cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All-optical plasmonic modulators and interconnects

We present experimental results and design guidelines for optical modulators and interconnects based on metallo-dielectric plasmonic structures. The short wavelengths and high field confinements of surface plasmon polaritons at the metal/dielectric interfaces allow for the manipulation and guidance of optical signals in very compact and power-efficient devices, amenable to ultra-large scale integration of onchip optical functionalities.
A genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization for hybrid fiber reinforced polymeric deck and cable system of cable-stayed bridges

As the length of main span of cable-stayed bridge increases, several technical challenges become more prevalent with traditional materials. Such technical challenges include: large axial stresses in main girders, cable sagging effect, and aerodynamic instability, consequently limiting the prospects of extending the span length of future cable-stayed bridges with traditional materials. In order to remedy these issues, we propose fiber reinforced polymeric (FRP) composites for the deck and cable system of cable-stayed bridges in combination with traditional materials. To use FRP composites most effectively, we developed a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization procedure to solve for the distribution of Glass FRP and concrete in the hybrid deck system, and the distribution of carbon FRP and steel in the hybrid cable system. This proposed optimization-based procedure aimed at developing two systems: (1) optimized hybrid Glass FRP-concrete deck system (OHDS), and (2) optimized Carbon FRP-steel cable system (OHCS), which can maximize static and aerodynamic performances concurrently. As an example, we utilized an existing long-span composite cable-stayed bridge and implemented these two systems. For a typical long span cable-stayed bridge, the results of this benchmark example provide insights about the typical composition of OHDS and OHCS and suggest that these two systems can concurrently improve the static and aerodynamic performances by 33 and 12 %, respectively.
Understanding the Semantic Links Among Heterogeneous Biological Data Sources

Availability of increasingly rich biological data has tremendous potential for discovering new knowledge that is mostly found via the links among data sources. The current simple ways of implementing these links do not explicitly represent their semantics, and therefore, fail to provide useful information. In order to facilitate knowledge discovery, we believe it is important to understand the semantics of biological data entities, including biological sequences and their structures, and more importantly, the types of links among these entities. With the links formally defined and labeled, operators based on these semantics can then be developed to aid the biologist in dynamically linking the data sources, which will greatly improve the opportunities for knowledge discovery.
Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Chalkbrood of the Leafcutting Bee

SummaryNine fungicides were tested for efficacy against chalkbrood (Ascosphaera aggregata) and for toxicity to larvae and prepupae of the leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata. Only Benlate at 1·0% active ingredient (a.i.) and carbendazim at 1·0 and 0·1% a.i. in the diet reduced the incidence of chalkbrood in larvae challenged with 105spores while exhibiting no toxic effects on larval or prepupal survival. Captan (Orthocide) was lethal at 1·0% a.i. and significantly reduced survival to prepupae at 0·1% without reducing the incidence of chalkbrood significantly. Captan at 0·1% a.i. also extended the number of days required for development of larvae to prepupae by over 40%.
The Massivity of the Square

(1971). The Massivity of the Square. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 4, pp. 376-378.
A Destructive Mycoparasite, Gliocladium Roseum

Gliocladium roseum was shown to be a destructive parasite on numerous other fungi. In fact, no fungus tested was immune to attack at all stages of development. In the present preliminary study the ...
ASSESSING SINKHOLE POTENTIAL AT WINK AND DAISETTA, TEXAS USING GRAVIMETRY AND RADAR INTERFEROMETRY

Large sinkholes (50 to 200 m in diameter) formed over Permian bedded salt near Wink in western Texas in June 1980 and May 2002 and on the flank of a salt dome at Daisetta, Texas in May 2008. Residents, government officials, and industry representatives would like to better understand the potential for sinkhole formation and growth. We are applying several geophysical methods to better understand sinkhole precursors and assess the potential for future sinkhole development. At Wink, limited data on vertical ground movement from standard surveying has been greatly extended by satellite-based radar interferometry, which we are using to delineate areas having recent movement and determine rates of movement. Results from interferometry are guiding acquisition of high-resolution gravity data, which has identified shallow-source mass deficits that indicate potential for continued subsidence or sinkhole formation. At Daisetta, we are using interferometry to determine whether vertical movement preceded sinkhole collapse and gravimetry to identify areas where shallow mass deficits exist across the salt dome. These initial data are helping to design a more comprehensive subsurface investigation and develop a monitoring program based on radar interferometry and geodetic GPS measurements.
Familial Factors, Cognitive Vulnerabilities, and Stressful Events Related to Depressive Symptoms in Latino Adolescents

This study examined familial factors unique to Latino adolescents within a cognitive vulnerability stress framework, in which negative patterns of thinking contribute to the development of depressi...
Physics-Based Circuit-Compatible SPICE Model for Ferroelectric Transistors

We present a SPICE model for ferroelectric transistors (FEFETs) based on time-dependent Landau–Khalatnikov equation solved self-consistently with the transistor equations. The model also considers depolarization fields due to non-ideal contacts. We experimentally characterize FE films to calibrate our model, based on which we analyze the device and circuit implications of FEFETs. We discuss the dependence of the ON current and gate capacitance of FEFETs on the FE thickness and FE material parameters. A ring oscillator analysis shows delay reduction up to 97% at iso-energy for FEFETs compared with MOSFETs at $V_{\mathrm{ DD}} V. FEFET-based SRAMs show 47%–68% larger read stability and 50%–57% lower access time, albeit with an increase in the write time.
Adolescent Exposure to Amphetamines and Vulnerability to Addiction

Abstract Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood that coincides with heightened vulnerability to dependence to amphetamines and other drugs of abuse. The ontogeny of adolescent-typical behaviors, cognition, and neurobiological characteristics appear to be responsible for conferring heightened vulnerability to drug dependence. Accumulating evidence suggests that adolescent exposure to amphetamines results in unique cognitive and neurobiological consequences compared to adult exposure, particularly when the withdrawal period following the last drug exposure is held constant. The current literature is limited due to its use of diverse age ranges for modeling adolescence, imprecise reporting of subject ages, and the frequent lack of adult comparison groups. To encourage forward progress in this field, we issue a call to action to implement more appropriate methodological practices and to widen the scope of inquiry.
‘A scene is just a marketing tool’: alternative income streams in porn’s gig economy

ABSTRACTDrawing from ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, this article explores the role of alternative income streams in the political economy of the US adult film industry. For many porn workers, film scenes function more as marketing tools – advertisements for workers’ other paid pursuits – than primary sources of income. They represent one way for performers to creatively manipulate the conditions of porn work in order to maximize earning potential, resist burnout by varying job tasks, and otherwise exert control over their work life. At the same time, alternative income streams help to maintain the current structuring of porn performance by sustaining a reserve army of labour motivated to perform even if pay and working conditions are poor. Finally, alternative income streams place workers in shifting positions as entrepreneurs, independent contractors, employees, contracted and freelance managers, and producers. This article considers what such relations tell us about the workings of class in the ...
Multichannel signal synthesis in free space

A two antennae, software controllable phased array was designed and fabricated to study the generation and transmission of short, nanosecond, nonperiodic pulses. This system allows transmitting a train of appropriately scaled and time-shifted bipolar signals to generate received signals with major frequency components adjustable from approximately 600 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The main components in the system include two digital to analog converters (DACs), two data pattern generators (DPG), and two power amplifiers which drive two TEM Horn antennas. The horn antennas are based on a Chebyshev taper design and a Microstrip-type balun is utilized for the transition from the coaxial feed. This approach yielded a reasonably flat frequency response in a wide range from 0.2 to 3 GHz. Thus far, 100 ps synchronization between channels was achieved, and signals of varying shape and amplitude have been received via the shifting and inverting of Gaussian input pulses defined by the user generated data input vectors. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the hardware used to generate the multichannel array, the ability to steer the signals and generate signals of varied frequency via superposition in free space.
How Long is Life? Comparing the Processes of Release for Life-Imprisoned Offenders in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden

In Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, offenders sentenced to life can be released conditionally from prison. Once they have served a legally specified minimum term behind bars, a court decides whether they qualify for release. Through comparative legal research, interviews with criminal justice professionals, and a questionnaire administered to those involved in the decision-making process, this study compares and contrasts how the release process functions in these three countries. Particular attention is paid to the nature of decision makers, the criteria they use to grant or deny release, and the amount of discretion they have in the release decision. The findings suggest that the release process exemplifies the traditionally strong role that judges have played in penal decision making in Scandinavia. The amount of discretion appears to be strongest in Finland and weakest in Sweden, where judges have increasingly been challenged to balance retributive against reintegrative goals of punishment in the release decision.
Vitamin D in inflammation mitigation and role as signaling molecule

Abstract Vitamin D (25(OH)D3 and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), is known to play role in calcium uptake, bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and the regulation of cell proliferation, among a litany of other functions. If serum level of this vitamin falls below 30-40 ng/mL, its deficiency can occur, predisposing the individual to cancers, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune conditions, and infections. Consequently, the antiproliferative, antifibrotic, immunomodulatory, and anti-estrogenic significance of this vital vitamin is emerging. In this regard, the endocrine functions of vitamin D have been discussed. Vitamin D has innate response to infection but it can prevent the overelaboration of inflammatory adaptive immunity as well. Maintaining right vitamin D level by sensible lifestyle can reduce enormous public health burden.
Differences Between Faculty and Students Perception of Recruitment Techniques That Influence Students to Attend Four-Year Automotive Programs

There are few occupations that the growth of technology has not affected or influenced in some way. Automotive technology is an occupation that has been, and will continue to be, affected by changing technology and industry standards. Current automobiles are a challenge to repair because of this advanced technology, but the future automobile will be even more complicated (Riley, 1995). This advanced and continuously evolving technology will require automotive technicians to have greater skills and knowledge in the areas of both repair and maintenance. Individuals working in the area of service management also need advanced knowledge and skills to deal with the changes brought about by technology. Service managers and technicians with advanced automotive technical skills are in demand, and it is anticipated that the need will even be greater in the future (Cornish, 1996;Frisbee, 1997). A tremendous growth within the automotive industry is expected during the next 10-25 years. Findings by Cornish and Riley indicate that change in this industry will be unprecedented and the rate of global change will continue to accelerate. Frisbee stated that universities currently need increased enrollment within four-year automotive programs to prepare enough individuals to meet the future needs. Effective recruitment of students is one method to increase enrollment within these programs.Baldridge, Kemerer, and Green (1982)found that university faculty are a key component in the enrollment process of which recruitment is a valuable and necessary part.Astone and Nunez-Wormack (1991)concurred with Baldridge et. al and stated recruitment of students should engage all constituencies of the college including the faculty.
Introduction: privacy, trust, and identity management

Part III of the PRIME Book is dedicated to an in-depth discussion of the technological side of the PRIME project. Part III is structured such that the current chapter gives an introduction to this part of the book and the concept of trust which is foundational to PRIME and its choices of technology. The technical discussions start with a discussion on architectural aspects with the focus on a privacy-enhancing architecture describing how different privacy technologies can be integrated into a system for an improved protection of the privacy of users in Chapter 9. The discussions on the architectural aspects are followed with elaborations on relevant technologies that are described in detail following the chapter on the architecture aspects. The detailed structure of Part III is presented further below in Section 8.2.
Gamma oscillations as a biomarker for major depression: an emerging topic.

Identifying biomarkers for major depression is of high importance for improving diagnosis and treatment of this common and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder, as the field seeks to move toward both personalized and more effective treatments. Here we focus on electroencephalography (EEG) or direct scalp voltage recordings as such a biomarker, with an emphasis on gamma and high gamma oscillations (or “rhythms”). In the last several decades, alpha and theta band rhythms have been found to provide information on depressive state as well as recovery, but the gamma band is less well characterized with respect to depression. We summarize some key findings on gamma rhythms (especially their amplitude) as a biomarker or endophenotype for major depression. These studies suggest: (1) under certain conditions gamma rhythms can distinguish subjects with major depression from healthy controls, (2) gamma may distinguish bipolar disorder from unipolar depression, (3) various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that counteract depression also alter gamma, (4) animal models of depression-like behavior show gamma abnormalities, with changes in gamma associated with therapeutic recovery. The most informative approaches in the future may combine profiles of gamma band power across the brain to assess ratios of activity across regions. Overall we have good evidence to suggest that gamma rhythms may provide objective information on major depressive disease status, but we will need further work to better define the precise measures to follow.
Hydronic heated pavement system performance using a solar water heating system with heat pipe evacuated tube solar collectors

Abstract In this paper, a solar water heating system (SWHS) with heat-pipe evacuated tube collectors (HP-ETC) is experimentally evaluated as a hydronic heated pavement system heat source. Outdoor testing in Fayetteville, Arkansas was performed over the 2017–2018 winter season. The data collected in this study were used to evaluate pavement heating and snow-melting performance. A dual automated thermostat heating system was incorporated to (1) control pavement heating operation to maintain an anti-icing surface temperature (2 °C), and (2) control direct fluid heat transfer from the HP-ETC to the storage tank. Results showed that the SWHS with HP-ETC provided adequate thermal energy to maintain two 3.05 m × 1.22 m × 0.13 m concrete slab surfaces above freezing temperature. During a 6 h man-made snowfall test, the pavement maintained a snow-free surface. The maximum storage tank fluid temperature recorded was 74.0 °C during the test period. In clear sky conditions, the HP-ETC collected an average daily power of 2.7 kW.
A 65-nm CMOS 3.2-to-86 Mb/s 2.58 pJ/bit Highly Digital True-Random-Number Generator With Integrated De-Correlation and Bias Correction

This letter presents a highly digital, technology scalable, and energy-efficient cryptographic-quality true random number generator (TRNG). The proposed architecture presents a balanced approach to TRNG design, relying on a simpler, noncryptographic quality physical random number generator ( phy RNG) combined with energy-efficient integrated post-processing to de-correlate and de-bias the phy RNG bitstream. Operating at a supply voltage ( ${V}_{\text {dd}})$ of 0.53 V, a 65-nm CMOS prototype of the TRNG achieves a peak energy-efficiency of 2.58 pJ/bit. TRNG bitstreams pass all NIST randomness benchmarks over a ${V}_{\text {dd}}$ range of 0.5–1.05 V across −20 °C–100 °C, demonstrating its efficacy and robust operation over a wide ${V}_{\text {dd}}$ and temperature range.
Association Between Age and Familial Risk for Alcoholism on Functional Connectivity in Adolescence

Objective Youth with a family history of alcohol use disorder (family history positive [FHP]) are at increased risk for developing maladaptive substance use relative to family history negative (FHN) peers. Building on earlier studies demonstrating morphological differences and distinct patterns of neural activation in FHP, the purpose of the present study was to investigate differential intrinsic functional connectivity among brain networks indexing premorbid risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). Method The current study examined intrinsic functional connectivity using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 191 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age with and without family history of AUD via independent component analysis, a method enabling data-driven investigation of internetwork and intranetwork connectivity among brain regions at rest. Results Analyses revealed significantly lower intranetwork connectivity in FHP compared to FHN participants between the dorsal premotor cortex and other sensorimotor network regions. Reduced intranetwork connectivity in this region was further correlated with the number of biological family members with AUD and mood disorders. Robust differences were also evident in internetwork connectivity as a function of age. However, there was no evidence for family history by age interactions. Conclusion Intra- but not internetwork connectivity appears to differentiate FHP and FHN adolescents, whereas age differences within adolescence are marked by differences in internetwork connectivity.
Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks for Organic Pollutant Adsorption

The rapid expansion of manufacturing and the industrialization of agriculture during the 20th century pervaded surface and groundwater sources with organic contaminants including agrochemicals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Efficient purification of these water sources is critical to safeguard human health and Earth’s ecosystems. Of the numerous strategies investigated for water purification, adsorption has received the most attention; however, the ability to design a sorbent with high uptake capacity and selectivity for a single pollutant continues to elude researchers. The precise synthetic control over chemical functionality offered by metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) make them ideal scaffolds for the systematic investigation of selectivity-enhancing binding interactions. Herein, we review the recent reports on the use of water-stable zirconium-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) to extract organic pollutants from water and briefly discuss the field’s future directions.
Normal mode analysis of 3D incompressible viscous fluid flow models.

In this paper, we study the normal mode solutions of 3D incompressible viscous fluid flow models. The obtained theoretical results are then applied to analyze several time-stepping schemes for the ...
Widowmaker Right Coronary Artery Treated With Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation.

AbstractWe present a case of a single coronary artery system arising from the right sinus of Valsalva found to have an obstructive mid-vessel lesion with functional evidence of ischemia on stress t...
Learning occupants’ indoor comfort temperature through a Bayesian inference approach for office buildings in United States

Abstract A carefully chosen indoor comfort temperature as the thermostat set-point is the key to optimizing building energy use and occupants’ comfort and well-being. ASHRAE Standard 55 or ISO Standard 7730 uses the PMV-PPD model or the adaptive comfort model that is based on small-sized or outdated sample data, which raises questions on whether and how ranges of occupant thermal comfort temperature should be revised using more recent larger-sized dataset. In this paper, a Bayesian inference approach has been used to derive new occupant comfort temperature ranges for U.S. office buildings using the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database. Bayesian inference can express uncertainty and incorporate prior knowledge. The comfort temperatures were found to be higher and less variable at cooling mode than at heating mode, and with significant overlapped variation ranges between the two modes. The comfort operative temperature of occupants varies between 21.9 and 25.4 °C for the cooling mode with a median of 23.7 °C, and between 20.5 and 24.9 °C for the heating mode with a median of 22.7 °C. These comfort temperature ranges are similar to the current ASHRAE standard 55 in the heating mode but 2–3 °C lower in the cooling mode. The results of this study could be adopted as more realistic thermostat set-points in building design, operation, control optimization, energy performance analysis, and policymaking.
Cyril Ramaphosa: The Path to Presidential Power: by Anthony Butler, Auckland Park & Woodbridge, Jacana and James Currey, 2019 [3rd ed.], 592 pp.

Anthony Butler has augmented his earlier editions (2007, 2013) of this seminal, readable biography, adding 130 pages more on Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa’s years as Jacob Zuma’s deputy from 2014 and hi...
Economic Empowerment and Tolerance of Domestic Violence Among Married Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

We evaluated whether markers of economic empowerment are associated with a tolerant attitude toward spousal physical violence (SPV) among employed married women in Nigeria. Cross-sectional analyses...
Genomic data imputation with variational auto-encoders

Background As missing values are frequently present in genomic data, practical methods to handle missing data are necessary for downstream analyses that require complete data sets. State-of-the-art imputation techniques, including methods based on singular value decomposition and K-nearest neighbors, can be computationally expensive for large data sets and it is difficult to modify these algorithms to handle certain cases not missing at random. Results In this work, we use a deep-learning framework based on the variational auto-encoder (VAE) for genomic missing value imputation and demonstrate its effectiveness in transcriptome and methylome data analysis. We show that in the vast majority of our testing scenarios, VAE achieves similar or better performances than the most widely used imputation standards, while having a computational advantage at evaluation time. When dealing with data missing not at random (e.g., few values are missing), we develop simple yet effective methodologies to leverage the prior knowledge about missing data. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of varying latent space regularization strength in VAE on the imputation performances and, in this context, show why VAE has a better imputation capacity compared to a regular deterministic auto-encoder. Conclusions We describe a deep learning imputation framework for transcriptome and methylome data using a VAE and show that it can be a preferable alternative to traditional methods for data imputation, especially in the setting of large-scale data and certain missing-not-at-random scenarios.
Role of sialylation in prion disease pathogenesis and prion structure

Mammalian prion or PrPSc is a proteinaceous infectious agent that consists of a misfolded, self-replicating state of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC. Sialylation of the prion protein, a terminal modification of N-linked glycans, was discovered more than 30 years ago, yet the role of sialylation in prion pathogenesis is not well understood. This chapter summarizes current knowledge on the role of sialylation of the prion protein in prion diseases. First, we discuss recent data suggesting that sialylation of PrPSc N-linked glycans determines the fate of prion infection in an organism and control prion lymphotropism. Second, emerging evidence pointing out at the role N-glycans in neuroinflammation are discussed. Thirds, this chapter reviews a mechanism postulating that sialylated N-linked glycans are important players in defining strain-specific structures. A new hypothesis according to which individual strain-specific PrPSc structures govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms is discussed. Finally, this chapter explain how N-glycan sialylation control the prion replication and strain interference. In summary, comprehensive review of our knowledge on N-linked glycans and their sialylation provided in this chapter helps to answer important questions of prion biology that have been puzzling for years.
Biodegradable thermoresponsive polymers: Applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering

Abstract Thermoresponsive polymers have been investigated for a variety of clinical applications which make use of in situ gelation at physiological temperatures. However, for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering, thermoresponsive behavior and tunability must be balanced with biocompatibility and degradation kinetics. Significant research regarding polymer blends and copolymers has been conducted to modulate key characteristics of thermoresponsive polymers, including degradation kinetics and mechanical properties. Additionally, cell sheets, injectable materials, 3D-printed scaffolds, and nanomaterials have been fabricated which harness the thermoresponsive features of such polymers for enhanced control of bioactive molecule delivery and tissue regeneration. This perspective thus highlights important considerations for thermoresponsive hydrogels in tissue engineering and drug delivery, discusses several commonly explored natural and synthetic thermoresponsive polymers, and provides examples of advanced processing and fabrication techniques using thermoresponsive polymers for biomedical applications.
Sustained Response to Selinexor-Based Therapy for Triple-Class Refractory Multiple Myeloma with Early Relapse After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Clinical Practice Points • Selinexor may be active even in the dire situation of early relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. • Selinexor retains activity in patients who are proteasome, immunomodulatory drug, and daratumumab refractory. • Selinexor has the potential to be combined effectively with multiple standard anti-myeloma agents, including carfilzomib.
Effects of Prescribed Fire on Site Occupancy of Allegheny Woodrats (Neotoma magister) in a Mixed-Oak Forest in South-Central Pennsylvania

Prescribed fire has increasingly been used to manage and restore eastern oak (Quercus spp.) forests. Fire has the potential to influence habitat use by forest-dwelling small mammals, including species of conservation concern such as the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister). Thus, an understanding of how Allegheny woodrats respond to habitat changes caused by fire is of increasing importance. We investigated the effects of prescribed fire on a population of Allegheny woodrats in a mixed-oak forest in south-central Pennsylvania. We surveyed 18 rock outcrops for Allegheny woodrats using remote game cameras in September–October 2019. We fit single-season occupancy models in Program PRESENCE to examine the effects of site covariates related to burn history (burned or unburned) and burn frequency (number of burns), topography, and vegetation structure and composition on occupancy (Ψ) of Allegheny woodrats while accounting for imperfect detection (p). In 252 camera trap-nights, we recorded 356 detections of Allegheny woodrats at 50% of sites surveyed. Top-ranked occupancy models (ΔAICc ≤ 2) indicated that Allegheny woodrat occupancy was positively related to burn frequency, overstory tree species richness, and elevation; however, the effects of these covariates were not significant. Our results suggest that low-intensity prescribed fire implemented at moderate (3–5 y) return intervals in oak forests is unlikely to impact Allegheny woodrat populations, but the effects of more frequent and intense fires remain unknown. Additional studies are needed to determine how Allegheny woodrats respond to post-fire vegetation regrowth and recovery over time.
Revuelta social y archivo visual en el Chile actual

La revuelta de octubre 2019 en Chile ha estado acompanada por una gran diversidad de colectivos y agrupaciones artisticas que han salido a la calle para expresarse estetica y politicamente mediante performances, grafitis y arte callejero, dando visibilidad y voz a sectores sociales que antes habian estado excluidos e invisibilizados. El movimiento feminista y su propia revuelta en mayo del 2018 ha sido uno de los pilares mas importantes en el estallido social, ampliando su convocatoria a grandes sectores de la sociedad que han experimentado la precarizacion, la falta de derechos y el abuso. El arte feminista tambien ha dejado su marca en las diversas expresiones esteticas de la revuelta de octubre que hoy cubren las paredes de Santiago y otras ciudades, plazas y monumentos a lo largo del pais.
Effect of exchange-correlation functional type and spin-orbit coupling on thermoelectric properties of ZrTe2

Abstract Zirconium ditelluride is a layered two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide and a topological Dirac semimetal. Due to the presence of heavy elements which lead to lower phonon frequencies and thus lower thermal conductivity, and have enhanced spin-orbit coupling, leading to topological properties, we investigate the potential of semi-metallic ZrTe2 for thermoelectric applications. Furthermore, given its anisotropic structure, the in-plane and cross-plane transport properties are probed in order to understand which direction is favorable for better thermoelectric properties. In this work, we study the effect of different exchange-correlation (XC) functionals on the electronic band structure of ZrTe2. We show that band structure and specifically the bandgap is extremely sensitive to the choice of the XC functional and the inclusion of the spin-orbit interaction in the model. As a result, the electronic and thermoelectric properties are also significantly affected. As expected, the hybrid functional HSE ​+ ​SOC yields the closest bandgap to the experiment. The Seebeck coefficient of the studied structure is small due to the overlap of the bands. We show that strain can lower the overlap of the bands but cannot open a gap and improve thermoelectric properties.
Heat Transfer Testing of Thermal-Magnetic Circuit Breakers

The forensic engineering investigation of a fire will include the post-fire examination of electrical panelboards and circuit breakers if such equipment is available on the premises and survives the fire. Post-fire circuit breakers may be found in the on, off, tripped, or unknown position. It is sometimes assumed by investigators that a tripped circuit breaker is the result of an overcurrent condition either before or during the fire. Sometimes the tripped (or untripped) circuit breaker is used to prove or disprove theories about the cause of the fire. Since thermal-magnetic circuit breakers employ thermal sensors, it should be possible for the heat from a fire to be transferred by convection, conduction, and radiation into a circuit breaker and cause it to trip in the absence of an overcurrent condition. It should also be possible for the heat from a fire to shift the circuit breaker time-current characteristic curve and cause the circuit breaker to trip at reduced currents. The question then becomes, at what ambient temperature will the circuit breaker be expected to trip? Also, can the heat from a nearby fire be conducted by the metallic circuit conductors into a circuit breaker and cause, or assist it to trip? If so, what fire conditions are required to cause the circuit breaker to trip? This paper reviews the operating principle of thermal-magnetic circuit breakers, describes a series of heat transfer tests conducted on nine circuit breakers of various ratings and from various manufacturers, presents the results of the tests in graphical form, and discusses the potential impact of conduction and convection heat transfer on circuit breaker performance during fires.
Abstract T MP42: The Use of Voxel-Based Lesion Symptom Mapping to Relate Lesion Location to Motor Performance in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Background and Purpose: We used voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) to determine the relationship between lesion location and performance on upper extremity behavioral outcome measures post-stroke. We hypothesized that a lesion within the upper extremity region of the primary motor cortex would correlate with poorer hand motor outcome measures. Methods: Thirty-six chronic stroke survivors with upper extremity motor deficits who underwent 3 weeks of hand/wrist robotic therapy were included in the study. Behavioral motor outcome measures included: Fugl-Meyer Arm (FMA) Test, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and Box & Blocks Test (BB). Anatomical imaging included a high-resolution T1-weighted volumetric scan and a T2-weighted scan. Lesioned areas were manually traced using MRIcron; stroke masks were flipped to left and binarized. All of the subjects’ T1-weighted images were transformed to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standardized stereotaxic space. Data were analyzed using the non-parametric mapping (NPM) software package in MRIcron with the Brunner-Munzel test set at 1,000 permutations and a 10% threshold. The threshold for the overlap between low behavioral scores and related brain regions was set at α= 0.01. Results: Lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus and underlying white matter and the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) correlated with poorer motor outcomes on the FMA and ARAT, indicating a degree of anatomical overlap between impairment and activity levels of upper extremity motor performance. Lesions of the premotor area also correlated with poorer ARAT outcomes, whereas lesions of the middle frontal gyrus and underlying white matter correlated with poorer performance on the BB, reflecting the role that motor planning plays in those activities. Conclusions: Voxel-Based Symptom Mapping adds a new dimension in clarifying the specific lesion location associated with dexterous motor function post-stroke. Activity vs. impairment deficits relate to lesions in anatomical areas involved in motor planning vs. those involved in movement execution.
Chapter 20: Hereditary Human Diseases Caused by Connexin Mutations

Publisher Summary The connexins comprise a family of homologous integral membrane proteins that form channels providing a low resistance pathway for the diffusion of small ions and nonelectrolytes between coupled cells. These channels, generally occurring in clusters that constitute gap junctions, provide an important pathway for intercellular signaling in many tissues. The connexin family contains at least 16 genes, and mutations in five of them have now been shown to be responsible for hereditary human diseases. Thus, connexins join the company of channel-forming proteins, that when mutated cause disease. Mutations in each of the connexin genes will ultimately be found to reduce fitness, to cause a disease, or to lead to embryonic lethality. This chapter discusses disease-causing mutations in connexin genes: mutations in the Cx26 gene cause nonsyndromic deafness; mutations in the Cx31 gene cause erythrokeratodermia or nonsyndromic deafness; mutations in the gene encoding Cx32 lead to a peripheral neuropathy, the X-linked form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX); and mutations in the Cx46 and Cx50 genes lead to hereditary cataracts. This chapter describes the clinical manifestations of inherited gap junction diseases in humans and comments on the possible molecular and cellular bases for the pathophysiology of these disorders.
The Effects of Housing Push Factors and Rent Expectations on Household Formation of Young Adults

Following a group of young adults aged 25-34 living with their parents in the American Housing Survey (AHS) data from 1985 through 1995, this paper investigates the effect of overcrowding and neigh...
3D Image Segmentation of Deformable Objects with Shape-Appearance Joint Prior Models

We propose a novel method for 3D image segmentation, where a Bayesian formulation, based on joint prior knowledge of the shape and the image gray levels, along with information derived from the input image, is employed. Our method is motivated by the observation that the shape of the object and the gray level variation in an image have consistent relations that provide configurations and context that aid in segmentation. We define a Maximum A Posteriori(MAP) estimation model using the joint prior information of the shape and image gray levels to realize image segmentation. We introduce a representation for the joint density function of the object and the image gray level values, and define joint probability distribution over the variations of object shape and the gray levels contained in a set of training images. By estimating the MAP shape of the object, we formulate the shape-appearance model in terms of level set function as opposed to landmark points of the shape. We found the algorithm to be robust to noise, able to handle multidimensional data, and avoiding the need for point correspondences during the training phase. Results and validation from various experiments on 2D/3D medical images are demonstrated.
"Adiós Ríos, adiós Fontes": Rosalía de Castro y los Gallegos de Cuba

El articulo explora el tema de la masiva emigracion gallega a Cuba a finales del siglo XIX y su tratamiento en la poesia de Rosalia de Castro (1837-1885), particularmente en sus dos colecciones escritas en lengua gallega: Cantares gallegos (1863) y Follas novas (1880), en las que la poeta denuncia la situacion de abandono del campo gallego y el estado de pobreza extrema en que se encuentran los que quedan, mayoritariamente mujeres y ninos.
Abstract 5589: Age-stratified risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma

Background: Estimates of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma that utilize age-stratification are lacking. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort of 2075 patients that had undergone myomectomy was evaluated to determine the case incidence of unexpected uterine sarcoma. An aggregate risk estimate was generated using a meta-analysis of similar studies plus our cohort. Database-derived age distributions of the incidence rates of uterine sarcoma and uterine leiomyoma surgery were used to stratify risk by age. Results: Of 2075 patients in our cohort, six were diagnosed with uterine sarcoma. Our meta-analysis revealed 8 studies from 1980-2014. Combined with our cohort, there are 18 cases of leiomyosarcoma reported in 10120 patients, for an aggregate risk of 1.78 per 1000 [95% CI: 1.1-2.8], or 1 in 562. There are 8 cases of other uterine sarcomas reported in 6889 patients, for an aggregate risk of 1.16 per 1000 [95% CI: 0.5-4.9], or 1 in 861. The summation of these risks gives an overall risk of uterine sarcoma of 2.94 per 1000 [95% CI: 1.8-4.1], or 1 in 340. After stratification by age, we predict the risk of uterine sarcoma to range from a peak of 10.1 cases per 1000, or 1 in 98, for age 75-79 to less than 1 case per 500 for age Conclusion: The risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma varies significantly across age groups. Our age-stratified predictive model should be incorporated to more accurately counsel patients and to assist in providing guidelines for surgical technique for leiomyoma. Citation Format: Andrew S. Brohl, Li Li, Vaagn Andikyan, Angela Cioffi, Joel T. Dudley, Andrew Kasarskis, Robert G. Maki. Age-stratified risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5589. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5589
Transcriptional regulation of SSA3, an HSP70 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The SSA3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a member of the HSP70 multigene family, is expressed at low levels under optimal growth conditions and is dramatically induced in response to heat shock. Sequences coinciding with two overlapping heat shock elements, located 156 base pairs upstream of the transcribed region, were necessary and sufficient for regulation of heat induction. The SSA3 promoter was also activated in an ssa1ssa2 double-mutant strain. This increase in the expression of SSA3 was mediated via the same upstream activating sequences that activated transcription in response to heat shock.
Free ammonia inhibition of algal photosynthesis in intensive cultures.

The effect of free NH3 inhibition on short-term photosynthesis was investigated in three microalgal species: the freshwater chlorophyte Scenedesmus obliquus, the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the marine chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta. By performing a series of assays at various concentrations of added NH4Cl and culture pH, we demonstrated that the inhibitory compound was free NH3 and that pH played no role in determining the magnitude of inhibition, other than in establishing the degree of dissociation of nontoxic NH4+ to toxic NH3. When corrections were made for pH, all three species displayed the same sigmoidal response curve to free NH3 concentration; 1.2 mM NH3 led to 50% reduction in photoassimilation of 14C. Based on literature values, some marine phytoplankton appear to be significantly more sensitive to free NH3 than were the test species, which are noted for their excellent growth characteristics. However, the combination of low algal biomass and strong pH buffering commonly found in most marine and many freshwater environments probably limits the possibilities for NH3 toxicity to low alkalinity freshwaters and intensive algal cultures in which NH4+ is the main source of N. Such conditions occur commonly in algal wastewater treatment systems.
Enabling online geospatial isotopic model development and analysis

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the amount of environmental data collected over large spatial and temporal scales. It presents unprecedented opportunities for new scientific discovery, while in the same time poses significant challenges to the research community on how to effectively identify and integrate these datasets into their research models and tools. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of IsoMAP - a gateway for Isoscapes (isotopic landscapes) modeling, analysis and prediction. IsoMAP provides an online workspace that helps researchers access and integrate a number of disparate and diverse datasets, develop Isoscapes models over selected spatio-temporal domains using geo-statistical algorithms, and predict maps for the stable isotope ratios of water, plants, and soils. The IsoMAP system leverages the computation resources available on the TeraGrid to perform geospatial data operations and geostatistical model calculations. It builds on a variety of open source technologies for GIS, geospatial data management and processing, grid computing, and gateway development. The system was successfully used to teach a tutorial in the 2011 conference on the Roles of Stable Isotopes in Water Cycle Research. A post-tutorial survey was conducted. We review the users' feedback and present a future development plan based on that.
Ab initio phase determination and phase extension using non-crystallographic symmetry

Non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) can be used to improve, extend or find ab initio phases to be associated with a set of observed structure amplitudes, resulting in an interpretable electron-density map. The simplest application is merely to improve the accuracy of the phases by cyclically averaging the electron density, Fourier back-transformation of the modified map, and recomputing a new map with the newly found phases. The first sophistication of this procedure is to phase extend, in successive small steps, the currently available phase information to higher resolution, where only observed amplitudes were previously available. A further sophistication is to initiate the phase extension from very low resolution where a simple geometric model, or an electron microscope image, would be consistent with the chosen resolution. A number of recent examples of virus structure determination exist where such ab initio phasing was successful. The ultimate ab initio phase determination would be to extend phases given only an estimate of the F(000) term.
Medications and cardiovascular health in older adults: room for improvement in prevention and treatment.

While cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in older adults, treatments are now available that are associated with significant improvements in both morbidity and mortality. The Cardiovascular Health Study trials of drug use in older adults reviewed here show that in a racially and geographically diverse cohort of community-dwelling elders, effective treatments were underused during the 1990s. Most participants with hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure did not receive therapies known to reduce morbidity and mortality, and when treatment was initiated, those at highest risk were no more likely to start treatment than those at lower risk. The use of drugs with evidence of efficacy in the prevention of stroke and congestive heart failure in hypertensive participants decreased with time, and control of hypertension and hyperlipidemia were particularly low in diabetics. The impact of this undertreatment on older persons and on society is likely to be substantial.