cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Team of rivals: alliance formation in territorial songbirds is predicted by vocal signal structure

Cooperation and conflict are regarded as diametric extremes of animal social behaviour, yet the two may intersect under rare circumstances. We here report that territorial competitors in a common North American songbird species, the chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina), sometimes form temporary coalitions in the presence of simulated territorial intruders. Moreover, analysis of birds’ vocal mating signals (songs) reveals that coalitions occur nearly exclusively under specific triadic relationships, in which vocal performances of allies and simulated intruders exceed those of residents. Our results provide the first evidence that animals like chipping sparrows rely on precise assessments of mating signal features, as well as relative comparisons of signal properties among multiple animals in communication networks, when deciding when and with whom to form temporary alliances against a backdrop of competition and rivalry.
A Bayesian method for classification and discrimination

We discuss Bayesian analyses of traditional normal-mixture models for classification and discrimination. The development involves application of an iterative resampling approach to Monte Carlo inference, commonly called Gibbs sampling, and demonstrates routine application. We stress the benefits of exact analyses over traditional classification and discrimination techniques, including the ease with which such analyses may be performed in a quite general setting, with possibly several normal-mixture components having different covariance matrices, the computation of exact posterior classification probabilities for observed data and for future cases to be classified, and posterior distributions for these probabilities that allow for assessment of second-level uncertainties in classification.
Moore's law lives on [CMOS transistors]

We discuss several device structures suitable for scaling CMOS devices well into the nano-CMOS era, perhaps down below 10 nm physical gate length. The ultra-thin body MOSFET device structure has many features in common with today's bulk MOSFET, which makes it easier for industry to introduce into manufacturing. On the other hand, the double-gate structure as represented by the FinFET appears to offer greater scalability down to 10 nm gate length or perhaps even below. While a number of significant challenges remain to be overcome, including device parasitics, interfaces, and threshold voltage control techniques, it appears that the continued evolution of CMOS integrated circuit technology into this regime will not be impeded by basic limitations of the underlying transistor technology. The implication of this is that "Moore's law" may continue for yet another 15-20 years before the ultimate device limits for CMOS are reached.
Bilingual and monolingual children's use of two lexical acquisition heuristics

Children's heuristics for word learning have been the focus of much research, but little is known about bilinguals' and monolinguals' comparative use of them. In this study, 36 Serbian/ English bilinguals and 42 English monolinguals, who were between 5 and 8 years old and lived in the same neighborhoods in the United States, received a successive name training assessment of two heuristics: criterial use of highlighted features and preservation of mutual exclusivity. Older children employed both heuristics more often than younger ones. Monolinguals were more likely than bilinguals to interpret a highlighted feature as a necessary condition for applying a new English object name, but the groups did not differ in their tendency to maintain mutual exclusivity between the extensions of two novel English labels.
A Nonlinear Constitutive Relationship for Composite Propellants

The mechanical response and the failure of composite solid propellants are known to be related to the formation and growth of vacuoles on the microscopic or macroscopic scale. Failures in composite materials such as composite propellants originate at the filler particle or binder molecular level. These microscopic failures, whether adhesive failures between the binder and filler particles or cohesive failures in the binder, result in vacuole formation. The cumulative effect on all vacuole formation and growth is observed on the macroscopic scale as strain dilatation. The strain dilatation in composite propellants varies with binder type, binder formulation, filler particles, and presumably filler particle size distribution. The strain dilatation caused by vacuole growth and formation results in a nonlinear stress-strain behavior for these materials.
Longitudinal changes in social networks, health and wellbeing among older Koreans

This study investigates the changes in social network types among older adults in South Korea, and it examines whether, and to what extent, these changes influence their health and psychological wellbeing. Data were obtained from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The sample was restricted to respondents over 65 years of age who participated in both the 2006 and 2008 surveys (N = 3,501). The social network types for both years were derived by Latent Class Analysis. Changes in network types over time were then identified. A series of multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of social network changes on self-rated health, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Restricted, Family, Friend and Diverse network types were derived in each wave of the study. Although the direction of social network changes was not always towards the Restricted type, the Restricted network was the most prevalent and stable type among older Koreans. Older adults who remained in or transitioned to restricted types of social networks were more likely to have poor self-rated health, higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of life satisfaction. This study adds to the limited body of literature on longitudinal network typology, and it expands the knowledge of social network types among older adults in diverse social and cultural contexts.
The role of emotion in sociopathy: Contradictions and unanswered questions

Emotion is critical in Mealey's conceptual arguments. However, several of her assertions about the role of emotion in sociopathy are problematic. Questions are raised regarding the link between lack of anxiety and low levels of secondary emotions such as love and sympathy, the argument that sociopaths are low in anxiety but high in neuroticism, and the designation of anxiety as a secondary emotion.
The Non-Wimpy Grassley/Baucus Inversion Bill

In this report, Thompson analyzes the Reversing the Expiration of Profits Offshore (REPO) bill, S. 2119, which seeks to prevent corporate inversion transactions.
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation of Overexpressed VLA-4 in Multiple Myeloma Using LLP2A Imaging Agents

Very-late-antigen-4 (VLA-4, α4β1 integrin, CD49d/CD29) is a transmembrane adhesion receptor that plays an important role in cancer and immune responses. Enhanced VLA-4 expression has been observed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and surrounding stroma. VLA-4 conformational activation has been associated with MM pathogenesis. VLA-4 is a promising MM imaging and therapeutic biomarker. Methods: Specificity of 64Cu-LLP2A (64Cu-CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2A), a high-affinity VLA-4 peptidomimetic–based radiopharmaceutical, was evaluated in α4 knock-out mice and by competitive blocking in wild-type tumor-bearing mice. 64Cu-LLP2A PET/CT (static and dynamic) imaging was conducted in C57BL6/KaLwRij mice bearing murine 5TGM1-GFP syngeneic tumors generated after intravenous injection via the tail. Blood samples were collected for serum protein electrophoresis. Bone marrow and splenic cells extracted from tumor-bearing and control mice (n = 3/group) were coincubated with the optical analog LLP2A-Cy5 and mouse B220, CD4, Gr1, and Mac1 antibodies and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Human radiation dose estimates for 64Cu-LLP2A were extrapolated from mouse biodistribution data (6 time points, 0.78 MBq/animal, n = 4/group). Ten formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bone marrow samples from deceased MM patients were stained with LLP2A-Cy5. Results:64Cu-LLP2A and LLP2A-Cy5 demonstrated high specificity for VLA-4–positive mouse 5TGM1-GFP myeloma and nonmalignant inflammatory host cells such as T cells and myeloid/monocytic cells. Ex vivo flow cytometric analysis supported a direct effect of myeloma on increased VLA-4 expression in host hematopoietic microenvironmental elements. SUVs and the number of medullar lesions detected by 64Cu-LLP2A PET corresponded with increased monoclonal (M) protein (g/dL) in tumor-bearing mice over time (3.29 ± 0.58 at week 0 and 9.97 ± 1.52 at week 3). Dynamic PET with 64Cu-LLP2A and 18F-FDG demonstrated comparable SUV in the prominent lesions in the femur. Human radiation dose estimates indicated urinary bladder wall as the dose-limiting organ (0.200 mGy/MBq), whereas the dose to the red marrow was 0.006 mGy/MBq. The effective dose was estimated to be 0.017 mSv/MBq. Seven of the ten human samples displayed a high proportion of cells intensely labeled with LLP2A-Cy5 probe. Conclusion:64Cu-LLP2A and LLP2A-Cy5 demonstrated binding specificity for VLA-4 in an immune-competent murine MM model. 64Cu-LLP2A displayed favorable dosimetry for human studies and is a potential imaging candidate for overexpressed VLA-4.
Effects of NSM CFRP Bars in Shear Strengthening of Concrete Members

This paper presents the results of an experimental study that investigated the shear strength contribution of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars attached with concrete beams using near surface mounted (NSM) technique. In this research, four concrete beams were cast with regular steel reinforcement in flexure. The control beam had typical shear steel and the other three beams were strengthened in shear with CFRP bars. Strain gages were attached with the shear reinforcement of all four beams at various shear critical locations. Strains during loading to failure of the beams were recorded using a data acquisition system. Performance of NSM technique was found to be very effective with no occurrence of delamination, debonding or fracture of FRP. Effective strains in the NSM CFRP bars were determined through analyzing the collected strain data. A new formula to calculate the nominal shear strength provided by NSM CFRP bars has also been proposed.
Strength of the Pnicogen Bond in Complexes Involving Group Va Elements N, P, and As

A set of 36 pnicogen homo- and heterodimers, R3E···ER3 and R3E···E′R3′, involving differently substituted group Va elements E = N, P, and As has been investigated at the ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory to determine the strength of the pnicogen bond with the help of the local E···E′ stretching force constants ka. The latter are directly related to the amount of charge transferred from an E donor lone pair orbital to an E′ acceptor σ* orbital, in the sense of a through-space anomeric effect. This leads to a buildup of electron density in the intermonomer region and a distinct pnicogen bond strength order quantitatively assessed via ka. However, the complex binding energy ΔE depends only partly on the pnicogen bond strength as H,E-attractions, H-bonding, dipole–dipole, or multipole–multipole attractions also contribute to the stability of pnicogen bonded dimers. A variation from through-space anomeric to second order hyperonjugative, and skewed π,π interactions is observed. Charge transfer into a π* subs...
Lumbar spondylolysis in the adolescent athlete

Abstract Introduction Spondylolysis is a common occurrence for adolescent athletes who have low back pain. The injury involves a defect in the pars interarticularis, occurring as a result of repeated hyperextension and rotation. Clinical presentation Clinical findings might include tightness of the hip flexors and hamstrings, weakness of the abdominals and gluteals, and an excessive lordotic posture. The validity of several clinical tests were compared alongside magnetic resonance imaging, but were not able to distinguish spondylolysis from other causes of low back pain. Medical referral should be arranged so that medical imaging and diagnostic testing can be completed to insure a proper diagnosis. Interventions Initial intervention includes rest from sport, which may vary from 2 weeks to 6 months. Bracing is also used to help minimize lumbar lordosis and lumbar extension. Exercises that focus on stabilization and spine neutral position should be incorporated in physical therapy intervention. Avoiding end ranges is important while performing exercises to minimize the translational and rotational stresses on the spine. Surgical interventions have also been recommended for athletes who have had persistent low back pain for more than six months with no relief from rest and bracing.
The occupational health partnership program : a new paradigm for occupational health services

For a variety of reasons, occupational health services at Army Material Command installations became severely strained during the 1980s. The Occupational Health Partnership Program, developed to improve this support, describes control, responsibility, and cost sharing between Army Materiel Command and Army Medical Command. This innovative approach is finding new solutions to challenging problems. The authors describe the history, principles, status, and possible future of the partnership program.
Emerging Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains an important public health problem in the USA and worldwide. Existing treatments involve surgery for early cancers and a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, depending on the disease, and for more advanced cancers. In 2006, cetuximab was approved for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC, yet response rates remain modest. A diverse cohort of new targets is emerging for the treatment of HNSCC. Broadly, these targets can be classified as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase pathway signaling within malignant epithelial cell signaling, modifiers/inhibitors of cell cycle machinery, or modulators of the tumor microenvironment. Herein we describe the basic molecular biology of each target, supporting preclinical evidence, and published and ongoing clinical trials in the treatment of HNSCC.
Maximization Techniques for Oilfield Development Profits

En 1981, Nind a developpe une formule qui permet de calculer le nombre optimal de puits de developpement necessaire dans un champ de petrole afin de maximiser le profit. Cette formule est valable pour un prix de vente fixe du produit, une mise en production simultanee de tous les puits qui ont un profil de production identique et presentent un declin exponentiel avec le temps. Dans cet article, l'utilisation de cete formule est generalisee aux cas ou les puits ne sont pas mis en production simultanement et ou il existe des fluctuations du prix de vente.
AMP-B-SBL: An algorithm for clustered sparse signals using approximate message passing

Recently, we proposed an algorithm for the single measurement vector problem where the underlying sparse signal has an unknown clustered pattern. The algorithm is essentially a sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm simplified via the approximate message passing (AMP) framework. Treating the cluster pattern is controlled via a knob that accounts for the amount of clumpiness in the solution. The parameter corresponding to the knob is learned using expectation-maximization algorithm. In this paper, we provide further study by comparing the performance of our algorithm with other algorithms in terms of support recovery, mean-squared error, and an example in image reconstruction in a compressed sensing fashion.
Persistent double dorsal aorta: A systematic review of the literature

Our discovery of a case of persistent double dorsal aorta prompted us to systematically review the literature of all previously reported cases of this anomaly. For our case, we present a completely separated double dorsal aorta, with the right accessory aorta arising from the abdominal aorta and ascending through the aortic hiatus to supply posterior intercostal arteries (PIAs) to the 9th-3rd spaces bilaterally. We examined and compiled data from the 10 previously reported cases, along with our observations from our cadaver, into a systematic review of all known cases of persistent double dorsal aorta. In addition to our case report and systematic review, we investigated the literature focusing on formation of the dorsal aorta in the embryo in order to postulate potential mechanisms for formation of this anomaly. Two variants of persistent double dorsal aorta have been reported in the literature. The first type is characterized by a double-lumen descending aorta with a central dividing septum, and the second features complete separation of the two dorsal aortae. The completely separated variant shows further heterogeneity in the origins of the PIAs and the iliac arteries, and the majority of the reported cases also demonstrate additional anatomical anomalies. We outline the events in embryonic dorsal aorta formation as well as discuss several potential mechanisms that could underlie persistent double dorsal aorta formation. Clin. Anat. 30:517-524, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personalized Gaming for Motivating Social and Behavioral Science Participation

Game-like environments are increasingly used for conducting research due to the affordances that such environments offer. However, the problem remains that such environments treat their users equally. In order to address this, personalization is necessary. In this paper we discuss the need to personalize gamified research environments to motivate participation by illustrating a playful platform called Mad Science, which is being developed to allow users to create social and behavioral studies. This discussion is both informed by the platform's affordances and use thus far as well as existing theories on player motivation, and contributes to theory-informed approaches to (gamified) personalization technologies.
Rice yield prediction model using data mining

Food is perhaps the most important aspect of life, for, without it, humankind can't survive. Hence, storing food becomes an absolute compulsion for countries all over the world, especially the developing ones. The critical aspect the governments of such countries want to fulfill is storing enough food for the long term, particularly at a time of natural disaster. Bangladesh is a low-lying region, hence the estimation of food is very demanding. In this paper, we attempt to forecast the yield of rice with astute analysis.
H. Ramsden, The 1898 movement in Spain. Towards a reinterpretation with special reference to "En torno al casticismo" and "Idearium español". Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1974; 212 pp.

Se reseno el libro: The 1898 movement in Spain. Towards a reinterpretation with special reference to "En torno al casticismo" and "Idearium espanol".
Crosstalk between the Androgen Receptor and PPAR Gamma Signaling Pathways in the Prostate

Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that play critical roles in the regulation of normal biological processes and several disease states. Of the nuclear receptors expressed within the prostate, the androgen receptor (AR) promotes the differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells and stimulates production of enzymes needed for liquefaction of semen. Multiple forms of AR also promote the growth of both early and late stage prostate cancers. As a result, drugs that target the AR signaling pathway are routinely used to treat patients with advanced forms of prostate cancer. Data also suggest that a second member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), is a tumor suppressor that regulates growth of normal prostate and prostate cancers. Recent studies indicate there is a bidirectional interaction between AR and PPARγ, with each receptor influencing the expression and/or activity of the other within prostatic tissues. In this review, we examine how AR and PPARγ each regulate the growth and development of normal prostatic epithelial cells and prostate cancers. We also discuss interactions between the AR and PPARγ signaling pathways and how those interactions may influence prostate biology.
Clay Materials Used in Construction.G. M. Reeves, I. Sims and J. C. Cripps (editors). Geological Society, London, 2006, Engineering Geology Special Publication, 21, 525 pp. ISBN 978-1-86239-184-0, Price GB £100.00.

This unique volume contains a wealth of information on clay minerals, their composition, formation and alteration, properties, world clay deposits, exploration, textural analysis, laboratory testing, earthworks, earth moving, specialized applications, earthen architecture, brick and other ceramic products and cement. Also included are four appendices and a very useful glossary. The references at the end of each chapter are extensive …
Abstract 11369: Circulating Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids and Heart Failure

Introduction: Myocardial fibrosis with apoptosis contributes to heart failure (HF), and ceramides, with their role in apoptosis, may contribute to this pathophysiological process. However, experimental studies show that ceramides carrying a VLSFA are in fact protective against apoptosis, providing strong evidence that very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFA) impart different biological activity to ceramides. Hypothesis: Circulating VLSFA are associated with lower risk of HF. Methods: We addressed this hypothesis in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a prospective study of older adults (mean age 72 at entry) with repeated measures of plasma phospholipid fatty acids. Circulating fatty acids were measured at the study baseline in 1992-93, and again where possible, in the 6 th year and 13 th year of follow-up, in plasma phospholipids. We assessed the associations of three VLSFA, arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0) and lignoceric acid (24:0), with risk of incident HF using Cox regression with time-dependent covariates and fatty acids. Results: The analyses included 4,060 CHS participants with fatty acid data at least at one time point. During 43,430 person-years, we identified 1228 incident HF. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, center, blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking, history of coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and current use of antihypertensive medications, higher levels of 22:0 and 24:0 were associated with lower risk of incident HF (Table). With further adjustment for fatty acids previously found to be associated with HF, all three VLSFA were associated with lower risk of incident HF. Conclusions: Higher levels of circulating VLSFA are associated with lower risk of incident HF. These novel findings may open a new avenue of research into these little studied saturated fatty acids and their possible beneficial role in preventing HF.
Beyond Budgeting: Public-Service Financial Education in the 21st Century

AbstractThis paper addresses a growing mismatch between the business problems confronting public and nonprofit employees, and the financial analysis and management skills commonly taught in graduat...
The influence of behavioral factors on the daily variation of blood pressure.

Blood pressure (BP) changes continually throughout the day and night in response to changes in activity and in the environment. Behavioral influences include posture, physical and mental activity, and emotional state. The absolute magnitude of these influences may show consistent differences according to demographic factors such as gender and environment (eg, at work or at home). Occupational stress appears to have a greater effect on the BP in men than in women, while domestic stress (eg, the number of children) influences BP more in women. Ambulatory BP recordings should be interpreted according to the behavioral setting in which they are made
Phonon Conduction in Hexagonal Crystals Exhibiting Extreme Elastic Anisotrophy

Striking differences (more than several orders of magnitude) are predicted in the intensity of phonons propagating ballistically along different directions to the c axis in hexagonal crystals exhibiting extreme elastic anisotropy. Calculations of the boundary-scattered phonon conductivity for long rods of square cross section predict anisotropy ratios λ11/λ⊥ due to phonon focusing of more than 70 for samples having the elastic constants of CAP graphite. Furthermore, the anisotropy ratio λ11/λ⊥ increased from less than unity to more than 100 as the sample dimension ratio d11/d⊥ was varied from 0.1 to 10. Corrections to Casimir’s theory generalized to include phonon focusing have been derived for samples in which a fraction of the phonons are specularly reflected from the side and end faces, and for samples in which a fraction of the phonons are specularly transmitted through domain walls. Calculations performed for CAP graphite near 1°K show little significant change in the anisotropy ratio λ11/λ⊥ if transmission of ballistic phonons occurs through grain boundaries, but reductions in λ11/λ⊥ by more than a factor of 20 can be realized if reflection rather than transmission occurs at grain boundaries perpendicular to the c axis.
The Modernization of China and Japan

In recent years I have published some of my reflections on the modernization of Japan and China. What I am now going to state is a summary and restatement of what I have been thinking on this fascinating subject during these years.
Risk Factors for Posttracheostomy Tracheal Stenosis

Objective To determine the incidence of posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis and to investigate variables related to the patient, hospitalization, or operation that may affect stenosis rates. Study Design A combined retrospective cohort and case-control study. Setting Tertiary care academic medical center. Subjects and Methods A total of 1656 patients who underwent tracheostomy at a tertiary care medical center from January 2011 to November 2016 were reviewed for evidence of subsequent tracheal stenosis on airway endoscopy or computed tomography. Forty-three confirmed cases of posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis (PTTS) were compared with a subgroup of 319 controls. Factors including medical comorbidity, type and setting of tracheostomy, and hospitalization details were analyzed. Results Five-year incidence of PTTS was 2.6%. Obesity was the sole demographic factor associated with stenosis. Hospitalization-related variables associated with stenosis included tracheostomy after 10 days of orotracheal intubation and endotracheal tube cuff pressure ≥30 mm H2O. The surgical variables associated with higher rates of stenosis included percutaneous technique and insertion of an initial tracheostomy tube size >6. Bjork flap creation was negatively associated with stenosis. In multivariable analysis, obesity and insertion of tracheostomy tube size >6 were identified as risk factors. Conclusion Greater than 10 days of orotracheal intubation prior to tracheostomy and endotracheal tube cuff pressure ≥30 mm H2O were associated with greater rates of subsequent tracheal stenosis. The only patient-related factor associated with tracheal stenosis was obesity. Surgical variables associated with increased rates of subsequent stenosis included placement of a tracheostomy tube size >6, use of percutaneous technique, and failure to create a Bjork flap.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Sub-synchronous Resonance for a 500 kV Series Compensated Transmission System

Qualitative and quantitative analysis are employed to estimate the possibility of sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) for a 500kV series compensated transmission system in this paper. Firstly, the torsional mode frequencies and mode shapers in sub-synchronous band are calculated by analysis method. Secondly, the impedances in different frequencies are computed after processing this system at the instance of frequency scanning principle, and then according to impedance-frequency curve, the risk of SSR for the system is evaluated qualitatively. Finally, the time-domain simulation is adopted to the system at different operating conditions on the basis of PSCAD/EMTDC. The results show that the shaft torsional vibration modal calculated by analysis method and time-domain simulation are consistent; the shaft torsional vibration intensity and modal vary a lot from operating conditions; under the condition that the electrical and mechanical parameters are the same, with the number of parallel generator increasing, the interaction of different units is more apparent and the shaft torsional vibration intensity is more serious; the torsional vibration will not take place at the shaft in generator segment under any conditions.
Neonatal influenza-specific effector CTLs retain elevated CD31 levels at the site of infection and have decreased IFN-γ production

The underlying mechanisms that regulate neonatal immune suppression are poorly characterized. CD31 (PECAM1) is highly expressed on neonatal lymphocytes and is a known modulator of TCR signaling. To further characterize the role of CD31 in the neonatal CTL response, 3-d and 7-d-old murine neonates were infected with influenza virus and compared to adults. The majority of the pulmonary viral-specific CTLs in the 3-d-old murine neonate retain CD31 expression, whereas adult CTLs have decreased CD31 expression. In addition, CD31+ neonatal viral-specific CTLs demonstrate decreased IFN-γ production, decreased proliferative capacity, and increased likelihood of death. At the peak of infection, sorted neonatal effector CTLs continue to transcribe CD31, indicating a developmental regulation of expression. To explore potential mechanisms for this reduced function, we compared the expression of the transcription factors Eomesodermin (Eomes) and T-bet; there was a significant increase in Eomes paired with a reduction in T-bet in CD31+ neonatal effector CTLs in the lung. Furthermore, in vitro stimulated neonatal CTLs significantly reduce IFN-γ production upon CD31 signaling. Altogether, these data indicate that neonatal CTLs may retain elevated levels of CD31 to maintain peripheral T cell suppression during the bridge to ex utero life.
Refutation Texts: A New Approach to Changing Public Misconceptions about Education Policy.

Individuals often have misconceptions about education policy issues. Prior research has shown that refutation texts can address misconceptions in other areas (e.g., climate change, GMOs); this stud...
African American Cancer Disparities and Compassion

African American patients tend to have worse overall rates of cancer survival compared to white patients due to racial disparities in screening, diagnosis, and treatment management. In this paper, I explore this issue by looking at the racial disparities that emerge in screening, diagnosing, and treating various types of cancer. The implicit bias that is present when healthcare clinicians interact with African American patients influences the cancer survival rate for this population. One possible solution to address this problem would be to establish and practice medicine with an emphasis on compassion. A compassion-based model of medicine will allow for healthcare clinicians to prioritize their patients' needs, setting aside their own assumptions and healthcare system priorities in the process. I advocate for two policy implications related to using a compassion-based model of medicine: 1) teaching and training healthcare clinicians the importance of compassionate care early on in medical education, and 2) implementation of guidelines for those already practicing to help them move toward compassionate care.
Intramolecular C-H Functionalization Followed by a [2σ + 2π] Addition via an Intermediate Nickel-Nitridyl Complex.

Irradiation of a disphenoidal Ni(II) azido complex, [CztBu(PyriPr)2NiN3] (1), revealed an unprecedented nickel complex, [CztBu(PyriPr)(NH2–PyriPr)] (2), in >90% isolated yield. As evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 2 is produced by double intramolecular C–H activation of a putative nickel–nitridyl intermediate, [CztBu(PyriPr)2Ni–N•]. Calculations support the generation of an intermediate with significant nitridyl radical character after the loss of N2, which, in turn, undergoes tandem C–H activations, leading to functionalized intermediates and products. This is an unprecedented example of transient Ni–N•-promoted intramolecular C–H functionalization, followed by a [2σ + 2π] addition, yielding bis-metallacyclic product 2. Complex 2 is also observed from the reaction of Ni(I) precursor CztBu(PyriPr)2Ni (3) and Me3SiN3, suggesting a unique thermal route toward a masked nickel–nitridyl intermediate.
Discovering Biology with Broadband Coherent Raman Imaging

Spectroscopic coherent Raman imaging (CRI) methods allow label-free, chemically specific imaging of materials and biological systems, and are opening up many exciting possibilities for understanding phenomena in these systems. I will briefly introduce broadband spectroscopic coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) microscopy, discussing some of the key concepts that make this method practical. I will also present selected application examples from studies on C. elegans metabolism and human cytomegalovirus infection that highlight the utility of BCARS for discovering new biology through in-depth characterization of highly complex biological systems.
A "Can-Do" Attitude for Students with Disabilities: Special Education in Rural Charter Schools.

ABSTRACTCharter schools are often the only alternative to traditional public schools for students with disabilities in rural communities. Part of a larger study, we employed a qualitative multiple ...
The Gravity of Culture for Finance

Scholarship in finance has paid relatively little attention to the role of culture in financial decision-making relative to other business disciplines and economics. This paper will review what research has been done to date including a critical assessment of the key databases used to measure differences in cultural values. Notwithstanding the concerns with the measures of cultural values, I conduct an empirical analysis of the role of cultural distance for explaining the foreign bias in international portfolio holdings using traditional gravity models in economics. I affirm the statistical explanatory power of culture for these investment biases and outline several new potential directions for research.
Dysregulation of type I interferon responses in COVID-19.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but the production of type I interferons, which are key antiviral mediators, is reportedly blunted. Here, we discuss how imbalanced interferon responses may contribute to the pathology of COVID-19. In this Comment, Michaela Gack and colleagues discuss how the dysregulation of type I interferon responses may contribute to COVID-19 pathology.
Consequences of bacterial resistance to disinfection by iodine in potable water

This study was done to quantify the sensitivity of bacteria to iodine under controlled laboratory conditions. When exposed to 1 mg/1 I2 for 1 min, bacteria isolated from the Shuttle were more resistant than a P. aeruginosa isolated from a povidine-iodine solution. Cultures grown in rich media were more sensitive than those grown in low nutrient solutions. The P. aeruginosa and a P. cepacia isolated from the Shuttle were resuspended in PBW after exposure to iodine. Iodinated cells recovered better than uniodinated controls. Pseudomonads in biofilms developed on coupons of stainless steel were more resistant to iodine than cells suspended in buffered water. Although resistant bacteria may colonize spacecraft water systems, multiple treatment barriers should provide adequate control of these contaminants.
Sedatives and hypnotics

Abstract Sedatives and hypnotics are groups of medications that work by suppressing the central nervous system (CNS) mainly by targeting GABAA receptors. Benzodiazepines (BZD), benzodiazepine-receptor agonists, selective melatonin agonists are some examples of drug classes that fall under sedatives and hypnotics which are most often used for treatment of insomnia and anxiety among other indications. This chapter reviews publications describing side effects related to sedatives and hypnotics published from January 2019–December 2019. The drug classes that will be discussed in this chapter include: benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, non-benzodiazepine receptor agonists including melatonin receptor agonists and dual orexin receptor antagonists. The role of genetic polymorphism in the metabolism of specific sedatives and hypnotics will also discussed in a special review.
Intake of low and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) by the Brazilian population.

Estimated intake of six low and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) (acesulfame potassium, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, steviol glycosides and sucralose) from processed foods and beverages, as well as...
An Overview of Research on Secondary Traumatic Stress in K-12 Teaching: What We Know and What We Still Need to Learn

Secondary traumatic stress (STS) has a significant adverse impact on many in the teaching profession. STS can be described as the symptoms of extreme stress experienced from direct exposure to trau...
Multiphysics simulation of phase field interface development and geomechanical deformation in radio frequency heating of oil shale

Abstract A novel multiphysics finite element framework, developed to numerically model in-situ pyrolysis of oil shale by radio frequency heating in a two-dimensional (2D) domain, is extended to include deformation analysis of the target formation and adjacent regions as a result of dielectric heating. This framework is constructed by explicitly coupling equations describing thermal, phase field front tracking, mechanical deformation and electromagnetics (TPME) to track the conversion of high yield oil shale to liquid oil. The finite element method is used to model heat generation by the conversion of electromagnetic energy in the formation then the solid-liquid conversion interface is tracked by the Allen-Cahn phase field method. The objective of this work is to analyze the evolution of the conversion interface and the subsequent mechanical deformation of the target formation by evaluating disparate geologic model descriptions to capture the anticipated subsurface behavior. These geologic models possess variations in complexity so that the appropriate level of detail in the geological model description can be assessed for further TPME simulation studies of radio frequency heating. The evaluated geologic models include those which are comprised of: heterogeneous or homogeneous high yield kerogen-rich properties in addition to the inclusion or omission of under- and overburden surrounding the target formation at varying electrode separation distances and applied electromagnetic frequencies. Parameterization of the numerical model was performed following characteristics of the Green River oil shale. Results show the variation in conversion interface of solid kerogen to liquid oil by way of interface arrival times at domain boundaries as well as the extent of formation deformation under the disparate geological model descriptions. Based on these results oil shale conversion timelines are compared and highlight the need to include mechanical deformation analysis of the target formation, including a kerogen-poor under- and overburden, in the numerical modeling of radio frequency heating as a process of oil shale in-situ pyrolysis.
‘A Voice Crying in the Wilderness’: Issues of Authorship, Performance, and Transcription in the Italian Frottola

For many years, scholars have represented the frottola repertory as light-hearted, frivolous, often bawdy songs – the purview of the uneducated – and many of them are exactly this. But within this ...
Epithermal Neutron Time-of-Flight Facility Using Research Reactor at Penn State

An epithermal neutron time-of-flight (TOF) facility is being developed at the Penn State Breazeale Reactor (PSBR). Various novel designs of a mechanical neutron chopper are being explored to produce nearly monoenergetic pulses of neutrons up to 40 eV. These neutrons will be used for epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) for material samples from various stages of nuclear fuel cycle, as well for epithermal-neutron imaging (ENI). Specifically, four different mechanical chopper designs are currently being investigated and each design is intended to act as a mechanical shutter to pulse a continuous neutron beam at PSBR. Fermi choppers and disc choppers are compared to two novel design approaches; pistons and rings. The piston chopper offers the ability to carry a sufficient amount of absorbing material at the expense of a small slit width. The ring chopper is able to act as a monochromator due to its inherent geometry; however, the inertial stresses of a rotating ring impose theoretical limits for pulse intensity and energy resolution.
Homonational tongue?: Onē-Kotoba (Queen’s Language) among Tokyo amateur gay volleyballers

Abstract This ethnographic writing animates the communal role of language through onē-kotoba (queen’s language) among Ni-chōme volleyballers (amateur volleyball-loving gay men in Tokyo). This gayly effeminate speech style remains firmly entrenched in Japanese media-representations of gay male characters despite its alleged rejection by actual gay men as well as its problematic characterization as being disrespectful to women. By adopting an ethnographic approach anchored in performance studies, I address onē-kotoba not in media but one real, perhaps unexpected, context of use. As Ni-chōme volleyballers swing between discretion and disclosure by fashioning language(/gender), such tactical performance of onē-kotoba lubricates an aesthetically pro-silence erotic play in tension with Japan’s – retrospectively and arguably – family-oriented, if not homophobic, sociocultural orientation resistant to “out-and-proud” activism. Overall, this ethnographic research highlights the enduring difficulty of radical coalition among diverse populations, as I spotlight Ni-chōme volleyballers by discussing what has been in Japan in relation to the Euro-American resistance-minded queer theory.
Antineoplastic agents 100

Abstract An intensive investigation of the marine animal AAmathia convoluta (Bryozoa phylum) for antineoplastic constituents has led to the isolation and structural determination of bryostatin 8 (2). A total of 100 kg of Amathia convoluta was required to obtain some 4.2 mg of bryostatin 8. Evaluation of bryostatin 8 against the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia showed substantial inhibition of growth (PS, cell line ED50, 1.3 × 10-3, T/C 174 at 0.11 mg kg ). A major part of the very strong antineoplastic activity exhibited by fractions prepared from Amathia convoluta was accounted for by the isolation of bryostatins 4 (1a), 5 (1c) and 6 (1b). All three bryostatins were obtained in yields comparable to that of bryostatin 8 and appear derived from the closely related marine bryozoan Bugula neritina. The epiphytic-like relationship of Bugula neritina to Amathia convoluta is discussed.
Tax expense surprises and future returns

We investigate whether surprises in quarterly tax expense predict future returns, after controlling for surprises in after-tax book income. We find that seasonally-differenced quarterly tax expense, our proxy for tax expense surprise, is positively related to future returns over the next two quarters. We confirm that this anomalous link is separate from other anomalies documented in the prior literature, such as size, book-to-market, accruals, and price momentum, as well as two anomalies related to tax variables. While higher expense might intuitively imply bad news, in this case higher tax expense signals good news as it is positively related to pre and after-tax income. Our results suggest that this good news is incorporated in stock prices with a delay because investors do not recognize fully the ability of tax expense surprises to predict two key variables that are released in the next two quarters—future book income and future tax expense.
Targeting mTOR signaling pathways and related negative feedback loops for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

An accumulating understanding of the complex pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continues to lead to promising therapeutic approaches. Among the key aberrant intracellular signaling pathways involved in AML, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) axis is of major interest. This axis modulates a wide array of critical cellular functions, including proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Pharmacologic inhibitors of components of this pathway have been developed over the past decade, but none has an established role in the treatment of AML. This review will discuss the preclinical data and clinical results driving ongoing attempts to exploit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in patients with AML and address issues related to negative feedback loops that account for leukemic cell survival. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is of high interest for the treatment of AML, but combination therapies with other targeted agents may be needed to block negative feedback...
Factors Influencing the Progression of Renal Insufficiency

I T HAS BEEN recognized for many years that when patients with chronic renal disease sustain a major reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), there is usually an inexorable progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). I The time from renal insufficiency to ESRD varies greatly among patients but usually it is measured in months or a few years.2,3 The progression of renal insufficiency to ESRD occurs regardless of the underlying primary renal disease. Mitch et al. * and Rutherford et al. 3 made an intriguing observation confirmed by others4 that the rate of progression of renal failure tends to be constant for a given patient. There is an inverse relationship between the creatinine clearance in an individual patient and the duration of time since onset of renal insufficiency. This relationship is also expressed by an inverse correlation between the reciprocal of the serum creatinine (l/serum creatinine) or the log serum creatinine and time. The latter relationships have been of particular use in retrospective evaluations of progression of renal failure when creatinine clearance measurements were not available. The rate constant between GFR and time varies greatly from patient to patient, even among individuals with the same underlying renal disease. The correlation coefficient for this rate constant is 0.70 or greater in at least 86 % of patients with renal insufficiency2-4 and can be altered by the occurrence of superimposed disorders which affect renal function. Thus, the development of hypertension or urinary obstruction can accelerate the rate of progression of renal failure while relief of obstruction may attenuate the process. The fact that the rate of progression of renal failure in most individuals with renal insufficiency is constant has added weight to the argument that well defined processes, which may be unrelated to the initial underlying renal disease, contribute to the progression of renal failure. There has been much speculation concerning the cause of progression of renal failure. At one time, there was an erroneous belief that a substantial proportion of renal disease was caused by streptococcal infection and that progressive azotemia was due to the natural sequelae of the infectious process.5.6 Another theory contended that scarring and