cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Belief Condensation Filter for Navigation in Harsh Environments

Traditional techniques for navigation such as the Kalman filter cannot capture the nonlinear and non-Gaussian models appearing in wireless localization systems deployed in harsh environments. Nonparametric filters as particle filters can cope with such models at the expense of a computational complexity beyond the reach of low-cost navigation devices. In this paper, we establish a general framework for parametric filters based on belief condensation (BC), which can express highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian system and measurement models. Our methodology exploits the specific structure of the problem and decomposes it in such a way that the linear and Gaussian part can be solved efficiently. The set of parameters for the posterior distribution is updated by an optimization process, referred to as BC. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed parametric filter is close to that of the particle filter, but with a much lower complexity.
Evaluating the impacts of land use changes on hydrologic responses in the agricultural regions of Michigan and Wisconsin

Abstract. Hydrologic fluxes in the Great Lakes region have been altered relative to pre-settlement conditions in response to major land use changes during the past 150 yr. Land surface characteristics and processes including leaf area index, roughness, albedo, soil moisture, and rates of momentum, energy and water vapor exchange are strongly influenced by land use. Changes in land use including urbanization and de(/re)forestation continue to affect the nature and magnitude of groundwater – surface water interactions and water availability influencing ecosystems and their services. One of the goals of the present work is to develop a baseline scenario relative to which the impacts of land use changes on hydrological and environmental processes can be evaluated. In addition, the study can help in quantifying the potential impacts of future projected changes in land use in order to mitigate the negative impacts of these changes on goods and services of value to society. The present study explores the relationship between land use changes and hydrologic indicators within the agricultural regions of Michigan and Wisconsin. Two sets of land use data, the circa 1800 County Base and the 2001 National Land Cover Dataset, were used to setup the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. First, sensitivity analyses were performed both based on pre-settlement and current land use scenarios and the most sensitive parameters were identified. Then, the model was calibrated against measured daily stream flow data obtained from eight United States Geological Survey gauging stations. The impacts of land use changes were studied at three scales: subbasin-level, watershed-level, and basin-level. At the subbasin level, most of the hydrologic behavior can be described by percent change in land cover. At the watershed scale, significant differences were observed based on the long-term average hydrologic fluxes under the current and pre-settlement scenarios. In addition, an overall increase in the amount of evapotranspiration and overland flow and overall decrease in the amount of baseflow and water yield were observed. However, at the basin-level, the majority of the area experienced increased overland flow, decreased baseflow, lateral flow, and recharge to aquifers, and minor changes in evapotranspiration and water yield.
Second opinion pathology in tertiary care of patients with urologic malignancies.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of second opinion pathology in patients who are seen in consultation for urologic malignancy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who were seen at our institution in consultation for urologic malignancy from August 2002 to April 2008. All available pathologic slides were reviewed by the urologist and pathologist at the time of consultation and compared with the original diagnosis. Discrepant diagnoses were reviewed by at least 2 pathologists. Diagnostic disagreements were graded as minor or major according to the significance of their effect on treatment or prognosis. We report the proportion and types of diagnostic discrepancies and their impact on patient care. Results A total of 264 patients were seen in consultation. Of these, 213 had pathologic material available for review: prostate cancer 117 (55%), bladder cancer 83 (39%), testis cancer 5 (2%), renal pelvis or ureteral cancer 5 (2%), retroperitoneal tumor 2 (1%), and kidney cancer 1 (0.5%). Disagreement with the original diagnosis was found in 22 cases (10%), of which 18 (8%) were classified as major, and 4 (2%) were classified as minor. Interventions avoided or delayed, as a direct result of second opinion pathology, were a prostate biopsy in 1 patient, management of metastatic prostate cancer in 1 patient, partial nephrectomy in 1 patient, management of urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) in 1 patient, and radical cystectomy in 5 patients. Interventions recommended or performed were radical prostatectomy in 1 patient, and radical cystectomy in another. Additional pathology from subsequent biopsy or surgery was available in 12 of the 22 patients, and the second opinion pathologic diagnosis was supported in all patients. Conclusions A second opinion review of surgical pathology for urologic malignancy can result in major therapeutic and prognostic changes, which can impact patient care. Our results support the review of all pathology by the urologist and pathologist as part of the consultation in patients with urologic malignancy.
A transient heat conduction model for reactor fuel elements

Abstract A two region, lumped-parameter model is developed for the treatment of thermal transients in reactor fuel elements. The fuel-region heat condution is treated by a fundamental mode approximation to the time-dependent Green's function. The model also accounts for the thermal resistance of the fuel-cladding gap and the cladding-coolant interface, and for the non-negligible heat capacity of both the fuel and cladding regions. The thermal resistance of the cladding is neglected. The resulting differential equations are similar to those that are obtained were the lumped-parameter model of Tong. The results from the fundamental mode model and the Tong model are compared to exact analytical results that are obtained for a number of highly idealized problems. The fundamental mode model is then used to treat a series of highly idealized loss-of-coolant transients. The fundamental mode model has been incorporated into the FLASH-2 code to treat more realistic accident transients.
Security risks: management and mitigation in the software life cycle

A formal approach to managing and mitigating security risks in the software life cycle is requisite to developing software that has a higher degree of assurance that it is free of security defects, which pose risk to the computing environment and the organization. Due to its criticality, security should be integrated as a formal approach in the software life cycle. Both a software security checklist and assessment tools should be incorporated into this life cycle process and integrated with a security risk assessment and mitigation tool. The current research at JPL addresses these areas through the development of a Software Security Assessment Instrument (SSA1) and integrating it with a Defect Detection and Prevention (DDP) risk management tool.
Separation of hemoglobin peptides by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

(1980). Separation of Hemoglobin Peptides by high Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Hemoglobin: Vol. 4, No. 3-4, pp. 551-559.
A GROUPING GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR THE MULTIPLE TRAVELING SALESPERSON PROBLEM

The multiple traveling salesperson problem (MTSP) involves scheduling m > 1 salespersons to visit a set of n > m locations. Thus, the n locations must be divided into m groups and arranged so that each salesperson has an ordered set of cities to visit. The grouping genetic algorithm (GGA) is a type of genetic algorithm (GA) designed particularly for grouping problems. It has been successfully applied to a variety of grouping problems. This paper focuses on the application of a GGA to solve the MTSP. Our GGA introduces a new chromosome representation to indicate which salesperson is assigned to each tour and the ordering of the cities within each tour. We compare our method to standard GAs that employ either the one-chromosome or two-chromosome representation for MTSP. This research demonstrates that our GGA with its new chromosome representation is capable of solving a variety of MTSP problems from the literature and can outperform the traditional encodings of previously published GA methods.
Floating-point division and square root implementation using a Taylor-series expansion algorithm with reduced look-up tables

Hardware support for floating-point (FP) arithmetic is an essential feature of modern microprocessor design. Although division and square root are relatively infrequent operations in traditional general-purpose applications, they are indispensable and becoming increasingly important in many modern applications. In this paper, a fused floating-point multiply/divide/square root unit using the Taylor-series expansion algorithm with reduced lookup tables is presented. The implementation results of the proposed fused unit based on standard cell methodology in IBM 90 nm technology exhibits that the incorporation of square root function to an existing multiply/divide unit requires only a modest 20% area increase and the same low latency for divide and square root operation can be achieved (12 cycles). The proposed arithmetic unit also exhibits a reasonably good area-performance balance.
Sequencing, expression, and characterization of cDNA expressed flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 from mouse.

The cDNA clone of mouse flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 (FMO2) was obtained as an expressed sequence tag (EST) isolated from a female mouse kidney cDNA library from the I.M.A.G.E. consortium (I.M.A.G.E. CloneID 1432164). Complete sequencing of the EST derived a nucleotide sequence for mouse FMO2, which contains 112 bases of 5' flanking region, 1607 bases of coding region, and 309 bases of 3' flanking region. This FMO2 sequence encodes a protein of 535 amino acids including two putative pyrophosphate binding sequences (GxGxxG/A) beginning at positions 9 and 191. Additionally, this mouse FMO protein sequence shows 87 and 86% homology to rabbit and human FMO2 respectively. The mouse FMO2 sequence was subcloned into the expression vector pJL-2, a derivative of pKK233-2 and used to transform XL1-Blue Escherichia coli. FMO activity in particulate fractions isolated from isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyanoside (IPTG) induced cells was heat stable (45 degrees C for 5 min) and demonstrated optimal activity at a relatively high pH of 10.5. The expressed FMO2 enzyme showed catalytic activity towards the FMO substrate methimazole and further analysis of E. coli fractions utilizing NADPH oxidation demonstrated that the mouse FMO2 enzyme also exhibits catalytic activity towards thiourea, trimethylamine, and the insecticide phorate.
FETAL HARM DUE TO PATERNAL DRUG EXPOSURE: A POTENTIAL ISSUE IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT

It is well established that maternal exposure to certain drugs can result in fetal harm, including fetal death or other major adverse effects on fetal development. No causal associations have been established between paternal drug exposures and fetal harm in humans. Data from some preclinical studies, however, suggest that paternal drug exposures (particularly, exposures to genotoxic drugs) could cause fetal harm. This review describes mechanisms by which paternal drug exposure might lead to fetal harm; outlines results of relevant preclinical and clinical studies; notes the difficulty of detecting fetal harm related to paternal drug exposure (if it occurs), given the high background rates of spontaneous abortion and significant birth defects in the population; and suggests approaches that may mitigate the risk of fetal harm, when men participate in investigational drug studies.
Not Forgetting Sex: Simon on Gender Equality

In 1985 in Sports and Social Values (which would become Fair Play), and extending throughout three later editions of the text, Robert Simon has been asking questions about the conditions for sex eq...
Bladder function and falls in individuals with multiple sclerosis

AbstractPurpose: To examine the association between bladder function and falls while controlling for mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods: A total of 92 ambulatory individuals with MS (mean age ± SD = 59.1 ± 7.3 years, female n = 69) were divided into two groups based on self-reported bladder function (none-mild n = 43 versus moderate-severe n = 49). The main outcome measure was a number of self-reported falls in the previous 3 months. Participants’ demographic information (age, type of MS, gender, use of the assistive device) was also collected. The balance was quantified with the Berg balance scale, and walking speed was indexed with the timed 25-foot walk test. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between bladder function and falls in individuals with MS while controlling for balance and walking.Results: The median number of self-reported falls in the previous 3 months was 2 (interquartile range, 0–4). The severe bladder dysfunction group was...
Ertapenem-Containing Double-Carbapenem Therapy for Treatment of Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

We describe outcomes of patients with infections with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) who received ertapenem-containing double-carbapenem therapy (ECDCT). Clinical success was observed in 7/18 (39%) patients overall: bloodstream infections, 3/7 (43%); pneumonia, 1/5 (20%); intraabdominal infections, 0/2 (0%); urinary tract infections, 2/3 (67%); and a skin and skin structure infection, 1/1 (100%). Microbiologic success was observed in 11/14 (79%) evaluable patients; 5/18 (28%) patients died. ECDCT may be effective for CRKP infections with limited treatment options.
Magnetic Rotational Spectroscopy with Nanorods to Probe Time-Dependent Rheology of Microdroplets (Postprint)

In situ characterization of minute amounts of fluids that rapidly change their rheological properties is a challenge. In this paper, the rheological properties of fluids were evaluated by examining...
Considerations in Architecting Heterogeneous Teams of Humans and Robots for Optimal Space Exploration

Human-robotic systems will play a critical role in space exploration, should NASA embark on exploration missions to the moon and Mars. Humans and robots will be required to work in teams to explore and conduct science on planetary surfaces, and erect, maintain, and repair space-based infrastructure. Although there is a growing body of literature on human robotic interactions (HRI), there is not yet a framework that lends itself both to a formal representation of heterogeneous teams of humans and robots, and to an evaluation of such teams across a series of common, task-based metrics. In this paper, we examine multiple considerations for architecting heterogeneous teams of humans and robots. Our objective is to lay the foundations of a unified framework for architecting human-robotic systems for optimal task performance given a set metrics. Such a framework is necessary to optimally leverage the capabilities of humans and robots in space exploration, and is expected to be an invaluable tool in planning future exploration missions to the moon and Mars.
A streamlined, enhanced self-report physical activity measure for young adults

Many health promotion practitioners and researchers use the self-report International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to estimate physical activity (PA) level. Reporting days/week and minutes/day engaging in PA can be challenging for participants. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a streamlined, enhanced scoring method of the IPAQ that could reduce participant burden and improve research reporting. IPAQ data from 1471 U.S. university students (79% White, 58% female) at 8 universities were scored using IPAQ traditional short-form scoring algorithm (IPAQ-TSA) to generate metabolic equivalents (METS/minute/week) and an IPAQ Streamlined Scoring Algorithm (IPAQ-SSA) without minutes/day using weighted exercise intensity and days/week. IPAQ-TSA and IPAQ-SSA measures categorize participants into high, moderate, or low PA level based on their PA patterns. Spearman rank correlations between IPAQ-SSA and IPAQ METS (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) were moderate. Correlations between IPAQ-TSA and IPAQ-SSA cat...
Analysis on Antibody Levels of 1,268 Individuals After Being Inoculated Rabies Vaccine in Huarong

Objective To investigute the impact of age,sex,season,sampling time and procedure on the immunization effect.Methods The indirect ELISA method was used to detect the antibody levels of 1,268 serum samples which were collected by Huarong CDC from January,2007 to November,2009.Results The positive rate of antibody against the rabies virus was 93.7%.Age,procedure and sampling time were the affecting factors of antibody level in serum except sex and season.Conclusions Most of people can be protected after being inoculated the rabies vaccine when being harmed by animals.It is important to detect the antibody level after immunization.Those who have not produced the antibody have to strengthen the immunity promptly and enhance the immune body to transfer positive rate.The severe patient could get a satisfied immunizing effect after being injected anti-rabies serum and 5-dose rabies vaccines.The sampling time is an affecting factor for the determination of human anti-rabies virus antibody.
Application of alkyl polyglucosides

The main features of alkyl polyglucosides(APG),such as low irritation to human skin and eyes,good (biodegradability),low ecological toxicity and antibacterial capability etc.were briefly presented.APG can be used as main surfactant or co-surfactant in the formulations of various products such as cosmetics,laundry detergents,dishwashing (detergents,)food,plastics and pesticides to provide synergistic effect or inhibition of the irritation on human skin of other (surfactants.)The application of APG can be extended to other fields such as pharmaceutical manufacture and petroleum crude oil recovery enhancing.APG can be chemically processed to get various derivatives and thus the scope of application can be further expanded.
Riding the Interface: An Anarchist Reading of Gravity's Rainbow

Anarchists and allusions to anarchy appear in all of Pynchon's novels. In V., Venezuelan agitator the Gaucho, of the bomb-throwing school of social upheaval, argues tactics with the violence-weary Signor Mantissa in Florence. In The Crying of Lot 49, Oedipa Maas and Jesus Arrabal ponder the "anarchist miracle": "another world's intrusion into this one" (120). In Vineland, Wobblies, student collectives and countercultural dropouts position themselves in opposition to the state. And in Mason & Dixon, the title characters often self-reflexively question their roles as mercenaries charged with subdividing America just as revolutionary fervor grips the colonies. Besides these evident textual references, Pynchon often sympathetically represents varied forms of civil disobedience, resistances to corrupt and confining institutions, and other libertarian behavior which may be characterized as anarchistic. These representations are most visible, though, in Gravity's Rainbow. I will argue that the shape and scope of the novel, in all its complexity, are informed by anarchist thought.
Lubricated immersed boundary method in two dimensions

Many biological examples of fluid–structure interaction, including the transit of red blood cells through the narrow slits in the spleen and the intracellular trafficking of vesicles into dendritic spines, involve the near-contact of elastic structures separated by thin layers of fluid. Motivated by such problems, we introduce an immersed boundary method that uses elements of lubrication theory to resolve thin fluid layers between immersed boundaries. We demonstrate 2nd-order accurate convergence for simple two-dimensional flows with known exact solutions to showcase the increased accuracy of this method compared to the standard immersed boundary method. Motivated by the phenomenon of wall-induced migration, we apply the lubricated immersed boundary method to simulate an elastic vesicle near a wall in shear flow. We also simulate the dynamics of a vesicle traveling through a narrow channel and observe the ability of the lubricated method to capture the vesicle motion on relatively coarse fluid grids.
Record Keeping and Data Collection

It is one thing to understand which actors and what actions are involved with challenger (de)mobilization and state repression. It is quite another to understand exactly what is involved with an analysis of such activity. Essentially, I maintain that there are three elements to any analysis of challenger (de)mobilization. First, one has to have a challenger that can be observed from its inception to its demise. Second, one has to have information not only about what the challengers do in general but also against the authorities in particular as well as what happens inside of the challenging organization on a daily basis, before, during, and after any government action has been taken against them. Third, one has to have a detailed understanding of the different activities undertaken by authorities against the relevant challengers as well as some understanding of other external influences that might play a role in the particular organization’s survival. Each is discussed subsequently.
Fat male sexuality: The monster in the maze

This article explores cinematic and televisual representations of fat male sexuality; rare in mainstream culture, the few depictions foreground abject embodiment to monstrous effect. From tabloid a...
The Argument for Free Trade and its Underlying Assumptions

Adam Smith and David Ricardo both played important roles in the development of the theory of international trade. Both argued strongly for free trade on the basis that gains from trade were universally available. Both economists were concerned with reducing the degree of protection from very high levels, and both were writing in that period of surging dynamism, the industrial revolution. Smith was primarily concerned with the elimination of involvement on the part of government in economic matters: his doctrine of the efficiency of the invisible hand relied upon the existence of effective competition among firms. Smith’s advocacy of free trade relied on the existence of gains from trade and a more competitive economy. Ricardo was a major intellectual force behind the repeal of the Corn Laws in the UK in 1846. Neither argument was laid out with an explicit set of assumptions, but Smith (1976, Book IV, ch. 2) did countenance the need for some gradualism in the rate of reduction of protective measures. He found even this argument exaggerated on the grounds that workers ‘thrown out of one employment would easily find another’. The classical assumption of full employment and the spontaneity of its attainment was a basic component of the argument. Mill’s refutation of protection is standard. The argument is presented in a chapter entitled, ‘Of Interferences of Government Grounded on Erroneous Theories,’ and the text leads into the subject matter with, ‘Of these false theories, the most notable is the doctrine of Protection to Native Industry’ (Mill, 1909, p. 917).
Observations of Africanized honey bee Apis mellifera scutellata absence and presence within and outside forests across Rondonia, Brazil

The Africanized honey bee (AHB) has generated much research on invasion ecology and impacts on native pollinators ever since its introduction in Brazil approximately 60 years ago. Some have sought to determine how deforestation plays a role in mediating impacts between the AHB and native pollinators. We present the largest-ever, systematic survey of AHB presence/absence in the Neotropics to test to what extent the AHB prefers to forage within forests vs. outside forests. AHB presence/absence within and outside forest fragments was recorded at 187 locations distributed across the state of Rondonia, Brazil. The landscapes at each location varied in terms of overall level of deforestation and the length of time since modern human settlement. AHB presence was significantly higher outside forest cover. These findings agree with previous studies documenting the spread of AHBs in the Amazon in their preference for deforested areas.
Coupling between marine boundary layer clouds and summer-to-summer sea surface temperature variability over the North Atlantic and Pacific

Climate modes of variability over the Atlantic and Pacific may be amplified by a positive feedback between sea-surface temperature (SST) and marine boundary layer clouds. However, it is well known that climate models poorly simulate this feedback. Does this deficiency contribute to model-to-model differences in the representation of climate modes of variability? Over both the North Atlantic and Pacific, typical summertime interannual to interdecadal SST variability exhibits horseshoe-like patterns of co-located anomalies of shortwave cloud radiative effect (CRE), low-level cloud fraction, SST, and estimated inversion strength over the subtropics and midlatitudes that are consistent with a positive cloud feedback. During winter over the midlatitudes, this feedback appears to be diminished. Models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 that simulate a weak feedback between subtropical SST and shortwave CRE produce smaller and less realistic amplitudes of summertime SST and CRE variability over the northern oceans compared to models with a stronger feedback. The change in SST amplitude per unit change in CRE amplitude among the models and observations may be understood as the temperature response of the ocean mixed layer to a unit change in radiative flux over the course of a season. These results highlight the importance of boundary layer clouds in interannual to interdecadal atmosphere–ocean variability over the northern oceans during summer. The results also suggest that deficiencies in the simulation of these clouds in coupled climate models contribute to underestimation in their simulation of summer-to-summer SST variability.
The spread of “big box” retail firms and spatial stratification

Large “big box” retail firms, including general merchandisers (e.g., Walmart and Target) as well as “category killers” (e.g., Home Depot and Toys “R” Us), have spread rapidly across the United States over the past 4 decades. These firms have been lauded for their presumed consumer benefits linked to expansive product selections and discount prices. They have also been criticized for their perceived negative effects on locally owned businesses, jobs, and wages. We provide an overview of the existing literature and point to promising directions for the development of theory and research on this topic. We, in this article, highlight the importance of this shift in economic organization and encourage sociologists to critically examine the stratification consequences of the rise and spread of these firms.
Targeting adenosine in cancer immunotherapy: a review of recent progress

The adenosine pathway plays a key role in modulating immune responses in health and in disease. In health, anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine balance pro-inflammatory ATP, limiting tissue destruction by activated immune cells. In disease, this balance is disturbed. Areas covered: This review focuses on cancer and explains how in the microenvironment, the ATP-adenosine balance shifts towards an excess of extracellular adenosine Expert commentary: The CD73-adenosine axis plays a key role in the inhibition of anti-tumor functions of immune effector cells. Today, adenosine emerges as one of the immune checkpoints that are implicated in the tumor escape from the host immune system. The adenosine pathway is currently viewed as a significant barrier to the effectiveness of immune therapies and becomes an important therapeutic target in cancer. Pharmacologic inhibitors or antibodies specific for the components of the adenosine pathways or adenosine receptors show efficacy in pre-clinical studies and are entering the clinical arena.
Providence and the Problem of Evil

Aquinas argued that a human being's life is divided into two unequal portions, one very small portion before death and another, infinitely enduring, after death. Aquinas held that the state of a person at the end of the smaller portion of his life determines his state in the infinitely extended portion of his life after death. Aquinas's views of the best thing and the worst thing for human beings mark out a scale of value on which human suffering and the benefits that might be thought to redeem it can be measured. Aquinas himself thinks that acceptance of the view that there is an afterlife and that true happiness consists in union with God in that afterlife is essential to his theodicy. It is also important to recognize that the best thing, the upper limit of Aquinas's scale of value for human lives, comes in degrees. Aquinas argued that human beings differ greatly in what constitutes for them the peak human condition of union with God. Aquinas took the justification and sanctification of postlapsarian human beings to be the means by which a person becomes healed of the disease in the will. Justification occurs when a human person recognizes and rejects the moral evil in him and yearns for the goodness of God.
Effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 in improving adenoviral mediated gene expression and suicide gene therapy inhumanTCC-sup bladder cancer

4579 Introduction : The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of FK228 effects in improving adenoviral mediated gene expression and suicide gene therapy in human bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Material and Methods : TCC-sup (CAR deficient) cells were treated with FK228 and cultured with Ad5GFP. GFP expression was analyzed with the FACS 24 h later. Cytotoxicity of FK228 to TCC-sup cells was examined with the MTT assay after 48 hours of applying of FK228. The Ad5tk were constructed and used in therapeutic assay. After 48 h pre-treated with FK228, cells were transduced with Ad5tk. Ganciclovir (GCV) was added to the media next day and incubated for 72 hours. Number of viable cells at the end of incubation was determined using a standard MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were detected with annexin V-FITC apoptpsis detection kit. CAR status after administered of FK228 at 10 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml for 48 hours was examined with the monoclonal CAR antibody and PE-conjugated secondary antibody, and analyzed with FACS. Expression of E-cadherin was assessed with Western blotting after administered FK228 in TCC-sup cells. Cell immigration was measured with the wound scraped method. To testing FK228 inhibition in TCC-sup cells, the cell invasion chambers were used. To determine the treatment efficacy, subcutaneous TCC-sup tumors were established in nude mice and treated combined Ad5tk/GCV with FK228. Results : Cells treated with 1ng/ml and 10 ng/ml FK228 for 48 h prior to Ad5GFP infection had a 2.4-fold and 2.6-fold increase in GFP expression. After administered of FK228, the cell growth percentage decreased 30% at 1ng/ml and 71% at 10 ng/ml compared with the control. Effect of FK228 to enhance Ad5tk inhibition on cell viability: FK228 very strongly inhibited cell growth at a dose of 10 ng/ml vs the positive control (Ad5tk/GCV alone) (p = 0.006). The cell survival with10 ng/ml FK228 was 31%. There was a very clear dose responses relationship with treatment of FK228. The cell survival with10 ng/ml FK228 was 31% at 300 MOI. The apoptosis cells were significantly increased by adding FK228 to Ad5TK + GCV. The proportion was 5-fold increase vs control cells (Ad5TK + GCV alone). Expression of CAR induced by FK228: FK228 up-regulated CAR expression 9-fold vs control cells. E-cadherin protein was increased by addition of FK228 in cells. Immigration was significantly inhibited after added FK228 in TCC-sup cells ( p p p Conclusion : Ad5tk suicide gene therapy was improved by FK228 administration,, which may contribute to the up-regulation of CAR and E-caderin expression.
A Scalable Graph-Coarsening Based Index for Dynamic Graph Databases

A graph database D is a collection of graphs. To speed up subgraph query answering on graph databases, indexes are commonly used. State-of-the-art graph database indexes do not adapt or scale well to dynamic graph database use; they are static, and their ability to prune possible search responses to meet user needs worsens over time as databases change and grow. Users can re-mine indexes to gain some improvement, but it is time consuming. Users must also tune numerous parameters on an ongoing basis to optimize performance and can inadvertently worsen the query response time if they do not choose parameters wisely. Recently, a one-pass algorithm has been developed to enhance the performance of frequent subgraphs based indexes by using the algorithm to update them regularly. However, there are some drawbacks, most notably the need to make updates as the query workload changes. In this paper, we propose a new index based on graph-coarsening to speed up subgraph query answering time in dynamic graph databases. Our index is parameter-free, query-independent, scalable,small enough to store in the main memory, and is simpler and less costly to maintain for database updates. Experimental results show that our index outperforms hybrid-indexes (i.e. indexes updated with one-pass) for query answering time in the case of social network databases, and is comparable with these indexes for frequent and infrequent queries on chemical databases. Our index can be updated up to 60 times faster in comparison to one-pass on dynamic graph databases. Moreover, our index is independent of the query workload for index update and is up to 15 times faster after hybrid-indexes are attuned to query workload.
Bruchverhalten von Kohlenstoffaserverstärkten Kunststofflaminaten

Der Schadigungsmechanismus und der Schadigungsgrad von multidirektionalen CFK-Laminaten infolge einer Belastung hangt einerseits vom Laminataufbau, andererseits von den verwendeten Grundmaterialien und deren Eigenschaften ab. Dazu wurden Untersuchungen zur Werkstoffcharakterisierung vorgenommen und definierte MSV-Laminate unterschiedlicher Matrixsysteme statisch und mit einer Schwingbelastung gepruft. Mit verschiedenen Untersuchungsmethoden wurde der Schadigungsgrad bestimmt.
Physicians' Legal Responsibility to Report Impaired Drivers

Physicians have a professional obligation and, in many states, a legal duty to report drivers whose functional or cognitive impairments may pose a safety hazard. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Treatment Planning for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a novel cancer treatment strategy where ultra-high doses per fraction are used, generally in the range of 8–20 Gy per fraction in a hypofractionated regimen of five or fewer fractions, to achieve a high biologically effective dose (BED). Such high doses per treatment were unimaginable in the past because of concerns about radiation-induced injury to organs at risk (OARs) if large volumes of OARs were irradiated to high doses. However, with recent technical advancements in highly conformal treatment planning, image-guided radiotherapy, and delivery technologies, it has become possible to safely deliver very large fractional doses of radiation to lesions in the lung, liver, spine, pancreas, and other disease sites. SBRT involves technically sophisticated treatment planning processes consisting of a chain of activities including: immobilization/simulation, motion management, imaging for treatment planning, segmentation, beam-setup and optimization, and plan verification. Clinicians are usually concerned of a possible compromise in treatment efficacy for any weak link in the planning chain process. A further cause for concern is the influence that errors or inaccuracies in the dose calculation may have on the treatment efficacy. Such errors arise from inherent limitations in the calculation algorithm used, which are more significant in some anatomical sites than others. In this chapter, treatment planning for linac-based delivery systems for lung, liver, spine, and pancreas is reviewed. In addition, the impact of the choice of calculation algorithm on the accuracy of dose distributions is discussed.
A Survey of U.S. Education Policy Regarding the Education of Adults

In the United States, adult and workforce education (AE) seems to be located, simultaneously, both everywhere and nowhere in particular. Ongoing shifts in national economic demands and changes in r...
Regulating language, not inference: an examination of the potential effectiveness of Natural American Spirit advertising restrictions

Objective In 2017, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reached an agreement with Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company (SFNTC) stipulating that SFNTC will remove ‘natural’ and ‘additive-free’ from Natural American Spirit (NAS) marketing to combat misperceptions that NAS is a healthier cigarette. The purpose of this study was to assess experimentally the potential effectiveness of the agreement in addressing NAS misperceptions. Methods In an online experiment, 820 current and former smokers were assigned randomly to advertising conditions with existing claims from NAS advertisements, modified claims or a no-exposure control. Advertising conditions included (1) ‘original’ NAS advertising text before the agreement; (2) ‘2017 agreement’ language permissible under the FDA–SFNTC agreement (removing ‘natural’, ‘additive-free’); (3) more restrictive (‘stricter’) language representing additional regulation (removing ‘natural’ from the brand name and the phrases ‘tobacco+water’, ‘no chemicals’). Participants completed outcome measures assessing misinformed beliefs and intentions towards NAS. Results One-way ANOVA showed that relative to the ‘original’ language, the ‘2017 agreement’ language reduced misconceptions about NAS addictiveness, but not about health or constituent composition. Yet ‘stricter’ language significantly reduced all categories of misinformed beliefs, which in turn mediated effects on (lower) intentions to use NAS. Conclusion The 2017 agreement helps dispel some misconceptions about NAS addictiveness, but does not sufficiently rectify misinformation about health or composition. Since ‘stricter’ language more effectively corrects misinformed beliefs, our results suggest the need for further regulations in addressing misinformation that drives intentions towards NAS.
Entrepreneurial education for the entrepreneurial university: a stakeholder perspective

Entrepreneurial universities have gained increasing prominence across the globe and are now engines for regional economic development. While a few, elite universities are successful at developing and exploiting entrepreneurial capital, most universities have achieved only modest results, even after changing organizational structures, incentive systems and strategic priorities. Given this dichotomy, it is time for universities to examine how entrepreneurial education can play a greater role in shaping the entrepreneurial university model to exploit its benefits. We argue that the two institutionalized metrics—number of new firms formed and the amount of licensing revenue—used to evaluate performance of entrepreneurial universities are not easily applicable to science and technology entrepreneurship education. We integrate logic from stakeholder theory to provide a framework for explaining the relationship between entrepreneurship education and the formal and informal processes of technology commercialization within the entrepreneurial university. In addition, we advance a set of questions and performance metrics to evaluate entrepreneurial education initiatives inside of the entrepreneurial university. Thus, our paper includes educational assessment metrics reflecting the needs of a wider variety of stakeholders, including administrators, students, and technology commercialization offices. We conclude with a discussion on the implications for this framework including future research directions.
Balibar, citizenship, and the return of right populism:

Arendt famously pointed out that only citizenship actually confers rights in the modern world. To be a citizen is to be one who has the ‘right to have rights’. Arendt’s analysis emerges out of her ...
Thicknesses of Chemically Altered Zones in Shale MatricesResulting from Interactions with Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid

Hydraulic fracturing of unconventional shale reservoirs increases the fracture network surface area to access hydrocarbons from the low permeability rock matrix. Porosity and permeability of the matrix, through which hydrocarbons migrate to fractures, are important for determining production efficiency and can be altered by chemical interactions between shale and hydraulic fracturing fluids (HFFs). Here, we present results from an experimental study that characterizes the thickness of the alteration zone in the shale matrix after shale–HFF interactions. Experiments were conducted with whole cores submerged in HFF both with and without added barium and sulfate to promote barite scale formation. After 3 weeks of reaction at 77 bar and 80 °C, the cores were characterized using X-ray microtomography, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe imaging, and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our results show that the thickness of the altered zone depends on shale mineralogical composition and varies for ...
Higher quality de novo genome assemblies from degraded museum specimens: a linked-read approach to museomics

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWHigh-throughput sequencing technologies are a proposed solution for accessing the molecular data in historic specimens. However, degraded DNA combined with the computational demands of short-read assemblies has posed significant laboratory and bioinformatics challenges. Linked-read or synthetic long-read sequencing technologies, such as 10X Genomics, may provide a cost-effective alternative solution to assemble higher quality de novo genomes from degraded specimens. Here, we compare assembly quality (e.g., genome contiguity and completeness, presence of orthogroups) between four published genomes assembled from a single shotgun library and four deer mouse (Peromyscus spp.) genomes assembled using 10X Genomics technology. At a similar price-point, these approaches produce vastly different assemblies, with linked-read assemblies having overall higher quality, measured by larger N50 values and greater gene content. Although not without caveats, our results suggest that linked-read sequencing technologies may represent a viable option to build de novo genomes from historic museum specimens, which may prove particularly valuable for extinct, rare, or difficult to collect taxa.
Annotated Bibliography of NINR Findings on Women's Health in Pregnancy and Childbirth: 2009 Update.

‘‘The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) supports basic and clinical research that develops the knowledge to build the scienti¢c foundation for clinical practice, prevent disease and disability, manage and eliminate symptoms caused by illness, and enhance end-of-life and palliative care. NINR anticipates that sharing this on-going series of annotated bibliographies with the nursing community will increase knowledge and awareness of these valuable research ¢ndings in women’s health in pregnancy and childbirth, and support the continued development of evidencebased practice. As we look to the future, NINR will continue to fund the research that addresses the most pressing health care needs of our nation.’’
Inhibition of BCR/ABL-T315I by Dismantling the Hydrophobic Spine.

Mutation in the ABL kinase domain is the principal mechanism of imatinib resistance (IM R ) in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The second generation BCR/ABL inhibitors, Nilotinib and Dasatinib, are effective in inhibiting essentially all IM R variants, but not the gatekeeper mutant T315I. Substitution of a bulky hydrophobic residue for the gatekeeper threonine not only causes steric blockade to the inhibitor but also stabilizes the active kinase conformation through a network of hydrophobic connections dubbed the hydrophobic-spine. In this study we describe the molecular mechanisms employed by the gatekeeper mutation to stabilize the active conformation, and demonstrate that these structural components can be targeted by the small molecule inhibitor compound #14, which efficiently inhibits native and gatekeeper mutant forms of the BCR/ABL kinase. Structural modeling and mutagenesis of residues constituting the spine suggests that compound #14 inhibits the kinase by disrupting the hydrophobic spine. Screening for drug resistance in vitro selected for clones having compound mutations involving both the P-loop and gatekeeper residues. Our studies provide structural guidance for the design of inhibitors against the gatekeeper mutant, and suggest that combination therapy may be required to prevent the emergence of compound resistance mutations.
A Framework for Graduated Teacher Autonomy: Linking Teacher Proficiency With Autonomy

AbstractTeachers’ autonomy contributes to their development and retention decisions. While proficient teachers would benefit from more autonomy, developing teachers often require more structure and...
Calcium-Oxalate-Dihydrate Production

We are embarking on a program to study calcium-oxalate-dihydrate (COD or weddellite) formation and require a reproducible method of COD production. The following study is an examination of factors favoring COD precipitation.
Effects of carbohydrate quality and amount on plasma lactate: results from the OmniCarb trial.

Introduction Plasma lactate is a marker of non-oxidative glucose metabolism associated with progression to diabetes. We examined the effect of carbohydrate quality (glycemic index (GI)) and amount (%kcal) on plasma lactate. We hypothesized that low GI (≤45 (g)) versus high (≥65 (G)) and low %kcal from carbohydrate (40% kcal (c)) versus high (58% kcal (C)) each would reduce lactate levels. Research design and methods We measured lactate in OmniCarb, a randomized, cross-over trial of four diets in overweight/obese adults without diabetes or cardiovascular disease (N=163). The four diets were high carbohydrate+high GI (CG, reference), high carbohydrate+low GI (Cg), low carbohydrate+high GI (cG), and low carbohydrate+low GI (cg). Participants (N=163) consumed each of the four diets over a 5-week period, separated by 2-week washout periods. Plasma lactate levels were measured at baseline, during which the participants consumed their own diets, and after each 5-week period. Results Baseline plasma lactate was 1.2 mmol/L. In the setting of high carbohydrate amount, reducing GI lowered plasma lactate non-significantly by 0.08 mmol/L (Cg vs CG: 95% CI −0.16 to 0.00; p=0.06). In the setting of high GI, reducing carbohydrate amount lowered plasma lactate by 0.10 mmol/L (cG vs CG: 95% CI −0.19 to −0.02; p=0.02). The combined effect of reducing GI and carbohydrate proportion in the diet (cg vs CG) was similar (cg vs CG: −0.08; 95% CI −0.16 to 0.00; p=0.04). All four diets reduced plasma lactate compared with baseline. Conclusions Compared with a diet with high GI and high carbohydrate amount, diets with low GI and/or low carbohydrate amount reduced plasma lactate. Whether this change in lactate leads to long-term change in glucose metabolism needs to be examined. Trial registration number NCT00608049.