cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbonyl-17O n.m.r. of amino acid and peptide carboxamide and methyl ester derivatives.

Specific carbonyl enrichment with 17O of amino acid OMe esters by up to 10(3) times over natural abundance was affected by treating [17O]-alpha-COOH amino acids with SOCl2 in MeOH. Carbonyl-[17O]-Gly-NH2, Gly-NHCH3 and Gly-N(CH3)2 were obtained from [17O]-Gly-OMe by (methyl)aminolysis with NH3, CH3NH2 and (CH3)2NH gases respectively. Peptide [17O]-carboxamides were prepared by (methyl)aminolysis of Z-Pro-Leu-[17O]-Gly-OMe followed by catalytic hydrogenation to remove the Z group. 17O chemical shifts of amino acid and peptide carboxamides in H2O, MeOH, CH3CN and DMSO were 260-324 p.p.m. downfield relative to H2O, depending on alpha-NH2 ionization, substitution on both amino groups and solvent H bonding, primarily to amide oxygen. Introduction of an amide-N methyl group usually caused upfield shifts (approx. -10 p.p.m.), attributed to elimination of one NH bond, while a second N methylation had the opposite effect. Amino acid and peptide OMe ester carbonyl-[17O] resonances appeared 326-359 p.p.m. downfield relative to H2O reflecting on side chain interactions, state of alpha-NH2 ionization and H-bonding with the solvent. Effective rotational correlation times for glycine and peptide carboxamide-[17O], calculated from T2 relaxation data, were of similar magnitude to values derived from solution properties and depended on the molecular weight and solvent viscosity.
A Reconfigured Pattern of MLL Occupancy within Mitotic Chromatin Promotes Rapid Transcriptional Reactivation Following Mitotic Exit

Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) and its metazoan Trithorax orthologs have been linked with the epigenetic maintenance of transcriptional activity. To identify mechanisms by which MLL perpetuates active transcription in dividing cells, we investigated its role during M phase of the cell cycle. Unlike other chromatin-modifying enzymes examined, we found that MLL associates with gene promoters packaged within condensed mitotic chromosomes. Genome-wide location analysis identified a globally rearranged pattern of MLL occupancy during mitosis in a manner favoring genes that were highly transcribed during interphase. Knockdown experiments revealed that MLL retention at gene promoters during mitosis accelerates transcription reactivation following mitotic exit. MLL tethers Menin, RbBP5, and ASH2L to its occupied sites during mitosis, but is dispensable for preserving histone H3K4 methylation. These findings implicate mitotic bookmarking as a component of Trithorax-based gene regulation, which may facilitate inheritance of active gene expression states during cell division.
Pain in metastatic breast cancer

The pain experiences of 86 women with metastatic carcinoma of the breast were systematically evaluated over a period of one year. Fifty-six percent of the sample reported experiencing pain, and the intensity of pain was not significantly related to site of metastasis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 50% of the variance in the pain experience was accounted for by: (1) the amount of mood disturbance as measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS); (2) the patients' belief that the pain indicated worsening of the illness; and (3) the use of analgesic medication. The nature of family support, social functioning, and coping responses were not significantly associated with pain intensity, nor was mortality during the one-year follow-up period. These data document the significance of psychological factors in accounting for differences in pain experience and document the interaction between pain and mood disturbance. These findings suggest that treatment of metastatic pain should include attention to the patient's mood and adjustment to the illness. Cancer 52:34-345, 1983.
Early results on ozone hole

A team of scientists presently working in Antarctica has announced some preliminary results of their studies of ozone depletion in the atmosphere over the south pole in the antarctic spring. Speaking via satellite at an October 20 press conference, the National Ozone Expedition (NOZE) said that their early measurements suggested that the antarctic ozone “hole” is not a result of upward wind motions or high solar activity, as some recent models have proposed. Although they have not established the cause, the group said, “we suspect a chemical process is fundamentally responsible for the formation of the hole.” Proponents of dynamical and solar cycle models, however, said that the data remain open to interpretation, at least until additional results are analyzed.
Segregation of metals by coagulation in estuaries

Abstract The transport of metals from rivers through the estuaries to the oceans is, to a large extent, carried out by small particles. These small particles coagulate when they are exposed to small amounts of salt water. The coagulation process segregates the particles and their associated metals in different size flocs. To understand further the process that was found to occur in the Chesapeake Bay, laboratory simulation experiments have been conducted on these natural materials in which the turbulence and salinity was controlled. The metals studied were Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn. In these laboratory simulation experiments, the concentration of the various metals was different in the various size flocs. This experiment demonstrated that segregation of the metals does occur due to the coagulation of natural sediments by seawater.
Neutron capture in laser-fusion pellets

Investigating the feasibility of obtaining slow neutron fluencies sufficient for multiple-capture nucleosynthesis, we have applied a Monte Carlo technique to determine the moderation of neutrons in a superdense laser-energized fusion pellet. We studied pellets of varying chemical composition and structure ranging in size from $\ensuremath{\rho}R\ensuremath{\sim}1 \mathrm{to} 50$ g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and found our results to be rather insensitive to the parametrization of the hydrodynamic motion. That is, the neutron spectra were largely unaffected by reasonable variations of peak density, time of disassembly, and shape of the density profile. A useful method of improving the ratio of moderated to unmoderated neutrons was to dilute the thermonuclear fuel with hydrogen and/or the addition of a beryllium reflector. We also calculated the ratio of fission, neutron capture, and ($n, p$) reactions in pellets seeded with traces of $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ target material.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Calculated neutron fluxes and neutron-nucleus reactions for parametrized thermonuclear explosions of $^{2}\mathrm{H}$$^{3}\mathrm{H}$ and $^{2}\mathrm{H}$$^{2}\mathrm{H}$ laser-fusion pellets with moderators and target material.
Generalized Implementation of Rapid-Scan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging

We describe a novel, generalized data acquisition sequence to allow rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging using focal plane array (FPA) detectors. This technique derives its applicability from the reproducible performance of modern FT-IR instrumentation and the availability of FPAs with simultaneous, full array acquisition, or snapshot electronics. Instead of sampling the entire interferogram in one mirror sweep over a predetermined retardation, as in traditional continuous-scanning techniques, the modulated light from the interferometer is recorded over several mirror sweeps. The FPA detector is synchronized for data acquisition after a specified delay with respect to the initiation of the mirror motion to provide a highly under-sampled interferogram. By incorporating appropriate delays in subsequent interferometer mirror scans, the entire interferogram is sampled and reconstructed. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the resulting interferograms are analyzed and are compared with step-scan spectroscopic imaging data.
Mechanisms that link the oncogenic epithelial-mesenchymal transition to suppression of anoikis.

The oncogenic epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor progression in various context-dependent ways, including increased metastatic potential, expansion of cancer stem cell subpopulations, chemo-resistance and disease recurrence. One of the hallmarks of EMT is resistance of tumor cells to anoikis. This resistance contributes to metastasis and is a defining property not only of EMT but also of cancer stem cells. Here, we review the mechanistic coupling between EMT and resistance to anoikis. The discussion focuses on several key aspects. First, we provide an update on new pathways that lead from the loss of E-cadherin to anoikis resistance. We then discuss the relevance of transcription factors that are crucial in wound healing in the context of oncogenic EMT. Next, we explore the consequences of the breakdown of cell-polarity complexes upon anoikis sensitivity, through the Hippo, Wnt and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathways, emphasizing points of crossregulation. Finally, we summarize the direct regulation of cell survival genes through EMT-inducing transcription factors, and the roles of the tyrosine kinases focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and TrkB neurotrophin receptor in EMT-related regulation of anoikis. Emerging from these studies are unifying principles that will lead to improvements in cancer therapy by reprogramming sensitivity of anoikis.
CGE model of pollution abatement processes for assessing the economic effects of environmental policy

Abstract We use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the impacts of environmental regulations on the German economy. Our assessment differs from most previous CGE studies of environmental policy in that our model is based on a dataset in which the specific inputs used for pollution abatement processes are in input-output matrix form. This allows us to model pollution abatement processes more accurately. We use the model to compare the impacts of environmental policy to the impacts of tariffs, non-tariff barriers (NTBs) and production subsidies. At a minimum, the impacts of environmental programs on the German economy are comparable to these other distortionary government policies. Depending upon the source of capital stock for complying with environmental regulation, the economic impacts may be substantially larger than those observed for other economic policies.
Predominant V‐Region Gene Configurations in the Human Antibody Response to Haemophilus influenzae Capsule Polysaccharide

The antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (Hib PS) is known to be encoded by a few V-region genes. We have obtained four human monoclonal Hib PS antibodies from four healthy adult subjects immunized with diphtheria toxin-conjugated Hib PS vaccine. The VH gene segments that encode for these antibodies belong to the VH3 gene family, of which two are related to the V3-23 gene and two to the VH3b subfamily. Both hybridomas that express a V3-23-related gene use short D-segments (3 bp), the JH6 gene segment and a V kappa gene derived from the A2 germline gene. The two hybridomas that express VH3b genes use D-segments of conventional length (24-33 bp), the JH4 gene segment and a non-A2 V kappa gene. Comparison of our sequences with those reported by others suggests that the above patterns of V-region gene segment association exemplify two V-region gene configurations that are predominant in the Hib PS antibody response. The first configuration is reminiscent of antibodies produced by B-1 B cells while the second is more characteristic of antibodies produced by conventional B cells. The possibility that these two configurations, in fact, represent the products of two different B cell lineages remains to be elucidated.
An economic decision model for technology transfer

Abstract Technology transfer is essential in the economic development of developing countries. Problems created by technology transfer are often identified in the literature. The mode of implementation to achieve success of technology transfer has not been adequately treated. It is the author's contention that some developing countries fail to identify the “appropriate” technology which will suit their needs. In order to achieve successful technology transfer, the right type of technology must be identified. At times, the different types of technology may not be mutually exclusive. This requires the ranking of the different technologies for a particular country. The priority ranking will help developing countries determine how to allocate their limited resources to achieve their overall goal of successful technology transfer. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is suggested as a method to determine the appropriate technology.
Evolving Role of the Neurologist in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Noncancer Pain

The neurologist has become increasingly involved in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with chronic noncancer pain (CNP). Chronic noncancer pain affects a diverse patient population with multiple underlying diagnoses and associated therapies. Following the model of the American Board of Anesthesiology and the American Society of Anesthesiologists for practice guidelines and subspecialty requirements, neurologic pain management is now recognized as a subspecialty of neurology by the American Academy of Neurology and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Current basic and clinical research into the neuropathology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, and neuropharmacology of chronic pain continues to expand diagnostic and therapeutic options. Informed regulatory agencies and professional organizations such as the American Academy of Neurology recognize the undertreatment of patients with CNP and provide clear recommendations to help neurologists in the ethical and effective treatment of patients with pain. Improved education of neurologists, other health care professionals, patients, and the media about evolving standards of pain care and therapy will produce a more supportive environment for the compassionate and ethical treatment of patients with CNP.
Influence of light on thyroid function in bullfrog tadpoles.

Abstract The effect of continuous environmental illumination on thyroid gland activity was investigated as a function of development in larval bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana . After exposure of premetamorphic and prometamorphic tadpoles to continuous light or darkness, thyroid activity was determined by measurement of total glandular accumulation and percent incorporation into follicular protein, of 131 I. Light stimulated the gland to greater activity at both developmental stages; however, quantitative differences were found between the two groups. The older larvae accumulated more iodide than did the younger animals despite minimal size differences between the two groups. The significance of this discrepancy is discussed. It is suggested that metamorphosis in bullfrogs is probably most profoundly influenced by light, late in larval development due to maturation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid axis.
Subunit identification and reconstitution of the N-type Ca2+ channel complex purified from brain

Calcium channels play an important role in regulating various neuronal processes, including synaptic transmission and cellular plasticity. The N-type calcium channels, which are sensitive to omega-conotoxin, are involved in the control of transmitter release from neurons. A functional N-type calcium channel complex was purified from rabbit brain. The channel consists of a 230-kilodalton subunit (alpha 1B) that is tightly associated with a 160-kilodalton subunit (alpha 2 delta), a 57-kilodalton subunit (beta 3), and a 95-kilodalton glycoprotein subunit. The complex formed a functional calcium channel with the same pharmacological properties and conductance as those of the native omega-conotoxin-sensitive calcium channel in neurons.
Bihemispheric gunshot wounds: survival and long-term neuropsychological follow-up of three siblings

Penetrating gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) have notoriously poor outcomes with extremely high mortality. Long-term follow-up data of affected children is scant in the medical literature. This report summarizes clinical presentation, management, and long-term outcomes from three children who survived “execution style” frontal, bihemispheric gunshot wounds with no or minimal surgical intervention. A retrospective chart review of available medical records and outcomes from standardized, validated psychological instruments was undertaken, summarized, and evaluated. Despite bihemispheric injuries in each patient, no patient required operative intervention. Each child survived without readily evident neurologic impairment; however, the extent of impaired executive function varied widely, and severe disinhibition remains profoundly disabling in one survivor. Bihemispheric penetrating gunshot injuries are not uniformly fatal and can occasionally be associated with long-term favorable survival; however, impaired executive function has significant potential to be profoundly disabling in these injuries.
A Brazilian Challenge to Lewis's Explanation of Cult Mediumship

Recruitment into peripheral possession trance cults has been explained as attempts to compensate for socio-economic deprivation and jural impotence. This model, best developed by I. M. Lewis, is reviewed and its predictions are tested against two types of Brazilian data. Firstly, national census figures of religious affiliation are compared with measures of socio-economic stress for a diachronic analysis. A second, synchronic analysis involves 62 respondents in Rio de Janeiro who completed questionnaires on socio-economic status, cultic affiliation, and perceptions of stress and gender inequality. The results offer only weak support for Lewis's original model, which may therefore profit from supplementation from other theoretical perspectives.
Information theoretics-based technoeconomic forecasting: application to telecommunication service industry

Addressed in this paper is an information-theoretics inspired econometric approach to evolve a forecast model on the growth profiles of telecommunication services. It includes cohesively, both the profile of user-economics as well as the technological framework of service providers; and the forecasting suite is built on the basis of information-theoretics considerations. It refers to a modified Fisher-Kaysen method that accounts for "free-market" principles and uses entropy (stochastic) details of differential changes in the short-run (state) variables of the growth function. Further, the principle of proportional fairness is appropriately invoked and the heuristics of users' willingness-to-pay for the network resources allocated to them is presumed. A few simulation examples using real-world data are furnished to validate the forecast algorithm developed. The computed results on forecasting presented depict a "cone-of-forecast" in the ex ante regime of the examples considered. Relevance of this method to modern aspects of managerial approach and market penetration vis-a-vis forecast trends is indicated. Shortcomings of the method are identified.
Air flow in snake ventilation

Ahstraet. Ventilation in resting, unrestrained Boa constrictor, Python regius and Thamnophi~ s. sirtalis was monitored using various combinations of a closed Kopfkappe (head chamber), intratracheal pressure catheters, strain gauges around the trunk, and a flow meter connected to one of the nostrils. Records of intratracheal pressure with and without closing the Koplkappe show that the latter device induces artifacts in the normal ventilatory pattern. Flow meter readings from quiescent snakes indicate that ventilation is biphasic (outflow-inflow-pause) rather than triphasic (outflow-inflow-outflow--pause), while simultaneous pressure and strain gauge reaxds are variably tri- or quadriphasic.
Race, Referendums, and Roll-Off

Political scientists have devoted an enormous amount of attention to the various correlates of voter turnout in the United States. Among the most venerable of generalizations to result from this work is that black Americans are less likely to vote than white Americans. While the independent effect of this racial variable is a matter of dispute (see especially Abramson and Claggett, 1984, 1986), its empirical association with this measure of political participation is seldom questioned. The fact that the voting public has consistently been found to be disproportionately white has been, for many years, one of the more disturbing features of American electoral politics. Racial differences in electoral participation do not necessarily stop, however, once registered voters sign in at the polls. The typical American ballot permits the voter to participate in a number of distinct electoral contests. The degree to which voters participate in elections after being presented with the ballot may therefore vary tremendously. Some might vote in all of the different elections, while others "roll-off," voting in some elections (usually the "high stimulus" candidate contests, such as presidential, gubernatorial, or mayoral elections placed at or near the top of the ballot) but abstaining in others (usually those located farther down the ballot). Elections placed lower on the ballot are not necessarily unimportant. Voters may decide through these elections who will represent them in a state legislature or on a city council, for example, or whether or not a state constitution or city charter is to be amended, property taxes changed, or school districts consolidated. If black voters are more likely than other voters to roll-off, then black people may be doubly underrepresented when these electoral decisions are made (Magleby, 1984, p. 105; see also Lee, 1978, pp. 107-110; Clubb and Traugott, 1972). The empirical linkage between race and roll-off, in contrast to that between race and turnout, has been investigated only rarely. The evidence marshalled to date does suggest, however, that blacks who vote do tend to participate in fewer of the electoral contests listed on the ballot than do whites who vote. This tendency has been reported to apply not only
Moving Forward in Bioethical Theory: Theories, Cases, and Specified Principlism

The field of bioethics has deployed different models of justification for particular moral judgments. The best known models are those of deductivism, casuistry, and principlism (under one, rather limited interpretation). Each of these models, however, has significant difficulties that are explored in this essay. An alternative model, suggested by the work of Henry Richardson, is presented. It is argued that specified principlism is the most promising model of justification in bioethics.
CALCULATING PROSTATE CANCER VOLUME PREOPERATIVELY: THE D'AMICO Equation ANDSOME OTHER OBSERVATIONS

AbstractPurpose: The primary morphological determinants of cancer progression in the prostate are tumor volume and the percentage of Gleason grades 4 and/or 5 disease. To date the best estimate of cancer volume before therapy has been serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) with Pearson's correlation coefficient value of approximately 0.5. Recently it was reported that prostate cancer volume calculated according to the formula, cancer specific serum PSA/amount of PSA leaking into the serum per cm.3 of cancer, highly correlates with actual cancer volume (R = 0.98). Because there is a definite need for greater accuracy in estimating cancer volume before therapy, we attempt to confirm this proposed Equation inour radical prostatectomy series.Materials and Methods: We applied this Equation tothe initial 318 men with peripheral zone cancer treated only with radical prostatectomy at our institution who were followed for a mean and median of greater than 5 years. Calculated prostate cancer volume was determined ac...
Contemporary English in the USA

I ndigenous and immigrant speakers from a variety of linguistic and sociocultural backgrounds have in diff erent ways contributed to the development of presentday American English, as have the geographical and social dimensions of thecountry. This paper provides a survey of contemporary usage of American English by describing and illustrating linguistic features documented for social and regional groups in the United States. The focus on variation in pronunciation, grammar, and meaning in American English highlights the diversity of dialects and styles in the U.S. as well as the centrality of sociocultural identities to language use. We group examples of variation according to the social and geographical factors that these features have been associated with in the literature: region, age, ethnicity, and gender. We note though that patterns of linguistic usage differ both within and across communities, with particular features used by diff erent social groups for shifting purposes. The examples here provide a snapshot of the kinds of variation observed in contemporary American English as we move into the 21st century.
Improved cardiac tagging resolution at ultra-high magnetic field elucidates transmural differences in principal strain in the mouse heart and reduced stretch in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Cardiac tagging resolution for regional principal strains E1 and E2 has been a limiting factor for the study of dilated mouse hearts, in which the left ventricle (LV) wall thickness can drop to below 1 mm. Therefore, high resolution tagging was performed at 14.1 T to enable transmural principal strain measurements across the LV wall of normal mouse hearts and average principal strains in thinned LV walls of a transgenic mouse (PKCe TG) that develops dilated LV. A modified DANTE tagging and fast gradient imaging method produced a tagging grid dimension of 0.33 × 0.33 mm and line thickness under 0.1 mm. In normal mice, average E1 strain in the epicardium was significantly higher than the endocardial E1 (epi = 0.22 ± 0.10; endo = 0.13 ± 0.07, p < 0.05), while magnitude of average endocardial E2 was greater than in the epicardium (endo = −0.12 ± 0.03, epi = −0.08 ± 0.03; p < 0.001). E1 strain averaged over four segments was reduced in dilated hearts compared to controls (PKCe TG = 0.14 ± 0.02; control = 0.18 ...
Gesture Improves Coreference Resolution

Coreference resolution, like many problems in natural language processing, has most often been explored using datasets of written text. While spontaneous spoken language poses well-known challenges, it also offers additional modalities that may help disambiguate some of the inherent disfluency. We explore features of hand gesture that are correlated with coreference. Combining these features with a traditional textual model yields a statistically significant improvement in overall performance.
Throughput Analysis and Measurements in IEEE 802.11 WLANs with TCP and UDP Traffic Flows

There is a vast literature on the throughput analysis of the IEEE 802.11 media access control (MAC) protocol. However, very little has been done on investigating the interplay between the collision avoidance mechanisms of the 802.11 MAC protocol and the dynamics of upper layer transport protocols. In this paper, we tackle this issue from an analytical, simulative, and experimental perspective. Specifically, we develop Markov chain models to compute the distribution of the number of active stations in an 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) when long-lived transmission control protocol (TCP) connections compete with finite-load user datagram protocol (UDP) flows. By embedding these distributions in the MAC protocol modeling, we derive approximate but accurate expressions of the TCP and UDP throughput. We validate the model accuracy through performance tests carried out in a real WLAN for a wide range of configurations. Our analytical model and the supporting experimental outcomes show that 1) the total TCP throughput is basically independent of the number of open TCP connections and the aggregate TCP traffic can be equivalently modeled as two saturated flows; and 2) in the saturated regime, n UDP flows obtain about n times the aggregate throughput achieved by the TCP flows, which is independent of the overall number of persistent TCP connections.
On Schneewind and Kant's Method in Ethics

Contemporary work on Kantian ethics often ascribes to him a "constructivist" rather than a realist methodology. In this paper I focus on J.B. Schneewind's impressive historical work to the effect that such a reading fits in nicely with stressing several significant similarities between Kant and modem British moralists who employed a kind of "skeptical method" in ethics. After displaying the merits of this interpretation, 1 argue that there are nonetheless significant and defensible differences between Kant himself and his British predecessors and constructivist successors.
Impact of fertility preservation counseling and treatment on psychological outcomes among women with cancer: A systematic review

BACKGROUND For many female cancer survivors, the preservation of reproductive potential is central to quality of life (QOL), and concerns regarding infertility may affect treatment decisions. Despite the existence of several consensus guidelines supporting routine fertility preservation consultation, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding psychological outcomes in female cancer patients who undergo fertility preservation counseling/consultation (FPC), with or without fertility preservation (FP). METHODS This literature review examined the effect of FPC alone, or with FP, on psychological outcomes including satisfaction, decisional regret, and QOL. PubMed and PsychINFO were systematically searched for English-language publications from the earliest available publication date of each database through March 2015. Among 111 unique articles concerning oncofertility, 13 met inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed articles reporting primary data regarding satisfaction and psychological outcomes among women who underwent FPC alone or with FP. RESULTS A majority of women receiving FPC reported that the possibility of FP was instrumental to improved coping. Receiving FPC reduced long-term regret and dissatisfaction concerning fertility, and was associated with improved physical QOL and trends toward improved psychological QOL. Women also desired prompt, standardized, and written information addressing perceived unmet needs specific to oncofertility. Offering FPC was perceived as critical regardless of age or parity. CONCLUSIONS To the best of the authors' knowledge, little research to date has addressed the impact of FPC alone, or with FP, on QOL in women with cancer. Clinicians should recognize the existing evidence base supporting the psychological benefit of prompt FPC. Future research must be conducted to elucidate the long-term psychosocial effects of FP. Cancer 2015;121:3938–3947. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Roof-rock contamination of Taylor Creek Rhyolite, New Mexico, as recorded in hornblende phenocrysts and biotite xenocrysts

The Taylor Creek Rhyolite, a group of coeval, mid-Tertiary, silica-rich rhyolite lava domes in southwestern New Mexico, is notable for recording bulk-rock evidence of minor, yet easily measurable, contamination of its source magma reservoir resulting from assimilation of Proterozoic roof rock. Most of the evidence is recorded in trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sri ratios, which are far different in uncontaminated magma and roof rocks. Hornblende phenocrysts and biotite xenocrysts also record the effects of contamination. Electron microprobe analyses show that all hornblende grains are zoned to Mgrich and Fe- and Mn-poor rims. Rim MgO content is typically about 10 wt% greater than core MgO content. Other hornblende constituents are not measurably variable. Biotite xenocrysts, trace mineral constituents, are present only in the domes that are most contaminated, as judged by bulk-rock variations in trace element concentrations and 87Srl 86Sri. Biotite grains are invariably partly to almost completely altered. Microprobe analyses of the cores of the least-altered grains show that large variations in Fe and Mg and that biotite contains 2-20 times as much Mg as fresh biotite phenocrysts in other silica-rich rhyolite lavas. Fe and Mg are negatively correlated in hornblende and biotite, consistent with mixing two end-member compositions. The mass ratio of contaminant to magma was probably less than 1:100, and major constituents, including AI, were not measurably affectedin hornblende. Al-in-hornblende barometry yields essentially a constant calculated pressure of about 1.5 kbar, which is consistent with the interpretation that all contamination occurred in a boundary zone about 300 m thick at the top of the magma reservoir.
Repair of major congenital cardiac defects in low-birth-weight infants: Is delay warranted?

Objectives Few studies have described the survival of low-birth-weight infants weighing less than 1.5 kg at operation for a cardiac malformation. Our goal was to determine if body weight at surgery affects survival. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using outcome data from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium between 1982 and 2006. Results We reviewed the outcomes of 450 consecutive infants with a cardiac anomaly and a birth weight of less than 1.5 kg, and weight of less than 2.5 kg at surgery. Of these, 179 patients had undergone surgery with a weight of less than 1.5 kg and 271 patients weighed 1.5 to 2.5 kg at surgery. The 30-day survival rate was 83% for cohort 1 and 86% for cohort 2. For patients not requiring cardiopulmonary bypass, the 30-day survival rate was 86% for cohort 1 and 92% for cohort 2. For patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass, the 30-day survival rate was 69% for cohort 1 and 73% for cohort 2. No notable improvement in the outcomes occurred over time. Conclusions For low-birth-weight infants (weight
INTUITION: THE “UNSEEN THREAD” CONNECTING EMERSON AND JAMES*

Recent scholarly comment on the relation between Ralph Waldo Emerson and William James offers an either–or choice between conflating the two thinkers in a proto-postmodern, antifoundationalist cast or dividing them into mutually exclusive categories of idealist believer and relativist skeptic. Contending that neither of these positions captures the pragmatist adumbrations in Emerson or the transcendentalist retentions in James, this essay turns to James's annotations of Emerson's writings as a singularly revealing yet largely neglected source of information about the exact nature of the Emerson–James connection. This evidence points to a pluralistic and distinctly literary formulation of intuitive insight as the key for opening up the Emerson–James relation and for framing it with a precision hitherto missing in discussions of these thinkers. The balance of the essay presents an analytic overview of the various aspects and implications of Emerson's and James's ideas of intuition. Combining doubt and belief, skepticism and faith, realism and idealism, a particular formulation of intuition is the answer that Emerson and James both offer to the problem of modernity—the problem of locating a source of value that is both of the self and beyond the self.
Promise and challenges of anticoagulation with dabigatran

Dabigatran, marketed as Pradaxa (Boehringer Ingelheim) in the USA, is a direct thrombin inhibitor that holds great promise. It has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolism with similar if not greater efficacy than warfarin and with far fewer side effects. However, like other anticoagulants, it can cause severe bleeding complications and lacks a specific antidote with proven efficacy. The patient presented here was on dabigatran and sustained a traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The ICH continued to progress despite prompt initiation of 3h of hemodialysis in an effort to remove the offending drug from the circulation. Through this case report, we highlight the challenges of anticoagulation with dabigatran including the lack of routine testing for monitoring its effect and of a specific antidote. We also discuss the potential role of dialysis in treating patients with life-threatening bleeding on dabigatran.
Escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis: role of vasopressin resistance of the collecting duct

Previously, we demonstrated that escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis ("vasopressin escape") in rats is associated with a large, selective decrease in whole kidney expression of aquaporin-2, the vasopressin-regulated water channel. Here, we show that isolated perfused inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDs) from vasopressin-escape rats desamino-[D-arginine]vasopressin (DDAVP)/water-loaded have dramatically reduced vasopressin-dependent osmotic water permeabilities [46% of control rats (DDAVP alone)], which coincides with a fall in inner medullary aquaporin-2 protein abundance as measured by immunoblotting in the opposite kidney. Furthermore, we demonstrate in IMCD suspensions that cAMP accumulation in response to DDAVP is substantially reduced in the vasopressin-escape rats both in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX. By immunoblotting, we show that the abundance of two proteins important in cAMP generation: the stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gs and adenylyl cyclase type VI, do not change. We conclude that vasopressin escape is associated with relative vasopressin resistance of the collecting duct cells manifested by decreased intracellular cAMP levels. The decreased cAMP levels can contribute to the demonstrated decrease in collecting duct water permeability in two ways: 1) by causing a decrease in aquaporin-2 expression and 2) by limiting the acute action of vasopressin to increase collecting duct water permeability.
INTERACTION MODELING IN SYSTEMS DESIGN

We present a simulation and design framework for simultaneously designing and modeling electromechanical systems. By instantiating component objects in our software and connecting them to each other via ports, the designer configures complex systems. Interactions are the physical phenomena that occur at the interfaces between connected components. Most of the research in configuration design has focused on modeling components, with very little attention paid to the dynamics of the interaction phenomena. To obtain an accurate virtual prototype, the interaction dynamics must also be captured in behavioral models. All interactions between components are mediated by ports. We introduce port and interaction model taxonomies, and provide a set -theoretic formalism that defines the algebra of port and interaction models. In addition, the formalism supports automatic instantiation of interaction models given the types of the connected ports, as well as the ability to replace one interaction model for another depending on the requirements of the desired simulation experiment. We illustrate our framework with an example.
Development of a Compact 3 T $\hbox{MgB}_{2}$ Magnet

The authors have reported results of MgB2 test coils that exhibited anomalously low n-value. It was discovered that the major cause of the n-value related voltage was nonuniformity of the wire along its length. Based on this finding, the development of a compact 3 T magnet has been started. The magnet consists of six coils of 30 cm bore each. The fields will be 3 T at 4 K and 1.5 T at 20 K, respectively. The coils will be cooled by thermal conduction. One of the center coils was manufactured with the refined wire of improved lengthwise uniformity. Results of tests on this coil showed no measurable n-value related voltage. Superconducting joint development has been ongoing. Current peak multifilament joints show superconductivity up to 120 A at 14 K. Further trials to achieve the full short sample operating current at each temperature are ongoing. The cryogenic design for the magnet is based on the use of dual coolants either with hydrogen or helium and consists of two distinct and separate primary and secondary cooling circuits.
An Academic Technology Initiative for Teacher Preparation Candidates: Implications for Preservice Teacher Programs.

Schools of education (SOEs) are experiencing increased pressure to prepare teacher candidates for the effective and innovative integration of technolo gies. Lack of both ubiquitous on-campus access and effective modeling by SOE faculty are two often-cited barriers to reaching this goal. The Academic Technology Initiative (ATI) at a large Northeastern university provided laptops and support for all preservice teachers and faculty in an attempt to address these barriers. Using a grounded theory, ethnographic approach, this study examines how the removal of access and infrastructure barriers affects technology integration and faculty technology modeling. Our findings may help inform new technology strategies at both this and other universities designing such programs. We expect to identify new barriers and limitations that hold important implications for the future of the ATI and teacher preparation programs in general.
Non-Invasive Assessment and Control of Ultrasound-Mediated Membrane Permeabilization

Purpose. Ultrasound has been shown to transiently permeabilize biological membranes, thereby facilitating delivery of large compounds such as proteins and DNA into cells and across tissues such as skin. In this study, we sought to quantitatively determine the dependence of cell membrane permeabilization on ultrasound parameters and to identify acoustic signals which correlate with observed membrane permeabilization.
Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Morphology and Climate/Growth Responses Along a Physiographic Gradient in North Carolina

Geographic differences in tree morphology and climate and growth responses of longleaf pine have been documented, yet how these differences vary at a larger scale has not. In this study, we documented changes in tree morphology and climate and radial growth responses of six longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands in three physiographic regions in North Carolina. We sampled from more than fifteen trees per stand and compared site- and regional-level total and latewood ring width values to temperature, precipitation, and drought. All morphological characteristics expressed a strong west–east gradient. Climate and radial growth response was strongest for the Sandhills region and then Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions. The distinct morphological characteristic gradient did not covary with climate and radial growth response, suggesting that additional environmental influences affect needle length, trunk diameter, and height.
Post-9/11 America: Conventional Wisdom versus Popular Pragmatism

Using data from a nationwide panel survey funded by the National Science Foundation, we analyze psychological and political variables to identify and assess the ways in which Americans are interpreting terrorism and how their interpretations are affecting their behavior and support for government policy.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow Through an Array of Cubes with Local Grid Refinement

High resolution simulations of the transport of urban contaminants are important for disaster response and city planning. Large-eddy simulation (LES) and mesh refinement can each be used to decrease the computational cost of modelling, but combining these techniques can result in additional errors at grid-refinement interfaces. Here, we study the effect of the turbulence closure on the accuracy of LES results, for grids with mesh refinement, in a test case of flow through a periodic array of cubes. It is found that a mixed-model turbulence closure, using both an eddy viscosity and a scale similarity component, reduces energy accumulation at grid-refinement interfaces when used with explicit filtering of the advection term. The mixed model must be used with explicit filtering to control high wavenumber errors generated by the non-linear scale-similarity model. The results demonstrate that the turbulence closure mitigates errors associated with using LES on block-structured grids for urban-flow simulations.
Description of Diedra, New Genus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini), and Three New Species, Based on Phylogenetic Analysis

Diedra , new genus, is proposed for Argyrotaenia cockerellana (Kearfott), A. wielgusi (Clarke), and 3 new species: D. calocedrana (type locality: Blodgett Forest, 13 miles east of Georgetown, El Dorado County, CA), D. intermontana (type locality: Icthyosaur State Park, Nye County, NV), and D. leuschneri (type locality: Pinyon Crest, Riverside County, CA). A phylogenetic analysis compares the Diedra group to 3 species of Argyrotaenia that are morphologically similar to Diedra using 25 morphological and ecological characters. Cladistic analyses indicate strong support for the distinctiveness of Diedra but weak resolution within Diedra. Nor was there convincing evidence for a sister taxon among A. paiuteana Powell, A. niscana (Kearfott), and A. citrana (Fernald). Ordering of 2 characters and weighting of 2 others increased resolution to a most parsimonious solution.
DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE DUE TO SEVERE MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION

Chronic mitral valve regurgitation has been reported as an etiological factor for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), but there have been only a few cases that have reported acute mitral valve regurgitation to cause DAH. A 29-year-old Caucasian female with history of primary antiphospholipid
Cysteine scanning mutagenesis of transmembrane domain 10 in organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1.

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 is an important drug transporter expressed in human hepatocytes. Previous studies have indicated that transmembrane (TM) domain 2, 6, 8, 9, and in particular 10 might be part of the substrate binding site/translocation pathway. To explore which amino acids in TM10 are important for substrate transport, we mutated 34 amino acids individually to cysteines, expressed them in HEK293 cells, and determined their surface expression. Transport activity of the two model substrates estrone-3-sulfate and estradiol-17β-glucuronide as well as of the drug substrate valsartan for selected mutants was measured. Except for F534C and F537C, all mutants were expressed at the plasma membrane of HEK293 cells. Mutants Q541C and A549C did not transport estradiol-17β-glucuronide and showed negligible estrone-3-sulfate transport. However, A549C showed normal valsartan transport. Pretreatment with the anionic and cell impermeable sodium (2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (MTSES...
The Role of the Dissertation in Music Education Doctoral Programs

This survey study was designed to determine attributes of, and attitudes toward, the doctoral dissertation. Of particular interest was music education faculty awareness and implementation of project-based dissertations as alternatives to traditional dissertations. Respondents, music education program heads at doctoral granting institutions (N = 46, 85% return), agreed strongly that the dissertation should make a contribution to knowledge and that the outcome of doctoral programs should be skilled researchers, but indicated that less than half of recent graduates published a research or practitioner article based on the dissertation. Only eight participants responded that their students had an option for completing their doctoral dissertation in any format other than the traditional dissertation. Only 53% of respondents were familiar with the project-based doctoral dissertation, which may explain the relatively neutral responses to questions related to the appropriateness of this format. Faculty were only ...