cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study on the effect of aldosterone on the extramitochondrial adenine nucleotide system in rat kidney

Abstract The in vivo tissue contents of ATP, ADP, AMP, Pi, phosphoryl creatine (PC), creatine (C), lactate (L), pyruvate (Py), dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DAP), and 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) were measured in the in situ freeze-clamped kidneys of rats (a) in the normal state, (b) in the adrenalectomized state and (c) in the adrenalectomized state. 2–3 h after injection of a physiological dose of aldosterone (2 μg per 100 g b w). No significant differences in the ATP, ADP, AMP, or Pi contents, or in the ratio ATP/ ADP × Pi could be observed between the 3 states. Assuming[11] that large changes of the concentration ratio ATP/ADP × Pi, in the cytoplasm would be accompanied and rendered demonstrable by changes in the ratio of the contents Py × DAP/L × 3-PG. this latter ratio was monitored. The ratio Py/L increased under adrenalectomy and decreased to a normal level on injection of aldosterone: no significant effect of the hormone on the ratio Py × DAP/L x 3-PG could be shown, however. The ratio PC/C decreased to half the normal value under adrenalectomy. This change was reversed by injection of aldoslerone. Since in rat kidney creatine kinase is located in the extramitochondrial space only. the latter data may indicate an increase in response to aldosterone of the phosphorylation of extramitochondrial adenine nucleotide in this tissue.
Prevalence of glucose intolerance in free-ranging Macaca fascicularis of Mauritius

Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out on 30 free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on the island of Mauritius, following the suggestion that severe glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus might be prevalent in this macaque population. OGTTs revealed no evidence of frank diabetes mellitus in the sample. However, 13% of individuals showed impaired glucose tolerance, with preserved insulin secretion, suggesting the presence of the target tissue resistance to insulin characteristic of human noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The macaques with impaired glucose tolerance were neither obese nor aged. Glucose levels at all time points of the OGTT in normal macaques in our free-ranging sample were lower than reported in captive populations, perhaps due to greater physical activity. Our observations demonstrate that a genetic predisposition to glucose intolerance does exist in M. fascicularis, and that this condition, well documented in laboratory macaques, is not simply an artifact of captivity.
Imaging Spectrometers and Polarimeters

Imaging spectrometer and polarimeter research at the Optical Detection Lab, University of Arizona, is overviewed. Topics include snapshot imaging spectroscopy, white-light channeled imaging polarimetry, and infrared hyperspectral imaging polarimetry.
Precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst: Effect of carbidization on the morphology of iron oxyhydroxide nanoneedles

The effect of carbidization on the morphology of iron oxyhydroxide particles has been studied. Homogeneous oxidation of iron(II) sulfate results in predominantly γ-FeOOH particles which have a rod-shaped crystalline structure. Carbidization of the prepared iron oxyhydroxide particles at 270 °C and atmospheric pressure without mechanical stirring was found to produce iron carbides with spherical layered structure residing in close proximity. HRTEM, EDS and electron microdiffraction analysis revealed that carbidization alters the initial nanoneedle-type morphology and generates ultrafine carbide particles with irregular spherical shape. When carbidization was performed under severe mechanical stirring, formation of spherical carbide particles completely separated from each other was obsrved. Initial activity of iron oxyhydroxide for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was found to be high (a CO conversion of about 84%) which declined steadily with synthesis time (26% CO conversion after 340 h of synthesis).
Serotonin involvement in the discriminative stimulus effects of κ opioids in pigeons

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of serotonin (5HT) in the discriminative stimulus effects ofκ opioids. Pigeons were trained to discriminate 5.6 mg/kg of theκ opioid, U50,488, from water. During substitution tests, both U50,488 and anotherκ opioid, spiradoline, produced >80% responding on the U50,488-appropriate key. In contrast, the nonopioid compound, phencyclidine and several serotonergic compounds failed to substitute for the U50,488 discriminative stimulus across a wide range of doses. During combination tests, the selective 5HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT (0.001–3.2 mg/kg), dose-dependently attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of 5.6 mg/kg U50,488 and 3.2 mg/kg spiradoline. This effect was reversed by the 5HT1A antagonist, NAN-190 (0.01–1 mg/kg), in a dose-dependent manner. Buspirone (0.01–10 mg/kg), a 5HT1A partial agonist, also attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of the training dose of U50,488 but ipsapirone, another 5HT1A partial agonist, did not. Ketanserin, a 5HT2 antagonist, and MDL72222, a 5HT3 antagonist, attenuated the effects of U50,488, whereas the 5HT1B,1C agonist, mCPP, and the 5HT2 agonist, DOI, did not. Depletion of 5HT withp-CPA also attenuated U50,488's discriminative stimulus effects. Taken together, the results suggest that serotonin release is an important component in the discriminative stimulus effects produced byκ opioids; however, the effects of DOI and mCPP alone suggest that activation of post-synaptic 5HT receptors is not sufficient to produce the full spectrum ofκ opioid discriminative stimulus effects.
Exercise Testing and Training in Chronic Lung Disease and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Research examining the clinical value of exercise testing and training in patients with chronic lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is less robust compared with cardiac populations but nevertheless highly supportive. Functional limitations are common in these patients, and exercise testing provides important information pertaining to the degree of this limitation, disease severity, and prognosis. Moreover, exercise testing, particularly in conjunction with ventilatory expired gas analysis, serves as a valuable diagnostic tool when the mechanism of the functional limitation and abnormal exertional symptoms is uncertain. Most work with respect to the benefits of exercise training has been performed in chronic obstructive lung disease cohorts and is used to support pulmonary rehabilitation. Emerging data indicate that exercise training is likewise beneficial in patients with interstitial lung disease and PAH. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the value of exercise testing and training and provides recommendations for clinical practice.
Margins of partial cricotracheal resection in children.

Objective: To review the surgical margins of partial cricotracheal resection in our series of patients. This includes specific anatomic detail as to each superior and inferior resection margin. To apply this information and access the utility of partial cricotracheal resection for the treatment of subglottic stenosis. Study Design/]Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 38 children with severe subglottic stenosis who underwent partial cricotracheal resection. Information was obtained with regard to the specific anatomic location of the superior and inferior resection margins, the grade of subglottic stenosis preoperatively, the type of stenting material used postoperatively, and other surgical details specific to each procedure. Results: The superior resection margins were generally to the superior aspect of the cricoid cartilage but as high as the undersurface of the true vocal folds in a minority of patients. Inferior resection margins were generally to the second tracheal ring. Length of resection varied, but was as long as 3.0 cm in one patient. Overall surgical success based on decannulation was > 86%. Conclusion: Partial cricotracheal resection is a safe and successful procedure for the treatment of subglottic stenosis. The margins and length of resection should be tailored specifically for each patient; and special considerations must be taken when extensive resection to the level of the true vocal folds is required. Safe airway management in the postoperative period is essential. tracheal reconstruction.
Self‐Incompatibility and Seed Set in Colchicine‐, Nitrous Oxide‐, and Sexually Derived Tetraploid Red Clover

Diploid red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a self-incompatible species, but some tetraploid forms exhibit a degree of self-compatibility, which could introduce various levels of inbreeding in the tetraploid populations. This study describes self and cross seed set of nine tetraploid populations of red clover derived either sexually (unilateral or bilateral) or chemically (N 2 O or colchicine) (.)
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Deep Brain Stimulation in the treatment of alcohol dependence

Alcohol dependence is a major social, economic, and public health problem. Alcoholism can lead to damage of the gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems and it can be lethal, costing hundreds of billions to the health care system. Despite the existence of cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychosocial interventions, and spiritually integrated treatment to treat it, alcohol dependence has a high relapse rate and poor prognosis, albeit with high interindividual variability. In this review, we discuss the use of two neuromodulation techniques, namely repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS), and their advantages and disadvantages compared to first-line pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence. We also discuss rTMS and DBS targets for alcohol dependence treatment, considering experimental animal and human evidence, with careful consideration of methodological issues preventing the identification of feasible targets for neuromodulation treatments, as well as inter-individual variability factors influencing alcoholism prognosis. Lastly, we anticipate future research aiming to tailor the treatment to each individual patient by combining neurofunctional, neuroanatomical and neurodisruptive techniques optimizing the outcome.
Mutational Analysis of 26 Residues of Vaccinia DNA Topoisomerase Identifies Ser-204 as Important for DNA Binding and Cleavage†

Vaccinia DNA topoisomerase, a 314 amino acid type I enzyme, catalyzes the cleavage and rejoining of DNA strands through a DNA-(3‘-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate formed at a specific target seq...
Convenient Synthesis of a Library of Discrete Hydroxamic Acids Using the Hydroxythiophenol (Marshall) Resin.

Several resins have reportedly been used to synthesize hydroxamic acids except for the hydroxythiophenol (Marshall) resin. Herein, we report the use of the Marshall resin to synthesize hydroxamic acids from carboxylic acids and its application to convert a library of 14 discrete aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids including N-protected amino acids to their corresponding hydroxamic acids in good yields.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-A-Induced Retinal Gliosis Protects against Ischemic Retinopathy

Retinal astrocytes are located in the nerve fiber layer and along retinal blood vessels and have been hypothesized to participate in the induction and maintenance of the blood-retinal barrier. Platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) is normally produced by retinal ganglion cells and is involved in astrocyte recruitment and proliferation. We used gain-of-function transgenic mice that express PDGF-A in photoreceptors to explore the roles of PDGF-A and astrocytes in the retina. Transgene-positive mice developed glial infiltration of the inner retina and had significantly less oxygen-induced retinal vascular closure and no neovascularization compared with littermate controls, which had prominent vascular closure and neovascularization. The increased survival of endothelial cells in transgenic mice in the face of oxygen-induced down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor was accompanied by an increase in astrocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor-2. Therefore, PDGF-A increases retinal astrocytes, which promote the survival of endothelial cells as well as their expression of barrier characteristics.
Physiological and physical performance changes in female runners during one year of training

Seven female members of a university cross‐country and track team (mean age, height, and weight were 19.4 years, 160 cm, and 52.7 kg, respectively) were physiologically monitored through 1 year of training and competition. Laboratory assessment included measurement of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), ventilation threshold (VT), running economy, percent body fat, elapsed time to exhaustion at VO2max on a treadmill run, and peak grade (PG) reached on a treadmill test. Physical performance was based on elapsed time for completing the same 5 km cross‐country course at the identical time each year. A statistically significant change was noted in only two variables: elapsed time of treadmill running at VO2max (p = 0.03) and 5 km run time (p = 0.04). Two variables were significantly related to 5 km run performance: PG (r = ‐0.925) and speed at VT (r = ‐0.829). The relationship of VO2max and run time was not significant (r = ‐0.287, p >0.05). The change in only one variable, percent body fat, was significantly rel...
The First Amendment Right to Receive Online Information in Public Libraries

A decade after the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Children's Internet Protection Act, which mandated Internet filters in public libraries, filtering problems have not been resolved, and the disabling of Internet filters upon the requests of adults does not seem to be as easy or automatic as the justices had presumed. In upholding CIPA, the Supreme Court seemed to misunderstand the parameters of the disabling provision, ignored the right-to-receive doctrine, and missed the opportunity to update public forum doctrine to include the Internet. This article concludes that the Court needs to reevaluate public forum doctrine in the context of twenty-first century technology and designate Internet access in public libraries as a metaphysical public forum.
Energy-Momentum Tensors and Scale Invariance in the Thirring Model

It is shown that in the Thirring model the Sugawara form of the energy-momentum tensor ${T}_{{S}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}}$, is a more natural choice than the usual form in terms of canonical fields, ${T}_{{C}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}}$, in the sense that $\ensuremath{\int}{x}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{T}_{{S}^{\ensuremath{\mu}0}}(x)d{x}^{1}$ is the generator of scale transformations which leave the solution of the model invariant.
Amyloidosis and the gut

Amyloid involving the gastrointestinal tract may be deposited anywhere in the mucosa, the blood vessels, or in the muscular layers. It causes derangement of bowel function by direct infiltration or by producing secondary ischemic changes. Impaired motor activity, malabsorption, or infarction of the bowel may result.
Walking in place using the Microsoft Kinect to explore a large VE

In this work, we present a simple method of "walking in place" (WIP) using the Microsoft Kinect to explore a virtual environment (VE) with a head-mounted display (HMD). Other studies have shown that WIP to explore a VE is equivalent to normal walking in terms of spatial orientation. This suggests that WIP is a promising way to explore a large VE. The Microsoft Kinect sensor is a great tool for implementing WIP because it enables real time skeletal tracking and is relatively inexpensive (110 USD). However, the skeletal information obtained from Kinect sensors can be noisy. Thus, this research discusses how we combined the data from two Kinects to implement a robust WIP algorithm. We evaluate our algorithm and directly compare it to joystick navigation of a large VE. We also explore the possibility of scaling the gain of WIP so that one WIP step forward carries the user two steps forward in virtual space.
Arabinofuranosyl nucleosides induce common fragile sites.

The capacities for fragile site induction of three inhibitors of semiconservative DNA synthesis and DNA repair synthesis, aphidicolin, arabinofuranosyl cytosine, and arabinofuranosyl adenosine were compared. Aphidicolin is known to induce type 4 fragile sites, the largest recognized group of common fragile sites. Although the modes of action of these inhibitors vary, both arabinofuranosyl analogs induce type 4 aphidicolin-sensitive fragile sites. An analysis of variance demonstrates that the three inhibitors are not equally capable of inducing significant breakage (P<0.01) at all type 4 fragile sites. Induction of type 4 fragile sites appears to be a general consequence of inhibition of DNA polymerization.
An Analytic Iterative Approach to Solving the Time-Independent Schrodinger Equation

In this article, we introduce a simple analytic method for obtaining approximate solutions of the Schrodinger equation for a wide range of potentials in one- and two-dimensions. We define an operator, called the iteration operator, which will be used to solve for the lowest order state(s) of a system. The method is simple in that it does not require the computation of any integrals in order to obtain a solution. We use this method on several potentials which are well understood or even exactly solvable in order to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of this method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Short Courses as Part of Statistical Consulting in a Foreign Setting

Abstract It is common for many consulting statisticians to provide statistical training to their clients. The number and depth of potential difficulties that can arise when giving a short course are greatly increased when the course is given in a foreign setting. Recommendations and examples are given for overcoming these difficulties and for efficient presentation of the course material.
Factors Affecting Locomotion in Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) Hatchlings Crawling to the Sea at Ostional Beach, Costa Rica

Abstract The crawl to the sea of freshly emerged hatchlings is a critical period in the life cycle of turtles, although it is short compared with their life span. Hatchlings face predation, human poaching, and heat stress. We examined the crawling behavior of hatchling olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles at an arribada beach at Ostional, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We address the following: 1) How long does it take hatchlings to reach the sea? and 2) What factors affect the time required to reach the sea? We were particularly interested in the aspects that increase their success at reaching the sea, and timed hatchling movement on an experimental grid, and for those emerging naturally from nests. Except when the beach was guarded by villagers, black vultures (Coragyps atratus) were present all the time and captured nearly all the hatchlings emerging from first light (0500 hrs) until dark. Overall, the mean time to reach the sea was 19.2 min (SE = 0.3), mean distance was 27.7 m (SE = 0.5), and...
The effects of paraquat dichloride on clinical chemistry measurements.

Although measurements in the clinical chemistry laboratory are routinely used to monitor renal and hepatic toxicity from paraquat, it is not known if paraquat, a strong oxidant, interferes with common laboratory tests. The authors analyzed the effects of paraquat (concentration range of 0 to 1000 rag/L) on the Beckman IDEAL and Technicon SMAC analyzers for 20 common analytes. Although 18 tests were unaffected by paraquat, creatinine values rose from 1.3 to 7.6 mg/dL on the SMAC and 1.3 to 3.0 mg/dL on the IDEAL. Also, LDH was affected, rising by 6 and 12% on the IDEAL and the SMAC, respectively. Values for these correlated positively with serum paraquat concentrations although little effect could be discerned at paraquat levels <~10 mg/L. Thus, the magnitude of the effects were such that interference by paraquat with the measurements of creatinine and LDH can be considered insignificant in clinical circumstances.
Real-time data collection in Linux: A case study

Multiuser UNIX-like operating systems such as Linux are often considered unsuitable for real-time data collection because of the potential for indeterminate timing latencies resulting from preemptive scheduling. In this paper, Linux is shown to be fully adequate for precisely controlled programming with millisecond resolution or better. The Linux system calls that subserve such timing control are described and tested and then utilized in a MIDI-based program for tapping and music performance experiments. The timing of this program, including data input and output, is shown to be accurate at the millisecond level. This demonstrates that Linux, with proper programming, is suitable for real-time experiment software. In addition, the detailed description and test of both the operating system facilities and the application program itself may serve as a model for publicly documenting programming methods and software performance on other operating systems.
A selective attention neural network for invariant recognition of distorted objects

Summary form only given. Selective attention is used to reduce the number of inputs and to recognize input scenes containing multiple objects and distorted objects at any translation or orientation. Invariance to translation and orientation is achieved by developing appropriate input representations. A recurrent object recognition network was implemented, and the network was tested with the TC problem. Using a proper input representation and encoding scheme, the networks are trained with objects in a standard position and orientation. The trained network recognizes objects at any translation and orientation and generalizes to distorted objects. >
Accountability in hosted virtual networks

Virtualization enables multiple networks, each customized for a particular purpose, to run concurrently over a shared substrate. One such model for managing these virtual networks is to create a hosting platform where companies can deploy services by leasing a portion of several physical routers. While lowering the barrier for innovation in the network, this model introduces new security concerns. In this paper we examine the issue of accountability in this setting of hosted virtual networks. That is, how a service provider can know its software is running without modification and that the infrastructure provider's physical router is forwarding packets as instructed with the quality of service promised. Rather than presenting a single specification of what every router on the Internet must look like, in this paper we examine two possible approaches: one that detects violations by monitoring the service and one that prevents violations from occurring in the first place. For each, we provide a description of an architecture that can be achieved with technology available today, the limitations of that architecture, and then propose an extension which overcomes the limitations.
A CMOS Low-Power Transceiver With Reconfigurable Antenna Interface for Medical Implant Applications

A low-power transceiver for medical implant communication service is presented. The device consists of three subsystems, which perform wake-up signal reception, data-link binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK) reception, and transmission, respectively. A common antenna interface is reused in the three subsystems, reducing circuit complexity and number of external components. Super-regenerative architecture is used for wake-up reception, and gm-boosted common-gate stages are used to optimize receiver (RX) performance with low power consumption. The transmitter employs an all-digital frequency-locked loop to directly drive a class AB power amplifier. The transmitter can alternatively use an injection-locked power oscillator for lower bit rates and power consumption. The integrated circuit is designed and fabricated on a 0.18-μm CMOS process. The wake-up RX achieves a -80-dBm sensitivity for a 50-kb/s signal and a 280-μW dissipation. The BFSK RX achieves a -97-dBm sensitivity for a 75-kb/s signal and a 2-mW power consumption. Finally, the transmitter achieves an output power of -5 dBm for a power consumption of 2.9 mW.
Vertical Hydrologic Exchange and Ecosystem Metabolism in a Sonoran Desert Stream

Hyporheic metabolism in a Sonoran Desert stream was examined, focusing on the sources of detritus supporting hyporheic respiration. Two alternative hypotheses were specifically addressed: (1) organic matter derived from the surface stream supports hyporheic respiration, and (2) detritus buried during flash floods supports hyporheic res- piration. As predicted for the surface-derived organic matter hypothesis, respiration was lowest immediately following flash floods and increased significantly with time after flood (P < 0.001). Hyporheic respiration ranged from 0.05 mgO2-L sediments-l h-' immediately following a flash flood to as high as 4.41 mgO2.L sediments-l h-' late in algal succession. Respiration was significantly correlated with surface algal biomass during two spring/ summer successional sequences (P < 0.05; partial correlation coefficients 0.58 and 0.88). Respiration was also consistently higher in downwelling than upwelling zones with overall mean rates of 1.12 and 0.46 mgO2.L sediments-l h-', respectively. Respiration exhibited a distinct diel pattern with highest rate coinciding with time of maximum photosynthesis and was also significantly correlated with dissolved organic carbon concentration (P < 0.05), further supporting the hypothesis of hyporheic dependence on algal production. Flash floods bury organic matter that is also respired in the hyporheic zone; however, based upon storage of organic carbon immediately following floods, an average of only 15% of the observed respiration could be supported. We conclude that hyporheic respiration in Sycamore Creek is tightly linked to surface production. It is spatially distributed in biotic "hot spots" where surface waters enter hyporheic sediments and is most likely supported by organic matter that is supplied as dissolved organic carbon, perhaps from algal production.
5,6,7,8‐Tetrafluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐2,9‐dimethyl‐1,4‐ethenonaphthalene

(5,6,7,8-Tetrafluoro-1,4-dihydro-2,9-dimethyl-1,4-ethenonaphthalene) [19128-52-0, 1164120-53-9, 1229332-66-4) C14H10F4 (MW 254.07) InChI = 1S/C14H10F4/c1-5-3-8-6(2)4-7(5)9-10(8)12(16)14(18)13(17)11(9)15/h3-4,7-8H,1-2H3 InChIKey = CIVHICMRESHFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as ligand in transition metal-mediated asymmetric 1,6-addition of aryl boronates to α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and in polymerization of substituted acetylenes) Alternate Names: dimethyltetrafluorobenzobarrelene; tfb-Me2. Physical Data: mp 69–70 °C; bp 111 °C/0.4 mmHg. Solubility: soluble in CHCl3 and ether. Form supplied in: colorless solid. Preparative Method: tfb-Me2 can be prepared in one step by the formal [4+2] cycloaddition of p-xylene with tetrafluorobenzyne (eq 1).1 (1) Enantiomerically pure tfbs are prepared by a variant on this procedure, with resolution by preparative HPLC of a suitable intermediate, from 4-methyl anisole (eq 2).2 (2) Purification: recrystallization from EtOH. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: harmful if swallowed, very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Store in a cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols.
Predictive value of embryo grading for embryos with known outcomes.

Objective To compare pronuclear morphology (Z-score), day 3 embryo grade, and day 3 cell number in the prediction of successful implantation rates (IRs), including cycles in which all or none of the embryos implanted. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting University-based IVF center. Patient(s) Four hundred twenty-six fresh IVF day 3 transfers of 852 embryos in women Main Outcome Measure(s) Evaluation of Z-scores, embryo morphology, cell number, and IR. Result(s) Day 3 parameters were more predictive than Z-scores. When early parameters were poor (Z-score) but late parameters were both good, the IR was 38%, compared with 4% when the Z-score was good but the late parameters were poor. Conclusion(s) Embryo grading systems are useful in the prediction of embryo implantation. In particular, cell number and embryo grade are more predictive than Z-scores. Therefore, late parameters have a better prognostic value than Z-scores when selecting embryos for transfer.
Genetic structure of the benthic amphipod Diporeia (Amphipoda: Pontoporeiidae) and its relationship to abundance in Lake Superior

The freshwater amphipod Diporeia is a crucial part of the food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but has faced serious declines correlated with the invasion of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), except in Lake Superior, which has seen an increase in Diporeia abundance. Speculation on the mechanisms causing changes in Diporeia densities has not included the possibility of evolutionarily distinct lineages of Diporeia within the Great Lakes. In this study, we use cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequence data to investigate the evolutionary history of Lake Superior Diporeia relative to the other Great Lakes and consider potential population structuring within Lake Superior based upon depth or geography. Our analyses reveal that Lake Superior Diporeia represent a distinct lineage that diverged from populations of the other lakes at least several hundred thousand years ago. F statistics show that two localities within Lake Superior were significantly differentiated from all other locales, but analy...
The Common γ-Chain Cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 Induce the Expression of Programmed Death-1 and Its Ligands

The programmed death (PD)-1 molecule and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), negative regulatory members of the B7 family, play an important role in peripheral tolerance. Previous studies have demonstrated that PD-1 is up-regulated on T cells following TCR-mediated activation; however, little is known regarding PD-1 and Ag-independent, cytokine-induced T cell activation. The common gamma-chain (gamma c) cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21, which play an important role in peripheral T cell expansion and survival, were found to up-regulate PD-1 and, with the exception of IL-21, PD-L1 on purified T cells in vitro. This effect was most prominent on memory T cells. Furthermore, these cytokines induced, indirectly, the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on monocytes/macrophages in PBMC. The in vivo correlate of these observations was confirmed on PBMC isolated from HIV-infected individuals receiving IL-2 immunotherapy. Exposure of gamma c cytokine pretreated T cells to PD-1 ligand-IgG had no effect on STAT5 activation, T cell proliferation, or survival driven by gamma c cytokines. However, PD-1 ligand-IgG dramatically inhibited anti-CD3/CD28-driven proliferation and Lck activation. Furthermore, following restimulation with anti-CD3/CD28, cytokine secretion by both gamma c cytokine and anti-CD3/CD28 pretreated T cells was suppressed. These data suggest that gamma c cytokine-induced PD-1 does not interfere with cytokine-driven peripheral T cell expansion/survival, but may act to suppress certain effector functions of cytokine-stimulated cells upon TCR engagement, thereby minimizing immune-mediated damage to the host.
Particle search algorithm based on trophallaxis (non-refereed)

We have developed a new swarm search algorithm for robots based on the trophallactic behavior of social insects. The new algorithm, which we call Particle Search Algorithm (PSA), does not require any bot-bot communication and does not require the bots to have absolute position information. The bots cluster together near peaks in the search space based on a fitness value when bots collide.
Fuzzy Approach in Quality Management of Higher Education

The adoption of the fuzzy formalism is a possible solution to the standardization in the domain of quality, in which to the usual terms are still given various meanings by the managers of various firms, on markets that visibly oscillate between globalization and regionalization.
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in children: Evaluation with proton MR spectroscopy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in children is difficult to evaluate because of lack of standardized neuropsychological tests for all age ranges. The purpose of this retrospective study of children with clinically suspected MHE was to investigate relationships between brain MR spectroscopy metabolites and biochemical markers of encephalopathy as well as measures of liver disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 children (age range, 9–19 years; 8 female) with clinically suspected MHE were studied by short TE brain MR spectroscopy on a 1.5T magnet. We estimated gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) metabolite concentrations using “LCModel” software. Regional metabolite concentrations were examined for correlation with various parameters, including plasma ammonia, the ratio of branched-chain to aromatic amino acids (BCAA/AAA), model for end stage liver disease/pediatric end stage liver disease (MELD/PELD) and Child-Pugh scores, bilirubin, albumin, and platelet counts. RESULTS: Myo-inositol (mIns) levels correlated with BCAA/AAA ratios ( r = 0.86; P = .002 for GM and r = 0.77; P = .01 for WM). WM choline (Cho) levels and GM mIns levels showed significant negative correlation with ammonia levels ( r = −0.58; P = .04 and r = −0.65; P = .02, respectively). A positive significant correlation trend was present for GM glutamine/glutamate (Glx) and ammonia levels ( r = 0.66; P = .05). There was no correlation of brain MR spectroscopy parameters and severity of liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: Brain MR spectroscopy metabolites in children with suspected MHE show significant correlations with plasma ammonia levels and BCAA/AAA. As in adults, brain MR spectroscopy in children may be helpful in establishing a diagnosis of MHE.
The RNA exosome affects iron response and sensitivity to oxidative stress

RNA degradation plays important roles for maintaining temporal control and fidelity of gene expression, as well as processing of transcripts. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the RNA exosome is a major 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease and also has an endonuclease domain of unknown function. Here we report a physiological role for the exosome in response to a stimulus. We show that inactivating the exoribonuclease active site of Rrp44 up-regulates the iron uptake regulon. This up-regulation is caused by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mutant. Elevated ROS also causes hypersensitivity to H2O2, which can be reduced by the addition of iron to H2O2 stressed cells. Finally, we show that the previously characterized slow growth phenotype of rrp44-exo− is largely ameliorated during fermentative growth. While the molecular functions of Rrp44 and the RNA exosome have been extensively characterized, our studies characterize how this molecular function affects the physiology of the organism.
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency and Myoclonic Epilepsy

Investigators from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CA, report an adolescent learning-disabled girl who presented at age 14 years with an epilepsy syndrome initially diagnosed as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
Can user tagging help health information seekers

The Web is becoming a regular source of information for health information (HI) seekers. In the United States for example, several studies report that more than 80% of Internet users routinely utilize the Web to obtain medical and health information. While Google searching is by far the default point of access for HI seekers, using expert Web sites such as Medline+ and WebMD is also another alternative for users that are looking for quality content. In addition, health expert Web sites are supported with several advanced querying such as browsing using categories organized either as a hierarchy or in an A-Z search list. This mode of searching supported by expert generated taxonomies or metadata is particularly suitable for discovery purposes. In parallel social Web sites such as Delicious and StumbleUpon are providing Web users with a new opportunity to participate in the process of annotating Web resources. This is particularly true for health data as supported by the large amount of health resources annotated by Delicious for example. In this paper we investigate the relationship between expert health metadata and user annotations where the objective is to determine how they can be combined to provide HI seekers with better means to finding their HI needs. The results of the study show that while there is noticeable overlapping between these two types of data, user tags are clearly a new type of metadata that will play an important role in supporting HI seekers searching/browsing health resources.
Abstract 4385: Effect on retinal function as a mechanism for vision disorders with crizotinib (PF-02341066)

Crizotinib is a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-Met. Crizotinib has been shown to be effective in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. One common adverse event that has been observed is a grade 1 vision disorder (∼45% of patients) characterized as seeing shadows or streaks during changes in lighting conditions. Onset occurs during the first weeks of treatment, with most cases improving with continued treatment and not requiring treatment discontinuation. Such vision disorders were not predicted from preclinical toxicological evaluation of crizotinib. To further understand the possible mechanism of this vision disorder, a rat electroretinography (ERG) study was conducted to determine if retinal function is altered following repeat-dose administration of crizotinib. Male Long-Evans rats (8/group) were administered crizotinib by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for up to 29 days, during which an evaluation of in-life parameters (clinical signs, body weight, and food consumption), ophthalmic examinations, and ERG were performed. As part of the ERG assessment, five light-stimulation protocols were applied to test scotopic (dark-adapted) and photopic (light-adapted) luminance responses, photopic and scotopic adaptometry, and photopic flicker responses. Terminal plasma and vitreous fluid were examined for crizotinib concentrations in main study animals, and a toxicokinetic profile was obtained from a satellite group of 6 animals. Results of the ERG measurements identified a statistically significant (∼30%) reduction in mean b-wave amplitude relative to control during the initial 16 and 32 minutes of dark adaptation on Days 15 (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4385. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4385
Temperature Influences on the Development and Demography of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China

The effects of seven constant temperatures (ranging from 19 to 36°C) on development, longevity, and fecundity of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were investigated in the laboratory. Development of preadults ranged from 30.4 d at 19°C to 17.4 d at 36°C. Egg to adult survival ranged from a high of 50% at 25°C to a low of 28%at 36°C. Adult life spans averaged 155 d at 19°C to 30 d at 36°C. The expectation of life at age 0 of adult females and males did not differ significantly. Females laid the most eggs (1,581 eggs) at 22°C and the fewest (nine eggs) at 36°C. Intrinsic rate of increase ranged from 0.095 at 34°C to 0.005 (individual per female per day) at 36°C. The population had the ability to double with the shortest time at 34°C (7.3 d) to the longest time at 36°C (130.7 d). These data can be used to maximize the production of B. dorsalis from mass-rearing facilities and to develop computer simulation models to predict B. dorsalis development and population dynamics for sterile insect release and male annihilation programs.
334 The Use of Short-Term Ventricular Assist Devices in Children

The Use of Short-Term Ventricular Assist Devices in Children I. Adachi, J.S. Heinle, E.D. McKenzie, M.C. Mcgarry, A.G. Cabrera, A. Jeewa, C.D. Fraser, Jr., D.L.S. Morales. Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; PediatricsCardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX.
Remedies for Consumer Protection: Prevention, Restitution, or Punishment

legal process relating to consumer protection-the federal remedies imposed for fraudulent and deceptive practices. In recent years, a number of innovative legal remedies have been introduced in the field of consumer protection. Many of these were developed to eliminate perceived consumer abuses and have emerged on an ad hoc basis. To date, however, there is no clear consensus as to the effectiveness of these rem-
SiC TO SiC WAFER BONDING

SiC wafers with an RMS roughness of 1.5 nm were bonded in a dedicated ultrahigh vacuum bonding chamber. Successful fusion of wafers was observed at temperatures as low as 800°C under a uniaxial mechanical stress of 20 MPa. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) of a specimen bonded at 1100°C revealed parts of the interface where wafers were in intimate contact, while other parts contained an up to 3 nm thick amorphous carbon interlayer. The bonded SiC retained its high crystalline quality; no extended defects emanating from the interface were observed within the sampling region. Electrical measurements showed that the azimuthal orientation of the bonded couple significantly influences the electrical character of the junction.
Growth and weight of the mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa pacifica.

Growth and weight of Aplodontia rufa pacifica from 2 months of age to maturity are described. Data were obtained by the mark-release-and-recapture method during a 2-year field study from August 1965 to August 1967. A total of 181 mountain beavers were handled. Males outnumbered females in the trapped sample 61.9 per cent to 38.1 per cent, but the sex ratio of 72 young from three succesive breeding seasons was 1:1. Our earliest dates of capture of young mountain beavers were 3 and 15 June. These juveniles were estimated to be from 8 to 10 weeks old and weaned. Adult females were seen lactating from 8 April to 27 May. Young grew rapidly during the first 4 months after birth, but the growth rate diminished in June and July, and became asymptotic in August. This period of retarded growth was maintained at 69 per cent of the adult mean weight. Yearlings gained weight rapidly in spring of their second year, and mean weight in June was 92 per cent of the adult mean weight. Adults averaged 806 grams. Sexual dimorphism in size was pronounced only among adults, with the males consistently heavier than females. Mean weights of both males and females were at a minimum in spring after the breeding season, and at a maximum in July.
Competence in Long-term Perspective

The concept of competence seems to be duovocal. In one sense, competence has been viewed as abilities or attitudes leading to academic and occupational achievement. In the other, competence represents the converse of antisocial, disruptive behavior-what might be viewed as a dimension of social adjustment. The purpose of the present study is to shed light on the development of competence defined both as achievement and as adjustment.
Social Justice as the Moral Core of Family Medicine: A Perspective from the Keystone IV Conference

A recurring conference theme was the essential place of social justice within family medicine, especially the need to focus on denominator populations, exalt the personal and caring qualities of doctoring, and address social determinants of health. Many expressed solidarity with "community," but it is not always easy to define community in our large and diverse nation. Exhortations for health advocacy were frequently voiced, but putting these into meaningful action agendas is a challenge. There was general agreement that medicine is in flux and that the many expressions of "commodity-centered consumerism" have altered organization and financing. The increasing demands by "consumers", who want low cost, instant availability, and shared decision-making, and yet change doctors when health plans alter coverage also differentially impact high-volume, low-margin specialties such as family medicine. Additional challenges were the electronic health record and calibrating an appropriate work/life balance. Five action steps are recommended: 1) speak out on the important social and moral issues; 2) be the experts on personal care; 3) make common cause with potential allies; 4) help institutions perceive the value of generalism; and 5) help find ways to enrich generalist disciplines to increase the joy of medicine and decrease the threat of burn out.
Using HEC-FIA to identify Indirect Economic Losses

The United States Army Corps of Engineers’ Hydrologic Engineering Center developed the HEC-FIA (Flood Impact Analysis) software to assist in the estimation of consequences with uncertainty. By estimating the consequences, the benefits of existing and future flood risk management measures can be evaluated and compared.HEC-FIA utilizes geospatial datasets to help users build structure inventories and assign values and population per structure. Using this information and geospatially derived flood depth grids (provided by most hydraulic models), HEC-FIA estimates direct economic, indirect economic, agricultural, and life loss consequences for flood hazards. HEC-FIA can compute results for a single event in either deterministic mode or in uncertainty mode which utilizes a Monte Carlo approach. The user can define the uncertainties about any structure in the floodplain in many ways, and each has various impacts on the different consequence calculations. For example, foundation heights, structure values, and depth-damage relationships impact economic consequences, while foundation heights, warning issuance times, and fatality rates impact the life loss calculations. All of these parameters can be defined with uncertainty. HEC-FIA can also be linked into HEC-WAT (Watershed Analysis Tool) with the FRA (Flood Risk Analysis) compute option to randomize the hydraulic events being evaluated in HEC-FIA so that hydrologic, hydraulic, geotechnical, and economic uncertainties can all be represented and evaluated by alternative within the floodplain.This paper will describe how HEC-FIA can be utilized to help evaluate the indirect economic consequences for various alternatives within a floodplain. The computational methods for indirect economic losses utilize a Computable General Equilibrium model to describe the secondary and tertiary impacts of loss of service, loss of laborers, and reductions in demand for intermediary goods.