cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utility of the CO2 laser in the microsurgical resection of cavernous malformations.

Objective The CO 2 laser has a long record of use in neurosurgery. However, its utility has been limited by its bulky design and the challenge of using it with the operating microscope. With the development of the OmniGuide fiber, a technology that delivers the beam through flexible hollow-core photonic bandgap mirrors, the laser can now be held and used with greater ease and accuracy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained database to assess the utility of the laser in 23 consecutive patients (10 male, 13 female; mean age, 40.8 years; range, 9-64 years) with a cavernous malformation treated by the senior author (R.F.S.). Results Four lesions were located in noneloquent areas, 13 were in the brain stem, four were in the spinal cord, and two were in the thalamus. The usefulness of the laser was rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 defined as "extremely helpful." The mean utility score was 3.5 ± 0.94 (range, 2-5). The laser was judged most useful in creating cortisectomies in eloquent areas and in "shrinking" cavernous malformations away from adjacent hemosiderin-stained tissue. The laser was ineffective against calcification and in obtaining hemostasis. Conclusions The CO 2 laser is a useful addition to the neurosurgical armamentarium for treating lesions in the brainstem, thalamus, and spinal cord. Its primary utility lies in its ability to create focused cortisectomies safely and to shrink cavernous malformations away from eloquent hemosiderin-stained brain.
Role of intraarterial therapy for cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for a significant percentage of morbidity and mortality among patients admitted to neurosurgical centers throughout the world. Even for individuals surviving beyond the initial presentation and intervention for aneurysmal SAH, the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm has the potential to induce a second tier of complications that can be just as devastating as the inciting event. However, despite numerous studies and some initial advancements in management, therapeutic modalities are limited to help prevent or treat this complex entity. Historically, the mainstay of treatment for cerebral vasospasm has been a combination of hypervolemia, hemodilution, and hypertension. In addition, other systemic therapies such as oral nimodipine, statins, and intravenous magnesium, as well as intensive glucose control, appear to have some promise, although they are limited at times by adverse effects. To avoid these adverse consequences and perhaps gain some modicum of efficacy, attempts have been made to use endovascular techniques to physically dilate vessels or to administer drugs directly to the site of action and thus avoid many of the untoward effects of systemic pharmacotherapy. Controversy still remains over the success of intraarterial therapy, the drugs or techniques to be used, and the best timing of this therapy. Based on the currently available literature, it is impossible to assess the most effective intraarterial therapy. Randomized controlled trials that can control for baseline factors and technical expertise are needed to provide more conclusive data. Clinical pharmacists should be actively involved in assisting interventional radiologists and neurosurgeons in providing safe and appropriate pharmacotherapy in this promising but controversial arena of intraarterial drug delivery.
Rb regulates proliferation and rod photoreceptor development in the mouse retina

The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) regulates proliferation, cell fate specification and differentiation in the developing central nervous system (CNS), but the role of Rb in the developing mouse retina has not been studied, because Rb-deficient embryos die before the retinas are fully formed. We combined several genetic approaches to explore the role of Rb in the mouse retina. During postnatal development, Rb is expressed in proliferating retinal progenitor cells and differentiating rod photoreceptors. In the absence of Rb, progenitor cells continue to divide, and rods do not mature. To determine whether Rb functions in these processes in a cell-autonomous manner, we used a replication-incompetent retrovirus encoding Cre recombinase to inactivate the Rb1(lox) allele in individual retinal progenitor cells in vivo. Combined with data from studies of conditional inactivation of Rb1 using a combination of Cre transgenic mouse lines, these results show that Rb is required in a cell-autonomous manner for appropriate exit from the cell cycle of retinal progenitor cells and for rod development.
Modeling of the ballistic behavior of gradient design composite armors

Abstract The application of gradient design concept in armors offers possibilities in the reduction of weight and cost without significant reduction of ballistic resistance. Experimental results of composite backed plates consisting of layers of ceramic spheres embedded in epoxy showed that a ballistic limit of 3000 ft/s (1000 m/s) can be achieved, as shown in Fig. 1 , without weight penalty compared to solid ceramic tiles. The ceramic sphere facing also provides the feasibility for flexible armor manufacturing. The design of such materials includes a plethora of parameters. In order to develop a precise methodology for the optimization of gradient design composite armors, an improved understanding of the relative significance of the design parameters must be developed. One way to study the relative significance of these parameters is through computational modeling. Computational limitations impose compromises in the modeling of both geometry and material behavior. Two types of models are discussed: (a) an approximate fiber/epoxy two-phase model for the backing; and (b) a damage-based, rate-dependent model for the ceramic spheres embedded in the epoxy. The development of a library of fiber architectures based on the unit cell has been initiated, which will open the possibility of the structural optimization along with simulation of the high velocity impact phenomena of advanced composites.
Effects of thyroxine and the pattern of food intake on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase☆

Abstract The stimulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase by thyroxine and by alterations in the pattern of food intake have been investigated. The thyroxine effect, which can be detected in as little an 6 hr., requires that food be available, and can be reversed by discontinuing the administration of thyroxine. Evidence is presented that the food intake pattern, not the quantity of food eaten, influences the activities of the two dehydrogenases. Data arc presented which indicate that thyroxine and the eating pattern, although having similar effects, actually act in different ways.
A planar comparison of actuators for vibration control of flexible structures

The methods and results of an analytical study comparing the effectiveness of four actuators in damping the vibrations of a planar clamped-free beam are presented. The actuators studied are two inertia-type actuators, the proof mass and reaction wheel, and two variable geometry trusses, the planar truss and the planar truss proof mass (a combination variable geometry truss/inertia-type actuator). Actuator parameters used in the models were chosen based on the results of a parametric study. A full-state, LQR optimal feedback control law was used for control in each system. Numerical simulations of each beam/actuator system were performed in response to initial condition inputs. These simulations provided information such as time response of the closed-loop system and damping provided to the beam. This information can be used to determine the 'best' actuator for a given purpose.
Review: Lorazepam provides the best control for status epilepticus.

Source Citation Prasad K, Al-Roomi K, Krishnan P, Sequeira R. Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD003723. 16235337
Reconstructive Surgery of Pressure Ulcers Around the Pelvic Region

Pressure ulcers are a significant hazard in the bedridden, spine-injured, and neuromuscular-disease population. Prevention remains the primary goal in the management of this difficult problem. Patient education and compliance coupled with a medical team approach can reduce the occurrence of pressure ulcers significantly. Surgical guidelines include appropriate patient selection, adequate debridement and soft tissue coverage, and use of flaps that will not limit future reconstructions should the pressure ulcer(s) recur. Postoperatively, a strict protocol should be adapted to ensure the success of the flap procedure. Several myocutaneous flaps commonly used for the surgical management of pressure are discussed.
Pedology in Europe and Developmental Psychology in Ukraine

An educational movement defined as pedology emerged in Europe prior to the First World War. Its stated purpose was the scientific study of children. The movement attracted well-known pioneers of developmental psychology of that time e.g. A. Binet, V. Bekhtiarev, G.S. Hall. Interest in pedology manifested itself considerably within the emerging Soviet psychology of the 1920s. Such world-renowned psychologists as L.S. Vygotsky and A.R. Luria were supporters of pedology. This paper discusses European pedology and developmental psychology in Ukraine during the period of a profound struggle between scholars and party functionaries (apparatchics). The problem has been complicated by the nationalities question in the former Soviet Union.
Taming the tiger: teaching the next version of Java

The next version of the Java language (Software Development Kit 1.5) will include generics, an enhanced for loop, boxing and unboxing of primitive types, typesafe enumerated types, static import, variable arguments, and metadata. This new version is a significant change of the language itself, adding many features that will impact the use of Java in computer science curricula. Fortunately, this new version provides several features that instructors have wanted in the language from its beginning.
Use of evaluative devices by youth for sense-making of culturally diverse interpersonal interactions

Abstract Building upon recent research that defines psychological development as a continuous process of sense-making situated within a cultural and historical context, this paper explores how culturally diverse youth growing up in New York City use evaluative language to enact relational complexity as they make sense of technologically mediated interpersonal interactions with their peers. Forty-four individuals (ages 15–20) participated in a quasi-experimental research workshop that engaged them in the process of sense-making by asking them to write projective narratives toward a vignette depicting text-massage mediated interpersonal interaction embedded among monocultural and bicultural group of peers. Data analyses focus on evaluative devices used by youth and manifest the relational flexibility of sense-making by immigrant youth and their U.S. born peers across diverse relational dimensions. Results suggest that immigrant youth are able to coordinate diverse ways of interpreting interpersonal interactions across relational dimensions, manifest by varied use of logical/hypothetical, causal and affective evaluative devices. In contrast U.S. born youth largely use same frequency of evaluative devices across two relational dimensions. Statistical analysis highlights the use of affect in projective narratives by exploring a discursive learning hypothesis: that higher use of emotions in the process of sense-making by U.S. born youth gradually scaffolds the use of emotions in narrative by immigrant youth.
Processing and reuse of municipal waste for energy production

Abstract Municipal waste can be an early energy source to supplement fossil fuels. The total amount of waste available, although apparently large from the viewpoint of those who have to dispose of it, can contribute a small, but immediate amount of energy to national inventories. The rate of growth of this industry is hampered by insufficient understanding of the amount of waste available for processing, the efficiency of conversion, the application of simple technologies (such as sieving), and the management of risk. Nonetheless, the rate of implementation in the United States can be determined and projected and is shown to be slightly larger than projections of a few years ago.
Comparative study of water sorption, solubility, and tensile bond strength of two soft lining materials

Abstract Statement of problem. Two soft denture lining materials with distinct chemical compositions were evaluated to determine whether these compositional variations manifest themselves in property differences. Purpose. This study evaluated and compared the water sorption, solubility, and tensile bond strength of a recently introduced silicone-based soft liner (Luci-sof) and a plasticized acrylic resin soft liner (Permasoft) using 2 processing techniques, laboratory-processed and autopolymerized at chairside, for the latter. Material and methods. For water sorption and solubility testing, 24 disks (45 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness) were prepared for each group, stored in distilled water at 37°C, and tested after 1, 4, and 6 weeks. The disks used for the first week were again tested after 4 and 6 weeks of continuous storage. Their weight was recorded and sorption and solubility were calculated using 2 methods. Two PMMA cylinders (25 mm in diameter, 25 mm in length), joined together by the soft liner, were used to determine the bond strength in tension at a loading rate of 2 mm/min after 48 hours and 12 weeks aging in distilled water. Results. Permasoft had higher solubility (1.50% ± 0.20% laboratory-processed and 1.42% ± 0.16% autopolymerized at chairside) and sorption (2.45% ± 0.36% laboratory-processed and 1.76% ± 0.08% autopolymerized at chairside) than Luci-sof (0.17% ± 0.09% solubility and 0.41% ± 0.17% sorption) after 6 weeks of aging. For tensile bond strength, there was no significant difference between each respective control and the 12-week bond strength for each material. However, Luci-sof (1.16 ± 0.27 MPa) had a significantly higher tensile bond strength than Permasoft (0.50 ± 0.18 MPa laboratory-processed and 0.44 ± 0.09 MPa autopolymerized at chairside). Conclusion. On the basis of lower water sorption and solubility and higher tensile bond strength, Luci-sof may provide better clinical success. (J Prosthet Dent 2000;83:356-61.)
Burst activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons is elicited by sensory stimuli in the awake cat

In light of evidence implicating dopamine in the pathophysiology of attention deficit disorder and schizophrenia, diseases involving attentional or sensory processing abnormalities, it was of interest to determine whether and how dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area respond to sensory stimuli. The single-unit responses of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons were recorded in freely-moving cats during the presentation of brief, non-conditioned auditory and visual stimuli. Both auditory and visual stimuli produced neuronal excitation, involving a greater than 5-fold increase in the probability of burst firing followed by a period of burst inhibition. The burst nature of the single-unit response suggests that sensory-induced dopamine release at target sites was disproportionally large relative to the discharge frequency. While characteristics of the dopaminergic sensory response were similar for auditory and visual stimuli, the response latency was longer for visual stimuli. The results demonstrate that dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, the site of origin for mesolimbocortical dopamine neurons, are reliably activated by non-conditioned auditory and visual stimuli.
Comparison of calcium kinetics in man and the rat

The disappearance from the blood of intravenously-injected radiocalcium in man and the rat can be formally described by a two-termed exponential equation, which may be thought to have been generated by a two-compartment system in dynamic equilibrium with the environment. This paper reports an evaluation and comparison of the rate constants of such a system. In people over the age of 16, the mean system constant was 0.239 day−1 (SE: 0.009) and the mean skeletal constant was 0.148 (SE: 0.008). The corresponding constants were 0.496 day−1 (SE: 0.023) and 0.428 (SE: 0.019) for 4-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats and 0.744 (SE: 0.038) and 0.351 (SE: 0.021) for 10-month-old rats. All of the constants of the rats were significantly higher than those of man. There were no significant changes in man after the age of 16 years, whereas in the rat these constants changed with age. Differences in the constants can be explained by known differences in calcium metabolism and in the growth rates of the two species. Hence, a formal comparison of calcium kinetics in man and the rat yields information consistent with the interpretation that the two systems are comparable. Rate constants may prove useful for interspecies comparisons, as well as for studies of the regulation of calcium metabolism.
Distinctive emotional responses of clinicians to suicide-attempting patients - a comparative study

Clinician responses to patients have been recognized as an important factor in treatment outcome. Clinician responses to suicidal patients have received little attention in the literature however, and no quantitative studies have been published. Further, although patients with high versus low lethality suicidal behaviors have been speculated to represent two distinct populations, clinicians’ emotional responses to them have not been examined. Clinicians’ responses to their patients when last seeing them prior to patients’ suicide attempt or death were assessed retrospectively with the Therapist Response/Countertransference Questionnaire, administered anonymously via an Internet survey service. Scores on individual items and subscale scores were compared between groups, and linear discriminant analysis was applied to determine the combination of items that best discriminated between groups. Clinicians reported on patients who completed suicide, made high-lethality attempts, low-lethality attempts, or died unexpected non-suicidal deaths in a total of 82 cases. We found that clinicians treating imminently suicidal patients had less positive feelings towards these patients than for non-suicidal patients, but had higher hopes for their treatment, while finding themselves notably more overwhelmed, distressed by, and to some degree avoidant of them. Further, we found that the specific paradoxical combination of hopefulness and distress/avoidance was a significant discriminator between suicidal patients and those who died unexpected non-suicidal deaths with 90% sensitivity and 56% specificity. In addition, we identified one questionnaire item that discriminated significantly between high- and low-lethality suicide patients. Clinicians’ emotional responses to patients at risk versus not at risk for imminent suicide attempt may be distinct in ways consistent with responses theorized by Maltsberger and Buie in 1974. Prospective replication is needed to confirm these results, however. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using quantitative self-report methodologies for investigation of the relationship between clinicians’ emotional responses to suicidal patients and suicide risk.
A Prolyl-Isomerase Mediates Dopamine-Dependent Plasticity and Cocaine Motor Sensitization

Synaptic plasticity induced by cocaine and other drugs underlies addiction. Here we elucidate molecular events at synapses that cause this plasticity and the resulting behavioral response to cocaine in mice. In response to D1-dopamine-receptor signaling that is induced by drug administration, the glutamate-receptor protein metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is phosphorylated by microtubule-associated protein kinase (MAPK), which we show potentiates Pin1-mediated prolyl-isomerization of mGluR5 in instances where the product of an activity-dependent gene, Homer1a, is present to enable Pin1-mGluR5 interaction. These biochemical events potentiate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated currents that underlie synaptic plasticity and cocaine-evoked motor sensitization as tested in mice with relevant mutations. The findings elucidate how a coincidence of signals from the nucleus and the synapse can render mGluR5 accessible to activation with consequences for drug-induced dopamine responses and point to depotentiation at corticostriatal synapses as a possible therapeutic target for treating addiction.
Chronic Lung Disease After Activated Charcoal Aspiration

The ingestion of toxic substances is a common pediatric emergency. Activated charcoal is part of the standard treatment for most toxic ingestions and is considered a benign therapy. We report a case of inadvertent administration of activated charcoal into the trachea that resulted in the development of chronic lung disease.
Trichloroethylene Metabolism in the Rat Ovary Reduces Oocyte Fertilizability

Exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE, an environmental toxicant) reduced oocyte fertilizability in the rat. In vivo, TCE may be metabolized by cytochrome P450 dependent oxidation or glutathione conjugation in the liver or kidneys, respectively. Cytochrome P450 dependent oxidation is the higher affinity pathway. The primary isoform of cytochrome P450 to metabolize TCE in the liver, cytochrome P450 2E1, is present in the rodent ovary. Ovarian metabolism of TCE by the oxidative pathway and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may occur given the presence of the metabolizing enzyme. The objectives of this study were to define the sensitive interval of oocyte growth to TCE exposure, and to determine if TCE exposure resulted in the formation of ovarian protein carbonyls, an indicator of oxidative damage. Rats were exposed to TCE in drinking water (0.45% TCE (v/v) in 3% Tween) or 3% Tween (vehicle control) during three 4-5 day intervals of oocyte development preceding ovulation. Oocytes from TCE-exposed females were less fertilizable compared with vehicle-control oocytes. Immunohistochemical labeling of ovaries and Western blotting of ovarian proteins demonstrated TCE treatment induced a greater incidence of protein carbonyls compared with vehicle controls. Protein carbonyl formation in the ovary is consistent with TCE metabolism by the cytochrome P450 pathway. Oxidative damage following ovarian TCE metabolism or the presence of TCE metabolites may contribute to reduced oocyte fertilizability. In summary, these results indicate maturing oocytes are susceptible to very short in vivo exposures to TCE.
2-Isopropyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]indole

The indole ring and the pyrrolidine C atoms of the title compound, C19H19N2O2S, are essentially coplanar. The angle between the planes of the phenyl­sulfonyl ring and the indole ring system is 88.0 (1)°. The pyrrolidine N atom is disordered over two positions, with a site-occupancy ratio of 3:2, and has bond angles totaling 357.0°, indicating significant flattening from a purely pyramidal N atom, which in ammonia has angles totaling 324°.
Altered regional loading patterns on articular cartilage following meniscectomy are not fully restored by autograft meniscal transplantation

Summary Objective To quantify the changes in regional dynamic loading patterns on tibial articular cartilage during simulated walking following medial meniscectomy and meniscal transplantation. Methods Seven fresh frozen human cadaveric knees were tested under multidirectional loads mimicking the activity of walking, while the contact stresses on the tibial plateau were synchronously recorded using an electronic sensor. Each knee was tested for three conditions: intact meniscus, medial meniscectomy, and meniscal transplantation. The loading profiles at different locations were assessed and common loading patterns were identified at different sites of the tibial plateau using an established numerical algorithm. Results Three regional patterns were found on the tibial plateau of intact knees. Following medial meniscectomy, the area of the first pattern which was located at the posterior aspect of the medial plateau was significantly reduced, while the magnitude of peak load was significantly increased by 120%. The second pattern which was located at the central-posterior aspects of the lateral plateau shifted anteriorly and laterally without changing its magnitude. The third pattern in the cartilage-to-cartilage contact region of the medial plateau was absent following meniscectomy. Meniscal transplantation largely restored the first pattern, but it did not restore the other two patterns. Conclusion There are site-dependent changes in regional loading patterns on both the medial and lateral tibial plateau following medial meniscectomy. Even when a meniscal autograft is used where the geometry and material properties are kept constant, the only region in which the loading pattern is restored is at posterior aspect of the medial plateau.
High frequency jet ventilation in horses: an experimental study

Summary High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is a recently developed mode of ventilation that delivers small tidal volumes at frequencies greater than 60 cycles per min via an injection catheter to the animal's airway. The construction of a high frequency jet ventilator suitable for use in adult horses is described. The effectiveness of this ventilator in maintaining normal arterial blood - gas tension was evaluated in five healthy adult horses. The horses were anaesthetised with intravenous acetylpromazine, guaifenesin, and thiamylal, positioned in lateral recumbency and baseline measurements were made during spontaneous ventilation. The horses were then paralysed with succinylcholine and ventilated for at least 20 mins with HFJV. Air was delivered from the ventilator to the animal by a polyethylene tube. The tip of this tube remained within and approximately 30 cm from the cuffed end of a standard 30 mm internal diameter large animal orotracheal tube. Frequency of flow interruption was 3 Hz with a constant source pressure of 275 kPa and an inspiratory to expiratory ratio of approximately 1:2.6. Gas delivery to the horse, as estimated with a resonator system was approximately 2 litres/breath. During HFJV, arterial carbon dioxide tension was significantly reduced and arterial oxygen tension significantly increased above measurements made when the horses were spontaneously breathing air.
Critiquing Models of Emotions

This article provides the first systematic empirical examination of four major genres of theories concerning the nature and rise of the corpus of human emotions with more than 2,000 statistical tests of five hypotheses. The distinction between evolutionary-universal and other ``secondary'' emotions is empirically uninformative for all five cultures. Next, the emotion-wheel theory of Plutchik receives no empirical support. All palette theories fail four empirical tests. More than 90 empirical tests fail to support Kemper and Turner in assuming that many secondary emotions arise through complex combinations of primary emotions due to socialization. The Johnson-Laird and Oatley hypothesis of five universal clusters of emotions is also tested and rejected. Researchers need to rethink the heuristic value of dichotomizing and lumping emotions in categories such as universal, primary, basic, secondary, tertiary, and so forth. There are clear empirical advantages to differentiating between emotions with three dim...
First comparison of simultaneous Iris, Buv, and ground‐based measurements of total ozone

In the present paper, the zonally-averaged global distribution of total ozone obtained simultaneously from different measurements are compared with respect to differences in the measured latitudinal and seasonal variations of total ozone. Emphasis is placed on systematic discrepancies that appear to be related to differences in the sensing methodologies or instruments. While the zonal averages of the IRIS and BUV satellite techniques agree quite well at low latitudes, the results are consistently higher for IRIS than for BUV above mid-latitudes in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The BUV and ground-based ultraviolet averages agree better with each other than with infrared IRIS measurements.
GaAs Schottky barrier diodes by the fluxed wetting of tin and indium

Abstract A procedure is described for making Schottky barrier diodes on n and p type GaAs by melting metal spheres onto the surface near their melting points. The metals used are tin, indium, and an In-1 per cent Zn alloy. Wetting is facilitated by the use of an HCl flux. The electrical characteristics of the diodes are presented and discussed.
Relationship of ATP:AMP phosphotransferase isozymes to tissue respiration.

Abstract The activities of the adenylate kinase (ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.4.3) isozymes have been determined from the subcellular compartments of several rat tissues. Adenylate kinase isozyme II was the major species in skeletal muscle, heart, diaphragm, brain, lungs, and uterus. It was found in the cytoplasm of these tissues. The predominant isozyme in kidney, liver, and testis was adenylate kinase III. It was located in the mitochondria from these tissues. A direct correlation was observed between the tissue respiratory rate and ratio of adenylate kinase isozymes III/II.
Radiofrequency Ablation: Effect of Tumor- and Organ-specific Pharmacologic Modulation of Arterial and Portal Venous Blood Flow on Coagulation Diameter in an N1-S1 Tumor Model

Abstract Purpose To investigate inherent differences in vasculature of tumors versus normal parenchyma and efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) ablation with glucagon, adenosine, and a combination of the two compared with normal saline solution (NS) controls in an N1-S1 tumor model implanted in Sprague–Dawley rat livers. Materials and Methods A total of 17 tumors were established in the left lobes of rats. Tumor perfusion relative to surrounding liver parenchyma was evaluated with contrast-enhanced ultrasound with intermittent-bolus technique before and after administration of glucagon, adenosine, a combination of the two, or NS. Tumors were ablated with a 22-gauge RF probe with 1 cm of exposed tip at 80 °C for 2 min. Tumor size, zone of necrosis, and viable tumor were measured in tumors after 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Results were compared with degree of tumor perfusion. Results The normalized tumor perfusion ratio did not significantly change with administration of NS (1.38% ± 3.93). Vasomodulation resulted in significant decreases in normalized tumor perfusion ratio: 66.22% ± 24.57 ( P P P Conclusions Tumor blood flow may be significantly altered by using systemic injection of appropriate medications. This tumor- and organ-specific approach to tumor vasomodulation may be used to enhance current therapeutic options.
Interference with Feedback Inhibition of Adrenocorticotropin Release by Protein Binding of Corticosterone

The capacity of intravenous injections of unbound corticosterone to inhibit corticotropin (ACTH) release following histamine was demonstrated using 2 different indices for ACTH release: (a) changes in plasma corticosterone concentration and (b) changes in adrenal content of corticosterone. At a dose of 100 μg/100 g BW histamine caused nearly maximal ACTH release, but the dose was not supramaximal. The administration of unbound corticosterone intravenously, 15-60 sec before the histamine, impaired the release of ACTH ordinarily provoked by the histamine. However, if the corticosterone was injected in the presence of corticosterone-binding proteins of plasma, the steroid then failed to impair ACTH release following the histamine stimulus. The corticosterone injections produced transients in plasma total corticosterone concentrations that exceeded the physiological maximum. Consequently, it is not certain that the impairment of the negative feedback action of corticosterone by its binding proteins is present...
Effect of particle morphology on the emulsion stability and mechanical performance of polyolefin modified asphalts

Recent federal regulations concenrning roadbed performance have motivated research in polymer modified asphalt binders. Earlier studies on these binders have shown that many of them are susceptible to gross phase separation when the binder is stored at high temperatures under quiescent conditions. This phase separation, in turn, is affected by the initial morphology and storage conditions. In this effort we investigate the effect of particle morphology on the high-temperature emulsion stability of a low-density polyethylene-modified asphalt binder, as well as the concomitant effects on the mechanical behavior. We show for unstabilized emulsions that the dominant phase separation mechanism shifts from coalescence to creaming at a critical particle radius of 4 μm at 110°C. However, stabilized emulsions showed no evidence of gross phase separation for up to 48 hours at 110°C. Dramatically different morphologies were observed for the unstabilized and stabilized emulsions; unstabilized emulsions having teardrop shaped particles and stabilized emulsions having both spherical particles and long cylindrical domains. The mechanical behavior, including the high-temperature dynamic viscoelastic behavior and low-temperature fracture toughness, increased with polyolefin content, but was insensitive to the particle morphology.
Introduction to Felipe Ehrenberg's "In Search of a Model for Life"

“In Search of a Model for Life” traces a brief history of the autonomous, experimental art movement known as los Grupos (the Groups) in which the essay’s author, Felipe Ehrenberg, played a central role. Based mostly in Mexico City in the late 1970s, the Groups critiqued the predominant academicism as well as the burgeoning support for commercially viable experimental work in Mexico’s state-run art institutions. “In Search of a Model for Life” first appeared as one of three external appendices to the catalog for the Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil’s 1985 retrospective of the Groups, De los Grupos los individuos (From the Groups, Individuals). Ehrenberg’s essay challenges the teleological narrative that the catalog’s text traces, from a collective movement of rebellion to the individual insertion of the movement’s members into the art market. In doing so, “In Search of a Model for Life” begins to theorize the conditions for a critical and emancipatory art practice beyond the complicity of state and market.
A Real-Time Negotiation Model and A Multi-Agent Sensor Network Implementation

This paper describes a negotiation model that incorporates real-time issues for autonomous agents. This model consists of two important ideas: a real-time logical negotiation protocol and a case-based negotiation model. The protocol integrates a real-time Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model, a temporal logic model, and communicative acts for negotiation. This protocol explicitly defines the logical and temporal relationships of different knowledge states, facilitating real-time designs such as multi-threaded processing, state profiling and updating, and a set of real-time enabling functional predicates in our implementation. To further support the protocol, we use a case-based reasoning model for negotiation strategy selection. An agent learns from its past experience by deriving a negotiation strategy from the most similar and useful case to its current situation. Guided by the strategy, the agent negotiates with its partners using an argumentation-based negotiation protocol. The model is time and situation aware such that each agent changes its negotiation behavior according to the progress and status of the ongoing negotiation and its current agent profile. We apply the negotiation model to a resource allocation problem and obtain promising results.
Bridging the gap between technology and users: leveraging machine translation in a visual data triage tool

While one of the oldest pursuits in computational linguistics (see Bar-Hillel, 1951), machine translation (MT) remains an unsolved problem. While current research has progressed a great deal, technology transfer to end users is limited. In this demo, we present a visualization tool for manipulating foreign language data. Using software developed for the exploration and understanding of large amounts of text data, IN-SPIRE (Hetzler & Turner 2004), we have developed a novel approach to mining and triaging large amounts of foreign language texts. By clustering documents in their native language and only using translations in the data triage phase, our system avoids the major pit-falls that plague modern machine translation. More generally, the visualization environment we have developed allows users to take advantage of current NLP technologies, including MT. We will demonstrate use of this tool to triage a corpus of foreign text.
Flow transitions in a rotating magnetic field

Critical Rayleigh numbers have been measured in a liquid metal cylinder of finite height in the presence of a rotating magnetic field. Several different stability regimes were observed, which were determined by the values of the Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers. For weak rotating magnetic fields and small Rayleigh numbers, the experimental observations can be explained by the existence of a single non-axisymmetric meridional roll rotating around the cylinder, driven by the azimuthal component of the magnetic field. The measured dependence of rotational velocity on magnetic field strength is consistent with the existence of laminar flow in this regime.
Appropriate Pediatric Spirometry Reference Equations and Interpretation

Spirometry is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of pediatric pulmonary diseases. Reference equations enable the comparison of an individual's lung function to that of a healthy reference population of the same age, sex, height, and race/ethnicity. This comparison is important both in distinguishing health from disease and in monitoring the lung function of a growing child over time. A range of reference equations exist, and no single equation is ideal for all situations. However, there are important considerations to understand when choosing an equation. This article reviews how reference equations are created, how to use them to interpret lung function measurements, and how to choose appropriate reference equations, highlights current limitations, and suggests areas for future research and collaboration.
Genetic and cellular evidence of decreased inflammation associated with reduced incidence of posttraumatic arthritis in MRL/MpJ mice

Joint trauma resulting in post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) is estimated to account for 12% of the 27 million Americans with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) (1–3). Even with optimal treatment, displaced articular fractures in the lower extremity have a 10–20% incidence of PTA (4). Despite the impact of PTA, the sequence of events leading to arthritis following an articular fracture is not fully understood. An articular fracture is a complex event with several injurious aspects, including mechanical insult to the joint tissues, release of blood and marrow contents into the joint space, and potentially systemic polytrauma (5). The inflammatory response resulting from articular fracture may be a significant factor in the progression of PTA, but its effect remains incompletely characterized (6). Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are up-regulated in injured and degenerative joints and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PTA similar to their role in primary OA of joints in patients without antecedent injury (7, 8). The manner in which these cytokines and mediators influence sustained joint tissue inflammation and cartilage degeneration following articular trauma, however, remains unclear. In order to further characterize these mechanisms, we developed a murine model of articular fracture of the tibial plateau that results in progressive arthritic changes in the bone, articular cartilage, and other joint tissues in the C57BL/6 mouse (9). However, the inbred MRL/MpJ strain, known as the “superhealer”, is protected from PTA and does not develop degenerative joint changes following articular fracture (10). The MRL/MpJ strain is of particular interest due to its demonstrated ability to regenerate a wide array of tissues ranging from fibrocartilage in the ear to myocardium to articular cartilage (11–14). While the exact genetic differences responsible for the enhanced regenerative capability of this strain are not known, the MRL/MpJ mouse exhibits decreased levels of inducible pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-α in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (15). We hypothesized that the 'superhealer' MRL/MpJ strain of mice responds to closed articular fracture with a reduced inflammatory response compared to C57BL/6 mice. We measured synovial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, synovial fluid and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, and the extent of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the synovium, at a variety of early and late time points in MRL/MpJ mice compared to C57BL/6 mice following closed articular fracture.
MAPIT: Development of a web-based intervention targeting substance abuse treatment in the criminal justice system

Although drug and alcohol treatment are common requirements in the U.S. criminal justice system, only a minority of clients actually initiate treatment. This paper describes a two-session, web-based intervention to increase motivation for substance abuse treatment among clients using illicit substances. MAPIT (Motivational Assessment Program to Initiate Treatment) integrates the extended parallel process model, motivational interviewing, and social cognitive theory. The first session (completed near the start of probation) targets motivation to complete probation, to make changes in substance use (including treatment initiation), and to obtain HIV testing and care. The second session (completed approximately 30days after session 1) focuses on goal setting, coping strategies, and social support. Both sessions can generate emails or mobile texts to remind clients of their goals. MAPIT uses theory-based algorithms and a text-to-speech engine to deliver custom feedback and suggestions. In an initial test, participants indicated that the program was respectful, easy to use, and would be helpful in making changes in substance use. MAPIT is being tested in a randomized trial in two large U.S. probation agencies. MAPIT addresses the difficulties of many probation agencies to maximize client involvement in treatment, in a way that is cost effective and compatible with the existing service delivery system.
CDCs: CONTRIBUTIONS OUTWEIGH CONTRADICTIONS, a Reply to Randy Stoecker

(1997). Cdcs: Contributions Outweigh Contradictions, a Reply to Randy Stoecker. Journal of Urban Affairs: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 23-28.
Boundaryless Mentoring: An Exploratory Study of the Functions Provided by Internal Versus External Organizational Mentors1

The changing nature of careers suggests that mentors and proteges may work in different employment settings. Little research has examined whether mentoring relationships that are interorganizational are as enriched, in terms of mentoring functions provided and received, as those that are intraorganizational. The present study examines the effect of the mentor's employment setting on both protege and mentor reports of career support, psychosocial support, and role modeling received or provided. Data were collected via questionnaire from mentors and proteges in 2 computer technology firms. Results from a MANCOVA controlling for protege gender and duration of relationship indicate that proteges whose mentors work in the same employment setting as themselves reported more career and psychosocial support than did proteges whose mentors work in a different setting. Results are discussed in view of current career structures.
The Legal and Policy Implications of Male-Benefiting Admissions Policies at Public Institutions: Can They Ever Be Considered Affirmative Action for Men?.

Women represent an increasingly large majority of undergraduate students, currently comprising 57% of total U.S. undergraduate enrollment. To address this gap between women and men undergraduates, some institutions have developed admissions policies to yield more men. This study examines the key issues the U.S. Supreme Court might use when considering the constitutionality of such policies and then examines the problematic nature of the Court’s existing criteria for determining the legality of policies that use sex- and race-based classifications.
Special finite elements for analysis of soil consolidation

L'utilisation des elements «singularite» pour des pressions de pores modeles au voisinage des surfaces chargees a drainage libre immediatement apres l'application des charges a ces surfaces. On considere une consolidation unidimensionnelle. Comparaison des resultats numeriques avec la solution exacte montrant l'utilisation que l'emploi d'elements specialement concus approchant «singularite» peut reussir a reduire l'erreur dans le calcul des pressions de pores
The Migration, Distribution in the Brain, and Growth of Ascarid Larvae in Rodents

T-his paper reports experiments on Ascaris columnaris of striped skunks, on an Ascaris from middle-western raccoons, on another Ascaris from the badger, on Ascaris laevis from Alaskan marmots, and on Toxocara canis of dogs. Central nervous system damage in rodents caused by the occurrence of ascaris larvae in the brain and spinal cord has been reported (Tiner, 1949 and 1951). The ascarid most pathogenic for the central nervous system of rodents is from the raccoon. Sprent (1950 and 1952) has experimented with A. columnaris and a variety of other ascarids, but to minimize unnecessary duplication in our studies, he did not work extensively on larvae in the brain or on the raccoon ascarid.
Magnetic Ordering in Dilute Solid Solutions of Iron in Gold. I

Magnetic ordering in Au-Fe solid solutions with Fe concentrations between 0.8 and 8.0 at.% has been studied using the M\"ossbauer effect. The relative internal field for all solute concentrations scales with the reduced temperature and agrees qualitatively with either the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Fe magnetization curve or a Brillouin curve with $S=1$. The value of the hyperfine field extrapolated to zero Fe concentration and 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is (66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)% of its value in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ Fe. The resonance lines in the magnetic hyperfine spectra are broader than the paramagnetic-resonance lines, possibly because of an intrinsic width of the hyperfine field (\ensuremath{\approx} 10%), or relaxation effects. The magnetic transition temperature varies approximately as the square root of the Fe concentration. A positive quadrupole coupling is observed for Fe concentrations of 6.7 and 7.4 at.%, but is not detectable in the more dilute alloys. The isomer shift is essentially independent of Fe concentration. Temperature hysteresis is observed near the ordering temperature for an Fe concentration of 6.7 at.%, but it is not detectable for an Fe concentration of 1.7 at.%.