cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Homework and Skill Acquisition in the Outcome of Group Cognitive Therapy for Depression – Republished Article

Despite the crucial role typically accorded to between-session self-help assignments in cognitive therapy of depression, the actual impact of homework assignment on therapy outcome has received little empirical attention. The present study evaluated the effect of homework by assigning 63 carefully diagnosed unipolar depressives to one of two otherwise identical 10-week cognitive therapy conditions, only one of which utilized weekly homework assignments. As predicted, assignment to the homework condition predicted more substantial improvement in symptomatic features of depression as rated by an independent clinician at therapy termination, although this effect was not maintained at six month follow-up. However, a post-therapy assessment of skill acquisition in completing the core cognitive restructuring technique did predict self-rated maintenance of treatment gains six months later, irrespective of the treatment condition to which the subject had been assigned. Taken together, these findings reinforce the value of homework in improving treatment response during the active treatment phase of cognitive therapy for depression, and the importance of skill acquisition in promoting maintenance of treatment gams once therapy has ended.
Quantification Theory with Identity and Functional Constants

We wish now to extend our theory to include identity and functions. The system will be an extension of HPC which we will call HPC=. The primitive symbols are -, ⊃, ∀, ), (, and =; an infinite list of individual variables x0, x1, x2,..., an infinite list of predicate letters F 0 n , F 1 n , F 2 n ,... for each n > 0, an infinite list of constants, c0, c1,... and for each n > 0 an infinite list of function letters f 0 n , f 1 n ,...
Comparison of Ultrasound-Assisted and Classic Approaches to Continuous Paravertebral Block for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: a Prospective Randomized Trial

Background: Continuous paravertebral blocks (PVBs) are an established means of providing postoperative analgesia in thoracic surgery. While PVBs can be administered using multiple methods, no randomized clinical trial comparing the relative advantages of the ultrasound-assisted approach to the traditional landmark approach, the two most commonly-used approaches in our hospital, has been conducted to date. Our study thus sought to compare the efficacy of these two methods of PVB placement. Methods: From July 1, 2013 to June 5, 2014, 45 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery consented to participate in the study. Each patient was randomized into a group receiving PVB placed with either the classic landmark-based (CL) or ultrasound-assisted (US) approach. Each group received 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% as the local anesthetic (LA). Onset time and spread of the block were then assessed by a blind observer. The main outcome was hydromorphone consumption 24 hours after initiation of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Secondary outcomes were the following: Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score after 24 hours at rest and during deep inspiration; requested PCA boluses in 24 hours; total LA consumption and number of boluses through the catheter; and changes between pre-and post-operative (24 hours after surgery) tidal volume, forced vital capacity, forced expiatory volume in 1 sec, and peak expiatory flow. Results: Mean opiate consumption during the 24 hours after PCA initiation was 5.75 mg (4.23-7.26) for the CL group and 6.38 mg (4.51-8.25) for the US group (p= 0.643). None of the secondary outcomes statistically differed between the two groups. Conclusions: Our data supports the concept that choice of continuous PVB approach does not affect the outcome. The expertise of the anesthesiologist performing the block remains a key factor in choosing which approach to use.
The Multidimensional Benefits of an Employee Recreation Program

Employee Recreation represents a unique departmentally sponsored program designed to improve recruitment, retention, enjoyment, enthusiasm and commitment among student employees. It is popular and ...
Survival time with pacemaker implantation for dogs diagnosed with persistent atrial standstill.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate survival time in dogs with persistent atrial standstill after pacemaker implantation and to compare the survival times for cardiac-related vs. non-cardiac deaths. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the effects of breed and the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF) at the time of diagnosis on survival time. Animals Twenty dogs with persistent atrial standstill and pacemaker implantation. Methods Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with persistent atrial standstill based on electrocardiogram that underwent pacemaker implantation. Survival after pacemaker implantation was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results The median survival time after pacemaker implantation for all-cause mortality was 866 days. There was no significant difference ( p =0.573) in median survival time for cardiac (506 days) vs. non-cardiac deaths (400 days). The presence of CHF at the time of diagnosis did not affect the survival time ( P =0.854). No difference in median survival time was noted between breeds ( P =0.126). Conclusions Dogs with persistent atrial standstill have a median survival time of 866 days with pacemaker implantation, though a wide range of survival times was observed. There was no difference in the median survival time for dogs with cardiac-related deaths and those without. Patient breed and the presence of CHF before pacemaker implantation did not affect median survival time.
Osteoporosis in Adults

Osteoporosis is a global skeletal disorder of decreased bone strength in which the only important consequence is an increased risk for fracture with minimal trauma. The term porosis means “spongelike,” which aptly describes the appearance of the trabecular skeleton, which is most afflicted with this disease. Bone strength is a complex function integrating bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality. The term quality refers to any skeletal characteristic that is not accounted for in the BMD estimate. Osteoporosis-related fractures are grouped traditionally according to location, either the spine (vertebral) or nonspine, the latter including those of the distal radius (Colles’ fractures) and the proximal femur (hip fracture). More common than any other generalized skeletal condition, osteoporosis continues to increase in prevalence. One out of every two white women will experience an osteoporotic fracture at some point in her lifetime. This chapter considers the pathophysiologic basis for the development of osteoporosis; the lifestyle factors thought to affect lifetime fracture risk; the hygienic measures, including diet, hormonal status, and physical activity, that are important for maintaining skeletal health throughout life; and the pharmacologic agents available for prevention and treatment of this disorder.
Characterizing sleep spindles in 11,630 individuals from the National Sleep Research Resource.

Sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep. Implicated in sleep regulation and cognitive functioning, spindles may represent heritable biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disease. Here we characterize spindles in 11,630 individuals aged 4 to 97 years, as a prelude to future genetic studies. Spindle properties are highly reliable but exhibit distinct developmental trajectories. Across the night, we observe complex patterns of age- and frequency-dependent dynamics, including signatures of circadian modulation. We identify previously unappreciated correlates of spindle activity, including confounding by body mass index mediated by cardiac interference in the EEG. After taking account of these confounds, genetic factors significantly contribute to spindle and spectral sleep traits. Finally, we consider topographical differences and critical measurement issues. Taken together, our findings will lead to an increased understanding of the genetic architecture of sleep spindles and their relation to behavioural and health outcomes, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Sleep patterns vary and are associated with health and disease. Here Purcellet alcharacterize sleep spindle activity in 11,630 individuals and describe age-related changes, genetic influences, and possible confounding effects, serving as a resource for further understanding the physiology of sleep.
Soil carbon: A leaky sink

Ambitious greenhouse–gas emissions cuts are needed to limit the global mean annual temperature increase to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels. A study now finds that the land sink for CO2 appears much smaller than is currently factored into climate models, suggesting that emissions cuts may need to be even more ambitious than currently estimated.
Porous Lightweight Composites Reinforced with Natural and Agricultural By-Product-Based Fibrous Structures

Fibrous structures allow improvement of specific properties of lightweight composites, which are preferred in the transportation industry due to energy and cost savings. Because of environmental concerns and regulations for optimum gas mileage requirement, lightweight composites with reinforcing fibers, especially from renewable resources, present solutions not only for automotive composite manufacturing but also for environmental concerns. The focus of this chapter is automotive composites where natural fibers are already put in place by almost all of the major original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). A summary of natural and agricultural waste-based substrates and feathers has been presented. Biodegradable matrix polymers and resins have been briefly investigated. Previous research on porous and lightweight fiber-reinforced composites have been reviewed, and specifically five different composites by this author have been discussed, which are based on feather quill, feather fibers, chemically extracted cornhusk, mechanically split cornhusk, and bamboo strips. Based on the research, it is evident that comparable and even superior composites can be manufactured utilizing natural and agricultural waste-based substrates, which may potentially lead to higher profit margin for the farmers in addition to addressing the environmental concerns.
Utility of Combining a Simulation-Based Method With a Lecture-Based Method for Fundoscopy Training in Neurology Residency.

Importance Fundoscopic examination is an essential component of the neurologic examination. Competence in its performance is mandated as a required clinical skill for neurology residents by the American Council of Graduate Medical Education. Government and private insurance agencies require its performance and documentation for moderate- and high-level neurologic evaluations. Traditionally, assessment and teaching of this key clinical examination technique have been difficult in neurology residency training. Objective To evaluate the utility of a simulation-based method and the traditional lecture-based method for assessment and teaching of fundoscopy to neurology residents. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was a prospective, single-blinded, education research study of 48 neurology residents recruited from July 1, 2015, through June 30, 2016, at a large neurology residency training program. Participants were equally divided into control and intervention groups after stratification by training year. Baseline and postintervention assessments were performed using questionnaire, survey, and fundoscopy simulators. Interventions After baseline assessment, both groups initially received lecture-based training, which covered fundamental knowledge on the components of fundoscopy and key neurologic findings observed on fundoscopic examination. The intervention group additionally received simulation-based training, which consisted of an instructor-led, hands-on workshop that covered practical skills of performing fundoscopic examination and identifying neurologically relevant findings on another fundoscopy simulator. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measures were the postintervention changes in fundoscopy knowledge, skills, and total scores. Results A total of 30 men and 18 women were equally distributed between the 2 groups. The intervention group had significantly higher mean (SD) increases in skills (2.5 [2.3] vs 0.8 [1.8], P = .01) and total (9.3 [4.3] vs 5.3 [5.8], P = .02) scores compared with the control group. Knowledge scores (6.8 [3.3] vs 4.5 [4.9], P = .11) increased nonsignificantly in both groups. Conclusions and Relevance This study supports the use of a simulation-based method as a supplementary tool to the lecture-based method in the assessment and teaching of fundoscopic examination in neurology residency.
The Aldose Reductase Activity in Lens Extracts Protects, but Does Not Prevent, the Glycation of Lens Proteins by L-Threose

L-Threose, a breakdown product of ascorbic acid, rapidly crosslinks lens proteins in vitro. This rapid glycation reaction, however, may possibly be prevented in lens tissue by the reduction of sugars to polyols by aldose reductase (AR). L-Threose was an excellent substrate for purified aldose reductase measured both spectrophotometrically and by the formation of L-threitol by TLC. Human lens contains AR activity, even in the lens core. When L-threose was incubated with increasing lens extracts, both protein incorporation and threitol formation were increased. The addition of high levels of NADPH increased threitol formation, but did not completely prevent protein incorporation. Sorbinil addition inhibited AR, blocked threitol formation and stimulated protein incorporation. AR at the levels present in human lens, therefore, was able to reduce but not eliminate the glycation of lens proteins by L-threose. This reaction could be important in causing protein crosslinks as well as the introduction of fluorophores into the lens crystallins.
Anesthetic Protection in Brain Ischemia

This review will be confined to the use of anesthetics for protection of the brain during surgery in which either the disease of the patients or the surgery itself places the patient at risk of cerebral ischemia. This could include patients with intracranial pathology or cerebrovascular disease undergoing any surgical procedure, and any patient undergoing cardiovascular or neurosurgery especially if there may be temporary occlusion of a major cerebral artery. Intraoperative cerebral ischemia may be focal ischemia due to the temporary clamping of a major cerebral vessel, to emboli produced by blood clot, air, or particulate matter, or to focal cerebral edema secondary to surgery trauma. Intraoperative cerebral ischemia may also be global but incomplete as that which may occur during hemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock, but also could be the result of such low flow states as induced (deliberate) hypotension or during cardiopulmonary bypass (Table 1).
Business process cockpit

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the business process cockpit (BPC), a tool that supports real-time monitoring, analysis, and management of business processes running on top of Hewlett-Packard Process Manager (HPPM), the Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Business process management systems (BPMSs) are software platforms that support the definition, execution, and tracking of business processes. They are often used to support administrative and production processes as well as to implement complex web services, delivered by composing existing ones according to some process logic. BPMSs have the ability of logging information about the business processes they support, including for instance the start and completion time of each activity, its input and output data, the resource that executed it, as well as events (messages) sent or received.
Pharmacology of Cyclic ADP-Ribose and NAADP

Multiple Ca2+ stores are generally present in cells. Principal among them are the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. It is generally accepted that inositol trisphosphate mobilizes Ca2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum [1]. Also present in the organelle is another Ca2+ release channel, the ryanodine receptor. The discovery of two other Ca2+ signaling molecules, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) [2–4] further highlights the complexity of Ca2+ mobilization as a fundamental signaling mechanism [1].
An Overview of Computer-Based Instruction in Military Environments

This chapter is based on presentations made at the Computer Based Instruction symposium, however the presentations have been expanded upon, or amended, in order to become current. The chapter sketches the history of Computer Based Instruction (CBI) and provides a rationale and context for NATO interest in CBI in military training. Lastly, it focuses on highlights of issues to be covered in the subsequent chapters.
Adult Stem Cell Functioning in the Tumor Micro-Environment

Tumor progression from an expanded cell population in a primary location to disseminated lethal growths subverts attempts at cures. It has become evident that these steps are driven in a large part by cancer cell-extrinsic signaling from the tumor microenvironment (TME), one cellular component of which is becoming more appreciated for potential modulation of the cancer cells directly and the TME globally. That cell is a heterogenous population referred to as adult mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). Herein, we review emerging evidence as to how these cells, both from distant sources, mainly the bone marrow, or local resident cells, can impact the progression of solid tumors. These nascent investigations raise more questions than they answer but paint a picture of an orchestrated web of signals and interactions that can be modulated to impact tumor progression.
Assortment optimization under the multinomial logit model with product synergies

Abstract In synergistic assortment optimization, a product’s attractiveness changes as a function of which other products are offered. We represent synergy structure graphically. Vertices denote products. An edge denotes synergy between two products, which increases their attractiveness when both are offered. Finding an assortment to maximize retailer’s expected profit is NP-hard in general. We present efficient algorithms when the graph is a path, a tree, or has low treewidth. We give a linear program to recover the optimal assortment for paths.
Natural Question Generation with Reinforcement Learning Based Graph-to-Sequence Model

Natural question generation (QG) aims to generate questions from a passage and an answer. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based graph-to-sequence (Graph2Seq) model for QG. Our model consists of a Graph2Seq generator where a novel Bidirectional Gated Graph Neural Network is proposed to embed the passage, and a hybrid evaluator with a mixed objective combining both cross-entropy and RL losses to ensure the generation of syntactically and semantically valid text. The proposed model outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on the SQuAD dataset.
Influence of episodic wind events on thermal stratification and bottom water hypoxia in a Great Lakes estuary

Abstract Hypoxia formation and breakdown were tracked during 2015 in Muskegon Lake estuary at multiple locations, and five years (2011–2015) of time-series buoy observatory data were evaluated for the effect of episodic wind-events on lake mixing. Bi-weekly water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles at four locations revealed that hypoxia occurred at all sites and persisted for 2–3 months during summer 2015. On one date in late-summer, up to 24% of the lake’s volume was estimated to be mildly hypoxic (DO 7.7 m s−1 for 10 h), indicated that while the wind was unable to completely mix the entire water column, it deepened the epilimnion by ∼1.5 m and sheared a thin layer from the upper hypolimnion. By entraining internally loaded nutrients, such episodic wind-events may initiate and sustain algal blooms in nutrient limited surface waters. Quantifying the variable role of wind and mixing events will be key to integrating limnological processes into climate models of the future.
Regulation of Cell Viability and Anti-inflammatory Tristetraprolin Family Gene Expression in Mouse Macrophages by Cottonseed Extracts

Bioactive plant extracts have been used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. One of the major classes of bioactive compounds is plant polyphenols. Cottonseed ethanol extracts were determined by HPLC-MS analysis to be essentially free of toxic gossypol. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cottonseed ethanol extracts on the cytotoxicity and regulation of anti-inflammatory tristrataprolin (TTP) family gene expression in mouse cells. MTT, qPCR and immunoblotting assays tested the effects of cottonseed extracts in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. No cytotoxicity effect was observed in macrophages treated with extracts from the coat or kernel of glanded and glandless cottonseed. Similarly, the viability of mouse adipocytes was not affected by cottonseed extracts. In contrast, gossypol and lipopolysaccharides were toxic to macrophages but not adipocytes under high concentration or long time treatment. Cottonseed extracts exhibited modest effect on TTP family gene expression in macrophages but glandless cottonseed coat extract significantly increased TTP mRNA and protein levels with a magnitude similar to cinnamon and green tea polyphenol extract and insulin. These results demonstrated that cottonseed extracts are harmless towards the mouse cells and that glandless cottonseed coat extract stimulates TTP gene expression. We propose that glandless cottonseed is a safe source of plant polyphenols with anti-inflammatory property.
Quantification of infrared spectral markers for ulcerative colitis using sera

This study investigates an application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of blood components in attenuated total reflection (ATR) sampling mode to quantify ulcerative colitis (UC) induced molecular alterations. Using infrared absorbance data of serum samples extracted from Interleukin 10 knockout (IL10-/-) and Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced experimental models of colitis, we have quantified associated markers with the aid of accompanying data analysis techniques. Identified spectral markers are absorbance at wavenumber 1033 cm-1 , which is primarily due to the glucose; 1076 cm-1 , representing mannose as well as phosphate presence; and the ratio of absorbance at 1121 cm-1 RNA presence to its value at 1020 cm-1 , associated with DNA; and at 1629 cm-1 belonging to the protein to its value at 1737 cm-1 belonging to lipids’ presence. Protein secondary structures as observed by spectral deconvolution in the Amide-I band was also identified. The quantified discriminatory values show significant fluctuations in colitis samples compared to their control types. The differentiating signatures between spectra are obtained by observing p-values comparisons, the ratio analysis and the use of statistical measures such as sensitivity and specificity. High diagnostic accuracy is seen with 80-100% sensitivity and specificity values. Thus, quantitative analysis of infrared (IR) spectral data may be useful for disease diagnostics and therapeutic analysis.
Center-level Variation in HLA-incompatible Living Donor Kidney Transplantation Outcomes.

BACKGROUND Desensitization protocols for HLA-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation (ILDKT) vary across centers. The impact of these, as well as other practice variations, on ILDKT outcomes remains unknown. METHODS We sought to quantify center-level variation in mortality and graft loss following ILDKT using a 25-center cohort of 1358 ILDKT recipients with linkage to Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients for accurate outcome ascertainment. We used multilevel Cox regression with shared frailty to determine the variation in post-ILDKT outcomes attributable to between-center differences and to identify any center-level characteristics associated with improved post-ILDKT outcomes. RESULTS After adjusting for patient-level characteristics, only 6 centers (24%) had lower mortality and 1 (4%) had higher mortality than average. Similarly, only 5 centers (20%) had higher graft loss and 2 had lower graft loss than average. Only 4.7% of the differences in mortality (P < 0.01) and 4.4% of the differences in graft loss (P < 0.01) were attributable to between-center variation. These translated to a median hazard ratio of 1.36 for mortality and 1.34 of graft loss for similar candidates at different centers. Post-ILDKT outcomes were not associated with the following center-level characteristics: ILDKT volume and transplanting a higher proportion of highly sensitized, prior transplant, preemptive, or minority candidates. CONCLUSIONS Unlike most aspects of transplantation in which center-level variation and volume impact outcomes, we did not find substantial evidence for this in ILDKT. Our findings support the continued practice of ILDKT across these diverse centers.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN – TOPICS IN ALGEBRA

This chapter presents several topics in algebra that are somewhat independent of the flow of ideas in the earlier chapters of this book. Some of these topics, such as sequences, deal with functions whose domain is the set of natural numbers. An important reason for studying sequences and series is that the underlying concepts can be used as an introduction to calculus. The binomial theorem gives us a way to expand the expression (a + b)n. Those students who proceed to a study of calculus will find this theorem used when they begin to study the derivative. The theory of permutations and combinations enables us to count the ways in which we can arrange or select a subset of a set of objects and is necessary background to a study of probability theory.
Influence of the contribution of organic matter on the culture of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Grown on sandy soil in Kabinda, Lomami province, in Democratic Republic of Congo

Agriculture in tropical regions is characterized by low productivity. In Kabinda, the dramatic fall in crop yields is due to the natural poverty of the soil with nutritious elements, the most important of which is nitrogen and the scarcity of use the chemical fertilizers. Market gardening, an activity that generates income for local populations and ensures their food security. In order to contribute to the substainable improvement of the productivity of vegetables crops. A study on the influence of the organic matter on the pepper (Capsicum nigrum L.) Crop grown on sandy soil in Kabinda was conducted. This work consisted in evaluating the effects of organic manures brought to sandy soils on vegetative growth and pepper yield. The trial was placed according to a complete block randomized device with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of guano, cow dung, chicken droppings and an unamended witness. Our obtained results show that chicken droppings influenced the growth of pepper by giving average values of diameter to the collar and number of leaves respectively 3, 27cm et 48, 5. The same chicken droppings induced pepper production by recording an average number of 4 fruits/plant. However, the highest fruit yield was obtained with the treatment of chicken droppings (22497kg/hectare). Thus, the use of manure based on chicken droppings seems necessary for the cultivation of pepper, in the event of soil deficiency in organic matter, while filling the water deficit during the crop production in Kabinda.
Physicians' perceptions about collaborating with speech-language pathologists for dysphagia treatment in interprofessional healthcare

Abstract Background Swallowing disorders affect over 15 million people across the United States. Dysphagia is a complex disorder and occurs co-morbidly with other diagnoses. As such, there is frequent collaboration amongst healthcare professionals, including speech-language pathologists, to appropriately assess and manage the dysphagia. Purpose Our objective was to explore the collaboration between speech-language pathologists and physicians who work with patients diagnosed with dysphagia. Method To meet this objective, the researchers surveyed otolaryngologists and gastroenterologists about their collaborative relationships and interprofessional practice in general as it relates to the assessment and management of dysphagia. Discussion Physicians surveyed who treat patients with dysphagia do see benefit in interprofessional practice. They also find value in the presence of a speech-language pathologist on the interprofessional team. However, respondents report either the absence of or uncertainty about training and expectations of medical professionals to participate on interprofessional teams.
Statins Use and Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients after Systemic Thrombolysis.

AIM The aim of this was to study the effects of statins and their intensity on symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and outcome after IV thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and cerebrovascular images of all the patients treated with IVT for AIS in our center in a 10-year period. Patients were further characterized as any statin users versus non-users on admission to the emergency department. Statins were categorized in high intensity or low intensity statin based on its propensity to reduce lower low-density cholesterol by ≥45% or <45%, respectively. Safety and discharge modified Rankin Score were compared between statin users versus non-users and also between high-intensity versus low-intensity groups. RESULTS A total of 834 patients received IVT for AIS in our center during a 10-year period. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, NIH Stroke Scale at admission, INR, and history of DM and atrial fibrillation. There was no association between odds of sICH and any statin use (OR = 0.52 [0.26-1.03], p = 0.06). In multivariate model, any statin use was not associated with odds of poor outcome (Table 4: OR = 1.01 [0.79-1.55], p = 0.57). There was no significant association between odds of sICH among patients on high-intensity statin compared to low intensity statin (multivariate model OR = 0.39 [0.11-1.40], p = 0.15). There was 47% reduced odds of poor outcome among patients on high-intensity statin as compared to low-intensity statin (OR = 0.53[0.32-0.88] p = 0.01). However, this significant association was lost in the multivariate model (OR = 0.60 [0.35-1.05], p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Our study does not show any significant association between risk of sICH and poor outcome after IVT for patients on prior statin therapy. We also did not find significant association between the risk of sICH and poor outcome after IVT and the intensity of the stain used.
Proteomic approaches to investigate gammaherpesvirus biology and associated tumorigenesis

The DNA viruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are members of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, a group of viruses whose infection is associated with multiple malignancies, including cancer. The primary host for these viruses is humans and, like all herpesviruses, infection with these pathogens is lifelong. Due to the persistence of gammaherpesvirus infection and the potential for cancer formation in infected individuals, there is a driving need to understand not only the biology of these viruses and how they remain undetected in host cells but also the mechanism(s) by which tumorigenesis occurs. One of the methods that has provided much insight into these processes is proteomics. Proteomics is the study of all the proteins that are encoded by a genome and allows for (i) identification of existing and novel proteins derived from a given genome, (ii) interrogation of protein-protein interactions within a system, and (iii) discovery of druggable targets for the treatment of malignancies. In this chapter, we explore how proteomics has contributed to our current understanding of gammaherpesvirus biology and their oncogenic processes, as well as the clinical applications of proteomics for the detection and treatment of gammaherpesvirus-associated cancers.
Open Collaborative Writing: Investigation of the Fork-and-Pull Model

Work of all kinds increasingly takes place via networked digital environments that support diverse modes of collaboration. Previous work has investigated how collaborative writing takes place in shared and open workspaces. This study investigates how the "fork-and-pull'' model of distributed version management, now widely utilized in software development, supports coordination and public contribution in collaborative writing. We employ a case study approach to understand coordination around written artifacts in an open pull-based environment. Through interviews and archival analysis of two open text projects: a mathematics textbook on homotopy type theory (HoTT) and open source policies by 18F, a branch of federal agency, we reconstruct how text artifacts were created. We find that in both cases an intensive multi-channel communication among a small core preceded an explicit release action in the form of public communication to solicit broader contribution. Our analysis reveals a dichotomy between two modes of collaboration: a perfecting mode of crafting a public written document versus an evolution mode. In perfecting, authors used the fork-and-pull model to manage contributions refining the text to a more correct version. In evolution, authors used the fork-and-pull model to use a written artifact as a template and starting point, customizing it to their relevant scope. Based on our results, we consider how we might design systems and policies to support pull-based coordination around written artifacts and the forms it takes.
Improving prediction of temperature profiles of packaged food during retort processing

Abstract A one-dimensional (1D) apparent position (AP) numerical solution (APNS) method was previously proposed to predict the evolution of temperature at the slowest heating point (SHP) of canned food in any shaped container during retort processing. In this study, the APNS method was implemented in a two-dimensional (2D) computational domain in a conductive cylinder that provides a contour of AP for the SHP instead of a single AP in the existing 1D method, enabling the selection of the optimal AP that could substantially improve the prediction accuracy of the APNS method. The 2D method was implemented in a web-based software tool. This tool provided a perfect prediction of a simulated product temperature profile of a conductive canned food in a truncated cone-shaped container, and reasonably good predictions of experimentally measured product temperature profiles of canned food in different shaped containers subjected to natural convection or mixed convection/conduction at non-constant heating temperature.
Comparing Continuous and Binary Group-based Trajectory Modeling Using Statin Medication Adherence Data.

Background Of 58 medication adherence group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) published studies, 74% used binary and 26% used continuous GBTM. Few studies provided a rationale for this choice. No medication adherence studies have compared continuous and binary GBTM. Objective The objective of this study was to assess whether continuous versus binary GBTM: (1) impacts adherence trajectory shapes; and (2) results in the differential classification of patients into adherence groups. Methods Patients were prevalent statin users with myocardial infarction hospitalization, 66+ years old, and continuously enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare. Statin medication adherence was measured 6 months prehospitalization using administrative claims. Final GBTM specifications beyond default settings were selected using a previously defined standardized procedure and applied separately to continuous and binary (proportion of days covered ≥0.80) medication adherence measures. Assignment to adherence groups was compared between continuous and binary models using percent agreement of patient classification and the κ coefficient. Results Among 113,296 prevalent statin users, 4 adherence groups were identified in both models. Three groups were consistent: persistently adherent, progressively nonadherent, and persistently nonadherent. The fourth continuous group was moderately adherent (progressively adherent in the binary model). When comparing patient assignment into adherence groups between continuous and binary trajectory models, only 78.4% of patients were categorized into comparable groups (κ=0.641; 95% confidence interval: 0.638-0.645). The agreement was highest in the persistently adherent group (∼94%). Conclusions Continuous and binary trajectory models are conceptually different measures of medication adherence. The choice between these approaches should be guided by study objectives and the role of medication adherence within the study-exposure, outcome, or confounder.
Retrieval of well-learned propositional rules: Insensitive to changes in activity of individual neurotransmitter systems?

On the basis of the visual conditional discrimination paradigm, a procedure has been developed that forces rats to retrieve propositional rules from reference memory (e.g., flashing light, go left; constant light, go right). Using operant boxes, rats were trained to perform a conditional visual (successive) discrimination task (go/go) on an FR10 schedule of reinforcement. During the first trial of a day’s test session, incorrect responding did not result in the termination of the trial. The ratio between correct and incorrect leverpresses until completion of the FR10 at the correct lever on this first trial was considered a measure of the rat’s ability to retrieve the correct rule. During the subsequent trials of a test session, incorrect responses led to the termination of the trial. Behavioral measures from this stage of a day’s session were considered as an indication of behavioral performance. Scopolamine (0.1, 0.39, or 1.56 mg/kg) did not affect retrieval but impaired all measures of performance. Chlordiazepoxide (3.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) similarly spared retrieval abilities but disrupted performance at the highest dose. Baclofen (1.56, 3.13, or 4.69 mg/kg) nonspecifically disrupted responding at the highest dose. Amphetamine (0.3, 0.56, or 1.0 mg/kg) generally reduced the number of correct responses. Thus, none of these treatments specifically interfered with the retrieval of information about well-learned stimulus-response rules. It is hypothesized that the retrieval of these rules is comparable with the automatic and implicit reactivation of nondeclarative information in humans, or even with priming. Furthermore, it seems likely that this process shows multiple neuronal representations and, therefore, remains widely insensitive to manipulations in individual neurotransmitter systems.
Detection limits for blood on four fabric types using infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy in mid- and near-infrared spectral windows.

Detection limits (DL) for blood on four fabric types were estimated for calibrations derived using partial least squares regression applied to infrared (IR) diffuse reflection spectra. Samples were prepared by dip-coating acrylic, cotton, nylon, and polyester fabrics from solutions of diluted rat blood. While DLs often appear in terms of dilution factor in the forensic community, mass percentage, coverage (mass per unit area), or film thickness are often more relevant when comparing experimental methods. These alternate DL units are related to one another and presented here. The best IR diffuse reflection DLs for blood on acrylic and cotton fabrics were in the mid-IR spectral window corresponding to the protein Amide I/II absorption bands. These DLs were dilution by a factor of 2300 (0.019% w/w blood solids) for acrylic and a factor of 610 (0.055% w/w blood solids) for cotton. The best DL for blood on polyester was found in the mid-IR spectral window corresponding to the protein Amide A absorption band at...
I know what your packet did last hop: using packet histories to troubleshoot networks

The complexity of networks has outpaced our tools to debug them; today, administrators use manual tools to diagnose problems. In this paper, we show how packet histories--the full stories of every packet's journey through the network--can simplify network diagnosis. To demonstrate the usefulness of packet histories and the practical feasibility of constructing them, we built NetSight, an extensible platform that captures packet histories and enables applications to concisely and flexibly retrieve packet histories of interest. Atop NetSight, we built four applications that illustrate its flexibility: an interactive network debugger, a live invariant monitor, a path-aware history logger, and a hierarchical network profiler. On a single modern multi-core server, NetSight can process packet histories for the traffic of multiple 10 Gb/s links. For larger networks, NetSight scales linearly with additional servers and scales even further with straightforward additions to hardware- and hypervisor-based switches.
A Note on Forecasting Short-Run Profits

We derive a simple equation that allows managers and analysts to quickly forecast percentage change in profit and perform "what if" analyses without the need to build spreadsheet models, develop pro-forma income statements, or perform a degree-of-total leverage computation for each estimated change in sales. The equation specifies the relationship between the changes in sales and profit in the short-run when current period profit margin and fixed cost-to-sales relationships are known. A table is provided to help practicing managers appreciate the interactions among the variables in the equation.
Actin polymerization contributes to enhanced pulmonary arterial vasoconstrictor reactivity following chronic hypoxia (1089.15)

Chronic hypoxia (CH) induces basal pulmonary arterial tone and augments vasoconstrictor reactivity to endothelin-1 (ET-1) through Rho kinase-dependent Ca2+ sensitization. Considering that dynamic a...
Using Social Network Analysis to Inform Management of Open Source Software Development

The community-based open source software (OSS) development model has emerged as a viable alternative to firm-based traditional software development. The naturally evolving structure of collaborative relationships among software developers is a major distinction between the OSS development model and the traditional development model. Conventional statistical methods that focus on individual cases and their attributes cannot properly inform the management of the naturally evolving collaborative relationships in open source project. We emphasize social network analysis as a method especially suitable for management of open source development projects, because it focuses on relations among individuals rather than attributes of individual cases. We show how open source development can be represented as a collaboration network graph and how the network can be characterized by various network structure metrics. We present four metrics as a starting point -- size, centralization, density and clusterness, that are most useful in revealing collaborative relationships in OSS development process. We discuss how to generate collaboration network for OSS projects and how to calculate the metrics. We further describe how these metrics can assist in effective management of open source software development process. We conclude by presenting preliminary empirical evidence in support of the metrics.
Environmental crises of the 21st century: Response and responsibility

This editorial examines the environmental awareness of society today of problems such as ozone depletion, global climate change, oil spills, acid rain, etc.. First Schrader discusses the three major components of environmental problems: physical, biological or chemical manifestation of a crisis; who, what caused it; and what is the response to it. Responsibility and response are discussed in greater detail. The author concludes that it will be incumbent on those living in the 21st century to react to their environmental inheritance, and there must be a committment to the purpose that the ethical and quantitative wisdom necessary to meet these chanlenges are a basic component of undergraduate curriculum in all colleges and universities.
Convolutional learning of spatio-temporal features

We address the problem of learning good features for understanding video data. We introduce a model that learns latent representations of image sequences from pairs of successive images. The convolutional architecture of our model allows it to scale to realistic image sizes whilst using a compact parametrization. In experiments on the NORB dataset, we show our model extracts latent "flow fields" which correspond to the transformation between the pair of input frames. We also use our model to extract low-level motion features in a multi-stage architecture for action recognition, demonstrating competitive performance on both the KTH and Hollywood2 datasets.
Ethics and social issues in computer science

Summary form only given. The author describes a systematic program for the inclusion of ethical and social issues in computing technology throughout courses in the Computer Science curriculum at Seattle Pacific University. The author describes the two quarter credit seminar CSC 4899, Ethical and Social Issues in Computer Science. This single-course approach, especially as a capstone-type course for Seniors, provides an opportunity for students with background in the discipline to apply their technical knowledge-and one hopes the maturity of four years' college experience-to issues they may soon face. The goal of the Ethics and Social Issues in Computer Science Project is two-part. The first is largely completed: finding the intersections and integrating computer ethics topics into the computer science major curriculum. This paper outlines the integration plan. Phase two will be the implementation of the curriculum, with ongoing analysis of its success (and revision as necessary). This phase is due to begin in 1998.
The polyomavirus enhancer activates chromatin accessibility on integration into the HPRT gene

Recent studies suggest that enhancers may increase the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors. To test the effects of a viral enhancer on chromatin accessibility, we have inserted minigenes with or without the polyomavirus enhancer into the third exon of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene by homologous recombination and have prepared high-resolution maps of gene accessibility by using a novel polymerase chain reaction assay for DNase I sensitivity. In its native state, we find that the HPRT gene has low sensitivity to DNase I in fibrosarcoma cells. Insertion of the polyomavirus enhancer and neo reporter gene into exon 3 confers altered HPRT DNase I sensitivity for several kilobases on either side of the enhancer. The changes in DNase I sensitivity peak near the enhancer and decline with distance from the enhancer. The increase in HPRT DNase I sensitivity persisted when the tk promoter was deleted from the inserted construct but disappeared when the enhancer was deleted. These experiments identify the polyomavirus enhancer as a cis-acting initiator of chromatin accessibility.