cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Epidemiology and Biostatistical Offerings in Health Education Professional Preparation Programs

Abstract This article reports on a survey of all current university and college health education degree granting programs to obtain information relevant to the current status of professional training in epidemiology and biostatistics for health education students. A questionnaire was mailed to all schools listed in an available national directory of programs. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses of 96 participants (response rate of 51%). The findings indicate that programs are offering training in epidemiology and biostatistics. The study provides additional information concerning the perceived importance of epidemiological topics to the faculty at the participating schools.
Breeding Biology, Behavior, and Ecology of Setophaga cerulea in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee

Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler) is one of the fastest declining avian species in the United States, and its conservation has been hampered by a lack of basic biological information. Here we describe basic breeding biology and behavior and report incidental observations of scientifi c interest from three years of research on Cerulean Warblers in the Cumberland Mountains of eastern Tennessee. We located and monitored 241 nests and banded 83 Cerulean Warblers from 2008-2010. We documented mating strategies, timing and plasticity of reproduction, details of nest construction and main- tenance, parental behavior, predation of juveniles, post-fl edging behavior, interspecifi c interactions, female weight, and a longevity record. Many of these observations have not been formally recorded and add new dimensions to our understanding of Cerulean Warbler biology, ecology, and life history.
Professional and Ethical Decision-Making among Health Science Students: A Call to Action about Critical Thinking

A common approach to enhance professionalism among health science students calls for faculty and senior clinicians to role-model professional and ethical behavior. Role-modeling, however, overlooks the critical thinking skills that professional and ethical decisions require, a significant limitation because health science students frequently retreat to solely personal values to manage professional and ethical dilemmas without contemplating more thoughtful alternatives rooted in professional and ethical principles. In this commentary, we argue that faculty and senior clinicians must define and plainly demonstrate for health science students in the clinical phase of training the critical thinking process required for professional and ethical decision-making in clinical situations. To accomplish this task, we suggest that faculty and senior clinicians teach an application of the familiar SOAP method utilized to critically analyze clinical problems.
MR guided thermal therapy of pancreatic tumors with endoluminal, intraluminal and interstitial catheter-based ultrasound devices: Preliminary theoretical and experimental investigations.

Image-guided thermal interventions have been proposed for potential palliative and curative treatments of pancreatic tumors. Catheter-based ultrasound devices offer the potential for temporal and 3D spatial control of the energy deposition profile. The objective of this study was to apply theoretical and experimental techniques to investigate the feasibility of endogastric, intraluminal and transgastric catheter-based ultrasound for MR guided thermal therapy of pancreatic tumors. The transgastric approach involves insertion of a catheter-based ultrasound applicator (array of 1.5 mm OD x 10 mm transducers, 360° or sectored 180°, ~7 MHz frequency, 13-14G cooling catheter) directly into the pancreas, either endoscopically or via image-guided percutaneous placement. An intraluminal applicator, of a more flexible but similar construct, was considered for endoscopic insertion directly into the pancreatic or biliary duct. An endoluminal approach was devised based on an ultrasound transducer assembly (tubular, planar, curvilinear) enclosed in a cooling balloon which is endoscopically positioned within the stomach or duodenum, adjacent to pancreatic targets from within the GI tract. A 3D acoustic bio-thermal model was implemented to calculate acoustic energy distributions and used a FEM solver to determine the transient temperature and thermal dose profiles in tissue during heating. These models were used to determine transducer parameters and delivery strategies and to study the feasibility of ablating 1-3 cm diameter tumors located 2-10 mm deep in the pancreas, while thermally sparing the stomach wall. Heterogeneous acoustic and thermal properties were incorporated, including approximations for tumor desmoplasia and dynamic changes during heating. A series of anatomic models based on imaging scans of representative patients were used to investigate the three approaches. Proof of concept (POC) endogastric and transgastric applicators were fabricated and experimentally evaluated in tissue mimicking phantoms, ex vivo tissue and in vivo canine model under multi-slice MR thermometry. RF micro-coils were evaluated to enable active catheter-tracking and prescription of thermometry slice positions. Interstitial and intraluminal ultrasound applicators could be used to ablate (t 43 >240min) tumors measuring 2.3-3.4 cm in diameter when powered with 20-30 W/cm 2 at 7 MHz for 5-10 min. Endoluminal applicators with planar and curvilinear transducers operating at 3-4 MHz could be used to treat tumors up to 20-25 mm deep from the stomach wall within 5 min. POC devices were fabricated and successfully integrated into the MRI environment with catheter tracking, real-time thermometry and closed-loop feedback control.
Role of In Vivo Vascular Redox in Resistance Arteries

Vascular thiol redox state has been shown to modulate vasodilator functions in large conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels and other related channels. However, the role of vascular redox in small resistance arteries is unknown. To determine how in vivo modulation of thiol redox state affects small resistance arteries relaxation, we generated a transgenic mouse strain that overexpresses thioredoxin, a small redox protein (Trx-Tg), and another strain that is thioredoxin-deficient (dnTrx-Tg). The redox state of the mesenteric arteries (MAs) in Trx-Tg mice is found to be predominantly in reduced state; in contrast, MAs from dnTrx-Tg mice remain in oxidized state. Thus, we created an in vivo redox system of mice and isolated the second-order branches of the main superior MAs from wild-type, Trx-Tg, or dnTrx-Tg mice to assess endothelium-dependent relaxing responses in a wire myograph. In MAs isolated from Trx-Tg mice, we observed an enhanced intermediate-conductance Ca 2+ –activated potassium channel contribution resulting in a larger endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing (EDH) relaxation in response to indirect (acetylcholine) and direct (NS309) opening of endothelial calcium-activated potassium channels. MAs derived from dnTrx-Tg mice showed both blunted nitric oxide–mediated and EDH-mediated relaxation compared with Trx-Tg mice. In a control study, diamide decreased EDH relaxations in MAs of wild-type mice, whereas dithiothreitol improved EDH relaxations and was able to restore the diamide-induced impairment in EDH response. Furthermore, the basal or angiotensin II–mediated systolic blood pressure remained significantly lower in Trx-Tg mice compared with wild-type or dnTrx-Tg mice, thus directly establishing redox-mediated EDH in blood pressure control.
Validating the Level of Service Inventory-Revised: A Gendered Perspective

This study addresses the validity of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) as a predictor of recidivism for women. We analyzed all female parolees that were released in New Jersey in 2006 (n = 450) as well as a randomly selected group of male parolees. Results indicate that the LSI-R was a valid predictor of rearrests, reconvictions, and technical parole violations, but that the instrument was problematic in accurately predicting true positives both across genders as well as outcome types. It is likely that this lack of specificity is due to local-level policies regarding the use of the instrument.
Speed, efficiency, and stability of small-slope 2D passive dynamic bipedal walking

This paper addresses some performance limits of the kneed and non-kneed passive-dynamic walking machines discovered by McGeer (1990). Energetic inefficiency is measured by the slope /spl gamma/ needed to sustain gait, with /spl gamma/=0 being perfectly efficient. We show some necessary conditions on the walker mass distribution to achieve perfectly efficient walking. From our experience and study of a simpler model, only two gaits exist; the longer-step gait is stable at small enough slopes. Speed is regulated by energy dissipation. Dissipation can be dominated by a term proportional to speed or a term proportional to speed from normal foot collisions, depending on the gait, slope, and walker design. For special mass distributions of kneeless walkers, the long-step gaits are especially fast at small slopes. A period doubling route to chaos is numerically demonstrated for the kneed walker.
Structure and dynamics of low Reynolds number turbulent pipe flow

Using large-scale numerical calculations, we explore the proper orthogonal decomposition of low Reynolds number turbulent pipe flow, using both the translational invariant (Fourier) method and the method of snapshots. Each method has benefits and drawbacks, making the ‘best’ choice dependent on the purpose of the analysis. Owing to its construction, the Fourier method includes all the flow fields that are translational invariants of the simulated flow fields. Thus, the Fourier method converges to an estimate of the dimension of the chaotic attractor in less total simulation time than the method of snapshots. The converse is that for a given simulation, the method of snapshots yields a basis set that is more optimal because it does not include all of the translational invariants that were not a part of the simulation. Using the Fourier method yields smooth structures with definable subclasses based upon Fourier wavenumber pairs, and results in a new dynamical systems insight into turbulent pipe flow. These subclasses include a set of modes that propagate with a nearly constant phase speed, act together as a wave packet and transfer energy from streamwise rolls. It is these interactions that are responsible for bursting events and Reynolds stress generation. These structures and dynamics are similar to those found in turbulent channel flow. A comparison of structures and dynamics in turbulent pipe and channel flows is reported to emphasize the similarities and differences.
A genetic algorithm based induction machine characterization procedure

This paper proposes a simplified and systematic characterization procedure for an alternate qd induction machine model (AQDM). This approach formulates the parameter identification process as an optimization problem. The resulting optimization problem has a large search space (17 free parameters) but was found to be readily solved using a genetic algorithm. It is experimentally shown that the AQDM accurately predicts machine performance when the parameters are determined using the proposed approach. It is also experimentally shown that a control strategy based on the AQDM with the parameters determined using the proposed method achieves the desired performance
Computer-based photon-counting lock-in for phase detection at the shot-noise limit.

We implement a simple computer-based photon-counting lock-in that combines the signal-to-noise benefits of photon counting with lock-in detection. We experimentally specify the flatness and the noise characteristics of a flexible software implementation. The noise of amplitude and phase of the small signal is at the limit of photonic shot noise; from 1000 counted photons we reach an amplitude resolution of 4.5% and a phase resolution of 13°. The photon-counting lock-in reduces illumination noise, detector dark count noise, and can suppress background. In particular, phase detection is useful to image the delay characteristics in microscopic systems by use of fluorescent probes that are designed to report membrane potential, temperature, or concentration in a chemical reaction.
A high-stability fiber amplifier source for the fiber optic gyroscope

We demonstrate an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) source for the fiber gyroscope with an overall mean wavelength stability of four parts per million. This source, which amplifies the gyroscope signal before detection, is shown to be more stable than a similar single-pass source in a standard configuration. The effects of varying the fiber temperature, pump power, pump wavelength, gyroscope feedback power and signal polarization state on the output mean wavelength are individually explored. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with simulations.
The Experiential Community Assessment Project: Integrating Social Work Practice Skills

Although most social work students are primarily interested in micro practice, the Council on Social Work Education mandates teaching macro practice. The challenge of incorporating meaningful and relevant community assignments within practice courses is noted in the literature (Koerin, Reeves, & Rosenblum, 2000). This article discusses the Experiential Community Assessment Project (ECAP) that integrates social work practice skills through interviewing a community leader, attending a community meeting, and using publicly available data to assess at risk neighborhoods. Grounded in experiential learning theory, a series of reflection papers are used to help students process what they are learning. A capstone poster presentation is required at the end. Suggestions and recommendations are made for using or adapting this project within other social work curricula.
IRF-7, a New Interferon Regulatory Factor Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus Latency

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamHI Q promoter (Qp) is the only promoter used for the transcription of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) mRNA in cells in the most restricted (type I) latent infection state. However, Qp is inactive in type III latency. With the use of the yeast one-hybrid system, a new cellular gene has been identified that encodes proteins which bind to sequence in Qp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene has significant homology to the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). This new gene and products including two splicing variants are designated IRF-7A, IRF-7B, and IRF-7C. The expression of IRF-7 is predominantly in spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). IRF-7 proteins were identified in primary PBL with specific antiserum against IRF-7B protein. IRF-7s can bind to interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) sequence and repress transcriptional activation by both interferon and IRF-1. Additionally, a functional viral ISRE sequence, 5'-GCGAAAACGAAAGT-3', has been identified in Qp. Finally, the expression of IRF-7 is consistently high in type III latency cells and almost undetectable in type I latency, corresponding to the activity of endogenous Qp in these latency states and the ability of the IRF-7 proteins to repress Qp-reporter constructs. The identification of a functional viral ISRE and association of IRF-7 with type III latency may be relevant to the mechanism of regulation of Qp.
Vancomycin versus cefazolin prophylaxis for cerebrospinal shunt placement in a hospital with a high prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

International guidelines suggest that a high prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections should influence the use of vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis. In order to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of vancomycin versus cefazolin as antimicrobial prophylaxis for insertion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, a randomised prospective clinical trial was performed. Over a 16-month period, all consecutive adult patients who underwent CSF shunt insertion at a university hospital with a high prevalence of MRSA infections were included. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either vancomycin or cefazolin before surgery and followed-up for four weeks for the development of infections. Of the 176 patients included in the study, 88 received vancomycin and 88 cefazolin. Shunt infections were significantly less likely to be observed in patients who were on vancomycin prophylaxis (4% vs 14%; P=0.03). All isolated staphylococci were resistant to meticillin. Mortality of patients with post-surgical infections was higher in the cefazolin group (P=0.02). Our data suggest that use of vancomycin as prophylactic agent for cerebrospinal shunt placement reduces the rate of shunt infections in the context of high prevalence of MRSA.
Nonporous Silica Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine Application

Nanomedicine, the use of nanotechnology for biomedical applications, has potential to change the landscape of the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. In the past several decades, the advancement in nanotechnology and material science has resulted in a large number of organic and inorganic nanomedicine platforms. Silica nanoparticles (NPs), which exhibit many unique properties, offer a promising drug delivery platform to realize the potential of nanomedicine. Mesoporous silica NPs have been extensively reviewed previously. Here we review the current state of the development and application of nonporous silica NPs for drug delivery and molecular imaging.
Design and analysis of a statically balanced direct-drive manipulator

A statically balanced direct-drove robot has been constructed for stability analysis of the robot in constrained maneuvers. Using a four-bar linkage, a practical architecture is presented for the University of Minnesota direct-drive robot. As a result of the elimination of the gravity forces (without any counterweights), smaller actuators and amplifiers were chosen. The motors yield an acceleration five times that of gravity at the robot end point without overheating. High-torque low-speed brushless AC synchronous motors are used to power the robot. A graphite-epoxy composite is used to construct the robot links. A four-node parallel processor has been used to control the robot. The dynamic tracking accuracy, with the feedforward torque method as a control law, has been derived experimentally. The compliance and its stability condition have been analyzed and demonstrated experimentally. >
The cycling of iron and manganese in the water column of Lake Sammamish, Washington

Processes controlling the distribution and mobility of Fe and Mn in Lake Sammamish, Washington, a seasonally anoxic lake, are deduced from a year-long monthly study of physical, chemical, and biological parameters in the lake. Inventories of dissolved Mn and Fe in the bottom waters increase as the redox potential lowers with dissolved Mn inventories during stagnation being much larger than inventories of dissolved Fe. The shapes of the dissolved metal profiles indicate that dissolved Fe is supplied to the hypolimnion during stratification by diffusion of Fe(II) from the sediments into the overlying anoxic water as well as reduction of Fe oxide particles settling through the anoxic water column, while the dominant source of dissolved Mn to the anoxic bottom waters during most of the stratification period appears to be reduction of settling Mn-oxide particles. Inventories of particulate Fe in the hypolimnion during the latter stages of stratification are significantly larger than inventories of particulate Mn. Peaks of particulate Fe and Mn occur in the water column from July through November and particulate Mn peaks always occur at shallower depths than peaks of particulate Fe. Flux calculations suggest that there is a sufficient supply of both oxygen and reduced metal to the particulate zones for metal-oxide precipitation to occur. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that during the sulfidic phase of stagnation dissolved Fe concentrations in the very bottom waters may be controlled by FeS precipitation.
Automated Concurrency Re-Assignment in High Level System Models for Efficient System-Level Simulation

Simple and powerful modeling of concurrency and reactivity along with their efficient implementation in the simulation kernel are crucial to the overall usefulness of system level models using the C++-based modeling frameworks. However the concurrency alignment in most modeling frameworks is naturally expressed along hardware units, being supported by the various language constructs, and the system designers express concurrency in their system models by providing threads for some modules/units of the model. Our experimental analysis shows that this concurrency model leads to inefficient simulation performance, and a concurrency alignment along dataflow gives much better simulation performance, but changes the conceptual model of hardware structures. As a result, we propose an algorithmic transformation of designs written in these C++-based environments with concurrency alignment along units/modules. This transformation, provided as a compiler front-end, will re-assign the concurrency along the dataflow, as opposed to threading along concurrent hardware/software modules, keeping the functionality of the model unchanged. Such a front-end transformation strategy will relieve hardware system designers from concerns about software engineering issues such as, threading architecture, and simulation performance, while allowing them to design in the most natural manner whereas, the simulation performance can be enhanced up to almost two times as shown in our experiments.
Examination of Spatial Frequency Dependence of Line Edge Roughness on MOS Device Characteristics

Full three-dimensional process and device simulations of short channel MOS transistors with gate edge roughness were performed. The amplitude and spatial wavelength of the edge roughness was varied systematically. Effects of correlated/anti-correlated right/left edge roughness were also investigated. Simulation results indicate that low spatial frequency anti- correlated edge roughness causes the worst degradation in device performance whereas low frequency correlated edge roughness causes the least device degradation. High spatial frequency edge roughness causes moderate device degradation, and the effect is independent of whether the gate edge roughness is correlated.
ATTEMPTS TO ASSAY MELANOPHORE HORMONE IN THE BLOOD OF MAN

ABSTRACT A quantal assay employing the isolated skin of Rana pipiens was used to investigate procedures that have been reported to extract melanophore hormone (MH) from the blood of normal persons. Modifications of the acidacetone process resulted in a method that allowed satisfactory recovery of the MH in human anterior and posterior pituitary tissue when added to human blood. Application of this procedure to 20-ml. specimens of blood from 11 normal persons and from 18 patients who had varying clinical states of cutaneous pigmentation yielded uniformly negative results. Likewise, procedures known to potentiate human MH did not yield positive results when applied to the blood of normal persons. Estimation of the comparative sensitivities of various assays of MH as employed in the past showed no great difference between the extinction point of the assay used herein and the previous assays whereby positive results were obtained. It was concluded that the amount of MH in the peripheral blood of man is less t...
Concentration of uterine cancer surgical care among the elderly: A population-based perspective

Abstract Objectives. To characterize the primary surgical care and short-term outcomes for uterine cancer in women age ≥80 years compared to younger women. Methods. A statewide hospital discharge database was used to identify women that underwent primary surgery for uterine cancer from 1994 to 2005. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate for significant differences in demographic characteristics and short-term outcomes comparing women aged ≥80 years with those aged Results. A total of 6181 women were identified, women aged ≥80 years comprised 10.6% ( n =656) of cases. Elderly women were 1.3 times more likely to be managed by high volume surgeons (41% vs. 35%, p =0.00). The 30-day mortality rate was 4.3 fold higher for the elderly group (4.27% vs. 1.03%, p =0.00). Among the elderly group, there was a 62% reduction in the risk of 30-day mortality when they were managed at high volume hospitals (95% CI: 0.18–0.80, p =0.01), and a 44% reduction in the risk of 30-day mortality when management was performed by high volume surgeons (95% CI: 0.21–1.48, p =0.22). The cost of care among elderly women managed at high volume centers ($10,425 vs. $9454, p =0.02) and by high volume surgeons ($11,260 vs. $9400, p Conclusions. Primary surgical care of elderly women with uterine cancer by high volume providers is associated with better short-term outcomes but increases healthcare expenditure compared to low volume providers. Increased efforts to concentrate the operative care of this patient population in experienced, high volume centers are warranted.
Electron stars for holographic metallic criticality

We refer to the ground state of a gravitating, charged ideal fluid of fermions held at a finite chemical potential as an ``electron star.'' In a holographic setting, electron stars are candidate gravity duals for strongly interacting finite fermion density systems. We show how electron stars develop an emergent Lifshitz scaling at low energies. This IR scaling region is a consequence of the two-way interaction between emergent quantum critical bosonic modes and the finite density of fermions. By integrating from the IR region to an asymptotically $Ad{S}_{4}$ spacetime, we compute basic properties of the electron stars, including their electrical conductivity. We emphasize the challenge of connecting UV and IR physics in strongly interacting finite density systems.
Estimation of Pareto Parameters by Numerical Methods

For the case when neither of the parameters of a Pareto distribution is known, an iterative process on the unbiased maximum likelihood estimators is investigated. Results from randomly generated samples are compared with other methods of estimation.
Rare Plant Communities in Canaan Valley, West Virginia

Abstract Canaan Valley (hereafter, the Valley) is a 34,600-ac (14,000-ha), high-elevation valley in the Central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia. Its diverse wetland and upland habitats support a wide variety of plant communities, many of which are extremely rare. The prominence of rare communities is associated with the diversity of topographic settings, soils, geology, and hydrology, as well as the effects of human settlement and resource exploitation. Most of the rare plant communities are found in the wetlands of the Valley's floor. Virtually all of the communities associated with the Valley's extensive cold peatlands are rare, including (1) mixed conifer swamp-forests of Picea rubens (Red Spruce), Abies balsamea (Balsam Fir), and Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock), (2) mixed conifer-Fraxinus nigra (Black Ash) bog-forests in limestone-influenced wetlands in the central and southern parts of the Valley, and (3) extensive Sphagnum and Polytrichum bogs in the central and northern parts of Canaan Va...
Random Matrix Theory and Its Innovative Applications

Recently more and more disciplines of science and engineering have found Random Matrix Theory valuable. Some disciplines use the limiting densities to indicate the cutoff between “noise” and “signal.” Other disciplines are finding eigenvalue repulsions a compelling model of reality. This survey introduces both the theory behind these applications and matlab experiments allowing a reader immediate access to the ideas.
Organic Carbon Burial in Lakes and Reservoirs of the Conterminous United States

Organic carbon (OC) burial in lacustrine sediments represents an important sink in the global carbon cycle; however, large-scale OC burial rates are poorly constrained, primarily because of the sparseness of available data sets. Here we present an analysis of OC burial rates in water bodies of the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) that takes advantage of recently developed national-scale data sets on reservoir sedimentation rates, sediment OC concentrations, lake OC burial rates, and water body distributions. We relate these data to basin characteristics and land use in a geostatistical analysis to develop an empirical model of OC burial in water bodies of the CONUS. Our results indicate that CONUS water bodies sequester 20.8 (95% CI: 9.4–65.8) Tg C yr–1, and spatial patterns in OC burial are strongly influenced by water body type, size, and abundance; land use; and soil and vegetation characteristics in surrounding areas. Carbon burial is greatest in the central and southeastern regions of the CONUS, where culti...
Fabrication of hollow glass microspheres in the Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 system from metal alkoxides

Hollow glass microspheres (HGS) for laser fusion targets were fabricated in the system Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 from NaOCH3, B(OCH3)3 and Si(OC2H5)4. Gel powders prepared from metal alkoxides and urea liberate H2O, CO2 and NH3 gases, evolution of which takes place completely at about 500° C. The precursor of HGS is formed by the encapsulation of these gas components in the glass layer formed at the surface of the powder. HGS are produced from the gel powders having both a melting temperature lower than about 1000° C and a viscosity at that temperature lower than 105 P. In the Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 system, the compositions from which HGS are produced are those containing 55–75 wt% SiO2 and 0–20 wt% B2O3. HGS ranging from 100–500μm diameter and 0.5–7.0μm wall thickness are obtained by change of urea content.
Correction of Eyelid Crease Asymmetry and Ptosis

Upper eyelid ptosis and crease abnormalities can lead to significant cosmetic deformity. An intimate knowledge of the anatomic structures responsible for eyelid height, contour, and pretarsal show will allow precise surgical correction.
Discussion on Mechanism of Semantic Change in Chinese from Grammaticalization of lian(连)

This paper discussed the process of semantic change of lian(连). We will find that because Chinese is an isolated languge, compared with Indo-European languges, there are three differences of semantic changes in Chinese: first, semantic extended in Chinese doesn’t limit in some meaning’s domain; second, different type of subjective reasoning can impact semantic change of the same word; and the last, the meanings of Chinese can only increase, but not reduce.
Complications of flexor tendon injuries

Despite the many advances in the surgical and rehabilitative management of flexor tendon injuries, problems of adhesion, contracture, and rupture continue to limit the restoration of function in a significant number of cases. This article reviews the most frequent complications after flexor tendon injuries. The treatment options for these problems, including the authors' methods of choice, are discussed.
Patriotic and Matriotic Nationalism

The emotive content of “homeland” (vatan) in Iranian nationalist discourse cannot be appreciated if it is uncritically assumed that the vatan was only a confused translation of “the French word patrie.”1 The nineteenth-century nationalist resignification of vatan as the familial home was made possible through the fusion of competing prenationalist notions of territorial and aterritorial “originary home” (vatan-i asli). The former embodied the nation and the latter endowed it with spirit and subjectivity. This metaphorical figuration of vatan involved two distinct, but overlapping, phases. In the official nationalist discourse, vatan was imagined as a “home headed by the crowned-father.” This was contested by a counter-official matriotic discourse that imagined vatan as a dying 6,000-year-old mother. The engendering of the national body as a mother symbolically eliminated the father-Shah as the guardian of the nation and contributed to the emergence of the public sphere and popular sovereignty — the participation of “the nation’s children” (both male and female) in determining the future of the “motherland” (madar-i/mam-i vatan). As for popular sovereignty, this changing gender of nationalhome was crucial to the resignification of siyasat from the infliction of physical pain on transgressive subjects to its modern definition as politics.
Cyclotron Resonance in Metals in a Normal Magnetic Field

No satisfactory theoretical explanation has yet been given for the cyclotron resonance observed in cadmium [45]–[47], zinc [48], and potassium [49], in a magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the metal surface. The resonance peaks in the real part of the surface impedance in potassium have been suggested as being associated with the contribution of the Fermi-liquid cyclotron wave propagating along the magnetic field. The detailed calculation of the surface impedance performed for the spherical Fermi surface in [111] demonstrates, however, only a very weak singular resonance feature due to the wave in the case of the specular reflection of electrons from the metal surface. The contribution from this wave does not account either for the relatively large peak height or for its shape. A similar disagreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results is found in [47], where the resonance peak in the derivative of the real part of the surface impedance for cadmium was attributed to the contribution from the vicinities of the limiting points of the electron lens. The theoretical estimate made for the case of the specular reflection of electrons in this study was significantly underestimated, too. The disagreement between theoretical and experimental results can be considerably reduced, if the diffuse reflection of electrons from the metal surface is assumed in the calculation of the impedance. This assumption seems to be unrealistic since it hardly agrees with the anomalous character of the skin effect in all experiments with metals exhibiting cyclotron resonance in normal magnetic fields.
CTDI(vol) in PET-CT: Fixed kV/Fixed Quality Reference mAs vs Topogram-based kV/Topogram-based Quality Reference mAs

2511 Objectives The purpose of this study is comparison of calculated CT dose index estimates [CTDI(vol)] that result from two different CT acquisition protocols in PET-CT. One protocol uses a fixed kV, fixed quality reference mAs, and data-driven mAs modulation; the other uses a topogram-based kV, topogram-based quality reference mAs, and data-driven mAs modulation. Methods This was a retrospective quality-assessment study. Thirty-two patients were identified as having had sequential PET-CT studies using two similar, yet different, protocols (oral contrast was used in most patients, no intravenous contrast was used). Both studies were acquired on a single Biograph mCT 64 (Siemens, Knoxville, TN, USA). Patient weights (lbs) during their first study ranged from 116 to 275 (mean ± st dev = 181.53 ± 38.61) and ranged from 102 to 280 (mean ± st dev = 178.46 ± 42.19) for the second. The first study in each case was done using CARE Dose4D without CarekV; the second with CARE Dose4D with CarekV at setting 3. Study dates for each subject were separated by 2-12 months. Protocol A (Care kV off) used a fixed kV = 120 and a fixed quality reference mAs = 120 (BMI 30). Protocol B (Care kV on, setting 3) used a kV determined from topogram data (kV = 100, 120, or 140) and a quality reference mAs (range = 104 to 251) determined from topogram data. Results The differences in patient weights between protocols (range = -30 to +21 ) were not significant; the mean ± st dev of the weight differences was 3.06 ± 1.87 (p = 0.11). The differences in CTDI(vol)s between protocols (range = -3.71 to 4.51) were significant; the mean ± st dev of the differences in CTDI(vol)s was -1.21 ± 0.34 (p = 0.0013). The CDTI(vol)s obtained using Protocol B were significantly higher than those obtained using Protocol A. Conclusions For the PET-CT studies performed on this population at this institution, use of CARE Dose 4D with CarekV off results in less CT radiation dose to most patients than does use of CARE Dose 4D with CarekV on at setting 3.
A new centrifugal correction drag force model for gas solid-particle two-phase flow

Abstract A new drag force model was developed to simulate gas-solid particle two-phase flows. The drag force model was based on the centrifugal correction, which can be presented by the gradients of the mixture velocities. For gas-solid particle two-phase flow, the effects of the centrifugal force on the solid particles were realized by the correction of the gradients of the mixture velocities. According to the corrections, the terminal velocities of the dispersed phase (solid particles) were able to be calculated in multi dimensions. Through the comparisons of numerical simulations to the experiments and the other models on 2D and 3D cases, this model was validated.
Solubilization of a [3H]Cimetidine Binding Site from Rat Brain

A binding site for [3H]cimetidine was obtained from rat brain membranes solubilized with digitonin. The site displayed saturability, high affinity, and drug specificity for imidazole H-2 antagonists and was able to bind ligand at physiological temperatures. The regional distribution of binding sites paralleled that of neuronal histamine projections. Displacement of binding did not occur readily with H-2 agonists, and, although 2-guanidino-4-[2-(2-cyano-3-methyl-guanidino)ethyl-thiomethyl]thiazole (ICI 125,211, (a non-imidazole H-2 antagonist) displaced [3H]cimetidine, it was less potent than imidazole antagonists. Micromolar concentrations of clonidine, a substance thought to stimulate a central imidazole H-2 receptor subtype, were able to displace [3H]cimetidine binding, and chronic treatment of rats with clonidine in vivo resulted in down-regulation of the sites. These data suggest that the solubilized [3H]cimetidine binding site is associated with the putative clonidine-sensitive H-2 receptor subtype.
Self-regulation and social pressure reduce prejudiced responding and increase the motivation to be non-prejudiced

Self-regulation constrains the expression of prejudice, but when self-regulation falters, the immediate environment can act as an external source of prejudice regulation. This hypothesis derives from work demonstrating that external controls and internal self-regulation can prompt goal pursuit in the absence of self-imposed controls. Across four studies, we found support for this complementary model of prejudice regulation. In Study 1, self-regulatory fatigue resulted in less motivation to be non-prejudiced, compared to a non-fatigued control. In Study 2, strong (vs. weak) perceived social pressure was related to greater motivation to be non-prejudiced. In Study 3, dispositional self-regulation predicted non-prejudice motivation when perceived social pressure was weak or moderate, but not when it was strong. Finally, in Study 4 self-regulatory fatigue increased prejudice when social pressure was weak but not when it was strong.
Abstract 607: Genomic analyses and novel models validate CDK4 as a therapeutic target in imatinib-resistant dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an aggressive PDGFB-dependent cutaneous sarcoma characterized by an infiltrative growth and high rate of local recurrence. Some DFSP progress to a higher-grade fibrosarcomatous form, with rapid growth and increased risk of metastasis. Imatinib provides clinical benefit in ∼50% of patients with unresectable or metastatic DFSP. Efficacious medical therapies have not been developed for imatinib-resistant DFSP. To this end, we established the first patient-derived models of imatinib-resistant DFSP. Cell lines and mouse xenografts were established from DFSP105, an imatinib-resistant fibrosarcomatous DFSP, and were characterized by SNP arrays and sequencing to identify targetable genomic alterations. Findings were validated in vitro and in vivo, and confirmed in a case series including 12 DFSP and 6 fibrosarcomatous DFSP. SNP analysis of DFSP105 revealed a homozygous deletion encompassing CDKN2A. The resultant p16 loss implicated CDK4/6 as a potential therapeutic target in DFSP. In further studies, we demonstrated CDKN2A homozygous deletion in 1 of 12 conventional DFSP vs. 2 of 6 fibrosarcomatous DFSP. In vitro treatment of DFSP105 with two structurally distinct selective CDK4/6 inhibitors, PD-0332991 and LEE011, led to inhibition of RB1 phosphorylation and proliferation (GI 50 160 nM and 276 nM, respectively). In vivo treatment of DFSP105 with PD-0332991 (150 mg/kg) inhibited xenograft growth in mice, in comparison with imatinib-treated or untreated tumors. In conclusion, CDKN2A deletion is a novel mechanism of DFSP genetic progression. CDK4/6 inhibition is a preclinically effective treatment against p16-negative, imatinib-resistant fibrosarcomatous DFSP, and should be evaluated as a therapeutic strategy in patients with imatinib-resistant DFSP. Citation Format: Adrian Marino-Enriquez, Grant Eilers, Jeffrey Czaplinski, Mark Mayeda, Derrick Tao, Meijun Zhu, Jason L. Hornick, Ewa Sicinska, Andrew J. Wagner, Jonathan A. Fletcher. Genomic analyses and novel models validate CDK4 as a therapeutic target in imatinib-resistant dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 607. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-607
Principles of anaesthesia for term neonates

Abstract Anaesthesia for term neonates is associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality and as a result should be reserved for specialized paediatric centres. Neonatal systems are immature and are undergoing rapid growth and development. Neonates are uniquely different in how they respond to surgery, drugs and fluids and this response varies across the neonatal period. Many of the physiological differences in neonates are a reflection of their high metabolic rate, increase in oxygen demand and maturing organ systems. Due to the difficulties in studying this age group, a lot is still unknown about neonatal physiology and pharmacology.
Article 41 [Depositary] Article 42 [Signature] Article 43 [Consent to Be Bound]

The final clauses of an international multilateral treaty, by their own nature and raison d’etre, produce some legal effects from the moment the treaty is adopted. Thus, according to the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, “the provisions of a treaty regulating the authentication of its text, the establishment of the consent of States to be bound by the treaty, the manner or date of its entry into force, reservations, the functions of the depositary and other matters arising necessarily before the entry into force of the treaty apply from the time of the adoption of its text” (Article 24, para. 4).
Prime-Time Representations of Female Federal Agents in Television Dramas:

Television crime programs not only impart messages regarding the nature of crime and criminal justice but also aid in the creation of stereotypes regarding females working in law enforcement. Using...
A PAC bound for joint matrix completion based on Partially Collective Matrix Factorization

Collective Matrix Factorization (CMF) is a popular model for the joint matrix completion task, but limited by its strong assumption that all matrices share the same low rank structure. Recently, a promising alternative model was proposed with a relaxed assumption that matrix structures are partially shared. We refer it as Partially Collective Matrix Factorization (P-CMF). This paper presents a first PAC generalization error bound for joint matrix completion based on the P-CMF model. Our contributions are tri-facet. First, we derive a new PAC bound for single matrix completion based on the factorization model, which fundamentally improves the existing PAC bound in multiple aspects. Based on it, we then derive the first PAC bound for joint matrix completion based on the P-CMF model. This not only justifies the theoretical soundness of P-CMF, but also reveals its several insights. Based on it, we finally present a model construction criterion for designing P-CMF based methods, which specifies the degrees of shared and non-shared matrix structures. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this criterion in simulation.
Electronic health record-based predictive models for acute kidney injury screening in pediatric inpatients

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in pediatric inpatients and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. Its early identification can reduce severity. To create and validate an electronic health record (EHR)-based AKI screening tool, we generated temporally distinct development and validation cohorts using retrospective data from our tertiary care children’s hospital, including children aged 28 days through 21 years with sufficient serum creatinine measurements to determine AKI status. AKI was defined as 1.5-fold or 0.3 mg/dl increase in serum creatinine. Age, medication exposures, platelet count, red blood cell distribution width, serum phosphorus, serum transaminases, hypotension (ICU only), and pH (ICU only) were included in AKI risk prediction models. For ICU patients, 791/1,332 (59%) of the development cohort and 470/866 (54%) of the validation cohort had AKI. In external validation, the ICU prediction model had a c-statistic=0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.71–0.77). For non-ICU patients, 722/2,337 (31%) of the development cohort and 469/1,474 (32%) of the validation cohort had AKI, and the prediction model had a c-statistic=0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.66–0.72). AKI screening can be performed using EHR data. The AKI screening tool can be incorporated into EHR systems to identify high-risk patients without serum creatinine data, enabling targeted laboratory testing, early AKI identification, and modification of care.
Trade Destruction and Trade Diversion: Evidence from China

Over the past three decades, we have seen a dramatic increase in the incidence of temporary trade barriers such as antidumping duties and countervailing duties. China has been at the receiving end of a large number of such measures. In this paper, we study how China's exports to its major trade partners have been affected when its major trade partners have used these measures either against China or against other countries. We find that Chinese exports to the country that imposed an antidumping duty decreased by approximately 35 percent. At the same time, an antidumping duty used by the importing country that was directed towards other countries but not against China led to an approximate 30-percent increase in China's exports to the policy-imposing country. These results remain robust across various specifications. Our findings have important policy implications. In particular, the magnitude of these effects highlights why it is important to curb the recent widespread use of these barriers.
Algal oil productivity gets a fat bonus

Partitioning of carbon to lipids is engineered to improve oil accumulation in an industrial alga.