cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relations of Temperament to Maladjustment and Ego Resiliency in At-Risk Children.

The relations of control/regulation‐related temperamentally based dispositions (effortful control (EC), impulsivity, and approach/avoidance) to externalizing problems and personality ego resiliency were examined in a sample of 467 children (M age = 7.46 years), some of whom were children of alcoholics (COAs). In addition, we examined if the relations of temperamental regulation/control to maladjustment/ego resiliency were moderated by COA status or sex of the child. In general, regulated, controlled temperament was negatively related to externalizing problems and EC was positively related to ego resiliency. Relations between a problematic temperament and externalizing problems were stronger and sometimes only found for COAs, especially male COAs. Ego resiliency was positively related to high father‐reported approach for boys who were not sons of alcoholics. In addition, COA status was related to high impulsivity, approach behavior, and externalizing problems and low EC.
Therapists' Views of Treatment Alliance and Collaboration in Therapy

Therapists' views of alliance were studied using two measures: the CALPAS and the WAI. Component structures were identified in one sample (N = 251) and confirmed in a second (N = 63 therapists, 259 patients) using Perfect Congruence Analysis. Four components were found in the WAI: Shared Goals, Bond, Goal & Task Disagreement, and Therapist Confidence in Treatment. The CALPAS components were Patient Working Engagement, Patient Confidence and Commitment, and Therapist Understanding and Involvement, A joint Therapists' Confident Collaboration was identified, which had the highest correlations with therapist and patient estimates of improvement, and a moderate correlation with the Patients' Confident Collaboration factor found in Hatcher & Barends, 1996. Confident Collaboration is proposed as a key alliance concept. Mit hilfe zweier Instrumente, des CAlPAS und des WAI, wurde die Sicht der therapeutischen Allianz beiterapeuten erhoben. Mit Hilfe einer Kongruenzanalyse wurden in einer Stichprobe (N=251) Struktu...
Moderate-Reynolds-number flows in ordered and random arrays of spheres

Lattice-Boltzmann simulations are used to examine the effects of fluid inertia, at moderate Reynolds numbers, on flows in simple cubic, face-centred cubic and random arrays of spheres. The drag force on the spheres, and hence the permeability of the arrays, is calculated as a function of the Reynolds number at solid volume fractions up to the close-packed limits of the arrays. At Reynolds numbers up to O(102), the non-dimensional drag force has a more complex dependence on the Reynolds number and the solid volume fraction than suggested by the well-known Ergun correlation, particularly at solid volume fractions smaller than those that can be achieved in physical experiments. However, good agreement is found between the simulations and Ergun's correlation at solid volume fractions approaching the close-packed limit. For ordered arrays, the drag force is further complicated by its dependence on the direction of the flow relative to the axes of the arrays, even though in the absence of fluid inertia the permeability is isotropic. Visualizations of the flows are used to help interpret the numerical results. For random arrays, the transition to unsteady flow and the effect of moderate Reynolds numbers on hydrodynamic dispersion are discussed.
Does leaving school in an economic downturn impact access to employer-sponsored health insurance?

Previous work documents that leaving school in an economic downturn persistently depresses career outcomes as measured by wages, earnings, and other markers of labor market success. In this study I test whether leaving school in an economic downturn influences access to employer-sponsored health insurance. Using a long panel of workers drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort, I model the likelihood that a worker has access to employer-sponsored health insurance from initial labor market entrance through mid-career. I address the potential endogeneity of time and location of school-leaving with instrumental variables. My results suggest that leaving school in an economic downturn lowers the probability of access to employer-sponsored health insurance and this disparity is statistically distinguishable from zero 18 years after school-leaving. I1; I12; J3
Statistics in the World of Medical Devices: The Contrast with Pharmaceuticals

Medical devices play a vital role in people's lives as these products are revolutionizing medicine with breathtaking advances in both the treatment and the detection of many diseases. While a similar, primarily therapeutic, revolution is ongoing in the pharmaceutical world; the focus here is the effect this device revolution is having on the statistical world. The similarities and differences between medical devices and pharmaceutical drugs are explored in terms of their natures, industries, and how they are regulated in the U.S. and globally. Statistical issues concerning the evaluation of devices versus those of drugs are compared and contrasted. These trends are creating new challenges for the statistical world in the development and evaluation of these new medical products.
Robotic Task Planning Using A Connectionist/Symbolic System

An evaluation system called the Associative Rule Memory (ARM) is described that operates with an interactive or automatic planner in a robot-based world. The ARM is constructed from a neural network model called a Boltzmann Machine,and ranks alternative robotic actions based on the probability that the action works as expected in achieving a desired effect. The system is experience-based and can predict the probability of achieving a desired effect for robotic actions that have not been explicitly tested in the past. By providing the ARM with a desired effect, such as a goal of a plan, the ARM will quickly and efficiently find a set of robotic actions that have a high probability of achieving that goal.
Universal families of permutation groups

For several families ? of finite transitive permutation groups it is shown that each finite group is isomorphic to a 2-point stabilizer of infinitely many members of ?.
The Straight Path

The Straight Path. Richard Katz. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1993. 413 pp. $27.95 (cloth), $39.95 in Canada; $15.00 (paper).
Fast data association using multidimensional assignment with clustering

We present a fast data association technique based on clustering and multidimensional assignment algorithms for multisensor-multitarget tracking Assignment-based methods have been shown to be very effective for data association. Multidimensional assignment for data association is an NP-hard problem and various near-optimal modifications with (pseudo-)polynomial complexity have been proposed. In multidimensional assignment, candidate assignment tree building consumes about 95% of the time. We present the development of a fast data association algorithm, which partitions the problem into smaller sub-problems. A clustering approach, which attempts to group measurements before forming the candidate tree, is developed for various target-sensor configurations. Simulation results show significant computational savings over the standard multidimensional assignment approach without clustering.
Thermal Analysis and Mechanical Characterization of Maleimide-Functionalized Benzoxazine/Epoxy Copolymers

ABSTRACT: Maleimide-functionalized benzoxazine is co-polymerized with epoxy to improve toughness and proces-sibility without compromising the thermal properties. Theincorporation of maleimide functionality into the benzox-azine monomer results in a high performance polymer. Allthree possible polymerization reactions are conﬁrmed usingFourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. While ma-leimide-functionalized benzoxazine has a glass transitiontemperature, T g , of 252°C, a further 25°C increase of T g isobserved when copolymerized with epoxy. The ﬂexuralproperties are also measured, and the copolymers exhibit aﬂexural modulus of 4.2–5.0 GPa. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1670–1677, 2006 Key words: benzoxazine-epoxy copolymer; dynamic me-chanical analysis; FT-IR; high performance polymer; poly-benzoxazine INTRODUCTION In the past few decades, various high performancepolymers have been developed to withstand severethermal and/or chemical environments for applica-tions in aerospace and electronic industries. However,high performance polymers face processing difﬁcul-ties due to their high melting points, high viscosity,and low solubility in organic solvents.
Investigating metabolite essentiality through genome-scale analysis of Escherichia coli production capabilities

Motivation: A phenotype mechanism is classically derived through the study of a set of mutants and comparison of their biochemical capabilities. One method of comparing mutant capabilities is to characterize producible and knocked out metabolites. However such an effect is difficult to manually assess, especially for a large biochemical network and a complex media. Current algorithmic approaches towards analyzing metabolic networks either do not address this specific property or are computationally infeasible on the genome-scale. Results: We have developed a novel genome-scale computational approach that identifies the full set of biochemical species that are knocked out from the metabolome following a gene deletion. Results from this approach are combined with data from in vivo mutant screens to examine the essentiality of metabolite production for a phenotype. This approach can also be a useful tool for metabolic network annotation validation and refinement in newly sequenced organisms. Combining an in silico genome-scale model of Escherichia coli metabolism with in vivo survival data, we uncover possible essential roles for several cell membranes, cell walls, and quinone species. We also identify specific biomass components whose production appears to be non-essential for survival, contrary to the assumptions of previous models. Availability: Programs are available upon request from the authors in the form of Matlab script files. Contact: imielns@mail.med.upenn.edu Supplementary information: http://www.cis.upenn.edu/biocomp/manuscripts/bioinformatics_bti245/supp-info.html
Warts phosphorylates Mud to promote Pins-mediated mitotic spindle orientation in Drosophila independent of Yorkie

Multicellular animals have evolved conserved signaling pathways that translate cell polarity cues into mitotic spindle positioning to control the orientation of cell division within complex tissue structures. These oriented cell divisions are essential for the development of cell diversity and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Despite intense efforts, the molecular mechanisms that control spindle orientation remain incompletely defined. Here, we describe a role for the Hippo (Hpo) kinase complex in promoting Partner of Inscuteable (Pins)-mediated spindle orientation. Knockdown of Hpo, Salvador (Sav), or Warts (Wts) each result in a partial loss of spindle orientation, a phenotype previously described following loss of the Pins-binding protein Mushroom body defect (Mud). Similar to orthologs spanning yeast to mammals, Wts kinase localizes to mitotic spindle poles, a prominent site of Mud localization. Wts directly phosphorylates Mud in vitro within its C-terminal coiled-coil domain. This Mud coiled-coil domain directly binds the adjacent Pins-binding domain to dampen the Pins/Mud interaction, and Wts-mediated phosphorylation uncouples this intramolecular Mud interaction. Loss of Wts prevents cortical Pins/Mud association without affecting Mud accumulation at spindle poles, suggesting phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch to specifically activate cortical Mud function. Finally, loss of Wts in Drosophila imaginal disc epithelial cells results in diminished cortical Mud and defective planar spindle orientation. Our results provide new insights into the molecular basis for dynamic regulation of the cortical Pins/Mud spindle positioning complex and highlight a novel link with an essential, evolutionarily conserved cell proliferation pathway.
Regulation of adrenal scavenger receptor-BI expression by ACTH and cellular cholesterol pools

Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) mediates selective uptake of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester in the liver and adrenal gland. Adrenal SR-BI is increased both in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-treated mice and also in apolipoprotein A-I knock-out (apoA-I0) mice which have depleted adrenal cholesterol stores. The goal of the present study was to determine whether adrenal cholesterol stores and ACTH have independent effects on SR-BI expression in adrenal gland. Adrenal SR-BI levels were 5-fold higher in apoA-I0 than wild-type mice when killed under low stress condition, and plasma ACTH levels were similar in both strains. After male apoA-I0 or wild-type mice were treated with dexamethasone to suppress ACTH release, adrenal SR-BI protein levels were decreased in both groups but remained 13-fold higher in apoA-I0 than in wild-type mice. By contrast, uncontrolled stress or supplemental ACTH treatment increased SR-BI levels but narrowed the difference in SR-BI expression between apoA-I0 and wild-type. Cholesterol depletion by beta-cyclodextrin in cultured Y1-BS1 adrenal cells also led to a rapid 2- to 3-fold increase in SR-BI mRNA and protein levels, in association with a significant depletion of cellular free cholesterol. These results indicate that depletion of adrenal cholesterol stores can act independently from ACTH to increase SR-BI expression, but in vivo this effect is diminished under high ACTH conditions. Both stimuli may increase selective uptake via increased SR-BI as a means of replenishing cholesterol stores for steroid hormone synthesis.
Using next-generation sequencing to determine potential molecularly guided therapy options for patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Background Genomic sequencing technology may identify personalized treatment options for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods The study was conducted using tissue specimens obtained from 2012 to 2014. Patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma were identified. Next-generation sequencing was performed from paraffin-tumor blocks. Mutational profiles were reviewed to determine available targeted therapies and clinical trial eligibility. Results Thirty patients were identified. The incidence of mutations was: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolong (KRAS) = 87%, tumor protein 53 (TP53) = 63%, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) = 20%, Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 4 (SMAD4) = 20%, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) = 7%. Multiple mutations were found in 73%. All CDKN2A mutations occurred in male patients ( P = .06), and there was a trend toward younger patient age in this group ( P = .13). Potential for Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted therapies was identified in 8 of 30 (27%). In addition, 29 of 30 (97%) had mutations applicable for ongoing phase I or II clinical trials. Conclusions Next-generation sequencing of resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens can determine common genetic mutations and identify patients who may be eligible for off-label use of targeted therapies or clinical trial enrollment.
The gamma-delta-beta-globin gene region in G gamma-beta +-hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin

We report restriction endonuclease analysis of the gamma-delta-beta- globin gene region in a mother and child heterozygous for G gamma-beta +-hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). The affected chromosome in these persons directs the production of G gamma-chains and beta-chains but not A gamma-chains. DNA was digested with several restriction enzymes and was examined for gamma, delta, beta sequences by blot hybridization. Only normal digestion fragments were present. By sensitive methods, we were unable to detect a deletion in the entire gamma-delta-beta-globin gene region of the affected chromosome, indicating that in this family, G gamma-beta +-HPFH is not due to a large deletion.
Optical bistability with film-coupled metasurfaces

Metasurfaces comprising arrays of film-coupled, nanopatch antennas are a promising platform for low-energy, all-optical switches. The large field enhancements that can be achieved in the dielectric spacer region between the nanopatch and the metallic substrate can substantially enhance optical nonlinear processes. Here we consider a dielectric material that exhibits an optical Kerr effect as the spacer layer and numerically calculate the optical bistability of a metasurface using the finite element method (FEM). We expect the proposed method to be highly accurate compared with other numerical approaches, such as those based on graphical post-processing techniques, because it self-consistently solves for both the spatial field distribution and the intensity-dependent refractive index distribution of the spacer layer. This method offers an alternative approach to finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. We use this numerical tool to design a metasurface optical switch and our optimized design exhibits exceptionally low switching intensity of 33 kW/cm2, corresponding to switching energy on the order of tens of attojoules per resonator, a value much smaller than those found for most devices reported in the literature. We propose our method as a tool for designing all-optical switches and modulators.
The Reverse Coattails Effect: Local Party Organization in the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election

Increasingly, it is said that the main determinants of electoral outcomes are class, ethnicity, and religion and that local political organizations occupy only marginal roles in national elections. I assess the effects of local party organizations in the presidential election of 1989 in Brazil. Given the long hiatus in competitive politics, the absence of any parties linked to the country's previous democratic experience, and the weakness of citizen identification with political parties, Brazil should be a textbook example of the collapse of local political organizations. The presidential candidates, however, acted as if party endorsements mattered, and in the context of Brazilian politics, it was rational for municipal mayors to trade blocs of votes for future local benefits. Applying a series of increasingly complex models to the vote shares of the leading candidates, I show that all candidates did significantly better in municipalities where the mayor represented their party. I also show that spatial factors affect the tactics of local politicians, and I distinguish charismatic from purely organizational components of support.
Relationship Between Adult Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Body Size and Parity in Field Populations

Resting and host-seeking adult female Psorophora columbiae (Dyar & Knab), Aedes atlanticus Dyar & Knab, Aedes vexans (Meigen), and Culex salinarius Coquillett were collected. Wing length and parity of each individual were determined. Results showed that average wing lengths within the four species did not differ between the resting and host-seeking populations. Parous C. salinarius and A. vexans had significantly longer wing lengths than did nulliparous females of the same species. Within each species, individuals were grouped in size classes of 1, 2, and 3 SD above and below the mean. In all four species, the percent parous in the larger size classes was higher than in the smaller size classes. Results indicate that large-bodied mosquitoes are more successful at blood-feeding than are smaller individuals.
Electrical conductance of ionic liquids with water contents in the range 0-80 mole%

Measurements of electrical conductance and density in a ternary alkali Nitrate + nitrite eutectic system with water contents from 0 up to 82 mole % have been determined over a temperature range determined by ebullition at the upper limit and crystallization at the lower. The results, which are believed representative for salt-water systems, have been interpreted according to equations containing the "ideal glass" transition temperature as a key parameter, and the dependence on water content of this and other parameters in the equations has been assessed. The composition of the specific conductance maximum has been interpreted in terms of characteristic behaviour of the "ideal glass" transition temperature in aqueous solutions at 4-6N concentrations.
Electron and Hole Trapping Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Femtosecond Nonlinear Transmission and Photoluminescence Study

Application of two complementary femtosecond techniques (time-resolved nonlinear transmission and photoluminescence up-conversion) allows us to observe separately the electron and the hole relaxation paths in CdS nanocrystals. The obtained data indicate that hole relaxation channels are different at low and high pump fluences which is attributed to an Auger-process-assisted hole trapping at surface/interface states activated at high excitation intensities.
Abstract 1264: Mutated CD80 may facilitate T-cell activation by inhibiting PDL1-PD1 suppression and by costimulating.

CD80 functions as a costimulatory signal to activate T cells when it binds to CD28 or as an apoptotic signal when it binds to CTLA4. We recently identified another function for CD80 and showed that co-expression of CD80 by Program Death Ligand-1+ (PDL1+) human tumor cells prevents PDL1 binding to its receptor PD1 on activated T cells, and enhances activation of tumor-reactive T cells. To distinguish if CD80 is facilitating T cell activation by preventing PDL1-PD1 interactions and/or by functioning as a costimulatory molecule, we have generated a recombinant CD80 molecule that does not bind to CD28. Since we hypothesize that CD80 may be a therapeutic for inhibiting tumor-mediated immune suppression via PDL1-PD1 interactions, the recombinant CD80 is also designed to not interact with CTLA4. Using site directed mutagenesis we generated CD80 with the following mutations: H96A, L97A, and E99A (CD8096,97,99). CD28 and CTLA4 bind to 35.3% and 37.4%, respectively, of tumor cells expressing wild type CD80. In contrast, only 1.2% and 1.4% of tumor cells expressing CD8096,97,99 bind CD28 and CTLA4, respectively, demonstrating that the mutant CD80 does not bind to CD28 or CTLA4. Previous studies demonstrated that CD80 prevents PDL1-PD1 interactions by binding to PDL1 and obscuring its detection. Only 7.05% of CD8096,97,99 mutants have detectable PDL1 (vs. 98% of untransfected parental human tumor cells), demonstrating that the CD8096,97,99 mutant does not bind CD28 or CTLA4, but retains the ability to inhibit PDL1-PD1 interactions. We are also generating a soluble form of CD8096,97,99 (sCD8096,97,99) that could be administered to cancer patients to prevent tumor cell-mediated PDL1 immune suppression. The construct for the soluble form was generated by ligating the two extracellular domains of CD80 containing the 96,97,99 mutations to the Fc region of human IgG1, followed by incorporation into the Pet21a+ plasmid containing the T7 promoter. Recombinant protein will be isolated from transformed E. coli using a protein G affinity column, and tested in functional experiments with PDL1+ tumor cells to determine if CD80 increases T-cell activation by inhibiting PDL1-PD-1 immune suppression and/or by facilitating costimulation. This work was funded, in part, by grants from the HHMI Precollege and Undergraduate Science Education Program (52006949), CBI (T32 GM066706), and NIH (R01CA84232 and RO1CA115880). Citation Format: Sonia P. Dalal, Samuel Haile, Preethi Somasundaram, Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg. Mutated CD80 may facilitate T-cell activation by inhibiting PDL1-PD1 suppression and by costimulating. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1264. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1264
An Efficient Catalyst Based on Manganese Salen for Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds

A manganese salen complex is shown to be an effective (pre)catalyst in the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones. The present system features an earth-abundant and inexpensive base metal, low catalyst loading, and functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction likely proceeds through a reduced manganese(III) hydride species that undergoes electrophilic attack by the carbonyl substrates.
Operation Regimes of Normal-Dispersion Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers

The performance of mode-locked fiber lasers lagged behind solid-state lasers historically. Significant performance improvement even exceeding the performance of solid-state counterparts is possible by utilizing unique nonlinear pulse operations in normal-dispersion fiber lasers.
New Effect Sizes for Tests of Categorical Moderation and Differential Prediction

Moderator hypotheses involving categorical variables are prevalent in organizational and psychological research. Despite their importance, current methods of identifying and interpreting these moderation effects have several limitations that may result in misleading conclusions about their implications. This issue has been particularly salient in the literature on differential prediction where recent research has suggested that these limitations have had a significant impact on past research. To help address these issues, we propose several new effect size indices that provide additional information about categorical moderation analyses. The advantages of these indices are then illustrated in two large databases of respondents by examining categorical moderation in the prediction of psychological well-being and the extent of differential prediction in a large sample of job incumbents.
A Brief Task to Assess Individual Differences in Fat Discrimination

Fat discrimination ability varies across individuals and may be related to individual differences in fat preference and dietary behavior. The objective of this study was to develop a brief fat discrimination task using salad dressings varying in canola oil content, in a difference from control format. First, 74 subjects were identified as fat discriminators or fat non-discriminators based on a screening task. Subjects were also classified as non-, medium- or super-tasters of the bitter compound, 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) that has previously been linked to differences in fat perception. Then, all subjects participated in a four-sample difference from control task where they assessed the degree of difference between the test samples and a blind control. Results showed that the more sensitive groups (PROP super-tasters and fat discriminators) were able to discern both 30 and 40% fat samples from the 55% fat blind control, but the less sensitive groups (PROP non- and medium tasters, and fat non-discriminators) could only discern the 30% fat sample from the 55% fat blind control. These data suggest that the four-sample difference-from-control task is a convenient method for distinguishing individuals by fat discrimination ability when they are segmented using different criteria. Practical Applications The four-sample difference from control test for salad dressing was developed as a rapid screening tool for fat discrimination. The test was designed to fill gaps in our understanding of individual differences in fat discrimination and has practical applications for testing large numbers of respondents in consumer testing, clinical settings and genetic association studies.
Trends in Urological Manpower in the United States in 1986

AbstractEstimated urological manpower needs for the United States are reviewed and correlated with the nationwide urological work load. In addition, a limited attempt is made to assess the ideal urological work load. On the basis of this study a decrease in the production of urologists appears to be less necessary than has been proposed to date. If the present trend of increasing the length of urology residency training to 2 pre-urology years plus 4 years of urology continues, and if the influx of foreign trained graduates continues to decrease the problem of overproduction of urological specialists may be solved, since these 2 measures by themselves would reduce the annual certification in the United States to about 280 diplomates, which is 20 less than the estimated annual attrition of 300 practicing urologists. The 8,236 urologists in the United States counted by the American Medical Association in 1983 performed an average of 204 hospital procedures each, including 43 transurethral prostatic resection...
New Boraginales from tropical America 8: Nomenclatural notes on Varronia (Cordiaceae: Boraginales)

A review of the species of the neotropical genus Varronia (Cordiaceae: Boraginales), for several floristic projects and the preparation of a treatment for the Online World Flora, reveals several nomenclatural issues, which include four new combinations and a nomen novum for one additional species.
A Method of Targeted Cell Isolation via Glass Surface Functionalization

One of the limiting factors to the adoption and advancement of personalized medicine is the inability to develop diagnostic tools to probe individual nuances in expression from patient to patient. Current methodologies that try to separate cells to fill this niche result in disruption of physiological expression, making the separation technique useless as a diagnostic tool. In this protocol, we describe the functionalization and optimization of a surface for the cellular capture and release. This functionalized surface integrates biotinylated antibodies with a glass surface functionalized with an aminosilane (APTES), desthiobiotin and streptavidin. Cell release is facilitated through the introduction of biotin, allowing the recollection and purification of cells captured by the surface. This release is done through the targeting of the secondary moiety desthiobiotin, which results in a much more gentle release paradigm. This reduction in harsh reagents and shear forces reduces changes in cellular expression. The functionalized surface captures up to 80% of cells in a single cell mixture and has demonstrated 50% capture in a dual-cell mixture. Applications of this technology to xenografts and cancer separation studies are investigated. Quantification techniques for surface verification such as plate reader and ImageJ analyses are described as well.
What Is a Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: How Is It Recognized and What Should One Do to Establish That Diagnosis?

In the 2007 Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction document, published simultaneously in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, the European Heart Journal, and Circulation, five subcategories of myocardial infarction (MI) were established (Thygesen et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 50:2173–2195, 2007). The 2007 document was an updated revision of the original document from this group that had first been published in 2000 (Alpert et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 36:959–969, 2000). As noted above, in this second communication the task force defined five subtypes of MI which were retained with modest changes in the 2012 revision (Thygesen et al., Eur Heart J 33:2551–2567, 2012).
Advanced gastric cancer linitis plastica presented with disseminated intravascular coagulation

An old man was found unconscious; on admission found to have disseminated intravascular coagulation with concern of upper gastrointestinal bleed after he was found to have melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy on admission showed diffuse thickened gastric folds, and biopsy showed mucosal oedema. Bone marrow biopsy concerning for lymphoma was obtained showed adenocarcinoma. MRI of the abdomen was significant for diffuse gastric wall thickening. A repeat endoscopic ultrasound showed a diffuse gastric wall thickening of 15 mm and submucosal tunneling technique biopsy suggested high-grade, invasive, signet ring adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Oncology was consulted to initiate palliative chemotherapy. In retrospect, the patient was questioned regarding gastrointestinal symptoms; he reported gradual early satiety, dysphagia and unintentional weight loss over the course of 4 months.
Transatlantic Unity On Display: The "White Legend" and the "Pact of Silence" in Madrid's Museum of the Americas.

This article examines the history and recent pro-immigrant installations of the postcolonial Museum of the Americas in Madrid. It critically relates the Hispanist “White Legend” regarding the benev...
MANUFACTURE AND KEEPING QUALITY OF LOW FAT DAIRY SPREAD1

Six lots of dairy spread containing 35 to 50% milk fat and 8 to 13% solids-not-fat (SNF) were prepared using the following stabilizers: (a) gelatin; (b) a propylene glycol alginate; (c) a product containing propylene glycol alginate, carrageenin, and an emulsifier; and (d) a product composed of carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenin, and locust bean gum. A portion of one lot of dairy spread was fortified with nisin in addition to stabilizer (d) above. Bacterial counts, syneresis measurements, and organoleptic evaluations were made on two lots, whereas the others were only subjected to body strength and syneresis measurements. It was found that an increase in the fat to SNF ratio was accompanied by an increase in wheying-off; a decrease in body strength; and a deterioration of body, texture, and appearance of the dairy spread. In contrast to this, a decrease in the fat to SNF ratio was accompanied by improvements in body, texture and appearance, and by less wheying-off. However, reducing the fat to SNF ratio ...
Sequence alignments of the H(+)-dependent oligopeptide transporter family PTR: inferences on structure and function of the intestinal PET1 transporter.

Purpose. To study the structure and function of the intestinal H+/ peptide transporter PET1, we compared its amino acid sequence with those of related transporters belonging to the oligopeptide transporter family PTR, and with more distant transporter families.
Mesodermal Patterning Activity of the Transcription Factor SCL.

The transcription factor SCL is critically required for the establishment of the hematopoietic lineage as well as for proper endothelial development, however it is not required for maintenance of HSCs or endothelial cells in the adult. Conflicting data exists regarding the developmental function of SCL, namely whether it acts as a master regulator, actively patterning mesoderm toward hematopoietic/endothelial development at the expense of other lineages, or is merely necessary to maintain the earliest committed hematopoietic and endothelial precursors. To answer this question in a mammalian model, we have engineered murine ES cells with a conditional doxycycline-inducible SCL transgene, and evaluated the effects of pulses of SCL expression at defined time points during in vitro development. During embryoid body differentiation, a pulse of SCL expression during mesodermal patterning results in enhanced hematopoiesis at later time points, as assayed by CFC activity and FACS analysis, as well significantly increasing the frequency of bipotent hematopoietic/endothelial hemangioblast CFCs. Concomitantly, SCL represses cardiac development, assayed by beating cardiomyocyte frequency, and molecular markers of the cardiac lineage. SCL also represses paraxial mesodermal developmental potential, severely reducing both the earliest PDGFαR + /Flk-1 neg paraxial progenitors, as well as repressing levels of later markers including Pax3. Through chimeric embryoid bodies in which SCL cells are mixed with GFP-labelled ES cells, we show formally that this effect is cell-autonomous. Finally, we tested whether expression of SCL would enable hematopoiesis during ES cell monolayer differentiation. Hematopoiesis requires inter-germ layer inductive signaling which occurs in 3 dimensions but not in monolayer culture, thus ES cells do not spontaneously differentiate into blood in this 2 dimensional culture. We show that when mesoderm is produced during monolayer culture of wild-type ES cells, or control cells not expressing SCL, it is biased towards paraxial or cardiac differentiation. However when given a pulse of SCL expression, these pathways are repressed, PDGFαR neg /Flk-1 + presumptive lateral plate progenitors are produced, and abundant hematopoietic differentiation occurs. This data in the mammalian system thus strongly supports the former hypothesis, of an active role for SCL in mesodermal patterning.
Adjuvants for Skin Vaccination

Vaccines delivered through the skin have produced superior immune responses when compared with conventional intramuscular vaccinations for over two centuries. Skin vaccinations provide improved immunity to pathogens, which can be further enhanced by adding an adjuvant. Adjuvants are added to vaccines to increase the potency and longevity of the immune response, enhance the breadth of immunity, and reduce disease occurrence. Currently, the few available adjuvants used for inactivated vaccines are not approved for skin immunization because of possible local or systemic adverse reactions such as inflammation, edema, or delayed-type hypersensitivity. Hence, there is a critical need for the discovery and development of immune potentiators compatible with skin delivery of vaccines. In this review, we describe adjuvants that are under investigation for use with skin vaccination, namely, bacterial toxins, pathogen recognition receptor agonists, and chemical adjuvants. We also discuss the impact of mechanical injury on immunity and the adjuvant role of apoptosis or pyroptosis. The safety, reactogenicity, and long-term effects of these adjuvants with antigens will need to be addressed for their application in humans.
FDA analysis of grade 3-4 safety events.

2544Background: In new drug/biologics applications, safety data provided to FDA include serious adverse events (SAEs), defined as adverse events (AEs) resulting in death, life-threatening AE, inpat...
Development of a modeling framework to forecast power demands in developing regions: Proof of concept using Uganda

Accurate and detailed energy demand estimates are crucial to achieving adequate energy infrastructure planning. These estimates are often non-existent or deficient in many developing countries, and consequently, electricity supply is unreliable. A novel approach for estimating electricity demand is presented. Our approach uses a global geographical population database with 1km2 spatial resolution as the foundational input. The use of spatial population data is based on the premise that electricity consumption is dependent on where people are located. These population counts are converted to electrical customers to create spatial power demand data which can be mapped. The resulting power demand maps could be valuable for energy infrastructure planning. In this study, Uganda is used as a pilot case-study. Analysis suggests that an additional 1.5 GW of power generation capacity needs to be availed to meet the lowest power demand scenario. The methodology developed can be extended to other regions of interest.
The three-dimensional structure of the Cyphomandra betacea chloroplast peripheral reticulum

The peripheral reticulum (PR) inCyphomandra betacea chloroplasts originates as vesicles budding from the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope which elongate to form tubules then aggregate or branch to form discrete PR units. Individual PR units of many coiled tubules may be connected with other units by narrow tubules. Serial sectioning revealed the discrete units to be approximately 650–1,000 nm wide, 400–500 nm high and 500–600 nm deep and to possess a compact morphology. TheCyphomandra PR structure is compared to the morphologies of chloroplast reticula reported for other plant species. A scheme to group PR from different species into 3 distinct morphological categories is outlined and discussed.
Multidimensional Systolic Arrays for Computing Discrete Fourier Transforms and Discrete Cosine Transforms

This chapter presents a new approach for computing the multidimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the multidimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) in a multidimensional systolic array. There are extensive applications of fast Fourier transform (FFT) and fast cosine transform (FDCT) algorithms. From the basic principle of fast transform algorithms (breaking the computation in successively smaller computations), we find that the multidimensional systolic architecture is efficiently used for implementing FFT algorithms and FDCT algorithms. The essence of the multidimensional systolic array is to combine different types of semi-systolic arrays into one array so that the resulting array becomes truly systolic. This systolic array does not require any preloading of input data and it generates output data only from boundary PEs. No networks for transposition between intermediate constituent 1-D transforms are required; therefore the entire processing is fully pipelined. This approach is well suited for VLSI implementation by providing simple and regular structures. Complexity estimation of area*time 2 shows our multidimensional systolic array is within a factor of logk of the lower bound for an M-dimensional k-point DFT (k=N M ).
Colonization and Invasion of the Intestinal Tract by Salmonella

There are over 1,800 serotypes of Salmonella that are capable of colonizing and infecting a diversity of cold-blooded and warm-blooded animal hosts (LeMinor, 1984). Salmonella infection is a major cause of food-borne and water-borne illness (Hook, 1985) and leads to gastroenteritis, bacteremia, or enteric fever. S. enteritidis serotype typhimurium, S. choleraesuis and S. typhi, respectively, are most often studied as causing these three disease states. Although S. enteritidis and its 1,000 or more serovars are the principal cause of gastroenteritis in humans, most studies on pathogenesis have used the murine animal model in which the disease symptomology is more analogous to enteric fever caused by S. typhi in humans. Salmonella infection in rabbits constitutes a better system for studying the causes of gastroenteritis as reported by Stephens and colleagues (1985).
Video Error Concealment Using Deep Neural Networks

This paper presents an adaptable decoder-like model for video error concealment through optical flow prediction using deep neural networks. The horizontal and vertical motion fields from previous optical flows are separated and passed through two parallel pipelines with convolutional and long short-term memory layers. The combined output from these two networks, the predicted flow, is then used to reconstruct the degraded portion of the future video frame. Unlike current methods that use pixel or voxel information, we propose an architecture that uses three previous optical flows obtained through a flow generation step. The generator portion of the network can be easily interchanged with other methods, increasing the adaptability of the model. The network is trained in supervised mode and the performance is evaluated using standard video quality metrics by comparing the reconstructed frames from our prediction and the generated ground truth.
Association between Foot Care Knowledge and Practices among African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Pilot Study

Abstract Objectives African Americans bear a disproportionate burden of lower extremity complications associated with a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. We examined the relationship that self-reported foot care knowledge, foot self-care behaviors, and foot self-care management barriers had on a participants' intention to maintain long term foot self-care. Methods African Americans were recruited using a convenience and snowball sampling plan, as well as telephone, email and flyers detailing the study. The data from the previously modified foot care knowledge questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis and ANOVAs analyzed basic foot care knowledge, specialized foot care knowledge, and foot self-care. Results The analysis indicated that a main effect of insurance status, F(2,87) = 4.082, p = .020, was detected, and was the only significant interaction found. Conclusion When comparing the basic and extended foot care education means scores, participants had less extended foot care knowledge than basic foot care knowledge. This study also showed that insurance status had considerable influence on extended foot care knowledge. In an African American population with T2DM, regardless of education and gender, there are considerable differences between how foot care knowledge is translated into actual foot self-care behaviors.
Associations between learning community engagement and burnout, quality of life, and empathy among medical students.

Objectives To inform evidence-based design and implementation of medical school learning communities (LCs) by investigating which LC components medical students at one school with a multi-component LC were most valued and which were associated with desirable outcomes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, all Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHSOM) students were surveyed in Spring 2016 regarding perceived value of LC components (peers, faculty advisors, Clinical Foundations of Medicine (CFM) clinical skills course, quarterly reflective discussion sessions, social activities, and LC rooms) with learning environment (LE) perceptions, quality of life, burnout, and empathy assessed as outcomes. Multivariate logistic regressions analyzed associations between LC components and outcomes. Results Overall 368/480 (77%) students responded. CFM was highly valued by 286 (80%) students, advisors by 277 (75%). All LC components were significantly associated with favorable overall LE perceptions, but associations with LE subdomains varied. CFM was the only LC component to have significant associations with greater empathic concern (OR 2.1, 95% CI=1.2-3.7) and perspective-taking (OR 1.8, 95% CI=1.0-3.1), less emotional exhaustion (OR 0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.6) and depersonalization (OR 0.3, 95% CI=0.1-0.5), and good quality of life (OR 3.7, 95% CI=1.9-7.1). Every other LC component, except LC rooms, was associated with greater empathy or enhanced well-being. Conclusions Components within an LC are valued differently and vary in their relationships with student outcomes. Future LC research may isolate the effects of and explore interactions among different LC components, leading to more purposeful LC design and allocation of resources.
Transgenerational effects of parental light environment on progeny competitive performance and lifetime fitness

Plant and animal parents may respond to environmental conditions such as resource stress by altering traits of their offspring via heritable non-genetic effects. While such transgenerational plasti...