cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskites

An electrochemical/chemical route is introduced to deposit both textured and epitaxial films of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskites. The perovskite films are produced by chemical conversion of lead dioxide films that have been electrodeposited as either textured or epitaxial films onto [111]-textured Au and [100] and [111] single-crystal Au substrates. The epitaxial relationships for the MAPbI3 films are MAPbI3(001)[010]∥PbO2(100)⟨001⟩ and MAPbI3(110)[111]∥PbO2(100)⟨001⟩ regardless of the Au substrate orientation, because the in-plane order of the converted film is controlled by the epitaxial PbO2 precursor film. The textured and epitaxial MAPbI3 films both have trap densities lower than and photoluminescence intensities higher than those of polycrystalline films produced by spin coating.
Continuum-atomistic simulation of picosecond laser heating of copper with electron heat capacity from ab initio calculation

Abstract On the basis of ab initio quantum mechanics (QM) calculation, the obtained electron heat capacity is implemented into energy equation of electron subsystem in two temperature model (TTM). Upon laser irradiation on the copper film, energy transfer from the electron subsystem to the lattice subsystem is modeled by including the electron–phonon coupling factor in molecular dynamics (MD) and TTM coupled simulation. The results show temperature and thermal melting difference between the QM-MD-TTM integrated simulation and pure MD-TTM coupled simulation. The successful construction of the QM-MD-TTM integrated simulation provides a general way that is accessible to other metals in laser heating.
New Life for the 'Criteria Tests' in State Constitutional Jurisprducence: Gunwall is Dead - Long Live Gunwall

Outlines the develoment of state constitutional jurisprudence in Washington State between 1986 and 2006. Provides a general theory of state constitutional analysis, and recommends retention of the "creteria" approach to application of state constitutions, primarily as an interpretive tool.
Elastic free-standing RTIL composite membranes for CO2/N2 separation based on sphere-forming triblock/diblock copolymer blends

Abstract Solvent-free, melt-state self-assembly of sphere-forming polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer/polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SO/SOS) blends was used to produce free-standing, room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) composite membranes with excellent mechanical properties and CO2/N2 separation performance. Membranes were prepared from vitrified SO/SOS diblock/triblock melts by swelling to greater than 94 wt% 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][TFSI]) ionic liquid. These free-standing composite membranes were evaluated for their CO2/N2 separation performance over a range of transmembrane pressures (26-413 kPa), with results traversing the 2008 Robeson upper bound. Even with such high loadings of neat [EMIM][TFSI], these membranes exhibit the mechanical properties of solid elastomers, evident by the ultimate tensile strength of 250 kPa and the compressive modulus at 40% strain of 348 kPa for the membranes with 46% triblock copolymer content (SOS46). Cyclic loading and unloading in both tension and compression revealed reversible elasticity, with no mechanical property degradation or permanent hysteresis detected. For each composition studied, membrane failure occurred at uniaxial extension ratios of 3.8. The CO2 permeability performance of these membranes was stable for 28 days of testing with no detectable RTIL leakage. Transmembrane pressures exceeding 400 kPa could be accommodated, with cyclic application of transmembrane pressure differentials at 230 kPa producing neither plastic deformation nor diminished performance in gas separations. Such behavior is intimately tied to the highly distensible and elastic nature of the melt-assembled diblock/triblock network underpinning this RTIL-based composite membrane design.
Multiparametric MRI of Epiphyseal Cartilage Necrosis (Osteochondrosis) with Histological Validation in a Goat Model.

Purpose To evaluate multiple MRI parameters in a surgical model of osteochondrosis (OC) in goats.
Political Unrest, Time-Varying Risk, and Macroeconomic Activity

We provide a novel method to identify and estimate shocks to higher-order moments of business cycles, by exploiting the uncertainty associated with episodes of political unrest. Unrest episodes are usually lengthy periods during which the growth rates of macroeconomic activities are lower on average, significantly more volatile and more negatively skewed. We augment and calibrate a standard small-open-economy real business cycles model with Markov switching to the estimated moments. The model shows that increased negative skewness plays an important role in explaining the observed average decline in economic activities, and has a similar effect as an increase in the probability of a rare disaster. JEL classifications: E27, E32, F41, O11, O43.
Comprehensive RNA Polymerase II Interactomes Reveal Distinct and Varied Roles for Each Phospho-CTD Residue

Transcription controls splicing and other gene regulatory processes, yet mechanisms remain obscure due to our fragmented knowledge of the molecular connections between the dynamically phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD) and regulatory factors. By systematically isolating phosphorylation states of the CTD heptapeptide repeat (Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7), we identify hundreds of protein factors that are differentially enriched, revealing unappreciated connections between the Pol II CTD and co-transcriptional processes. These data uncover a role for threonine-4 in 3' end processing through control of the transition between cleavage and termination. Furthermore, serine-5 phosphorylation seeds spliceosomal assembly immediately downstream of 3' splice sites through a direct interaction with spliceosomal subcomplex U1. Strikingly, threonine-4 phosphorylation also impacts splicing by serving as a mark of co-transcriptional spliceosome release and ensuring efficient post-transcriptional splicing genome-wide. Thus, comprehensive Pol II interactomes identify the complex and functional connections between transcription machinery and other gene regulatory complexes.
Identification of novel biologic targets in the treatment of newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

Overview:Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) carry an extremely poor prognosis. Standard practice has been to base the diagnosis on classic imaging and clinical characteristics and to treat w...
The integration and convergence of medical and information technologies

Abstract The promise of advanced technology to transform health care via improved healthcare information technology (HIT) is underway. As more technology is integrated into clinical practice, efforts to optimize the clinician work environment and provide better quality care have been shown. HIT, specifically the electronic healthcare record (EHR), plays a larger and larger role every year in bringing together and communicating the results of these advances to clinicians and their patients. Hospitals that have reached the advanced stages of EHR adoption have implemented several applications to advance healthcare IT, typically including the integration of data from medical devices into the EHR.
SURVEY OF CASES AND CONTROVERSIES July 1, 1967–June 30, 1968

(1968). SURVEY OF CASES AND CONTROVERSIES July 1, 1967–June 30, 1968. Speech Association of America: Committee on Freedom of Speech - Yearbook: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 7-12.
Reframing Westernized culture: insights from a Critical Friends Group on EcoJustice education

AbstractIn this article I report the findings of an intrinsic case study involving seven ecologically minded teachers who participated in a Critical Friends Group (CFG) for five months. The topic of our discussions was EcoJustice education, which involves analyzing and reframing Westernized culture. Findings are focused on how the participants grappled with what EcoJustice education means and their affective responses to both the content and the professional development experience. Analysis of the data revealed that reframing Westernized culture takes time, that it is not merely an intellectual exercise but also an emotional and psychological one, and that personal internalization comes before practical application. The participants also indicated that they valued being in a CFG where they could be honest and vulnerable as well as supported, connected, inspired, and challenged. I conclude by recommending CFGs as a model for transformative professional development in environmental education.
U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology of the Upper Paleocene to Lower Eocene Wilcox Group, east-central Texas

Arrival of Laramide uplift sediments to the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain and northwestern Gulf of Mexico during the early Paleogene is recorded in strata of the Wilcox Group as a significant increase in sediment accumulation and with the appearance of 65–52 Ma detrital zircons that correspond with the timing of late Laramide uplift. New U-Pb dating of detrital zircons by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for samples obtained from the Lower Paleocene Tehuacana Member through the Lower Eocene Queen City Formation in east-central Texas identifies the Hooper Formation of the Wilcox Group as the oldest stratigraphic unit to contain 65–52 Ma ages. Late appearance of 65–52 Ma detrital zircons in the Hooper Formation is correlated with unroofed Laramide magmatic intrusions or nearly syndepositional volcaniclastic sources; whereas older detrital zircons are inferred to be derived primarily from sedimentary cover and basement rocks exposed during uplift of Laramide blocks. Potential source region and Gulf Coastal Plain detrital zircon data support a relatively similar paleodrainage area and sediment sources for east-­central Texas Tehuacana Member to Carrizo Formation and central Louisiana Wilcox Group data, and for east-central Texas Queen City Formation and central Louisiana middle-upper Claiborne Group data. South Texas Wilcox Group data contrast with data from these samples and support a different paleodrainage area and sediment sources for the south Texas region. We propose that headwaters sourced from southeastern Wyoming to the southern Rocky Mountain region delivered sediments to east-central Texas and central Louisiana during the Paleocene to Middle Eocene. Pronounced Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic detrital zircons in the lower Claiborne Group of east-central Texas and the middle-upper Claiborne Group of central Louisiana are attributed to new or unroofed recycled sediments with Grenvillian age detrital zircons incorporated from the Ouachita region and other proximal locations in the preexisting paleodrainage area. The inferred paleodrainage area for east-central Texas and central Louisiana includes most of the Rocky Mountain Laramide uplift blocks, has a southern boundary separating it from a south Texas paleodrainage, and an eastern boundary roughly coincident with the Mississippi embayment, which separates it from Appalachian Mountains drainages.
Brain-inspired photonic hardware platforms

Photonic integrated circuit technology has the potential to revolutionize optical information processing, beyond conventional binary-logic approaches, granting the capacity of complex, ultrafast categorization and decision making. We will discuss the progress and requirements of scalable and reconfigurable emerging brain-inspired photonic hardware platforms.
The ITRS metrology roadmap

The 2009 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) will be published in late 2009. The 2009 ITRS includes the Metrology Roadmap which is based on the Front End Processes, Interconnect, Lithography, and Process Integration Roadmaps. For the past several years, the Metrology Roadmap has also covered the research and development needs for Emerging Research Materials and Emerging Research Devices. This presentation will review the near and longer term research and development needs for metrology.
Facial Hyperpigmentation in Skin of Color: Special Considerations and Treatment

Differences in cutaneous diseases in people of color call for nuanced evaluation and management. One of the most common dermatological complaints from patients with skin of color is dyspigmentation, particularly hyperpigmentation. The challenge for clinicians is to establish correct diagnoses along with consistently successful treatments to meet the needs of the increasingly diverse population served. This review focuses on facial hyperpigmentation and outlines the most common skin disorders and treatment options.
Esophageal duplication and congenital esophageal stenosis

Esophageal duplication and congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) may represent diseases with common embryologic etiologies, namely, faulty tracheoesophageal separation and differentiation. Here, we will re-enforce definitions for these diseases as well as review their embryology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Gypsum gravel devils in Chile: Movement of largest natural grains by wind?

Whirlwinds, dry convective helical vortices, move large gypsum crystals in the Andes Mountains of northern Chile. The crystals are entrained from a saline pan surface, where they grew in shallow surface brines. They are transported as much as 5 km and deposited in large dune-like mounds. The dune gravel is cemented relatively quickly by gypsum cement precipitating from near-surface saline groundwater, resulting in gypsum breccia. This marks the first occurrence of gravel-sized grains moved efficiently in air by suspension, provides a new possible interpretation for some ancient breccias and conglomerates, and improves understanding of limits of extremity of Earth surface environments.
Detecting Influencers in Multiple Online Genres

Social media has become very popular and mainstream, leading to an abundance of content. This wealth of content contains many interactions and conversations that can be analyzed for a variety of information. One such type of information is analyzing the roles people take in a conversation. Detecting influencers, one such role, can be useful for political campaigning, successful advertisement strategies, and detecting terrorist leaders. We explore influence in discussion forums, weblogs, and micro-blogs through the development of learned language analysis components to recognize known indicators of influence. Our components are author traits, agreement, claims, argumentation, persuasion, credibility, and certain dialog patterns. Each of these components is motivated by social science through Robert Cialdini’s “Weapons of Influence” [Cialdini 2007]. We classify influencers across five online genres and analyze which features are most indicative of influencers in each genre. First, we describe a rich suite of features that were generated using each of the system components. Then, we describe our experiments and results, including using domain adaptation to exploit the data from multiple online genres.
The bulbospinal network controlling the phrenic motor system: Laterality and course of descending projections.

The respiratory rhythm is generated by the parafacial respiratory group, Botzinger complex, and pre-Botzinger complex and relayed to pre-motor neurons, which in turn project to and control respiratory motor outputs in the brainstem and spinal cord. The phrenic nucleus is one such target, containing phrenic motoneurons (PhMNs), which supply the diaphragm, the primary inspiratory muscle in mammals. While some investigators have demonstrated both ipsi- and contralateral bulbophrenic projections, there exists controversy regarding the relative physiological contribution of each to phasic and tonic drive to PhMNs and at which levels decussations occur. Following C1- or C2 spinal cord hemisection-induced silencing of the ipsilateral phrenic/diaphragm activity, respiratory stressor-induced, as well as spontaneous, recovery of crossed phrenic activity is observed, suggesting an important contribution of pathways crossing below the level of injury in driving phrenic motor output. The precise mechanisms underlying this recovery are debated. In this review, we seek to present a comprehensive discussion of the organization of the bulbospinal network controlling PhMNs, a thorough appreciation of which is necessary for understanding neural respiratory control, accurate interpretation of studies investigating respiratory recovery following spinal cord injury, and targeted development of therapies for respiratory neurorehabilitation in patients sustaining high cervical cord injury.
Challenging Doris’ Attack on Aggregation: Why We are Not Left “Completely in the Dark” about Global Virtues

Aggregation (the process of collecting multiple observations of behavior and averaging them before predicting behavior) shows that virtue-relevant behavior is indeed highly predictable, and that individual differences in global virtues do indeed exist. Aggregation is a key response to the situationist argument against the existence of broad virtues. However, a concern with aggregation is that, because it is an average, the specifics of what are included in that average matter. In particular, if heinous actions could be included in the average, then aggregates cannot provide enough confidence that the holders of high aggregates (e.g., highly compassionate people) have not conducted heinous actions and thus cannot provide enough confidence that such people qualify as virtuous. Doris (2002) has challenged aggregation with this concern, and no one has responded substantively to this challenge. If Doris’ challenge is in fact correct, then the situationist argument against the existence of broad virtues stands. In the article, we present a full response to this concern. We argue that aggregation does not in fact allow heinous exceptions, because aggregates do indeed predict extreme single behaviors very well. In fact, aggregates do allow confidence that holders of high aggregates do not commit heinous actions. Thus, Doris’ rejection of the aggregation solution does not defeat aggregation, aggregation continues to stand in the defense of global virtues, and the situationist argument does not threaten the existence and predictive power of global virtues. Models of traits that rely on aggregates, such as Whole Trait Theory (Fleeson and Jayawickreme 2015), may provide useful post-situationist models of virtues.
Subjective cognitive impairment and quality of life: a systematic review.

Background Older adults with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) experience increased affective symptoms, reduced engagement in a range of activities, as well as more functional problems when compared to those without SCI. These associations suggest that SCI may be detrimental to older adults' quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this paper is to advance understanding of the SCI-QoL relationship through a comprehensive review of the empirical literature relating SCI and QoL. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Eligible articles were appraised using the weight of evidence (WoE) framework to evaluate methodological quality, methodological relevance, and topic relevance. A narrative synthesis of results was conducted, based on conceptual definitions of QoL. Results Eleven articles were identified that met eligibility criteria. WoE ratings ranged from low to high scores. Studies reviewed reported that the presence, greater frequency, or greater severity of SCI is associated with lower QoL regardless of methodological quality rating, sample characteristics (e.g. geographic location, clinical vs. community settings), study design (e.g. cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), and operationalization of SCI or QoL. Conclusion Across studies, QoL was negatively associated with SCI. However, a frequent limitation of the reviewed literature was the mismatch between the conceptual and operational definitions of SCI and QoL. Similarly, SCI measures varied in quality across the reviewed literature. This suggests future empirical work should focus on the appropriate strategies for conceptually and operationally defining these constructs.
Decomposability index of tournaments

Abstract Given a tournament T , a module of T is a subset X of V ( T ) such that for x , y ∈ X and v ∈ V ( T ) ∖ X , ( x , v ) ∈ A ( T ) if and only if ( y , v ) ∈ A ( T ) . The trivial modules of T are ∅ , { u } ( u ∈ V ( T ) ) and V ( T ) . The tournament T is indecomposable if all its modules are trivial; otherwise it is decomposable. The decomposability index of T , denoted by δ ( T ) , is the smallest number of arcs of T that must be reversed to make T indecomposable. For n ≥ 5 , let δ ( n ) be the maximum of δ ( T ) over the tournaments T with n vertices. We prove that n + 1 4 ≤ δ ( n ) ≤ n − 1 3 and that the lower bound is reached by the transitive tournaments.
Examining the Role of Repetitive Negative Thinking in Relations Between Positive and Negative Aspects of Self-compassion and Symptom Improvement During Intensive Treatment

Positive aspects of self-compassion (i.e., self-kindness and nonjudgmental acceptance of personal experiences) as well as negative aspects (i.e., high self-criticism and self-coldness) are strong predictors of anxiety, depression, worry, and quality of life. To date, however, relatively little is known about (a) how both aspects of self-compassion change during naturalistic treatment, (b) whether and how such changes relate to symptom improvement, and (c) which processes might explain the potential benefits of self-compassion. To address these gaps, the present study examined whether relations between changes in both aspects of self-compassion and treatment outcomes in a brief partial hospital setting for acute psychology could be explained by associated changes in repetitive negative thinking (RNT), an established maladaptive cognitive process involved in anxiety and depressive disorders. In a sample of 582 people receiving cognitive-behavioral (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy over the course of 1–2 weeks, increases in positive aspects of self-compassion and decreases in negative aspects related to improvements in depression and anxiety. RNT mediated the relationship between decreases in negative aspects of self-compassion and improvements in anxiety and depression. However, a reverse model also showed that decreases in negative aspects of self-compassion could also explain relations between RNT and depressive symptom improvement only. These findings suggest that negative aspects of self-compassion and RNT may constitute important targets for treatment in acute settings. Future studies should investigate the impact of greater focus on self-compassion on RNT and symptom improvement using longitudinal experimental designs with multiple assessment points, examining causality and directionality.
1992 Europe as a Unified Customer Market

My objective is to try to isolate some gains and losses from the unification of markets that the European Community is planning for 1992, paying some special attention to what may be called information goods. To narrow the focus somewhat I will confine this essay to the unification of the product markets. If there is a common theme running through these notes it is my view of these markets as customer markets in the sense of a now-rather-old paper by Sidney Winter and me.
The logic of games and its applications

Abstract We develop a logic in which the basic objects of concern are games, or equivalently, monotone predicate transforms. we give completeness and decision results and extend to certain kinds of many-person games. Applications to a cake cutting algorithm and to a protocol for exchanging secrets, are given.
Acquisition of Temporal Order Involves a Reverberating Network in Hippocampal Field CA3

Abstract Here we report that hippocampal field CA3 maintains self-sustained activity for remarkable periods following a brief input and that this effect is extremely sensitive to minor perturbations. Using novel behavioral tests, that as with human episodic learning do not involve training or explicit rewards, we show that partial silencing of the network in mice blocks acquisition of temporal order, but not the identity or location, of odors. These results suggest a solution to the question of how hippocampus adds time to episodic memories.
Group-invariant solutions for one dimensional, inviscid hydrodynamics

In this paper, the results of the Lie group method carried out by Ovsiannikov are utilized to study the one-dimensional hydrodynamic equations governing compressible, inviscid fluid flow in the absence of heat conduction. One-parameter subgroups of the admissible R-parameter Lie group of point transformations of the system are applied to reduce the first-order, non-linear system of partial differential equations (PDE)s to a first-order system of ordinary differential equations (ODE)s. Closed-form solutions to the reduced ODE systems are subsequently determined using a linear velocity profile ansatz. These solutions are valid in one-dimensional (1D) planar, cylindrical and spherical geometries and are connected to solutions of the governing system of PDEs through an inverse map. The linear velocity type solutions were first considered by Sedov in 1953 and constitute a subclass of all possible similarity solutions of the compressible hydrodynamics equations. They further serve as illustrative examples of using solutions obtained for the reduced ODEs to find solutions of the associated system of PDEs. Consequently, the reduced systems of ODEs are provided in their entirety inviting additional solutions to be determined via alternative explicit or numerical solution techniques.
Engaging Adolescents With Sexual Health Messaging: A Qualitative Analysis.

Abstract Purpose Personalized and interactive text messaging interventions may increase participant engagement; yet, how to design messages that retain adolescent attention and positively affect sexual health behaviors remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of sexual health text messages perceived as engaging by sexually active adolescent females. Methods We conducted semistructured, open-ended interviews with sexually active females aged 14–19 in one urban emergency department. Participants received automated sexual health information sent via an interactive, two-way texting format. The 343 messages viewed by participants were based on key stakeholder input, relevant theoretical models, and existing evidence-based guidelines. Interviews elicited feedback. Enrollment continued until saturation of themes. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded based on thematic analysis using NVivo 10. Results Participants (n = 31) were predominantly Hispanic (28; 90%), insured (29; 94%), and recently sexually active (24; 77%). Themes were as follows: (1) Tone: messages should be direct, factual, entertaining, and respect adolescent autonomy; messages should not be intrusive, presumptive, or preachy. (2) Emotion evoked: participants preferred messages that provoked thought, validated feelings, and empowered. Messages from a reliable source felt comforting, making participants feel cared for and special. (3) Interactivity: participants favored messages that offered choices, such as a mini-conversation. (4) Personalization: messages should look similar to adolescent digital preferences but be individually tailored with relatable characters. Conclusions This study informs the tone, structure, and style of sexual health text messages directed toward adolescent females in the emergency department. Future work should consider these characteristics when designing digital interventions to engage adolescent females.
The Unfriendly Intrusion of Consumer Legislation into Freedom to Contract for Effective ODR

Recent negotiations in UNCITRAL Working Group III on Online Dispute Resolution have demonstrated how consumer legislation has interfered with legal developments in a manner that actually causes harm to consumers. By limiting the extent to which parties may contract to determine the forum in which potential disputes might be settled, and the law by which their relationships will be judged, rules ostensibly designed to protect consumers have had the opposite effect. In the UNCITRAL negotiations, rather than focusing on the creation of better fora for the resolution of consumer disputes, states – and the European Union in particular – have focused on requiring access to courts, even when a core premise of the negotiations has been that access to courts does not provide access to justice for such disputes. In an age in which it is possible to create non-judicial dispute resolution systems that benefit a consumer through greater economy, efficiency, and effectiveness, the edge of the sword designed to protect the consumer is exchanged for the edge of the sword that cuts off the opportunity for fair, efficient, and effective dispute resolution that can be just what the consumer needs most when a dispute arises. By burdening UNCITRAL instruments with rules prohibiting pre-dispute binding arbitration agreements in consumer contracts, demands for global recognition of largely European approaches to consumer protection may well doom the effort to move the global trading community forward to a system that could have provided substantial benefits for consumers globally.
Role of Erythropoietin as an Angiogenic Factor and Target in Cancer.

Erythropoietin is a pleiotropic cytokine with diverse non-hematopoietic functions. Epo and its receptor EpoR have been implicated in the physiologic angiogenesis that occurs in the mouse embryo, female genital tract and during wound healing. Epo is involved in the pathologic angiogenesis of diabetic retinopathy but the role of Epo in tumor angiogenesis, a pathologic process that is essential for tumor progression, is not established. We investigated the hypothesis that Epo may play an important role in tumor cell-induced angiogenesis and progression. Fluorescently-labeled rodent mammary carcinoma cells were implanted in dorsal skin-fold window chambers in nu/nu mice, a model that allows direct, non-invasive, serial visualization and real-time assessment of tumor cells and neovascularization simultaneously during the initial stages of tumor formation. Tumor angiogenesis (vascular length density, VLD) and growth (tumor area) were measured serially over 8 days using intravital microscopy and computerized image analysis. Co-injection of Epo with implanted tumor cells significantly increased VLD by 78% compared to vehicle-injected controls (p
A generalized approach for digital holographic recording and reconstruction

In recent years, research efforts in the field of digital holography have expanded significantly, due to the ability to obtain high resolution intensity and phase images. The information contained in these images have become of great interest to the machine learning community, with applications spanning a wide portfolio of research areas including bioengineering. In this work, we seek to demonstrate a high fidelity simulation of holographic recording. By accurately representing diffraction, aberrations, and speckle introduced via propagation of a coherent light source through a series of optical elements and the object itself, we will accurately predict the optical interference of the object and reference wave at the recording plane. We will show that the optical transformation that predicts the complex field at the recording plane can be generalized for arbitrary holographic recording configurations using matrix optics. In addition, we will provide a detailed description of digital phase reconstruction and aberration compensation, for a variety of off-axis holographic configurations. Reconstruction errors will be presented for the various holographic recording geometries and complex field objects. The generalized holographic simulation described in this work will seek to motivate using the reconstruction of the simulated holograms to populate a database which can be used to train machine learning algorithms aimed at classifying relevant objects recorded through a variety of holographic setups.
Foreword: Twenty Years of the Uniform Trust Code

As we approach the 20th anniversary of the codification of the Uniform Trust Code (the "UTC"), it has been enacted in 35 jurisdictions and remains under consideration elsewhere. It has proven to be both popular and influential, generating spirited debates about issues ranging from ministerial to transformative. It has impacted numerous aspects of trust and estate practice, including estate planning, trust administration, and fiduciary litigation. This is the foreword to a special issue of the ACTEC Law Journal to be produced to mark the occasion of the UTC’s 20th anniversary. In this very brief work, I provide a quick overview of the impact of the UTC on modern trust law and the process by which the editors selected articles for inclusion in the special issue.
Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Bladder Diverticulectomy: Adaptation of Techniques for a Variety of Clinical Presentations

Objective To report our experience in robot-assisted laparoscopic bladder diverticulectomy (RALBD) with a focus on technical modifications aimed at accommodating for differences in anatomy and pathologies. Materials and Methods A prospective database was maintained for 20 patients who had RALBD at our institution. Clinicopathological and follow-up details including concomitant procedure performed were reviewed for each case. Two patients had intra-diverticular urothelial carcinoma refractory to endoscopic and intravesical management. The dissection of the diverticular neck was performed utilising one of the 3 approaches: extravesical (8 of 20 patients), transvesical (11), and trans-diverticular (1). Pre and postoperative postvoid residual and International Prostate Symptom Score were compared using paired-sample t test. In addition, 6 patients underwent open bladder diverticulectomy during the period and their perioperative parameters were compared with the RALBD group. Results The median age was 66 and the average BMI was 27.2. Thirteen patients underwent major concomitant urologic procedures. Mean operative duration was 184 minutes with average length of hospital stay at 2.1 days. One Clavien 3 complication was encountered. There were significant improvements in pre & postoperative postvoid residual (425-49 ml, P = .000) and International Prostate Symptom Score (19-6, P = .033). When compared to open bladder diverticulectomy, RALBD is associated with reductions in blood loss (100 ml vs 283 ml, P = 0.003). Conclusion Despite the wide variability in clinical presentations, RALBD is associated with minimal surgical morbidity and good perioperative outcomes. It can be safely performed in conjunction with other major urologic procedures in the pelvis.
Effects of Curcumin in a Mouse Model of Very High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.

Worldwide rates of Western-diet-induced obesity epidemics are growing dramatically. Being linked with numerous comorbidities and complications, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, chronic inflammation, and osteoarthritis (OA), obesity represents one of the most threatening challenges for modern healthcare. Mouse models are an invaluable tool for investigating the effects of diets and their bioactive components against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its comorbidities. During recent years, very high fat diets (VHFDs), providing 58–60% kcal fat, have become a popular alternative to more traditional HFDs, providing 40–45% total kcal fat, due to the faster induction of obesity and stronger metabolic responses. This project aims to investigate if the 60% fat VHFD is suitable to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin in diet-induced obesity and osteoarthritis. B6 male mice, prone to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, were supplemented with VHFD without or with curcumin for 13 weeks. Under these experimental conditions, feeding mice a VHFD for 13 weeks did not result in expected robust manifestations of the targeted pathophysiologic conditions. Supplementing the diet with curcumin, in turn, protected the animals against obesity without significant changes in white adipocyte size, glucose clearance, and knee cartilage integrity. Additional research is needed to optimize diet composition, curcumin dosage, and duration of dietary interventions to establish the VHFD-induced obesity for evaluating the effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunctions related to obesity and osteoarthritis.
Advances in atomic data for neutron-capture elements

Neutron(n)-capture elements (atomic number Z > 30), which can be produced in planetary nebula (PN) progenitor stars via s-process nucleosynthesis, have been detected in nearly 100 PNe. This demonstrates that nebular spectroscopy is a potentially powerful tool for studying the production and chemical evolution of trans-iron elements. However, significant challenges must be addressed before this goal can be achieved. One of the most substantial hurdles is the lack of atomic data for n-capture elements, particularly that needed to solve for their ionization equilibrium (and hence to convert ionic abundances to elemental abundances). To address this need, we have computed photoionization cross sections and radiative and dielec- tronic recombination rate coefficients for the first six ions of Se and Kr. The calculations were benchmarked against experimental photoionization cross section measurements. In addition, we computed charge transfer (CT) rate coefficients for ions of six n-capture elements. These ef- forts will enable the accurate determination of nebular Se and Kr abundances, allowing robust investigations of s-process enrichments in PNe.
Decline in Inpatient Volume at Rural Hospitals.

Purpose To investigate (1) all-payer inpatient volume changes at rural hospitals and (2) whether trends in inpatient volume differ by organizational and geographic characteristics of the hospital and characteristics of the patient population. Methods We used a retrospective, longitudinal study design. Our study sample consisted of rural hospitals between 2011 and 2017. Inpatient volume was measured as inpatient average daily census (ADC). Additional measured hospital characteristics included census region, Medicare payment type, ownership type, number of beds, local competition, total margin, and whether the hospital was located in a Medicaid expansion state. Measured characteristics of the local patient population included total population size, percent of population aged 65 years or older, and percent of population in poverty. To identify predictors of inpatient volume trends, we fit a linear multiple regression model using generalized estimating equations. Findings Rural hospitals experienced an average change in ADC of -13% between 2011 and 2017. We found that hospital characteristics (eg, census region, Medicare payment type, ownership type, total margin, whether the hospital was located in a Medicaid expansion state) and patient population characteristics (eg, percent of population in poverty) were significant predictors of inpatient volume trends. Conclusions Trends in inpatient volume differ by organizational and geographic characteristics of the hospital and characteristics of the patient population. Researchers and policy makers should continue to explore the causal mechanisms of inpatient volume decline and its role in the financial viability of rural hospitals.
Image inversion and uncertainty quantification for constitutive laws of pattern formation

Abstract The forward problems of pattern formation have been greatly empowered by extensive theoretical studies and simulations, however, the inverse problem is less well understood. It remains unclear how accurately one can use images of pattern formation to learn the functional forms of the nonlinear and nonlocal constitutive relations in the governing equation. We use PDE-constrained optimization to infer the governing dynamics and constitutive relations and use Bayesian inference and linearization to quantify their uncertainties in different systems, operating conditions, and imaging conditions. We discuss the conditions to reduce the uncertainty of the inferred functions and the correlation between them, such as state-dependent free energy and reaction kinetics (or diffusivity). We present the inversion algorithm and illustrate its robustness and uncertainties under limited spatiotemporal resolution, unknown boundary conditions, blurry initial conditions, and other non-ideal situations. Under certain situations, prior physical knowledge can be included to constrain the result. Phase-field, reaction-diffusion, and phase-field-crystal models are used as model systems. The approach developed here can find applications in inferring unknown physical properties of complex pattern-forming systems and in guiding their experimental design.
Entitlement to Land and the Right of Return: An Embarrassing Challenge for Liberal Zionism

This essay undertakes a liberal critique of the legitimacy of Israel's territorial holdings and its refusal to acknowledge the right of return for the Palestinian refugees. In the first section, the article examines the distinction between Israel's alleged entitlement to the territories it occupied and resettled during the war of independence and those it occupied and resettled in 1967, arguing that from a moral perspective both episodes of conquest are tainted with illegitimacy, and that the former does not fare any better than the latter. In the second section, the essay provides a detailed analysis of the Palestinians' right of return, drawing on a distinction between two main types of argument which have been proposed to rebut such a right: liberal individualistic arguments and the Zionist-demographic argument. The essay argues that from a liberal perspective, both types of argument fail, and therefore Zionism could not claim to adhere to basic liberal values unless it acknowledges the right of return for Palestinian refugees.
Studies on recurrent oral aphthae. I. Clinical and laboratory comparisons.

Abstract Twenty-one biopsy specimens were obtained from thirteen patients with recurrent aphthous lesions to correlate histologic features with the clinical course of this disease. From one patient group specimens were obtained also for virus isolation, immunofluorescence, and serum immunoglobulin levels. Early lesions were characterized by prickle-cell hyperplasia and dysplasia, lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration, and the presence of large numbers of mast cells. Subepithelial vesicles were seen in prodromal lesions. Emotion, trauma, hormonal changes, allergy, and diet did not seem to be etiologic factors. Herpes virus could not be isolated from any aspirate collected, and giant cells or nuclear inclusion bodies were not observed. However, positive immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin A and altered serum globulin, together with the finding of mast cells and lymphocytes, suggest an immunologic component in this disease.
EXG1p, a novel exo-β1,3-glucanase from the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum, contains a repeated motif present in other proteins that interact with polysaccharides1The DNA sequence reported in this article has been submitted to GenBank under the accession number L48994.1

Abstract Genomic and cDNA copies of EXG1 , a gene encoding an exo-β1,3-glucanase from the plant pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus carbonum , were isolated. The gene contains two introns of 50 and 53 bp, and the mRNA has a 5′-untranslated region of 90 nt and a 3′-untranslated region of 159 nt. The deduced protein product, EXG1p, has a predicted signal peptide of 17 amino acids, but based on the known N-terminus of the mature protein is further processed to remove an additional 25 amino acids. The sequence of EXG1p is not closely related to any other known protein, but has a low similarity (29% overall amino acid identity) to BGN13.1, an endo-β1,3-glucanase from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum . EXG1p contains two imperfect copies of a 23-amino acid motif that is found in several other proteins that interact with polysaccharides, including plant and bacterial polygalacturonases, phage neck appendage protein, phage endoneuramidase, and bacterial mannuronan epimerase.
Structure and properties of mixed valence titanates, (LixVO)La2Ti3O10

A series of mixed valence Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites have been prepared by reductive intercalation. The new materials can be described by the general formula (LixVO)La2Ti3O10. X-Ray powder diffraction data shows that lithium intercalation into (VO)La2Ti3O10 takes place in a topotactic manner. The magnetic properties of the new compounds depend on the amount of intercalated lithium. For x = 0.83, and 1.4, in (LixVO)La2Ti3O10, these materials are Curie–Weiss paramagnets, while for x = 1.8 magnetic order with a predisposition towards ferromagnetism is observed. This paper describes the structure, electronic and magnetic properties of this new series of compounds.
Recent evidence for a strengthening CO2 sink in the Southern Ocean from carbonate system measurements in the Drake Passage (2002–2015)

We present a 13 year (2002–2015) semimonthly time series of the partial pressure of CO2 in surface water (pCO2surf) and other carbonate system parameters from the Drake Passage. This record shows a clear increase in the magnitude of the sea-air pCO2 gradient, indicating strengthening of the CO2 sink in agreement with recent large-scale analyses of the world oceans. The rate of increase in pCO2surf north of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) is similar to the atmospheric pCO2 (pCO2atm) trend, whereas the pCO2surf increase south of the APF is slower than the pCO2atm trend. The high-frequency surface observations indicate that an absence of a winter increase in total CO2 (TCO2) and cooling summer sea surface temperatures are largely responsible for increasing CO2 uptake south of the APF. Muted winter trends in surface TCO2 also provide temporary stability to the carbonate system that is already close to undersaturation with respect to aragonite.
Influence of shape and weight on self-evaluation in bulimia nervosa.

Objective To compare three related but different measures of excessive concerns about shape and weight in bulimia nervosa (BN): influence of shape and weight (influence; DSM-IV Criterion D), overconcern with shape and weight (overconcern; DSM-III-R Criterion E), and dissatisfaction with shape and weight (dissatisfaction). Method One-hundred twenty BN patients, 27 restrained eaters (RE), and 28 normal controls (NC) were assessed via the Eating Disorders Examination and self-report measures. Results Influence and overconcern, but not dissatisfaction, successfully discriminated BNs from NCs but not from REs. A minority of patients with BN obtained low scores on both influence and overconcern. However, there were few differences between those patients with low scores and those with high scores on numerous clinical characteristics. Discussion Influence and overconcern are equally valid measures of the excessive concerns about shape and weight characteristic of BN. © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 27: 435–445, 2000.