cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OMERACT-based fibromyalgia symptom subgroups: an exploratory cluster analysis

The aim of this study was to identify subsets of patients with fibromyalgia with similar symptom profiles using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) core symptom domains. Female patients with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia and currently meeting fibromyalgia research survey criteria completed the Brief Pain Inventory, the 30-item Profile of Mood States, the Medical Outcomes Sleep Scale, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, the Multiple Ability Self-Report Questionnaire, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised (FIQ-R) and the Short Form-36 between 1 June 2011 and 31 October 2011. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering was used to identify subgroups of patients with similar symptom profiles. To validate the results from this sample, hierarchical agglomerative clustering was repeated in an external sample of female patients with fibromyalgia with similar inclusion criteria. A total of 581 females with a mean age of 55.1 (range, 20.1 to 90.2) years were included. A four-cluster solution best fit the data, and each clustering variable differed significantly (P <0.0001) among the four clusters. The four clusters divided the sample into severity levels: Cluster 1 reflects the lowest average levels across all symptoms, and cluster 4 reflects the highest average levels. Clusters 2 and 3 capture moderate symptoms levels. Clusters 2 and 3 differed mainly in profiles of anxiety and depression, with Cluster 2 having lower levels of depression and anxiety than Cluster 3, despite higher levels of pain. The results of the cluster analysis of the external sample (n = 478) looked very similar to those found in the original cluster analysis, except for a slight difference in sleep problems. This was despite having patients in the validation sample who were significantly younger (P <0.0001) and had more severe symptoms (higher FIQ-R total scores (P = 0.0004)). In our study, we incorporated core OMERACT symptom domains, which allowed for clustering based on a comprehensive symptom profile. Although our exploratory cluster solution needs confirmation in a longitudinal study, this approach could provide a rationale to support the study of individualized clinical evaluation and intervention.
Rapid waveform adaptation for nearly optimal detection in colored interference

A cognitive radar can dynamically design its transmit waveform in response to changing environmental knowledge, which may be obtained a priori, estimated online, or both. We consider the detection of targets in wide-sense stationary additive colored Gaussian noise. Cognitive radar has been shown to provide potentially significant improvements for this problem. However, existing algorithms may be too computationally demanding for some scenarios. We present an approach that can be implemented in the most demanding scenarios. This approach trades optimality for reduced computational complexity by computing a large library of nearly optimal waveforms before operation, and retrieving them rapidly at runtime.
Letter to the Editor: The Effects of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure on Hispanic Children's Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning

of the OP metabolite in their urine. The paper can be interpreted as a case-series of children with OP metabolites in their urine, for no true control group is present. Without an OP-free control group, is it possible to state the effects in question are due to the OP and not other influences? As toxicologists, we very much agree with the dangers of OP pesticides, having seen the life-threatening effects of accidental and intentional poisonings. Future study may reveal that short-term OP pesticide exposure is associated with cognitive and behavioral function, but this study did not reveal that. We feel that the authors’ conclusions that short-term OP pesticide exposure has deleterious effects on multiple aspects of children’s cognitive and behavioral functioning are notsupported bytheirdata. Weapplaud the authors for undertaking this study and look forward to further research in this area.
Locus Specificity for Mutation Induction in Human Cells Exposed to Accelerated Heavy Ions

SummaryThe relative efficiencies of two types of densely ionizing particles were compared for the induction of mutations at two distinct genetic loci in human cells. Mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance (hgprt locus) or to trifluorothymidine resistance (tk) locus were scored in TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to graded doses of 40Ar ions (470 MeV/amu, LET = 95–97 keV/μm) or 28Si ions (456 MeV/amu, 61 keV/μm). The autosomal tk locus was more efficiently mutated than the X-linked hgprt locus following heavy particle irradiations. This was predominantly due to the contribution of a class of slowly growing mutants scored at the tk locus. Silicon ions were more efficient per unit dose than argon ions for the induction of mutants at either locus. When the mutant yield for a particular ion was compared with particle fluence, similar numbers of hgprt mutants are induced by equal numbers of 40Ar or 28Si ions. Comparison of the number of tk mutants with particle fluence demonstrates an increased efficiency ...
Exponential factor dependent ZIP coefficients extraction and impacts of CVR in a utility feeder

Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is a technique in Volt-Var Control (VVC) of distribution feeders which basically reduces the voltage level to reduce power consumption and losses. In order to achieve the benefits of CVR, extraction of ZIP coefficients are essential. The CVR technique can also be used by integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER) on the distribution feeder. A ZIP coefficient extraction technique is discussed using the traditional load models and implementing them in PV-integrated utility distribution feeders for the purpose of this study. Simulation analysis is done using the voltage profile, power losses, and CVR factors at different voltage operating point.
Superposition of Multi-Valued Solutions in High Frequency Wave Dynamics

The weakly coupled WKB system captures high frequency wave dynamics in many applications. For such a system a level set method framework has been recently developed to compute multi-valued solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and evaluate position density accordingly. In this paper we propose two approaches for computing multi-valued quantities related to density, momentum as well as energy. Within this level set framework we show that physical observables evaluated in Jin et al. (J. Comput. Phys. 210(2):497---518, [2005]; J. Comput. Phys. 205(1):222---241, [2005]) are simply the superposition of their multi-valued correspondents. A series of numerical tests is performed to compute multi-valued quantities and validate the established superposition properties.
Politics and Business in the Indian Newspapers of Colonial Tanganyika

This article examines the history of two Indian newspapers, Tanganyika Opinion and Tanganyika Herald , to demonstrate how business considerations provided both the opportunity for East African Indians to make public arguments and the central limitation on the arguments that could be made. Founded on the inspiration of mass nationalist action through a territorial hartal , the Tanganyika Opinion and later the Herald blazed the trails that articulated 'Greater India' among the Anglo-Gujarati reading public in Tanganyika. But growing conservative sentiments within this vulnerable minority, along with rising sectarian division, reduced both the patronage and audience for a singular 'anti-colonial' politics by the 1930s and 1940s. Moreover, as a marginal print node along the Indian Ocean littoral, the Opinion and Herald came to rely on an opportunistic mixture of wire services and consular propaganda to keep abreast of regional and international news developments. Ultimately, the shrinking market for Anglo-Gujarati newspapers and rising opportunities in Swahili-language journals had sealed the doom of these and similar Indian newspapers by the time 'African' political independence arrived in the early 1960s. Resume: Cet article examine l'histoire de deux journaux indiens, le Tanganyika Opinion et le Tanganyika Herald , pour demontrer comment des considerations commerciales ont donne l'opportunite aux Indiens d'Afrique orientale de formuler des arguments publics, et la limitation centrale s'exercant sur ces arguments. Nes de l'inspiration du mouvement nationaliste de masse par le biais d'un hartal territorial, le Tanganyika Opinion puis plus tard le Herald ont ete les premiers a donner expression a la « Grande Inde »aupres du lectorat anglo-gujarati du Tanganyika. Or, la montee des sentiments conservateurs au sein de cette minorite vulnerable, et la montee de la division sectaire, ont reduit le soutien et le lectorat en faveur d'une politique « anticoloniale » singuliere au detour des annees 1930 et 1940. De plus, en tant que pole d'impression marginal sur le littoral de l'ocean Indien, l' Opinion et le Herald en etaient venus a dependre des agences de presse et de la propagande consulaire, de maniere opportuniste, pour se tenir au courant de l'actualite regionale et internationale. La baisse de la demande des journaux anglo-gujarati et les opportunites croissantes des revues en langue swahili ont fini par sceller le sort de ces journaux et autres journaux indiens similaires, avant meme que n'arrive l'independance politique de l'Afrique au debut des annees 1960.
Systematic Error in Hippocampal Volume Asymmetry Measurement is Minimal with a Manual Segmentation Protocol.

Hemispheric asymmetry of hippocampal volume is a common finding that has biological relevance, including associations with dementia and cognitive performance. However, a recent study has reported the possibility of systematic error in measurements of hippocampal asymmetry by magnetic resonance volumetry. We manually traced the volumes of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in 40 healthy people to measure systematic error related to image orientation. We found a bias due to the side of the screen on which the hippocampus was viewed, such that hippocampal volume was larger when traced on the left side of the screen than when traced on the right (p=0.05). However, this bias was smaller than the anatomical right > left asymmetry of the anterior hippocampus (p=0.004). We found right>left asymmetry of hippocampal volume regardless of image presentation (radiological versus neurological). We conclude that manual segmentation protocols can minimize the effect of image orientation in the study of hippocampal volume asymmetry, but our confirmation that such bias exists suggests strategies to avoid it in future studies.
Navigating large data sets in virtual worlds

The ever increasing mass of information leads to new challenges on analyzing or navigating the large data sets. Combining visual perception and interaction capabilities with the enormous storage and computational power of today's computer systems, especially with the rise of 3D virtual worlds, has great potential in providing deeper immersion and intuitive interactions with large data sets. In this demo, we exploit the potential of navigating large data-sets in a 3D virtual world, by transforming raw data sets into semantically rich, high level interactions and presenting data through rich, real-time visualization. We also explore the use of various digital devices that most users have available to build “distributed interfaces” and provide capabilities that make interactions within the 3D space, and with the data sets presented in the 3D space, more natural and expressive.
Reducing transfer delay using Java class file splitting and prefetching

The proliferation of the Internet is fueling the development of mobile computing environments in which mobile code is executed on remote sites. In such environments, the end user must often wait while the mobile program is transferred from the server to the client where it executes. This downloading can create significant delays, hurting the interactive experience of users.We propose Java class file splitting and class file prefetching optimizations in order to reduce transfer delay. Class file splitting moves the infrequently used part of a class file into a corresponding cold class file to reduce the number of bytes transferred. Java class file prefetching is used to overlap program transfer delays with program execution. Our splitting and prefetching compiler optimizations do not require any change to the Java Virtual Machine, and thus can be used with existing Java implementations. Class file splitting reduces the startup time for Java programs by 10% on average, and class file splitting used with prefetching reduces the overall transfer delay encountered during a mobile program's execution by 25% to 30% on average.
Tackling aquatic invasions: risks and opportunities for the aquarium fish industry

The aquarium trade is an important and rapidly growing vector for introduced species in the United States. We examined this vector by surveying pet stores in the San Francisco Bay-Delta region to compile a list of aquarium fish species commonly stocked. We identified which of these species might be able to survive in the Bay-Delta, and investigated store representatives' knowledge and attitudes about bio- logical invasions. A restrictive analysis using conservative estimates of fish temperature tolerances and environmental conditions found that the local aquarium trade includes 5 fish species that can survive in a temperate system such as the Bay-Delta. Under more inclusive parameters, up to 27 fish species met the criteria for survival in the Bay-Delta. We further explored these results by comparing potential invader incidence between different types of stores. In the more restrictive analysis, three national retail chains stocked significantly more potentially invasive species than independent aquarium stores, but there was no differ- ence in the more inclusive analysis. A significantly higher percentage of fish taxa were easily identifiable and well-labeled in chain stores than in independent stores. Most aquarium store representatives indicated willingness to take action to reduce the threat of trade- related introductions, although chain store employees were more willing to assign responsibility for reducing this threat to the aquarium industry than were inde- pendent store employees. Management efforts for this vector should focus on (a) improving labeling and identification of fish species in stores, (b) expanding the often spotty data on fish physiological tolerances, especially for saltwater species, (c) educating custom- ers and store employees about the risks posed by pet release, and (d) providing better options for responsible disposal of unwanted fish.
Personality-Ability Relationships in Aged Adults

In an effort to investigate personality-ability interrelationships in older persons, 102 community-residing elderly persons were administered the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT) and measures of both crystallized (Gc) and fluid (Gf) intelligence. Results suggested that each ability factor loaded on separate personality dimensions established in a previous analysis of HIT data using this sample. Whereas the personality factors labeled Anxiety Over Ideational Sufficiency and Feelings About Bodily Integrity loaded on Gc, factors termed Use of Cognitive Resources to Deal With Reality and Organizational Ability/Intellectual Functioning loaded on Gf. Causal inferences are difficult to make. However, these data suggest that individual differences in the maintenance of higher levels of intellectual functioning in later adulthood might be motivated by ego defensive mechanisms that act to insulate the older individual from feelings of self-worthlessness and failure and/or a loss of control over external forces via the development of intellectual skills.
Cherry leaf roll virus in the female gametophyte and seed of birch and its relevance to vertical virus transmission

SUMMARY ELISA detected cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) in infected birch leaf sap diluted 1/320 in buffer, in extracts of one infected leaf with nine healthy leaves and in leaf sap frozen for 2 wk. Similarly, ELISA detected CLRV in mixtures of one infected bud with four virus-free buds. Intensive bioassays and ELISA showed that in some trees CLRV was restricted to only a few branches whereas in others it occurred throughout the tree. The prevalence of CLRV in unmanaged birch populations in Britain was less (3%) than in Midlands street trees (17%). In CLRV-free birch trees that received pollen from infected ones, ELISA indicated that antigen was introduced into, and multiplied within, the embryos but not the seed coat or the pericarp/wings. In one instance, antigen was detected in a branch of an experimentally pollinated tree but not in those parts of the crown that had been exposed to open pollination. The proportion of seed germinating after crosses in which both parents were CLRV-free was greater than when either or both parents were infected but the largest difference occurred with infection in the female parent. Few embryos seemed to escape invasion with CLRV when the maternal tissue was naturally infected. Overall, seed transmission ranged between 0 and 38% (mean 17%) when only females in a cross were infected, and between 11 and 75% (mean 30%) when only the males were infected. Assuming no selective advantage that would help infected plants to achieve reproductive age, we found that CLRV would be lost from a birch population within two generations if transmitted only through seed. Embryos in seeds from CLRV-infected birch that received CLRV-free pollen differed from their healthy counterparts in being shrunken and suspended in a loosely fibrillar matrix that contained numerous virus-like particles in tubular inclusions. In two trees, CLRV-free pollen tended to fertilise a greater percentage of ovules than did CLRV-infected pollen. Seedlings derived from infected seed and cuttings from naturally-infected trees grew less rapidly than their healthy counterparts. In still air, most birch pollen liberated from a height of 3·5 m fell within 3 m of the drop zone and none was detected 10 m from the source. Field observations on the patterns of virus spread as measured by seedling infection were consistent; about 3% of seedlings from a tree 6·9 m away from the nearest source of inoculum were infected but no infected seedlings were detected in more distant trees, even though each was experimentally infectible with CLRV and pollen from the infected tree germinated on their stigmas.
Modeling the effects of outdoor gasoline powered generator use on indoor carbon monoxide exposures

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported that up to half of non-fatal CO poisoning incidents during the hurricane seasons in 2004 and 2005 involved generators operated outdoors but within seven feet of the home. The guidance provided on the safe operating distance of a generator is often neither specific nor consistent. Furthermore, some generator manufacturers recommend the use of extension cords to be “as short as possible to prevent voltage drop and possible overheating of wires”. This study modeled multiple scenarios of a portable generator operated outdoors using the CONTAM indoor air quality model coupled with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict CO concentrations near and within a home. The simulation cases included both human-controllable factors (e.g., generator location and exhaust direction and window opening size) and non-controllable factors (e.g., wind, temperature, and house dimensions). For the house modeled in this study, a generator positioned 4.6 m (15 feet) away from open windows may not be far enough to limit CO entry into the house. It was also found that winds perpendicular to the open window resulted in more CO infiltration than winds at an angle, and lower wind speed generally led to more CO entry. To reduce CO entry, the generator should ideally be positioned outside of airflow recirculation region near the open windows.
A Parallel Structure for Adaptive Line Enhancement

This paper discusses an adaptive structure which enables the detection and enhancement of narrow-band signals which have been corrupted by broad-band noise. A parallel configuration of second-order IIR adaptive filters is utilized, thus allowing detection of multiple signals. A gradient search algorithm is derived and the corresponding performance surface is evaluated.
Evaluating failure in terrain coverage by autonomous agents

The work on terrain coverage algorithms has been shown to be applicable to many real-world problems. Examples range from battlefield tactics to planetary exploration and from spell-checking to vacuuming. The general idea behind terrain coverage lies on exploring a defined area/environment as much as possible. Previous works have demonstrated the effectiveness of algorithms in various scenarios such as unobstructed and obstructed terrains, and terrains that contain special, hard-to-find, locations such as rooms accessible only by a small entrance. However, these evaluations fall a little short because they do not consider the fact that agents covering an area are prone to failures. For example, a robot in a planetary exploration task can break down and be permanently or intermittently unavailable. This paper attempts to close this gap by evaluating terrain coverage algorithms under three main failure models. The failure models themselves are defined here based on an empirical analysis of how agents fail in real-world applications.
Task scheduling for flexible manufacturing systems based on genetic algorithms

The authors present a genetic algorithm approach to solving the task scheduling problem in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) An FMS is modeled as a collection of m workstations and p automated guided vehicles (AGVs). The FMS completes a task by performing a series of operations through the workstations, and the parts are transported between the workstations by the AGVs. The problem of task scheduling in an FMS can be stated as finding a schedule for the p AGVs among the m workstations such that n tasks can be completed in the shortest time. The genetic algorithm developed uses a reproduction operator and five mutation operators to perform the task scheduling. Computer simulations of the proposed genetic algorithm are also presented. >
Tackling “Wicked Problems” in Planning Studio Courses:

Planning practitioners encounter both “tame” and “wicked” problems in the workplace. Conventional planning studios generally prepare students for the less complex or tame problems, but politically contentious studios fraught with uncertainty will simulate a more realistic, if not more challenging, studio experience. In this study, I use content analysis of university syllabi to determine the degree to which planning studios are preparing students to tackle “wicked problems” upon graduation. Then, based on the lessons learned from a workshop pertaining to natural gas drilling in the Marcellus Shale, I offer guidance to instructors of studio-type courses who wish to introduce their students to complex problem solving.
Philosophy, Casuistry, and Moral Development.

Moral educators have little to learn from the moral theories in which philosophers routinely trade. These theories — including those by Slote, Hume, and Kant — leave behind the concrete world in which the moral educator labors. As interesting as they may be, they merely devise alternative routes to the same destination — to the main general features of morality as we know it. It is not so much these general features but the particular forms of moral life under which children and their tutors live that give specificity to duties and rights, content to virtues, and shape to purpose. To navigate successfully through this stuff of moral life, the developing youth needs not only a good heart but a casuistical temper.
The negativity bias predicts response rate to Behavioral Activation for depression.

Abstract Background and Objectives This treatment study investigated the extent to which asymmetric dimensions of affective responding, specifically the positivity offset and the negativity bias, at pretreatment altered the rate of response to Behavioral Activation treatment for depression. Method Forty-one depressed participants were enrolled into 16 weekly sessions of BA. An additional 36 lifetime healthy participants were evaluated prospectively for 16 weeks to compare affective responding between healthy and remitted patients at post-treatment. All participants were assessed at Weeks 0, 8 and 16 using repeated measures, involving a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, questionnaires, and a computerized task designed to measure affective responses to unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant images. Results The negativity bias at pre-treatment predicted the rate of response to BA, while the positivity offset did not. Limitations Only one treatment condition was used in this study and untreated depressed participants were not enrolled, limiting our ability to compare the effect of BA. Conclusions Baseline negativity bias may serve as a signal for patients to engage in and benefit from the goal-directed BA strategies, thereby accelerating rate of response.
Clinical Insights Into the Biology and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a universally poor prognosis. In 2015, it is estimated that there will be 48,960 new cases of pancreatic cancer and that 40,560 people will die of the disease. The 5-year survival rate is 7.2% for all patients with pancreatic cancer; however, survival depends greatly on the stage at diagnosis. Unfortunately, 53% of patients already have metastatic disease at diagnosis, which corresponds to a 5-year survival rate of 2.4%. Even for the 9% of patients with localized disease confined to the pancreas, the 5-year survival is still modest at only 27.1%. These grim statistics highlight the need for ways to identify cohorts of individuals at highest risk, methods to screen those at highest risk to identify preinvasive pathologic precursors, and development of effective systemic therapies. Recent clinical and translational progress has emphasized the relationship with diabetes, the role of the stroma, and the interplay of each of these with inflammation in the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer. In this article, we will discuss these relationships and how they might translate into novel management strategies for the treatment of this disease.
Improving Shot Sleeve Life Through Selected Surface Heat Treatment of H13 Steel

A common problem seen in the die-casting aluminum automotive industry is the dissolution of the steel diecasting shot sleeve that holds molten aluminum prior to it being shot into the mold. Dissolution shortens the life of the shot sleeve by changing the geometry of the sleeve due to the washout effect. A solution is needed to retard the dissolution of the steel shot sleeves. The application of non-reactive surface treatments to the sleeve surface is thought to prevent dissolution. This experiment looked at two different methods of coating application: diffusion and layered coatings.
Solving Polynomial Optimal Control Problems via Iterative Convex Optimization

The polynomial optimal control problems (POCPs) have many applications where the objective, dynamics, and constraints are represented by polynomial functions. Through discretization, a POCP can be transformed into a polynomial programming problem. Very few of such problems are convex and thus they are generally classi ed as NP-hard. In this paper, we rst introduce new variables to transform the polynomial objective and/or constraints into quadratic functions to obtain an equivalent formulation of Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programming (QCQP) problem. Further transformation to matrix linear programming problem with rank-one constraint on the unknown matrix. A successive convex optimization approach, named Iterative Rank Minimization (IRM), is proposed to gradually satisfy the rank constraint. Rigorous proof is provided to verify that IRM can guarantee converging to an optimum of the original problem. The optimal launch ascent problem is solved by the proposed method to verify the e ectiveness and improved performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the results in the literature.
Receptive styles of implicit communication: a look at student actors and clinicians.

This note describes an experiment on the receptivity of implicit communication (Mehrabian, 1971) by smdenc actors and student clinicians. The importance of implicit communication in theatrical (Miller, 1972) and clinical (Mahl, 1968) training gave support to a research hypothesis which predicted a similaricy in the receptive styles of these two student groups. Twenty student actors, 20 clinical smdents, and 20 "naive" undergraduates rated two sets of prepared slides that depicted dyadic interaction on 18 semantic scales including the dimensions of evaluarion, potency, and responsiveness (Mehrabian, 1969). Ss also indicated the degree of importance they placed on the nonverbal modalities (facial expressions, gestures, and postures) in making semantic decisions. A three-factor mixed design with repeated measures on rwo factors was used. An analysis of variance1 performed on the semantic ratings showed that naive Ss, clinicians, and actors were not significantly different on these scales (Ms = 3.45, 3.51, 3.57 respectively; p > .05). A similar analysis of the modality scores did yield significant differences between subject groups (Ms = 3.55, 2.61, 2.57, respectively; F = 15.28, d f = 2/59, p .05); however, both groups differed significantly from the "naive" Ss ( p < .05). Further study of implicit communication and such "skilled" decoders of it as actors, mimes, painters, dancers, etc. may add much to an understanding of the total communication process.
Relationships between structure and synergístic activity of some structural analogs of DDT.

Twenty-eight compounds related to DDT were evaluated as DDT synergists applied topically to a resistant strain of house flies at a dosage of 1ug. of the test compound and 5 ug. of DDT. Some of the compounds were analogs of DDT and had previously been shown to exhibit synergistic activity. The effect on synergistic activity of varying the para substituents was studied in several series of compounds. In the p,p’ -substituted diphenylmethane series, synergistic activity was destroyed if bromo-, fluoro-, methyl or nitro- was substituted for chloro-. The para fluoro- substituted diphenylethane was inactive while the chloro- and bromo- diphenylethyl chlorides were more active than the corresponding methyl derivative, although less active than 1,1-bis( p -chlorophenyl) ethane. The diphenylethyl-enes exhibited this same activity pattern, chloro-derivatives being more active than the methyl derivative. The para chloro-, bromo- and methyl substituted diphenylvinyl chlorides were less active than their corresponding ethylenes or ethyl chlorides. The vinylidene chlorides and bromides exhibited no synergistic activity regardless of the nature of the para substituents.
Facial nerve palsy.

It is agreed that some cases of facial nerve palsy are surgical emergencies. Other cases are controversial. The best available electrodiagnostic test is 48 to 72 hours late in noting changes. An early test for axonotmesis is unavailable. Immediate consultation with a specialist qualified to deal with the problem is urged.
Creep behavior of the ternary 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder: Part II: Aged condition

Compression creep tests were performed on the 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu (wt.%) solder. The specimens were aged prior to testing at 125°C, 24 h or 150°C, 24 h. Applied stresses were 2–40 MPa. Test temperatures were −25°C to 160°C. The 125°C, 24-h aging treatment caused the formation of coarsened Ag3Sn particle boundaries within the larger ternary-eutectic regions. The 150°C, 24-h aging treatment resulted in contiguous Ag3Sn boundaries in the ternary-eutectic regions as well as a general coarsening of Ag3Sn particles. The 125°C, 24-h aging treatment had only a small effect on the strain-time curves vis-a-vis the as-cast condition. Negative creep was observed at 75°C for time periods >105 sec and stresses of 3–10 MPa. The creep kinetics exhibited a sinh term (stress) exponent, p, of 5.3±0.6 and an apparent-activation energy, ΔH, of 49±5 kJ/mol when data from all test temperatures were included. A good data correlation was observed over the [−25–125°C] temperature regime. Steady-state creep kinetics exhibited a greater variability in the [125–160°C] regime because of the simultaneous coarsening of Ag3Sn particles. The aging treatment of 150°C for 24 h resulted in a more consistent stress dependence and better reproducibility of the creep curves. Negative creep was observed in samples aged at 150°C for 24 h when tested at −25°C, 25°C, and 75°C. The values of p and ΔH were 4.9±0.3 kJ/mol and 6±5 kJ/mol, respectively. Only a slight improvement in the data correlation was observed when the analysis examined separated [−25−75°C] and [75–166°C] temperature regimes. Creep testing did not cause observable deformation in any of the sample microstructures.
Prognosis and Management of Congenital Hair Shaft Disorders with Fragility-Part I

Hair shaft disorders are characterized by congenital or acquired abnormalities of the hair shaft. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the prognosis and treatment options for hair shaft disorders. We used keywords in the search engines PubMed and Medline to identify all publications in English related to the prognosis and management of hair shaft disorders. Data were extracted from 96 articles that met search criteria. Findings were limited to case reports and small case series, as no studies were found. Disorders that improve in childhood include pili torti, trichorrhexis invaginata, woolly hair, and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Others, such as trichorrhexis nodosa, monilethrix, pili annulati, and pili bifurcati, improve with minoxidil. Oral retinoids have been found to improve hair abnormalities in trichorrhexis invaginata and monilethrix. There is no specific treatment for congenital hair shaft abnormalities. Gentle hair care is the mainstay of care for hair shaft disorders associated with fragility. Practices for gentle care include no brushing, backcombing, chemical products, tight braids, heat exposure, or mechanical grooming. Furthermore, any inherited or congenital disorder requires genetic counseling as part of management.
Conceptualizing Care Continua: Lessons from HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, Tuberculosis and Implications for the Development of Improved Care and Prevention Continua.

Background: To examine the application of continuum models to Tuberculosis, HIV and other conditions, to theorize the concept of continua, and to learn lessons that could inform the development of improved care and prevention continua as public health metrics. Methods: An analytic review of literature drawn from several fields of health care. Results: The continuum construct is now part of public health evaluation systems for HIV, and is increasingly used in public health and the medical literature. Issues with the comparability and optimal design of care continuum models have been raised, and their methodologic and theoretic underpinnings and scope of focus have been under-addressed. Review of relevant publications suggests that a key limitation of current models is their lack of measures reflecting incidence and mortality. Issues relating to continua data being longitudinal or cross-sectional, definition of numerators and denominators for each step, data sources, measures of timeliness of step completion, theoretic models to facilitate inferences of causes of care continuum gaps, how measures of prevention efforts, reinfection/relapses, and interactions of continua for co-occurring comorbidities should be reflected, and how analyses of differences in retention over time, across geographic regions, and in response to interventions should be conducted are critical to the development of sound care and prevention continuum models. Conclusions: Lessons learned from the application of continuum models to HIV and other conditions suggest that the application of well-formulated constructs of care and prevention continua, that depict, in well defined, standardized steps, incidence and mortality, along with degrees of and time to screening, engagement in care and prevention, treatment and treatment outcomes including relapse or reinfection, may be vital tools in evaluating intervention and program outcomes, and in improving population health and population health metrics for a wide range conditions.
Superconvergence by M-decompositions. Part III: Construction of three-dimensional finite elements∗

We apply the concept of an M -decomposition in the framework of steady-state diffusion problems to construct local spaces defining superconvergent hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods as well as their companion sandwiching mixed methods in ℝ 3 with tetrahedral, pyramidal, prismatic, and hexahedral elements.
Anomalies Enhanced: A Dynamic Trading Strategy

Many anomalies are based on low frequency attributes, such as annual characteristics, that ignore higher frequency information. In this paper, we provide a simple strategy to incorporate the higher frequency information. We find that there is significant economic value-added. For eight major anomalies, we find that the enhanced anomalies can double the average returns while having similar or lower risks. The results are robust to a number of controls.
A Fool-Proof Method For Mounting Serial Sections On Single Hole Grids

I did serial sectioning for years on large single hole grids using a very simple technique that made the potential problems of film thickness, wrinkles and section loss very minor. I was not the original developer of the method and do not remember who originally gave it to me. It goes as follows: 1) Have your machine shop cut some thin pieces of Plexiglas into the size of glass slides. At one end, drill about a dozen holes, roughly 5 mm in diameter, in an area about the size of a formvar film cast on glass slides. These slides will serve as your template for holding your films.
Personality and music major

Early research investigating the personality of college-aged student and professional musicians examined traits of music performers, composers, and music teachers. Subsequent research studies followed with examinations of personality in university music programs, several of which employed the Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory (MBTI). The prevalence of MBTI types has not been examined amongst the diversity of music programs currently offered in many universities. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of MBTI psychological type of university music students (N = 217) across six different music majors (i.e., Music Business, Music Composition, Music Education, Music Engineering, Music Performance, and Music Therapy). The MBTI mental function of Intuitive–Feeling was found to be highly over-represented in the total music sample as compared to national norms, while several other personality preferences significantly dominated or were sparse in the music majors. The findings extend the personal...
Therapeutic RNA interference for neurodegenerative diseases

Introduccion. El descubrimiento del ARN de interferencia (ARNi), una via biologica de control de expresion genica, ha revolucionado el campo de la investigacion biomedica. De las muchas aplicaciones del ARNi, quizas su explotacion terapeutica sea la mas prometedora. Un grupo de enfermedades donde el uso de ARNi terapeutico se esta explorando activamente lo constituyen los trastornos neurodegenerativos. Objetivo. Presentar tanto al neurologo clinico como al investigador basico un sumario actualizado del desarrollo de ARNi terapeutico para enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Desarrollo. El progreso tecnico en la manipulacion del ARNi en neuronas y los avances recientes en el conocimiento de la patogenia de los procesos neurodegenerativos han facilitado el diseno de ARNi terapeutico tanto para enfermedades hereditarias como idiopaticas. Varios ensayos preclinicos se han completado con exito en modelos animales, allanando el camino hacia el diseno de ensayos clinicos en humanos. Sin embargo, antes de llegar a ese punto hay que completar mas estudios experimentales en animales para demostrar la eficacia de esta modalidad terapeutica y, mas importante aun, para predecir los posibles efectos adversos de esta intervencion en el cerebro humano. Conclusion. Aunque todavia en estadios preclinicos, la explotacion del ARNi con fines terapeuticos en enfermedades neurodegenerativas esta generando resultados muy prometedores. La evolucion de este campo en los proximos anos puede ser critica para iniciar su aplicacion clinica.
Activities and Resolutions of IAU Commission 51

The origin of our Commission can be traced to a highly successful, one-day Session on “Strategies for the Search for Life in the Universe” which we organized in 1979 at the 17-th IAU General Assembly in Montreal. When on the next evening Frank Drake and myself gave a report on this Session to the IAU in an open meeting, the large auditorium of the University of Montreal was packed to standing room only with more than 1,000 astronomers from all around the world, confirming the unexpectedly strong interest that indeed existed among astronomers on this subject.
The Principle of Vulnerability in the UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights

“Vulnerability” is a relatively new concept in contemporary global bioethics. In authoritative bioethical documents it first surfaced in the Belmont Report in 1979, as a special consideration in the application of the general principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. This consideration is especially relevant in the context of rsearch with human beings.
Pancreatic duct-like cell line derived from pig embryonic stem cells: expression of uroplakin genes in pig pancreatic tissue

The isolation of a cell line, PICM-31D, with phenotypic characteristics like pancreatic duct cells is described. The PICM-31D cell line was derived from the previously described pig embryonic stem cell-derived exocrine pancreatic cell line, PICM-31. The PICM-31D cell line was morphologically distinct from the parental cells in growing as a monolayer rather than self-assembling into multicellular acinar-like structures. The PICM-31D cells were propagated for over a year at split ratios of 1:3 to 1:10 at each passage without change in phenotype or growth rate. Electron microscopy showed the cells to be a polarized epithelium of cuboidal cells joined by tight junction-like adhesions at their apical/lateral aspect. The cells contained numerous mucus-like secretory vesicles under their apical cell membrane. Proteomic analysis of the PICM-31D's cellular proteins detected MUC1 and MUC4, consistent with mucus vesicle morphology. Gene expression analysis showed the cells expressed pancreatic ductal cell-related transcription factors such as GATA4, GATA6, HES1, HNF1A, HNF1B, ONECUT1 (HNF6), PDX1, and SOX9, but little or no pancreas progenitor cell markers such as PTF1A, NKX6-1, SOX2, or NGN3. Pancreas ductal cell-associated genes including CA2, CFTR, MUC1, MUC5B, MUC13, SHH, TFF1, KRT8, and KRT19 were expressed by the PICM-31D cells, but the exocrine pancreas marker genes, CPA1 and PLA2G1B, were not expressed by the cells. However, the exocrine marker, AMY2A, was still expressed by the cells. Surprisingly, uroplakin proteins were prominent in the PICM-31D cell proteome, particularly UPK1A. Annexin A1 and A2 proteins were also relatively abundant in the cells. The expression of the uroplakin and annexin genes was detected in the cells, although only UPK1B, UPK3B, ANXA2, and ANXA4 were detected in fetal pig pancreatic duct tissue. In conclusion, the PICM-31D cell line models the mucus-secreting ductal cells of the fetal pig pancreas.
Influenzal meningitis: Report of a case with recovery

Summary 1. Recovery from influenzal meningitis, in which anti-influenzal serum and sulfadiazine had been used successfully is herein reported. 2. Although the patient was given 135.5 Gm. of sulfadiazine, there were no toxic effects. 3. Sulfanilamide and sulfapyridine had been previously used withoutclinical improvement.
Thermal Management of High-Power Switching Transistors Using Thick CVD-Grown Graphene Nanomaterial

Graphene is a promising material for thermal management. Heating in power electronics is a severe issue since heat generation can lead to rise in device temperature which can cause performance degradation and device failure. However, current approaches are not so efficient because of the extremely small thermal mass of monolayer or few layers graphene. Here we show a new type of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)–grown thick graphene network with in-plane thermal conductivity of 1100 W/mK on ceramic substrates for thermal management of power switching devices. The demonstration of graphene network's thermal management capabilities was carried out on a 10-Ω resistor module and a 1.2-kV SiC mosfet package module. The results show that the thermal management performance using graphene coated on a low cost Al2O3 direct-bonded copper (DBC) is significantly superior to the industry standard, costlier AlN DBC substrates. Specifically, the temperature of hot spots is lower by at least 25 °C when using CVD-grown graphene networks for thermal management. Numerical simulations suggest that the high in-plane thermal conductivity of thick graphene networks helps in quick transfer of heat away from the device. These demonstrations represent a transformative change on thermal management of WBG high-power switching devices.
Human Factors Engineering: Status, Interventions, Future Directions in Pediatrics

Human Factors Engineering (HFE) has had much success in research initiatives to identify socio-technical system barriers to improve patient and employee safety and healthcare quality. However, there have only been a few applications of HFE, in which research is translated into practice, and has been implemented in an organization. This paper presents a systematic review of HFE interventions that have been implemented to improve healthcare quality and patient safety, specific to the pediatric population. This paper also discusses the current status of HFE in healthcare and how the science of HFE can be further applied to improve safety in healthcare delivery processes. In the last few years, HFE has been applied in many different areas in healthcare. These areas include EHR design, imaging, medication management, patient experience, and care transitions. The interventions include a combination of cognitive, physical, and macroergonomics principles to improve healthcare delivery for pediatric populations. This systematic review identifies 28 peer-reviewed articles that have applied HFE in design, development, and implementation of an intervention to improve safety and/or quality for the pediatric population. The articles employ quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods to assess the effectiveness, acceptability, and sustainability of the intervention.