cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disrupting Dominant Narratives: Mental Health, Early Warning Systems, and Threat Construction

Early warning systems (EWS) have been adopted by public school districts to identify students who may compromise school safety. These systems record retention data, including high absenteeism, failing grades, disciplinary violations, and low standardized test scores. Many school districts use this data to label students with “mental health problems” and “antisocial behaviors,” though this data may just as likely indicate a lack of privilege. In many cases, students identified by EWS must be threat-assessed by school personnel and law enforcement. By linking retention data with mental health (MH) concerns and the threat of violence so explicitly, identification by an EWS can replicate dominant narratives about individuals with MH concerns. My project illuminates these injustices through analysis of EWS usage in Florida school districts.
Graph Distances and Controllability of Networks

In this technical note, we study the controllability of diffusively coupled networks from a graph theoretic perspective. We consider leader-follower networks, where the external control inputs are injected to only some of the agents, namely the leaders. Our main result relates the controllability of such systems to the graph distances between the agents. More specifically, we present a graph topological lower bound on the rank of the controllability matrix. This lower bound is tight, and it is applicable to systems with arbitrary network topologies, coupling weights, and number of leaders. An algorithm for computing the lower bound is also provided. Furthermore, as a prominent application, we present how the proposed bound can be utilized to select a minimal set of leaders for achieving controllability, even when the coupling weights are unknown.
An Optical and X-ray Examination of Two Radio Supernova Remnant Candidates in 30 Doradus

The giant HII region 30 Doradus is known for its violent internal motions and bright diffuse X-ray emission, suggesting the existence of supernova remnants (SNRs), but no nonthermal radio emission has been detected. Recently, Lazendic et al. compared the H-alpha/H-beta and radio/H-alpha ratios and suggested two small radio sources to be nonthermal and thus SNR candidates; however, no optical or X-ray counterparts were detected. We have used high-resolution optical images and high-dispersion spectra to examine the morphological, spectral, and kinematic properties of these two SNR candidates, and still find no optical evidence supporting their identification as SNRs. We have also determined the X-ray luminosities of these SNR candidates, and find them 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than those commonly seen in young SNRs. High extinction can obscure optical and X-ray signatures of an SNR, but would prohibit the use of a high radio/H-alpha ratio to identify nonthermal radio emission. We suggest that the SNR candidate MCRX J053831.8-690620 is associated with a young star forming region; while the radio emission originates from the obscured star forming region, the observed optical emission is dominated by the foreground. We suggest that the SNR candidate MCRX J053838.8-690730 is associated with a dust/molecular cloud, which obscures some optical emission but not the radio emission.
Probleme mit dem Urknall

Die Kosmologie des heisen Urknalls, die wir bisher besprochen haben, ist eine sehr gut funktionierende Theorie.
Power Converters: A Growing Challenge To Grid Stability? [Viewpoint]

Over the last 20 years, there has been a revolution as inverter-connected renewable generation has moved from being a novelty to the mainstream. Although they facilitate a huge reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the high penetration of these inverter resources is seen as a risk to system stability by many grid operators. T here have been numerous incidents of small cascade generator disconnections rightfully blamed directly on the inverter-based resource specification and designs. In some regions, inverter-based resources are already more than 50% of the total capacity. Power systems engineers are aware that grid stability will become increasingly challenging in the future as we move closer to 100% inverter-connected resources.
P23. How important is losing weight for the spine patient? The utility of simple weight measurements in preoperative optimization for spinal surgery

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Orthopedic and neurosurgeons who specialize in spine surgery spend a significant amount of time and energy in their patient selection. While it is apparent that patients who appear "healthy" tend to succeed, there is a surprising paucity of data in the spine literature to quantify the benefits of weight loss in spinal surgery. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients undergoing spine surgery from 2011-2015 who were registered with the National Surgery Quality Improvement Project Participant Use Data File, and reviewed the effect of mean weight of the surgical patient with 30-day postsurgical outcomes including: surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, postoperative pneumonia, reintubation, pulmonary embolism, failure to wean off the ventilator, renal insufficiency, renal failure, urinary tract infection, myocardial infarction, bleeding complications requiring transfusion, deep venous thrombosis, readmission rates and reoperation rates. RESULTS In a sample of 2,876 patients who underwent spinal procedures (determined by the use of CPT codes 22010-22899, and codes 62263-63746), preoperative weight was determined to significantly correlate with 30-day postoperative risk of superficial site infections but notably not with deep incisional infections, occurrences of pulmonary embolisms but notably not of deep venous thrombosis, bleeding complications requiring transfusion, and occurrences of sepsis. Superficial Surgical Site Infections: significantly associated (p = 0.015)No Superficial Infections: 184.6 (45.3)Superficial Surgical Infections: 209.3 (53.8)Deep Surgical Wound Infections: not significantly associated (p = 0.985)No Deep Surgical Wound Infections: 184.9 (54.8)Deep Surgical Wound Infections: 184.8 (45.3)Deep Venous Thrombosis: not significantly associated (p = 0.334)No DVT: 184.7 (45.4)DVT: 193.7 (49.5)Pulmonary Embolisms: significantly associated (p = 0.020)No PE: 184.7 (45.4)PE: 215.2 (44.1)Sepsis: significantly associated (p = 0.032)No Sepsis: 184.6 (45.3)Sepsis: 206.0 (57.1) CONCLUSIONS Choosing the appropriate surgical candidates is paramount as a spine surgeon. There is much evidence for how to identify patients at risk for devastating postoperative complications, but spine surgeons should keep in mind that simple parameters such as weight are an effective screening tool for poor surgical candidates. Particularly in cases of elective spine surgery, a simple weight measurement in the office can save time and money when identifying high-risk patients. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Magic and the Supernatural in Medieval English Romance

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Corinne Saunders Year: 2010 Pages: 300 Publisher: Boydell and Brewer ISBN: 9781843842217 (hard cover). Prices: $95.00 USD(hard cover).
The Case of the “Sick Tarzan”: A Challenging Case History

The following case is presented in some detail in order that the reader may use a systems-contextual framework in analyzing the history. Rational and comprehensive management plans should emerge from the data arranged according to the patient evaluation grid (PEG).
Spatial in Formation

Theoretical Morphology The Concept and Its Applications. George R. McGhee Jr. Columbia University Press, New York, 1999. 328 pp. $60, £48. ISBN 0-231-10666-1. Paper, $26.50, £13.95. ISBN 0-231-10667-X. Paleobiologist McGhee reviews approaches to examining the range of possible biological forms through considerations of geometric parameters and simulations of morphogenetic processes.
Mean Field Effects in Heavy-Ion Collisions at AGS Energies

In the framework of a newly developed relativistic transport model for high energy heavy-ion collisions we study mean field effects in heavy-ion collisions at AGS energies. It is found that in central collisions of Au + Au at P beam /A = 11.6 GeV/c a simple, Skyrme-type nuclear mean field satisfying the causality requirement reduces the maximum baryon and energy densities reached in the cascade model by about 30% and 40%, respectively. Moreover, the mean field causes a factor of 2.5 increase in the strength of the baryon transverse collective flow.
Thirty-day mortality following hip arthroplasty for acute fracture.

Background: Hip fractures are associated with a substantial mortality rate. Previous reports on perioperative mortality associated with hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acute fracture have not documented demographic and surgical characteristics that increase the likelihood of death. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of, and associated risk factors for, perioperative death following hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acute fracture. Methods: Data were compiled from the computerized total joint registry at a single institution to determine the mortality rate following hip arthroplasty according to age, gender, diagnosis, implant type, and fixation mode. A review of this database revealed that 7774 consecutive patients had undergone hip arthroplasty for the treatment of an acute fracture between 1969 and 1997. The medical records of all patients who had died within thirty days after hip arthroplasty were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The overall mortality rate within thirty days after hip arthroplasty for the treatment of an acute fracture was 2.4% (186 of 7774), yet notable variations in the mortality rate were seen within clinical subgroups. The thirty-day mortality rate was significantly higher for patients who had received a cemented implant, female patients, elderly patients, patients with cardiorespiratory comorbidities, and patients with intertrochanteric fractures. With the numbers available, there was no significant difference in mortality between patients who had been managed with total hip arthroplasty and those who had been managed with hemiarthroplasty. Conclusions: Hip arthroplasty for the diagnosis of acute fracture is associated with a nearly tenfold higher rate of perioperative mortality compared with elective hip arthroplasty. Medical optimization, appropriate choice of implants, and vigilant intraoperative management of these patients are essential. Level of Evidence: Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Best Practices by Occupational and Physical Therapists Performing Seating and Mobility Evaluations

ABSTRACT Therapists are familiar with the basics of seating and mobility evaluations. The identification of best practice provides justification for conducting seating and mobility evaluations in a certain manner and can be utilized to assist in identifying services that are of highest quality. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of occupational and physical therapists who specialize in seating and mobility evaluations about the current best practices of the leaders in the field. The Delphi technique was utilized in the study. As a result of the data elicited from this panel of expert practitioners in the area of seating and mobility, best practices can be defined as a multivariant complex series of interactions in which the expert clinician uses experience, hands-on techniques, skills, technology, resources, self-directed learning, follow-up, and a relationship with the consumer in the provision of services.
Comparative vitamin B-6 bioavailability from tuna, whole wheat bread and peanut butter in humans.

HOSSEIN KABIR, JAMES E. LEKLEM4 ANDLORRAINE T. MILLERDepartment oj Foods and Nutrition, Oregon State University,Corvallis, OR 97331ABSTRACT Relative bioavailability of vitamin B-6 from tuna, whole wheatbread and peanut butter was investigated in eight men. The study was divided intoa 10-day adjustment and three, 14-day experimental periods in a 3 x 3 Latin squaredesign. Vitamin B-6 intake was set at 1.6 mg/day, with 50% of the intake coming fromone of the three experimental foods and 50% from a basal diet. Daily complete urineand fecal collections were made. Urine was analyzed for 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA) andvitamin B-6, fecal samples for vitamin B-6 and plasma (sampled every 5 days) forpyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Mean values Â±SD for the adjustment, tuna, wholewheat bread and peanut butter periods were: 5.65 Â±1.76, 4.89 Â±1.10, 3.62 Â±0.66and 2.80 Â±0.50 /Â?mol/dayfor 4-pyridoxic acid; 0.98 Â±0.34, 1.05 Â±0.20, 0.76Â±0.09 and 0.68 Â±0.19 /tmol/day for urinary vitamin B-6; 2.72 Â±0.94, 3.08 Â±0.73,3.80 Â±0.78 and 4.42 Â±1.03 /tmol/day for fecal vitamin B-6 and 65.0 Â±23.30, 64.8Â±29.80, 49.3 Â±14.40 and 48.4 Â±20.20 nM for plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, respectively. 4PA and urinary vitamin B-6 excretion were significantly (P < 0.01) higherin the tuna period than in either the whole wheat bread or peanut butter periods. Thefecal vitamin B-6 excretion during the tuna period was significantly lower than duringthe peanut butter period. The vitamin B-6 in whole wheat bread and peanut butteris 75 and 63%, respectively, as available as that from tuna. J. Nutr. 113:2412-2420, 1983.INDEXING KEY WORDS vitamin B-6 . bioavailability . urinary4-pyridoxic acid â€¢fecal vitamin B-6
New Drugs for the Treatment of Lymphoma

Historically, most drugs developed for treatment of leukemias, lymphomas, and myeloma had already been studied in the solid tumor setting. Nearly 10 years ago, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) forever changed this paradigm. Imatinib showed that it was possible to nullify the pathognomic genetic lesion in a hematologic malignancy. Since the approval of imatinib for CML, a host of new drugs active in blood cancers have emerged. This article highlights some areas of innovative drug development in lymphoma where possible; it emphasizes the biologic basis for the approach, linking this essential biology to the biochemical pharmacology. The article focuses on the many new targets including Syk, Bcl-2, CD-40, and the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.
3-D dose verification by cone-beam optical CT scanning of PRESAGE dosimeter

There is a clear need for an accurate and practical dosimeter that is able to verify 3-D dose distributions from complex radiation treatments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric performance of PRESAGE radiochromic plastic dosimeter in conjunction with a cone-beam optical CT scanner, VistaTM, for 3-D dosimetry. The cone-beam optical CT scanner presented in this study can perform optical readout in less than 30 min, which makes same day dose verification for treatment possible. For dosimetric accuracy, a complete 3-D dose verification procedures were performed, including dose response calibration with a 12 MeV electron beam, a 6 MV photon square field irradiation, as well as a 5-field IMRT irradiation. This study shows that 3-D dose verification with fast optical CT scan of PRESAGE dosimeter is feasible. First-generation optical CT scanner can be used as a gold standard for optical readout of dosimeters.
Magnetically evoked inter-enlargement response: An assessment of ascending propriospinal fibers following spinal cord injury

The aim of the present study was to characterize a novel electrophysiological assessment, the magnetically evoked interenlargement response (MIER), by defining the anatomical location of the fast conducting (large myelinated) ascending axons that mediate the response and the relationship between the response and locomotor function following experimental spinal cord injury. Electromyographic (EMG) responses were recorded from the triceps muscles following magnetic stimulation of one hip. Short-latency (approximately 6 ms) EMGs were recorded from triceps muscles in normal controls and following different laceration injuries (dorsal, lateral or dorsal and lateral hemisections) or a 150-kilodyne (kd) contusion injury at the T9 level. The amplitude of the triceps MIER was significantly correlated to the area of spared white matter in the lateral funiculus and to hindlimb function during open field locomotion (r2 = 0.55). Following a complete lateral hemisection, MIERs were present in the triceps bilaterally following stimulation of either hip. Responses could also be recorded from the masseter muscles indicating that the influence of this pathway extends beyond the spinal cord. Anatomical evidence of a bilaterally distributed propriospinal pathway was found when biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the lateral white matter on one side of the spinal cord at T9. BDA-labeled axons with varicosities were found bilaterally in the intermediate and ventral gray matter of the caudal region of the cervical enlargement. These observations suggest that MIERs may be useful to quantitatively assess neurotransmission and functional recovery over time after experimental spinal cord injury.
Behavioral Activation for Moderately Depressed University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial

Although depression is prevalent among university students, limited and dated research has examined theefficacy of behavioral interventions in treating this population (C. Lee, 2005). On the basis of a modifiedversion of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD; D. R. Hopko & C. W. Lejuez,2007; C. W. Lejuez, D. R. Hopko, & S. D. Hopko, 2001) that involved a structured single-sessionintervention and 2-week treatment interval, the authors conducted a randomized controlled trial com-paring individualized BATD and a no-treatment control for university students with moderate depressionsymptoms ( N 30). Outcome measures assessed depression, environmental reward, social support, andsomatic anxiety. Relative to the control group, repeated measures analyses of variance and reliablechange indices indicated that the BATD group had significantly greater reductions in depression andincreased environmental reward at post-treatment that were associated with strong effect sizes. Astatistical trend suggested that BATD also may show promise toward increasing social support. Givencurrent conditions in many academic institutions that include high demand for mental health services,limited personnel, and time restrictions, brief and parsimonious interventions like BATD may representa viable treatment option. Study limitations and future directions are discussed.Keywords: behavioral activation, college students, depression, treatment outcome
633 TECHNETIUM SCAN FOR NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS

Studies in animals have shown that parenteral technetium pyrophosphate (Tc99mPYP) is localized in infarcted intestinal tissue. We are reporting the use of this radiopharmaceutical agent in 13 infants with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A Picker portable camera with high-resolution columnator was used to obtain 250,000 count images in the anterior and both lateral projections 2-1/2 hrs after 500 microcuries of Tc99mPYP were injected intravenously. A positive scan was defined as a curvilinear focus of increased uptake anterior to the spine and kidneys seen on one or more projections. NEC was clinically staged using the scoring system of German et al. Three clinical Stage III infants had positive scans. One had free air on X-ray; all died. One positive scan was found in 6 Stage II infants. This infant had a prolonged course of NEC. One Stage II infant progressed to Stage III, requiring surgery 3 days after the scan when his ductus arteriosus opened. No positive scans were found in 4 Stage I infants who had other diagnoses to explain NEC-like symptoms. A positive scan was significant (x2 = 5.29; p <0.25) as a predictor of requirement for surgical intervention. The Tc99mPYP scan for bowel infarction may be a more sensitive tool than serial abdominal X-rays to identify infants with transmural infarction at risk for perforation with comparable radiation exposure. With further experience, this technique may be predictive of mortality and useful in making therapeutic decisions.
Evolving experience with direct puncture therapeutic embolization for adjunctive and palliative management of head and neck hypervascular neoplasms.

Objectives: The use of percutaneous, direct puncture therapeutic embolization (DPTE) of hypervascular head and neck neoplasms is a relatively new modality that may be used to supplement or supplant conventional endovascular transarterial embolization. Although the preliminary clinical experience reported by a single group has been favorable, extensive case series experience is lacking. This prompted us to review our recent clinical experience with these techniques to determine safety, efficacy, and emerging role in the overall neurointerventional therapeutic armamentarium. Study Design: A retrospective analysis of the previous 34 consecutive cases of hypervascular tumors undergoing DPTE referred to our service for therapeutic devascularization was performed. Methods : Complete case record review was undertaken. Twenty-six of 34 cases involved DPTE of head and neck neoplasms. Conventional diagnostic angiography was performed for therapeutic planning and to assist in precise localization. When performed, standard microcatheter transarterial embolization techniques were used either before or after attempted DPTE. Cyanoacrylate embolic mixtures (n-butyl cyanoacrylate [NBCA], lipiodol, powdered tungsten) were used in 21 of 24 cases, and absolute ethanol in 3 of 24. Direct puncture angiography of the targeted tumor neovasculature was always performed before DPTE. Results: Twenty-four of 26 cases had technically successful DPTE. Combined transarterial embolization with DPTE was used in 16 of 24 cases, although for the last 12 cases, 9 were treated predominantly or exclusively by DPTE. There were no major or minor clinical complications, and there was one asymptomatic technical complication. Total or near-total devascularization was achieved in all cases. All preoperative cases had excellent hemostasis within the resected tumor bed. Conclusions: Our results lend further support to the safety and efficacy of DPTE in the management of hypervascular neoplasms of the head and neck. With our increasing experience, this technique is evolving into a primary therapeutic modality for optimal tumor devascularization.
Countable dense homogeneous spaces under Martin’s axiom

We show that Martin’s axiom for countable partial orders implies the existence of a countable dense homogeneous Bernstein subset of the reals. Using Martin’s axiom we derive a characterization of the countable dense homogeneous spaces among the separable metric spaces of cardinality less thanc. Also, we show that Martin’s axiom implies the existence of a subset of the Cantor set which isλ-dense homogeneous for everyλ <c.
Preparation of carbon-14 labeled organophosphate pesticides: Dichlofenthion

Esterification of [U-14C]-2,4-dichlorophenol with O,O-diethyl chlorothiophosphate afforded [U-14C]-O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-O,O-diethyl thiophosphate (dichlofenthion) with specific activity 19.0 mCi/mmol in 87% radiochemical yield. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of endoscopically (endoscopic pancreatic function test) collected gastroduodenal fluid using in-gel tryptic digestion followed by LC-MS/MS.

Purpose Proteomic analysis of gastroduodenal fluid offers an alternative strategy to study diseases, such as peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. We use in-gel digestion followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS) to profile the proteome of gastroduodenal fluid collected during the endoscopic function test (ePFT).
The Arctic Haze Phenomenon

The arctic atmosphere is the repository for surprisingly high concentrations of pollutants throughout the winter months. The polluted air mass in question includes virtually all the atmosphere above the Arctic Circle and also two great lobes that extend down over Eurasia and North America. In extent, this generally polluted airmass system is about as large as the African continent. The rather severe pollution throughout this airmass system in winter is, to a large extent, a result of the lowered rates of particle and gas removal in this cold, dark, and rather stable system. The arctic haze possibly has important climatic and ecological and global change implications that are coming under investigation in a number of planned studies.
The C9 cluster: structure and infrared frequencies.

The high resolution infrared spectrum of the C9 cluster has been measured in direct absorption by infrared diode laser spectroscopy of a pulsed supersonic carbon cluster jet. Fifty‐one rovibrational transitions have been assigned to the ν6 (σu ) antisymmetric stretch fundamental of the 1Σ+9 linear ground state of C9. The measured rotational constant [429.30(50) MHz] is in good agreement with ab initio calculations and indicates an effective bond length of 1.278 68(75) A, consistent with cumulenic bonding in this cluster. Several perturbations are observed in the upper state, and the upper‐ and lower‐state centrifugal distortion constants are observed to be anomolously large, evidencing a high degree of Coriolis mixing of the normal modes.
Cooperativity Between Different Nutrient Receptors in Germination of Spores of Bacillus subtilis and Reduction of This Cooperativity by Alterations in the GerB Receptor

The GerA nutrient receptor alone triggers germination of Bacillus subtilis spores with L-alanine or L-valine, and these germinations were stimulated by glucose and K+ plus the GerK nutrient receptor. The GerB nutrient receptor alone did not trigger spore germination with any nutrients but required glucose, fructose, and K+ (GFK) (termed cogerminants) plus GerK for triggering of germination with a number of L-amino acids. GerB and GerA also triggered spore germination cooperatively with l-asparagine, fructose, and K+ and either L-alanine or L-valine. Two GerB variants (termed GerB*s) that were previously isolated by their ability to trigger spore germination in response to D-alanine do not respond to D-alanine but respond to the same L-amino acids that stimulate germination via GerB plus GerK and GFK. GerB*s alone triggered spore germination with these L-amino acids, although GerK plus GFK stimulated the rates of these germinations. In contrast to l-alanine germination via GerA, spore germination via L-alanine and GerB or GerB* was not inhibited by D-alanine. These data support the following conclusions. (i) Interaction with GerK, glucose, and K+ somehow stimulates spore germination via GerA. (ii) GerB can bind and respond to L-amino acids, although normally either the binding site is inaccessible or its occupation is not sufficient to trigger spore germination. (iii) Interaction of GerB with GerK and GFK allows GerB to bind or respond to amino acids. (iv) In addition to spore germination due to the interaction between GerA and GerK, and GerB and GerK, GerB can interact with GerA to trigger spore germination in response to appropriate nutrients. (v) The amino acid sequence changes in GerB*s reduce these receptor variants' requirement for GerK and cogerminants in their response to L-amino acids. (vi) GerK binds glucose, GerB interacts with fructose in addition to L-amino acids, and GerA interacts only with L-valine, L-alanine, and its analogs. (vii) The amino acid binding sites in GerA and GerB are different, even though both respond to L-alanine. These new conclusions are integrated into models for the signal transduction pathways that initiate spore germination.
Hybridity, Political Order and Legitimacy: Examples from Nigeria

Africa is a region characterised by state fragility based largely on the failure of Western-style institutions. This article argues that local/hybrid political order can emerge as a response to lack of access and persistent sub-national concentrations (decentralisation) of power in post-colonial states. The role of sharia in producing political trust in three states in Nigeria is examined and the argument advanced that even in divided states it can function to increase trust, thereby providing legitimacy. The study finds broad support for the contention that hybrid political orders produce greater legitimacy, with trust in local and national governments reflected in Kebbi, Kaduna, and Zamfara states that generally exceed national averages.
Relationships Between Eating Disorder Symptomology and Forgiveness Among College Students

Eating disorder symptomology is a significant problem on college campuses (Choate, Journal of College Counseling, 13, 73–86, 2010; Meyer 2005). Understanding factors that predict eating disorder symptomology may be useful in determining treatment approaches and in supporting prevention efforts. Recent research indicates that individuals with eating disorders report lower levels of self-forgiveness (Watson et al., Eating Behaviors, 14, 224–228, 2012). In this brief report, the relation of eating disorder symptomology to self, other, and situation forgiveness was examined. College students (n = 294) completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26: Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, and Garfinkel Biological Psychiatry, 61, 348–358, 1982) and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS; Thompson et al., International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47, 252–258, 2005). Findings indicated significant negative correlations between eating disorder symptomology and self, other, and situation forgiveness. In a multiple regression with gender, self, other, and situation forgiveness as predictors of eating disorder symptomology, gender, self-forgiveness, and other forgiveness were significant predictors, indicating that women, participants lower in self-forgiveness, and participants lower in other forgiveness reported higher rates of eating disorder symptomology.
Evaluation of orthogonal damping matrices

Two methods for the numerical evaluation of orthogonal damping matrices are developed. The first relates the modal damping ratios to the coefficients of the Caughey series. The second is a direct approach which expresses the damping matrix as a sum of a series of matrices each of which produces damping in a particular mode. It is found that the direct approach is more convenient to apply and is less numerically sensitive than the series approach.
Origins and early evolution of the translation machinery

The modern ribosome is a complex biological machine that is responsible for chiral synthesis of cellular proteins according to the genetic code as specified by a mRNA. Major portions of the ribosomal machinery were likely in place before the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of life. The early evolution of the ribosome has implications for the origin of the genetic code, the emergence of chirality in peptide synthesis, and the emergence of LUCA. Although codon assignments may remain a mystery, the history of the ribosome provides a context for dating the first usage of mRNA. In the case of chirality, the modern ribosome suggests that a small initial chiral preference for L-amino acids in the environment may have been greatly enhanced by a two step process in which the charging of a primitive tRNA and the subsequent synthesis of a peptide bond both had the same chiral preference. The resulting ability to make largely chiral peptides may have provided an advantage over other prebiotic mechanisms for making peptides. Finally, the late addition of factors such as EF-G may have greatly accelerated the emerging ribosome's ability to synthesize proteins, thereby allowing entities with this novel capability to emerge as the LUCA.
Evidence for the involvement of a sperm trypsinlike enzyme in the membrane events of the hamster sperm acrosome reaction

Previous studies from this laboratory have suggested a role for sperm trypsinlike activity in the membrane events of the hamster sperm acrosome reaction, but these conclusions have been disputed by studies done with guinea pig, mouse, and ram sperm. This study was designed to further investigate the role of such activity in the hamster sperm acrosome reaction. Washed hamster epididymal sperm were examined by electron microscopy after incubation in a defined medium. Fewer sperm incubated in the presence of the trypsin inhibitor benzamidine underwent the membrane events of the acrosome reaction compared to controls. Benzamidine did not interfere with the loss of the acrosomal contents in the sperm which did undergo acrosome reactions. The trypsin inhibitor NPGB (previously shown to inhibit the hamster acrosome reaction under other conditions) did not inhibit the membrane events or the loss of acrosomal contents when the acrosome reaction was induced by the fusogen lysophosphatidyl choline (a method of induction which may have bypassed the need for a trypsinlike enzyme). In a bioassay designed to measure acrosome reactions, fewer sperm preincubated with benzamidine subsequently penetrated zona-pellucida-free hamster eggs. The present results together with those of an earlier study by this laboratory strongly suggest that a sperm trypsinlike enzyme has a direct or indirect role in the membrane events of hamster sperm acrosome reaction. The relationship of these results to studies with other species is discussed.
Exploring the role of mentoring in the IS profession: a cross-national comparison

Workplace mentoring is beneficial to proteges, most often, in the form of career related and psychosocial support. Mentoring is found to positively impact career progression and satisfaction, is positively correlated with affective commitment, and negatively related to turnover behavior. For academics and practitioners concerned about more effective integration and participation of IS professionals in the IT workforce, mentoring may provide a solution for mitigating the effects of a high-pressure, masculine work environment. While mentoring has been examined to some extent in the general management literature, it has received only passing attention in information systems (IS) research, particularly in a global context. The unique characteristics and demands of the IS profession and increasing trends toward offshoring warrant an IS-specific examination of mentoring behaviors, preferences, and influences. In this study, we propose to conduct a cross-cultural study of mentoring among Indian and American IS professionals. Our study hopes to yield beneficial insights for mentoring practice and research in the IS profession.
Charateristics of induced benzpyrene hydrylase activity in the rat foeto-placental unit.

Abstract Properties of the 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) induced 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylase systems found in the various tissues of the 17-day rat foeto-placental unit were compared. The maternal liver system was approximately three times more responsive to 3-MC induction than the placental or fetal liver systems at the doses of 3-MC administered. The maternal liver and placental hydroxylase systems required oxygen (O 2 ) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for maximal activity, had similar pH optima, and were similarly inhibited by nitrogen (N 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, these systems appeared to differ in the following respects: sensitivity to induction by optimal doses of 3-MC, apparent subfractional distribution, inhibition by flavins and p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), apparent affinity for NADPH, and effects of certain steroids. Possible explanations for these differences are presented.
The time for pharmaceutical compulsory licensing has expired

The compulsory license mechanism is broken and will not bring drug access to the world's poorest nations. It's time to consider another option—a tax levied on patents—to fund drugs for developing countries, rather than the erratic compulsory licensing mechanism.
Hydrogen segregation at the Al/Si(1 1 1) interface

Abstract The density depth profile of hydrogen trapped at an epitaxial solid–solid interface has been measured by neutron reflection. The interface was between a Si(1 1 1) substrate and an epitaxial film of Al 1500 A thick, into which hydrogen was introduced by low-energy implantion. The measurements, carried out at room temperature, indicated that a total of 0.7×10 16 H atoms/cm 2 were trapped at the interface. This number corresponds approximately to one atomic layer of liquid hydrogen; however, hydrogen was found to be spread over a thickness of 60 A. Cooling the sample from room temperature to 220 K did not significantly alter the distribution of hydrogen trapped at the interface.
SPEAKING SPANISH OUTSIDE THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM: AN ANALYSIS OF LEARNER NARRATIVES

Building on contemporary to approaches to narrative theory and analysis, this article examines how university students enrolled in an advanced Spanish-as-a-foreign-language course textually position themselves and are positioned by others as legitimate or illegitimate users of Spanish in the stories they tell about speaking the language outside the classroom. Specifically, it highlights the ideologies that learners draw on in realizing these acts of positioning, noting how they both reflect and reproduce particular inequities around ethnicity, social class, and language. Offering a detailed account of the ways in which the focal narratives represent the dynamics of Spanish language interactions within the United States, the article raises additional questions for scholarly research and advocates for more critically informed approaches to Spanish language education.
Effects of antigrazing ridges on electron cloud at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider warm sections

The antigrazing ridges installed in two Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) warm straight sections have been tested with beam. Significant reduction in electron cloud induced pressure rise has been observed. In addition, the pressure rise pattern at these locations has changed. The effect of antigrazing ridges on the RHIC warm section electron cloud are discussed, as well as possible mechanisms.
Influence of spin-polarized current on superconductivity and the realization of large magnetoresistance.

The superconducting state can be influenced by injecting spin-polarized current in a controlled manner by properly tailoring the interfacial transmittivity between a ferromagnet ($F$) and a superconductor ($S$), resulting in a large magnetoresistance of over 1100% for a $F/I/S/I/F$ multilayer system ($I$ insulator). Because of the competition between ferromagnetism and superconductivity, the superconducting transition temperature (${T}_{C}$) in the spin-parallel configuration is shifted below that in the spin antiparallel configuration. The ${T}_{C}$ shift is attributed to ferromagnet-induced nonequilibrium spin carriers in the superconductors.
Abyssal Hills as Evidence of Transcurrent Faulting on North Pacific Fracture Zones

A recent study of abyssal hills in the North Pacific has shown that some hills can be formed by local tectonism and volcanism in the crustal plate at some distance from the ridge crest. Hills formed under these circumstances are larger than those formed at the ridge crest, and show lineations parallel to or oblique to the fracture zones bounding the crustal segments. Strike-slip motion along the fracture zones due to differential spreading rates is apparently responsible for the development of the hills. An application of structural analyses to the hills may help to define periods of more active spreading.
In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Measurement Using an Air-to-Fuel Ratio Derived Exhaust Flow Rate

Emissions produced by internal combustion engines during laboratory testing have been shown to not fully represent real world applications. Raw emissions measurements have aided the study of vehicle emissions resulting from in-use applications. In-use emissions measurements may be cumbersome; being that direct measurement of exhaust flow rate will often require that the vehicle exhaust system be modified. This paper investigated the feasibility of substituting exhaust air-to-fuel ratio and ECU fuel flow rates for the inferred measurement of exhaust flow rates. The air-to-fuel ratio for a diesel application was solved from the measured raw emissions of CO2 , O2 , and NOx. A 2002 Ford F-650, powered by a 2002 Cummins ISB diesel engine, was fitted with an Annubar™ exhaust flow rate measurement system (averaging pitot tube) in order to directly measure continuous exhaust flow rates. Concurrently, exhaust flow rates were estimated from air-to-fuel ratio, while “theoretical” exhaust flow rates were derived from engine speed, intake air density, and assumed volumetric efficiency. These surrogate measurements of exhaust flow rates were then compared with the direct measurements of flow rates obtained by the Annubar™ system. Fuel consumption estimates based on the air-to-fuel ratio derived exhaust flow rate and CO2 , theoretical exhaust flow rate and CO2 , and measured exhaust flow rates and CO2 were then compared with reported ECU fueling rates over the entire test and during NTE events. An error analysis was performed on the air-to-fuel ratio exhaust flow rate equation to quantify uncertainty resulting from the measurements and assumed parameters. The results showed that the air-to-fuel ratio derived exhaust flow rates compared well with the measured exhaust flow rates and the theoretical exhaust flow rates with an R2 value of 0.982 and 0.986, respectively. During highly transient events and motoring conditions, the air-to-fuel ratio derived exhaust flow rates were inaccurate due to analyzer response and zero fueling conditions, respectively. However, during steadier operation, the air-to-fuel ratio derived exhaust flow rate compared to the measured exhaust flow rate and the theoretical exhaust flow rate within 3.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Overall measurement uncertainty was most affected by the CO2 analyzer at high AFRs. The resulting fuel consumptions from AFR derived exhaust flow rate, theoretical exhaust flow rate, and MEMS exhaust flow rate compared to within 2% of each other. The ECU fuel consumption was 5–7% higher than the MEMS, AFR derived, and theoretical.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Cutting Balloon and Stenting of a Stenosis at the Origin of the Left Internal Thoracic Artery

Catheterization was performed in a 58-year-old female with chest pain, which exposed a high-grade stenosis of the ostium of the left internal thoracic artery. Bypass had been completed three years earlier. Successful percutaneous intervention was performed utilizing a cutting balloon and a stent.
Measurement of the magnetic moment of 39Ca by use of a polarized proton beam and NMR detection

Abstract Polarized β-emitting 39 Ca (I π = 3 2 + , T 1 2 =0.87 s) nuclei were produced in the reaction 39 K(π|p, n) 39 Ca in thick polycrystalline targets of KBr, KCaBr 3 , and KCaI 3 which served as hosts for the 39 Ca nuclei. The net polarization transferred to the 39 Ca nuclei was detected by measuring the asymmetry in the β-decay. The magnetic dipole moment of 39 Ca was measured by NMR detection. Including a diamagnetic correction we obtain ω =1.0216(2) nm.
TH-C-108-01: Radiobiological Models in Brachytherapy Treatment Planning and Evaluation

Brachytherapy utilizes a multitude of radioactive sources and treatment techniques that often exhibit drastically different spatial and temporal dose delivery patterns from one another and from external beam radiotherapy. Typical photon energies vary from 0.02 MeV to 1 MeV and decay half‐lives vary from days to years. Treatments can consist of single‐fraction continuous low‐dose‐rate irradiations over a period of days or months to multi‐fraction high‐dose‐rate irradiations of different dose fractionations. The clinical impact of such diverse spatial‐temporal variations cannot be adequately assessed using traditional physical dose‐based indices alone because these indices do not take into account the complex interplay between the dynamics of dose delivery and the biological response of the irradiated cells. Radiobiological models that capture the interacting effects of dose delivery with cellular biology can potentially provide a useful clinical tool for comparing and optimizing the relative clinical effectiveness of different brachytherapy treatment strategies. These models have been used increasingly by clinical medical physicists over the last decade in research settings. Currently, there are several different models presented in the literature with a range of applications and limitations. Information on model parameters, uncertainties, and their impact on model predictions are also scattered in the literature. The primary goal of this educational course is to provide a comprehensive review of existing radiobiological models and parameters, and their use in the evaluation of selected brachytherapy modalities. Particular emphasis will be placed on discussion of model limitations that may hinder the proper interpretation of model predictions and practical implementation. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the rationale and basis of existing radiobiological models used in the evaluation of brachytherapy treatments. 2. To recognize the underlying assumptions and limitations of existing models and their proper application in the relative comparison of competing brachytherapy modalities. 3. To be aware of the pitfalls regarding the selection, use, and interpretation of radiobiological models in treatment planning and evaluation ZC would like to acknowledge partial support of NIH grant R01 CA134627
Characteristics of Beryllium Oxide and Beryllium Metal Powders for Use as Reference Materials

Laboratory evaluations of commercially available powders of beryllium oxide (BeO) and beryllium metal, with special emphasis on type UOX-125 BeO and type I-400 beryllium metal, are ongoing to develop reference materials for evaluating analytical chemistry digestion methods and facilitating occupational health studies. Measured properties of the powders include morphology, size, density, specific surface area (SSA); crystalline and elemental composition, surface chemistry, and in vitro dissolution in hydrochloric acid (HCl) (pH 1), phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF) (pH 4.5), and serum ultrafiltrate (pH 7.3). The powders were also used to evaluate the digestion and recovery efficiencies for commonly used U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard analytical methods. UOX-125 BeO powder has high-purity and aggregate cluster morphology with SSA independent of aerodynamic particle cluster size, which results in dissolution kinetics that are independent of cluster size. I-400 beryllium metal powder has high-purity and compact particle morphology with SSA that increases as particle size decreases, which causes size-dependent dissolution kinetics (i.e., smaller particles dissolve more quickly than larger particles). The PSF and HCl chemical dissolution rate constants (g·cm−2·day−1) for the BeO powder were a factor of 10 lower than for the metal powder. Concomitantly, the EPA and NIOSH analytical methods, which used aggressive digestion procedures (e.g., microwave-assisted sample digestion or perchloric acid), gave more complete recovery of beryllium from BeO compared to the OSHA analytical method. Our characterization data suggest that these BeO and metal powders hold promise for use as analytical reference materials. We recommend continued laboratory collaborations to evaluate and apply these BeO and beryllium metal powders as analytical reference materials.