheduling (Abstract Only)

CPU scheduling is one of the most important topics discussed in Operating Systems (OS) courses. In recent years, CPU scheduling for multiprocessor and real-time systems has become more and more essential as those systems can be found everywhere. While these topics should be introduced in OS courses, they are much harder to understand than simple uniprocessor scheduling algorithms due to the complexity involved. Particularly in introductory OS courses, only a couple of lectures can be used to cover these topics. To help students understand these complex topics more easily, we introduce a web-based simulator for learning multiprocessor real-time scheduling that is easy-to-use and self-explanatory. With this simulator, students can get visualized step-by-step instructions of how the algorithms work. They can also run the simulators interactively, and explore the algorithms in an empirical setting. The initial feedback from our students indicates that the tool is very useful in learning these complex algorithms. A demo will be shown in the poster session.
Meditation for Migraines: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective.—Our objective was to assess the safety, feasibility, and effects of the standardized 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course in adults with migraines. Background.—Stress is a well-known trigger for headaches. Research supports the general benefits of mind/body interventions for migraines, but there are few rigorous studies supporting the use of specific standardized interventions. MBSR is a standardized 8-week mind/body intervention that teaches mindfulness meditation/yoga. Preliminary research has shown MBSR to be effective for chronic pain syndromes, but it has not been evaluated for migraines. Methods.—We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 19 episodic migraineurs randomized to either MBSR (n = 10) or usual care (n = 9). Our primary outcome was change in migraine frequency from baseline to initial follow-up. Secondary outcomes included change in headache severity, duration, self-efficacy, perceived stress, migraine-related disability/impact, anxiety, depression, mindfulness, and quality of life from baseline to initial follow-up. Results.—MBSR was safe (no adverse events), with 0% dropout and excellent adherence (daily meditation average: 34 ± 11 minutes, range 16-50 minutes/day). Median class attendance from 9 classes (including retreat day) was 8 (range [3, 9]); average class attendance was 6.7 ± 2.5. MBSR participants had 1.4 fewer migraines/month (MBSR: 3.5 to 1.0 vs control: 1.2 to 0 migraines/month, 95% confidence interval CI [−4.6, 1.8],P = .38), an effect that did not reach statistical significance in this pilot sample. Headaches were less severe, although not significantly so (−1.3 points/headache on 0-10 scale, [−2.3, 0.09],P = .053) and shorter (−2.9 hours/headache, [−4.6, −0.02], P = .043) vs control. Migraine Disability Assessment and Headache Impact Test-6 dropped in MBSR vs control (−12.6, [−22.0, −1.0], P = .017 and −4.8, [−11.0, −1.0], P = .043, respectively). Self-efficacy and mindfulness improved in MBSR vs control (13.2 [1.0, 30.0], P = .035 and 13.1 [3.0, 26.0], P = .035 respectively). Conclusions.—MBSR is safe and feasible for adults with migraines. Although the small sample size of this pilot trial did not provide power to detect statistically significant changes in migraine frequency or severity, secondary outcomes demonstrated this intervention had a beneficial effect on headache duration, disability, self-efficacy, and mindfulness. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further evaluate this intervention for adults with migraines. This study was prospectively registered (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01545466).
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with cancer

Purpose To identify predisposing factors, radiologic features, and clinical outcome of posterior reversible leucoencephalopathy (PRES) in children receiving cancer treatment. Methods We identified 11 patients (7 female) who had radiological and clinical features consistent with PRES and were treated for cancer at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between January 1995 and January 2005. Clinical and radiographic data were abstracted from their records. Results The average age at the time of PRES onset was 10.4 years. Primary diagnoses were acute leukemia (n = 8), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 2), and Ewing sarcoma (n = 1). PRES occurred in 8 patients during the induction phase of treatment, and all 11 patients had hypertension (5 chronically). Seizure activity was proximate to cytarabine and tacrolimus administration in three patients and further seizures occurred with re-administration of these medications in two patients. Coagulation and chemistry studies were normal. Concurrent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated T2 signal abnormalities in all 11 patients, restricted diffusion in 4, and hemorrhage in 3. Follow-up MRI showed chronic changes consistent with a previous hemorrhage in three and evidence of prior parenchymal ischemia in one. Three patients developed epilepsy and remain on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Conclusions PRES is an increasingly recognized complication of pediatric cancer treatment. Risk factors for PRES in pediatric cancer patients include hypertension (not necessarily acute), remission induction chemotherapy, and administration of tacrolimus. MR images often show atypical findings, some of which are irreversible. A significant number of patients develop epilepsy despite clinical and radiographic evidence of recovery. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:152–159. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Localization of alveolar surfactant clearance in rabbit lung cells.

Localization of surfactant phospholipid clearance in lung cells was investigated in vivo in rabbits using radiolabeled dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dihexa-decyl-sn-glycero-3-phosph...
BMP signalling in skeletal development, disease and repair

Since the identification in 1988 of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a potent inducer of bone and cartilage formation, BMP superfamily signalling has become one of the most heavily investigated topics in vertebrate skeletal biology. Whereas a large part of this research has focused on the roles of BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7 in the formation and repair of endochondral bone, a large number of BMP superfamily molecules have now been implicated in almost all aspects of bone, cartilage and joint biology. As modulating BMP signalling is currently a major therapeutic target, our rapidly expanding knowledge of how BMP superfamily signalling affects most tissue types of the skeletal system creates enormous potential to translate basic research findings into successful clinical therapies that improve bone mass or quality, ameliorate diseases of skeletal overgrowth, and repair damage to bone and joints. This Review examines the genetic evidence implicating BMP superfamily signalling in vertebrate bone and joint development, discusses a selection of human skeletal disorders associated with altered BMP signalling and summarizes the status of modulating the BMP pathway as a therapeutic target for skeletal trauma and disease.
Aldosterone response to angiotensin blockade in the conscious sodium-depleted rabbit.

SummaryTo evaluate the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the aldosterone response to sodium depletion in the conscious rabbit, angiotensin blockade was achieved with [Sar1, Ala8] angiotensin II and SQ 20881. After infusion of [Sar1, Ala8] angiotensin II (1 μg/kg/min) for 60 min into sodium-depleted animals, PAC was unchanged (33.3 ± 7.4 ng% compared with a control sodium-deplete value of 41.1 ± 8.2 ng%). When the dose was increased to 50 μg/kg/min for an additional 60 min, PAC fell to 15.4 ± 3.7 ng% (P < 0.0125), a value similar to the sodium replete value. In a second group of animals, SQ 20881 was given initially as a 7 mg/kg bolus and followed by an infusion of 60 μg/kg/min for 30 min; PAC fell from a sodium-deplete level of 86.6 ± 21.0 to 63.9 ± 18.2 ng% (P < 0.025). The infusion was extended to 60 min in five of the seven animals and PAC remained significantly reduced (63.3 ± 16.2 ng%, P < 0.01). These studies demonstrate that attenuation of the aldosterone response to sodium depletion occurred...
Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of cefamandole and other cephalosporin compounds.

The pharmacokinetic properties of cefamandole were determined and compared with the properties of other cephalosporin agents. Cefamandole was found to be ~70% bound to protein. The mean peak concentration in serum after intramuscular (im) injection of 1 g of cefamandole was 20 ug/ml at 0.5 hr, whereas the level at 6 hr was 1 pgiml. After intravenous (iv) infusion of 1 g of cefamandole, levels in serum ranged from 68 to 147 dug/ml depending on the period of infusion. At 4 hr after infusion, levels were <1 ml Probenecid elevated serum levels and prolonged excretion. The half-life (tl) of cefamandole after im injection ranged from 1 to 1.5 hr and from 0.45 to 1.2 hr after iv injection. Rates of serum and renal clearance of cefamandole ranged from 210 to 300 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The apparent volume of distribution ranged from 12.4 to 17.9 liters/1.73 m2. Urinary excretion was rapid, with 60% of a dose excreted in the first 2 hr after injection. In 6 hr 90% of a dose was excreted. The pharmacokinetic properties of cefamandole were similar to those of cephalothin and cefoxitin, but the serum t1/2 was shorter than that reported for cefazolin and cefuroxime. Correlation of in vitro studies with pharmacokinetic properties revealed that cefamandole would inhibit most susceptible grampositive and gram-negative bacteria if given by suggested im or iv regimens. The number of cephalosporin antibiotics has increased markedly in the past several years, but most of the agents that have been developed, until recently, did not differ significantly from cephalothin in antibacterial activity. The cephalosporin nucleus (figure 1, p. S39, this issue of the Journal) lends itself to modification. Modification of the structure at position 7 greatly alters the antibacterial activity of the moiety, whereas substitution at position 3 has been shown to alter pharmacokinetic properties. Interaction between substituents at positions 3 and 7 may, however, alter both bacteriologic and pharmacokinetic properties. Recently, a new agent, cefamandole, has been shown to have a broadened spectrum of activity [1]. Although cefamandole is destroyed by a number of the /3-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacilli, it is active against
Gender Role Attitude Malleability in the Context of Divorce and Remarriage: A Longitudinal Growth Curve Perspective

Suggestions from structural symbolic interactionism are that gender role attitudes are malleable—able to change and be redefined over the course of adult development—at the individual-level, particularly in relation to significant experiences. Using longitudinal growth modeling, this study examined how divorce and remarriage affect gender role attitude growth across a 20-year period (N = 1731). Remaining in a first marriage was related to a slight, but significant decline in traditional attitudes. Divorce was associated with a slight acceleration in the decline in traditional attitudes, while remarriage was associated with a slower rate of decline in traditional attitudes. As such, transitions out of the institution and roles of marriage were related to more egalitarian attitudes, but transitions into remarriage were associated with attitudinal shifts similar to those in first marriage. Evidence is also presented related to the possibility that attitudinal shifts toward more egalitarian may precipitate divorce for some. Implications for theoretical refinement are given.
The different faces of thyrotoxicosis.

Hyperthyroidism manifests itself in many ways, but clinical cues and the radioactive iodine uptake test can narrow the diagnosis.
Thromboelastography demonstrates perioperative hypercoagulability in hepato-pancreato-biliary patients and supports routine administration of preoperative and early postoperative venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis.

Abstract Background We hypothesized hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery patients are more likely to be hypercoagulable than hypocoagulable, and that bleeding risks from VTE chemoprophylaxis are low. This study sought to use thromboelastography (TEG) to compare coagulation profiles with bleeding/thrombotic events in HPB patients receiving standardized perioperative chemoprophylaxis. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing HPB resections by three surgeons at one institution (January 2014–December 2015) received preoperative and early postoperative VTE chemoprophylaxis and were evaluated with TEGs. Coagulation profiles were compared to bleeding/thrombotic events. Results Of 87 total patients, 83 (95.4%) received preoperative chemoprophylaxis and 100% received it postoperatively. Median estimated blood loss was 190 ml. Only 2 (2.3%) patients received intraoperative transfusions. None required transfusions at 72-hours. Only 2 were transfused within 30 days. There was 1 (1.1%) 30-day VTE event. Of 83 preoperative TEGs, 29 (34.9%) were hypercoagulable and only 8 (9.6%) were hypocoagulable/fibrinolytic. Of 73 postoperative TEGs, 34 (46.6%) were hypercoagulable and just 8 (11.0%) were hypocoagulable/fibrinolytic. . Conclusion With routine perioperative chemoprophylaxis, both VTE and bleeding events were negligible. Perioperative TEG revealed a considerable proportion (46.6%) of HPB patients were hypercoagulable. HPB patients can receive standardized preoperative/early postoperative VTE chemoprophylaxis with effective results and minimal concern for perioperative hemorrhage.
The Highest Level of Editor's Life:Wholehearted in Edit

The three levels of editor's life are discussed.The first level is for a living.The editors of this level take the career as a means of livelihood.The second level is for creation.Editors of this level taking the pursuit of quality of spiritual life and continuous occupational innovation as survival purposes.The third level of editor's life,which is focused on,is wholehearted in edit.The editors of this level have the ethics of the backbone editors and editorial scholars;they focus on creating the spiritual realm;they seeking the perfect unity of soul and professional.This is the highest level of editor's life.The track of editor's professional ethics could be realized from the three levels of editor's life.
Abstract B55: Distinct health behavior and psychosocial profiles of young adult cancer survivors: A mixed methods study

Background: Young adult cancer survivors do not respond similarly to the experience of cancer. Thus, we investigated health behavior profiles of young adult cancer survivors and characterize associated sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey assessed sociodemographics, cancer treatment, health behaviors (e.g., alcohol use, tobacco use, physical activity [PA]), healthcare provider interaction, and psychosocial factors for 106 participants from a southeastern cancer center. In-depth semi-structured interviews with a sub-sample of 26 participants were conducted. Results: For the quantitative study, participants were 22.13 (SD=3.18) years old; 51.0% (n=53) male; and 78.8% (n=82) White. They had the following diagnoses: Hodgkin9s lymphoma (23.1%); non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma (8.7%); Burkitt9s lymphoma (3.8%); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (16.3%); acute myelogenous leukemia (2.9%); blastoma (5.8%); sarcoma (10.6%); thyroid cancer (9.6%); and other (19.2%). Average time since diagnosis was 8.42 (SD=5.73) years. A k-means cluster analysis indicated three distinct clusters based on health behavior profiles that corresponded to high, moderate, and low risk behaviors. The clusters differed significantly in relation to current alcohol use, binge drinking, tobacco use, marijuana use, PA, and number of sex partners (p9s Conclusions: Greater efforts should be made by providers to routinely and systematically examine substance use, PA, and nutrition as well as mental health and social support among this population. In addition, disseminable and cost-effective programs to support providers in doing so are needed. Citation Format: Carla J. Berg, Kincaid Lowe, Cam Escoffery, Ann Mertens. Distinct health behavior and psychosocial profiles of young adult cancer survivors: A mixed methods study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B55.
Closure of Portfolio Theory: Applications in Construction

Originally published in Journal of the Construction Division , Vol. 104, No. 3, September 1978, pg. 363
Thermometry with optomechanical cavities

The thermally-driven motion of a nanomechanical resonator may be employed as an absolute thermometer. We experimentally measure radiation pressure shot noise induced quantum correlations to absolutely calibrate the motional signal transduced onto an optical probe.
Neural-Network-Biased Genetic Algorithms for Materials Design: Evolutionary Algorithms That Learn.

Machine learning has the potential to dramatically accelerate high-throughput approaches to materials design, as demonstrated by successes in biomolecular design and hard materials design. However, in the search for new soft materials exhibiting properties and performance beyond those previously achieved, machine learning approaches are frequently limited by two shortcomings. First, because they are intrinsically interpolative, they are better suited to the optimization of properties within the known range of accessible behavior than to the discovery of new materials with extremal behavior. Second, they require large pre-existing data sets, which are frequently unavailable and prohibitively expensive to produce. Here we describe a new strategy, the neural-network-biased genetic algorithm (NBGA), for combining genetic algorithms, machine learning, and high-throughput computation or experiment to discover materials with extremal properties in the absence of pre-existing data. Within this strategy, predictio...
ASCO 2014: High prevalence of FLT-3 ITD mutations in patients (pts) with AML who present with CNS relapse.

7074 Background: Despite CR rates of 70% with modern chemotherapeutic regimens, most pts with AML relapse. CNS relapses have become uncommon with the use of high-dose cytarabine based regimens. The...
The 12C(n,n′)3α Cross Section up to 60 MeV

The results of an experiment to measure the 12C(n,n′)3α reaction in nuclear emulsions up to 35 MeV were reanalyzed, with various corrections made using a previously validated nuclear reaction model...
A microbiome variable in the HIV-prevention equation.

The healthy vaginal microbiota is typically characterized by the predominance of Lactobacillus species (including L. crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri , and L. iners ). These bacteria are thought to protect against pathogens through a variety of mechanisms, including competitive inhibition, secretion of bacteriocins (substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria), and the production of lactic acid, which lowers the vaginal pH and has immunomodulatory effects ( 1 ). Consequently, vaginal dysbiosis is currently defined by the presence of polymicrobial bacterial populations with reduced or absent lactobacilli. This low-lactobacillus state characterizes bacterial vaginosis, a clinical condition that is a common cause of vaginal symptoms in reproductive-aged women ( 2 ). Decreased bacterial diversity in the gut has been linked to a number of pathologic conditions ( 3 ), whereas increased vaginal bacterial diversity has been associated with a variety of poor patient outcomes including preterm birth and the acquisition and spread of sexually transmitted infections ( 4 , 5 ). On page 938 of this issue, Klatt et al. ( 6 ) add to this list a decrease in the efficacy of the vaginal antiretroviral gel tenofovir to prevent HIV acquisition.
Structure, Electronics and Reactivity of Ce(PNP) Complexes

Synthetic methods for the coordination of the monoanionic bis[2-(diisopropylphosphino)-4-methylphenyl]amido (PNP) ligand framework to the cerium(III) cation have been developed and applied for the isolation of a series of {(PNP)Ce} and {(PNP)2Ce} type complexes. The structures of the complexes were studied by X-ray diffraction and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. We found that the cerium(III) ion can induce the elimination of one of the iPr groups at phosphorus to yield a new dianionic PNP tridentate framework (PNP-iPr) featuring a phosphido-donor functionality, which is bound to the cerium ion with the shortest known Ce−P bond of 2.7884(14) A for molecular compounds. The reaction of the complex [(PNP)Ce{N(SiMe3)2}2] (1) with Ph2CO gave the Ce-bound product of C−C coupling, -N(SiMe3)SiMe2CH2-CPh2O−, through the C−H bond activation of a SiMe3 group. 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to estimate the presence of a vacant coordination position at the cerium ion in the CeIII–PNP complexes by the examination of the δ(31P) shift recorded both in non-polar (C6D6) and polar ([D8]THF) solvents. Moreover, 31P NMR spectroscopy was also found to be a useful tool for the estimation of the Ce−P bond distances in {(PNP)CeIII} and {(PNP)2CeIII} systems. Electrochemical and computational studies for 1 and its lanthanum analogue containing a redox-innocent metal center revealed the stabilization of the CeIII oxidation state by the PNP ligand.
L’éducation des patients présentant des lipohypertrophies a-t-elle un impact sur l’équilibre glycémique ?

Resume Les patients traites par insuline n’appliquent pas toujours une methode optimale. Consequence d’une technique d’injection incorrecte, la lipohypertrophie (LH) mene a une alteration du tissu sous-cutane et a une perturbation du controle glycemique. En France, une enquete recente a montre que des LH sont presentes chez 49,6% des patients traites par insuline. De nouvelles recommandations pour optimiser l’administration d’insuline ont ete publiees recemment. Les recommandations soulignent que le meilleur moyen de preserver le tissu sous-cutane sain est de realiser une rotation correcte des sites d’injection. Deux etudes recentes ont montre qu’une education ciblee sur les LH est associee a une amelioration du controle glycemique et a une reduction de la consommation d’insuline. Les elements cles de cette intervention reposent principalement sur la rotation correcte des sites d’injection (en utilisant une aiguille de 4 mm) et la non-reutilisation des aiguilles.
Identifying and Predicting Effective Leader Practices: Examining Principal Experience and Prior Roles

The importance of leadership in schools is substantiated, and we know that effective leaders call upon certain practices to influence student achievement. What remains less clear is how the profess...
Understanding the role of Gender Relations in Radicalising and Recruiting Young Muslim Women in Higher Learning Institutions in Kenya

The radicalisation and recruitment of young educated Muslim women is a sensitive and global phenomenon, which is also a major social and security concern within learning institutions. Young Muslims women in higher learning institutions in Kenya have become easy targets for recruitment by violent extremist organisations such as Al-Shabaab and the Islamic States of Iraq and Syria. This is because learning institutions have been identified by these extremist groups as sites of recruitment due to their transitionary, permissive, biographical, secular and socialization space. The presence of radicalised young educated Muslim women is a proof that there is a shifting profile of extremists from focusing on the illiterate to the literate and from male to female recruits. The purpose of this article is to explain why young women at learning institutions are targeted for recruitment by violent extremist groups. It argues that young Muslim women are vulnerable to radicalization and recruitment in higher learning institutions because the recruiters take advantage of their lower level of religious literacy and use patriarchal constructs in their recruitment narrative by manipulating marriage as a Utopian promise to lure young women. Keywords : Violent extremism, Gender, Kenya, Higher learning institutions, Recruitment Fatuma A. Ali Associate Professor, United States International University-Africa, E-mail: fmali@usiu.ac.ke
Vestibular adaptation studied with a prosthetic semicircular canal

We have developed and tested a prosthetic semicircular canal that senses angular head velocity and uses this information to modulate the rate of current pulses applied to the vestibular nerve via a stimulating electrode. In one squirrel monkey, the lateral canals were plugged bilaterally and the prosthesis was secured to the animal's head with the angular velocity sensor parallel to the axis of the lateral canals. In the first experiment, the stimulating electrode was placed near the ampullary nerve of one lateral canal. Over a period of two weeks, the gain of the horizontal VOR during yaw axis rotation gradually increased, although the response magnitude remained relatively small. In the second experiment, the stimulating electrode was placed near the ampullary nerve of the posterior canal, but the orientation of the velocity sensor remained parallel to the axis of the lateral canals. Over a one-week period, the axis of the VOR response gradually shifted towards alignment with the (yaw) axis of head rotation. Chronic patterned stimulation of the eighth nerve can therefore provide adequate information to the brain to generate a measurable VOR response, and this can occur even if the prosthetic yaw rotation cue is provided via a branch of the VIIIth nerve that doesn't normally carry yaw rotational cues. The results provided by this pilot study suggest that it may be feasible to study central adaptation by chronically modifying the afferent vestibular cue with a prosthetic semicircular canal.
Atomic Clusters in the Gas Phase

Atomic clusters are systems represented by the simple chemical symbol A N , where A is the identity of the atom and N is the number of atoms constituting the cluster. They are related on one front (small N) to the variegated atoms and homonuclear diatomics, on another front to bulk elemental solids and liquids, and on yet another to the behavior of interfaces, since a high fraction of their atoms must be at the cluster surface.
The Impact of a Standardized Checklist on Transition of Care During Emergency Department Resident Physician Change of Shift.

Author(s): Milano, Alyssa; Stankewicz, Holly; Stoltzfus, Jill; Salen, Philip | Abstract: Introduction: Transitions of patient care during physicians’ change of shift introduce the potential for critical information to be missed or distorted, resulting in possible morbidity. The Joint Commission, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, and the Society of Hospital Medicine jointly encourage a structured format for patient care sign-out. This study’s objective was to examine the impact of a standardized checklist on the quality of emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians’ patient-care transition at shift change.Methods: Investigators developed a standardized sign-out checklist for EM residents to complete prior to sign out. This checklist included topics of diagnoses, patient-care tasks to do, patient disposition, admission team, and patient code status. Two EM attending physicians, the incoming and departing, assessed the quality of transitions of care at this shift change using a standardized assessment form. This form also assessed overall quality of sign-out using a visual analog scale (VAS), based on a 10-centimeter scale. For two months, we collected initial, status quo data (pre-checklist [PCL] cohort) followed by two months of residents using the checklist (post-checklist [CL] cohort).Results: We collected data for 77 days (July 1, 2015 – November 11, 2015), 38 days of status quo sign-out followed by 39 days of checklist utilization, comprised of 1,245 attending assessments. Global assessment of sign-out for the CL was 8 compared to 7.5 for the PCL. Aspects of transition of care that implementation of the sign-out checklist impacted included the following (reported as a frequency): “To Do” (PCL 84.3%, CL 97.8%); “Disposition” (PCL 97.2%, CL 99.4%); “Admit Team” (67.1%, CL 76.2%); and “Attending Add” (PCL 23.4%, CL 11.3%).Conclusion: Implementation of a sign-out checklist enhanced EM resident physician transition of care at shift end by increasing the frequency of discussion of critical tasks remaining for patient care, disposition status, and subjective assessment of quality of sign-out.
Teacher-researcher collaboration from two perspectives

How can qualitative research in education incorporate the voices of both the researched and the researcher? In this article, coauthors Polly Ulichny, a researcher, and Wendy Schoener, a teacher, respond to this question. In alternating sections throughout the article, they present two distinct interpretations of the teaching and learning that occurred in adult English as a Second Language classroom and of their developing relationship as collaborators. Together, Ulichny and Schoener come to realize that interdependence extends beyond agreeing on a research focus to include mutual collaboration in all phases of a research project.
Children’s Dietary Quality and Micronutrient Adequacy by Food Security in the Household and among Household Children

Children’s food-security status has been described largely based on either the classification of food security in the household or among household children, but few studies have investigated the relationship between food security among household children and overall dietary quality. Our goal was to examine children’s dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy by food-security classification for the household and among household children. Data from 5540 children (2–17 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were analyzed. Food-security status was assessed using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module and categorized into high, marginal, low, and very low food security for the households and among household children. Dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy were characterized by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR; based on total nutrient intakes from diet and dietary supplements), respectively. The HEI 2015 scores did not substantially vary by either food-security classification, but the MAR was greater in high compared to very low food security in households and among household children; a linear relationship was found only among household children. In general, very good agreement was observed between the classifications, but the strength of agreement differed by children’s age, race/Hispanic origin, and family income. In conclusion, micronutrient adequacy, but not dietary quality, significantly differed by food-security status. While the agreement between food security in the household and among household children is very good, classification of food security among household children may be more sensitive to detecting differences in exposure to nutrients.
Middle class timelines: Ethnic humor and sexual modernity in Delhi

The rise of India's global economy has reinforced a perception of English as a language of sexual modernity within the expanding middle classes. This article explores this perception in the multilingual humor of Hindi-speaking Delhi youth marginalized for sexual and gender difference. Their joking routines feature the Sikh Sardarji, a longstanding ethnic figure often caricatured as circulating in modernity but lacking the English competence to understand modernity's semiotics. Reflective of the economic restructuring that ushered in the millennium, the humor supports a normative progress narrative that prioritizes an ethnically unmarked urban middle class. At the same time, the lesbian, bisexual, and transgender youth who tell these jokes—still criminalized under Section 377 when this fieldwork was conducted—shift this narrative by positioning sexual knowledge at modernity's forefront. The analysis reveals how sexual modernity—here viewed as constituted in everyday interaction through competing configurations of place, time, and personhood—relies on normativity even while defining itself against it. (Chronotope, ethnic humor, formulaic jokes, globalization, Hindi-English, Hinglish, media, middle class, normativity, sexual modernity, temporality)*
Tuning Molecular Vibrational Energy Flow within an Aromatic Scaffold via Anharmonic Coupling.

From guiding chemical reactivity in synthesis or protein folding to the design of energy diodes, intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution harnesses the power to influence the underlying fun...
Simulated annealing approach to minimise total weighted tardiness of non-identical parallel batch processing machines

A variety of industries use batch processing machines (BPMs) that can process multiple jobs simultaneously per machine. This research considers the scheduling of multiple jobs onto non-identical parallel BPMs while minimising the total weighted tardiness. The problem under study is NP-hard and solving it to optimality using a commercial solver requires long run times when the size of the problem increases. A simulated annealing (SA) approach is proposed to find good solutions for large problem instances within short run times. The results obtained are compared to two metaheuristics, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), proposed in the literature and a commercial solver (CPLEX). An experimental study is conducted to evaluate the different solution approaches on a set of problem instances. Based on results, the authors conclude that SA is highly effective in solving large problem instances within reasonable run times when compared to CPLEX, PSO and DE.
Failing to protect: a historical analysis of The Employment Nondiscrimination Act

As of October 2019, it is legal for employers to fire a worker if they identify as LGBT. The Employment Nondiscrimination Act (ENDA) was a proposed bill that would have prohibited LGBT discriminati...
Evaluating the Effects of Enhanced Recovery Pathways in Craniosynostosis: National Trends in Hospitalization Charges and Length of Stay in Craniosynostosis Surgery.

BACKGROUND Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways are multimodal approaches aimed at minimizing postoperative surgical stress, reducing hospitalization time, and lowering hospitalization charges. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery is broadly and increasingly implemented in hospitals across the country. Early reports have shown ERAS to reduce length of stay (LOS) after commonly performed pediatric surgeries. However, LOS and hospital charges after craniosynostosis have not been studied. We hypothesized that extended hospital LOS is correlated with increased hospitalization charges associated with open cranial vault surgery (CVS) and that over a multiyear timeframe, LOS and cost would decrease because of the increased adoption of ERAS in pediatric surgery. METHODS The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample database was analyzed from January 2007 to December 2014. All patients who were diagnosed with craniosynostosis who underwent CVS were included. Variables of interest included demographic data, hospital characteristics, hospitalization data, and total hospital charges. Univariate and generalized linear regression models were used to examine associations between selected variables and the hospitalization charges. RESULTS There were 54,583 patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis between 2007 and 2014. Of these patients, 22,916 (41.9%) received CVS. The median total hospital charge was $66,605.77 (interquartile range, $44,095.60-$101,071.17). The median LOS was 3 days (interquartile range, 2-4 days), and there was no significant change in LOS by year (P = 0.979). However, despite a stable LOS, mean hospitalization charge increased significantly by year (P < 0.01). Regression analysis demonstrated the proportion of eligible patients who underwent CVS substantially increased over the selected timeframe (P < 0.01). Most procedures were performed in urban teaching hospitals and high-volume hospitals. There was no significant association between hospital volume and hospitalization charge (P = 0.331). CONCLUSIONS Increasing hospital charges despite constant LOS for craniosynostosis CVS procedures was observed between 2007 and 2014. Although ERAS has reduced LOS for common pediatric surgical procedures, no decrease in LOS for CVS has been observed. The charges significantly increased over the same period including high-volume centers. Further study to safely lower LOS and hospitalization charges for this procedure may reduce the overall health care burden.
The International Monetary Fund in the Global Economy: Banks, Bonds, and Bailouts

The explosive growth and increasing complexity of global financial markets are defining characteristics of the contemporary world economy. Unfortunately, financial globalization has been accompanied by a marked increase in the frequency and severity of financial crises. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has taken a central role in managing these crises through its loans to developing countries. Despite extensive analysis and criticism of the IMF in recent years, key questions remain unanswered. Why does the Fund treat some countries more generously than others? To what extent is IMF lending driven by political factors rather than economic concerns? In whose interests does the IMF act? In this book, Mark Copelovitch offers novel answers to these questions. Combining statistical analysis with detailed case studies, he demonstrates how the politics and policies of the IMF have evolved over the last three decades in response to fundamental changes in the composition of international capital flows.
Chapter 16 Central sleep apnea

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses central the sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS). CSAS consists of recurrent apneic/hypopneic episodes during sleep with reduction in esophageal pressure without associated upper airway obstruction. Absence or reduction of respiratory effort during sleep results in recurrent arousals, oxygen desaturation, and daytime somnolence. Central sleep apnea may be categorized into three types: hypercapnic, normocapnic, and hypocapnic. Hypercapnic central sleep apnea is part of the sleep hypoventilation syndrome, whereas the normocapnic or hypocapnic types encompass idiopathic CSAS, Cheyne–Stokes breathing (CSB), and high-altitude sleep apnea. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Taskforce has listed the following diagnostic characteristics for idiopathic central sleep apnea: excessive daytime sleepiness or frequent nocturnal arousal/awakenings unexplained by other factors, ≥5 central apneas plus hypopneas per hour of sleep, and normocarbia while awake. Respiration is controlled by two independent and distinct systems located in the central nervous system: a behavioral system that is under cortical and forebrain control, and an automatic, metabolic-dependent system that is under brainstem control.
The Typology of Parts of Speech Systems: The Markedness of Adjectives

Most current linguistic theories -- whose main proponents are speakers of and researchers in European languages -- are modeled on languages with parts of speech systems organized into the three major classes of verb, noun, and adjective. Cross-linguistic investigation shows that not all languages fit this pattern: while nouns and verbs appear to be essentially universal, languages that have few or no adjectives are a typological commonplace. This implies that there is something marked about the adjectival class that must be accounted for by any credible attempt to define the three major lexical classes. In order to account for the markedness of adjectives, this dissertation argues that parts of speech must be defined by combining the criteria of syntactic markedness and semantic prototypicality. The former characterizes lexical classes in terms of unmarked syntactic roles, the latter in terms of prototypical semantic content. Nouns can be defined as the expressions of semantic NAMEs which are unmarked syntactic actants, verbs as the expressions of semantic predicates which are unmarked modifiers. Because syntactically modification is an inversion of the underlying semantic predicate-argument configuration, the role of modifier is a non-iconic one, motivating the cross-linguistic markedness of the adjectival class. Taking as a starting point a four-member typology of parts of speech systems current in the literature, this dissertation shows that such a system is easily generated by free recombination of the two criterial features, one syntactic and the other semantic, that constitute our definitions of lexical classes. However, examination of five languages and language groups -- Salishan, Cora, Quechua, Upper Necaxa Totonac, and Hausa -- casts doubt on the existence of one of the four possible language types, the noun-adjective conflating inventory. This can be accounted for by replacing the free recombination of semantic and syntactic features with an algorithm for the subdivision of the lexical inventory that gives primacy to semantics over syntax. The result is a sufficiently constrained theory of typological variation in parts of speech systems based on rigorous and criterial definitions of each of the three major lexical classes.
Cell-cell adhesion in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Three separate mechanisms of cell-cell adhesion have been shown to appear at different stages of development in Dictyostelium discoideum. During the first few hours of development, the cells synthesize and accumulate a glycoprotein of 24,000 daltons (gp24) that is positioned in the membrane. The time of appearance of gp24 correlates exactly with the time of appearance of cell-cell adhesion in two strains in which temporal control varies by several hours. Antibodies specific to gp24 are able to block cell-cell adhesion during the first few hours of development but not during later development. By 8 hr of development, another glycoprotein, gp80, that is not recognized by antibodies to gp24 accumulates on the surface of cells. This membrane protein mediates an independent adhesion mechanism during the aggregation stage that is resistant to 10 mM EDTA. Antibodies specific to gp80 can block EDTA-resistant adhesion during this stage. During subsequent development, gp80 is removed from the cell surface and replaced by another adhesion mechanism that is insensitive to antibodies to either gp24 or gp80. A λgtll expression vector carrying a Dictyostelium cDNA insert was isolated that directs the synthesis of a fusion protein recognized by antibodies specific to gp24. This cDNA was used to probe a genomic library. A clone carrying a 1.4-kb insert of genomic DNA was recognized by the cDNA and shown to hybridize to a 0.7-kb mRNA that accumulates early in development. This unusually small RNA could code for the small protein, gp24. Southern analysis of restriction fragments generated by various enzymes on Dictyostelium DNA with both the cDNA and genomic clones indicated the presence of two tandem copies of the gene. This may account for the failure to recover mutations resulting in the lack of gp24. Mutations have been recovered that result in the lack of accumulation of gp80, and cells carrying these mutations have been shown to be missing the second adhesion mechanism. These mutant strains are able to complete development because the other adhesion mechanisms are not impaired. Sequential addition of adhesion mechanisms provides a means for the formation of multicellular organisms from previously solitary cells.
In Vivo Pathogenesis of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reporter Virus

Our understanding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced pathogenesis is hampered by the inability to detect HIV-1 gene expression in infected viable cells. In this report, we describe two HIV-1 reporter constructs that are replication competent and cytopathic in vivo. These constructs contain DNA regions of two different lengths that bear the cDNA for the murine heat-stable antigen in the vpr region of a CXCR4-tropic virus. We used the SCID-hu mouse model and these reporter viruses to perform detailed kinetic studies of HIV-1 infection of human thymocytes in vivo. We document that the CD4+/CD8+ thymocytes are the first to express virus and that this subset demonstrates the most rapid and extensive HIV-1-induced cell depletion. Following depletion of this subset, subsequent virus expression occurs predominantly in phenotypically CD4− cells, suggesting that CD4 down-regulation occurs in HIV-1-infected thymocytes in vivo. These results demonstrate the utility of these HIV-1 reporter constructs to monitor HIV pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo.