cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semiparametric estimation of marginal mark distribution

In many applications, the outcome of interest is a mark such that its observation is contingent upon occurrence of an event. With incomplete follow-up data, the marginal mark distribution is, however, nonparametrically nowhere identifiable in many practical situations. To address this problem, we suggest a semiparametric model that postulates a normal copula for the association between the mark and survival time, but leaves the marginals unspecified. We show identifiability of the marginal mark distribution under this model, and propose an inference procedure. The estimated marginal distribution function is consistent and asymptotically normal, and it provides a basis for estimating summaries of the mark. Furthermore, we propose graphical model-checking methods and Kolmogorov-Smirnov-type goodness-of-fit tests. Simulation studies demonstrate that the inference procedure performs well in practical settings. The method is applied to the estimation of lifetime medical cost in a lung cancer trial.
Toroidal inductors for radio-frequency integrated circuits

Toroidal inductors achieve low loss by constraining magnetic flux to a well-defined path and away from ground planes and semiconducting substrates. This paper presents a micromachined implementation of the toroidal inductor, with focus primarily on microwave integrated circuits on a low-resistivity silicon wafer achieving a Q of 22 and a self-resonant frequency greater than 10 GHz. A verified analytic model is developed.
Nation, identity and the fascination with forensic science in Sherlock Holmes and CSI

Although the popular television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation presents cutting-edge images and laboratory techniques, it reiterates the reassuring ideological message and the glorification of the man of science that typify Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. While the Holmes stories use reassuring, formulaic narratives to consolidate a normative national identity and counter increasing disenchantment with empire, CSI replays a similar sort of procedural detective story to reassure viewers with the fantasy that the United States can be secured amidst threats of violence and terrorism, that individual identity, as well as national identity, can be fixed and scientifically assured.
Multitask Sparsity via Maximum Entropy Discrimination

A multitask learning framework is developed for discriminative classification and regression where multiple large-margin linear classifiers are estimated for different prediction problems. These classifiers operate in a common input space but are coupled as they recover an unknown shared representation. A maximum entropy discrimination (MED) framework is used to derive the multitask algorithm which involves only convex optimization problems that are straightforward to implement. Three multitask scenarios are described. The first multitask method produces multiple support vector machines that learn a shared sparse feature selection over the input space. The second multitask method produces multiple support vector machines that learn a shared conic kernel combination. The third multitask method produces a pooled classifier as well as adaptively specialized individual classifiers. Furthermore, extensions to regression, graphical model structure estimation and other sparse methods are discussed. The maximum entropy optimization problems are implemented via a sequential quadratic programming method which leverages recent progress in fast SVM solvers. Fast monotonic convergence bounds are provided by bounding the MED sparsifying cost function with a quadratic function and ensuring only a constant factor runtime increase above standard independent SVM solvers. Results are shown on multitask data sets and favor multitask learning over single-task or tabula rasa methods.
Analysis of cellular automata used as pseudorandom pattern generators

The consequences of the similarity transformation between the transition matrix of a linear cellular automaton (CA) and that of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) are explored. It is shown that the bit sequence from a stage of a CA is identical to that from the LFSR found by the similarity transformation. The concept of discrete algorithms of a binary polynomial is introduced and used with an operational calculus to calculate the phase shift between the bit sequences emitted by different stages of a linear CA. The simulation of hybrid 90/150 CA done during the course of this work leads to some conjectures about the realizability of cellular automata exhibiting maximum length sequences with null and cyclic boundary conditions. >
Miller Fisher Variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with Lactic Acidosis and Stavudine Therapy

We describe the first case of Miller Fisher syndrome (opthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia) associated with lactic acidosis as an adverse effect of receipt of an antiretroviral regimen containing stavudine. We review this syndrome in the context of recent descriptions of neuromuscular toxicities attributed to nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-induced mitochondrial toxicity.
Food-limited reproduction and growth of three copepod species in the low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary

We determined reproductive and growth rates of three common copepods in the low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary during spring-summer of 2006 and 2007. Rates were low, particularly during summer. The egg production rate of Eurytemora affinis in spring averaged ~3 eggs female -1 day -1 or 0.04 day -1 , while that of Pseudodiaptomus forbesi in summer averaged ~1 egg female -1 day -1 or 0.02 day -1 . Specific growth rates of copepodites were moderate for E. affinis in spring (0.23 and 0.15 day -1 for early and late stages, respectively) and low for P. forbesi in summer (0.15 and 0.03 day -1 , respectively). Growth and egg production rates of both species were generally lower than rates predicted from temperature for well-fed copepods, suggesting chronic food limitation. Previously published estimates for the small cyclopoid Limnoithona tetraspina were also low. None of the measures of growth of any species was related to phytoplankton biomass, primary production or abundance of the species, nor did they differ between the 2 years despite large differences in hydrology. To understand patterns of abundance will require investigation of differential mortality rates.
Patterning events and specification signals in the developing hippocampus.

The mouse hippocampus is an attractive model system in which to study patterning of a cortical structure. Ongoing studies indicate that hippocampal areas or fields are specified many days before birth ‐ possibly involving signals from within the cortical mantle. Although the hippocampal CA fields are distinguished by cytoarchitecture only after birth, molecular differences between fields appear by late gestation. Moreover, these embryonic fields are already specified to develop additional features that characterize the mature fields. The basic division of the hippocampus into fields may be specified still earlier. Thus, if medial cortical neuroepithelium is isolated in vitro early in hippocampal neurogenesis, it can autonomously generate features of a patterned hippocampus. In vivo, the spatial progression of initial field differentiation suggests that signals regulating growth and patterning could arise from sources close to the hippocampal poles. Observations of mouse mutants indicate that the cortical hem, an embryonic structure close to one pole of the hippocampus, is a source of such regulatory signals.
ℐ-odd sector of the Klebanov-Strassler theory

The Klebanov-Strassler background is invariant under the 2 symmetry , which acts by exchanging the bi-fundamental fields A and B, accompanied by the charge conjugation. We study the background perturbations in the -odd sector and find an exhaustive list of bosonic states invariant under the global SU(2) × SU(2) symmetry. In addition to the scalars identified in an earlier publication arXiv: 0712.4404 we find 7 families of massive states of spin 1. Together with the spin 0 states they form 3 families of massive vector multiplets and 2 families of massive gravitino multiplets, containing a vector, a pseudovector and fermions of spin 3/2 and 1/2. In the conformal Klebanov-Witten case these -odd particles belong to the = 1 superconformal Vector Multiplet I and Gravitino Multiplets II and IV. The operators dual to the -odd singlet sector include those without bi-fundamental fields making an interesting connection with the pure = 1 SYM theory. We calculate the mass spectrum of the corresponding glueballs numerically and discuss possible applications of our results.
Long-distance place assimilation with an interacting error pattern in phonological acquisition

Two commonly occurring and independent error patterns in children’s early speech are examined to determine how and to what extent they might interact. One error pattern replaces velar consonants with coronals, and the other replaces a coronal with a consonant that agrees in place of articulation with some other consonant elsewhere in the word. A range of interactions is observed within and across children with regard to whether the product of one error pattern can serve as the target of the other. The different interactions motivate different claims about the nature and substance of children’s underlying representations, which in some cases may differ from those of the ambient system. An extension to underspecification theory is advanced which allows underlying representations to be radically underspecified and in certain cases also to be specified for a default feature.
Experimental verification of deep flux-weakening operation of a 50 kW IPM machine by using single current regulator

This paper analyzes critical control issues associated with the deep flux-weakening operation of Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) synchronous machines. Then we review the single-current-regulator control algorithm which controls the d-axis current actively and gives a fixed q-axis voltage command. To achieve better operational efficiency and performance, improvements are made to choose an optimal qaxis voltage for variable speeds and loads. The control algorithm is implemented on a 50 kW IPM machine. Test results available to date including 7:1 Constant Power Speed Ratio (CPSR) operation are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
MANIFESTATION OF TOXOCARIASIS IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROBLASTOMA TREATED WITH AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC TRANSPLANTS

Toxocariasis was diagnosed in 3 out of 22 children (14%) treated in our center with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The patients were coming from rural areas in the southeastern Poland and did not present any clinical symptoms of toxocariasis upon admission to the hospital. Although no neurological and ophtalmological abnormalities were noticed, the atypical form of toxacariasis was diagnosed based on elevated eosinophils counts, positive serological tests, and biochemical symptoms of liver damage. The authors conclude that toxocariasis should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia in children undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and HSCT, especially if they are coming from rural areas.
Performance-Driven Placement of Cell Based IC's

The increasingly important role of the interconnect in the timing performance of present and future integrated circuit technologies underscores the need to reconsider conventional physical design CAD tools, and devise new ways to influence performance during layout. Interconnects are not perfect conductors, they introduce parasitic elements that load the logic gates and distort the temporal properties of the design as viewed by the logic designer. Cell placement that minimizes wirelength as the sole objective does not solve the problem, leaving a margin for performance improvement that has not been fully exploited. This paper presents a novel approach to performance-driven placement, combining timing analysis and physical design to dynamically optimize the performance of the chip during placement. The ideas are embodied in a program named Allegro, and preliminary results tested on Sea-of-Gate designs are encouraging.
Parent-child interaction as a power contest

We explored parental use of child derogation as a means of power assertion. Parents interacted with children (own and unrelated) after a judgment task in which competitive ideation was primed or unprimed. Evaluations included (a) face-to-face verbal derogation versus praise and (b) judgments of children's task performance. When primed, fathers with low perceived power (as measured by the Parent Attribution Test) were more likely than other fathers to derogate the performance of both related and unrelated children. Similar trends were found for mothers. Results were interpreted as suggesting that parents with low perceived power use child derogation as a means of attempted power repair.
Activities of Gemifloxacin (SB 265805, LB20304) Compared to Those of Other Oral Antimicrobial Agents against Unusual Anaerobes

The activities of gemifloxacin (SB 265805, LB20304) and comparator agents were determined by an agar dilution method against 419 clinical strains of less-commonly identified species of anaerobes. Gemifloxacin was generally more active than trovafloxacin against gram-positive strains by one to two dilutions. Peptostreptococci (Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus magnus, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Peptostreptococcus prevotii) and Porphyromonas spp. (Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas canoris, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Porphyromonas macacae) were all susceptible to ≤0.25 μg of gemifloxacin per ml. The MICs of gemifloxacin at which 90% of the following strains were inhibited (MIC90s) were ≤2 μg/ml: Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Clostridium innocuum, Clostridium clostridioforme, Anaerobiospirillum spp., Bacteroides tectum, Bacteroides ureolyticus, Bacteroides gracilis (now Campylobacter gracilis), Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella heparinolytica, and the Prevotella oris-buccae group. Fusobacterium naviforme and Fusobacterium necrophorum were also susceptible to ≤2 μg of gemifloxacin per ml, while Fusobacterium varium strains exhibited a bimodal pattern; the other Fusobacterium species, such as Fusobacterium ulcerans and Fusobacterium russii, as well as Veillonella spp., the Prevotella melaninogenica group, Prevotella bivia, Clostridium difficile, and Bilophila wadsworthia were relatively resistant to gemifloxacin (MIC90s, ≥4 μg/ml).
Hierarchical Language-based Representation of Events in Video Streams

We aim to define an event ontology that allows natural representation of complex spatio-temporal events common in the physical world by a composition of simpler events. The events are abstracted into three hierarchies. Primitive events are defined directly from the mobile object properties. Single-thread composite events are a number of primitive events with temporal sequencing. Multi-thread composite events are a number of single-thread events with temporal/ spatial/logical relationships. This hierarchical event representation naturally leads to a language description of the events. We define an Event Recognition Language (ERL) which allows the users to define the events of interest conveniently without interacting with the low level processing in the program. We will also briefly mention some approaches to compute the proposed representation.
Arsenic trioxide inhibits transforming growth factor-β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in vitro and bleomycin induced lung fibrosis in vivo

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease of insidious onset, and is responsible for up to 30,000 deaths per year in the U.S. Excessive production of extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts has been shown to be an important pathological feature in IPF. TGF-β1 is expressed in fibrotic lung and promotes fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) as well as matrix deposition. To identify the mechanism of Arsenic trioxide’s (ATO)’s anti-fibrotic effect in vitro, normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) were treated with ATO for 24 hours and were then exposed to TGF-β1 (1 ng/ml) before harvesting at multiple time points. To investigate whether ATO is able to alleviate lung fibrosis in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were administered bleomycin by oropharyngeal aspiration and ATO was injected intraperitoneally daily for 14 days. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining were used to assess the expression of fibrotic markers such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and α-1 type I collagen. Treatment of NHLFs with ATO at very low concentrations (10-20nM) inhibits TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and α-1 type I collagen mRNA and protein expression. ATO also diminishes the TGF-β1-mediated contractile response in NHLFs. ATO’s down-regulation of profibrotic molecules is associated with inhibition of Akt, as well as Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation. TGF-β1-induced H2O2 and NOX-4 mRNA expression are also blocked by ATO. ATO-mediated reduction in Smad3 phosphorylation correlated with a reduction of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies and PML protein expression. PML-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed decreased fibronectin and PAI-1 expression in response to TGF-β1. Daily intraperitoneal injection of ATO (1 mg/kg) in C57BL/6 mice inhibits bleomycin induced lung α-1 type I collagen mRNA and protein expression. In summary, these data indicate that low concentrations of ATO inhibit TGF-β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and decreases bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Minimizing Morbidity in Microvascular Surgery: Small-Caliber Anastomotic Vessels and Minimal Access Approaches

ImportanceMinimizing morbidity when performing free flap reconstruction of the head and neck is important in the overall reconstructive paradigm. ObjectiveTo examine the indications and success rat...
ON MATRIX FUNCTIONS WITH LINEAR EIGENVALUES

ABSTRACT Sufficient conditions are given that guarantee that a matrix function in one variable possesses a linear eigenvalue. The nature of the assumptions made, that lead to this conclusion enlarges the family of matrix functions that are known to possess such a property. We elaborate on how properties of a characteristic polynomial, rather than the properties of the matrix function itself, are the paramount cause for a matrix function, to possess a linear eigenvalue. Also necessary and sufficient conditions are provided that guarantee that all roots of a given polynomial be linear functions. The unique properties of such a polynomial are elaborated upon.
A video case report of LRYGB in a patient with a left ventricular assist device.

A 34-year-old man was referred for evaluation and treatment of clinically-significant obesity (body mass index (BMI) 1⁄4 50 kg/m). He had tried multiple weight-loss regimens to no avail. He developed heart failure from nonischemic cardiomyopathy and has been managed by an LVAD during the last year. He is not a candidate for heart transplant because of his weight. He is on multiple medications for diabetes, hypertension, and dysrhythmias and is on warfarin. He uses continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea. The electric cable for the LVAD exits in the anterior abdominal wall to left of the umbilicus. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen shows that the tubing/cable of LVAD exits the chest cavity in the subxiphoid region and curves off the midline, exiting the skin to the left of the umbilicus. In preparation for surgery, the patient underwent an interdisciplinary evaluation by the bariatric team and an optimization of his LVAD by the transplant cardiologist.
Remarks on Zero Viscosity Limit for Nonstationary Navier- Stokes Flows with Boundary

This paper is concerned with the question of convergence of the nonstationary, incompressible Navier-Stokes flow u = u v to the Euler flow u as the viscosity v tends to zero. If the underlying space domain is all of Rm, the convergence has been proved by several authors under appropriate assumptions on the convergence of the data (initial condition and external force); see Golovkin [1] and McGrath [2] for m = 2 and all time, and Swann [3] and the author [4,5] for m = 3 and short time. The case m ⩾ 4 can be handled in the same way; in fact, the simple method given in [5] applies to any dimension. All these results refer to strong solutions (or even classical solutions, depending on the data) of the Navier-Stokes equation.
Abstract 9943: Aged Garlic Extract Plus Coenzyme Q10 Significantly Reduce Perceived Mental Stress, Inflammaion and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Firefighters ‰the FAITH Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: We previously reported that Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) is associated with significant reduction of subclinical atherosclerosis measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC) in asymptomatic i...
Unicorporated Limited Liability Business Organizations: Limited Liability Companies and Partnerships

The Massachusetts Limited Liability Company Act (LLC Act) and Registered Limited Liability Partnership Act (LLP Act) link Massachusetts to a national movement proliferating new unincorporated business entities with corporate-styled liability shields. Limited liability companies (LLCs) and limited liability partnerships (LLPs) offer business owners a unique combination of business entity features not available in any other business entity - a corporate-styled liability shield and partnership tax status in which profits are passed through the entity and taxed directly to the business owners. The availability of these new business organizations in Massachusetts generates several new and important issues. For example, most existing corporations will not convert from their corporate form to one of these new forms because of the tax cost associated with liquidating a corporation. These new forms are not practical for businesses with publicly-traded ownership interests. Because more states have adopted LLCs than LLPs and limited liability limited partnerships (LLLPs), firms with interstate business activity may prefer the LLC form. Each new business form generates a host of drafting considerations unique to that particular business form. LLCs, LLPs, and LLLPs with at least two owners may be formed by filing a simple LLC certificate or LLP registration with the state secretary. Although simple to create, these new business forms are taxed like partnerships because they resemble partnerships rather than corporations. However, just as a partnership should never be formed without a written partnership agreement setting forth the terms of the business arrangement among the partners, these new business organizations should not be created without a similar agreement.
CAHPS Surveys: Valid and Valuable Measures of Patient Experience.

A commentary on “Patient-Satisfaction Surveys on a Scale of 0 to 10: Improving Health Care, or Leading It Astray?,” byAlexandra Junewicz and Stuart J. Youngner in the May-June 2015 issue..
The Role of Religious and Faith Communities in Addressing the Needs of LGBT Elders

Religious and faith communities occupy unique and specific roles and functions in society. Although information is presented on specific views about LGBT persons of certain religious affiliations, it is not the intent of this chapter to present a philosophical discussion of the concepts of religion and spirituality, nor to promote the views of any particular faith or denomination. The purpose of this chapter is to present information on the impact, role, and perceptions of faith communities in the lives of LGBT elders. Specifically, information is presented on the attitudes and perceptions of the “church” toward LGBT persons, the value placed on religion and spirituality by LGBT persons, and the ways in which religious leaders can provide care and support to LGBT elders. A discussion of implications of the role of religious leaders in policy development that affect LGBT persons is also presented.
Changes in Legal Writing

I stay current on legal writing the way you stay current on your practice area. I keep up on the trends in legal writing. Yes, trends. Are you surprised legal writing changes and evolves? It does, and here are three areas that are changing right now.
Electrophoretic Analysis of the Ticks Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) Erraticus and O. (P.) Sonrai (Acari: Argasidae)

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to examine the isozyme profiles of 2 argasid tick species, Ornithodoros erraticus and Ornithodoros sonrai . Of the 9 loci examined, malate dehydrogenase ( Mdh ), hexokinase ( Hk ), and phosphoglucomutase ( Pgm ) proved to be species-diagnostic, showing no genetic overlap. The technique provides a means of monitoring colonies of the 2 species to check for cross-contamination and also clarifies the taxonomic status of the 2 forms.
Numerical simulation of the effect of a roughness element on high-speed boundary-layer instability

A numerical investigation of the disturbance amplification in a Ma=4.8 flat-plate boundary layer with a localized two-dimensional roughness element is carried out. The height of the roughness is approximately half the boundary-layer thickness. Simulations are based on a time-accurate integration of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, with a small, i.e. linear, disturbance of fixed frequency being triggered via blowing and suction at the wall upstream of the roughness element. Two different methods are applied to represent the roughness. In the first method, a body-fitted grid is applied while the second method is based on an immersed boundary formulation. Good agreement between the two methods for both mean and disturbance quantities is found. The roughness element considerably alters the instability of the boundary layer, leading to an increased amplification for a certain frequency while other are being damped. Far downstream of the roughness, the amplification of a flat-plate boundary layer is recovered.
Factors Affecting Competitive Ion−Molecule Reactions: ClO- + C2H5Cl and C2D5Cl via E2 and SN2 Channels

Dual-level generalized transition state theory and statistical calculations based on correlated electronic structure calculations with augmented correlated basis sets are used to predict rate constants and deuterium kinetic isotope effects for the competing SN2 and E2 reactions of ClO- with C2H5Cl. The E2 reaction is favored by zero point effects despite its higher barrier. Furthermore, the entropic contribution of low-frequency transition state modes promotes the E2 reaction by about an order of magnitude at 300 K, despite nearly equal combined electronic/zero point propensities for the two reactions. The kinetic isotope effect for the E2 reaction is predicted to be 8.3 at 100 K and 3.1 at room temperature. The kinetic isotope effect of the SN2 reaction is predicted to be surprisingly low at low temperatures (0.06 at 100 K) and 0.60 at room temperature. The activation energy for both reactions is predicted to be negative below about 900 K and positive above 1000 K. Variational effects on the location of ...
Why we need community engagement in medical research.

Background The medical research enterprise depends on public recognition of its societal value. In light of evidence indicating public mistrust, especially among minorities, inadequate enrollment as well as diversity of research participants, and poor uptake of findings, medical research seems to fall short of sufficient public regard. Community engagement in medical research, with special attention to minority communities, may help to remedy this shortfall by demonstrating respect for the communities in practical ways. Approach We provided 3 case examples that illustrate how specific approaches to community-engaged research can build trust between researchers and communities, encourage participation among underrepresented groups, and enhance the relevance as well as the uptake of research findings. Discussion A common attribute of the specific approaches discussed here is that they enable the researchers to demonstrate respect by recognizing community values and interests. The demonstration of respect for the communities has intrinsic ethical importance. Conclusions The 2 potential outgrowths of demonstrating respect specifically through community engagement are (1) the production of research that is more relevant to the community and (2) the mitigation of asymmetry in the researcher-community relationship. We summarized practical resources available to researchers who seek to incorporate community engagement in their research.
A Complexity Measure on Büchi Automata

We define a complexity measure on non-deterministic B\(\ddot{\text {u}}\)chi automata, based on the notion of the width of the skeleton tree introduced by K\(\ddot{\text {a}}\)hler and Wilke. We show that the induced hierarchy tightly correlates to the Wagner Hierarchy, a corner stone in the theory of regular \(\omega \)-languages that is derived from a complexity measure on deterministic Muller automata. The relation between the hierarchies entails, for instance, that a nondeterministic B\(\ddot{\text {u}}\)chi automaton of width k can be translated to a deterministic parity automaton of degree at most \(2k+1\).
Left heart bypass in left ventricular failure due to experimental coronary artery ligation.

Summary and conclusions 1. A study of left heart bypass in ischemic left ventricular failure in anesthetized mongrel dogs has been presented. A difference in right and left ventricular end- diastolic pressures suggests that isolated left ventricular failure is present. Functional mitral insufficiency has been observed during the late stages of left ventricular failure due to serial coronary artery ligation. 2. The value of peripheral arterial pressure and central venous pressure as early indications of left ventricular failure is in doubt. 3. The arteriovenous oxygen difference or, by extension, the central venous oxygen saturation is a clinically useful estimate of the effectiveness of the cardiac output in the presence of left ventricular failure and this value becomes abnormal long before arterial hypotension or elevation of the central venous pressure occurs. 4. Hypovolemia, ventricular fibrillation, and inadequate drainage of the left atrium all influence directly the effectiveness of left heart bypass and, when left heart bypass is inadequate in the presence of left ventricular failure, an inadequate tissue perfusion results.
Cook Zenith Dissection Endovascular Stent

The recently introduced Zenith Dissection Endovascular Stent component is designed to be used in conjunction with the Zenith TX2 covered stent in the setting of aortic dissection. This bare stent component is constructed of stacked Z-stents joined by polypropylene sutures, which can be deployed through a 16 Fr sheath and inserted through the existing Zenith TX2 proximal component sheath. A single stent diameter accommodates aortic luminal diameters ranging from 24 to 38 mm and is available in 82, 123, and 164 mm lengths (Fig. 19.1). The Z-stents exert minimal radial force, which allows gradual opposition of the dissection septum and re-expansion of the true lumen. The large open strut architecture allows maintenance of branch vessel perfusion so that the stent can be safely deployed across the origins of the intercostal, visceral, and renal arteries. In the scenario of persistent malperfusion owing to a dissection flap into or a re-entry tear near a vessel origin, the bare Z-stent component provides structural scaffolding for placement of a bare or covered peripheral stent from the true lumen into the branch vessel bridging across the false lumen (Fig. 19.2). A device planning sheet (Fig. 19.3) is helpful in choosing the appropriate diameter and length of graft required to treat each individual patient based on a pre-operative CT scan.
Brain SEEKING Circuitry in Neuroeconomics: A Unifying Hypothesis for the Role of Dopamine-Energized Arousal of the Medial Forebrain Bundle in Enthusiasm-Guiding Decision-Making

Affective shifts are critical factors in our decision-making with respect to all our survival concerns, including high cognitive ones such as those related to our economic investments and divestments. A critical emotional system, not commonly considered in neuroeconomics, is our primary process subcortical SEEKING system that regulates our exploratory-investigatory urges, including the eager anticipations of our higher mental processes. In economic decision-making, our SEEKING urge motivates us to consider the diverse opportunities and risks that are inherent in life-supportive decision-making. This state of mind, at normal levels of activity, energizes focus on cognitive details that can promote opportunities for success as well as avoid costly mistakes. However, excessive activity in this system may also promote faulty (addictive?) decision-making that is common in gambling, when hopes outweigh consideration of risks (as might be mediated by the cognitive representatives of FEAR and PANIC system). It is well known that all drug addictions are mediated by the feelings of euphoria that the SEEKING system can promote. Clearly, the ancient emotional systems of the brain need to be considered as motivators of neuroeconomic decisions, but they also need to be understood as primal motivations which need to be disciplined by higher decision-making capacities that emerge developmentally as a function of the losses and gains that have resulted from the vicissitudes of living in at times predictable but also unpredictable social (and physical) worlds. Without developmentally emergent cognitive discipline, the SEEKING system can promote delusional thinking.
When analogue is better [Electronic design]

No matter how high-tech the latest portable devices might get, there will always be a need for high performance analogue switches. The article discusses the crucial mission for analogue switches on today's portable devices. The demand for convergent functionality in GSM/GPRS and even 3G (third generation) multimode mobile phones and other portable devices has seen the emergence of high-performance analogue switches as one of the most important components for helping designers reduce cost and save space, while meeting diverse functional needs. High-bandwidth and low-insertion-loss analogue switches have been widely used in high-end cell phone design to route both audio signals with low total harmonic distortion (THD) requirements and USB signals with minimum jitter and edge distortion needs. Before designers can choose the most appropriate analogue switches for their needs, the specific requirements for these devices in mobile phone applications must be examined.
An Epstein-Barr virus-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma with exclusive sinusoidal growth pattern: An unusual morphologic variant

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) typically involves lymph node parenchyma, and a case with Hodgkin cells confined within nodal sinusoids is extremely rare. Herein we report a case of cHL with a sinusoidal growth pattern. This 15-year old patient presented with B symptoms and was found to have bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and an anterior mediastinal mass. Biopsy of a cervical lymph node demonstrated cohesive clusters of Reed-Sternberg (RS)-like cells suggestive of sinusoidal growth with an extrasinusoidal mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate characteristic of the microenvironment seen in cHL. The RS cells/variants were positive for CD30 and CD15, and showed down-regulation of B-cell program and CD45, an immunophenotypic profile consistent with cHL. The sinusoidal growth pattern was also highlighted by EBV staining. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of EBV-positive cHL that displays a sinusoidal growth pattern. The patient was treated with children's high risk cHL chemotherapy protocol and responded well.
A Generator-Converter Topology With Zero DC-Link Impedance for Direct Drive Wind Turbines

A new topology is proposed for direct drive wind turbines that eliminates the use of the failure prone dc-bus electrolytic capacitor, avoids the need for a dc-link inductor by utilizing the synchronous inductance of the wind turbine permanent-magnet generator (PMG), and provides a low-voltage generator design, which decreases the amount of permanent-magnet material used in PMG, and reduces the volume and weight of the generator.
Density and population viability of coastal marten: a rare and geographically isolated small carnivore

Pacific martens (Martes caurina humboldtensis) in coastal forests of Oregon and northern California in the United States are rare and geographically isolated, prompting a petition for listing under the Endangered Species Act. If listed, regulations have the potential to influence land-use decisions on public and private lands, but no estimates of population size, density, or viability of remnant marten populations are available for evaluating their conservation status. We used GPS and VHF telemetry and spatial mark-resight to estimate home ranges, density, and population size of Pacific martens in the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, central coast Oregon, USA. We then estimated population viability at differing levels of human-caused mortality (e.g., vehicle mortality). Marten home ranges were small on average (females = 0.8 km2, males 1.5 km2) and density (1.13 martens/1 km2) was the highest reported for North American populations (M. caurina, M. americana). We estimated 71 adult martens (95% CRI [41-87]) across two subpopulations separated by a large barrier (Umpqua River). Using population viability analysis, extinction risk for a subpopulation of 30 martens, approximately the size of the subpopulation south of the Umpqua River, ranged from 32% to 99% with two or three annual human-caused mortalities within 30 years. Absent population expansion, limiting human-caused mortalities will likely have the greatest conservation impact.
Neurologic Features of Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) can involve nearly any organ system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. IgG4 antibodies are not known to play a primary etiologic role in disease. IgG4-RD must be distinguished from a growing number of immune-mediated conditions in which IgG4 autoantibodies contribute directly to pathophysiology. The most common neurologic features of IgG4-RD result from disease in the orbits, pachymeninges, and substance of the pituitary gland and stalk, as well as a perineuropathy that can involve peripheral or cranial nerves. Disease affecting the brain parenchyma is rare but reported.
The Contribution of Pharmacy Education to Public Health

Abstract When we think of healthcare, we usually think of personal health services provided by one physician to one patient, but there is another side of healthcare called public health, sometimes referred to as population health. It is just as important, and some might say that it is even more important. Someone has to determine what pH is optimal for swimming pool water, what immunizations are recommended for children and adults, and at what intervals. It is public health personnel who prepare booklets and television advertising messages to get a check-up, to eat healthy, to urge smoking cessation, to exercise, etc. Those tasks may affect hundreds of thousands or even millions of people. Some of these tasks could be undertaken by pharmacists or, at a minimum, pharmacists could reinforce some health campaigns or work with other members of the health team to meet societal needs. There remains a huge unmet need to prevent diabetes, obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, among many other possibilities. It is hoped that pharmacy faculties may teach and encourage students to consider this area in career planning.
Reliability of internal and external load parameters in 6 a-side and 7 a-side recreational football for health

Sedentariness and related chronic disorders have a massive impact on healthcare costs worldwide. Contrariwise to endurance-based activities, there are little information and evidence on recreational football amongst middle-aged healthy males. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of internal and external load parameters during 6 a-side and 7 a-side recreational football formats. 20 subjects were enrolled (mean ± SDs; age = 37 ± 5 years, weight = 77 ± 12 kg, and height = 175 ± 10 cm). Participants completed a match (55 min) and replicated the same match (55 min) a week later. The football matches took place on an artificial grass outdoor field (pitch size of 40 × 25 m). The analysis performed using GPS considered several internal and external load parameters: heart rate (HR), total distance (TD), high speed running (HSR), number of accelerations (> 2 m s−2), and metabolic power (MT). We found good scores of reliability in several parameters in both 6 and 7 a-side, respectively: mean HR (ICC = 0.66 and 0.76), TD (ICC = 0.82 and 0.68, respectively), accelerations (ICC = 0.65 and 0.69, respectively), MT (ICC = 0.76 and 0.83), HSR (ICC = 0.79 and 0.78), and HMD (ICC = 0.80 and 0.78). This study revealed good/excellent scores of absolute reliability, a small mean of change, and small/trivial effect size for internal and external load parameters during the replication analysis of the football formats. Therefore, this study showed that 6 a-side and 7 a-sides are reliable recreational football formats (inter-day reliability). This new evidence can be utilised in the design of football protocols for health.
On the Paucity of Positive Emotions

The positive emotions have proved to be a source of embarrassment to psychologists. Discussions of fear, anxiety, depression, anger, grief, etc., are plentiful in the psychological literature. But when it comes to emotions such as joy, mirth, love, mystical experiences, and the like, psychologists are often at a loss for words. Thus, in a content analysis of psychological textbooks, Carlson (1967) found that approximately twice as much space was devoted to negative as to positive emotions. Although Carlson’s analysis is now somewhat out of date, I doubt that a survey of current textbooks would reveal a major change in emphasis (except perhaps for a recent upsurge of interest in issues related to sexual behavior, including romantic love).
Towards a Comprehensive Medical Language Processing System: Methods and Issues

Natural language processing (NLP) systems can help solve the data entry problem by providing coded data from textual reports for clinical applications. A number of NLP systems have shown promise, but have not yet achieved wide-spread use for practical applications. In order to achieve such use, a system must have broad coverage of the clinical domain and not be restricted to limited applications. In addition, an NLP system must perform satisfactorily for real-world applications. This paper describes methods and issues associated with an ongoing extension of MedLEE, an operational NLP system, from a limited domain to a domain that encompasses comprehensive clinical information.
The distributional biases of crossover operators

The choice of genetic operators is one way in which genetic algorithms can be tailored to specific optimization problems. For bit represented problems, the choice of crossover operator, or the choice not to use a crossover operator, can dramatically affect search performance. The efficacy of crossover for genetic search is governed by the relationship between the crossover biases and the search problem itself. Crossover operators have two forms of bias: positional bias and distributional bias. This paper analytically characterizes the distributional biases that exist for several commonly used crossover operators. The effects of the crossover biases are empirically examined for a Simple Genetic Algorithm applied to two types of NK-landscapes.
Borrowing Privilege: Status Maneuvering among Marginalized Men:

Research shows people confront social marginalization through work, yet this scholarship largely ignores people working in illicit markets. We address this gap by investigating how and to what end ...
Urinary concentrations of environmental phenols and their associations with breast cancer incidence and mortality following breast cancer

Abstract Background Environmental phenols, compounds used widely in personal care and consumer products, are known endocrine disruptors. Few epidemiologic studies have examined the association of phenol biomarkers with breast cancer incidence and, to our knowledge, none have considered associations with mortality following breast cancer. We examined seven urinary phenol biomarkers in association with breast cancer incidence and subsequent mortality, and examined effect measure modification by body mass index (BMI). Methods Participants included 711 women with breast cancer and 598 women without breast cancer who were interviewed for the population-based Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project. Among women with breast cancer, phenol biomarkers were quantified in spot urine samples collected on average within three months of a first diagnosis of primary in situ or invasive breast cancer in 1996–1997. Women with breast cancer were monitored for vital status using the National Death Index. After a median follow-up of 17.6 years, we identified 271 deaths, including 98 deaths from breast cancer. We examined creatinine-corrected phenol concentrations and the sum of parabens (Σparabens) in association with breast cancer incidence using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and with mortality using Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. We evaluated multiplicative effect measure modification using cross-product terms in nested models. Results The highest (vs lowest) quintiles of urinary methylparaben, propylparaben, and Σparabens were associated with risk of breast cancer with ORs ranging from 1.31 to 1.50. Methylparaben, propylparaben, and Σparabens were also associated with all-cause mortality HRs ranging from 0.68 to 0.77. Associations for breast cancer incidence were more pronounced among women with BMI 2 than among women with BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2 ; however, associations for mortality were more pronounced among women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 than among women with BMI 2 . Conclusions Select parabens may have differential associations with risk of developing breast cancer and mortality following breast cancer.