cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bone Glue Modified Fuel Resistant Asphalt Binder

Fuel resistant asphalt (FRA) is the binder that can delay hydrocarbon fuel damage by resisting the cut-back properties of hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, etc. The high solubility of asphalt binder in hydrocarbon fuels results in pavement damage that is due to fuel/oil spills at airports, parking lots, drive ways, and roads. FRA can effectively be used to minimize the damage caused by hydrocarbon fuels and improve overall performance of the pavement structure. The additives/composition used in the past to develop FRA were not fully disclosed by the inventors. This research study focused on developing FRA for commercial use using a biopolymer as an additive. Fuel resistance testing, along with mechanical performance testing, was used to evaluate the fuel resistance capabilities and performance of modified binder. Furthermore, a conventional styrene butadiene styrene modified binder was used to compare the fuel damage resistance capabilities and performance characteristics of bio versus synthetic polymer-modified binders. The biopolymer not only significantly enhanced the fuel damage resistance of the neat binder but also improved mechanical properties of the neat binder. Biopolymer-modified asphalt binder showed improvement in rut resistance, elastic response, and performance grade at intermediate and high temperatures.
Ultrathin Graphene-Like Carbon-Coated Iron Oxide Nanocrystals for Applications in Corrosive Environments

Here we report a solution-phase strategy for depositing ultrathin graphene-like carbon onto iron oxide nanocrystals (NCs) for corrosion resistance in magnetic and electrocatalytic applications. The...
Readmission Rates and Outcomes at 90 Days in Patients with Perioperative Use of Temporary Circulatory Support at the Time of Heart Transplantation

Purpose Temporary circulatory support (TCS) devices are an important tool for the treatment of cardiogenic shock and/or end-stage HF patients. With its increased use as bridge to heart transplant (HT) or for early support in graft failure, we sought to evaluate readmission rates and outcomes derived after the index admission of HT. Methods Using the national readmission database (NRD), a resource of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases, we examined discharge data from 2010 until 2014 and identified all patients age 18 years and older who underwent heart transplant with or without preopTCS. The primary outcome was 90-day readmission. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare in-hospital outcomes between groups. Results We identified 7,015 patients discharged after HT of which 11.1% (778) received perioperative TCS support; Baseline characteristics during index admission are shown in table 1. Overall, there was a non-significant trend towards lower readmission for those with TCS compared to the non-TCS cohort (6.9% vs. 14.4% p= 0.069 for 30-day and 22.7%vs 30.1% p=0.077for 90-day readmissions). There were no differences in readmission mortality (1.1% vs. 1% p=0.95), cost ($22,659 vs $20,060 p=0.056), length of stay (7.2 days SD 11.2 vs 5.5 days SD 5.9 p=0.098), stroke (1.2% vs. 1.3% p=0.96) or major bleeding (1.3% vs. 1.1% p=0.83). Readmissions for cardiac related complications were 0% in the TCS group and 5% in those without MCS. Patients supported with ECMO during index admission had higher mortality during readmission compared to other MCS (7.2% vs. 0.9% p=0.020). Conclusion Patients supported with ECMO prior to HT had high long-term mortality. Otherwise, TCS appears to be a safe option in patients requiring support prior to HT without increased risks of readmission, stroke or 90-day mortality.
Yttrium 90 Plus High Dose BEAM Conditioning with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT); Effects of Prior Rituximab and Outcome of Poor Risk Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL).

Abstract 2323 Poster Board II-300 Introduction: High dose chemotherapy with ASCT can increase overall survival (OS) in patients with poor risk or relapsed Non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Novel conditioning regimens combining radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with high dose chemotherapy have demonstrated favorable toxicity profiles and potentially improved response rates. Herein we report on 84 patients who underwent conditioning with Y 90 Ibritumomab plus high dose BEAM (BCNU VP16 AraC Melphalan) and the effects of pretreatment rituximab levels on relapse. On day-23 and day-16 of conditioning pts had a blood draw for rituximab levels. If levels were &10ug/ml, pts received rituximab 250mg/m2. This was followed by pretherapy imaging with Indium 111 on day -21 and Y 90 treatment on day -14. High dose BEAM chemotherapy started on day-7and all pts received rituximab 250mg/m2 at day+8. Results: The median age at ASCT was 58.5 years (range 19-78). Histologies included DLC n=36, Mantle Cell n=27, Follicular n=11, Transformed NHL n=10. Disease status at ASCT was 1 st or 2 nd CR n=35, 1stPR n=13, 1 st or 2 nd rel n=18, induction failure (IF) n=18. Median length of f/u for living pts was 34 months. All patients engrafted at a median of 11 days (anc>500) Transplant related mortality was 2.3 %. Two year OS/PFS for the entire cohort was 85.62% (77-91) and 66% (58-73). There was no significant difference in either DFS or OS based on histology (figure 1)Rituximab levels were available in a subset of 18 pts. and of note there was a trend towards higher relapse rates in patients with higher day-23 rituximab levels (35% vs. 0) (see figure 2). Conclusions. Y 90 BEAM conditioning is well tolerated. Short term outcome is similar among different histologic types of NHL. The true effects of rituximab levels may not yet be fully appreciated due to small patient numbers. However, the trend towards higher relapse rates in the cohort with high circulating pre RIT rituximab levels suggests that titration of rituximab dosing pre RIT may be another strategy in which to improve transplant outcomes by optimizing targeting of the RIT. Disclosures: Off Label Use: yttrium 90 in combination with high dose BEAM chemotherapy.
Analyzing a memoir of disability: Utilizing a group writing assignment to increase applicability and comprehension of course material

"Analyzing a Memoir of Disability" is a semester-long project that promotes learning about disability and culture through group reading and writing about a single memoir. Students in an Introduction to Rehabilitation and Human Services course completed a textual analysis by using a memoir and course textbook to contextualize one another. Writing was framed as a collaborative, multi-step process that cycles through writing, discussing, and writing again. Students were required to regularly integrate course concepts with their assigned memoir readings to prepare for their in-class book club meetings. The project culminated in a formal group paper of 5-7 pages. Despite some logistical challenges, the project was well received, highlighted by many students as their favorite part of the course, and appeared to ignite a passion for reading, writing, and the material under study in many students.
Who Owns the Lunger Building? Disease, Property, and the Limits of Accountability in Tenement Reform in St. Louis, 1832-1917

This article traces the rise and fall of an urban land tenure system in an industrializing American city, St. Louis, alongside efforts to regulate it in the name of health. Historians of tenement r...
Use of and perceptions about electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among people with mental health conditions or serious psychological distress, 2018.

Abstract Background People with mental health conditions (MHC) experience health disparities related to combustible tobacco use, and recent studies suggest disproportionately high use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, e.g., e-cigarettes) among adults with MHC. Continued surveillance of ENDS use by MHC status is needed, as well as in-depth examinations of why adults with versus without MHC are using ENDS. Methods Using 2018 U.S. nationally representative data (N = 5878), this study examined associations between MHC and serious psychological distress (SPD) with ENDS use. Among current ENDS users (n = 544), associations between MHC and SPD with perceived benefits and reasons for using ENDS were also investigated. Results Both MHC and SPD were associated with higher likelihood of having ever used ENDS, currently using ENDS, and currently using ENDS daily. There was an interaction between SPD and smoking status in predicting current ENDS use such that the association between SPD and higher current ENDS use was stronger among never smokers. Compared to those without MHC, participants with MHC indicated that using ENDS helped them feel more relaxed and that stress management was a more important reason for ENDS use. Conclusions U.S. adults with MHC (and particularly never smokers with SPD) report disproportionately high use of ENDS. Individuals with MHC may be particularly likely to use ENDS for relaxation and stress management.
Phenotypically supervised single-cell sequencing parses within-cell-type heterogeneity

To better understand cellular communication driving diverse behaviors, we need to uncover the molecular mechanisms of within-cell-type functional heterogeneity. While single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has advanced our understanding of cell heterogeneity, linking individual cell phenotypes to transcriptomic data remains challenging. Here, we used a phenotypic cell sorting technique to ask whether phenotypically supervised scRNAseq analysis (pheno-scRNAseq) can provide more insight into heterogeneous cell behaviors than unsupervised scRNAseq. Using a simple 3D in vitro breast cancer (BRCA) model, we conducted pheno-scRNAseq on invasive and non-invasive cells and compared the results to phenotype-agnostic scRNAseq analysis. Pheno-scRNAseq identified unique and more selective differentially expressed genes than unsupervised scRNAseq analysis. Functional studies validated the utility of pheno-scRNAseq in understanding within-cell-type functional heterogeneity and revealed that migration phenotypes were coordinated with specific metabolic, proliferation, stress, and immune phenotypes. This approach lends new insight into the molecular systems underlying BRCA cell phenotypic heterogeneity.
Dysfunctional sleep insufficiency and reduced P3 attentional response to positive social information

One must process others’ facial affect proficiently to facilitate social functioning, and both social functioning and processing of facial affect can be impaired in sleep-deficient states. Based on mood-salience, decreased positive affect and increased negative affect experienced from sleep deficits or from depression might differentially modulate attentional responses to others’ positive and negative facial expressions. The present study examined this possibility by assessing college students’ subjective sleep–wake experience and their P3 event-related potentials responses, which indicate attention allocation. Fifty-five participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), assessments of current and past depressive symptoms, and a modified oddball task including affective facial expression stimuli. Factor analysis was conducted on PSQI data, and structural equation models were estimated to examine associations between PSQI latent factors and oddball P3 amplitude, controlling for current and past depressive symptomatology. Results indicated that one of the two identified PSQI factors (dysfunctional sleep insufficiency) was negatively associated with P3 amplitude in response to happy facial stimuli, while PSQI factor associations with sad and neutral stimuli were non-significant. Findings suggest that particular self-reported sleep–wake problems (dynamic interplay of sleep duration, sleep quality, and psychosocial functioning) can be related to decreased elaborated attention towards others’ positive facial expressions, potentially a marker of decreased inclination towards social rewards. This pattern may be particularly relevant in college, a context that can present important social opportunities and reinforce problematic sleep habits. Future longitudinal research that includes assessments of social functioning and diverse samples would be beneficial.
Active Alignment Control-based LED Communication for Underwater Robots

Achieving and maintaining line-of-sight (LOS) is challenging for underwater optical communication systems, especially when the underlying platforms are mobile. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an active alignment controlbased LED-communication system that uses the DC value of the communication signal as feedback for LOS maintenance. Utilizing the uni-modal nature of the dependence of the light signal strength on local angles, we propose a novel triangular exploration algorithm, that does not require the knowledge of the underlying light intensity model, to maximize the signal strength that leads to achieving and maintaining LOS. The method maintains an equilateral triangle shape in the angle space for any three consecutive exploration points, while ensuring the consistency of exploration direction with the local gradient of signal strength. The effectiveness of the approach is first evaluated in simulation by comparison with extremum-seeking control, where the proposed approach shows a significant advantage in the convergence speed. The efficacy is further demonstrated experimentally, where an underwater robot is controlled by a joystick via LED communication.
Wide-band self-collimation in a low-refractive-index hexagonal lattice

Wide-angle, broadband self-collimation (SC) is demonstrated in a hexagonal photonic crystal (PhC) fabricated in a low-refractive-index photopolymer by multiphoton lithography. The PhC can be described as a hexagonal array of cylindrical air holes in a block of dielectric material having a low-refractive index. Optical characterization shows that the device strongly self-collimates light at near-infrared wavelengths that span 1360 to 1610 nm. SC forces light to flow along the extrusion direction of the lattice without diffractive spreading, even when light couples into the device at high oblique angles. Numerical simulations corroborate the experimental findings.
Regional Planning and Local Governance: The Portland Story

The Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region has acquired an international reputation for regional planning and governance. Planners, designers, and civic leaders from around the world have visited the Portland region as a means for gathering information about what it means to plan and govern at a metropolitan scale. Why this interest in regional planning and governance? Why Portland?
CEOs vs. Directors: Who Calls the Shots When Firms Underperform?

We study the evolution of the board among firms experiencing a sudden negative performance shock and highlight the influence of the CEO in determining the changes. Over 40% of the original directors depart the board and boards become more independent in the three years following underperformance. The proportion of directors who work as consultants and of directors who are executives in other firms increases, while the proportion of directors in the financial industry, directors who hold multiple board seats, and directors representing large shareholders decreases. Influential CEOs are associated with smaller increases in board independence and less director turnover than less influential CEOs. Changes in the percentage of directors who are executives in other firms and directors who represent large shareholders are also negatively related to CEO influence. Together, these results show that influential CEOs continue to maintain their influence over the board following underperformance while less influential CEOs lose even more of their original influence. CEO influence and board changes are not related to subsequent changes in firm performance and the likelihood that firms will experience a financial restructuring event. We conclude that firms adjust their boards based on their own specific managerial and firm requirements.
Herbert McLean Evans

1882–1971 American anatomist and biologist whose scientific achievements included, the discovery of Evans blue dye (widely used for estimating mammalian and human blood volume), biological analysis of the oestrus cycle in the rat, the isolation and analysis of the hormones of the anterior pituitary, and the discovery and initial characterization of vitamin E. Keywords: anatomist; biologist
Patterns of Human Genetic Variation Inferred from Comparative Analysis of Allelic Mutations in Blood Group Antigen Genes

Comparative analysis of allelic variation of a gene sheds light on the pattern and process of its diversification at the population level. Gene families for which a large number of allelic forms have been verified by sequencing provide a useful resource for such studies. In this regard, human blood group-encoding genes are unique in that differences of cell surface traits among individuals and populations can be readily detected by serological screening, and correlation between the variant cell surface phenotype and the genotype is, in most cases, unequivocal. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of allelic forms, compiled in the Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation database, of ABO, RHD/CE, GYPA/B/E and FUT1/2 gene families that encode the ABO, RH, MNS, and H/h blood group system antigens, respectively. These genes are excellent illustrative examples showing distinct mutational patterns among the alleles, and leading to speculation on how their origin may have been driven by recurrent but different molecular mechanisms. We illustrate how alignment of alleles of a gene may provide an additional insight into the DNA variation process and its pathways, and how this approach may serve to catalog alleles of a gene, simplifying the task and content of mutation databases.
From Impurity to Piety: Mid 17th-Century French Devotional Airs and the Spiritual Conversion of Women

ABSTRACT With his three books of airs de deevotion (1656, 1658, 1662), Father Franccois Berthod offered singers the best of two worlds: newly-written sacred texts set to preexisting love songs by prominent French composers. In his dedications, he indicates that his parodies were written for women, enabling them to sing passionate melodies while maintaining their ““modesty, piety, and virtue.”” Inspired by the adopted musical settings, Berthod retained the provocative language of the original texts but directed expressions of concupiscent love toward Jesus in lieu of mortal man. Drawing on church documents, devotional treatises, and introductions to sources of sacred music, it can be shown how Berthod9s devotional airs——a repertory virtually ignored by scholars——were part of a Catholic campaign to convert female aristocrats from a life of frivolity and immorality to one of religious devotion. This study examines Berthod9s choice of airs, his organization of topics, and his parodic procedures as representations of religious ““conversions.”” Also addressed is the debate surrounding his textual transformations, for some questioned whether women could enter into the spirit of the devotional text without thinking about its ““sinful”” version. The airs, in fact, embody a central, yet controversial, interpretation of post-Tridentine doctrine: In order to know what is good one must know what is not. Ultimately this study reveals that Church leaders believed that by singing airs de deevotion , a woman, even if married with children, would transcend worldly desire, fantasize amorous conversations with Jesus, and express her love for him ““as her true husband.””
Martha Stewart behaving Badly: Parody and the symbolic meaning of style1

This study addresses the issue of how to correlate social meaning with linguistic style through an investigation of the parodic speech genre. The analysis examines two parodies of lifestyle entrepreneur Martha Stewart and compares linguistic strategies used in parodies of Stewart to her own linguistic performance on her talk show. Features considered include phonological characteristics, lexical items, politeness strategies, and voice quality. A comparative quantitative analysis of aspirated and released /t/ as employed by Stewart and her parodist reveals that a variable feature of Stewart's style is rendered categorical in the parody. It is demonstrated that both parodies exploit elements associated with Stewart's ‘Good Woman’ image in order to expose Stewart as a ‘Bad Woman’, a reputation she earned for her 2003 insider trading conviction. This study suggests that parodic performance may serve to strengthen and even iconize indexical connections between stylistic variants and their social meaning in particular contexts.
An integrative empirical approach to the predictors of self‐directed career management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effects of subjective career success, organizational learning climate, and the calling work orientation on the protean career.Design/methodology/approach – For this study employees of a Korean financial service company are encouraged to answer a web survey. To examine the hypotheses, structural equation modeling is used.Findings – The results provide evidence of potential predictors of the protean career based on the empirical approach. Also, this study shows an integrative model for predictors of the protean career with the structural equation modeling method. All independent variables – subjective career success, the calling work orientation, and organizational learning climate – have a significant relationship with the protean career. Among the independent variables, the calling orientation has the strongest effect on the protean career.Research limitation/implication – The generalization of the results may be limited to the research...
The Influence of Preoperative Sympathetic Block or Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Analgesic Use of Pain Scores After Upper Extremity Surgery:: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of sympathetic block and regional anesthetic block on postoperative pain and analgesic use in patients undergoing upper extremity surgery. Methods: In one trial, 34 subjects were randomly allocated to double blindedly receive an active [N = 19] or sham [N = 15] stellate ganglion block on the surgical side after induction of general anesthesia. Analgesic use was compared during the first 3 postoperative days. In another trial, 26 subjects received either general anesthesia [N = 14] or regional anesthesia [N = 12] by random assignment. Analgesic use and pain scores were compared for the first 3 postoperative days and at postoperative weeks 2 and 4. Results: The groups to be compared in each trial were similar with regard to age, gender, duration of intraoperative tourniquet inflation, and type of surgery performed. Subjects receiving regional anesthesia tended to use less postoperative analgesics during the first two postoperative days [P =. 08] than patients who...
The vascular portion of the cardinal ligament: surgical significance during radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.

Objective The objective of the study was to analyze the histopathologic content of the vascular portion of the cardinal ligament in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Study Design The vascular portion of the cardinal ligament was completely removed during radical hysterectomy. The maximum cervical diameter and length of the vascular ligament were measured on the fresh specimen. After inking, the pathologist separated and embedded the entire vascular segment from each side. Microscopic examination followed. Results Eighty-four patients were available for analysis. The mean cervical diameter was 3.9 cm (2-8), whereas the mean vascular segment length on the right and left sides were 4 cm (1-10) and 3.8 cm (1-7), respectively. Mean number of vascular segment lymph nodes were as follows: medial right = 0.7 (0-4), medial left = 0.6 (0-5), lateral right = 0.4 (0-3), and lateral left = 0.6 (0-6). Mean diameter of medial and lateral lymph nodes were 2 mm (0.25-8) and 3.3 mm (0.25-16), respectively. The length of the vascular segment correlated inversely with maximum cervical diameter. Thirty-one percent (26 of 84) had positive pelvic side wall lymph nodes. Fourteen patients had positive vascular segment lymph nodes (1 positive = 7, more than 1 positive = 7). Three of 7 patients had bilateral positive vascular segment lymph nodes; all 7 had microscopic disease in the paravaginal soft tissue, and all 7 had positive pelvic side wall lymph nodes (6 of 7 bilateral). Including the 14 patients, a total of 19 had nodal or nonnodal microscopic disease in the vascular segment. Of these, 7 had disease in the lateral half of the vascular ligament. Histologic sectioning revealed nerve twigs and/or scattered ganglia in the vascular segment but no large nerve trunks. Conclusion Among a population of women with high-risk, early-stage cervical cancer, the lateral vascular segment of the cardinal ligament contained metastatic disease in a substantial number of patients. This segment contains no major nerve trunks. When radical hysterectomy is chosen as primary treatment for such patients, the vascular segment of the cardinal ligament should be completely excised.
Contrasting Perspectives on Strategic Leaders: Toward a More Realistic View of Top Managers

Previous empirical studies of top managers tend to draw from either positive agency theory or strategic leadership theory. This manuscript reviews and critiques these two approaches, outlining their advantages and inherent limitations. Because each is inherently limited, we suggest that developments in personality theory, transformational leadership theory, and visionary leadership theory can contribute to a more realistic view of top managers. Consequently, we contrast these three alternative perspectives with the two more dominant approaches in this manuscript. As a result, we identify future research directions for scholars interested in studying strategic leadership.
Optimum design of the heat-transfer coefficient during gas quenching using the response surface method

The heat-transfer coefficient during gas quenching is optimized to obtain minimum distortion with stress and hardness distribution requirements satisfied. During the gas-quenching process, the heat-transfer coefficient has a significant influence on the properties of the final product, such as the hardness, strength, residual stress and distortion. Significant distortions after quenching will increase the cost due to post-manufacturing processes such as grinding and hot straightening. Therefore, minimizing the distortion will benefit in most gas-quenching cases. A step function is used to represent the heat-transfer coefficient in terms of the quenching time. Five coefficients of the step function are used as the design variables to minimize the distortion. Two design constraints are used to satisfy the maximum principal stress and the average surface hardness requirements of the final product. The finite element package DEFORM is used to predict the material responses during the quenching process. Phase transformations, deformation and heat transfer are integrated during the simulation process. The response surface method is used to obtain the analytical models of the objective function and constraints in terms of the design variables. Once the closed-form equations of the objective and constraints are obtained, a design optimization tool is used to search the optimum design point. This paper summarizes the methodology that is used to optimize a plane strain example.
Resveratrol supplementation abrogates pro-arteriogenic effects of intramyocardial vascular endothelial growth factor in a hypercholesterolemic swine model of chronic ischemia

Background Clinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been disappointing, owing likely to endothelial dysfunction. We used a swine model of chronic ischemia and endothelial dysfunction to determine whether resveratrol coadministration would improve the angiogenic response to VEGF therapy. Methods Yorkshire swine fed a high-cholesterol diet underwent left circumflex ameroid constrictor placement, and were given either no drug (high cholesterol control [HCC], n = 8), perivascular VEGF (2 μg sustained release [high cholesterol VEGF-treated; HCV], n = 8), or VEGF plus oral resveratrol (10 mg/kg, [high cholesterol VEGF- and resveratrol-treated; HCVR], n = 8). After 7 weeks, myocardial contractility, perfusion, and microvessel reactivity in the ischemic territory were assessed. Tissue was analyzed for vessel density, oxidative stress, and protein expression. Results Myocardial perfusion was significantly improved in the HCV group compared with the HCC group; resveratrol coadministration abrogated this improvement. There were no differences in regional myocardial contractility between groups. Endothelium-dependent microvessel relaxation was improved in the HCVR group, and endothelium-independent relaxation response was similar between groups. Arteriolar density was greatest in the HCV group, whereas capillary density was similar between groups. Expression of Akt and phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase were increased in the HCVR group. Total protein oxidative stress and myeloperoxidase expression were reduced in the HCVR group, but so was the oxidative-stress dependent phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and β-catenin. Conclusion Although resveratrol coadministration decreases oxidative stress and improves endothelial function, it abolishes improvements in myocardial perfusion and arteriolar density afforded by VEGF treatment alone. This effect is due likely to inhibition of the oxidative stress-dependent phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, an essential step in the initiation of arteriogenesis.
Development of chiral HPLC for selenoamino acids with ICP-MS detection:application to selenium nutritional supplements.

The enantiomeric separation of three underivatized selenoamino acids, D,L-selenocystine, D,L-selenomethionine and D,L-selenoethionine, with UV and ICP-MS detection is described. An HPLC column with a chiral crown ether stationary phase and a mobile phase of 0.10 M HClO4 was used. Absolute detection limits obtained with UV detection ranged from 34.5 to 47.1 ng whereas those obtained with the plasma detector were ca. 40–400 times better. The separations with either detector were good, with little detector effect on the resolution. Ten commercially available dietary selenium supplements were analyzed using the chiral column to identify and quantify the selenium species present with both detection modes. Selenium species were easily identified using ICP-MS detection, whereas UV detection was not viable because of interferences from the sample matrix and inadequate sensitivity. Selenium species that were unretained using the chiral column were identified using anion exchange chromatography. Total amounts of selenium in the samples were also measured using a conventional digestion and an enzymatic digestion with ICP-MS detection.
Electrophoretic Analysis of the Serum Proteins of Neurological Mutations in Mice

The serum proteins of three neurological mutations, tremulous, quivering, and waddler, were studied. The albumin level rose while the globulin level, especially the level of alpha fraction, fell in tremulous mice, but the trend was reversed in quivering mice. In waddler mice the changes were observed only in females.
A computational study of local quenching in flame-vortex interactions with radiative losses

A computational study of local quenching in flame-vortex interactions in lean methane-air mixtures is reported in this paper. The flame-vortex interaction provides a means to isolate a key feature of turbulent flames and can be used to develop models for turbulent combustion. Our study examines the importance of both vortex strength and heat losses in local quenching of flames interacting with a vortex ring. The detailed, time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical model of methane-air combustion used in our study includes a detailed chemical reaction set as well as a realistic model for radiative heat losses from the burnt gases. We find that both a sufficiently high strain rate and heat losses are simultaneously required for local quenching. Increasing strain rate and/or heat losses promote quenching. However, quenching does not occur instantaneously, and for even the strongest vortices, there is a minimum time required for quenching.
Correlations of exergy destruction during combustion for internal combustion engines

The greatest destruction of exergy for internal combustion engines is a result of the combustion process. The fundamental sub–processes which contribute to the combustion irreversibility include mixing, heat transfer and chemical reactions. This work used an engine cycle simulation to provide quantitative connections between the exergy destruction, and eight engine operating and design parameters. For the conditions examined, the exergy destruction during combustion ranged between 20% and 26% of the fuel exergy. For six engine parameters, a correlation with a high coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.99) is obtained between the exergy destruction during combustion and the average ratio of specific heats during combustion. This correlation includes the gas temperature dependence since the ratio of specific heats is proportional to temperature.
“Sleep” and “Hypnosis”: A reappraisal

(1956). “Sleep” and “Hypnosis”: A reappraisal. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 141-159.
Pharmacodynamic model for chemotherapy-induced anemia in rats

Anticancer agents often cause bone marrow toxicity resulting in progressive anemia which may influence the therapeutic effects of erythropoietic-stimulating agents. The objective of this study was to develop a pharmacodynamic (PD) model to describe chemotherapy-induced anemia in rats. Anemia was induced in male Wistar rats with a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of 60 mg/kg carboplatin. Hematological responses including reticulocytes, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, and endogenous rat erythropoietin (EPO) were measured for up to 4 weeks. A catenary, lifespan-based, indirect response model served as a basic PD model to represent erythroid cellular populations in the bone marrow and blood involved in erythropoiesis. The model assumed that actively proliferating progenitor cells in the bone marrow are sensitive to anti-cancer agents and subject to an irreversible removal process. The removal rate of the target cells is proportional to drug activity concentrations and the cell numbers. An additional RBC loss from the circulation resulting from thrombocytopenia was described by a first-order process. The turnover process of rat EPO and EPO-mediated feedback inhibition mechanism regulated by hemoglobin changes were incorporated. Reticulocyte counts decreased rapidly and reached a nadir by day 3 after administration of carboplatin and returned to the baseline by day 13. This was followed by a gradual increase and the rebound peak occurred at about day 15. The hemoglobin nadir was approximately 9 g/dl observed at about 11–13 days compared to its normal value of 13 g/dl and hemoglobin returned to the baseline by day 30. The increase in endogenous rat EPO mirrored inversely hemoglobin changes and the maximum increase was observed soon after the hemoglobin nadir. The carboplatin-treated rats exhibited progressive anemia. The proposed model adequately described the time course of hematological changes after carboplatin in rats and can be a useful tool to explore potential strategies for the management of anemia caused by chemotherapy.
The Rev. Thomas Bradbury Chandler in the Light of his (Unpublished) Diary, 1775–85

No ecclesiastical body in this country suffered as much from the Revolution as did the Anglican Church. The process of recovery was so slow that it was scarcely consummated a century after. In the light of the peculiar importance, attaching to the epoch 1775–1785, the Diary of one of the most eminent Anglican clergy of Colonial days may not be without interest It is a small, thick volume bound in contemporary leather, in the author's own clear and tidy hand, with the fly-leaves covered with financial items —a kind of book-keeping appendix to the Diary proper. 1 The Diary is entitled “Memorandums of T. B. Chandler.”
The attack mechanism of an exo-1,3-β-glucosidase from Basidiomycete sp. qm 806

Abstract The attack mechanism of a purified exo-1,3-β-glucosidase (1,3-β- d -glucan glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.58) was investigated by using as a substrate a mixture of two structurally characterized periodate-oxidized and reduced unbranched 1,3-β-glucans which differed only at the reducing terminal. The substrates, derivatives of laminarin, were altered only at the terminals due to resistance of the internal (1 → 3)-linked glucosyl residues to periodate oxidation. Each glucan has only a single and identical altered non-reducing terminal per molecule. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, one molar equivalent of glycerol was produced from the altered non-reducing terminal of each substrate molecule attacked. Using glycerol as an indication of the number of chains acted upon, the quantity of d -glucose produced from the internal residues was used to determine the extent to which a chain was initially attacked. The glucose to glycerol ratio during the course of the hydrolysis indicates that the enzyme proceeds by a multiple-attack mechanism where four glucosyl residues are successively removed per encounter from the non-reducing terminal of each substrate molecule.
Jet printing flexible displays

Jet printing is an interesting patterning technique for electronic devices because it requires no physical mask, has digital control of ejection, and provides good layer-to-layer registration. It also has the potential to reduce display manufacturing costs and enable roll-to-roll processing. The technique is illustrated with examples of prototype printed displays using amorphous silicon and polymer semiconductors.
Surface chemistry effects on the processing and superplastic properties of nanocrystalline oxide ceramics

Abstract The unusual bulk behavior of nanoparticle and nanograined systems often originates in surface chemistry effects. Three examples are used to illustrate this point. In the first, newly precipitated nanocrystalline titania is washed with ethanol, and the mixture of these two supposedly inert substances causes the titania to lose its anatase crystal structure and become amorphous. This phenomenon is attributed to a reverse hydrolysis reaction at the particle surface. In the second example, nanocrystalline ZrO 2 -3mol%Y 2 O 3 is observed to partially dissolve on exposure to pH-adjusted water, due to the formation of soluble hydroxides at the particle surface. A major consequence of the dissolution is the formation of large, hard, multiparticle agglomerates on subsequent drying. In the final example, ZrO 2 -3mol%Y 2 O 3 particles are intentionally surface-doped with submonolayer levels of Cu-containing ions from ammoniacal solutions. The ceramics fabricated from such powders exhibit superplastic strain rates 100 or so times faster than in comparable undoped systems, due to the dopant’s role in lowering of the activation energy for diffusion along grain boundaries.
DDT intoxication in birds: Subchronic effects and brain residues

Abstract After 5 days on ad libitum diets containing 25 to 800 ppm of technical DDT, the concentrations of DDT, DDE, and DDD in the brains of farm-reared bobwhite (Colinus virgianus) could be correlated with dietary concentrations. Weight losses were significant when dietary concentrations reached 400 ppm but there were no other toxic signs. A diet of 800 ppm DDT produced mild signs of intoxication and total brain residues of 5.6–22.3 ppm. A diet containing 1600 ppm DDT caused severe toxic signs culminating in convulsions and death. Analysis of the brain showed an average concentration of DDD + DDT to be 28.4 ppm. The average concentrations of DDD + DDT in the brain of various species were: house sparrows (Passer domesticus), 43.2 ppm; wild bobwhite, 31.3 ppm; farm-reared bobwhite, 28.4 ppm; cardinals (Richmondena cardinalis), 26.7 ppm; and blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata), 23.0 ppm. In bobwhite, cardinals, and blue jays concentrations in the brain ranging from 20 to 25 ppm strongly implicate DDT as the lethal agent. A concentration of 32.6 ppm in the brain of house sparrows was indicative of DDT poisoning.
GENDER, REHABILITATION, AND PROBATION DECISIONS*

This article examines the structure of probation decision making on the perceived “need” level of probationers and the pursuant prescription of “treatment.” Although male and female probationers did not direr in their cumulative “need” level, significant differences by sex were found in the factors used by the probation officers to arrive at their decision or in the relative weights assigned to them. A multivariate analysis indicates that gender-role expectations and stereotypes weigh heavily in the officers' decision making and guide the application of treatment. The implications of such gender-based rehabilitation are drawn and discussed.
Penetrative convection induced by the freezing of seawater

Abstract Thermosolutal convection induced by freezing a layer of seawater from above is studied in a series of numerical experiments. The model equations take into account the dependence of the density and the temperature of maximum density on salt content, the possible presence of penetrative convection and supercooling effects. The threshold values for the onset of convection are determined over a wide range of parameter space. Two types of cell pattern are predicted by the linear theory: (1) convection of the entire fluid cell and (2) multi-layer convection. An attempt is made at quantifying the cabbeling instability associated with the onset of the latter. Only multi-layer convection prevails for supercritical Rayleigh numbers. For a specific parameter range, a flow pattern consisting of a strongly convecting layer floating between two relatively stable layers is found. The numerical experiments seem to imply that penetrative convection delays the release of heat to the atmosphere during the formation of polynyas.
Selective growth and kinetic study of copper oxide nanowires from patterned thin-film multilayer structures

Selective growth of CuO nanowires on the etched face of Al2O3/Cu/Al2O3 thin-film multilayer patterns was achieved by ambient oxidation at 400 °C. The nanowires were observed to selectively grow only from the pattern edge with diameter limited by the thickness of Cu thin film. Transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) characterization confirmed CuO nanowires of a monoclinic CuO growing in the [010] crystallographic direction. Nanowire growth kinetics was studied at 400 °C for different cumulative growth durations with initial growth rates of ∼1 nm/min. A base growth mechanism with kinetics limited by oxygen diffusion through defects of a scaling oxide film is consistent with observed kinetics. The oxygen diffusivity is found to be ∼10−11 cm2/s, consistent with the grain-boundary diffusion of oxygen through polycrystalline copper oxide.
HERB's Sure Thing: A rapid drama system for rehearsing and performing live robot theater

In Spring 2014, the Personal Robotics Lab at CMU collaborated with the School of Drama to develop, produce and stage a live theatrical performance at the Purnell Center for the Arts in Pittsburgh. This paper describes some of our unique experiences collaborating with drama faculty, the director and the actor. We highlight the challenges arising from theatrical performance and specifically describe some of the technical tools we developed: a bidirectional Blender interface for robot animation, an interactive system for manipulating speech prosody, and a conductor's console for online improvisation and control during rehearsal and performance. It also explores some of the remaining challenges to our goal of developing algorithms and open-source tools that can enable any roboticist in the world to create their own dramatic performance.
Hinge-motion binding proteins: Unraveling their analytical potential

Hinge-motion binding proteins undergo a conformational change that can be used as the basis for quantifying analytes.
Telling Stories: Examining the Effects of Elaborative Style, Reporting Condition, and Social Class in Preschoolers' Narratives

This research examined two strategies for encouraging preschoolers' narratives. Thirty-two lower-SES and 31 middle-SES children (mean age = 4.85) participated. Children were assigned randomly to either high or low elaborative narrative style conditions. Afterward, each child participated in two activities and then narrated about them on two occasions, once in a draw-and-tell condition and once in a tell-only condition. Children's narratives were coded for narrative indicators and distracters. MANOVA procedures confirmed that children provided more narrative indicators when narrating in draw-and-tell versus tell-only reporting conditions, and an interaction between reporting condition, elaborative style, and SES indicated that lower-income children's narratives benefited most when they narrated in high elaborative, draw-and-tell conditions. Implications for understanding narrative, SES, and narrative supports are discussed.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Charged Defects in Polycrystalline Pentacene by Time- and Wavelength- Resolved Electric Force Microscopy

Spatial maps of topography and trapped charge are acquired for polycrystalline pentacene thin-film transistors using electric and atomic force microscopy. In regions of trapped charge, the rate of trap clearing is studied as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation.
Static analysis of thick laminated shells with different boundary conditions using GDQ

Abstract Equilibrium equations and the associated boundary conditions for doubly curved, relatively deep and thick composite shells are shown. Two First Order Shear Deformation theories (FSDTs) are used. The first one uses plate stiffness parameters for thick shells and the other includes the effect of curvature in the calculation of stiffness parameters. Equilibrium equations are put together with the equations of stress resultants to arrive at a system of seventeen first order differential equations. These equations are solved numerically with the aid of General Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method for isotropic, cross-ply, angle-ply and general lay-up cylindrical shells with six types of different boundary conditions using above mentioned theories. Results obtained using both theories are compared with the available results in literature and those obtained using a three-dimensional (3D) analysis to test the accuracy of the shell theories presented here.
In vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem (mES) Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, This promising of science is leading scientists to investigate the possibility of cell-based therapies to treat disease. When culture in suspension without antidifferentiation factors, embryonic stem cells spontaneously differentiate and form three-dimensional multicellular aggregates. These cell aggregates are called embryoid bodies(EB). Hanging drop culture is a widely used EB formation induction method. The rounded bottom of hanging drop allows the aggregation of ES cells which can provide mES cells a good environment for forming EBs. The number of ES cells aggregatied in a hanging drop can be controlled by varying the number of cells in the initial cell suspension to be hung as a drop from the lid of Petri dish. Using this method we can reproducibly form homogeneous EBs from a predetermined number of ES cells.