cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of adding fat to diets of lactating dairy cows on total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility: A meta-analysis

The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the effects of supplemental fat on fiber digestibility in lactating dairy cattle. Published papers that evaluated the effects of adding fat to the diets of lactating dairy cattle on total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility (ttNDFd) and dry matter intake (DMI) were compiled. The final data set included 108 fat-supplemented treatment means, not including low-fat controls, from 38 publications. The fat-supplemented treatment means exhibited a wide range of ttNDFd (49.4% ± 9.3, mean ± standard deviation) and DMI (21.3 kg/d ± 3.5). Observations were summarized as the difference between the treatment means for fat-supplemented diets minus their respective low-fat control means. Additionally, those differences were divided by the difference in diet fatty acid (FA) concentration between the treatment and control diets. Treatment means were categorized by the type of fat supplement. Supplementing 3% FA in the diet as medium-chain fats (containing predominately 12- and 14-carbon saturated FA) or unsaturated vegetable oil decreased ttNDFd by 8.0 and 1.2 percentage units, respectively. Adding 3% calcium salts of long-chain FA or saturated fats increased ttNDFd by 3.2 and 1.3 percentage units, respectively. No other fat supplement type affected ttNDFd. Except for saturated fats and animal-vegetable fats, supplementing dietary fat decreased DMI. When the values for changes in ttNDFd are regressed on changes in DMI there was a positive relationship, though the coefficient of determination is only 0.20. When changes in ttNDFd were regressed on changes in DMI, within individual fat supplement types, there was no relationship within calcium salt supplements. There was a positive relationship between changes in ttNDFd and changes in DMI for saturated fats. Neither relationship suggested that the increased ttNDFd with calcium salts or saturated FA was due to decreased DMI for these fat sources. A subset of the means included measured ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestion. Analysis of this smaller data set did not suggest that ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestibility is depressed by fat supplementation more than ttNDFd. Adding fats, other than those with medium-chain FA, consistently increased digestible energy density of the diet. However, due to reduced DMI, this increased energy density may not result in increased digestible nutrient intake.
Chapter IV.1 New Carbonylations by Means of Transition Metal Catalysts

Summary New homogeneous mixed metal catalyst systems for the synthesis of N-acyl-α-amino acids di rectly from allylic alcohols, oxiranes or fluoro-olefins are described. The new catalytic processes include (i) the isomerization-amidocarbonylation of allylic alcohols catalyzed by Co 2 (CO) 8 - Group VIII transition metal complex combinations, (ii) the isomerization-amidocarbonylation of oxiranes promoted by Co 2 (CO) 8 - Lewis acid systems, and (iii) the hydroformylation-amidocarbonylation of fluoro-olefins catalyzed by Co 2 (CO) 8 -rhodium carbonyl systems which proceeds with excellent regioselectivity. It is found that the hydroformylation-amidocarbonylation process includes a unique Co-Rh mixed metal complex, CoRh(CO) 7 , as an active catalyst species. New amide-directed hydrocarbonylations of allylic and homoallylic amides catalyzed by rhodium complexes, Co 2 Rh 2 (CO) 12 , and Co 2 (CO) 8 , which give a variety of monocyclic and bicyclic nitrogen-heterocycles are described. A novel rhodium-catalyzed sequential double carbonylation process was developed. Possible mechanisms of these novel carbonylation processes are discussed, including a detailed mechanistic study on the catalysis of CoRh(CO) 7 .
Value of central line care teaching for families of pediatric oncology patients.

60Background: Pediatric oncology care depends on central lines (CLs) in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Although inpatient implementation of CL maintenance bundles has been achieved, little attention has focused on families who care for CLs at home. Families are expected to follow best practice, but most have no prior experience or medical background. We sought to understand the comfort level and knowledge of families caring for external CLs at home and the value of our program’s existing teaching strategies, prior to an improvement initiative. Methods: Families caring for children with new and existing external CLs at home from May 2015-May 2016 were eligible for a survey and approached during outpatient visits if their primary team agreed. Using Likert scales, families were asked to assess their current comfort level with CL care, evaluate existing teaching strategies (instructional sheets; hands-on teaching by program nurses, and by home health nurses), and comment on other potentially helpful ...
Ethnic Identity, Acculturation, and 12-Month Psychiatric Service Utilization Among Black and Hispanic Adults in the U.S.

A cross-sectional study design was used to examine the associations of ethnic identity, acculturation, and psychiatric service utilization among Wave 2 respondents of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol Related Conditions with 12-month psychiatric disorders who self-identified as Black (6587, 19%) and Hispanic (6359, 18%). Weighted multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between ethnic identity, acculturation, and 12-month psychiatric service utilization. Stronger ethnic identity was associated with decreased odds of using psychiatric services among Black (AOR = 0.956; CI = 0.923-0.991) and Hispanic individuals (AOR = 0.967; CI = 0.945-0.990). Greater acculturation was associated with an increased odds of psychiatric service utilization for Hispanic individuals (AOR = 1.025; CI = 1.000-1.050). These findings suggest that a sense of pride, belonging, and attachment to one's racial/ethnic group and participating in ethnic behaviors is associated with lower rates of participation in psychiatric services; alternatively, acquiring key elements of the U.S. culture is associated with greater participation in psychiatric services.
Maternal folate deficiency causes inhibition of mTOR signaling, down-regulation of placental amino acid transporters and fetal growth restriction in mice.

Maternal folate deficiency is linked to restricted fetal growth, however the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. Here we tested the hypothesis that mTOR functions as a folate sensor in vivo in mice and that maternal folate deficiency inhibits placental mTOR signaling and amino acid transporter activity and causes fetal growth restriction. Folate deficient mice had lower serum folate (−60%). In late pregnancy, fetal weight in the folate deficient group was decreased (−17%, p < 0.05), whereas placental weight, litter size and crown rump length were unaltered. Maternal folate deficiency inhibited placental mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling and decreased trophoblast plasma membrane System A and L amino acid transporter activities and transporter isoform expression. Folate deficiency also caused a decrease in phosphorylation of specific functional readouts of mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling in multiple maternal and fetal tissues. We have identified a novel specific molecular link between maternal folate availability and fetal growth, involving regulation of placental mTOR signaling by folate, resulting in changes in placental nutrient transport. mTOR folate sensing may have broad biological significance because of the critical role of folate in normal cell function and the wide range of disorders, including cancer, that have been linked to folate availability.
Detection of bursty and emerging trends towards identification of researchers at the early stage of trends

Detection of trends is important in a variety of areas. Scientific research is no exception. While several methods have been proposed for trend detection, we argue that there is value on using semantics-based techniques. In particular, we demonstrate the value of using a taxonomy of topics together with data extraction to create a dataset relating publications to topics in the taxonomy. Compared to other approaches, our method does not have to process the content of the publications. Instead, it uses metadata elements such as keywords and abstracts. Using such dataset, we show that a semantics-based approach can detect “bursty” and “emerging” research topic trends. Additionally, our method identifies researchers involved at the early stage of trends. We use known lists of recognized and prolific authors to validate that many of the researchers identified at the early stage of trends have indeed been recognized for their contributions on important research trends.
Degradation and Efficacy of Deltamethrin + Chlorpyrifosmethyl and Cyfluthrin + Chlorpyrifos-methyl as Protectants of Wheat Stored in Southeast Georgia

Soft red winter wheat (27.27 kg replicates) treated with combinations of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos-methyl, with and without piperonyl butoxide, and cyfluthrin, applied alone or with either chlorp...
Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Allergy

Allergic diseases of the eye are allergic conjunctivitis (AC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). The key element in the history that unites these three conditions is pruritus. They must be distinguished from other conjunctival abnormalities that mimic atopic disease. These include conjunctivitis sicca, infectious conjunctivitis resulting from both viruses and bacteria, blepharoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC). Acute AC is nonthreatening to the site, but both AKC and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, because of corneal involvement, can be threatening to vision. The treatment of allergic eye disease is namely topical, and a number of classes of drugs are available, including antihistamines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mast cell stabilizers, and corticosteroids.
Twilight of Work: The Labor Question in Nietzsche and Marx:

This essay is an intervention into the debate regarding the possibility and/or desirability of articulating Nietzsche with Marx as a means to expand upon the foundations of critical social theory. ...
Numerical moment matching stabilized by a genetic algorithm for engineering data squashing and fast uncertainty quantification

Abstract Numerical moment matching (NMM) technique is a point estimation method that holds significant applicability in the era of large-scale data. One can use NMM to create an extremely small set of representative samples of an engineering population or to facilitate a fast and robust uncertainty quantification of a complex structure. However, the previous NMM method based on the multivariate Newton-Raphson (mNR) scheme often suffers from severe numerical divergence and initial-value dependency. This study overcomes the aforementioned limitations by stabilizing NMM with a genetic algorithm (GA), giving rise to a highly stable and fast NMM (denoted as GA-NMM). Inheriting NMM’s strengths, GA-NMM exhibits no restriction to irregular distributions, large sizes, or many variables of engineering data. This paper elaborates the formulations of GA-NMM along with a practical recommendation for setting optimal parameters. Validations encompass theoretical and practical cases. Simulations with the default setting of GA-NMM demonstrate successful performances in data-squashing of an engineering population and a fast, robust uncertainty quantification of a complex structure. All the developed programs are made publicly available for promoting data-driven research paradigm in broader engineering domains.
Neonatal anesthesia exposure impacts brain microRNAs and their associated neurodevelopmental processes.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), when subjected to environmental stimuli, can exhibit differential expression. As critical regulators of gene expression, differential miRNA expression has been implicated in numerous disorders of the nervous system. In this study, we focused on the effect of a general anesthetic, as an environmental stimulus, on miRNA expression of the developing brain. General anesthetics have potential long-lasting neurotoxic effects on the developing brain, resulting in behavioral changes in adulthood. We first carried out an unbiased profiling approach to examine the effect of single-episode neonatal general anesthetic, sevoflurance (sevo), exposure on miRNA expression of the brain. Neonatal sevo has a significant effect on the expression of specific miRNAs of the whole brain and the hippocampus that is both immediate – directly after neonatal treatment, as well as long-lasting - during adulthood. Functionally, neonatal sevo-associated miRNA gene-targets share potential neurodevelopmental pathways related to axon guidance, DNA transcription, protein phosphorylation and nervous system development. Our understanding on the role of miRNAs provides a putative epigenetic/molecular bridge that links neonatal general anesthetic’s effect with its associated functional change.
Caution before claim: an overview of microsatellite analysis in ecology and evolutionary biology

Over the past decade, microsatellites, or short tandem repeats (STRs), have become the en vogue marker used in ecological and evolutionary studies for addressing questions concerning phylogenetics, population genetic structure, behavioral ecology and kinship (e.g. Queller et al, 1993a; Jarne and Lagoda, 1996; Goldstein and Pollock, 1997). High heterozygosity levels and mutation rates, a biparental mode of inheritance and their apparent widespread occurrence throughout most species’ genomes make STRs an attractive marker (Tautz, 1989). In addition, the relative ease and low cost with which these markers can be typed have also contributed to their popularity in biological studies. In this chapter, we provide a general overview of STR analysis, including what is currently suspected about mutational processes and STR evolution and review the benefits and limitations, both technical and conceptual, for STR analysis. In general, we express caution in the use of STRs for resolving questions concerning phylogeny, but see greater utility for kinship and paternity studies.
Differences in Hospitalizations Between Fee-for-Service and Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries.

Background:Previous studies found lower hospitalization rates for enrollees in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans than for beneficiaries with fee-for-service (FFS) coverage. MA enrollment is increasing, especially for those newly eligible for Medicare, but little is known about how service use in FFS or
Abstract TP287: tPA Consent: The Role for Paternalism in the Golden Hour

Background: The founding principles of medical ethics are Beneficence, Justice and respect of patient Autonomy. Medical care in the US has rapidly moved away from the paternalistic approach toward ...
New York City Panel on Climate Change 2019 Report Chapter 9: Perspectives on a City in a Changing Climate 2008-2018.

Cities experience multiple environmental shifts, stresses, and shocks—such as air and water pollution—and a variety of extreme events simultaneously and continuously. Current urban programs have focused on limiting the impacts of these conditions through a portfolio of multifaceted strategies, such as regulations and codes, management and restoration projects, and citizen engagement. Global climate change represents a new environmental dynamic to which cities now have to respond. While global climate change by definition has impacts world wide, residents and managers of cities, like New York, typically perceive changes in their own local environments. In most cities, temperature is warming with increasingly hotter and longer heatwaves, and heavier downpours are leading to more frequent inland flooding. In coastal cities, sea levels are rising, exacerbating coastal flooding. Analyzing and understanding the impacts of climate change on cities is important because of the dramatic growth in urban populations throughout the world. An estimated nearly 4.0 billion people reside in urban areas, accounting for 52% of the world’s population (UN, 2017). That percentage will increase dramatically in the coming decades as almost all of the growth to take place up to 2050 will be in urban areas (UN, 2017). The New York City metropolitan region (NYMR)—the five boroughs (equivalent to counties) of New York City and the adjacent 26 counties in the states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut—is an ideal model of an urban agglomeration. Approximately 8.6 million people live in the five boroughs and more than 15 million people live in the neighboring smaller cities, towns, and villages (City of New York, 2018a; US Census, 2017). The population of the five boroughs is projected to add 1 million people by 2030, while the total region is projected to reach 26.1 million (NYTC, 2015).
Adjusting to sex and intimacy: Gynecological cancer survivors share about their partner relationships

This study describes what gynecological (GYN) cancer survivors relate about their intimate partners and adjustments in their sexual lives following diagnosis and treatment. Conventional descriptive content analysis was used to examine participant responses about partner relationships following their diagnosis. Responses revealed three clusters and 15 codes of data. Findings report the influence of cancer treatment on sexual activity and functioning, women's sex lives, and their relationships. Health-care providers have a vital role in supporting women and their partners during the cancer care trajectory and should include both the survivor and the partner in conversations focused on sexual concerns and sexual well-being.
Black Feminists in Serialized Dramas: The Gender/Sex/Sexuality/Race Politics of Being Mary Jane and Scandal

Starring representations of African-American women on television are rare. The versions of Black feminist characters on Scandal (ABC) and Being Mary Jane (BET) create a juxtaposition between a whit...
Molecular Aspects of Thermal Tolerance and Exertional Heat Illness Susceptibility

Thermoregulation includes many physiological, molecular/cellular, and genetic mechanisms that are highlighted in Chap. 2. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of thermal tolerance (on a whole-body level) and relationships to EHS (exertional heat stroke) susceptibility include pathways associated with immune, endocrine, antioxidant, metabolic, skeletal muscle, and nervous system function. Research clearly implicates pathophysiology arising from LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) activation and subsequent endotoxemia/sepsis-induced inflammation and tissue damage. However, the role is not clearly defined because many have not considered the vast complexity in LPS and TLR-associated positive feedback to inflammation. We present aspects of immune function that complicate the relationship between endotoxemia and EHS pathophysiology that should be studied in future research and make it difficult to associate immune-related genotypes with EHS risk. Additionally, we present molecular targets of pharmacological treatments and individual genotypes associated with susceptibility to heat stress and MH (malignant hyperthermia) to depict novel molecular mechanisms likely associated with pathophysiology and EHS susceptibility.
Basic Considerations for the Observability of Kinematically Offset Binary AGN

The gravitational waves from Massive black-hole (MBH) binaries are expected to be detected by pulsar timing arrays in the next few years. While they are a promising source for multimessenger observations as binary AGN, few convincing candidates have been identified in electromagnetic surveys. One approach to identifying candidates has been through spectroscopic surveys searching for offsets or time-dependent offsets of broad emission lines (BLs), which may be characteristic of Doppler shifts from binary orbital motion. In this study, we predict the parameter space of MBH binaries that should be kinematically detectable. There is a delicate trade-off between requiring binary separations to be large enough for BL regions to remain attached to one of the AGN, but also small enough such that their orbital velocity is detectable. We find that kinematic signatures are only observable for the lower-mass secondary AGN, for binaries with total-masses above about $10^8 M_\odot$, and separations between 0.1 and 1 pc. We motivate our usage of a kinematic-offset sensitivity of $10^3$ km/s, and a sensitivity to changing offsets of $10^2$ km/s. With these parameters, and an Eddington ratio of 0.1, we find that 0.5% of binaries have detectable offsets, and only 0.03% have detectable velocity changes. Overall, kinematic binary signatures should be expected in fewer than one in $10^4$ AGN. Better characterizing the intrinsic variability of BLs is crucial to understanding and vetting MBH binary candidates. This requires multi-epoch spectroscopy of large populations of AGN over a variety of timescales.
The Role of Age and Gender on Perception of Women After Cosmetic Rhinoplasty.

Rhinoplasty is known to increase attractiveness; however, the influence of observer age and gender are largely undetermined. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 20 women who underwent cosmetic rhinoplasty between January 1st, 2012, and December 31st, 2019. A total of 4 surveys were constructed with 10 sets of photographs each (5 preoperative and 5 postoperative). Surveys were designed such that photographs of the same patient were not placed in the same survey to avoid recall bias. Each of these surveys were then sent to at least 30 lay people via a web-based survey tool. Anonymous blinded respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to rate their perception of each patient’s aggressiveness, likeability, sociability, trustworthiness, attractiveness, femininity, intelligence and confidence. A multivariate linear mixed effect model was applied to analyze the overall patient trait data as well as to assess age and gender differences. This survey study included photographs of 20 women (mean age, 28.2 years) before and after cosmetic rhinoplasty. A total of 174 respondents (mean age range, 25–34 years [41%]; 108 [62%] were female) completed the survey. Overall, postoperative photographs were perceived as significantly more sociable (0.13; 95% CI, 0.01–0.25), attractive (0.21; 95% CI, 0.09–0.34), feminine (0.18; 95% CI, 0.05–0.30), and confident (0.15; 95% CI, 0.02–0.27). When analyzed by sex, men rated women as less aggressive (−0.42, 95% CI, −0.65,−0.17) and more likeable (+0.45, 95% CI, 0.21–0.69), sociable (+0.38, 95% CI, 0.14–0.62), trustworthy (+0.37, 95% CI, 0.13–0.61), attractive (+0.60, 95% CI, 0.35–0.84), feminine (+0.23, 95% CI, 0.07–0.41) and intelligent (+0.29, 95% CI, 0.04–0.53). In contrast, female respondents indicated an increase in perceived attractiveness (+0.16, 95% CI, 0.06–0.22) and femininity (+0.18, 95% CI, 0.03–0.32) for women after rhinoplasty. Raters aged 25–34 indicated improvements across all traits analyzed. Almost all age ranges rated post-operative photographs as more attractive (18–24: +0.32, 95% CI, 0.19–0.46; 25–34: +0.52, 95% CI, 0.33–0.72; 35–44: +0.29, 95% CI, 0.12–0.51; 45–54: +0.50, 95% CI, 0.11–0.89) while individuals over age 55 only indicated increased trustworthiness (+0.51, 95% CI, 0.03–0.99). These findings suggest that cosmetic rhinoplasty improves perceptions of personality and physical traits of women with males and individuals aged 25–34 indicating the greatest benefit. Level IV.
A method for modeling multiscale geomechanical effects in the stimulated rock volume

AbstractI have developed a workflow to efficiently simulate geomechanical effects in the stimulated rock volume (SRV) by including regional geologic structures such as faults and folds as well as h...
The importance of nutrients for microbial priming in a bog rhizosphere

Wetlands host anaerobic microbes which convert organic carbon into methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas. Wetland plants can influence which carbon compounds are available for microbial processing by exuding freshly fixed carbon from their roots. Exudation of carbon from plant roots can trigger microbial priming: the process of new carbon stimulating the microbial community into processing more soil carbon than they otherwise would have. This study utilized high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis to probe the composition of soil organic compounds from the rhizosphere of Carex aquatillis, a common wetland sedge, which is known to have stimulated microbial priming within peat soil. The goal was to identify what types of molecules were created or lost during microbial priming in the wetland rhizosphere and thus advance mechanistic understanding of the process. FT-ICR-MS analysis demonstrated that more microbial transformations of carbon occurred among water-soluble compounds than among hydrophobic compounds, but that some hydrophobic compounds were processed. Crucially for understanding microbial priming, the root exudates triggered increased processing of high molecular weight molecules regardless of nutrient content but processed low molecular weight compounds only if they contained nitrogen or sulfur, essential nutrients for plant growth. The importance of sulfur in determining molecular utilization is noteworthy because priming literature typically focuses on nitrogen-mining. The fact that some molecules were processed and others were not is evidence for a selective priming effect in which some carbon compounds with specific properties are used at an increased rate, while others are left unaltered.
Examining the Impact of Television-Program-Induced Emotions on Online Word-of-Mouth Toward Television Advertising

In this paper, we exploit a large-scale TV program, the Super Bowl 2016, to investigate the impact of television program–induced emotions on viewers’ online word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior on Twitter ...
Phenotypic and genomic characterization of Pseudomonas putida ITEM 17297 spoiler of fresh vegetables: Focus on biofilm and antibiotic resistance interaction

Pseudomonas putida is widely recognized as a spoiler of fresh foods under cold storage, and recently associated also with infections in clinical settings. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be acquired and transmitted by horizontal genetic transfer and further increase the risk associated with its persistence in food and the need to be deeper investigated. Thus, in this work we presented a genomic and phenotypic analysis of the psychrotrophic P. putida ITEM 17297 to provide new insight into AR mechanisms by this species until now widely studied only for its spoilage traits. ITEM 17297 displayed resistance to several classes of antibiotics and it also formed huge amounts of biofilm; this latter registered increases at 15 ​°C in comparison to the optimum growth condition (30 ​°C). After ITEM 17297 biofilms exposure to antibiotic concentrations higher than 10-fold their MIC values no eradication occurred; interestingly, biomasses of biofilm cultivated at 15 ​°C increased their amount in a dose-dependent manner. Genomic analyses revealed determinants (RND-systems, ABC-transporters, and MFS-efflux pumps) for multi-drugs resistance (β-lactams, macrolides, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, fusidic acid and bacitracin) and a novel ampC allele. Biofilm and motility related pathways were depicted underlying their contribution to AR. Based on these results, underestimated psychrotrophic pseudomonas, such as the herein studied ITEM 17297 strain, might assume relevance in relation to the risk associated with the transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes to humans through cold stored contaminated foods. P. putida biofilm and AR related molecular targets herein identified will provide a basis to clarify the interaction between AR and biofilm formation and to develop novel strategies to counteract the persistence of multidrug resistant P. putida in the food chain.
Legislação brasileira sobre o assédio moral no trabalho / Brazilian legislation on moral harassment at work

O presente artigo se propoe ao estudo da legislacao brasileira no que tange ao assedio moral em sede de Direito Brasileiro, de modo a esclarecer lacunas quanto as especificidades pertinentes ao assedio moral, bem como delimitar projetos de lei importantes para fixacao do tema. Trata-se de uma analise ampla ao nivel legislativo em relacao a tipificacao do assedio moral. Assim, realizou um estudo bibliografico, os resultados apresentados com a pesquisa, fica evidente os esforcos no que tange ao processo legislativo, em protegerem o trabalhador de forma mais ampla possivel, ja que e esta a parte hipossuficiente, quem sustenta com peso a carga tributaria brasileira e ja sofre com os nocivos efeitos da nova reforma trabalhista. Ademais, demonstra o carater de ilicitude do assedio moral, bem como sua coesao com o disposto no processo legislativo.
Impact of Oral Chemotherapy Management Program on Capecitabine Toxicity Management.

PURPOSE:Increasing use of oral chemotherapy has created unique challenges related to patient safety and compliance. To address this issue, the Henry Ford Cancer Institute at Henry Ford Health Syste...
Examining Mobility Among People Living with HIV in Rural Areas

The rise of ridesharing platforms has transformed traditional transportation, making it more accessible for getting to work and accessing grocery stores and healthcare providers, which are essential to physical and mental well-being. However, such technologies are not available everywhere. Additionally, there is a scarcity of HCI work that investigates how vulnerable populations such as rural-dwelling people with HIV face and overcome transportation barriers. To extend past research, we conducted 31 surveys and 18 interviews with people living with HIV (22 surveys, 14 interviews) and their case coordinators (9 surveys, 4 interviews) in rural areas. Contrary to past research, we found that the use of alternative vehicles, extensive support networks, and nonprofit health organizations facilitated transportation. However, distance, the lack of trust and infrastructure, stigma, and other cultural underpinnings made popular forms of urban transportation unappealing. We contextualize our findings with prior research and contribute implications for future research and design.
Online Learning for Stochastic Shortest Path Model via Posterior Sampling.

We consider the problem of online reinforcement learning for the Stochastic Shortest Path (SSP) problem modeled as an unknown MDP with an absorbing state. We propose PSRL-SSP, a simple posterior sampling-based reinforcement learning algorithm for the SSP problem. The algorithm operates in epochs. At the beginning of each epoch, a sample is drawn from the posterior distribution on the unknown model dynamics, and the optimal policy with respect to the drawn sample is followed during that epoch. An epoch completes if either the number of visits to the goal state in the current epoch exceeds that of the previous epoch, or the number of visits to any of the state-action pairs is doubled. We establish a Bayesian regret bound of $O(B_\star S\sqrt{AK})$, where $B_\star$ is an upper bound on the expected cost of the optimal policy, $S$ is the size of the state space, $A$ is the size of the action space, and $K$ is the number of episodes. The algorithm only requires the knowledge of the prior distribution, and has no hyper-parameters to tune. It is the first such posterior sampling algorithm and outperforms numerically previously proposed optimism-based algorithms.
The Role and Function of Work-based Learning in Aviation Management Programs

Work-based learning (WBL) encompasses various and diverse components of experiential learning. Cooperative education and internship comprise two elements of experiential learning constituting WBL in this study. The importance of WBL is amplified by an aviation industry that identifies “job skill and knowledge” as “highly regarded” characteristics of new hires (Phillips, Ruiz, & Mehta, 2006, p. 126). The study sets out to define the roles and functions of WBL and determine their overall importance from the perspective of those that are engaged in administrating and managing WBL activities in Aviation Management (AVM) programs.
Large-Scale Inactivation of Bacillus Anthracis Ames, Vollum, and Sterne Spores Using Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide

This study evaluated the inactivation of Bacillus anthracis Ames, Vollum, and Sterne spores on various materials (glass, Hypalon® rubber glove, and stainless steel) using vaporous hydrogen peroxide...
Diagrams Without Non-prime Arcs

In this chapter, which is independent from the remaining chapters, we will restrict ourselves to A-adequate diagrams D(K) for which the polyhedral decomposition includes no non-prime arcs or switches. In this case, one can simplify the statement of Theorem 5.14 and give an easier combinatorial estimate for the guts of M A . This is done in Theorem 7.2, whose proof takes up the bulk of the chapter.
Invasion Genetics of New World Medflies: Testing Alternative Colonization Scenarios

The Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) is an invasive agricultural pest with a wide host range and a nearly global distribution. Efforts to forgo the medfly's spread into the United States are dependent on an understanding of population dynamics in newly established populations elsewhere. To explore the potential influence of demographic and historical parameters in six medfly populations distributed from Mexico to Peru, we created population genetic null models using Monte Carlo simulations. Null expectations for genetic differentiation (F ST) were compared with actual sequence variation from four highly polymorphic nuclear loci. Four colonization scenarios that were modeled led to unique genetic signatures that could be used to interpret empirical data. Unless current gene flow across Latin America was assumed to be very high, we could reject colonizations consisting of multiple introductions, each of low genetic diversity. Further, if simulated populations were small (N e = 5 × 102 individuals per population), small invasions from a single source consistently produced F ST values comparable to those currently observed in Latin America. In contrast, only large invasions from diverse sources were compatible with the observed data for large populations (N e ≥ 5 × 103). This study demonstrates that alternative population genetic hypotheses can be tested empirically even when departures from equilibrium are extreme, and that population genetic theory can be used to explore the processes that underlie biological invasions.
National Identity and Immigration Policy: Concern for Legality or Ethnocentric Exclusion?

Does support for tough policies against undocumented immigration reflect anti-immigrant sentiments or a neutral concern about upholding laws? This study addresses the question by examining the relationship between different expressions of national identification and ethnocentric enforcement bias—that is, support for punishment of law-breaking immigrants but not law-breaking American employers who knowingly hire undocumented immigrants. Results revealed an association of this enforcement bias with nationalism (an ethnocentric engagement with national identity) but not with patriotism (a more critical engagement with national identity). A moderation analysis indicated that the relationship between nationalism and ethnocentric enforcement bias was most evident among participants who endorsed a “culture”-based construction of American identity in terms of American citizenship and ability to speak English. Discussion focuses on policy developments that reflect a symbolic threat to culture-based constructions of American identity and on the implications for fair and just enforcement of immigration policy.
Waves in Bubbly Liquids

Consider a gas-bubble liquid mixture with β the gas volume fraction p the pressure and ρ the density of the mixture. Let ceff be the effective sound speed of the mixture and τ = ρ−1 the specific volume. We have that $$ {\text{c}}_{{{\text{eff}}}}^{2} = \frac{{{\text{dp}}}}{{{\text{d}}\rho }} = \frac{1}{{{\text{d}}\rho {\text{/dp}}}} = \frac{1}{{{\text{d}}{{\tau }^{{ - 1}}}{\text{/dp}}}} = \frac{1}{{\kappa \rho }} $$ (1.1) where the compressibility κ is defined by $$ \kappa {\text{ = }}\frac{{ - 1}}{\tau }{\mkern 1mu} \frac{{{\text{d}}\tau }}{{{\text{dp}}}} $$ (1.2) i.e. the change of volume with respect to pressure. Now let us assume that density and compressibility of the mixture are simply the averages over the two component values $$ \rho {\text{ = }}{{\rho }_{{\text{g}}}}\beta {\text{ + }}{{\rho }_{\ell }}({\text{1 - }}\beta ),{\mkern 1mu} \kappa {\text{ = }}{{\kappa }_{{\text{g}}}}\beta {\text{ + }}({\text{1 - }}\beta ){{\kappa }_{\ell }} $$ (1.3) where subscripts denote liquid or gas. The density of the gas is typically 1000 times smaller than that of the liquid while the compressibility of the liquid is negligible. Combining (1.1) and (1.3) with this simplification gives the formula $$ {\text{c}}_{{{\text{eff}}}}^{2} = \frac{{\kappa _{{\text{g}}}^{{ - 1}}}}{{{{\rho }_{\ell }}\beta ({\text{1 - }}\beta )}} $$ (1.4) If now p = const. ργ for the gas with γ the ratio of specific heats, we have κ g −1 =γp and hence $$ {\text{c}}_{{{\text{eff}}}}^{2} = \frac{{\gamma \rho }}{{{{\rho }_{\ell }}\beta (1 - \beta )}} $$ (1.5)
A fast SCOP fold classification system using content-based E-Predict algorithm

Domain experts manually construct the Structural Classification of Protein (SCOP) database to categorize and compare protein structures. Even though using the SCOP database is believed to be more reliable than classification results from other methods, it is labor intensive. To mimic human classification processes, we develop an automatic SCOP fold classification system to assign possible known SCOP folds and recognize novel folds for newly-discovered proteins. With a sufficient amount of ground truth data, our system is able to assign the known folds for newly-discovered proteins in the latest SCOP v 1.69 release with 92.17% accuracy. Our system also recognizes the novel folds with 89.27% accuracy using 10 fold cross validation. The average response time for proteins with 500 and 1409 amino acids to complete the classification process is 4.1 and 17.4 seconds, respectively. By comparison with several structural alignment algorithms, our approach outperforms previous methods on both the classification accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we build an advanced, non-parametric classifier to accelerate the manual classification processes of SCOP. With satisfactory ground truth data from the SCOP database, our approach identifies relevant domain knowledge and yields reasonably accurate classifications. Our system is publicly accessible at http://ProteinDBS.rnet.missouri.edu/E-Predict.php .
The role of the autopsy in medical malpractice cases, I: a review of 99 appeals court decisions.

Abstract Context.—We studied 99 appellate court records in cases of alleged medical malpractice and found no relationship between discrepant clinical and autopsy findings and outcome of litigation. Standard-of-care issues and not diagnostic accuracy were at the heart of every case. Objective.—To characterize and discuss issues related to the autopsy and/or pathologist behavior that were raised in court records of medical malpractice litigation. Design.—In 18 appellate court records, issues were raised about quality of autopsy performance and reporting or about death certification. The details of these controversies are succinctly reported here in a manner intended to be instructive to pathologists who perform autopsies in a hospital setting or on a private fee-for-service basis. Conclusion.—Autopsy reports are intended to provide objective medical information in a coherent format to the patient's medical record, to the attending physician and other concerned staff physicians, to other health care professi...
A Fibronectin Receptor on Candida albicans Mediates Adherence of the Fungus to Extracellular Matrix

Binding of fibronectin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, to Candida albicans was measured, and adherence of the fungus to immobilized ECM proteins, fibronectin, laminin, types I and IV collagen, and subendothelial ECM was studied. 125I-labeled fibronectin was inhibited from binding to the fungus by unlabeled human plasma fibronectin and by Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), Gly-Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser-Pro (GRGESP), and Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Thr-Pro (GRGDTP), but binding was not inhibited by Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro. Soluble fibronectin, RGD, GRGESP, and GRGDTP also inhibited fungal adherence to the individual immobilized ECM proteins in a complex pattern, but only soluble fibronectin (10(-7) M) inhibited fungal adherence to subendothelial ECM. Thus, C. albicans possesses at least one type of cell surface receptor for binding soluble fibronectin that can be inhibited with peptides. This receptor apparently is used to bind the fungus to immobilized ECM proteins and to subendothelial ECM and may play a role in the initiation of disseminated disease by bloodborne fungi by providing for adherence of the microorganisms to ECM proteins.
Increased fibrinolytic activity in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass operation

The influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on fibrinolytic activity was assessed by a sensitive clot lysis assay in eight patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations. Fibrinolytic activity increased immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass was begun and remained elevated throughout the period of extracorporeal circulation. At the conclusion of the operative procedure, fibrinolytic activity returned to the normal range in all patients, and no subject had postoperative bleeding.
Screening for depression in African American and Caucasian older women.

Objective: To assess the performance of a two-choice (yes/no), 10-item shortened form of the CES-D in both African American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) older women. The CES-D is a widely used screening instrument, but its use has been questioned for routine screening because of its length and the complexity of its four-choice format. There is also little data available about its suitability low-income AA respondents. Method: Telephone screening for depression followed by in-home diagnostic interviews were conducted in a community sample of 256 CA and 186AA low-income older women who ranged in age from 64 to 94 years. Standard receiver operator curves were plotted to determine the sensitivities and specificities of the screening instrument at different cut-scores against a criterion of SCID-based diagnoses of current major depressive episode (CMDE). Results: Sensitivity and specificity of the 10-item scale and an even shorter 5-item version was slightly higher for AA than for CA women. While both short forms p...
Light Gravitinos at Colliders and Implications for Cosmology

Light gravitinos, with mass in the eV to MeV range, are well motivated in particle physics, but their status as dark-matter candidates is muddled by early-Universe uncertainties. We investigate how upcoming data from colliders may clarify this picture. Light gravitinos are produced primarily in the decays of the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle, resulting in spectacular signals, including di-photons, delayed and nonpointing photons, kinked charged tracks, and heavy metastable charged particles. We find that the Tevatron with 20 fb^(-1) and the 7 TeV LHC with 1 fb^(-1) may both see evidence for hundreds of light-gravitino events. Remarkably, this collider data is also well suited to distinguish between currently viable light-gravitino scenarios, with striking implications for structure formation, inflation, and other early-Universe cosmology.
The link between alcohol use and aggression toward sexual minorities: an event-based analysis.

The current study used an event-based assessment approach to examine the day-to-day relationship between heterosexual men's alcohol consumption and perpetration of aggression toward sexual minorities. Participants were 199 heterosexual drinking men between the ages of 18-30 who completed (1) separate timeline followback interviews to assess alcohol use and aggression toward sexual minorities during the past year, and (2) written self-report measures of risk factors for aggression toward sexual minorities. Results indicated that aggression toward sexual minorities was twice as likely on a day when drinking was reported than on nondrinking days, with over 80% of alcohol-related aggressive acts perpetrated within the group context. Patterns of alcohol use (i.e., number of drinking days, mean drinks per drinking day, number of heavy drinking days) were not associated with perpetration after controlling for demographic variables and pertinent risk factors. Results suggest that it is the acute effects of alcohol, and not men's patterns of alcohol consumption, that facilitate aggression toward sexual minorities. More importantly, these data are the first to support an event-based link between alcohol use and aggression toward sexual minorities (or any minority group), and provide the impetus for future research to examine risk factors and mechanisms for intoxicated aggression toward sexual minorities and other stigmatized groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Reorganization energy, activation energy, and mechanism of hole transfer process in DNA: a theoretical study.

The density functional calculations with aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets on cationic guanine-cytosine (GC+) and adenine-thymine (AT+) base pairs suggest that the cationic charge is almost entirely localized on the G and A units with significant changes in the N–H and N⋯O distances around the H-bonded area. While the calculated intramolecular reorganization energy (λv) for a GC base pair (0.75eV) is remarkably larger than that for an isolated G base (0.49eV), for the AT base pairs these values (0.44 and 0.40eV) are almost the same. The gas phase activation energies (Ea) for GC+GC→GCGC+, AT+AT→ATAT+, and GC+AT→GCAT+ hole transfer processes are 0.19, 0.11, and 0.73eV with rate constants of 1.69×1011, 3.15×1011, and 4.61(0.168)s−1, respectively, at 298K. An alternative mechanism of hole transfer has been proposed on the basis of energy barriers.
Seismic performance of cover‐plate strengthened frames

This paper summarizes results and conclusions of a case study of cover-plate strengthened frames with two, five and ten stories. The study begins with the comparison of a test results from a cover-plate connection assembly specimen with results using a detailed nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model. With a strong correlation to the test specimen, more FEA models are generated and analysed in order to (a) examine the local behavior of cover-plate profiles; various and (b) compare their performance to the simplified structural models that will be used in the static and time history analysis of those of the frames. With the reliable simple structural model of the cover-plate connection assemblies capturing both elastic and inelastic behavior, such a model is incorporated into frames to perform nonlinear static and time history analyses. Nine frames (two-, five- and ten-story steel moment frames with and without a cover plate) are the designed for the study. For comparative purposes, the 1940 Imperial Valley (El Centro station, 0·32g PGA) and the 1994 Northridge (Newhall station, 0·59g PGA) ground motions factored to 0·3 and 0·6g are used in time-history analyses. Global and local performance of frames are discussed in terms of plastic deformation distribution, story shear force and inelastic drift ratio. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.