cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-culture Based Blood-brain Barrier In Vitro Model, a Tissue Engineering Approach using Immortalized Cell Lines for Drug Transport Study

This study evaluated the feasibility of using commercially available immortalized cell lines in building an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) co-culture model for preliminary drug development studies. Astrocytes-derived acellular extracellular matrix (aECM) was introduced in the co-culture model to provide a novel biomimetic basement membrane for the endothelial cells to form tight junctions. Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and solute mass transport studies quantitatively evaluated the tight junction formation. Immuno-fluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis qualitatively verified the expression of occludin, one of the tight junction proteins on the samples. Experimental data from a total of 13 experiments conclusively showed that the novel BBB in vitro co-culture model with aECM (CO + aECM) is promising in terms of establishing tight junction formation represented by TEER values, transport profiles, and tight junction protein expression when compared with traditional co-culture (CO) model setup or the endothelial cells cultured alone (EC). In vitro colorimetric sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay also revealed that the “CO + aECM” samples resulted in less cell loss on the basal sides of the insert membranes than traditional co-culture models. Our novel approach using immortalized cell lines with the addition of aECM was proven to be a feasible and repeatable alternative to the traditional BBB in vitro modeling.
Identification and initial characterization of a rat monoclonal antibody reactive with the murine interleukin 2 receptor-ligand complex

Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies were prepared to the murine interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent HT2 cell line. One rat IgM monoclonal antibody (7D4) was identified that inhibited proliferation of the HT2 cells and of IL-2-dependent CTLL cells in the presence of crude rat IL-2 as well as of purified human IL-2. The level of inhibition was dependent on both antibody and IL-2 concentration. Cell distribution studies using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter showed that the antigen identified by 7D4 is expressed at a high density on HT2 cells and on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T-cell blasts and at a substantially lower density on lipopolysaccharide-induced B-cell blasts; 7D4 binding was not detected on greater than 95% of nonactivated thymocytes, T cells, or B cells. Competition binding studies indicated that 7D4 fails to inhibit the binding of 3H-labeled human IL-2 to CTLL cells. However, 7D4 specifically immunoprecipitated 3H-labeled human IL-2 from detergent extracts of HT2 cells or Con A-induced T-cell blasts that had been pulsed with [3H]IL-2; in contrast, 7D4 did not react with free [3H]IL-2. Initial biochemical analysis of immunoprecipitates with 7D4 of detergent extracts from surface-iodinated Con A-activated spleen cells showed a major band having apparent molecular weight of 48,000-62,000. Collectively, these results suggest that 7D4 detects an epitope on the IL-2 receptor distal to the ligand binding site or another molecule that physically associates with the receptor.
Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitiveness

Abstract Based on Lumpkin and Dess’s conceptualization of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), this paper presents a cultural model of entrepreneurship. We propose that a society’s propensity to generate autonomous, risk-taking, innovative, competitively aggressive and proactive entrepreneurs and firms will depend on its cultural foundation. The role of economic, political/legal, and social factors as moderators of the relationship between culture and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) are also considered. Overall, it is proposed that only those countries with specific cultural tendencies will engender a strong EO, hence experiencing more entrepreneurship and global competitiveness. Specific country examples are discussed.
Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition

Abstract We developed a measure of biological integrity for grasslands (GI) based on the most influential habitat types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. GI is based on proportions of habitat types and the relationships of these habitat types to breeding birds. Habitat types were identified by digital aerial photography, verified on the ground, and quantified using GIS. We then developed an index to GI based on the presence or abundance of breeding bird species. Species abundance data were obtained from 3 min roadside point counts at 889 points in 44, 4050 ha study plots over a 2-year period. Using a modified North American Breeding Bird Survey protocol, species were recorded in each of four quadrants at each point. Fifty species selected for analysis included all grassland species that occurred in at least 15 quadrants and all other bird species that occurred in at least 1% of quadrants. We constructed preliminary models using data from each of the 2 years, then tested their predictive ability by cross-validation with data from the other year. These cross-validation tests indicated that the index consistently predicted grassland integrity. The final four models (presence and abundance models at 200 and 400 m scales) included only those species that were statistically significant (P≤0.05) in all preliminary models. Finally, we interpreted the components of the indices by examining associations between individual species and habitat types. Logistic regression identified 386 statistically significant relationships between species and habitat types at 200 and 400 m scales. This method, though labor-intensive, successfully uses the presence of grassland-dependent species and absence of species associated with woody vegetation or cropland to provide an index to grassland integrity. Once regional associations of species with habitat types have been identified, such indices can be applied relatively inexpensively to monitor grassland integrity over large geographic areas. Indices like the ones presented here could be applied widely using bird abundance data that are currently being collected across the United States and southern Canada through the North American Breeding Bird Survey.
The purification and cyanogen bromide cleavage of the ‘link proteins’ from cartilage proteoglycan

Summary The ‘link proteins’, which are an integral part of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates, have been previously partially purified by equilibrium density gradient procedures. In the present study, complete separation between ‘link proteins’ and proteoglycan has been achieved by chromatography on Ultrogel 34 in 1% SDS. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of purified ‘link proteins’ yielded one prominent peptide, which is not obtained from proteoglycan. These data suggest that the ‘link proteins’ and proteoglycan monomers of cartilage are structurally dissimilar.
The importation and re-exportation of organized crime: explaining the rise and fall of the Jamaican posses in the United States

During the 1980s and 1990s, Jamaican posses captured the imagination of the press corps, film makers, and numerous of criminal justice scholars in the United States. However, except for a few historical references, their virtual disappearance from the contemporary criminal justice literature leaves many unanswered questions. In updating the literature, this paper examines the main factors contributing to the decline of Jamaican posses in the United States and explains how their criminal activities were displaced to Jamaica through aggressive U.S. anti drug and anti-gang operations and immigration policies.
DFT functionals and molecular geometries

This note describes a procedure to evaluate the differences between molecular geometry for some commonly used DFT functionals. This approach aids in identifying the ability of the different functionals to determine molecular structural properties, such as bond lengths and bond angles. The approach is applied to a simple set of molecules with single, double and triple bonds.
A stable finite difference scheme for thermal analysis in an N-carrier system

In this study, we extend the concept of the well-known parabolic two-step model for micro heat transfer to model the energy exchanges in a generalized N-carrier system with heat sources. We show that the multi-carrier system satisfies an energy estimate. Based on this result, a finite difference scheme is then developed for thermal analysis in the multi-carrier system. The developed numerical scheme is shown to satisfy a discrete analogue of the energy estimate, implying that it is unconditionally stable. The method is illustrated by several numerical examples.
Cervial intraepithelial neoplasia III shows frequent allelic loss in 3p and 6p

We have shown previously that a significant number of invasive cervical cancers (ICC) have nonrandom chromosomal losses in 3p, 6p, 11q, 2q, 6q, and 19q, thereby suggesting that genes involved in the suppression of tumor development or progression are located in these regions. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III is considered the precursor lesion for ICC of squamous type and occurs frequently with ICC of glandular type. In an effort to define which chromosomal losses are present in the precursor lesions, we identified CIN III lesions from 24 ICC treated by radical hysterectomy. Thirty-three CIN III associated with 22 squamous carcinomas and 2 adenocarcinomas were carefully microdissected from the paraffin-embedded sections. The whole genomic DNA from CIN III was amplified with short random primers. DNA from ICC, CIN III, and normal tissue was analyzed at the six chromosomal regions with polymorphic markers. Thirty-eight percent of hysterectomy specimens had loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in at least one of the CIN III lesions from each case. Loss occurred in 30% of cases in 3p14.1-12 (37% for associated ICC), 21% in 6p23 (33%), 14% in 2q33-37 (27%), 0 in 11q23.3 (33%), 4% in 19q13.4 (13%), and 0 in 6q21-23.3 (18%). These results suggest that mutations in 3p and 6p are important early in tumorigenesis, whereas 11q and 6q contain genes important later in tumor progression. Invasive and preinvasive cervical lesions appear to develop from multifocal genetic events since consistent losses do not occur within all precursor lesions in the same patient.
Thermodynamic analysis of a beer engine

Abstract This paper shows how the heat reclaimed from the exhaust gas of a gas turbine engine can be used to convert dilute ethyl alcohol (“beer”) to a fuel that can used to power the engine. Ordinarily, there is not enough heat available to distil the weak liquor to sufficient amounts of a strong product (>90%), due to high exergy destruction. In this design, a combination of destructive distillation and ordinary distillation is used, the wet product then being sent to a reformer for an endothermic shift reaction. The high temperature gas is now ready to burn in a gas turbine engine (or high temperature fuel cell). Water in the low temperature stack gas can be reclaimed in a cooling tower, if desired, so as to have no net loss of water for the system. The exergetic (Second Law) efficiency for power production is nearly 50%.
Postpneumonectomy Lung Growth Following Thyroparathyroidectomy

Hormonal regulation of compensatory lung growth is not well understood, but it may be similar to that during compensatory growth of other organs. Liver regeneration is blocked by hypocalcemia in th...
Diazoxide treatment of idiopathichypoglycemia of infancy

Diazoxide has been used in the treatment of eight infants and children with severe idiopathic hypoglycemia. During periods of treatment ranging from 4 to 18 months, patients responded well to administration of Diazoxide even though control had previously been inadequate on corticosteroid therapy. The most frequent side effect has been hypertrichosis lanuginosa. Suppression of insulin response appears to be an important part of the mechanism of action of Diazoxide.
Evaluation of visual balance for automated layout

Layout refers to the process of determining the size and position of the visual objects in an information presentation. We introduce the WeightMap, a bitmap representation of the visual weight of a presentation. In addition, we present algorithms that use WeightMaps to allow an automated layout system to evaluate the effectiveness of its layouts. Our approach is based on the concepts of visual weight and visual balance, which are fundamental to the visual arts. The objects in the layout are each assigned a visual weight, and a WeightMap is created that encodes the visual weight of the layout. Image-processing techniques, including pyramids and edge detection, are then used to efficiently analyze the WeightMap for balance. In addition, derivatives of the sums of the rows and columns are used to generate suggestions for how to improve the layout.
Use of isotopomers for cluster size and geometry determination

Formulas are presented for the determination of the number of isotopomeric structures possible for a cluster of any geometry and size. Linear clusters are shown to be a special case of the general formulas. Extension to multi-isotope, single element clusters and multi-isotope, multi-element clusters is also made. Examples of each class are given.
Effect of age and metabolic rate on lipid peroxidation in the housefly, Musca domestica L.

The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism by which metabolic rate may affect life span by determining the relationship between lipid peroxidation potential and experimentally altered life spans in the adult housefly. Lipid peroxidation potential, measured in vitro, provides an indication of the relative conditions within the tissues affecting the susceptibility of polyunsaturated fatty acids to undergo non-enzymic peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation potential increased with age at a significantly faster rate in houseflies raised at 30 °C as compared to those kept at 25 °C. The life span of flies at 25 °C was longer and metabolic rate lower than at 30 °C. The effect of physical activity on lipid peroxidation pontential was studied by comparing flies maintained under high and low physical activity regimes. Lipid peroxidation potential increased at a relatively greater rate with age in high-activity flies. The results suggest that accelerated senescence associated with higher metabolic rates, increases the rate of age-associated decline in the ability of houseflies to counteract lipid peroxidation in vitro.
Organizational boundaries: Entry into the mental health center

The entry unit is a vital but neglected part of the CMHC. Considering its importance as a patient's first experience with the center and as a link between the center and the community it serves, far too little attention has been paid to its design, functioning, and evaluation. This article describes criteria for an effective entry system.
From coin tossing to the Jacobi polynomials

A simple coin-tossing game leads to the study of real sequences, x and y, with the remarkable property that the products of their differences are majorized by the differences of their product. Such sequences are said to form a double-dipping pair . The following conjecture arises when the game is governed by sampling balls from urns: if A, a, B, b are non-negative integers with A ≥ a and B ≥ b , then x and y form a double-dipping pair, where x k = ( A − K a ) , y k = ( B − K b ) , k = 0 , 1 , 2 , … . The conjecture is proved here under the additional restriction - b ≤ A − B ≤ a . The proof is based, in part, upon the observation that the polynomials, x → ∑ k ( a k ) ( b n − k ) ( 1 − x ) k , n ≤ a + b , have reciprocals, all of whose Taylor coefficients (about x = 0) are non-negative.
Flexible loads in future energy networks

We develop a vignette of an information-rich energy network with flexible and responsive electrical loads in the form of a domestic refrigerator augmented with a thermal storage system and a supply-following controller that responds to the availability of fluctuating renewable sources. We fully characterize our prototype thermal storage-enhanced refrigerator. Using this, we investigate the behavior of a network of such loads at statewide scale in the context of a dynamic model of deep penetration of renewable sources. Our results show that with 10% penetration of thermal storage across refrigeration and freezer load on the California electricity grid, peak fossil fuel load can be reduced by nearly a gigawatt. The approach naturally extends to similar applications in thermal management of buildings and would operate in concert with smart vehicle charging.
Introduction to the E-government Secure Cyberspace in 21st Century Government Minitrack

The cybersecurity aspects of critical infrastructure systems have become a hot topic for countries all across the globe. Information Technology has become pervasive in all aspects of our lives and this includes elements referred to as critical infrastructures. This minitrack examines aspects associated with the security of information technology used by governments and critical infrastructures (with an emphasis on automated control systems) and explores ways that IT can enhance the ability of governments to ensure the safety and security of its citizens. The names for these systems vary, from industrial control systems to SCADA to process control networks and more. The systems they control range from electricity (Smartgrid), pipelines, chemical plants, manufacturing, traffic control and more.
Enhanced quantum confinement due to nonuniform composition in alloy quantum dots

Strain and nanoscale variations in composition can significantly alter the electronic and optical properties of self-assembled alloy quantum systems. Using a combination of finite element and first-principles methods, we have developed an efficient and accurate technique to study the influence of strain and composition on the quantum confinement behavior in alloy quantum dots. Interestingly, we find that a nonuniform distribution of alloy components can lead to an enhanced confinement potential that allows a large quantum dot to behave electronically in a manner similar to a much smaller dot. The approach presented here provides a general means to quantitatively predict the influence of strain and composition variations on the performance characteristics of various small-scale alloy systems.
Efficacy of the Incredible Years group parent program with families in Head Start who self-reported a history of child maltreatment.

OBJECTIVE: A prevention form of the Incredible Years (IY) parenting program was offered to parents who had children enrolled in Head Start, regardless of whether they reported having a history of child maltreatment. This study compared whether parenting practices and child behavioral outcomes differed in families who self reported a history of child maltreatment relative to families who did not. METHODS: A site-randomized controlled trial of the IY parenting program was conducted in 64 classrooms in seven Head Start centers in Seattle, Washington. Families of 481 children took part in the study, with 335 in the IY condition and 146 in the control condition. Parenting practices and child behavior were measured by blinded raters through in-home observations and self-report questionnaires prior to the start of the IY program, in the spring after the IY program had concluded, and 12-18 months after study enrollment when children were in kindergarten. Analyses examine the impact of the IY program on parenting practices and children's behavior, exploring whether the program had differential impacts for parents with and without a self-reported history of child maltreatment. RESULTS: The IY program resulted in improvements along many parenting dimensions and on characteristics of observed child behavior. Program impacts were similar for parents who did and did not report a history of child maltreatment. However, parents with a reported history of prior maltreatment had greater initial room for improvement in areas such as harsh/critical parenting, nurturing/supportive parenting, and discipline competence than parents without such a history. CONCLUSIONS: The IY parenting program has positive impacts for parents who self-reported a history of child maltreatment. While similar benefits were observed for both groups of parents in this study, results support delivering evidence-based parenting programs of longer duration and higher intensity than often used by agencies serving parents in contact with child welfare. PRACTICE: Agencies serving parents referred for child maltreatment should carefully examine the characteristics of the parenting programs they deliver. Use of a parenting program that has a sound base of empirical support, such as IY, and sufficient intensity and duration, is likely to make substantial changes in parents' child-rearing practices. Language: en
Liability of recipient vessels distal to the zone of injury when used for extremity free flaps.

The selection of recipient vessels distal to an extremity defect can be a tantalizing option, offering the potential advantage of rapid accessibility to relatively large vessels that, in turn, would simplify revascularization of any desired microsurgical tissue transfer. However, such a maneuver contradicts the traditional dictum that any microanastomosis should be proximal to the zone of injury. A retrospective review of experiences with free flaps to the extremities corroborated this predilection for proximally-based flaps, which were successful in 115 of 136 cases (84.6 percent). Eleven distally-based flaps were also attempted : four were converted intraoperatively to proximally-based flaps ; one was moved to an even more distal site, necessitating an interposition vein graft ; and one totally failed. Although six (54.5 percent) distally-based flaps were ultimately successful, the incidence of problems encountered overall negated most benefits, so that this option for recipient vessels would rarely be justified.
Pay for performance, version 2.0?

Geisinger, an integrated health care delivery system in northeastern Pennsylvania, promises that 40 key processes will be completed for every patient who undergoes elective CABG. Dr. Thomas Lee writes that this program is less about cardiac surgery than about the search for an alternative to traditional fee-for-service care.
Spanning Cultural and Geographic Barriers with Knowledge Pipelines in Multinational Communities of Practice

AbstractMultinational construction and engineering companies are increasingly adopting communities of practice (COPs), as a means to encourage geographically dispersed and culturally diverse professionals to share knowledge on a global basis. If successful, these COPs form rich, knowledge sharing networks; they mobilize a company’s global knowledge base, allowing expertise to be applied when and where it is needed with relatively little managerial oversight. Conversely, geographic and cultural silos within COPs may form due to homophily, the social tendency of individuals to connect with similar others. These silos limit knowledge flows and curb the strategic advantage of a global workforce. Through empirical analysis of social network questionnaires and semistructured interviews, the research reported in this paper analyzed network patterns within three COPs to determine if geographic and cultural silos exist, identify structural patterns that defy homophilous trends, and explore why these network-level ...
Modulations of Mirroring Activity by Desire for Social Connection and Relevance of Movement

Mirroring neurons fire both when an individual moves and observes another move in kind. This simulation of others' movements is thought to effortlessly and ubiquitously support empathetic connection and social understanding. However, at times this could be maladaptive. How could a boxer mirror a losing opponent's expressions of fatigue, feeling his weariness, precisely when strength is required? Clearly, the boxer must emotionally disconnect from his opponent and those expressions of fatigue must become irrelevant and not mirrored. But, movements that inform of his opponent's intentions to deliver an incoming blow are quite relevant and still should require mirroring. We tested these dimensions of emotional connectedness and relevance of movement in an electroencephalography experiment, where participants' desires to socially connect with a confederate were manipulated. Before manipulation, all participants mirrored the confederate's purely kinematic (a hand opening and closing) and goal-directed (a hand opening and closing around a token that the participant desired) hand movements. After manipulation, unfairly treated subjects ceased to mirror the purely kinematic movements but continued to mirror goal-relevant movements. Those treated fairly continued to mirror all movements. The results suggest that social mirroring can be adaptive in order to meet the demands of a varied social environment.
Nonlinear absorption and dispersion in fiber coupled silicon photonic crystal microresonators

Two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption and dispersion, and thermo-optic dispersion in high-Q, ultra-small mode volume, photonic crystal cavities are studied experimentally. Sub-nanosecond free-carrier lifetimes, and optical bistability at /spl sim/ 100/spl mu/W cavity input power are observed.
On reliable circuits and systems: how reliability considerations are reshaping oxide scaling, device geometry, and VLSI algorithm

In this paper, we have outlined the growing importance of reliability-aware circuit design. Such reliability-aware device design has long been used for radiation-hard applications. Soon, however, such design techniques may become essential for any IC design based on newer transistor geometries of sub-100 nm CMOS technology. In addition to establishing the importance of device-circuit co-design, we also have proposed novel use of statistical design techniques based on transistor sizing and activity rebalancing for design with transistors with significant time-dependent parameter variation.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistors on Undoped Semiconductor Substrates for Radiation Detection

The use of a graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) to detect radiation is proposed and analyzed. The detection mechanism used in the proposed detector architecture is based on the high sensitivity of graphene to the local change of electric field that can result from the interaction of radiation with a gated undoped semiconductor absorber (substrate) in a GFET. We have modeled a GFET-based radiation detector, and discussed its anticipated performance and potential advantages compared to conventional detector architectures.
Effect of clindamycin on intestinal water and glucose transport in the rat.

Abstract Clindamycin therapy occasionally results in pseudomembranous colitis but more often results in a watery diarrheal syndrome which usually stops on cessation of clindamycin. This study was done to determine whether clindamycin itself might alter intestinal water, electrolyte, and glucose transport in the rat. The in vivo single-pass perfusion method was used. Perfusion with clindamycin altered intestinal water and electrolyte transport in a dose-related manner. Glucose transport was unaffected. Different segments of the intestine revealed a varying sensitivity to clindamycin: ileum > jejunum > colon. The transport defect was reversible on cessation of clindamycin perfusion. Chronic exposure of the intestine to clindamycin did not result in any alterations in water transport. The mechanism by which clindamycin causes these transport defects is unknown but did not involve the cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP systems, increased mucosal permeability, or alterations of mucosal morphology. The findings that clindamycin markedly inhibits intestinal water transport and induces net secretion in the ileum may explain the reversible watery diarrhea that many patients experience when treated with clindamycin.
Error exponent of exclusive-or multiple-access channels

We investigate the error exponent of exclusive-or multiple-access channels (XMAC) where the receiver wants to reconstruct the exclusive-or of incoming messages from two transmitters. We consider both the multiple access channel (MAC) strategy and the network coding (NC) strategy. In our analysis, the cutoff rate is used as a performance measure. Assuming a Gaussian XMAC and binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation at each node, we show that the MAC strategy performs better than the NC strategy in the low rate region while the NC strategy performs better in the high rate region.
Incremental parsing for latent semantic indexing of images

A generalized latent semantic analysis framework using a universal source coding algorithm for content-based image retrieval is proposed. By the multidimensional incremental parsing algorithm which is considered as a multidimensional extension of the Lempel-Ziv data compression method, a given image is compressed at a moderate bitrate while constructing the dictionary which implicitly embeds source statistics. Instead of concatenating all the corresponding dictionaries of an image corpus, we sequentially compress images using a previously constructed dictionary and end up with a visual lexicon which contains the least number of visual words covering all the images in the corpus. From the latent semantic analysis of the co-occurrence pattern of visual words over the images, a similarity between a given query and an image from the corpus is measured. An application of the proposed technique on a database of 20,000 natural scene images has demonstrated that the performance of the proposed system is favorable to that of existing approaches.
Nocturnal sleep, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in stable patients on hemodialysis

Background Although considerable progress has been made in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, compromised quality of life continues to be a significant problem for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). However, in spite of the high prevalence of sleep complaints and disorders in this population, the relationship between these problems and quality of life remains to be well characterized. Thus, we studied a sample of stable HD patients to explore relationships between quality of life and both subjective and objective measures of nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness
The Comparative Method of Anthropology

The basic operation in the comparative method is an arrangement of social or cultural conditions observed among existing peoples into a series that is then taken to represent a process of evolution. This procedure has been used to depict the whole sweep of human history, a limited period of development, or the growth of a particular social or cultural element or group of elements. The method has been applied most commonly, perhaps, in a search for origins of specific cultural items.
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Carbon Nanotube Interconnects

In this paper, we review the current status of CNT interconnect research, from both fabrication and modeling aspects. The fabrication issues of vertical and horizontal CNT interconnects and remaining challenges are discussed. State-of-the-art in both SWCNT and MWCNT modeling and performance analysis are presented. In addition, high-frequency effects, off-chip application, and process variation of CNT interconnects have also been discussed.
Disparities in Diagnoses Received Prior to a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study estimated differences by ethnicity in the diagnoses assigned prior to the diagnosis of autism. In this sample of 406 Medicaid-eligible children, African-Americans were 2.6 times less likely than white children to receive an autism diagnosis on their first specialty care visit. Among children who did not receive an autism diagnosis on their first visit, ADHD was the most common diagnosis. African-American children were 5.1 times more likely than white children to receive a diagnosis of adjustment disorder than of ADHD, and 2.4 times more likely to receive a diagnosis of conduct disorder than of ADHD. Differences in diagnostic patterns by ethnicity suggest possible variations in parents' descriptions of symptoms, clinician interpretations and expectations, or symptom presentation.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE NEST ARCHITECTURE OF NEOTROPICAL OVENBIRDS (FURNARIIDAE)

We reviewed the tremendous architectural diversity of ovenbird (Furnari- idae) nests based on literature, museum collections, and new field observations. With few exceptions, furnariids exhibited low intraspecific variation for the nest characters hypothe- sized, with the majority of variation being hierarchically distributed among taxa. We hy- pothesized nest homologies for 168 species in 41 genera (ca. 70% of all species and genera) and coded them as 24 derived characters. Forty-eight most-parsimonious trees (41 steps, CI = 0.98, RC = 0.97) resulted from a parsimony analysis of the equally weighted characters using PAUP, with the Dendrocolaptidae and Formicarioidea as successive outgroups. The strict-consensus topology based on these trees contained 15 clades representing both tra- ditional taxa and novel phylogenetic groupings. Comparisons with the outgroups demon- strate that cavity nesting is plesiomorphic to the furnariids. In the two lineages where the primitive cavity nest has been lost, novel nest structures have evolved to enclose the nest contents: the clay oven of Furnarius and the domed vegetative nest of the synallaxine clade. Although our phylogenetic hypothesis should be considered as a heuristic prediction to be tested subsequently by additional character evidence, this first cladistic analysis of the fur- nariids demonstrates the general utility of nest characters in reconstruction of avian rela- tionships, and it provides a test of monophyly for several furnariid taxa. Received 29 July 1998,
A Toxic Mutator and Selection Alternative to the Non-Mendelian RNA Cache Hypothesis for hothead Reversion

Lolle and colleagues observed frequent true reversion of hothead ( hth ) mutations of Arabidopsis thaliana , whereby up to 10% of the progeny of self-pollinated homozygous hth/hth mutants carried a grandparental HTH allele ([Lolle et al., 2005][1]). Instability was not limited to the HTH gene: hth
EFFECT OF WATER IN EXPANDING CERAMIC BODIES OF DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS1

The effects of the composition of some ceramic bodies on their moisture expansions were investigated. With the exception of mixtures containing blast-furnace slag or magnesite, most bodies with high absorptions developed considerable expansion. Bodies with low absorptions composed of pure clay and feldspar developed practically no moisture expansion while those composed of clay, feldspar, and more than 20% silica developed considerable moisture expansion. By adding magnesite, the resistance of a ceramic body to moisture expansion was improved. Additions of whiting, iron oxide, and titanium oxide were not as beneficial as magnesite. It was found that crazing caused by moisture expansion of bodies can usually be prevented by proper manufacturing control.
Power allocation for F/TDMA multiuser two-way relay networks

We consider a multiuser two-way relay network where multiple pairs of users exchange information with the assistance of a relay node, using orthogonal channels per pair. For a variety of two-way relaying mechanisms, such as decode- and- forward (DF), amplify-and-forward (AF) and compress-and-forward (CF), we investigate the problem of optimally allocating relay's power among the user pairs it assists such that an arbitrary weighted sum rate of all users is maximized, and solve the problem as one or a set of convex problems for each relaying scheme. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the optimum relay power allocation as well as the comparison among different two-way relaying schemes.
An adaptive analog notch filter using log filtering

An adaptive analog notch filter is proposed for applications requiring high frequency adaptive signal processing. Based on a log filter circuit topology, this filter design suggests new circuitry for the implementation of analog adaptive filters. Simulation results demonstrate that the filter is capable of rejecting a sinusoid, and with a second notch filter section attached, is capable of rejecting a pair of sinusoids. The circuit design and the adaptation method are described.
Interaction of Mattesia oryzaephili (Neogregarinorida: Lipotrophidae) with Cephalonomia spp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and their hosts Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

The neogregarine, Mattesia oryzaephili, is pathogenic for several stored-grain pest insects, including the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus. It also infects their respective bethylid parasitoids, Cephalonomia tarsalis and Cephalonomia waterstoni. Male wasps do not attack the beetle larvae and do not become infected, but the disease is transmitted per os to nearly all female wasps when they paralyze or feed on infected hosts. The mean survival time of infected female C. tarsalis after exposure to heavily infected O. surinamensis was 20.0 days, while that of healthy C. tarsalis was 38.0 days. For C. waterstoni females, the mean survival times were 36.1 days when infected and 45.9 days when uninfected. The long survival time of infected wasps fosters oviposition and inoculum deposition in the hosts’ habitat. The wasps sting and bite infected host larvae and sometimes oviposit. Wasp progeny that are deposited on infected host larvae rapidly succumb to M. oryzaephili. Two-hour wasp conWnement with patently infected larvae resulted in no transmission from C. waterstoni to C. ferrugineus and 4% transmission from C. tarsalis to O. surinamensis. Contamination of wheat by wasps after they had attacked infected beetles resulted in 8.9% infection of O. surinamensis that developed from eggs that were placed on the contaminated wheat. It is proposed that Cephalonomia spp. can be used as a means to inoculate M. oryzaephili into pest grain beetle populations and aid in its dispersal to help suppress pest populations. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Paleomagnetic data bearing on the origin of arcuate structures in the French Peak-Massachusetts Mountain area of southern Nevada

The eastern margin of the Yucca Flat basin, in southern Nevada, is bounded by north-northwest-striking tilted fault blocks of the Halfpint Range whose strikes curve as much as 90° clockwise into east-northeast strikes in the French Peak-Massachusetts Mountain (FPMM) area. This pattern of arcuate structures has been attributed to clockwise drag along a postulated northwest-trending, right-lateral shear zone. The flexure model implies that rocks within the FPMM area were rotated strongly clockwise about a vertical axis. Directions of remanent magnetization of the middle Miocene Ammonia Tanks and Rainier Mesa Members of the Timber Mountain Tuff and of the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff indicate no systematic vertical-axis rotation in the FPMM area and disprove the flexure model. After tilt correction, declinations of 29 site means obtained from the three ash-flow sheets in the FPMM area are not systematically different than declinations of 17 site means from the Halfpint Range or declinations of 16 site means from little-deformed mesa areas to the west. The paleomagnetic data thus indicate that structures in the FPMM area initiated with arcuate trends and were not originally straight elements that were rotated by right-lateral drag. The structures probably formed under the influence of spatially variable stress fields. The FPMM area lies in an accommodation zone between domains of oppositely tilted extensional fault blocks. Interaction between stress fields associated with propagating normal-fault zones may have been responsible for the arcuate structures in the FPMM area.
Should we avoid heart transplantation in cardiomyopathy due to radiotherapy/chemotherapy or amyloidosis? The devil is in the details

non-restrictive phenotype (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 93–1.22). RCM patients had a lower cardiac output, were less likely to receive mechanical circulatory support, and were more highly sensitized, with longer ischemic times than patients with non-restrictive phenotypes. Yet, they have 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of 84%, 66%, and 45% after cardiac transplantation compared with 85%, 70%, and 50% in non-RCM patients (p
A domain decomposition method for solving a two-dimensional viscous Burgers' equation

Abstract We present an efficient finite difference numerical solution for a convection equation that includes diffusion terms with small coefficients. The equation is first advanced on a coarse mesh. Regions of significant diffusion activity are identified using a threshold criterion. The coarse mesh is dynamically decomposed and the mesh is refined in these regions. The decomposition is heterogeneous in the sense that the problem formulations as well as the solution methods may vary from mesh to mesh. In particular, a mixed Euler-Lagrange method is developed that explicitly advances the coarse mesh relative to an Eulerian reference frame, and implicitly advances the refined meshes relative to moving Lagrangian reference frames. On the refined meshes the method is second-order accurate in space. Asynchronous Schwarz iterations are used between overlapping refined meshes, when needed, to communicate the data dependence of the implicit refined solution. The computation is distributed across the four processors of the shared memory CRAY-2.
A Guide to the University Museum Archives. University of Pennsylvania, prepared by Mary Elizabeth Ruwell and the staff of the University Museum Archives., The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1984

This book will be quite useful to researchers in the history of archaeology who find that The University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania a repository for materials that they need or wish to consult. The holdings of the University Museum Archives listed in this publication are organized according to a signed record group/geographic location.
Can You Hear Me Now? Evaluation of an Online Wireless Technology to Provide Real-Time Feedback to Special Education Teachers-In-Training

In this study, the authors examine whether an advanced online technology can be used to give teacher trainees real-time feedback on their use of research-based classroom practices. Participants include 15 teachers enrolled in a field-based graduate special education teacher preparation program. Data include video-recorded teacher observations and written reflections by teachers about their experiences. Quantitative results indicate that the advanced online bug-in-ear technology is a practical and efficient way to provide immediate feedback to increase teachers‘ rate of praise statements and their use of proven effective instructional practices and that these improvements are accompanied by increases in students‘ on-task behavior. Overall, trainees view the advanced online technology as a powerful tool for improving the teaching and learning process but report the need for patience and perseverance in both the teachers and the supervisor, as well as teachers‘ need for constant reassurance.
A multidecadal simulation of Atlantic tropical cyclones using a variable‐resolution global atmospheric general circulation model

Using a variable-resolution option within the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Department of Energy Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) Spectral Element (SE) global model, a refined nest at 0.25° (∼28 km) horizontal resolution located over the North Atlantic is embedded within a global 1° (∼111 km) grid. The grid is designed such that fine grid cells are located where tropical cyclones (TCs) are observed to occur during the Atlantic TC season (June–November). Two simulations are compared, one with refinement and one control case with no refinement (globally uniform 1° grid). Both simulations are integrated for 23 years using Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Protocols. TCs are tracked using an objective detection algorithm. The variable-resolution simulation produces significantly more TCs than the unrefined simulation. Storms that do form in the refined nest are much more intense, with multiple storms strengthening to Saffir-Simpson category 3 intensity or higher. Both count and spatial distribution of TC genesis and tracks in the variable-resolution simulation are well matched to observations and represent significant improvements over the unrefined simulation. Some degree of interannual skill is noted, with the variable-resolution grid able to reproduce the observed connection between Atlantic TCs and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is shown that Genesis Potential Index (GPI) is well matched between the refined and unrefined simulations, implying that the introduction of variable-resolution does not affect the synoptic environment. Potential “upscale” effects are noted in the variable-resolution simulation, suggesting stronger TCs in refined nests may play a role in meridional transport of momentum, heat, and moisture.
The open mapping theorem

A distinguished role is played in mathematical analysis by the open mapping theorems, that is, by those theorems asserting that, under suitable hypotheses, a continuous mapping must be open. (For one-to-one mappings this is equivalent to the assertion that the inverse mapping is also continuous.) The reader is already familiar with one theorem of this type, viz., the theorem asserting that a continuous and one-to-one mapping of a compact topological space onto a Hausdorff space is a homeomorphism (Prop. 3.3). We shall here study an open mapping theorem peculiar to linear transformations. Although we are principally interested in linear transformations between Banach spaces, the results that follow are valid in F-spaces, and it is in this context that we present them. We single out the substance of what is to be proved in the form of two preliminary lemmas. (Recall that in an F-space ℰ the closed ball with radius r centered at the origin is denoted by ℰ r , and the corresponding open ball by ℰ r ° )
The Implications of Income-Based Repayment and Public Service Loan Forgiveness on Student Loan Debt

The Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan decreases the burden of student loan debt for borrowers with high levels of debt or relatively low incomes. For borrowers with high debt or low income, student loan debt payments are based on income instead of the amount of debt and the interest rate. The unpaid balance is forgiven after 20 years. The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program allows unpaid student loan debt to be forgiven after 10 years for those that work for the government, non-profit, and other charitable organizations. There are numerous benefits and drawbacks to these programs.