cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF THE CLAM, MACOMABALTHICA (LINNAEUS), EXPOSED TO PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL AS UNMIXED OIL, WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION, AND OIL-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT IN THE LABORATORY

Abstract The small clam, Macoma balthica (Linnaeus 1758), will likely be subjected to oil slicks layered on the mud and to water-soluble fractions of crude oil or oil-contaminated sediment. Groups of adult clams in or on their natural sediment were exposed in flow-through aquaria at 7°-12°C to various concentrations of Prudhoe Bay crude oil layered on the mud surface, the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of the crude oil, and oil-treated sediment (OTS). Gentle settling of crude oil over clam beds had negligible effects on clams observed for 2 months. Water-soluble and oil-treated sediment fractions of Prudhoe Bay crude oil inhibited burrowing and caused clams to move to the sediment surface. Responses were directly proportional to concentrations of the WSF or amount of OTS. The 1-hr and 72-hr effective median concentrations of the WSF for the responses of burrowing by unburied clams and surfacing by buried clams "were 0.234 and 0.367 ppm naphthalene equivalents respectively. The interpolated amount of OTS needed for a 50% surfacing response within 24 hr was 0.67 g OTS cm-2. Although short-term exposures of clams to the WSF of crude oil and OTS caused few deaths, behavioral responses of clams to oil may be of great importance to their survival in the natural environment. In these laboratory tests, many of the clams recovered, but in nature clams that come to the sediment surface may be eaten by predators or die from exposure.
Adenylate Cyclase-Linked 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors in the Brain

The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors which mediate the stimulation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC; EC 4.6.1.1) activity were the subject of a recent review [De Vivo, M. and Maayani, S. (1988) in E. Sanders-Bush (ed.). The Serotonin Receptors, Humana Press, Clifton, N.J., pp. 141–179]. Highlights of the previous review are reiterated here, with a more detailed discussion of developments from the middle of 1987 through the end of 1988. Recent progress has included: 1) the discovery of additional 5-HT receptor subtypes; 2) the cloning and sequencing of one receptor subtype (5-HT1A) that is linked both positively and negatively to AC; 3) the identification of additional guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, some of which couple the 5-HT receptors to AC, and 4) attempts to determine the relationship between the mitogenic effects of 5-HT and its effects on AC activity in certain cell types. The recent suggestion that the 5-HT1A receptor and the adenosine A1 receptor may share the same effector system(s) in the same cells of the rat hippocampus was based on the similar toxin sensitivity and the non-additivity of the effects of 5-HT1A-specific ligands and adenosine analogs on AC activity and ion channel conductance in these cells. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular basis for the apparent differences in the responsiveness to 5-HT of AC in the same tissue in various physiological or pathological states or in different regions of the brain in which the receptors appear to be the same.
Engagement in Multiple Roles: An Investigation of the Student-Work Relationship

This study of 360 undergraduate business school students investigates the impact of the added role of paid worker to a student’s well-being as well as role balance, role quality and role conflict. The extension of the work-family literature provided the theoretical underpinnings of the relationship between multiple roles and student success. Tests of the hypotheses provided strong support for the depletion argument of interrole conflict. Implications of the results on student learning and education, as well as for organizations, are discussed and suggestions for future research presented.
Deep Eutectic Solvents for Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Materials that emit circularly polarized light have application in several important industries. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) with chiral components are attractive as solvents of luminescent lantha...
Banach *-algebras generated by semicircular elements induced by certain orthogonal projections

The main purpose of this paper is to study structure theorems of Banach \(*\)-algebras generated by semicircular elements. In particular, we are interested in the cases where given semicircular elements are induced by orthogonal projections in a \(C^{*}\)-probability space.
Nomadic London: Reading Wandering in Sam Selvon’s "The Lonely Londoners" and Ben Okri’s “Disparities”

This essay presents an aesthetic of mobility, or a way of reading that recognizes migrancy, wandering, and fragmented experience as fundamental narrative features of colonial and post-colonial literary contexts. Drawing on contemporary network theories and on discussions of walking as a social practice, the essay argues that Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners and Ben Okri’s “Disparities” demonstrate the creative potential of wandering as a narrative strategy of digression and layering in plot and structure, allowing for an incorporation of the views of migrants into London’s topography and its concomitant meaningfulness. The analysis identifies a narrative practice where metropolitan space is constructed by the lived, mobile experiences of colonial migrants and post-colonial immigrants, who sidestep the controlling pressures and modulating flows of local and global network systems, especially as they are exerted by urban design, social organization, and immigration policies. This reading for mobility as aesthetic practice offers a way of understanding the stories of im/migrants as composed of complex paths and unexpected intersections, rather than as confrontational or hierarchal. It provokes a need for focusing critical attention on networks as compelling structures of order and influence that, paradoxically, also offer potential for an indirect, multi-layered agency.
A Drug Preference Procedure for use with Human Volunteers

A choice procedure for measuring the reinforcing properties of drugs in humans is described. The use of humans as research subjects is contrasted to the use of laboratory animals in research with psychoactive drugs, and choice measures are contrasted to other measures of reinforcing efficacy. The procedure used in this laboratory is described in detail, and results of several recent studies are summarized. Methodological issues are also discussed.
Psychogenic antecedents and apparel customization: moderating effects of gender

The impact of gender is critical in consumer behavior; however, gender differences have been overlooked in consumer studies. The purpose of this study is to examine how behavior-inducing psychogenic needs (i.e., need for uniqueness, self-promotion, and social identity) influence the way individuals perceive apparel customization, leading to buying intention of customized apparel products. Further, to identify whether gender plays a moderating role in the relationships between those psychogenic needs and the perception of apparel customization. The conceptual model was tested by conducting an online survey of 338 samples from college students in the United States. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized for hypotheses testing. The structural multi-group model was conducted and path coefficient comparisons were made to test the moderating effects of gender. The results indicated that need for uniqueness and social identity are strong determinant factors in eliciting positive perceptions of customization, ultimately resulting in buying intention of customized apparel products; however, the effects of self-promotion was not significant. The results also illustrated that differences exist in antecedents toward customization perception between genders. Both genders are commonly motivated by need for uniqueness. However, males are more driven by social identity and need for uniqueness, whereas females are more inspired by self-promotion. The results offer managerial implications by providing retailers with consumers’ behavior toward fashion customization based on gender differences.
Does Neck Disability Index Correlate With 12-Month Satisfaction After Elective Surgery for Cervical Radiculopathy? Results From a National Spine Registry.

Background Modern healthcare reforms focus on identifying and measuring the quality and value of care. Patient satisfaction is particularly important in the management of degenerative cervical radiculopathy (DCR) since it leads to significant neck pain and disability primarily affecting the patients' quality of life. Objective To determine the association of baseline and 12-mo Neck Disability Index (NDI) with patient satisfaction after elective surgery for DCR. Methods The Quality Outcomes Database cervical module was queried for patients who underwent elective surgery for DCR. A multivariable proportional odds regression model was fitted with 12-mo satisfaction as the outcome. The covariates for this model included patients' demographics, surgical characteristics, and baseline and 12-mo patient reported outcomes (PROs). Wald-statistics were calculated to determine the relative importance of each independent variable for 12-mo patient satisfaction. Results The analysis included 2206 patients who underwent elective surgery for DCR. In multivariable analysis, after adjusting for baseline and surgery specific variables, the 12-mo NDI score showed the highest association with 12-mo satisfaction (Waldχ2-df = 99.17, 58.1% of total χ2). The level of satisfaction increases with decrease in 12-mo NDI score regardless of the baseline NDI score. Conclusion Our study identifies 12-mo NDI score as a very influential driver of 12-mo patient satisfaction after surgery for DCR. In addition, there are lesser contributions from other 12-mo PROs, baseline Numeric Rating Scale for arm pain and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade. The baseline level of disability was found to be irrelevant to patients. They seemed to only value their current level of disability, compared to baseline, in rating satisfaction with surgical outcome.
Therapeutic Advantages of Dual Targeting of PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ in an Experimental Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease.

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with progressive impairments in brain responsiveness to insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Although deficiencies in brain insulin and IGF could be ameliorated with trophic factors such as insulin, impairments in receptor expression, binding, and tyrosine kinase activation require alternative strategies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists target genes downstream of insulin/IGF stimulation. Furthermore, their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects address other pathologies contributing to neurodegeneration. Objectives The goal of this research was to examine effects of dual delivery of L165, 041 (PPAR-δ) and F-L-Leu (PPAR-γ) agonists for remediating in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Model Experiments were conducted using frontal lobe slice cultures from an intracerebral Streptozotocin (i.c. STZ) rat model of AD. Results PPAR-δ+ PPAR-γ agonist treatments increased indices of neuronal and myelin maturation, and mitochondrial proliferation and function, and decreased neuroinflammation, AβPP-Aβ, neurotoxicity, ubiquitin, and nitrosative stress, but failed to restore choline acetyl transferase expression and adversely increased HNE(lipid peroxidation) and acetylcholinesterase, which would have further increased stress and reduced cholinergic function in the STZ brain cultures. Conclusion PPAR-δ + PPAR-γ agonist treatments have substantial positive early therapeutic targeting effects on AD-associated molecular and biochemical brain pathologies. However, additional or alternative strategies may be needed to optimize disease remediation during the initial phases of treatment.
The Efficacy of the After-visit Summary in Medication Recall Among Glaucoma Patients.

PReCIS:: To assess the after-visit summary (AVS) as a tool for glaucoma medication recall. Medication recall was associated with level of education and complexity of medication regimen. Receiving an AVS was not associated with better medication recall. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients given the AVS have better or worse glaucoma medication recall. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational clinical study. Adults on ≥1 glaucoma medications examined between June 30, 2017 and August 2, 2017. DATA COLLECTION in-person questionnaire and retrospective chart review. Self-reported glaucoma medications compared with prescribed glaucoma medication regimen verified by electronic medical record. Medication recall assessed using 3-point scoring: 1 point each for; (1) name or color of bottle or cap; (2) treatment eye(s); and (3) dosing regimen. DATA ANALYSIS 2-sample Welch t test, 2-proportion z-test, analysis of variance, univariate, and multivariate regression. RESULTS A total of 118 patients enrolled: age 69.7±12.9 years (mean±SD), 55.9% of patients had received an AVS at the previous visit. Of these, 33.3% reported receiving an AVS, 51.2% reported not receiving one (15.1% did not recall or respond). Patients who had received AVSs had lower medication recall scores than those who did not (2.4±1.0 vs. 2.7±0.6, P=0.04). Receipt of an AVS was associated with having Nisha Chadha as their provider (P=0.01), fewer days since prior visit (P=0.0001), and medication regimen change at prior visit (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed completion of associate's degree or higher and fewer prescribed medications to be independent predictors of higher recall score (P=0.0002 and 0.002). CONCLUSIONS AVSs were conceived to enhance patient care. This study indicates this goal is not achieved consistently. Less education and more complex medication regimens were identified as barriers to medication recall. Additional investigations should explore if modifying this document and enhanced explanation of its use will impact medication recall and health outcomes.
The American Chemical Society Exams Institute Undergraduate Chemistry Anchoring Concepts Content Map V: Analytical Chemistry

The American Chemical Society, Division of Chemical Education, Examinations Institute has been developing content maps for the undergraduate program based on subdiscipline specifications since 2008. The Anchoring Concepts Content Maps (or ACCM) have been published in four subdisciplines (general, organic, physical, and inorganic chemistry) with the latest work presented here in a fifth subdiscipline: analytical chemistry. As with the development of the other maps, an alignment process of identifying key components of exam items including content, complexity, and other item characteristics was conducted with both analytical chemistry and instrumental analysis items. The results of the alignments as well as an evaluation of the newest ACCM in relation to the other published maps are presented.
Beyond Implementation: Sustaining Group Prenatal Care and Group Well-Child Care.

INTRODUCTION Group prenatal care and group well-child care (collectively called group care) provide health care in groups. Group care is being introduced in many settings, and the model's benefits are increasingly recognized. Yet, little attention has been paid to understanding model sustainability. This study examined barriers to sustainability and offers suggestions for sustaining group care programs. METHODS This qualitative research was guided by interpretive description. Semistructured interviews with 17 professionals were conducted in 4 sites in one community to explore barriers to sustaining group care and key ingredients for sustainability. Sites were 2 clinics that had provided group prenatal care, a clinic currently providing group prenatal care, and a clinic currently providing group well-child care. Two clinics have continued providing group care and 2 have discontinued it. Participants included midwives, physicians, nurses, and nurse practitioners. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and entered in ATLAS.ti. A priori and inductive coding schemes were developed; code content was compared across individuals, participant types, and settings. RESULTS Five themes were identified: administrative buy-in, robust recruitment, clinician and staff buy-in, owning it, and sustainability mindset. Group care needs to be sold to many different constituencies: administrators, staff and clinicians, and patients. Furthermore, sustainability requires having a conscious awareness of the importance of sustainability from the outset, taking ownership by adapting group care to needs of settings, creating venues for expressing divergent viewpoints and problem-solving, and recognizing that these processes are ongoing with change occurring incrementally. It also includes addressing the need for long-term financing. DISCUSSION Those implementing group care must be prepared to go beyond managing the logistics of introducing a complex new program; they must also be prepared to develop sustainability mindsets, sell the model to everyone on all levels within their institutions, and advocate for enhanced reimbursement for group care and value-driven payment systems.
Analysis on Slope Stability of Some Pole and Tower on ±800kV UHV Fufeng Line

The power transmission lines are distributed widely, stretching long and unbroken, and the poles and towers of power transmission lines are mostly distributed on the mountainous slope, and there is a high risk of instable failure under each kind of extreme condition, which seriously affects the normal operation of the power grid. Reasonable evaluation of the stability of the slope of the transmission line under different working conditions is a prerequisite for scientific disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, the slope of the pole and tower of the ±800kV Fufeng line is taken as the object of research. Through the site investigation and indoor and outdoor tests, the rock formation data of the slope and the physical and mechanical properties of the rock and soil are obtained. The working conditions are divided into natural conditions and storm. The ABAQUS software based on the finite element strength reduction method and the SLOPE/W module in GEO-SLOPE based on rigid body limit equilibrium method are respectively used to calculate the slope stability, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared respectively. The analysis results show that the slope of the pole and tower of the ±800kV UHV Fufeng line is in an understable state under natural working conditions, and it is unstable under the rainstorm condition, which provides a scientific basis for the evaluation of the risk of the power transmission line tower slope.
Fluid Registration Between Lung CT and Stationary Chest Tomosynthesis Images.

Registration is widely used in image-guided therapy and image-guided surgery to estimate spatial correspondences between organs of interest between planning and treatment images. However, while high-quality computed tomography (CT) images are often available at planning time, limited angle acquisitions are frequently used during treatment because of radiation concerns or imaging time constraints. This requires algorithms to register CT images based on limited angle acquisitions. We, therefore, formulate a 3D/2D registration approach which infers a 3D deformation based on measured projections and digitally reconstructed radiographs of the CT. Most 3D/2D registration approaches use simple transformation models or require complex mathematical derivations to formulate the underlying optimization problem. Instead, our approach entirely relies on differentiable operations which can be combined with modern computational toolboxes supporting automatic differentiation. This then allows for rapid prototyping, integration with deep neural networks, and to support a variety of transformation models including fluid flow models. We demonstrate our approach for the registration between CT and stationary chest tomosynthesis (sDCT) images and show how it naturally leads to an iterative image reconstruction approach.
Additive Manufacturing Drone Design Challenge

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) hosts an annual event with various design competitions called E-Fest (Engineering Festival). E-Fest is put on to challenge engineering students across the country to design, build and compete in various competitions. This year select students from UVU's mechanical engineering program have entered E-Fest's Innovative Additive Manufacturing 3D (IAM3D) event. This paper will highlight the drone design process and final drone design submitted to that event. The IAM3D event prompts students to use additive manufacturing to solve the current year's design challenge. For the 2020 E-Fest IAM3D event, participates were challenged to design an Unmanned Aerial Racing Cargo Vehicle (U.A.R.C.V) Each team's U.A.R.C.V will be designed using additive manufacturing with an emphasis on the iterative process and designing for the assembly. Each vehicle will be piloted remotely using first person visuals (FPV). Vehicles will compete in a five-team race through an obstacle course picking up and delivering one payload per lap. Designing for the UVU drone was centered around the rapid use of the 3D Printer. Team meetings were held often where the drone was designed, assembled and tested. For each meeting, new parts were designed and printed based on the work that occurred from the previous affair. The drone design changed fast as new physical prototypes were created. The testing aspect included physical evaluations of the drone as well as analysis completed virtually.
The efficacy of bevacizumab plus erlotinib (B+E) in patients (pts) with renal medullary carcinoma (RMC).

303Background: RMC is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy with a median overall survival (OS) of only 13 months from diagnosis. RMC is thought to be completely refractory to the targeted therap...
Alterations of Amphetamine Reward by Prior Nicotine and Alcohol Treatment: The Role of Age and Dopamine

Evidence suggests that nicotine and alcohol can each serve as a gateway drug. We determined whether prior nicotine and alcohol treatment would alter amphetamine reward. Also, we examined whether age and dopaminergic neurotransmission are important in this regard. Male and female adolescent and adult C57BL/6J mice were tested for baseline place preference. Mice then received six conditioning with saline/nicotine (0.25 mg/kg) twice daily, followed by six conditioning with saline/ethanol (2 g/kg). Control mice were conditioned with saline/saline throughout. Finally, mice were conditioned with amphetamine (3 mg/kg), once in the nicotine-alcohol-paired chamber, and tested for place preference 24 h later. The following day, mice were challenged with amphetamine (1 mg/kg) and tested for place preference under a drugged state. Mice were then immediately euthanized, their brain removed, and nucleus accumbens isolated and processed for the level of dopamine receptors and transporter and glutamate receptors. We observed a greater amphetamine-induced place preference in naive adolescents than adult mice with no change in state-dependent place preference between the two age groups. In contrast, amphetamine induced a significant place preference in adult but not adolescent mice with prior nicotine-alcohol exposure under the drug-free state. The preference was significantly greater in adults than adolescents under the drugged state. The enhanced response was associated with higher dopamine-transporter and D1 but reduced D2 receptors' expression in adult rather than adolescent mice, with no changes in glutamate receptors levels. These results suggest that prior nicotine and alcohol treatment differentially alters amphetamine reward in adult and adolescent mice. Alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission may be involved in this phenotype.
Representative volume elements for plasticity and creep measured from high-resolution microscale strain fields

Abstract Homogenization techniques have been widely used in upscaling microscale numerical results to predict the macroscopic response of materials. Often homogenization is based on the concept of a representative volume element (RVE) and thus, measuring the RVE size and understanding what factors influence it are key elements in successful material modeling. Here, the size of the RVE for an austenitic stainless steel alloy is experimentally determined under, both separately and combined, plasticity and creep loading conditions with varying parameters (namely stress, temperature, and creep hold time). We use a high-resolution optical digital image correlation (DIC) methodology capable of discerning residual strain inhomogeneities at the microstructural level. Furthermore, by combining the strain results from DIC with surface microstructural information from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the localized strains near grain boundaries can be isolated allowing for quantitative observations related to the deformation mechanisms responsible for strain accumulation. Finally, by comparing the results for RVE size and localized normal to shear strain ratios for different combinations of loading parameters, the relationship between grain-boundary sliding and the resulting heterogeneity of the strain field is explored. Cases where grain-boundary sliding was the dominant deformation mechanism (i.e., at elevated temperature) had considerably smaller RVE sizes (from 4 to 6 times the average grain size) when compared to samples where sliding was not as prevalent (around 10 times the average grain size).
Virtueless knowledge

This paper argues that reliabilist virtue epistemology is mistaken. Descartes supposes a supremely powerful deceiver is determined to trick him into believing falsehoods. Beliefs Descartes cannot rationally doubt, even allowing the demon’s best efforts, count as indubitable knowledge. I give an instance of indubitable knowledge and argue that it is not attributable to an epistemic competence. Since not all knowledge is virtuous, knowledge cannot be identified with virtuous true belief.
Tailored Mobile Messaging Intervention for Waterpipe Tobacco Cessation in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial.

Objectives. To test a tailored mobile health (i.e., mHealth) intervention for waterpipe tobacco cessation in young adults. Methods. From 2018 to 2020 at 2 US sites, we conducted a randomized trial ...
Cannabis and binge alcohol use among older individuals with major depressive episode.

Research shows significant associations of major depression with cannabis and binge alcohol use. However, despite increasing cannabis and binge alcohol use rates among the 50+ age group, research on this age group is scant. Methods: We used the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data (n = 44,007 age 50+) and multinomial logistic regression models to examine associations of a major depressive episode (MDE) with cannabis and binge alcohol use and co-use and associations of binge alcohol use with nonmedical and medical cannabis use. Results: Of individuals age 50+, 89.6% had no history of MDE, 5.7% had prior-to-past-year MDE, and 4.7% had past-year MDE. The rates of past-month cannabis use were 4.3%, 7.7%, and 11.6% and binge alcohol use were 17.3%, 18.7%, and 19.9% among those with no MDE history, prior-to-past-year MDE, and past-year MDE, respectively. Compared to no MDE history, prior-to-past-year MDE (RRR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.30-2.23) and past-year MDE (RRR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.27-2.55) were significantly associated with past-month cannabis use (with or without binge alcohol use). However, MDE status was not associated with past-month binge alcohol use. Among cannabis users, binge alcohol use was significantly associated with nonmedical cannabis use only (RRR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.95-3.21). Users of cannabis and/or binge alcohol also had a higher likelihood of using tobacco products and illicit drugs. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals treating individuals age 50+ with depression should screen for substance use, provide education on the potential adverse effects of polysubstance use, and help them access treatment for co-occurring depression and substance use problems.
Simple Excision of Duodenal Diverticulum

Simple excision of a duodenal diverticulum may be used for complications of a duodenal diverticulum, which is not in close proximity to the head of the pancreas or ampulla of Vater. These include bleeding, obstruction of the common bile duct, perforation, and diverticulitis. This chapter lists the indications, essential steps, variations in technique, and complications of the procedure. A detailed template operative dictation is included.
The Effect of Involvement on Ad Judgment in a Video Game Environment

ABSTRACTIn this study the relationship between involvement, presence, and ad judgment in a computer-mediated communications environment was investigated. A popular computer game was modified to incorporate advertisements within the actual game play. Results indicated that involvement affects ad judgment and that the degree of experienced presence within the environment mediated this relationship.
Protein Synthesis in Zinc Deficient Rats during Tularemia

The effect of zinc deficiency on protein synthesis in rats during tularemia was studied. Five weeks prior to infection with the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis, rats had been assigned to one of three dietary groups: zinc deficient (-Zn), pair-fed (PF) or ad libitum (AL). Within 4 weeks, zinc deficiency manifested itself by diminished growth rate, decreased serum and liver zinc concentrations and alopecia. By 18 hour post infection, rats of all groups were febrile and exhibited an increased hepatic uptake of zinc. Despite initially lower concentrations of seromucoid in the PF and -Zn groups, infection elicited an increase in seromucoid concentration as well as enhanced incorporation of 3H-leucine into this fraction of comparable degree in all dietary groups. The same held true for ceruloplasmin. Alpha 2-macrofetoprotein also increased to the same extent in all dietary groups. Infection was associated with a decrease in extractable albumin in ad libitum and pair fed control groups. Only the -Zn group showed a significant decrease in specific activity suggestive of diminished albumin synthesis. Zinc deficiency of itself did not cause a decrement in radiolabel in muscle protein. Thus, despite documented zinc deficiency, rats subjected to the stress of infection respond by synthesizing increased amounts of acute phase globulins apparently at the expense of serum albumin and muscle protein synthesis.
Toward a Globally Sensitive Definition of Inclusive Education Based in Social Justice

While many policies, pieces of legislation and educational discourse focus on the concept of inclusion, or inclusive education, the field of education as a whole lacks a clear, precise and comprehensive definition that is both globally sensitive and based in social justice. Even international efforts including the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Education for All action merely reproduce efforts in the West, especially those of the United States and the United Kingdom. The current article proposes a definition for inclusive education that is both globally sensitive and centred around social justice for individuals with exceptionalities.
An instrumented ergometer for the examination of rowing biomechanics

A description is given of an instrumentation package that has been developed to collect data for the study of rowing biomechanics. Presently, this system, interfaced with a current version of the Concept II rowing ergometer, acquires and analyzes handle and footstretcher kinetics, as well as handle, limb segment, and seat kinematics. Given these measurements, limb segment positions and joint moments of the athlete can be calculated to produce a customized, biomechanical model of the rower. The authors also present representative data and results to illustrate the application of this technology to rowing performance assessment. Examples are drawn from a variety of different performance levels, from novice to elite. >
Data, data everywhere: detecting spatial patterns in fine-scale ecological information collected across a continent

Fine-scale ecological data collected across broad regions are becoming increasingly available. Appropriate geographic analyses of these data can help identify locations of ecological concern. We present one such approach, spatial association of scalable hexagons (SASH), which identifies locations where ecological phenomena occur at greater or lower frequencies than expected by chance. This approach is based on a sampling frame optimized for spatial neighborhood analysis, adjustable to the appropriate spatial resolution, and applicable to multiple data types. We divided portions of the United States into scalable equal-area hexagonal cells and, using three types of data (field surveys, aerial surveys, satellite imagery), identified geographic clusters of forested areas having high and low values for (1) invasive plant diversity and cover, (2) mountain pine beetle-induced tree mortality, and (3) wildland forest fire occurrences. Using the SASH approach, we detected statistically significant patterns of plant invasion, bark beetle-induced tree mortality, and fire occurrence density that will be useful for understanding macroscale patterns and processes associated with each forest health threat, for assessing its ecological and economic impacts, and for identifying areas where specific management activities may be needed. The presented method is a “big data” analysis tool with potential application for macrosystems ecology studies that require rigorous testing of hypotheses within a spatial framework. This method is a standard component of annual national reports on forest health status and trends across the United States and can be applied easily to other regions and datasets.
Longitudinal changes in infant body composition: association with childhood obesity

Methods: Fifty-three term infants were evaluated at birth, three times during infancy and in mid-childhood. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between rates of total weight gain, fat mass gain and lean mass gain during infancy and later overweight/obesity (defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile), adjusted for birth weight and parent education. Results: At follow-up (age 9.0 ± 1.8 years), 30% were overweight/obese. More rapid total weight gain from 0 to 4 months was associated with twofold odds (odds ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–3.74, P = 0.04) of overweight/ obesity in mid-childhood. From 0 to 8 months, more rapid weight gain was associated with nearly fivefold odds (OR 4.76, 95% CI 1.05–21.5, P = 0.04), and more rapid fat mass gain was associated with eightfold odds (OR 8.03, 95% CI 1.11–58.2, P = 0.04) of later overweight/obesity.
Immiserizing growth in a many-commodity setting

Abstract Mathematical economists have recently shed new light on the phenomenon of immiserizing growth, independently of the trade-theoretic literature on this subject. The present paper aims to build a beidge between the two literatures. In particular, Mantel's set of sufficient conditions for non-immiserizing growth is extended to a trade-theoretic model with a smooth production frontier, and Bhagwati's trade-theoretic set of sufficient conditions to an n -commodity framework. It is shown that the condition of normality in consumption in the former substitutes for the stability condition in the latter. The concept of the semi-compensated substitutability condition plays an essential role in our analysis.
Direct real-time detection of the actin-activated power stroke within the myosin catalytic domain

We have used transient kinetics, nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and kinetics simulations to resolve a structural transition in the Dictyostelium myosin II relay helix during the actin-activated power stroke. The relay helix plays a critical role in force generation in myosin, coupling biochemical changes in the ATPase site with the force-transducing rotation of the myosin light-chain domain. Previous research in the absence of actin showed that ATP binding to myosin induces a dynamic equilibrium between a bent prepower stroke state of the relay helix and a straight postpower stroke state, which dominates in the absence of ATP or when ADP is bound. We now ask whether actin binding reverses this transition and if so, how this reversal is coordinated with actin-activated phosphate release. We labeled a Cys-lite Dictyostelium myosin II motor domain with donor and acceptor probes at two engineered Cys residues designed to detect relay helix bending. We then performed transient time-resolved FRET following stopped-flow mixing of actin with labeled myosin, preincubated with ATP. We determined the kinetics of actin-activated phosphate release, using fluorescent phosphate-binding protein. The results show that actin binding to the myosin.ADP.P complex straightens the relay helix before phosphate dissociation. This actin-activated relay helix straightening is reversible, but phosphate irreversibly dissociates from the postpower stroke state, preventing reversal of the power stroke. Thus, relay helix straightening gates phosphate dissociation, whereas phosphate dissociation provides the thermodynamic driving force underlying force production.
Effects of distraction on sexual responding in functional and dysfunctional men

The effects of a nonsexual cognitive distractor and level of film explicitness (high vs. low arousal film) on sexual responding, both objectively and subjectively measured, were examined with sexually functional (N=10) and sexually dysfunctional (N=10) men. Both groups achieved adequate and equivalent levels of penile responding under the no-distraction condition and the sexually functional subjects evidenced significantly less (clinically and statistically) responding during distraction. But, dysfunctional subjects were not affected by distraction and attained a level of penile tumescence equivalent to the no-distraction condition. A corresponding difference was not found on the continuous subjective measure of arousal, although functional subjects rated the high arousal films as more arousing than did the sexually dysfunctional subjects. The results are discussed in terms of qualitative differences between these groups regarding the cognitive processing of sexual and nonsexual stimuli.
Manual Coronary Endarterectomy with Saphenous Bypass: Experience with 263 Patients

From January, 1972, until August, 1980, 271 manual coronary endarterectomies with bypass were performed in 263 patients. All patients underwent additional cardiac procedures simultaneously. The group contained 254 distal right and 17 left endarterectomies (including 8 double endarterectomies). Clinical follow-up was 100%, operative mortality was 2.3% (6 out of 263), and the rate of perioperative infarction was 4.9% (13 out of 263). Cineangiography was performed on 72 patients between 1 and 60 months after operation (mean, 15.4 months). Patency was 85% (61 out of 72). Endarterectomy in a dominant right coronary artery could be planned electively. Left coronary endarterectomy was performed only when diffuse disease prevented standard bypass. Coronary endarterectomy may be used to extend operability with excellent clinical results, low perioperative mortality, and high late patency. Careful attention to technical aspects of core removal and myocardial protection are necessary for consistent results.
The Spiritual Formation of Walter: An Illustrated Meta-Model of Spiritual Formation Using the Film The Visitor

This article describes a meta-model of spiritual formation comprised of salient and consistent components from developmental psychology models. The model is comprised of six “spaces” and is illustrated using the film The Visitor. This article provides a brief overview of spirituality and differentiates it from religion. The meta-model presented here is intended to be used by pastoral counselors and spiritual directors as a heuristic framework for understanding and facilitating an individual’s spiritual formation.
The costal skeleton of Shanidar 3 and a reappraisal of Neandertal thoracic morphology.

For over a century, Neandertal rib remains have engendered frequent discussions of “barrel-shaped” thoraces, largely in the absence of systematic comparison and hard data. We present here a description of the relatively complete ribcage of the Near Eastern Shanidar 3 Neandertal. We also furnish metric and non-metric comparisons of the Shanidar 3 ribs with other Near Eastern and European Neandertals, the Nariokotome (Homo erectus/ergaster) specimen, Levantine archaic/early modern humans, early and later European modern humans, and a sample of recent Euroamerican males. It is clear from these comparisons that Neandertals share with modern humans the fundamentally human thoracic “bauplan” that first evolved in the early Pleistocene. Yet it is also apparent that the ribcage of Neandertals differ in several anatomical details from those of fully modern humans. Rib curvature, posterior angle, mid-shaft cross-sectional size and shape, and muscle scarring varies considerably among Neandertals and across all samples when considered in isolated ribs. However, normalized metric and discrete patterning across the greater thorax clearly distinguishes Neandertals from our comparative samples. This is most marked in the inferior thorax where Neandertals (and probably earlier Homo) exhibit larger, more rounded and rugose ribs, and a greater costal area (thoracic volume). Greater lower rib cross-sectional robusticity and muscle scarring indicates relatively elevated ventilatory levels. Greater thoracic volume in Neandertals probably reflects greater body mass compared with modern humans since lung volume scales isometrically to body mass among mammals. Neandertal and modern human pulmonary capacity, normalized for body mass differences, was therefore roughly equivalent in the context of detailed differences in thoracic shape. To the extent that cold-climate adaptation is involved, Near Eastern Neandertals appear less “hyper-polar” in thoracic shape than their European counterparts as is also true for several other body proportion measures that are clinally distributed across the known Neandertal range.
On the velocity field associated with potential vorticity

Abstract In order to extend to the small but finite Froude number case the wave/horizontal-vortex decomposition derived by Riley et al. and Lilly, we propose two sets of equations that define diagnostically the non-propagating and propagating parts of the motion; the former part is characterized by its containing all of the potential vorticity of the flow. When expressed in an isopycnal coordinate frame, this decomposition is shown to exactly generalize the wave/horizontal-vortex decomposition. We then introduce a numerical algorithm that solves in cartesian coordinates the two sets of equations. Finally, the decomposition is extended to flows with mean velocity shear and applied to the later stage of decay of a stably stratified mixing layer.
Integrated morphogen signal inputs in γδ versus αβ T-cell differentiation

Morphogens, a class of secreted proteins that regulate gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner, are responsible for directing nearly all lineage fate choices during embryogenesis. In the thymus, morphogen signal pathways consisting of WNT, Hedgehog, and the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily are active and have been implicated in various developmental processes including proliferation, survival, and differentiation of maturing thymocytes. Intriguingly, it has been inferred that some of these morphogen signal pathways differentially affect gammadelta and alphabeta T-cell development or maintenance, but their role in T-cell lineage commitment has not been directly probed. We have recently identified a modulator of morphogen signaling that significantly influences binary gammadelta versus alphabeta T-cell lineage diversification. In this review, we summarize functions of morphogens in the thymus and provide a highly speculative model of integrated morphogen signals, potentially directing the gammadelta versus alphabeta T-cell fate determination process.
Cyclic AMP derivatives injected into the inferior colliculus induce audiogenic seizure-like phenomena in normal rats.

Abstract Microinjection of 10 μg of either dibutyryl cyclic AMP or 8-bromo-cyclic AMP into the inferior colliculus of normal rats induced audiogenic seizure-like phenomena, which were intensified by sound stimulation. Microinjection of either cyclic AMP derivatives into areas surrounding the inferior colliculus or in the substantia nigra-region did not induce any such effects. These data suggest that there may be a close relationship between audiogenic seizures and cyclic AMP metabolism of the inferior colliculus.
Parametric studies of the wing flutter behavior of a STOL transport.

A computer study was conducted to evaluate the effects of variations in the principal structural parameters on the wing flutter behavior of a four-engine STOL transport configuration having relatively low inplane wing stiffness and heavy engines. The wing structure was represented by a finite-element model which included the coupling between inplane and out-of-plane motion of the wing induced by the offset engine masses. The parameters which were varied were engine mass, pylon stiffness, and the inplane stiffness of the wing. It was found that the value of inplane stiffness for best flutter performance lies substantially below the range encountered in conventional designs. For engine weights in the medium-to-heavy range, the best inplane stiffness provided a dramatic improvement in flutter performance over that for infinite inplane stiffness, while for the lightest engines the improvement was moderate.
Scabies in a solitary location.

Abstract A young college football player was found to have scabies in the right axillary area and no other place. Epidemiologic investigation uncovered the source of his infection. The case report emphasizes the need for epidemiologic investigation on all patients with scabies.
Orthologs of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from parasitic nematodes

Chronic helminth infections are associated with modulation of host cellular immune responses, presumably to prolong parasite survival within the mammalian host. This phenomenon is attributed, at least in part, to the elaboration of parasite molecules, including orthologs of host cytokines and receptors, at the host–parasite interface. This review describes recent progress in the characterization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) orthologs from parasitic nematodes. The roles of these molecules in parasite developmental biology and pathogenesis are discussed. Further knowledge of the species-specific activities and three-dimensional structures of human and parasitic nematode MIF molecules should make them ideal targets for drug- and/or vaccine-based strategies aimed at nematode disease control.