cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unexpectedly uneven: posttransplant skeletal distribution of hematopoietic stem cell clones.

![Figure][1] Insight from Elliott Hagedorn (left) and Leonard Zon A new study by Gerald de Haan, Leonid Bystrykh, and colleagues suggests that the skeletal distribution of transplanted hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clones is surprisingly nonuniform. The extent to which HSCs engraft in
Fe-S Cluster Assembly Pathways in Bacteria

Summary: Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are required for critical biochemical pathways, including respiration, photosynthesis, and nitrogen fixation. Assembly of these iron cofactors is a carefully controlled process in cells to avoid toxicity from free iron and sulfide. Multiple Fe-S cluster assembly pathways are present in bacteria to carry out basal cluster assembly, stress-responsive cluster assembly, and enzyme-specific cluster assembly. Although biochemical and genetic characterization is providing a partial picture of in vivo Fe-S cluster assembly, a number of mechanistic questions remain unanswered. Furthermore, new factors involved in Fe-S cluster assembly and repair have recently been identified and are expanding the complexity of current models. Here we attempt to summarize recent advances and to highlight new avenues of research in the field of Fe-S cluster assembly.
Honeylocust Plant Bug and Leafhopper: Response to Water Stress and Cultivar

Abstract In East Lansing, Michigan, honeylocust plant bugs Diaphnocoris chlorionis (Say) hatch from overwintering eggs in early May when leaf buds open. They progress through five larval stages by ...
Thermal Analysis of a Solid Breeder TBM Under ITER Operational Conditions

The Quarter Port Submodule (QPS) was proposed as a Solid Breeder (SB) Test Blanket Module under the US program of the SB blankets. The QPS features layer configuration, in its left half, where the SB pebble beds are parallel to the first wall and edge-on configuration, in its right half, where the SB pebble beds are perpendicular to the first wall. The objective of this study is to investigate: (i) the QPS thermal profile under steady state conditions and ITER transient loads, and (ii) the impact of the interface conductance h on the QPS thermal profile. In addition the effect of lack of contact, at the SB pebbleslstructure interface, on the QPS thermal profile is presented. The results of the steady state cases showed that h has a significant impact on the QPS thermal profile. The QPS transient analysis provided results on: (i) QPS thermal profile under a pulse length of 400s, (ii) burning time required for reaching the equilibrium temperatures, and (iii) time needed to cool the QPS. In the cases of lack of contact, the maximum temperature of the SB pebble beds exceeded the SB temperature limit, which may cause sintering of the pebbles and consequently inhibit the tritium release.
Three Generations of Comparative Sociologies

Surveying three generations of comparative sociologists, separated by abrupt discontinuities, the study reaches the conclusion that the original promise of comparative sociology set in motion a century ago remains largely unfulfilled. It will then be argued that the work of the third generation of comparative sociologists on civilizational analysis and multiple modernities can redeem the promise of comparative sociology by rectifying the neglect of developmental patterns in other civilizations and recovering the fundamental relevance of the periphery. The third generation is thus seeking to undo the erasure of the historical experience of a very sizeable portion of humankind from the foundation of social theory. This argument is illustrated by selective reference to the concept of the nation-state, and comparisons of civilizational processes and developmental patterns that stem from different religions and traditions and generate varieties of nationalism, alternative modernities and patterns of secularization.
A unified perspective on copper deficiency and cardiomyopathy

Dietary copper restriction in rats results in cardiomyopathy. In rats fed copper-restricted diets from weaning for 5 to 8 weeks, a concentric hypertrophy is apparent, whereas postweaning copper restriction does produce cardiomyopathy without apparent hypertrophy. Both sets of circumstances appear to affect the integrity of the basal laminae of cardiac myocytes and capillaries. In rats fed copper-restricted diets from weaning, decreases in cytochrome c oxidase are related not only to copper's role as a coenzyme, but also to a marked decrease in the nuclear encoded subunits of the enzyme complex. Decreased levels of the delta-subunit of ATP synthase have been observed. However, such aberrations in mitochondrial enzymes, as well as morphologic alterations, apparently do not affect cardiac levels of ATP. This review suggests mechanisms of cardiac adaptation and initiation factors leading to cardiac hypertrophy. We present a hypothetical working model explaining the events leading to cardiac failure in the copper-deficient rat heart based on the present body of knowledge, and compare the pathology with other models of cardiomyopathies.
Design of ARM Temperature Control System of in the Perlite Productive Process

Has made an introduction of embedded processor S3C44B0X based on ARM in the perlite expanded furnace temperature-controlled system application, analysed the construct of hardware system, the temperature controlling strategies and the design method of software. PID increment controlling strategies has been adopted in the closed loop control system, controlling precision and the reaction time was increased, and the product quality of perlite was guaranteed.
Large-scale public spaces of Legionella contamination monitoring results of analysis in Daxing

Objective:Daxing District to carry out large-scale centralized air-conditioning systems in public places of testing for Legionella,To understand the regional large-scale public places Legionella contamination.Methods:Using simple random sampling method selected use of central air-conditioning systems 9 units,collecting samples to carry on Legionella separation,identification and colony counting.Results:9 units were collected from 72 cooling tower water samples,detection of Legionella pneumophila 11,the detection rate was 15.28%.Conclusion:Large area of central air-conditioning supplies,services,and mobility more than the number of large,multi-building business functions Legionella most polluted.In response to these situations,cleaned and disinfected should be taken to shorten the cycle,to enhance knowledge management training,customer diversion peak periods,reducing the same building as the business functions and so on,to reduce the risk of Legionella infection.Health supervision departments should actively urge the central air-conditioning units for disinfection and cleaning,to carry out disinfection effect evaluation.At the same time,large buildings should be carried out within the staff-related prevention and control knowledge,information and education,reduce the susceptible population.
263 EX VIVO ANALYSIS OF AIRWAY CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION BY A β-AGONIST

Purpose A fundamental feature of asthma is an enhanced contractile response to stimuli. Given the physiological interplay between airway epithelia and smooth muscle cells, cell culture model systems are of limited utility in defining functionally relevant mechanisms impacting airway contraction and relaxation. We have established a lung explant culture system that retains contractile characteristics of intact airways. Methods Tracheal rings (˜ 4 mm) were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Viability of explants was confirmed by microscopic observation of ciliary beating prior to treatment and by contractile response to 90 mM KCl after treatment. Explants were contracted using 2.5 μM methacholine (MCh) followed by relaxation using 100 μM isoproterenol (Iso) or 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP. Airway responsiveness was assessed by measuring the cross sectional area of the lumen using time-lapse video microscopy. Results Explants from 6 animals were analyzed and the cross sectional area expressed as percent reduction in the area at baseline. Mean (SD) sustained contractility of all explants following MCh was 21(11)% (n = 47). Subsequent addition of Iso and 8-Br-cAMP significantly reversed contraction by 14% (n = 21) and 52% (n = 15), respectively. 8-Br-cAMP induced relaxation was significantly better than that by Iso. Repetitive treatment with Iso at 30-minute intervals following Mch-induced contractility demonstrated tolerance to the relaxing effect of Iso. Conclusion Ex vivo cultures of rat airways can be utilized as a model to study mechanisms for relaxing hyperresponsive airways. This model provides an intact airway system that can be used to study interaction between airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells to better understand airway disease.
The research on urban adaptive stress of ethnic minority migrant workers in Guiyang

226 ethnic minority migrant workers in Guiyang city were invited to complete the ethnic minority migrant workers' urban adaptive stress questionnaire which was a self-developed scale.Results: The main stressors of them were society environment,nation and culture,job or employment,interpersonal relationship and life problem;Their urban adaptive stress was moderate,and their stress from job or employment,society environment,and life problem were comparatively high,while their stress from nation and culture was low;There were some differences of their urban adaptive stress between different age,the level of education,income and living time of city.
Test results and countermeasures of water quality of swimming pool in Tianjin City

[Objective]To collect the test results of water quality of swimming pool in Tianjin City in recent 4 years,to analyze the existed problem,and put forward coping method.[Methods]The detection was based on" Hygienic Standard Test Method for Public Places"GB / T 18204-2000,and the evaluation was based on"Health Standards for Swimming Pool"GB 9667-1996.[Results] The test results of swimming pool during 2009-2012 showed that the qualified rates of chlorine and urea were relatively low; the qualified rate of rree residual chlorine,urea,total bacteria,coliform group was 35%-55%,70%-81%,89%-93%,95%-99%, respectively; the higher chlorine content was,the higher pass rates of microbial indicators had. [Conclusion]There are 2 major problems about swimming pool water. One is residual chlorine unstable fluctuation that lack of scientific administration. The other is urea content is too high,failed to timely supplementing qualified new water. The high qualified rates of total bacterial count and coliform bacteria indicates excessive disinfectant added in some swimming pool which may also be a potential danger to the swimmer, and should arouse wide public concern.
Case Report: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Report of a Case with Torticollis, Blepharospasm, and Dysfluency

ABSTRACT A 76-year-old man is reported with advanced progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) who developed a persistent, gradually progressive torticollis over a period of several months. Blepharospasm and dysfluency of the extrapyramidal type antedated the torticollis. This first report of torticollis in PSP reinforces previous notions that torticollis is related to pathologic changes in the striatum and brainstem. In addition, the combination of torticollis and blepharospasm in our patient supports the previous concept that these two “focal dystonias” have a common pathophysiologic mechanism. This also suggests that dysfluency in PSP may be an expression of a focal dystonia involving the muscles of articulation.
Tolerance to Cardiac Allografts Induced in Utero With Fetal Liver Cells

Background Induction of immunological tolerance in utero has potential application in pediatric cardiac transplantation. We describe an inexpensive, reproducible, and well-characterized model of allogeneic tolerance induction in utero using donor-strain fetal liver cells. Methods and Results Each of 9 Lewis (LEW, RT1 1 ) rat fetuses in one litter (group 1) and 10 LEW fetuses in another litter (group 2) were inoculated intraperitoneally at 17 to 18 days of gestation with 1X10 6 ACI (RT1 a ) rat fetal liver cells. Ten LEW fetuses in a third litter inoculated with PBS (group 3) and 10 LEW noninoculated fetuses in a fourth litter (group 4) served as controls. The LEW rats were brought to term, and groups 1, 3, and 4 were grafted with neonatal ACI skin within 24 hours of birth and with heterotopic ACI hearts at 8 to 10 weeks of age ; group 2 rats received only an ACI heart graft at 8 to 10 weeks. Skin and cardiac grafts were monitored by daily visual inspection and palpation, respectively. Peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) populations in all LEW recipients were analyzed with flow cytometry. All LEW fetuses survived to term and developed normally. The ACI skin and cardiac allografts on 3 of the 9 LEW rats in group 1 are viable to date (skin, > 170 days ; cardiac, > 100 days). The remaining 6 recipients of this group and all animals in groups 2, 3, and 4 rejected their skin and cardiac grafts by postgrafting day 7. Significant PBL chimerism (1.57%) was observed in only 1 tolerant rat. Conclusions We describe allogeneic tolerance induction in utero to both rat skin and cardiac tissue with donor-strain fetal liver cells. Compared with previous studies using adult splenocytes as the tolerogen, we achieved a higher frequency of tolerance with a markedly lower cell inoculum and no abortions. Interestingly, both donor-strain fetal liver cells and neonatal skin grafts were required to maintain tolerance into adulthood. Immunocompetence sufficient to reject allografts was noted in neonates, and PBL chimerism was not prominent in tolerant recipients.
Renal cell carcinoma occurring in a polycystic kidney of a transplant recipient.

AbstractA patient suffering from polycystic kidney disease was returned to chronic maintenance hemodialysis because of chronic rejection of a kidney transplant. One of his native kidneys was excised because of persistent hematuria, enlargement and unusual angiographic findings. Renal cell carcinoma was found in the nephrectomy specimen. The occurrence of renal cell carcinoma in polycystic kidneys is reviewed and the implications for transplantation are discussed. We conclude that pretransplantation angiograms are indicated in transplant recipients with polycystic kidney disease.
12. Median SSEPs phase reversal technique

In this presentation, I will give an overview of the principle, methodology, interpretation and troubleshooting of this neurophysiologic technique used in cortical sensorimotor mapping and monitoring during supratentorial surgery. I will show multiple examples of recordings and how important information can be extracted from these recordings even in the absence of a phase reversal. I will then go over the main causes of uninformative recordings, such as anesthetic effects, suboptimal location of the recording electrodes, brain pathology, or technical reasons. I will give examples of how inter-individual variability of morphology, amplitudes and latencies of median SSEPs play a significant role in accurate interpretation of these recordings, and thus in accurate localization of the central sulcus(CS) and sensorimotor cortex and why, in spite of its challenging methodology and interpretation, it is important to use it together with cortical electrical stimulation. I will conclude with a case presentation: I will first show how different information extracted from the patient’s history/clinical presentation/neuroimaging becomes relevant to the intraoperative recordings; I will then conclude with images of SSEPs recordings from the same case and how their interpretation helps with CS localization in the absence of phase reversal.
Transformation of Human Diploid Fibroblasts by Radiation and Oncogenes

Most human cancers appear to be clonal in origin; that is, they are derived from a single cell that has apparently undergone the process of malignant transformation in vivo. Whether the progeny of this cell will eventually give rise to an invasive, malignant tumor depends upon a number of host and tissue factors. The malignant transformation of cells in vitro is also a complex, multi-step process by which normal cells acquire the various phenotypic characteristics of cancer cells. Three major steps appear to be involved: the development of morphologic transformation, immortality, and tumorigenicity. Although rodent cells will readily undergo immortalization in vitro either spontaneously or in response to treatment with chemical or physical carcinogens, immortalization appears to be the rate-limiting step in the transformation of human diploid cells (1).
Aggregate Path Coupling: One-Dimensional Theory

In this chapter, we illustrate the aggregate path coupling method for models with one-dimensional macroscopic quantities. The model chosen is the mean-field Blume-Capel model where the relevant macroscopic quantity is the one-dimensional magnetization S n ∕n. The mean-field Blume-Capel model is ideally suited for the analysis of the relationship between the thermodynamic equilibrium behavior and mixing times due to its intricate phase transition structure. Specifically, as discussed in Subsection 3.2.2, the phase diagram of the model includes a curve at which the model undergoes a continuous phase transition, a curve where the model undergoes a first-order phase transition, and a tricritical point which separates the two curves.
Research in Forensic Accounting - What Matters?

The purpose of this paper is to build on and expand Stone and Miller's (2013) (henceforth, Stone and Miller) propositions concerning "what matters" in forensic accounting research. Forensic accounting research that matters is a function of the purpose(s) of forensic accounting research. Stone and Miller's work serves as a prelude for more mature forensic accounting research, a starting point for a debate about what constitutes forensic accounting research that matters. We critique their work and extend the debate by further developing their propositions.
Remote Sensing of Nitrogen and Carbon Isotope Compositions in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Stable isotopes have been frequently used to indicate processes occurring in soils, plants, and the atmosphere at scales from individual organisms to an entire ecosystem. Remote sensing, on the other hand, is a powerful tool used to identify ecosystem patterns and processes at larger scales. A union of these two approaches would hold promise for spatially continuous estimates of isotope compositions, thus providing unprecedented information into the patterns and processes within the Earth’s ecosystems. To date, however, the combination of isotope and remote sensing techniques is still in the exploratory stage. Here, two examples, one utilizing high spectral resolution remote sensing and the other employing high spatial resolution remote sensing, are suggested as possible approaches for the integration of stable isotope and remote sensing techniques. First, the feasibility of using high-resolution spectral data to estimate the vegetation δ15N from leaf to canopy levels is tested. Experimental results have shown that there is a strong correlation between foliar δ15N and spectral reflectance (R) in certain visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Stepwise regression indicates that the first-difference of the log 1/R explains 76–92% of the variation in foliar δ15N, providing the most reliable correlations in bands near 600 and 700 nm. Second, if the vegetation-soil δ13C relationship can be quantified on ground, soil δ13C distribution can be estimated by high-resolution satellite. Although limitations exist, because of the non-destructive and continuous nature, remote sensing is a promising tool to expand measurements of terrestrial δ15N and δ13C spatial patterns and dynamics.
Procedures for the Study of Biological Soft Tissue with the Electron Microprobe

Advances in electron microprobe X-ray analysis have opened a new frontier in biology. To be useful for the biologist, a low accelerating voltage is required to achieve an X-ray spot size of 1 μor less.
Breast cancer intrinsic subtypes by PAM50 in older women.

1524 Background: Breast cancer (BC) incidence dramatically increases with age and the number of older BC patients (pts) in the U.S. is rising. Although immunohistochemical (IHC) data confirm that t...
SIMULTANEOUS KINETIC ANALYSIS

Abstract Four-component mixtures are analyzed by simultaneous kinetic methods using a mini computer on-line with a stopped-flow spectrometer. The data handling techniques include variable rates of data acquisition, linear least squares regression analysis, centering the data, and the use of a correlation matrix. The chemical system observes the rate of dissociation of metal Zincon complexes at 620 nm (each complex has a different molar absorptivity as well as a different rate constant). Simultaneous analysis of mixtures of Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ and Cu 2+ at 10 -6 to 10 -5 M concentrations are reported.
DreamGigs: A

Digital employment tools ought to support job seekers in developing viable career paths while preparing them with necessary skills for employment. This is particularly important for job seekers who are not highly educated and lack access to resources such as career counseling. We designed, implemented, and conducted a preliminary evaluation of a prototype -- DreamGigs, a tool to help job seekers understand the career-related skills they would need to obtain to reach their -dream" job or gig. Our preliminary results suggest that DreamGigs is helpful for job seekers in understanding what skills employers need, identifying potential pathways towards their career goals, and accessing opportunities to gain the necessary skills. We contribute the design of this tool, our implementation, and the results of our initial evaluation with low-resource job seekers.
The Neonatal Nurse Practitioner as Surgeon

Purpose: Over the last six decades, the prevalence of United States of America males having a circumcision (penis foreskin removal) is on the order of about 80%. Our review of the peer review medical literature reveals no articles regarding Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NNPs) performing this high-volume surgery. Our practice captures the same financial compensation independent of the credentialed provider’s specialty when a circumcision is performed. This study examines the hypothesis that NNPs can safely perform newborn male circumcisions with an improved value to cost for our multispecialty medical …
Concomitant ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy and stenting is an effective treatment for tandem carotid artery lesions.

Abstract Objective Data regarding the treatment of tandem carotid artery lesions at the bifurcation and ipsilateral, proximal common carotid artery (CCA) are limited. It has been suggested that concomitant treatment with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and proximal ipsilateral carotid artery stenting confers a high risk of stroke and death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technique and outcomes of this hybrid procedure at a single institution. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed including patients who underwent CEA + ipsilateral carotid artery stenting for treatment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease between December 2007 and April 2017. Primary endpoints were postoperative myocardial infarction, neurologic event, and perioperative mortality. Results Twenty-two patients (15 male [68%]) underwent CEA + ipsilateral carotid artery stenting with a mean follow-up of 67 ± 77 months. The mean age was 70.0 ± 6.1 years old, all with a prior smoking history (eight current smokers [64%]). Twelve patients (55%) were treated for symptomatic disease and three had a prior ipsilateral CEA (one also with CAS). Computed tomographic angiography imaging was performed preoperatively in 21 patients (95%). CEA was performed first in 18 patients (82%) followed by ipsilateral carotid artery stenting. CEA was performed with a patch in 20 and eversion endarterectomy in two patients. Ipsilateral CCA was stented in 21 patients (96%) and one innominate was stented in a patient with a right CEA. Additional endovascular interventions were performed in three patients: 1 innominate stent, 1 distal ipsilateral internal carotid artery stent, and 1 right subclavian artery stent. All proximal stents were placed with sheath access through the endarterectomy patch in 12 (55%), CCA in 7 (32%), and through the arteriotomy before patching in 3 (14%). Distal internal carotid artery clamping was performed in 18 (90%, available 20) of patients before ipsilateral carotid artery stenting. All proximal lesions were successfully treated endovascularly with no open conversion. One dissection was created and treated effectively with stenting. One perioperative stroke (4.5%) occurred in a patient treated for symptomatic disease, 1 postoperative myocardial infarction (4.5%), and 2 patients (9.1%) with cranial nerve injuries. There was one patient who expired within 30 days, shortly after discharge for unknown reasons. The mean length of stay was 2.6 ± 2.0 days. Conclusions In appropriately selected patients, concomitant CEA and ipsilateral carotid artery stenting can be safely performed in high-risk patients with a low risk of myocardial infarction, neurologic events, and perioperative mortality when careful surgical technique is used, using direct carotid access, and distal carotid clamping for cerebral protection before stenting.
HEALTHCARE ENCOUNTERS AS PREDICTORS OF DEATH ANXIETY IN OLDER ADULTS

Literature suggests 10–15% of Americans experience death anxiety (DA). While DA is a response to heightened death awareness, research has not fully explored the link between DA and healthcare utilization. 2012 Health and Retirement Study data were used. Three binary logistic regressions analyzed hospitalization, ER admission, nursing facility placement, and outpatient visits’ abilities to predict DA (0 = “none,” 1 = “at least some”) over the past week. Model 1 included demographics and all four types of healthcare encounters. One item from the Beck Anxiety Inventory assessed DA. Most subjects in the sample (N = 7,185) were married (n = 4,302), and White (n = 5,479). Fifteen percent reported ER admissions, 24.6% reported hospitalizations, 1.1% reported nursing facility placements, and 91.5% reported outpatient visits. Regression results from each model showed nursing facility placement and outpatient visits to be statistically significant predictors of DA across all models (OR ranges = 2.23–2.38 and 1.23–1.25 respectively, p < .05 in all models). Hospitalization predicted DA in Models 1 (OR = 1.30, p = .004) and 2 (OR = 1.46, p < .001). Model 3 showed ER admission (OR = 1.52, p < .001) predicted DA. Results from each model indicated individuals who experienced nursing facility placements exhibited double the odds of experiencing DA, compared to those who did not. Outpatient visits were the weakest predictor of DA in each model. DA’s association with healthcare utilization provides implications for providers. Future research should explore the relation between DA and health outcomes.
Nonlinear response to cancer nanotherapy due to macrophage interactions revealed by mathematical modeling and evaluated in a murine model via CRISPR-modulated macrophage polarization

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to both aid and hinder tumor growth, with patient outcomes potentially hinging on the proportion of M1, pro-inflammatory/growth-inhibiting, to M2, growth-supporting, phenotypes. Strategies to stimulate tumor regression by promoting polarization to M1 are a novel approach that harnesses the immune system to enhance therapeutic outcomes, including chemotherapy. We recently found that nanotherapy with mesoporous particles loaded with albumin-bound paclitaxel (MSV-nab-PTX) promotes macrophage polarization towards M1 in breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM). However, it remains unclear to what extent tumor regression can be maximized based on modulation of the macrophage phenotype, especially for poorly perfused tumors such as BCLM. Here, for the first time, a CRISPR system is employed to permanently modulate macrophage polarization in a controlled in vitro setting. This enables the design of 3D co-culture experiments mimicking the BCLM hypovascularized environment with various ratios of polarized macrophages. We implement a mathematical framework to evaluate nanoparticle-mediated chemotherapy in conjunction with TAM polarization. The response is predicted to be not linearly dependent on the M1:M2 ratio. To investigate this phenomenon, the response is simulated via the model for a variety of M1:M2 ratios. The modeling indicates that polarization to an all-M1 population may be less effective than a combination of both M1 and M2. Experimental results with the CRISPR system confirm this model-driven hypothesis. Altogether, this study indicates that response to nanoparticle-mediated chemotherapy targeting poorly perfused tumors may benefit from a fine-tuned M1:M2 ratio that maintains both phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment during treatment.
Physician Career Choice and Satisfaction: Empirical Studies of Practicing Physicians

Physician Career Choice and Satisfaction: Empirical Studies of Practicing Physicians summarizes the results of three studies that detail how and why physicians choose the types of practices where they work, physicians’ personal characteristics, and their satisfaction with their work.
Scalar power spectra and turbulent scalar length scales of high-Schmidt-number passive scalar fields in turbulent boundary layers

High-Schmidt-number passive scalar fields resulting from an isokinetic release in a turbulent boundary layer are characterized via turbulent scalar length scales, fractal geometry, intermittency, and power spectrum in the inertial-convective (I-C) and viscous-convective (V-C) regimes.The analysis indicates that the V-C scaling behavior deviated significantly from Batchelor's -1 scaling law for all Reynolds numbers and initial nozzle diameters. The scalar fluctuation intermittency, which generates nonGaussian tails in the PDFs of the scalar fluctuations and produces a large dissipation rate, explains the steep spectral slope in the V-C regime.
Dermatologic diagnoses in oncology patients of color on anticancer therapy: Five-year retrospective review of outpatient dermatology consultations.

12084Background: Dermatologic toxicities from cancer treatments affecting patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds or skin of color (SOC) patients is an understudied area of research. T...
Evaluation and improvement of the thermoregulatory system for the two-node bioheat model

Abstract The two-node bioheat model is widely used in thermal comfort standards and design tools. In recent years, there have been many new experimental studies and thermoregulatory models developed under stressful heat or cold conditions, but those have not been tested under the two-node model structure. Furthermore, limited validation studies of the two-node model revealed significant discrepancies in the prediction of skin temperature. This study collects relevant thermoregulatory models (six for sweating, three for skin blood flow and shivering, and four for sweat evaporation efficiency) and devises a methodology to compare the accuracy of various model combinations against experimental data. An improved model is developed and validated under heat and cold exposure conditions. The RMSE method is used to compare the accuracy of various model combinations and to optimize the proposed thermoregulatory model constants. The results reveal that only several model combinations can be considered as accurate for the core and skin temperature predictions, amongst which are the proposed models at the first rank.
Motivated and Capable but No Space for Error: Women’s Experiences of Contributing to Open Source Software

This article presents the results of a research study about the experiences of women in Open Source Software communities. The lack of women in computing professions serves as a cause of social inequity and in this research we develop a nuanced understanding of the experiences of women participating in open-source software. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with eleven women representing multiple countries and a variety of open-source software projects. The theory of individual differences in gender and information technology (IT) laid the foundation for data analysis and interpretation. The results demonstrate varied experiences of women, the need for women-to-women mentoring, and the need for presence and enforcement of Codes of Conduct in the online communities. Women shared their experiences of working in a variety of roles and the importance of all the roles in product development and maintenance. The persistence of women in OSS communities despite the toxic masculine culture, and their interest in improving the environment for other women and marginalized newcomers, was evident from the interviews.
Prevalences of and characteristics associated with single- and polydrug-involved U.S. Emergency Department Visits in 2018.

Abstract Introduction Nonfatal and fatal drug overdoses have recently increased. There are limited data describing the range of illicit, prescribed, and over-the-counter drugs involved in overdoses presenting to U.S. emergency departments (EDs). Methods Using 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide ED Sample (NEDS) data, we calculated weighted counts and percentages by drug among overdose-related ED visits. Overdose-related ED visits were those having an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) drug poisoning code falling under parent codes T36-T50 (codes involving alcohol were not explicitly queried). We identified the top 30 mutually exclusive polydrug combinations and compared characteristics of visits by polydrug status. Results In 2018, 908,234 ED visits had a T36-T50 drug poisoning code. The most frequently reported drugs involved were opioids (30.3% of visits; heroin: 15.2%), benzodiazepines (11.0%), stimulants (7.9%), other/unspecified antidepressants (7.1%), 4-aminophenol derivatives (6.6%), and other/unspecified drugs, medicaments, and biological substances (11.8%). Overdose was uncommon for most other drug classes (e.g., antibiotics). Polydrug visits were more likely to involve females (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.16), be coded intentional self-harm (PR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.77-1.85), and result in hospitalization (PR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.79-1.89) or death (PR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.53) compared to single-drug overdose-related visits. Benzodiazepines, opioids, and/or stimulants were most frequently involved in polydrug overdoses. Conclusion Opioids, benzodiazepines, and stimulants were most commonly reported in both single-drug and polydrug overdose-involved ED visits. Other drugs involved in overdoses included antidepressants and 4-aminophenol derivatives. Jurisdictions can use data on drugs involved in overdoses to better tailor prevention strategies to emerging needs.
Oncogenic KRAS-Induced Feedback Inflammatory Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview and New Therapeutic Opportunities

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains highly refractory to treatment. While the KRAS oncogene is present in almost all PDAC cases and accounts for many of the malignant feats of PDAC, targeting KRAS or its canonical, direct effector cascades remains unsuccessful in patients. The recalcitrant nature of PDAC is also heavily influenced by its highly fibro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises an acellular extracellular matrix and various types of non-neoplastic cells including fibroblasts, immune cells, and adipocytes, underscoring the critical need to delineate the bidirectional signaling interplay between PDAC cells and the TME in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies. The impact of tumor-cell KRAS signaling on various cell types in the TME has been well covered by several reviews. In this article, we critically reviewed evidence, including work from our group, on how the feedback inflammatory signals from the TME impact and synergize with oncogenic KRAS signaling in PDAC cells, ultimately augmenting their malignant behavior. We discussed past and ongoing clinical trials that target key inflammatory pathways in PDAC and highlight lessons to be learned from outcomes. Lastly, we provided our perspective on the future of developing therapeutic strategies for PDAC through understanding the breadth and complexity of KRAS and the inflammatory signaling network.
Effects of Two Interventions on Solving Basic Fact Problems by Second Graders with Mathematics Learning Disabilities.

This study used a multiple probe across participants design, replicated across two interventions and counterbalanced across participant groups to examine the effects of number sense intervention an...
The Dolbeault complex in infinite dimensions I

Infinite dimensional complex analysis was a popular subject in the sixties and seventies, but in the last fifteen years enjoyed much less attention. Oddly enough, this very same period began to see the emergence of examples of infinite dimensional complex manifolds, in mathematical physics, representation theory, and geometry. Thus it appears to be a worthwhile undertaking to revisit infinite dimensional complex analysis, and, in particular, to clarify fundamental properties of infinite dimensional complex manifolds. The most fundamental questions at this point seem to be related to the solvability of the inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann, or 0, equations, and more generally to the study of the Dolbeault complex. (As an example, in [Le3] we use a result on the a equation to describe the Virasoro group as an infinite dimensional complex manifold.) Up to now precious little has been known about the solvability of the infinite dimensional & equation; the available results pertain to solving the equation in domains in or over locally convex topological vector spaces, and almost exclusively on the level of (0, 1)-forms. Postponing the precise definitions to sections 1, 2, below we discuss those results that are of immediate relevance to this paper; see [D2] for more. In [Li] Ligocka observes that H6rmander's proof of Ehrenpreis' theorem (see [E], [Hor]) can be extended to infinite dimensions to solve the equation
Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase, and enolase from Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract The Bacillus subtilis genes tpi, pgm, and eno, encoding triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM), and enolase, respectively, have been cloned and sequenced. These genes are the last three in a large putative operon coding for glycolytic enzymes; the operon includes pgk (coding for phosphoglycerate kinase) followed by tpi, pgm, and eno. The triose phosphate isomerase and enolase from B. subtilis are extremely similar to those from all other species, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic. However, B. subtilis PGM bears no resemblance to mammalian, fungal, or gram-negative bacterial PGMs, which are dependent on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) for activity. Instead, B. subtilis PGM, which is DPG independent, is very similar to a DPG-independent PGM from a plant species but differs from the latter in the absolute requirement of B. subtilis PGM for Mn2+. The cloned pgm gene has been used to direct up to 25-fold overexpression of PGM in Escherichia coli; this should facilitate purification of large amounts of this novel Mn(2+)-dependent enzyme. Inactivation of pgm plus eno in B. subtilis resulted in extremely slow growth either on plates or in liquid, but growth of these mutants was enhanced by supplementation of media with malate. However, these mutants were asporogenous with or without malate supplementation.
No fractals in fossil extinction statistics

Statistical analyses of the fossil record seek to discover the mechanisms controlling biotic diversity throughout the Earth's history. Sole et al.1 reported that many extinction time series are statistically self-similar, with 1/f power spectra, suggesting that extinctions are driven by self-organized criticality or by other scale-free internal dynamics of the biosphere. Here we show that the apparent self-similarity and 1/f scaling reported by Sole et al. are artefacts of their interpolation methods. Extinction records that are not interpolated show no evidence of fractal scaling.
Biological Effects of Leptospiral Lipids

Abstract Lipids were extracted from virulent Leptospira pomona and were purified. These lipids fixed complement in the presence of antiserum to L. pomona but did not stimulate the production of homologous agglutinins in rabbits, mice, or hamsters. When subsequently challenged, all of the mice and hamsters were fully susceptible to L. pomona. The lipid material was neither dermonecrotic nor lethal for mice or hamsters, but 382 μg of lipid from virulent or avirulent leptospires inhibited the growth of normal mice. Leptospiral lipids were toxic for peritoneal macrophages maintained in vitro, and when administered simultaneously with a million lethal doses of L. pomona, the lipids hastened death of the hamsters, presumably by inhibiting phagocytosis early in the course of the infection.
Signal transduction: Rhomantic interludes raise blood pressure

Calcium is a crucial player in the contraction of both smooth and striated muscle. Smooth muscles regulate the size of the lumen of many different vessels including the arteries, airways, and gut, and so their abnormal contraction can cause diseases such as asthma or high blood pressure. A new drug called Y-27632, which specifically inhibits the Rho-associated kinases, renders smooth muscles less sensitive to calcium. Furthermore, this drug is able to reduce high blood pressure in animals. However, its benefits in treating patients with high blood pressure have yet to be elucidated.
Zidovudine Phamacokinetics in Five HIV Seronegative Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

A few reports in the literature describe zidovudine (AZT) pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing hemodialysis; however, the effect of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on the drug's disposition has not been studied. The pharmacokinetics of AZT were evaluated in five patients, age 37-62 years, who were seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus and were undergoing CAPD. Serial plasma, urine, and dialysate samples were collected after oral administration of AZT 200 mg. Samples were assayed using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Model-independent analysis was used to determine total plasma clearance, apparent volume of distribution, mean residence time, and half-life. Net peritoneal dialysis clearance was calculated to measure the effect of CAPD on AZT disposition. We found wide interpatient variability in AZT pharmacokinetics. Peak serum concentrations ranged from 0.3-47.8 microns and area under the curve from 0.5-26.1 mg x hour/L. These differences resulted in corresponding differences in clearance (range 66-3176 ml/min/1.73 m2) and volume of distribution (range 16-825 L). Interpatient variability in glucuronidation may partially account for this variability. Net peritoneal dialysis clearance of AZT was 5 ml/minute. Although the effect of peritoneal dialysis on AZT disposition was negligible, clinicians should be aware of the large differences in the way in which individual patients with renal dysfunction handle this drug.
Structure and fate of binary WR stars: Clues from spectropolarimetry

Because most massive stars have been or will be affected by a companion during the course of their evolution, we cannot afford to neglect binaries when discussing the progenitors of supernovae and GRBs. Analyzing linear polarization in the emission lines of close binary systems allows us to probe the structures of these systems' winds and mass flows, making it possible to map the complex morphologies of the mass loss and mass transfer structures that shape their subsequent evolution. In Wolf-Rayet (WR) binaries, line polarization variations with orbital phase distinguish polarimetric signatures arising from lines that scatter near the stars from those that scatter far from the orbital plane. These far-scattering lines may form the basis for a "binary line-effect method" of identifying rapidly rotating WR stars (and hence GRB progenitor candidates) in binary systems.
Reversibility of fibrinogen fragment D1 binding to human platelets: comparison with native fibrinogen.

To gain further insight into the mechanism responsible for rendering fibrinogen bound to stimulated platelets irreversible to dissociation by EDTA or excess unlabeled fibrinogen, the present study compared the reversibility of platelet interactions with fibrinogen and its plasmic degradation product, fragment D1. Like fibrinogen binding, the binding of fragment D1 became progressively less sensitive to dissociation by EDTA, PGE1, or excess unlabeled fibrinogen. Thus in the presence of EDTA, 70 +/- 19% and 55 +/- 24% (mean +/- S.D., n = 9) of bound fragment D1 failed to dissociate from platelets 60 min after stimulation with 0.15 U/ml thrombin or the combination of 5 microM ADP and 5 microM epinephrine, respectively, compared to 75 +/- 8% and 52 +/- 17% of platelet-bound, intact fibrinogen. In contrast, platelet stimulation with chymotrypsin or Zn+2 failed to support the development of irreversible fragment D1 or fibrinogen binding. Only 8 +/- 6% and 9 +/- 3% of bound fragment D1 remained associated with chymotrypsin- or Zn+2-treated platelets, respectively, compared to 7 +/- 11% and 15 +/- 6% (mean +/- S.D., n = 3) of platelet-associated fibrinogen. These observations suggest that irreversible fragment D1 and fibrinogen binding to platelets occurs by a similar mechanism that requires neither fibrinogen alpha chain 95-97 or 572-574 RGD sequences nor multivalent ligand-receptor interactions.
Selective electrochemical oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane using Ru/Sn catalysts

Abstract The Ru/Sn heterobimetallic complexes CpRu(PPh 3 ) 2 (SnCl 3 ) ( 1 ), (Ind)Ru(PPh 3 ) 2 (SnCl 3 ) ( 2 ) and CpRu(TPPMS) 2 (SnCl 3 ) ( 3 ) were studied as homogeneous catalysts for the electrooxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane (DMM) and methyl formate (MF). Complexes 1 , 2 and 3 exhibited significantly higher turnover numbers and current efficiencies than the corresponding mononuclear complexes CpRu(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl ( 4 ) and CpRu(TPPMS) 2 Cl ( 5 ). The highest current efficiency (92.4%) and selectivity (100%) for DMM formation were obtained from the electrooxidation of methanol with complex 3 .
Axon guidance: GTPases help axons reach their targets

During development and regeneration of the nervous system, axons must correctly navigate to their specific targets through a complex molecular environment. Recent work has shed light on how GTPases of the Ras family are involved in transducing extracellular signals into responses that lead to directed neurite outgrowth.
Comparative efficacy of biofeedback and stress inoculation for stress reduction

Evaluated the comparative effectiveness of frontalis electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback, a primarily somatic intervention, and stress inoculation, a self-instructional form of cognitive-behavior therapy. Both treatments were compared with a waiting list control group on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Teaching Anxiety Scale (N = 24). Multivariate assessment on all four dependent measures indicated that both the frontalis feedback and stress inoculation groups improved significantly more than the no treatment control, but did not differ overall from one another. The stress inoculation group showed more improvement in self-reported anxiety than the EMG group, while the EMG group tended to do better than the stress inoculation group on blood pressure measures. The untreated control group regressed somewhat across all measures. It was proposed that each treatment may have specific effects that might suggest which treatment would be indicated for a particular client.