cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collaborative design of an oceanographic event logger

We report on an in-progress project to design a new field instrument used to link data collection and preservation practices across the gaps separating groups of oceanographic scientists engaged in interdisciplinary collaborations. Oceanographic cruises provide an important means for collecting data as an input for specific scientific investigations and for longer term efforts to make a wide range of environmental field data available for future scientific investigators. For both of these tasks, there is the need to perform the invisible work of identifying and resolving potential gaps and consistency issues in the data in order to make the data usable. The event logger system was designed to address these issues by associating every measurement on two organization's scientific cruises with a latitude, longitude, and time stamp. It is the finding of this ethnographic analysis that the event logger system has been successful to the extent that the design process has been able to incorporate a diverse range of voices into an open and collaborative activity.
Normal deduction in the intuitionistic linear logic

We describe a natural deduction system NDIL for the second order intuitionistic linear logic which admits normalization and has a subformula property. NDIL is an extension of the system for !-free multiplicative linear logic constructed by the author and elaborated by A. Babaev. Main new feature here is the treatment of the modality !. It uses a device inspired by D. Prawitz' treatment of S4 combined with a construction \( \) introduced by the author to avoid cut-like constructions used in \(\otimes\)-elimination and global restrictions employed by Prawitz. Normal form for natural deduction is obtained by Prawitz translation of cut-free sequent derivations.
Cellobiose metabolism: a pathway involving adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent cleavage of the disaccharide.

Abstract Cleavage of cellobiose in Aerobacter aerogenes requires adenosine 5′-triphosphate and two protein fractions, the products of the reaction being equimolar amounts of D-glucose and D-glucose 6-phosphate. The two enzymes that participate in the overall reaction are identified as a β-glucoside kinase and a phospho-β-glucosidase.
On the relationship between pinning control effectiveness and graph topology in complex networks of dynamical systems

This paper concerns pinning control in complex networks of dynamical systems, where an external forcing signal is applied to the network in order to align the state of all the systems to the forcing signal. By considering the control signal as the state of a virtual dynamical system, this problem can be studied as a synchronization problem. The main focus of this paper is to study how the effectiveness of pinning control depends on the underlying graph. In particular, we look at the relationship between pinning control effectiveness and the complex network asymptotically as the number of vertices in the network increases. We show that for vertex balanced graphs, if the number of systems receiving pinning control does not grow as fast as the total number of systems, then the strength of the control needed to effect pinning control will be unbounded as the number of vertices grows. Furthermore, in order to achieve pinning control in systems coupled via locally connected graphs, as the number of systems grows, both the pinning control and the coupling among all systems need to increase. Finally, we give evidence to show that applying pinning control to minimize the distances between all systems to the pinned systems can lead to a more effective pinning control.
Constructive Remodeling of CorMatrix Extracellular Matrix After Aortic Root Repair in a 90-Year-Old Woman

An acellular, noncrosslinked, extracellular-matrix bioscaffold patch was used for aortic root reconstruction after aortic valve replacement in a 90-year-old woman. After her death 3 years later, histologic examination showed constructive remodeling and host-tissue regeneration at the site of the extracellular matrix bioscaffold patch.
Power savings in embedded processors through decode filter cache

In embedded processors, instruction fetch and decode can consume more than 40% of processor power. An instruction filter cache can be placed between the CPU core and the instruction cache to service the instruction stream. Power savings in instruction fetch result from accesses to a small cache. In this paper, we introduce a decode filter cache to provide a decoded instruction stream. On a hit in the decode filter cache, fetching from the instruction cache and the subsequent decoding is eliminated, which results in power savings in both instruction fetch and instruction decode. We propose to classify instructions into cacheable or uncacheable depending on the decoded width. Then sectored cache design is used in the decode filter cache so that cacheable and uncacheable instructions can coexist in a decode filter cache sector. Finally, a prediction mechanism is presented to reduce the decode filter cache miss penalty. Experimental results show average 34% processor power reduction and less than 1% performance degradation.
Beyond the information center: an instrument to measure end-user computing support from multiple sources

Recent studies have shown that end-users may be dissatisfied with support received from the centralized information center. While this has been the predominant source of formal support in the past, contemporary studies have identified a more decentralized form of support: local MIS staff. A third popular support source for end-users is the informal network of friends and colleagues. The relative degree of support that end-users receive from each of these sources is not evident. The lack of a reliable instrument to measure end-user support may have contributed to this absence of evidence. This paper presents an instrument that was designed to measure support from a set of diverse sources, such as the information center, local MIS staff, and informal sources. The instrument was pre-tested and refined prior to collecting data from 108 middle-level managers. The construct and convergent validities of the instrument appear to be strong. This instrument will be useful to researchers and practitioners who would like to identify support functions best provided by a specific support source.
Effect of on/off misbehavior on overhearing based cooperation scheme for MANET

Misbehaving nodes, including malicious and selfish ones, will disturb the cooperation among all wireless nodes in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). Overhearing and reputation based cooperation schemes have been used to detect and isolate the misbehaving nodes as well as to force them to cooperate. These schemes worked well in previous publications. However, in this paper, we propose an on/off misbehaving strategy that will fool the current overhearing reputation schemes and downgrade the performance of network. All the simulation results are based on the OCEAN protocol which works with a non-secondhand reputation system. We also analyze how parameters of the on/off strategy would affect the result.
The Safe Use of Adenosine to Enhance Diagnostic Capabilities of MRI Cardiac Studies

This poster focuses on a multidisciplinary approach to safe and effective use of MRI technology to evaluate coronary artery disease by using adenosine as a stressing agent. Previously patients underwent far more invasive and expensive procedures to obtain similar diagnostic information. Although cardiac adenosine studies also present inherent risks, with proper training and appropriate screening tools adverse events can be rare and easily managed. This study is becoming the standard tool the cardiologists use to evaluate coronary artery disease prior to more invasive procedures. The poster includes a procedure summary, patient screening tools, monitoring considerations, a charting sample, and study images.
The life of the mind: American academia reflected through contemporary fiction

What is it about academia anyway? We profess to hate it, spend endless amounts of time complaining about it, and yet we in academia will do practically anything to stay. The pay may be low, job security elusive, and in the end, it's not the glamorous work we envisioned it would be. Yet, it still holds fascination and interest for us. This is an article about American academic fiction. By academic fiction, I mean novels whosemain characters are professors, college students, and those individuals associated with academia. These works reveal many truths about the higher education experience not readily available elsewhere. We learn about ourselves and the university community in which we work.
Trade-offs in the design of fishery closures: management of silky shark bycatch in the eastern Pacific Ocean tuna fishery.

Bycatch—the incidental catch of nontarget species—is a principal concern in marine conservation and fisheries management. In the eastern Pacific Ocean tuna fishery, a large fraction of nonmammal bycatch is captured by purse-seine gear when nets are deployed around floating objects. We examined the spatial distribution of a dominant species in this fishery's bycatch, the apex predator silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), from 1994 to 2005 to determine whether spatial closures, areas where fishing is prohibited, might effectively reduce the bycatch of this species. We then identified candidate locations for fishery closures that specifically considered the trade-off between bycatch reduction and the loss of tuna catch and evaluated ancillary conservation benefits to less commonly captured taxa. Smoothed spatial distributions of silky shark bycatch did not indicate persistent small areas of especially high bycatch for any size class of shark over the 12-year period. Nevertheless, bycatch of small silky sharks (<90 cm total length) was consistently higher north of the equator during all years. On the basis of this distribution, we evaluated nearly 100 candidate closure areas between 5 ◦ Na nd 15 ◦ N that could have reduced, by as much as 33%, the total silky shark bycatch while compromising only 12% of the tuna catch. Although silky sharks are the predominant species of elasmobranchs caught as bycatch in this fishery, closures also suggested reductions in the bycatch of other vulnerable taxa, including other shark species and turtles. Our technique provides an effective method with which to balance the costs and benefits of conservation in fisheries management. Spatial closures are a viable management tool, but implementation should be preceded by careful consideration of the consequences of fishing reallocation.
Evaluation of BTA1 and BTA5 QTL Regions for Growth and Carcass Traits in American and Korean Cattle

Previously identified QTL regions on BTA1 and BTA5 were investigated to validate the QTL regions and to identify candidate genes for growth and carcass traits in commercial cattle populations from the USA and Korea. Initially, a total of 8 polymorphic microsatellite (MS) markers in the BTA1 and 5 QTL regions were used for Chi-square tests to compare the frequencies of individual alleles between high and low phenotypic groups for the US (Michigan Cattleman's Association/Michigan State University; MCA/MSU) cattle. For a subsequent study, 24 candidate genes containing missense mutations and located within the QTL regions based on bovine genome sequence data were analyzed for genotyping in the two commercial cattle populations. Re-sequencing analyses confirmed 18 public missense SNPs and identified 9 new SNPs. Seventeen of these SNPs were used for genotyping of the MCA/MSU cattle (n = 98) and Korean native cattle (n = 323). On BTA1, UPK1B, HRG, and MAGEF1 polymorphisms residing between BM1312 and BMS4048 were significantly associated with growth and carcass traits in one or both of the MCA/MSU and Korean populations. On BTA5, ABCD2, IL22 and SNRPF polymorphisms residing between BL4 and BR2936 were associated with marbling and backfat traits in one or both of the MCA/MSU and Korean cattle populations. These results suggested that BTA 1 and 5 QTL regions may be segregating in both Korean Hanwoo and USA commercial cattle populations and DNA markers tested in this study may contribute to the
Optimal Treatment Planning for Skull Base Chordoma: Photons, Protons, or a Combination of Both?

Purpose We compared dosimetry of proton (PR), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) photon (PH), and combined PR and IMRT PH (PP) irradiation of skull base chordomas to determine the most optimal technique. Methods and Materials Computed tomography simulation scans of 5 patients with skull base chordoma were used to generate four treatment plans: an IMRT PH plan with 1-mm planning target volume (PTV; PH1) for stereotactic treatment, an IMRT PH plan with 3-mm PTV (PH3) for routine treatment, a PR plan with beam-specific expansion margins on the clinical target volume, and a PP plan combining PR and PH treatment. All plans were prescribed 74 Gy/Cobalt Gray equivalents (CGE) to the PTV. To facilitate comparison, the primary objective of all plans was 95% or greater PTV prescribed dose coverage. Plans then were optimized to limit dose to normal tissues. Results PTVs ranged from 4.4 to 36.7 cc in size (mean, 21.6 cc). Mean % PTV receiving 74 Gy was highest in the PP plans (98.4%; range, 96.5–99.2%) and lowest in the PH3 plans (96.1%; range, 95.1–96.7%). PR plans were the least homogeneous and conformal. PH3 plans had the highest mean % volume (V) of brain, brainstem, chiasm, and temporal lobes greater than tolerance doses. The PH1 plans had the lowest brainstem mean % V receiving 67 Gy (V67Gy; 2.3 Gy; range, 0–7.8 Gy) and temporal lobe mean % V65Gy (4.3 Gy; range, 0.1–7.7 Gy). Global evaluation of the plans based on objective parameters revealed that PH1 and PP plans were more optimal than either single-modality PR or PH3 plans. Conclusions There are dosimetric advantages to using either PH1 or PP plans, with the latter yielding the best target coverage and conformality.
Investigation of multiple mechanisms for potentiation of malaoxon's anticholinesterase action by triorthotolyl phosphate.

SummaryThe degree of potentiation of malaoxon toxicity by 10 to 50 mg/kg of TOTP was associated with its inhibition of mouse liver carboxylesterase activity; however, the degree of potentiation increased with increasing dose of TOTP beyond the dose which caused maximal inhibition of liver carboxylesterase activity. TOTP did not alter the sensitivity of mouse brain cholinesterase to inhibition by malaoxon. As the pretreatment dose of TOTP was increased from 50 to 125 mg/kg there was an associated increase of inhibition of malaoxon binding by liver and increase in the inhibition of liver cholinesterase activity. These findings indicate that the increase in malaoxon potentiation beyond that detected at maximum inhibition of liver carboxylesterase activities by TOTP may result from increased inhibition of malaoxon binding. It appears that both carboxylesterases and cholinesterases may contribute to malaoxon binding by mouse liver. and that binding to liver cholinesterases may become the most important mechani...
Wind tunnel measurements of forward speed effects on jet noise from suppressor nozzles and comparison with flight test data

The results of a test program conducted in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel to determine the effect of forward speed on the noise levels emanating from a conical ejector nozzle, a 32-spoke suppressor nozzle, and a 104-elliptical-tube suppressor nozzle are reported. It is shown that noise levels are reduced as forward speed is increased and that, for one suppressor configuration, forward speed enhances suppression. Comparisons of noise measurements made in the wind tunnel with those obtained in flight tests show good agreement. It is concluded that wind tunnels provide an effective means of measuring the effect of forward speed on aircraft noise.
Should the government pay? Caregiver views of government responsibility and feelings of stigma about financial support.

Financial support strategies to assist informal caregivers of the elderly have been implemented and/or experimented with in several states. Little is known about how receptive caregiving families are to receiving financial support from the government to assist with in-home care, particularly whether they feel stigmatized. Few existing programs have assessed caregivers' views. In examining caregivers' reactions to receiving means-tested financial assistance, it is important to assess whether they consider support of the disabled a government responsibility as well as a possible stigma. Caregivers (N = 155) of disabled veterans aged 65 and older who receive Veterans' Administration disability allowances (Aid and Attendance) were surveyed. Results indicate that caregivers feel the government is primarily responsible for supporting the long-term disabled who are cared for at home. For the most part, these caregivers did not feel stigmatized or uncomfortable receiving means-tested government assistance to supp...
Leading the way using microarray: a more comprehensive approach for discovery of gene expression patterns.

Cells react to various stimuli by modulating their biological functions through selective changes in the activities of their constituent proteins. These changes are rendered by secondary modifications, translocation, or interaction with other molecules or cofactors or by altering a protein’s concentration. The latter event occurs via regulated modifications in the rate of gene transcription, RNA translation, or degradation of RNA or protein. In the premicroarray era, the number of genes that were subject to differential expression was seriously underestimated; this is demonstrated in the study by Stanton et al1 in this issue of Circulation Research . Using microarray technology, Stanton et al identified more than 700 genes whose expression was altered during myocardial infarction. Expression profiling is not merely a descriptive method; disclosure of the temporal and spatial changes in gene expression provides insight into cellular functions and underlying mechanisms in disease pathogenesis. DNA microarrays, or gene chips, are usually comprised of micron-range–sized spots of genomic DNA, cDNA, or oligonucleotides arrayed on a glass slide. They are used for a wide scope of applications, including sequencing, detection of mutations or polymorphisms, identification of drug targets, and gene expression profiling (reviewed by Wilgenbus and Lichter2 ). The latter application has gained wide use for monitoring differences in gene expression patterns in normal versus pathological conditions. Different clustering methods have been devised for the management of the large number of data …
Personalization and Active Learning in the Large Introductory Psychology Class

Addressing selected issues and strategies in teaching the large introductory psychology class, this article focuses on personalizing the large class, making large classes into small classes to faci...
Who Will Care for Me Next? Transitioning to Adulthood With Hydrocephalus

OBJECTIVES: Hydrocephalus is a prototypical chronic condition that follows children into adulthood. The objectives of this study were to (1) review how the health care needs of young adults with hydrocephalus are not being met, (2) estimate the numbers of adults with childhood-onset hydrocephalus, (3) describe a novel program to provide care for young adults with hydrocephalus and other chronic pediatric conditions, and (4) propose national strategies to promote successful hydrocephalus transition care. RESULTS: Adults with hydrocephalus need continuous access to expert surgical and medical providers. Existing care models fail to meet this need. The number of young adults who have hydrocephalus, are aged 18 to 35 and need treatment in the United States is predicted to exceed 40000 annually within the next 2 decades. We are developing integrated teams of pediatric and adult medical and surgical specialists to provide continuous, coordinated, comprehensive care for individuals with hydrocephalus in a pediatric setting. This setting will train our future physician workforce on optimal transition care. Coordinated national efforts are also needed. CONCLUSIONS: Providers need to implement appropriate management and transition care for individuals with hydrocephalus. We must work at local and national levels to transform the care model, improve the quality of health care delivery, and improve outcomes for young adults with hydrocephalus.
4Sensing -- Decentralized Processing for Participatory Sensing Data

Participatory Sensing is an emerging application paradigm that leverages the growing ubiquity of sensor-capable smart phones to allow communities carry out wide-area sensing tasks, as a side-effect of people's everyday lives and movements. This paper proposes a decentralized infrastructure for supporting Participatory Sensing applications. It describes an architecture and a domain specific programming language for modeling, prototyping and developing the distributed processing of participatory sensing data with the goal of allowing faster and easier development of these applications. Moreover, a case-study application is also presented as the basis for an experimental evaluation.
Mechanisms for the prevention of damage to DNA in spores of Bacillus species

The DNA in dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis as well as other Bacillus species is extremely well protected against damage resulting from treatments such as desiccation, heat, oxidizing agents, and UV and gamma radiation. This high degree of DNA protection is a major factor in the survival of spores of these species, not only when subjected to the treatments noted above, but also when incubated under common environmental conditions for many years. Factors that play major roles in overall spore resistance include the low permeability of spores to toxic chemicals and the decreased spore-core water content. However, although decreased spore permeability and water content appear to at least partially protect spore DNA from oxidative damage, these factors seem to play little or no role in protecting spore DNA from heat damage. The major factor preventing damage to spore DNA is the saturation of this DNA with a novel group of small, acid-soluble proteins of the alpha/beta-type whose binding greatly alters DNA's chemical and enzymatic reactivity as well as its UV photochemistry. Binding of these proteins is also a key factor in spore DNA resistance to desiccation, heat, oxidizing agents, and UV radiation.
Device physics using the method of moments

The method of moments, which is well known in the area of electromagnetics, can also be applied to the area of device physics in undergraduate education. In this paper, the p-n junction is analyzed using the method of moments applied to discrete charges and distributed charges.
Teaching for Greater Inclusion: Searching for Talent as a Potentially Harmful Teaching Practice

Past research has found that women held stronger beliefs in scientific success due to effort, whereas men believed in success based upon ability. While this does not seem problematic, because females have been more likely to attribute their successes to effort, this may have compromised their perceived intellectual ability in the eyes of ability-referenced academics and peers. Females, in traditionally male subjects, with their sense of ability, academic confidence and self-efficacy compromised, may feel compelled to leave engineering. While this basis for departure may be a common phenomenon amongst engineering majors, many studies have measured the effects of effort and ability on self-efficacy. However, what is not understood are the effects of these variables on test-anxiety by gender. Data from approximately 700 university engineering students across four universities indicated that belief in ability lowered females' self-efficacy, producing greater test-anxiety and potentially lowering GPA. Conversely, beliefs in effort raised self-efficacy, lowered test-anxiety and may result in higher GPA. Therefore, faculty might adjust their teaching practices to reinforce effort as the cause for success in engineering courses.
Model-Based Versus Patient-Specific Dosimetry: Blurring the Lines

Internal radionuclide radiation dosimetry continues to evolve, in some respects, along 2 seemingly separate paths: model-based and patient-specific dosimetry. However, as models become increasingly anthropomorphic and the associated formulae become more flexible, the distinction between model-based
Self-Regulating Constant Discharge Irrigation Valve

Efficient application of irrigation water depends upon many variables, including precise control of the rate and volume of application. Although devices are available for volumetrically measuring and controlling water, particularly for closed-conduit flow, the most simple flow control is achieved by maintaining a constant flow to the farm.
A copy-and-paste gene regulatory network

Changes in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) underlie many phenotypic differences between species. However, the mechanisms of GRN evolution are still being debated ( 1 – 5 ). Explaining how GRNs originate, diversify, and maintain their identities despite regulatory element turnover is essential for developing mechanistic explanations for the origin, diversification, and conservation of homologous characters between species. Among the major outstanding questions in GRN evolution is whether individual cis-regulatory elements arise de novo through the gradual accumulation of mutations that increase the regulatory potential of existing DNA or whether cis-regulatory elements originate more rapidly through concerted processes. On page 1083 of this issue, Chuong et al. provide evidence that concerted processes, involving endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are remarkably abundant in mammalian genomes, have contributed to the evolution of the regulatory systems that control the mammalian immune system ( 6 ).
Trade-offs between salinity preference and antipredator behaviour in the euryhaline sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna

Salinity preference and responses to predatory chemical cues were examined both separately and simultaneously in freshwater (FW) and saltwater (SW)-acclimated sailfin mollies Poecilia latipinna, a euryhaline species. It was hypothesized that P. latipinna would prefer FW over SW, move away from chemical cues from a crayfish predator, and favour predator avoidance over osmoregulation when presented with both demands. Both FW and SW-acclimated P. latipinna preferred FW and actively avoided predator cues. When presented with FW plus predator cues v. SW with no cues, P. latipinna were more often found in FW plus predator cues. These results raise questions pertaining to the potential osmoregulatory stress of salinity transitions in euryhaline fishes relative to the potential fitness benefits and whether euryhalinity is utilized for predator avoidance. This study sheds light on the potential benefits and consequences of being salt tolerant or intolerant and complicates the understanding of the selection pressures that have favoured the different osmoregulatory mechanisms among fishes.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation (PAVM): Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings.

A 30-year-old woman was referred to our department for multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with a complaint of dyspnea. Her chest radiography findings were unremarkable. Wide area detector CT Angiography and contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed an enhancing cluster of tubular structures in the inferior lingular segment of the left upper lobe [1, 2]. Coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) (Figure A) and three-dimensional volume-rendered CT images (Figures B, C) revealed a Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation PAVM with a feeding artery, an aneurysmal part, and a draining vein.
Effect of dopaminergic blocking agents on plasma luteinizing hormone releasing hormone activity in hypophysectomized rats.

Des rats femelles hypophysectomisees depuits 60 jours ont un haut niveau d'activite LRF plasmatique. Le traitement par bloqueurs des recepteurs dopaminergiques (pimozide ou fluspirilene) fait disparaitre l'activite LRF plasmatique et indique que ce sont des systemes dopaminergiques qui reglent les mecanismes hypothalamiques de liberation hormonale.
Understanding substituent effects in noncovalent interactions involving aromatic rings.

Noncovalent interactions involving aromatic rings such as π-stacking, cation/π, and anion/π interactions are central to many areas of modern chemistry. Decades of experimental studies have provided key insights into the impact of substituents on these interactions, leading to the development of simple intuitive models. However, gas-phase computational studies have raised some doubts about the physical underpinnings of these widespread models. In this Account we review our recent efforts to unravel the origin of substituent effects in π-stacking and ion/π interactions through computational studies of model noncovalent dimers.First, however, we dispel the notion that so-called aromatic interactions depend on the aromaticity of the interacting rings by studying model π-stacked dimers in which the aromaticity of one of the monomers can be “switched off”. Somewhat surprisingly, the results show that not only is aromaticity unnecessary for π-stacking interactions, but it actually hinders these interactions to s...
Study of complexes formation between transition metal ions and amylopectin in DMSO/H2O solution

The complexation ability of amylopectin (starch polymer) treated with ultrasound in DMSO/H2O solution was investigated with respect to several metal ions, with the assistance of a factorial design (experimental planning), in order to establish and optimize the best complexation conditions. Acetate, chloride, and nitrate were counter-ions in the metal salts. The effects of temperature, time, and salt amount were evaluated during the complexation reactions using multivariate analysis, a set of mathematic methods capable of evaluating all system variables at once and, through this, temperature was found to be the most influential variable. Results for pH and conductivity provided evidence of complex formation between amylopectin and metal ions. In addition, small shifts in the vibrational frequency between the pure biopolymer and its metal complexes were detected using principal component analysis by interval (i-PCA, a multivariate analysis method), supporting the formation of complexes. The complexes formed with CuII and CrIII ions presented the best complexation yield (40.0 and 55.4%, respectively) with the biopolymer.
Stochastic differential equations in mathematical demography: a review

The use of stochastic differential equations in mathematical demography is reviewed. Such equations have been introduced in stochastic versions of the exponential and logistic growth models. Their recent use in the study of stochastic models of mortality is also examined.
Modding Neverwinter Nights Into Serious Games

Game Modification, or Modding, is a unique and valuable way of learning with digital games as well as a means to earn beginners’ stripes in the game design world. Beginners who emerge successful from a modding experience, having created at least one playable game, have stepped out of the comfort zone of being gamers, and shown the courage in taking on a real-world adventure. Their rewards are altogether different from having beaten the toughest boss in a game. A team of modders share a unique bond with one another as comrades, as members of a fellowship. It is an experience found, not in the retelling of ancient epics by others, but in the making of one’s own adventure. This chapter is an account of one such undertaking that shows the potential and value of game modding for education, Readers who are contemplating the use of game modding for creating serious games should find the chapter useful.
On the Aspects of BYT' and on the Position of the Periphrastic Imperfective Future in Contemporary Literary Russian

(1953). On the Aspects of BYT' and on the Position of the Periphrastic Imperfective Future in Contemporary Literary Russian. WORD: Vol. 9, Slavic Word No. 2, pp. 362-376.
The Irregularity Propagation Characteristics of Radio Signals For Wireless Sensor Network In Farmland

This work aims to investigate the irregular propagation characteristics of wireless sensor network (WSN) at frequency of 433 MHz. Through the analysis of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), it is found that the variance in received signal strength is largely random, along with a continuous change with incremental changes in direction. For the transceiver distance is 20 m, the packet loss rate (PLR) in all directions is relatively small except for the east direction, indicating that the signal is still strong in all directions. While for the transceiver distance is 40 m, it can be found that there is about 90% packet loss in the east direction. That is, the received signal strength in the east direction is lower than that in the other directions. Moreover, the communication range varies with the degree of receiver direction ranging from 0 to 359. Through the regression analysis in Matlab, we find that the optimal fitting models in different directions are different. The optimal fitting model in east and west direction is the modified exponential decay, and in south and north direction is the linear logarithmic model. The values of R2 vary from 0.935 to 0.961, and the values of RMSE range from 1.75 to 2.31.
Larval behaviour of the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus (Acari:Ixodidae): evaluation of CO2 (dry ice), and short- and long-range attractants by bioassay

ABSTRACTWe report that larvae of Dermacentor albipictus can detect CO2 from a dry ice source at distances up to 3.0 m and initiate increased activation, movement and questing behaviour. The maximum distance that larvae spread was ~0.5 m after 24 h, compared to 1.0 m and CO2 was required as a carrier. In Petri dish bioassays, larvae arrested into dense aggregations on eggshells collected after hatching. This arrestment was associated with the eggshell lipids cholesteryl oleate and cholesteryl palmitate, implying that cholesteryl esters act as assembly pheromones for larvae. Faster response was evident at 65% relative humidity (RH) versus 95% RH. Larvae were not arrested by tick excreta, guanine or related purines. Although ...
Filtering and fluxing processes for aluminum alloys

… two processes that have been developed for improving the quality of molten aluminum alloys before casting.
Designing β Cells

Diabetes is a growing epidemic, and many patients depend on insulin injections to control the disease and minimize long-term complications. In a recent manuscript published in Science, Xie et al. (2016) generate insulin-producing cells from a somatic embryonic kidney cell line through minimal genetic modification capable of regulating glucose levels in diabetic mice.
Barcoding PCR primers detect larval lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in diets of piscine predators

Population levels of recruitment are often affected by high rates of mortality during early life stages. Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), a regionally threatened species, experiences high rates of mortality during the larval stage, partially due to predation. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare relative rates of larval sturgeon predation by piscine predators in the upper Black River (Cheboygan County, MI, USA). A molecular barcoding assay was developed using lake sturgeon-specific primers that amplify a region of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I as an alternative to morphological analysis of gastrointestinal (GI) contents to quantify the presence or absence of larval fish collected from potential fish predators (353 specimens, 17 potential predator species). The assay was verified to be sturgeon-specific and sufficiently sensitive to amplify the low quantities of degraded DNA in GI samples. Lake sturgeon DNA was identified in 26 of 353 predator diet samples (7.34%) in 9 of 17 potential predator fish species present. There was a significant positive correlation between the numbers of predators that had consumed larval lake sturgeon and the number of samples from a predator species analyzed. No relationship between predation level and habitat type (sand or gravel substrate) was observed, though predator community composition varied between habitats. Genetic assays as described here can be used to investigate predator–prey dynamics affecting species of conservation interest during important life stages that may otherwise be under-represented in diet studies that rely solely on morphological analysis.
Tracking binding modes of 1,2,4-trisubstituted imidazolinone P38 MAP kinase and ERK-2 inhibitors

Putative binding modes of recently reported p38 MAP Kinase and ERK-2 inhibitors containing 1,2,4-tri-substituted imidazolinone have been investigated using molecular docking methods In the case of p38 MAP Kinase, X-ray structures with both DFG-in and DFG-out conformations of the activation loop have been employed for docking studies. The present investigations demonstrate that the DFG-out conformation of the activation loop in p38 MAP Kinase accommodates the 1,2,4-tri-substituted imidazolinones with greater computed binding affinities than the alternative DFG-in conformation. The best scoring binding modes in ERK-2 are distinctly different from those found in the p38 MAP Kinase structures. Both sets of binding modes are characterized by an extensive network of hydrophobic and π-cation interactions, with the hinge region showing little hydrogen bonding propensity with the top-ranked poses. Thus, these docking studies provide a putative pathway for lead optimizations in which hydrogen bonding interactions with the hinge region residues are feasible.
Undergraduate Academic Dishonesty: What Students Really Think is "Bad" Behavior

In school, we are taught that in order to properly analyze the best solution to a problem, one must first determine both the nature and the cause of the problem. As faculty, we know that academic dishonesty is a problem throughout not only our campuses, but rather all institutions of higher education. Perhaps the actual problem is not that students are dishonest in the generation of their coursework, but what if the problem lies deeper than that? What if the students' belief and value systems don't perceive their actions as wrong? What if the perception of using or not using technology makes these actions seem "less wrong"? Can we fight the new norms of society?
Predictors and Patterns of Psychiatric Treatment Dropout During Pregnancy Among Low-Income Women.

Objective This study compared psychiatric treatment discontinuation rates among pregnant women using psychotropic medications, outpatient psychotherapy, or both before conception. Methods Using data from Pennsylvania Medicaid Fee-For-Service and Managed Care Organization claims and Medicaid enrollment, 3030 women were identified who gave birth between 2007 and 2009, had ≥ 1 claim for psychiatric treatment during the 120 days prior to pregnancy, and were enrolled in Medicaid until they delivered. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to estimate psychiatric treatment dropout rate during pregnancy and examine relationships between treatment dropout and age, race/ethnicity, and pre-pregnancy psychiatric diagnosis and treatment pattern. Results After the first trimester, the probability of discontinuing psychotropic medications was 83 versus 37.8% for cessation of psychotherapy among combined treatment users. Two or more psychotherapy sessions in the 4 months prior to pregnancy were associated with decreased psychotherapy dropout during pregnancy. Psychotherapy during pregnancy was associated with prenatal psychotropic medication adherence. Conclusions To retain women in treatment during pregnancy, when discontinuation from care is common, innovative models of care should consider type of pre-pregnancy mental healthcare and individual characteristics.
Viewing Children’s Movement Through an Ecological Lens: Using the Interaction of Constraints to Design Positive Movement Experiences

Successful movement experiences for children should be carefully designed to ensure the highest chance of success, making it more likely that children will enjoy movement and engage in active play. The theory of constraints, from the ecological perspective of motor development, provides the guiding principles that allow teachers to match the most important characteristics of the child with the environment to help them design tasks so that desired movements are more likely to emerge. The constraints of a child which may influence movement may be physical such as size and strength measures of hands, arms and legs, but may also include functional measures such as fear, motivation, experience or peer pressure. The maturing of balance and coordination also influences movement possibilities. Matching individual constraints to equipment size and weight and adapting tasks accordingly will establish a climate for each child to achieve movement success. Therefore, constraints become an important factor for practitioners to consider in planning for active play opportunities.
Consumer perceptions of risk and required cost savings for generic prescription drugs.

Abstract Objective To examine consumer risk perceptions for generic prescription drugs used to treat different types of medical conditions, and to explore the relationship between risk perceptions and the amount of cost savings required before consumers would purchase the generic version of a prescription drug. Design Cross-sectional mail survey. Setting Metropolitan area in central Wisconsin. Participants Random sample of 500 consumers age 18 and older. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure Responses to 16 items on 8-page questionaire. None. Results The response rate was 71.4%. The percentage of respondents who perceived that generic prescription drugs were riskier than brand name products varied from 14.2% to 53.8%, depending on the medical condition being treated. Significantly larger cost savings were required for consumers to purchase generic prescription drugs with higher perceived risk. Conclusion Financial incentives to use generic prescription drugs may be successful, even for consumers who perceive generic drugs to be riskier than brand name prescription drugs. As the perceived level of risk increases, larger cost savings are required.
Paradigms in Fluorescence Molecular Imaging: Maximizing Measurement of Biological Changes in Disease, Therapeutic Efficacy, and Toxicology/Safety

Fluorescence molecular imaging (MI) is an important concept in preclinical research that focuses on the visualization of cellular and biological function in a non-invasive fashion to better understand in vivo disease processes and treatment effects. MI differs fundamentally from traditional preclinical imaging strategies in that it generally relies on reporter probes specific for particular targets or pathways that can be used to reveal biological changes in situ, at the site(s) of disease. In contrast, the more established imaging modalities, like magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray, micro X-ray computed tomography, and ultrasound, historically have relied primarily on late-stage anatomical or physiologic changes. The practical application of fluorescence MI, however, has drifted somewhat from the emphasis on quantifying biology, and based on the publication record, it now appears to include any imaging in which a probe or contrast agent is used to non-invasively acquire in vivo endpoint information. Unfortunately, the mere use of a defined biologically specific probe, in the absence of careful study design, does not guarantee that any useful biological information is actually gained, although often useful endpoint results still can be achieved. This review proposes to add subcategories of MI, termed MI biological assessment (or MIBA), that emphasize a focus on obtaining early and clear biological changes associated with disease development, therapeutic efficacy, and drug-induced tissue changes. Proper selection of probes and careful study design are critical for maximizing the non-invasive assessment of in vivo biological changes, and applications of these critical elements are described.
Successful treatment of atopic dermatitis with the JAK1 inhibitor oclacitinib.

We report the first case of atopic dermatitis successfully treated with the oral Janus kinase-1 (JAK1) inhibitor oclacitinib. A man in his 70s, with a 6-year history of skin disease refractory to t...
The Top-Level Design and Application of Active Distribution Network

The technology of active distribution network (ADN) is used to realize the complete consumption of large-scale intermittent energy in LV/MV level. As the advanced form of distribution network, ADN and the main network are complementary which is the crucial to build smart grid. However, the model of ADN is not standard around the world because of the different power grid design, different operation mode, different business process and so on. The Research and application of the ADN This paper discussed the top-level design of ADN which is used to guide the demonstration project construction and the ADN technology application in Guangdong power grid.
'All of the Blood and Treasure': The Founders on Christian Legal Society Chapter of the University of California, Hastings College of the Law v. Martinez

In June of 2010, the United States Supreme Court announced its opinion in Christian Legal Society Chapter of the University of California, Hastings College of the Law v. Martinez (CLS). While the terms “limited forum,” “viewpoint neutrality,” and “reasonable” pepper the majority opinion and concurrences by Justices Stevens and Kennedy, a serious and extended discussion of religious liberty in the context of the case is not to be found. Even Justice Alito‟s impassioned dissent, when discussing religion, relies on a First Amendment right to “expressive association,” rather than the religious elements of the amendment. Such an omission would have baffled those living in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century America, particularly those who assisted in writing and ratifying the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment. Those earlier Americans would have seen the issues in this case as directly involving the free exercise of religion and church-state relations. Following Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes‟s axiom that “a page of history is worth a volume of logic,” the views and actions of the nation‟s Founders and Americans of the Founding Era, as well as the Framers of the Fourteenth Amendment, shed much light on how the Court overlooked some of the most important issues in CLS, resulting in a misguided, even harmful decision.