cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accordion-like honeycombs for tissue engineering of cardiac anisotropy.

Tissue-engineered grafts may be useful in myocardial repair; however, previous scaffolds have been structurally incompatible with recapitulating cardiac anisotropy. Here, we use microfabrication techniques to create an accordion-like honeycomb microstructure in poly(glycerol sebacate), which yields porous, elastomeric three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with controllable stiffness and anisotropy. Accordion-like honeycomb scaffolds with cultured neonatal rat heart cells demonstrated utility through: (1) closely matched mechanical properties compared to native adult rat right ventricular myocardium, with stiffnesses controlled by polymer curing time; (2) heart cell contractility inducible by electric field stimulation with directionally dependent electrical excitation thresholds (p<0.05); and (3) greater heart cell alignment (p<0.0001) than isotropic control scaffolds. Prototype bilaminar scaffolds with 3D interconnected pore networks yielded electrically excitable grafts with multi-layered neonatal rat heart cells. Accordion-like honeycombs can thus overcome principal structural–mechanical limitations of previous scaffolds, promoting the formation of grafts with aligned heart cells and mechanical properties more closely resembling native myocardium. Construction of tissue-engineering scaffolds that mimic cardiac anisotropy is a challenge. Now, accordion-like honeycomb scaffolds have been created that can form tissue grafts with preferentially aligned heart cells, and with mechanical properties that closely resemble the anisotropy of native myocardium.
Geospatial Education: Distance Learning Opportunity at Michigan Tech

There are significant differences in educational backgrounds among surveyors throughout the United States and its territories. The majority of educational institutions offering degrees in some genre of surveying or geomatics are geared toward preparing graduates to become professional surveyors. However, state licensure eligibility varies greatly when it comes to education. Some states’ licensing boards require a bachelor’s degree, some require an associate’s degree, and others do not require a degree at all, but stipulate a minimum number of years of practical and supervised experience.
Localized Model Reduction in Porous Media Flow

Abstract This paper introduces a new localized approach to construct an efficient reduced order model for fluid flow simulation and optimization in porous media flow. For nonlinear systems, one of the most common methodology used is the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) combined with discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) due to its computational efficiency and good approximation. Whereas regular POD-DEIM approximates the fine scale model with just one single reduced subspace, the localized POD (LPOD) and localized DEIM (LDEIM) that are introduced in this work compute several local subspaces. Each subspace characterize a region of solutions and all together they not only can approximate the high fidelity model better, but also reduced the computational cost of simulation. LPOD and LDEIM use classification approach to find these regions in the offline computational phase. After obtaining each class, POD and DEIM is applied to construct the basis of the reduced space. In the online phase, at each time step, the reduced states and functions will be used to find the most representative basis for POD and DEIM without requiring fine scale information. The advantages of LPOD and LDEIM are shown in a numerical example of two phase flow in porous media.
Maturation-Dependent Vulnerability of Perinatal White Matter in Premature Birth

Survivors of premature birth have a predilection for perinatal brain injury, especially to periventricular cerebral white matter. Periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) is now the most common cause of brain injury in preterm infants and the leading cause of chronic neurological morbidity. The spectrum of chronic PWMI includes focal cystic necrotic lesions (periventricular leukomalacia) and diffuse myelination disturbances. Recent neuroimaging studies support that the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia is declining, whereas focal or diffuse noncystic injury is emerging as the predominant lesion. In a significant number of infants, PWMI appears to be initiated by perturbations in cerebral blood flow that reflect anatomic and physiological immaturity of the vasculature. Ischemic cerebral white matter is susceptible to pronounced free radical-mediated injury that particularly targets immature stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Emerging experimental data supports that pronounced ischemia in the periventricular white matter is necessary but not sufficient to generate the initial injury that leads to PWMI. The developmental predilection for PWMI to occur during prematurity appears to be related to both the timing of appearance and regional distribution of susceptible oligodendrocyte progenitors. Injury to oligodendrocyte progenitors may contribute to the pathogenesis of PWMI by disrupting the maturation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. There has been substantial recent progress in the understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of PWMI. The oligodendrocyte progenitor is a key target for preventive strategies to reduce ischemic cerebral white matter injury in premature infants.
Is juvenile rheumatoid arthritis/juvenile idiopathic arthritis different from rheumatoid arthritis?

The chronic arthropathies of childhood share clinical and pathological features with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. Both are autoimmune diseases characterized by a destructive arthropathy. Both are likely to be complex genetic traits, with autoantibodies and with a type-1-T-helper-cell cytokine profile in disease tissues. In common with other autoimmune diseases, both have associations and linkage with human keukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic markers. However, there are also important points of distinction outlined in this chapter, which include substantial differences in clinical phenotype. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is characterized by several subtypes, whereas RA is more homogeneous. There are differences in outcome: adults with RA tend to have a poorer outcome; in JRA, the outcome is more variable and can be predicted by phenotypes at presentation. In addition, patients with RA have a stronger family history of RA although both RA and JRA share an increased frequency of family history of other autoimmune diseases. The genetic markers present to variable degrees in the subtypes of JRA differ quite considerably from those of RA. This is particularly so with respect to HLA.
Haydenoxylon, a Replacement Name for Haydenia (Celastraceae)

Haydenia M. P. Simmons (Celastraceae) is an illegitimate name because it is a later homonym of Haydenia Seward (Cyatheaceae). The genus is renamed Haydenoxylon M. P. Simmons and the three included species are renamed Haydenoxylon gentryi (Lundell) M. P. Simmons, H. haberianum (Hammel) M. P. Simmons, and H. urbanianum (Loes.) M. P. Simmons. The name H. urbanianum is lectotypified.
NP-complete problems have a version that's hard to approximate

It is proved that all of R.M. Karp's (1972) 21 original NP-complete problems have a version that is hard to approximate. These versions are obtained from the original problems by adding essentially the same, simple constraint. It is further shown that these problems are absurdly hard to approximate. In fact, one cannot even approximate log/sup (k)/ of the magnitude of these problems to within a constant factor, where log/sup (k)/ denotes the iterated logarithm, unless NP is recognized by slightly superpolynomial randomized machines. It is also shown that it is even harder to approximate two counting problems: counting the number of satisfying assignments to a monotone 2-SAT formula and computing the permanent of -1, 0, 1 matrices. >
Immunotherapy Strategies in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and the development of osteolytic bone lesions. MM has emerged as a paradigm within the cancers for the success of drug discovery and translational medicine. This article discusses immunotherapy as an encouraging option for the goal of inducing effective and long-lasting therapeutic outcome. Divided into two distinct approaches, passive or active, immunotherapy, which targets tumor-associated antigens has shown promising results in multiple preclinical and clinical studies.
Thermogenic effects of pre-prandial and post-prandial exercise in obese females

The thermogenic effects of pre- and postprandial exercise was examined in six obese premenopausal females. Using open circuit calorimetry, energy expenditure was measured for 3 hours following five separate treatments: Resting Control, Exercise Only (25 min cycle at 60% VO2 max), Meal Only (902 kcal mixed meal), Exercise-Meal, and Meal-Exercise. Meal Only, Exercise-Meal, and Meal-Exercise were significantly higher than Rest Only and Exercise Only treatments. However, Meal-Exercise resulted in the greatest energy expenditure. These results suggest that in obese female subjects exercise following a meal will produce the greatest thermogenic response and could possibly influence weight maintenance or weight loss if implemented in food and exercise patterns of behavior.
Study of turn-by-turn vertical beam dynamics at low and high energy cesr operation

Presently, the Cornell Electron-Positron Storage Ring (CESR) is operated at two different beam energies: low energy (E=2GeV) for high energy physics (CESR-c), and high energy (E=5.3GeV) for synchrotron radiation production for the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). The electron and positron bunches' vertical dynamics at these two energies are vastly different, in part due to the change in the pretzel orbit, the presence of wiggler magnets at low energy, and synchrotron radiation power at two different energies. Using a 32 channel photomultiplier array and a beam position monitor (BPM), vertical beam dynamics were measured on a turn-by-turn basis during CHESS and CESR-c operation as well as dedicated machine studies time. For these studies, electron cloud effects such as vertical tune shift and vertical beam size blow-up along the electron and positron trains are quantified at these two vastly different beam energies.
Attrition of Beginning Teachers and the Factors of Collaboration and School Setting

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate beginning teacher attrition and the factors of collaboration and school setting (urban, suburban, and rural). Quantitative data were collected from present and former teachers in a Midwest state using the researcher-created Collaboration Survey. Building principals and central office staff supplied attrition data from the 1998-2002 school years. Semi-structured follow up interviews with five percent of the sample population and unsolicited written comments found on the Collaboration Survey provided qualitative data.Aggregate computation of the four-year attrition rate revealed a substantial difference in the attrition rate by school setting. Urban schools had a much lower rate (4%) than did suburban (15%) and rural (17%) schools in the sample.A MANOVA was utilized to examine differences in the degree of collaboration experienced by current beginning teachers and former teachers with less than five years experience. Of the six subscales measuring collabo...
A Nano- to Macroscale Tribological Study of PFTS and TCP Lubricants for Si MEMS Applications

The reliability and lifetime of cyclic contacting Si MEMS is limited by adhesion and their tribological performance. In this study, the tribological effects of adding a lubricant (tricresyl phosphate, TCP) to a bound self-assembled monolayer (perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane, PFTS) at different length scales were examined using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), an atomic force microscope (AFM), a reciprocating microtribometer, and a macroscopic reciprocating tribometer. The results showed that the addition of TCP to a PFTS layer increased the number of cycles possessing low friction and wear by at least a factor of four in the macroscopoic tribometer. Differences in friction response over the range of experimental scales were correlated to contact size and pressure. QCM measurements of TCP on PFTS showed a non-zero slip time, which suggests favorable tribological performance in larger length-scale regimes. This non-zero slip time also may indicate TCP mobility.
Growth and Microstructure-Dependent Hardness of Directionally Solidified WC–W2C Eutectoid Ceramics

Directionally solidified WC–W2C ceramics containing 40 at% carbon, corresponding to the WC–W2C eutectoid composition, were produced by laser surface melt processing. The resulting microstructures showed a lamellar-type eutectic/eutectoid microstructure with the WC minor phase embedded in the W2C matrix phase. The interlamellar spacing (λ) in the eutectoid regions followed the relationship Vλ3.8 = constant, with the smallest spacing of 331 ± 36 nm achieved in the 3.24 mm/s processed sample. The indentation hardness increased with decreasing interlamellar spacing, and a Vickers indentation hardness of 28.5 GPa was achieved in the sample with the smallest interlamellar spacing. The directionally solidified WC–W2C materials show enhanced indentation mechanical properties in comparison to previously reported WC–Co composites and WC-based materials.
Predicting Pediatricians' Communication With Parents About the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine: An Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action

This study examines the ability of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict whether or not pediatricians encourage parents to get their adolescent daughters vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV). Four-hundred and six pediatricians completed a mail survey measuring attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behavior. Results indicate that pediatricians have positive attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward encouraging parents to get their daughters vaccinated, that they intend to regularly encourage parents to get their daughters vaccinated against HPV in the next 30 days, and that they had regularly encouraged parents to get their daughters vaccinated against HPV in the past 30 days (behavior). Though the data were consistent with both the TRA and TPB models, results indicate that perceived behavioral control adds only slightly to the overall predictive power of the TRA, suggesting that attitudes and norms may be more important targets for interventions dealing with this topic and audience. No gender differences were observed for any of the individual variables or the overall fit of either model. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the development of health communication messages targeting health care providers in general, and for those designed to influence pediatricians' communication with parents regarding the HPV vaccine in particular.
Tissue sodium concentration in myocardial infarction in humans: a quantitative 23Na MR imaging study.

Purpose: To prospectively determine whether the absolute tissue sodium concentration (TSC) increases in myocardial infarctions (MIs) in humans and whether TSC is related to infarct size, infarct age, ventricular dysfunction, and/or electrophysiologic inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias. Materials and Methods: Delayed contrast material–enhanced 1.5-T hydrogen 1 (1H) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to measure the size and location of nonacute MIs in 20 patients (18 men, two women; mean age, 63 years ± 9 [standard deviation]; age range, 48–82 years) examined at least 90 days after MI. End-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, ejection fraction, and left ventricle (LV) mass were measured with cine MR imaging. The TSC in normal, infarcted, and adjacent myocardial tissue was measured on sodium 23 (23Na) MR images coregistered with delayed contrast-enhanced 1H MR images. Programmed electric stimulation to induce monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT) was used to assess arrhythmic potential, and myo...
Classical Style, Childhood and Nostalgia in Mahler's Fourth Symphony

According to the critical consensus on Gustav Mahler's Fourth Symphony, Mahler seems, through both his orchestration and musical material, to be evoking both the composers who preceded him and childhood. Many scholars have claimed to hear specific allusions in the first movement to pieces composed in a classical style, and Mahler's use of simple themes with ornamented melodies in the Fourth Symphony also seems to suggest a classical style.At the same time, however, most writers hear a disparity in the movement between Mahler's nominal late romantic compositional style and his use of simpler or more naive-sounding materials. Nostalgia – defined here as a simultaneous acknowledgment of and rebellion against the irreversibility of time – offers one way of examining Mahler's juxtaposition of traits of music from the past and present. Using nostalgia as a theoretical frame, we can examine how music might be able to suggest a relation between the past and present akin to memory.In the first movement, Mahler's late romantic treatment of ‘classical’ materials seems to depict an unsuccessful attempt to recapture an idealized past, and the fourth movement‘s depiction of heaven in childlike terms set predominantly in the style of a lullaby suggests the irretrievable – perhaps even non-existent – past in which the soothing tones of a mother's voice hold the promise of calming all worry.
Employee Engagement and Well-Being: A Moderation Model and Implications for Practice

Poor workforce engagement can be detrimental to organizations because of the ensuing decrease in employee well-being and productivity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the degree to which psychological workplace climate was associated with personal accomplishment, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and psychological well-being, and whether employee engagement moderated these relations. A sample of 216 health care employees from the United States, Canada, and Japan completed an online survey. Regression results suggested that psychological workplace climate was significantly related to each outcome variable; engagement moderated relations between workplace climate and each of the four dependent variables. ANOVA results revealed that high engagement group employees demonstrated higher psychological well-being and personal accomplishment, whereas low engagement group employees exhibited higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.
A theory of decision making under dynamic context

The dynamics of simple decisions are well understood and modeled as a class of random walk models [e.g. 1-4]. However, most real-life decisions include a dynamically-changing influence of additional information we call context. In this work, we describe a computational theory of decision making under dynamically shifting context. We show how the model generalizes the dominant existing model of fixed-context decision making [2] and can be built up from a weighted combination of fixed-context decisions evolving simultaneously. We also show how the model generalizes recent work on the control of attention in the Flanker task [5]. Finally, we show how the model recovers qualitative data patterns in another task of longstanding psychological interest, the AX Continuous Performance Test [6], using the same model parameters.
The relationship between budget deficits and macroeconomics variables in United Arab Emirates : an empirical investigation

Few are the econometric studies which have examined the relationship between budget deficit and macroeconomic variables exchange rate (ER), consumer price index (CPI), economic growth (GDP), and money supply (M3). This study examine empirical relationship among exchange rate, consumer price index, economic growth, money supply and budget deficit in United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the period 1985-2011. The data where sourced from Central Bank of Emirates (various issues), IFS, IMF and Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) in order to clarify whether exchange rate, money supply, consumer price index cause budget deficit or vice-versa. A cointegration approach and Variance Error Correction Models (VECM) is developed. Moreover, Granger causality technique is used to assess the direction of the causality. The findings provide evidence to support the variables under study are cointegrated and there is no directional causality between budget deficit and nominal effective exchange rates. The results from variance decomposition method. GDP and exchange rates produce 19.24% and 68.23 of variance in budget deficit at the end of ten periods, interestingly, the effect of GDP on the variance of money supply has been decreasing for the first five time periods and remains constant for the next five periods. The predictions will help the policy makers as well as quantitative analysts in determining the stance of monetary policy as well as fiscal policy. Policy makers, economists and analysts may take a cue from these studies, and have to necessarily keep themselves watchful of the changes in the macroeconomic fundamentals. However, we have not observed any significant relationship between budget deficit and GDP, Money supply & consumer price index.
Decay of Cu 62

A source of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{62}$ was prepared by means of the ($p, \ensuremath{\gamma}$) reaction on an enriched ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{61}$ target. The gamma rays following positron emission were detected with a scintillation spectrometer, and the following energies were measured: 0.88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01, 1.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02, and 1.17\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 Mev. The relative intensities with respect to the positrons are 0.3, 0.1, and 0.5% with uncertainties of a factor of two either way. Coincidence techniques and half-life measurements were used to identify the gamma rays with the decay of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{62}$. The half-life for positron emission was measured to be 9.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 min. Branching ratios and $log\mathrm{ft}$ values have been calculated and are listed in tabular form.
Shared resource capacity expansion decisions for multiple products with quantity discounts

Abstract When multiple products compete for the same storage space, their optimal individual lot sizes may need to be reduced to accommodate the storage needs of other products. This challenge is exacerbated with the presence of quantity discounts, which tend to entice larger lot sizes. Under such circumstances, firms may wish to consider storage capacity expansion as an option to take full advantage of quantity discounts. This paper aims to simultaneously determine the optimal storage capacity level along with individual lot sizes for multiple products being offered quantity discounts (either all-units discounts, incremental discounts, or a mixture of both). By utilizing Lagrangian techniques along with a piecewise-linear approximation for capacity cost, our algorithms can generate precise solutions regardless of the functional form of capacity cost (i.e., concave or convex). The algorithms can incorporate simultaneous lot-sizing decisions for thousands of products in a reasonable solution time. We utilize numerical examples and sensitivity analysis to understand the key factors that influence the capacity expansion decision and the performance of the algorithms. The primary characteristic that influences the capacity expansion decision is the size of the quantity discount offered, but variability in demand and capacity per unit influence the expansion decision as well. Furthermore, we discover that all-units quantity discounts are more likely to lead to capacity expansion compared to incremental quantity discounts. Our analysis illuminates the potential for significant savings available to companies willing to explore the option of increasing storage capacity to take advantage of quantity discount offerings for their purchased products.
Thermophilic fungi in a municipal waste compost system.

A high-rate municipal compost system was systematically sampled during the digestion period for the presence of thermophilic fungi. Pure cultures of 304 isolates were established which included: As...
FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF SAND MOTION IN THE SURF ZONE

Forcing functions and sediment response were measured during two comprehensive surf zone experiments. The experiments included simultaneous measurements of waves and currents, and the movement of sediment as bed and suspended load. The longshore transport of suspended load was found to be about 10 to 20% of the tracer-measured load. Results from tracer measurements of the longshore transport of bed load indicate that previous measurements may have misestimated the effective "tracer layer thickness," and a more rigorous method is proposed.
Experiments and analysis of drainage displacement processes relevant to carbon dioxide injection

The motivation for this work is a dramatically improved understanding of the fluid mechanics of drainage processes with applications such as ${\text{CO}}_{2}$ storage in saline aquifers and water-alternating-gas injection as an enhanced oil recovery method. In this paper we present in situ distributions of wetting and nonwetting fluids obtained during core-scale two-phase immiscible drainage experiments. The ratio of the viscosity of the resident fluid to that of the invading fluid varies across a range of $0.43$ to 150. Saturation distributions observed during dynamic displacement experiments are surprisingly smooth and do not display only one or a few dominant fingers, contrary to the indications of the current literature. The analysis of the saturation distribution using the fractal dimensions of the dynamic three-dimensional saturation distributions suggests that the constitutive relationships for porous media, namely, the relative permeability functions, are history dependent. Accordingly, it is suggested that the nonlinear, unstable flow regime is the regime where efforts to improve physical understanding must be focused.
To Keep or Not to Keep? The Question of Crystallographic Waters for Enzyme Simulations in Organic Solvent.

AbstractThe use of enzymes in non-aqueous solvents expands the use of biocatalysts to hydrophobic substrates, with the ability to tune selectivity of reactions through solvent selection. Non-aqueous enzymology also allows for fundamental studies on the role of water and other solvents in enzyme structure, dynamics, and function. Molecular dynamics simulations serve as a powerful tool in this area, providing detailed atomic information about the effect of solvents on enzyme properties. However, a common protocol for non-aqueous enzyme simulations does not exist. If you want to simulate enzymes in non-aqueous solutions, how many and which crystallographic waters do you keep? In the present work, this question is addressed by determining which crystallographic water molecules lead most quickly to an equilibrated protein structure. Five different methods of selecting and keeping crystallographic waters are used in order to discover which crystallographic waters lead the protein structure to reach an equilibra...
Microwave transitions in pairs of Rb Rydberg atoms.

We have observed microwave transitions between pairs of cold Rb atoms, specifically, transitions between the molecular $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}$ and $(n+1){d}_{j}(n\ensuremath{-}2)f$ states for $41\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}44$. (We use the separated atom limits as labels.) The transition is allowed because the dipole-dipole induced configuration interaction between the $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}$ state and the energetically close $(n+2){p}_{3/2}(n\ensuremath{-}2)f$ state leads to an admixture of the latter into the former. Such transitions may provide a way of selecting closely spaced pairs of atoms.
Radical-based destruction of nitramines in water: kinetics and efficiencies of hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron reactions.

In support of the potential use of advanced oxidation and reduction process technologies for the removal of carcinogenic nitro-containing compounds in water reaction rate constants for the hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron with a series of low molecular weight nitramines (R1R2-NNO2) have been determined using a combination of electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy. The hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant was fast, ranging from 0.54–4.35 × 109 M–1 s–1, and seen to increase with increasing complexity of the nitramine alkyl substituents suggesting that oxidation primarily occurs by hydrogen atom abstraction from the alkyl chains. In contrast, the rate constant for hydrated electron reaction was effectively independent of compound structure, (kav = (1.87 ± 0.25) × 1010 M–1 s–1) indicating that the reduction predominately occurred at the common nitramine moiety. Concomitant steady-state irradiation and product measurements under aerated conditions also showed a radical reactio...
Mechanisms of Elevated Blood Pressure in Human Essential Hypertension

This review of the mechanisms of elevation of blood pressure in human essential hypertension first focuses on individual mechanisms and their interrelations. The authors then try to identify those forms of essential hypertension in which the major determinants are known. When the most significant processes associated with elevated blood pressure in individual patients are understood, a rational approach to therapy can be undertaken even though the ultimate cause of the disorder is not understood.
Cytological diagnosis of metastatic malignant melanoma by fine-needle aspiration biopsy

Despite increased surveillance and public awareness, the incidence of melanoma is increasing. Frequently, fine-needle aspiration is employed for the diagnosis of metastatic disease, and aspirated material is used for cytogenetic and molecular studies to guide treatment options. The pairing of a significant diagnosis with the numerous morphologic variants of melanoma can make the cytologic evaluation disquieting. We present selected examples of our experiences and a brief review of the literature to provide cytodiagnostic clues for this malignancy. The clinical history is foremost, although the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of metastatic melanoma can provide a diagnosis before identification of the primary lesion in up to 20% of cases. If a history of melanoma is assured, negative results in sampling of pulmonary and subcutaneous nodules should be suspected as false negatives. The smearing pattern usually features poorly cohesive cells. Frankly malignant, spindled, and epithelioid cell shapes are most common, and cytoplasmic vacuoles, if sought on Romanowsky-stained specimens, can usually be found. The telltale feature of melanin production, although diagnostic, is only present in 50% of cases. Finally, eccentric placement of nuclei, nucleoli, and nuclear pseudoinclusions are accessory features for the cytologic interpretation of melanoma. Numerous morphologic patterns of melanoma are potentially seen, but a stepwise approach to diagnosis usually produces a successful result.
Hemispherical Lens Featured Beehive Structure Receiver on Vehicular Massive MIMO Visible Light Communication System

With the development of internet of vehicles, Visible Light Communication VLC is the missing piece of this inevitable technology. However, current VLC systems lack the adequate date rate and reliability. By utilizing the proposed semispherical lens on Beehive Structure Receiver BSR, we can achieve the significant diversity channel gain which is require to enable massive Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO technology in any VLC systems. Via classical optics, we are able to derive a model to determine the channel gain of the receiver based on the number of transmitter. The simulation result shows images from transmitters to the receiver are distinguishable based on different angle of incidence which confirms that there is a significant spatial diversity for the proposed VLC system.
Antagonistic Action of Anti-androgens on the Formation of a Specific Dihydrotestosterone-Receptor Protein Complex in Rat Ventral Prostate

Cyproterone (1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-Δ4,6-pregnadien-17α-ol-3,20-dione) 17α-acetate, a potent anti-androgen, suppressed the uptake of radioactive androgens in vivo by the ventral prostate of rats. This was accompanied by a decrease in the retention of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one) by prostate cell nuclei . Cyproterone and its 17α-acetate (less than 0.5 µg/ml) also inhibited the formation of a specific dihydrotestosterone-protein complex in prostate cell nuclei when minced prostate was incubated with radioactive testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. Estradiol-17β, diethylstilbestrol, and progesterone, but not hydrocortisone succinate, also suppressed the retention of dihydrotestosterone by prostatic cell nuclei in vitro, but to a much lesser extent than cyproterone.
Competitive Group Interactions: Why They Exist and How to Overcome Them

Groups are different from the sum of their parts. Three decades of research comparing interindividual and intergroup behavior has revealed that interactions between groups are more competitive and less cooperative than interactions between individuals in mixed-motive situations. This finding has been labeled the interindividual-intergroup discontinuity effect because there is a discontinuity, or disconnect, between how individuals behave in one-on-one interactions relative to how groups behave in group-on-group interactions. In this chapter, we review the literature on the discontinuity effect and discuss its implications for intergroup interactions in organizations. Specifically, we discuss (a) when interactions between groups can create competition; (b) why interactions between groups are often more competitive than interactions between individuals; and (c) ways to reduce intergroup competition. We review empirical evidence relevant to each of these questions and point out implications for group facilitators, leaders, and members seeking to promote positive relations between groups. This chapter offers useful tools for individuals who must work in or with groups because it details when and why interactions between groups are competitive and how competition can be replaced with cooperation — a crucial goal for group interactions in organizational settings.
I Had One Job and That Was To Make Milk

Background:For very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, breastfeeding may no longer be an immediate option. Mothers often turn to mechanically expressing their milk with a breast pump to provide their...
The Present-Day Simulation and Twenty-First-Century Projection of the Climatology of Extratropical Transition in the North Atlantic

AbstractThis study explores the simulations and twenty-first-century projections of extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the North Atlantic, with a newly developed global climate model: the Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Coupled Model version 2.5 (CM2.5). FLOR exhibits good skill in simulating present-day ET properties (e.g., cyclone phase space parameters). A version of FLOR in which sea surface temperature (SST) biases are artificially corrected through flux-adjustment (FLOR-FA) shows much improved simulation of ET activity (e.g., annual ET number). This result is largely attributable to better simulation of basinwide TC activity, which is strongly dependent on larger-scale climate simulation. FLOR-FA is also used to explore changes of ET activity in the twenty-first century under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. A contrasting pattern is found in which regional TC density increas...
Toward autonomous stereo-vision control of micro aerial vehicles

A visual odometry system using a stereo camera is presented for position control of an aircraft relative to its surroundings. The algorithm is validated using a common dataset and its performance is evaluated for real-time operation on-board micro-aerial vehicles. Disparity maps are generated to be used for reactive obstacle avoidance.
Tusk pairs in the Ziegler Reservoir mastodon (Mammut americanum) assemblage: Implications for site taphonomy and stratigraphy

Abstract The Ziegler Reservoir (ZR) mastodon assemblage consists of remains from dozens of individuals that represent one or more populations living in a high-elevation region of the Colorado Rocky Mountains during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. Several left-right pairs of mastodon mandibular tusks were discovered in different stratigraphic units, challenging previous assumptions that depositional units preserving mastodon remains sample a comparable succession of regional populations through time. It is now recognized as likely that at least some of the specimens contained in these layers were transported from original deposits located on the lake margin, and that successive slumps transported parts of the same skeleton on different occasions, depositing them in different stratigraphic units. Assigning both tusks of a pair to the lowest depositional unit in which either occurs alters the temporal pattern in season of death for ZR mastodons and somewhat modifies a census of individuals, but does not significantly affect the secular trend previously detected in average oxygen isotope values. Two tusks with matching isotope profiles were previously treated as potential evidence of a catastrophic death event that had been proposed to explain the assemblage of remains, but these are now considered to be from the same individual. Newly paired records highlight the importance of careful taphonomic studies for any synthetic analysis of paleoecological history.
Progestin-Only Contraception and Bone Health

Purpose of Review Progestin-only contraceptive methods are important and effective options for women trying to prevent unintended pregnancy. There is concern about progestin-only methods and bone health, particularly for depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), because progestin-only methods can lower estradiol levels through ovarian suppression. This is of particular concern for adolescents building bone and perimenopausal women heading towards menopause.
Abstract LB-321: Cytoplasmic DEDD promotes G1- to S-phase cell cycle transition

Death Effector Domain-Containing DNA-binding protein (DEDD), a highly conserved and ubiquitous protein, has been studied primarily for its role as a scaffold protein in cell death pathways. DEDD resides predominantly in the cytoplasm, but translocates to the nucleus to propagate the terminal apoptotic signal. Overexpression of nuclear DEDD, not cytoplasmic DEDD, has been shown to be sufficient to induce cytotoxic effects. This suggests that DEDD may have functional importance beyond directing apoptotic signals. Further, the cytoplasmic function of DEDD has yet to be characterized. Other DED-containing proteins, such as FADD, have been shown to interact with cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase cell cycle regulatory molecules. Here, we show that DEDD is implicated in cell cycle regulation and can assume a pro- proliferative function when overexpressed in the cytoplasm. To glean phenotypic changes in cell cycle transitions, we utilized a two-dimensional approach with an EdU proliferation label and a propidium iodine DNA content label differentiated via flow cytometry analysis. Based on these labels, it can be determined whether a cell is in the G1-, S-, or G2-phase of the cell cycle. We have identified that overexpression of DEDD leads to an increase in S-phase cells when compared to control suggesting an easier transition through the G1/S checkpoint. Conversely, a knockdown of DEDD leads to a decrease in S-phase cells and an increase in G1-phase cells when compared to control indicating G1 arrest. Gain-of-function flow cytometry analysis was repeated by overexpressing a DEDD construct with disrupted nuclear localization sequences. The resulting phenotype mirrored that of the overexpressed wild-type DEDD construct. Thus, these results suggest that DEDD may be interacting with regulatory molecules regulating the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle and that the change in G1- to S-phase transition dynamics in response to manipulated DEDD expression is not attributable to the nuclear function of DEDD. Further studies will focus on elucidating the specific molecular interactions through which DEDD can carry out this novel cell cycle regulatory function. Citation Format: Keon R. Schmidt, Yingjia Ni, Siyuan Zhang. Cytoplasmic DEDD promotes G1- to S-phase cell cycle transition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-321. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-321
Operationalizing the Triple Bottom Line in Models for Operations and Supply Chain Management

Sustainability where profits do not come at the expense of people or the plant demands that environmental impact and social responsibility be balanced with costs and profit. Meanwhile, globalization has brought about very complicated global supply chains used to fulfill the demand for products. Operations management has traditionally been focused on mathematical models and there has been much discussion on how to incorporate people and planet alongside profit. In this work we start by providing a very basic model, and show how social responsibility and environmental sustainability can be incorporated.
Congenital Absence of the Common Carotid Artery With Common Origin of the Internal and External Carotid Arteries

Congenital absence of the common carotid artery is a rare vascular anomaly that is usually discovered incidentally in otherwise asymptomatic patients and can potentially pose significant diagnostic...
Shareholder Value, Financial Conservatism, and Auditor Independence

The principal-agent characterization resonates especially well in both corporate law and economics because it cabins the problem of auditor responsibility within these fields' paradigms for describing and regulating duties within the firm. This article questions the practice of framing the problem of auditors' professional responsibility inside the principal-agent paradigm, even as it accepts the story of the dirty deal. The questions about the agency framework follow from an inquiry into the operative notion of the shareholder beneficiary. The article unpacks the notion of the shareholder and tells a particularized story about the shareholder interest. The exercise complicates the agency description, which tends to assume a unitary model of the shareholder. Under this article's analysis, multiple and unstable shareholder demands displace the unitary shareholder interest. This fragmented and volatile model of the shareholder does not provide a basis for articulating a coherent set of instructions respecting aggressive accounting and earnings management. This article endorses traditional notions of auditor independence even as it rejects the fiduciary-beneficiary framework. One cannot "stand separate and apart" from the client's business and at the same time be an agent beholden to the shareholder interest. If we want auditors to be independent, we cannot enmesh them in an agency relationship with the shareholders, where by definition they become subject to the principal's control and cannot act independently. Nor, for the same reason, should auditors' duties be articulated in the framework of corporate law fiduciary duty. More generally, auditor responsibility should not be conceived relationally at all. This article concludes that legal positivism provides a more appropriate conceptual framework. Auditor duties should be conceived in formal rather than relational terms, with fidelity going to the rules, to the texts, to the system that auditors apply.
Narcissism in the Adult Development of the Self

In this chapter, building on the work of Kernberg (1977), Kohut (1971), Loewald (I960), Saperstein and Gaines (1973), and other authors, we explore the nature of the adult self, concentrating on a description of its emergence and characteristics, and the narcissistic issues that underlie its development. By narcissism we mean a concentration of psychological interest upon the self . . . .Under normal circumstances, people’s interests are divided between a concern for themselves (narcissism) and for the world of things and people around them (object love). (Moore & Fine, 1968, p. 62)
Cell Transformation by the Mammary Tumor Virus in Vitro

One of the fundamental characteristics of the mammary cell is its changing physiology. A comprehensive study of virus-induced cell alterations must therefore take into account the intimate biological modifications which normally arise in the individual cell as well as in its immediate environment. The amount of information concerning the hormonal requirements for a normal development of mouse mammary glands is rather impressive but only a brief summary will be necessary to clarify the data presented in this report.
Self-powered robots to reduce motor slacking during upper-extremity rehabilitation: a proof of concept study

Background Robotic rehabilitation is a highly promising approach to recover lost functions after stroke or other neurological disorders. Unfortunately, robotic rehabilitation currently suffers from "motor slacking", a phenomenon in which the human motor system reduces muscle activation levels and movement excursions, ostensibly to minimize metabolic- and movement-related costs. Consequently, the patient remains passive and is not fully engaged during therapy. To overcome this limitation, we envision a new class of body-powered robots and hypothesize that motor slacking could be reduced if individuals must provide the power to move their impaired limbs via their own body (i.e., through the motion of a healthy limb). Objective To test whether a body-powered exoskeleton (i.e. robot) could reduce motor slacking during robotic training. Methods We developed a body-powered robot that mechanically coupled the motions of the user's elbow joints. We tested this passive robot in two groups of subjects (stroke and able-bodied) during four exercise conditions in which we controlled whether the robotic device was powered by the subject or by the experimenter, and whether the subject's driven arm was engaged or at rest. Motor slacking was quantified by computing the muscle activation changes of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles using surface electromyography. Results Subjects had higher levels of muscle activation in their driven arm during self-powered conditions compared to externally-powered conditions. Most notably, subjects unintentionally activated their driven arm even when explicitly told to relax when the device was self-powered. This behavior was persistent throughout the trial and did not wane after the initiation of the trial. Conclusions Our findings provide novel evidence indicating that motor slacking can be reduced by self-powered robots; thus demonstrating promise for rehabilitation of impaired subjects using this new class of wearable system. The results also serve as a foundation to develop more sophisticated body-powered robots (e.g., with controllable transmissions) for rehabilitation purposes.