cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The longitudinal stability of the WRAT-R Reading subtest: is it an appropriate estimate of premorbid intelligence?

Reading tests are assumed to be accurate estimates of premorbid intelligence, based on the belief that reading remains relatively stable following cerebral injury/disease. However, this assumption has been primarily inferred only from studies comparing differences in reading/intelligence measures between neurologically impaired and normal groups. The current study, using within-subject comparisons, compared the longitudinal stability of reading (WRAT-R/3) and intelligence (WAIS-R FIQ) scores for 39 individuals with cognitive dysfunction referred for repeat neuropsychological evaluation. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests indicated that reading scores: (1) did not statistically change for those demonstrating intellectual decline (>0 point decline in FIQ), or for those who remained relatively stable (FIQ increase between 0 and 6 points) over retest, but (2) did significantly improve for those demonstrating intellectual improvement greater than 6 points. These results suggest that reading scores may be appropriately considered as “hold” tests for individuals who intellectually decline/remain stable over time, but not for those demonstrating significant intellectual improvement. Additionally, significant variability in reading score decline/improvement suggests that caution must be used when estimating premorbid intelligence based on WRAT-R/3 Reading scores. (JINS, 1996, 2, 282–285.)
Between Americanism and Modernism: John Zahm and Theistic Evolution

“Romanism and Evolution. Remarkable Advance. No Special Creation.” “Father Zahm on the Six Days of Creation.” “Father Zahm on Inspiration.” “Father Zahm Honored with a Private Audience by His Holiness.” 1 During the final decade of the nineteenth century religious periodicals and secular newspapers alike chronicled the growing fascination of the American Catholic community with the public debate over the latest theories regarding the evolution of species. One figure in particular, John Augustine Zahm, a Holy Cross priest and professor of chemistry and physics in the University of Notre Dame, captured many of the headlines and captivated Catholic audiences with his sophisticated, clear expositions of the various theories in the post-Darwinian controversies and with his repeated assurances that the idea of evolution, properly understood, posed no obstacle to the faith of the individual Catholic.
Urodynamic evaluation of the human bladder response to an increase in outlet resistance.

Aim. We prospectively evaluated the response of the human bladder to a chronic increase in urethral resistance according to the indices of pressure, volume flow rate, total (external) bladder work, and maximum and average detrusor power. Methods. Six men with incontinence after radical prostatectomy were evaluated urodynamically before and 3–6 months after undergoing a bulbourethral sling procedure. Results. None of the men suffered from significant obstructive or irritative voiding symptoms preoperatively. Urodynamic evaluation showed postoperative increases in both average detrusor pressure and pressure at maximum flow, but there were no significant changes in voided volume, void time, or postvoid residual urine volume. Maximum detrusor power, average detrusor power, and total (external) bladder work were all significantly increased. Conclusion. These data confirm that the human bladder possesses a functional reserve, which is elicited by an increase in urethral resistance. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:524–528, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
White Matter Hyperintensities and Their Penumbra Lie Along a Continuum of Injury in the Aging Brain

Background and Purpose—Aging is accompanied by clinically silent cerebral white matter injury identified through white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)– and diffusion tensor imaging–based measures of white matter integrity. The temporal course of FLAIR and diffusion tensor imaging changes within WMHs and their less-injured periphery (ie, their penumbra), however, has not been fully studied. We used longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging and FLAIR to explore these changes. Methods—One hundred fifteen participants, aged 73.7±6.7 years, received clinical evaluations and MRIs on 2 dates. WMHs and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were produced from FLAIR and diffusion tensor imaging and coregistered to a standardized space. Each distinct WMH was categorized as growing, stagnant, or noncontiguous incident. The penumbra of each WMH was similarly categorized as corresponding to a stagnant, growing, or noncontiguous incident WMH. Linear mixed-effect models were used to as...
Hepatic vein, hepatic parenchymal, and inferior vena caval mechanoreceptors with phrenic afferents

Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and placed on positive-pressure ventilation. The right phrenic nerve and/or its C5 branch were prepared for afferent recording. The hepatic veins, hepatic parenchyma, diaphragm, and inferior vena cava were studied for mechanoreceptors using light pressure and stroking as the stimuli. Mechanosensitive areas were found in the hepatic veins, hepatic parenchyma of the right medial lobe, and inferior vena cava. The hepatic vein and inferior vena caval receptors are located in the same 1- to 2-cm region as the sphincters that are found in these vessels. This study presents the first experimental evidence for the existence of hepatic vein receptors, hepatic parenchymal receptors, and inferior vena caval mechanoreceptors with phrenic afferents in the dog. These sensory areas of the circulation may be involved in the neural control of venous return as well as mediating changes in intrahepatic and portal venous blood pressure during normal respiration.
Black hole evaporation along macroscopic strings.

We develop the quantization of a macroscopic string which extends radially from a Schwarzschild black hole. The Hawking process excites a thermal bath of string modes that causes the black hole to lose mass. The resulting typical string configuration is a random walk in the angular coordinates. We show that the energy flux in string excitations is approximately that of spacetime field modes.
Vertical comb array microactuators

A vertical actuator fabricated using a trench-refilled-with-polysilicon (TRiPs) process technology and employing an array of vertical oriented comb electrodes is presented. This actuator structure provides a linear drive to deflection characteristic and a large throw capability which are key features in many sensors, actuators and micromechanisms. The actuation principle and relevant theory is developed, including FastCap simulations for theoretical verification. Design simplifications have been suggested that enable one to use parallel plate analytical expressions which match simulation results with /spl sim/5.6% error. Several actuators were designed and fabricated using the 7-mask TRiPs technology with calculated drive voltages as low as 45 V producing 10 /spl mu/m of deflection. The actuators employed a mechanical structure that was 18 /spl mu/m tall using a polysilicon layer 1.5 /spl mu/m thick and occupying a total area of 750 /spl mu/m by 750 /spl mu/m. The actuators were successfully tested electrostatically and several microns of deflection were observed.
Random-Effects Meta-Analyses Are Not Always Conservative

It is widely held that random-effects summary effect estimates are more conservative than fixed-effects summaries in epidemiologic meta-analysis. This view is based on the fact that random-effects summaries have higher estimated variances and, consequently, wider confidence intervals than fixed-effects summaries when there is evidence of appreciable heterogeneity among the results from the individual studies. In such instances, however, the random-effects point estimates are not invariably closer to the null value nor are their p values invariably larger than those of fixed-effects summaries. Thus, random-effects summaries are not predictably conservative according to either of these two connotations of the term. The authors give an example from a meta-analysis of water chlorination and cancer in which the random-effects summaries are less conservative in both of these alternative senses and possibly more biased than the fixed-effects summaries. The discussion of when to use random effects and when to use fixed effects in computing summary estimates should be replaced by a discussion of whether summary estimates should be computed at all when the studies are not methodologically comparable, when their results are discernibly heterogeneous, or when there is evidence of publication bias.
Simulated radiance profiles for automating the interpretation of airborne passive multi-spectral infrared images.

Methodology is developed for simulating the radiance profiles acquired from airborne passive multispectral infrared imaging measurements of ground sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The simulation model allows the superposition of pure-component laboratory spectra of VOCs onto spectral backgrounds that simulate those acquired during field measurements conducted with a downward-looking infrared line scanner mounted on an aircraft flying at an altitude of 2000–3000 ft (approximately 600–900 m). Wavelength selectivity in the line scanner is accomplished through the use of a multichannel Hg:Cd:Te detector with up to 16 integrated optical filters. These filters allow the detection of absorption and emission signatures of VOCs superimposed on the upwelling infrared background radiance within the instrumental field of view (FOV). By combining simulated radiance profiles containing analyte signatures with field-collected background signatures, supervised pattern recognition methods can be employed to train automated classifiers for use in detecting the signatures of VOCs during field measurements. The targeted application for this methodology is the use of the imaging system to detect releases of VOCs during emergency response scenarios. In the work described here, the simulation model is combined with piecewise linear discriminant analysis to build automated classifiers for detecting ethanol and methanol. Field data collected during controlled releases of ethanol, as well as during a methanol release from an industrial facility, are used to evaluate the methodology.
The Placeness of Sex Trafficking—Instilling Consciousness Through Minnesota's Experience

Collaboration has long been lauded as an effective means of bringing about change. In the case of sex trafficking, one of the greatest social ills of our time, collaborations with designers can shed light on the ways that sex trafficking remains hidden from public consciousness thereby allowing it to proliferate. By joining forces with others working to end trafficking in Minnesota, we explore the types of places implicated in sex trafficking and the potential role of design solutions, adding new dimensions to dialogues that call for an end to modern-is a call to action. In these efforts, we immerse interior design scholarship, pedagogies, and practice in the placeness of trafficking. “Placeness” connotes the state of being tied to a place, a physical space with material and social/behavioral qualities. We use a Multi-Disciplinary, Multi-Sectoral, Collaborative Engagement approach to unravel the mysteries surrounding the placeness of sex trafficking. This required a synthesis of interdisciplinary knowledge and collaboration with other university units, as well as close work with local institutions, organizations, and community members. Our team visited places identified by our collaborators that allowed us to experience them firsthand and begin to narrow down the design parameters that might make these specific spaces amenable to trafficking. Findings point to sex trafficking of women and girls in Minnesota happening everywhere around us: from cyberspace to hotel rooms and bathrooms in transit spaces, from public to private places, from the obvious to the unexpected. Design parameters we identified as conducive to trafficking or not, include space planning, color choices, and code regulations. Attention to design opportunities that emerge through collaborative energies can build consciousness and position design as a medium for social justice.
Technical considerations for platelet aggregation and related problems

(1983). Technical Considerations for Platelet Aggregation and Related Problems. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 27-69.
A Newly Identified Extrinsic Input Triggers a Distinct Gastric Mill Rhythm via Activation of Modulatory Projection Neurons

Neuronal network flexibility enables animals to respond appropriately to changes in their internal and external states. We are using the isolated crab stomatogastric nervous system to determine how extrinsic inputs contribute to network flexibility. The stomatogastric system includes the well-characterized gastric mill (chewing) and pyloric (filtering of chewed food) motor circuits in the stomatogastric ganglion. Projection neurons with somata in the commissural ganglia (CoGs) regulate these rhythms. Previous work characterized a unique gastric mill rhythm that occurred spontaneously in some preparations, but whose origin remained undetermined. This rhythm includes a distinct protractor phase activity pattern, during which a key gastric mill circuit neuron (LG neuron) and the projection neurons MCN1 and CPN2 fire in a pyloric rhythm-timed activity pattern instead of the tonic firing pattern exhibited by these neurons during previously studied gastric mill rhythms. Here we identify a new extrinsic input, the post-oesophageal commissure (POC) neurons, relatively brief stimulation (30 s) of which triggers a long-lasting (tens of minutes) activation of this novel gastric mill rhythm at least in part via its lasting activation of MCN1 and CPN2. Immunocytochemical and electrophysiological data suggest that the POC neurons excite MCN1 and CPN2 by release of the neuropeptide Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide Ia (CabTRP Ia). These data further suggest that the CoG arborization of the POC neurons comprises the previously identified anterior commissural organ (ACO), a CabTRP Ia-containing neurohemal organ. This endocrine organ thus appears to also have paracrine actions, including activation of a novel and lasting gastric mill rhythm.
The Twelve Choir Statues of the Cathedral at Reims

The purpose of this essay is to reconsider the ateliers that created the statues of the two thirteenth century north transept portals, the immediately related statues on the west facade and on other parts of the cathedral at Reims. Because of the paucity and the inconclusiveness of the thirteenth century documentation on the cathedral such fundamental considerations as the date of the beginning of these workshops, their pace, or scope of development, have always been dealt with on a purely subjective basis. Consequently dates given for this group of sculpture vary from fifteen to forty years.
Finite-element modeling of compression and gravity on a population of breast phantoms for multimodality imaging simulation.

Purpose: The authors are developing a series of computational breast phantoms based on breast CT data for imaging research. In this work, the authors develop a program that will allow a user to alter the phantoms to simulate the effect of gravity and compression of the breast (craniocaudal or mediolateral oblique) making the phantoms applicable to multimodality imaging. Methods: This application utilizes a template finite-element (FE) breast model that can be applied to their presegmented voxelized breast phantoms. The FE model is automatically fit to the geometry of a given breast phantom, and the material properties of each element are set based on the segmented voxels contained within the element. The loading and boundary conditions, which include gravity, are then assigned based on a user-defined position and compression. The effect of applying these loads to the breast is computed using a multistage contact analysis in FEBio, a freely available and well-validated FE software package specifically designed for biomedical applications. The resulting deformation of the breast is then applied to a boundary mesh representation of the phantom that can be used for simulating medical images. An efficient script performs the above actions seamlessly. The user only needs to specify which voxelized breast phantom to use, the compressed thickness, and orientation of the breast. Results: The authors utilized their FE application to simulate compressed states of the breast indicative of mammography and tomosynthesis. Gravity and compression were simulated on example phantoms and used to generate mammograms in the craniocaudal or mediolateral oblique views. The simulated mammograms show a high degree of realism illustrating the utility of the FE method in simulating imaging data of repositioned and compressed breasts. Conclusions: The breast phantoms and the compression software can become a useful resource to the breast imaging research community. These phantoms can then be used to evaluate and compare imaging modalities that involve different positioning and compression of the breast.
The role of asperity indentation and ploughing in rock friction — I: Asperity creep and stick-slip

Two processes which produce the stick-slip instability in the frictional slliding of rock have been identified. These are: (1) fracture of asperities at the onset of sliding, and (2) creep at the sliding surface leading to a progressive increase in real area of contact with time. The second process produces an increase in friction with increased time of stationary contact or decreased sliding velocity, and results from stress corrosion cracking and/or hydrolytic weakening. The Bowden and Tabor adhesion theory, when modified to include asperity creep, adequately predicts the frictional behavior of rock when brittle fracture of asperities is inhibited.
High temperature shock tube studies on the thermal decomposition of O3 and the reaction of dimethyl carbonate with O-atoms.

The shock tube technique was used to study the thermal decomposition of ozone, O3, with a view to using this as a thermal precursor of O-atoms at high temperatures. The formation of O-atoms was measured behind reflected shock waves by using atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS). The experiments span a T-range, 819 K ≤ T ≤ 1166 K, at pressures 0.13 bar ≤ P ≤ 0.6 bar. Unimolecular rate theory provides an excellent representation of the falloff characteristics from the present and literature data on ozone decomposition at high temperatures. The present decomposition study on ozone permits its usage as a thermal source for O-atoms allowing measurements for, O + CH3OC(O)OCH3 → OH + CH3OC(O)OCH2 [A]. Reflected shock tube experiments monitoring the formation and decay of O-atoms were performed on reaction A using mixtures of O3 and CH3OC(O)OCH3, (DMC), in Kr bath gas over the T-range, 862 K ≤ T ≤ 1167 K, and pressure range, 0.15 bar ≤ P ≤ 0.33 bar. A detailed model was used to fit the O-atom temporal p...
Pathology of splenic lymphoma.

Eleven spleens removed surgically from patients with malignant lymphoma were compared according to gross, histologic, and cytologic appearances with spleens surgically removed from patients with nonmalignant disorders. The gross comparison indicates that the lymphomatous spleens were 10 to 20 times heavier than the nonmalignant spleens. The cut sectional surfaces revealed three types: (1) diffuse-homogeneous, (2) multinodular, (3) solitary and multinodular. Histologically they presented with a diffuse or nodular pattern. Splenic trabeculae and subendothelial spaces were markedly infiltrated by malignant cells. Sinusoidal congestion was prominent. Cytologically, five cases of splenic lymphomas were classified as well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, five cases as poorly-differentiated lymphoma, and one case as composite lymphoma. Although numerous homogeneous lymphoid nodules were noted in the nodular lymphomas, no primary or secondary follicles or perifollicular marginal zones were seen in any of the cases of splenic lymphoma. In one spleen there were two cytologically distinct malignant lymphomas (composite lymphoma) consisting of a focal histiocytic lymphoma and a well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. To our knowledge, this unusual association in the spleen has not been reported before. This experience suggests that the gross and microscopic alterations in primary splenic lymphoma can be differentiated from those seen in benign splenic disorders.
Nursing Administration Research Priorities: Findings From a Delphi Study.

Objective The aim of this study is to determine the priorities for nursing administration research (NAR) in the United States. Background Previously known as the Council of Graduate Educators in Administrative Nursing, CGEAN provides an avenue for researchers and educators focused on NAR to partner, dialogue, obtain funding resources, and present their findings at a biennial International Nursing Administration Research Conference (INARC). In late 2013, with a goal of building consensus, CGEAN convened an INARC postconference to initiate the process of establishing critical NAR priorities for the future. Methods Data from a 3-staged Delphi study were used to identify relevant research topics and determine administrative research priorities. Results Eight final categories of NAR were determined. Conclusions This study found economic valuing of nursing and designing effective future healthcare delivery systems to be high priorities for NAR.
Use of an Internet-based protocol to collect clinical information and blood from patients with lung cancer who never smoked cigarettes

e19064 Background: At least 10% of patients develop lung cancer despite smoking <100 cigarettes in a lifetime. These “never smokers” with lung cancer have a unique clinical course and likely represent a subgroup genetically distinct from lung cancer patients with a history of cigarette smoking. Few genes associated with the development of lung cancer in this population have been found. To identify genetic risk factors, we plan to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) but need to study a large group of cases - more than that seen at a single institution in a reasonable timeframe. To speed accrual, we hypothesized that we could use the internet to collect clinical information and blood from never smokers with lung cancer. Methods: We established an IRB- approved protocol to collect prospectively clinical information and blood samples from patients recruited via the internet. Interested patients enroll via the website (www.mskcc.org/neversmokerswithlungcancer), or by email (neversmokerswithlungcance...
Annular Scaly Plaques.

A woman presented with a largely asymptomatic but mildly pruritic rash on her feet that did not improve with antifungal cream.
Lipid peroxidation results in compromised functional recovery of isolated rabbit hearts after low-pressure, hypothermic, perfused preservation for 24 hours

Low-pressure, hypothermic perfusion of isolated rabbit hearts for 24 hours compromises contractile function. This occurs despite continuous recirculation of an oxygenated solution. This investigation tested the hypothesis that such functional impairment results from irreversible tissue damage consequent to ischemia-induced lipid peroxidation. Decreases in coronary flow were measured during preservation and related to concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBA+, primarily malondialdehyde, a by-product of lipid peroxidation) in the tissue after preservation. The concentration of TBA+ species and the percent decrease in coronary flow rates at 30 minutes and 24 hours were positively correlated (r = 0.591 and r = 0.646, respectively). India ink was used as a marker of microvascular perfusion. Hearts showing the greatest magnitude of ischemia (evidenced by decreased percentages of perfused microvessels) had the highest levels of TBA+ species (r = 0.924). Moreover, hearts that had the highest levels of TBA+ species in the tissue exhibited the lowest levels of left ventricular function (as measured on a modified Langendorff apparatus; r = 0.767). We conclude that impaired coronary flow rates during perfused preservation portend compromised myocardial contractility. Furthermore, these changes occur largely within the first 30 minutes of perfusion. It is likely that early decrements in microvascular perfusion and consequent tissue injury owing to lipid peroxidation underlie impaired myocardial function after preservation. (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:532-40)
WE-DE-209-05: Self-Held Breath Control with Respiratory Monitoring and Feedback Guidance

Breast radiation therapy is associated with some risk of lung toxicity as well as cardiac toxicity for left-sided cases. Radiation doses to the lung and heart can be reduced by using the deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique, in which the patient is simulated and treated during the deep inspiration phase of the breathing cycle. During DIBH, the heart is usually displaced posteriorly, inferiorly, and to the right, effectively expanding the distance between the heart and the breast/chest wall. As a result, the distance between the medial treatment field border and heart/lung is increased. Also, in a majority of DIBH patients, the air drawn into the thoracic cavity increases the total lung volume. The DIBH was discussed by an AAPM Task Group 10 years ago in the AAPM TG 76 report. However, DIBH is still not the standard of care in many clinics, which may be partially due to challenges associated with its implementation. Therefore, this seccion will focus primarily on how to clinically implement four different DIBH techniques: (1) Active Breathing Control, (2) Spirometric Motion Management, (3) 3D Surface Image-Guided, and (4) Self-held Breath Control with Respiratory Monitoring and Feedback Guidance. Learning Objectives: 1. Describe the physical displacement of the heart and the change in lung volume during DIBH and discuss dosimetric consequences of those changes. 2. Provide an overview of the technical aspects. 3. Describe work flow for patient simulation and treatment. 4. Give an overview of commissioning and routine. 5. Provide practical tips for clinical implementation.
Multisystemic Infantile CoQ10 Deficiency with Renal Involvement

Abstract Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vital lipophilic molecule that transfers electrons from mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and II to complex III. Deficiency of CoQ10 has been associated with diverse clinical phenotypes: encephalomyopathy, severe infantile multisystemic disease, nephropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and isolated myopathy, with cerebellar ataxia and syndromic or isolated nephrotic syndrome being the most common. Here, we describe an infant with severe Leigh syndrome, glomerular nephropathy, CoQ10 deficiency in muscle, and compound heterozygous mutations in the PDSS2 gene, which encodes a subunit of decaprenyl diphosphate synthase, the first enzyme of the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway. Identification of CoQ10 deficiency is important because the disease, in particular muscle symptoms and nephropathy, frequently responds to CoQ10 supplementation.
Abstract 2801: Arginylation as a novel regulator of prostate cancer progression

Post-translational arginylation, mediated by Arginyltransferase (Ate1), is an important protein modification involved in stress response yet remains poorly studied. Our lab recently reported that a loss of Ate1 is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis and loss of contact inhibition in fibroblasts. However, the role of Ate1 in cancer initiation and progression is not clear. This study examines the effects of Ate1 loss in prostate cancer models of tumorigenesis and progression. We first show that Ate1 is required for normal cellular responses to several types of stress present in cancer. Preliminary data in fibroblasts shows that Ate1 is essential for cell death following oxidative stress, hypoxia, UV and gamma radiation, and apoptosis-inducing drugs. These results inspired further tests to examine if cancer progression may be directly stimulated by a loss of Ate1 through increased cell survival and invasiveness. To study the effects of lost Ate1, we characterize established prostate cancer cell lines with Ate1 stably knocked down. In PC-3 prostate cancer cells, a reduction of Ate1 corresponded with increased invasiveness in the Boyden Chamber invasion assay, and reduced H2O2-induced cell death. In LnCaP prostate cancer cells, reduced Ate1 induced significantly higher anchorage-independent growth during a soft-agar growth assay. In conclusion, our data suggests that the loss of Ate1 in prostate cancer serves to stimulate cancer progression, and that Ate1 protein expression levels may predict malignancy. Citation Format: Michael Birnbaum, Akhilesh Kumar, Fangliang Zhang. Arginylation as a novel regulator of prostate cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2801.
Does a peer-led exercise intervention affect sedentary behavior among breast cancer survivors?

Objective Sedentary behavior is recognized as an independent risk factor for chronic diseases. Cancer survivors report high levels of sedentary behavior. In secondary analyses, we examined the effects of an exercise intervention on sedentary behavior (sitting time) among breast cancer survivors. Methods Seventy-six breast cancer survivors (mean age = 55.62 y, mean 1.1 y since diagnosis) were randomized to receive either a 12-week telephone-delivered exercise intervention from peer volunteers or a contact control condition. The intervention did not specifically address sitting time. Participants' sedentary behavior was assessed for 7 days at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks via self-report and objective measurement (accelerometer). Results At baseline, our sample reported sitting for 7.75 hours/day (10.98 h/d by accelerometer data). Spearman rank correlations showed significant positive correlations at baseline between sitting time measured by self-report and accelerometer (ρ = 0.37; P = .002) in the entire sample. There were no significant changes over time within group nor were there any significant intervention effects on sitting time (self-report and objective) at 12 and 24 weeks (all P's > .05). Conclusions An exercise intervention that did not focus specifically on sitting time did not affect sedentary behavior among breast cancer survivors. Intervention components that specifically target sitting behavior are needed to reduce this risk behavior among survivors.
Leading-Brand Advertisement of Quitting Smoking Benefits for E-Cigarettes.

Objectives. To provide regulators and the US Food and Drug Administration with a description of cessation-themed advertising among electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) brands.Methods. We performed a content analysis of 6 months (January through June 2015) of advertising by e-cigarette brands on their company-sponsored social media channels and blogs as well as user-generated content (testimonials) appearing within brand-sponsored Web sites. An explicit claim of cessation efficacy unambiguously states that e-cigarettes help in quitting smoking, and implicit claims use euphemisms such as “It works.” We selected a cohort of 23 leading e-cigarette brands, either by their rank in advertising spending or their prevalence in Internet searches.Results. Among leading e-cigarette brands, 22 of 23 used cessation-themed advertisements. Overall, 23% of the advertisements contained cessation claims, of which 18% were explicit and 82% were implicit.Conclusions. Among leading e-cigarette advertisers, cessation themes are p...
The Knowing-Doing Gap in Advance Directives in Asian Americans: The Role of Education and Acculturation.

Objectives:The purposes of the present study were (1) to explore the completion rate of advance directives (ADs) in a sample of Asian Americans and (2) to examine the direct and moderating effects ...
Evaluation of established brain radiotracers for imaging pancreatic beta cells in healthy subjects with PET

168 Objectives The ability to quantify beta cell mass (BCM) and function in vivo in diabetic patients (T1DM and T2DM) is currently an unmet need that would provide more accurate evaluation of disease progress and efficacy of therapies, such as islet transplantation or pharmacologic intervention, and provide more direct physiological bases for optimizing therapeutic interventions. Since the VMAT2 tracer 18F-FP-DTBZ has proven useful for imaging BCM, the goal of this project is to evaluate other brain radiotracers in healthy subjects and determine their potential utility as BCM tracers. Methods Tracers were selected by utilizing the Beta Cell Gene Atlas database and ranking the targets of available brain tracers according to: 1) probability of gene expression and 2) gene expression level in the β-cell. The following 5 tracers ranked high on these scales and were thus evaluated in healthy controls: three D2/D3 receptor tracers 11C-raclopride, 11C-FLB457 and 11C-PHNO, the serotonin transporter tracer 11C-DASB, and 11C-UCB-J, a tracer for synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). These tracers were administered in 10 healthy subjects (1F/1M for each tracer) who underwent a 2-hour dynamic PET scan. SUV and SUVR (spleen reference) were calculated at 20-30, 60-90 and 90-120 min for all scans. Mean Pancreas SUV and SUVR of the two scans per tracer were also calculated. Results Qualitative assessment of PET/CT images showed high uptake in the pancreas for 11C-PHNO and discernible uptake with 11C-UCB-J. Rank order of mean pancreas SUVs at 20-30 min were 13.8 (11C-PHNO), 4.0 (11C-DASB), 3.0 (11C-FLB457), 2.2 (11C-raclopride), and 1.6 (11C-UCB-J). The rank order for SUVR at 20-30 min (Fig. 1F) was 7.1 (11C-PHNO), 1.7 (11C-UCB-J), 1.4 (11C-Raclopride), 0.9 (11C-FLB457), and 0.7 (11C-DASB). Mean pancreas SUV again ranked highest for 11C-PHNO among all tracers, with values of 4.1 and 2.6 at 60-90 and 90-120 min, respectively; but lower than that at 20-30 min. The same trend was seen with 11C-PHNO SUVR with values of 4.4 and 3.4 at 60-90 and 90-120 min, respectively. Based on time activity curves and pancreas to spleen SUVR (Figure 1), 11C-PHNO has become a candidate for further studies. Validation of the utility of this tracer for BCM imaging and quantification will require evaluation in healthy, T1DM and T2DM pancreas tissue as well as human PET studies in T1DM and T2DM. Conclusions Based on these preliminary data, 11C-PHNO is a promising candidate for imaging of BCM. This conclusion is supported by the higher affinity of 11C-PHNO for D3 receptors and evidence that D3 is implicated in dopaminergic regulation of insulin secretion (Ustione, et al., Mol Endocrinol, 2013).
Stellate ganglion block as rescue therapy in refractory ventricular tachycardia

Pain physicians and anesthesiologists routinely perform stellate ganglion block for the treatment of painful upper extremity sympathetic dystrophy. Close proximity of ganglion to vascular structures warrants some expertise and training in the procedure. Off late, successful use of the technique in intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmias has come in literature. We have few cases wherein we could successfully ablate intractable ventricular tachycardia with stellate block which was refractory to repeated shocks. We are reporting one such case with the intention of making an awareness in the anesthesia community about this treatment option.
Computationally predicted energies and properties of defects in GaN

Recent developments in theoretical techniques have significantly improved the predictive power of density-functional-based calculations. In this review, we discuss how such advancements have enabled improved understanding of native point defects in GaN. We review the methodologies for the calculation of point defects, and discuss how techniques for overcoming the band-gap problem of density functional theory affect native defect calculations. In particular, we examine to what extent calculations performed with semilocal functionals (such as the generalized gradient approximation), combined with correction schemes, can produce accurate results. The properties of vacancy, interstitial, and antisite defects in GaN are described, as well as their interaction with common impurities. We also connect the first-principles results to experimental observations, and discuss how native defects and their complexes impact the performance of nitride devices. Overall, we find that lower-cost functionals, such as the generalized gradient approximation, combined with band-edge correction schemes can produce results that are qualitatively correct. However, important physics may be missed in some important cases, particularly for optical transitions and when carrier localization occurs.
Some Recent Developments in Game Theory

In this paper I propose to discuss some recent developments in game theory over the last twenty years.1 The main topics I will consider are difficulties with the classical cooperative solution concepts; the new theory of games with incomplete information; analysis of cooperative games by means of noncooperative bargaining models; perfect and imperfect equilibrium points; and the problem of equilibrium selection, by which I mean the problem of selecting one particular equilibrium point of a noncooperative game as the solution of this game. I will also discuss the solution theory developed by Reinhard Selten and me to deal with the equilibrium selection problem.
Centrality and Generativity Within a Linguistic Family: Toward a Conceptual Base Theory of Groups

Centrality, generativity, and their relationship within a linguistic family were examined. Each family consisted of a proverb, an interpretation of the proverb, and two single-sentence scenarios which illustrated the proverb. Centrality was assessed in the first experiment through judgments of semantic similarity between family members and answers to questions regarding the representativeness, centrality, and redintegrative value of family members. The results indicated that the interpretations were the most central family members. A prompted recall task was used in the second experiment to assess the generative “power” of each family member. Subjects studied the families and then were given one of the family members, specified in acquisition, as a recall cue for the remaining members. Recall performance was best when the interpretations served as prompts. Assessment of the relationships between the experiments indicated that centrality and generativity were related directly. In general, the results were modeled best by treating the sentences as integral members of a dynamic, conceptually based system or group rather than as items varying in semantic distance as a function of feature overlap.
FOLLOWING YOUR LEAD: PATIENTS’ DIET ADHERENCE, SPOUSE AWARENESS AND INVOLVEMENT IN MANAGING DIABETES

Spouses often are involved in the day-to-day management of chronic illnesses by supporting their partners’ adherence to treatment recommendations (health-related social support), or regulating their partners’ behaviors when adherence is irregular or absent (health-related social control). Although support and control have implications for both partners, little is known about what prompts spouses’ daily involvement. Using daily diary data from 129 patients with type 2 diabetes, we found that on days when patients reported higher adherence to their diabetic diet, spouses were more aware of their partners being on track with their diet, which in turn, was related to more spousal support. On days when patients reported lower adherence, spouses were more aware of their partners being off track with their diet, which in turn, was related to more spousal control (both persuasion and pressure). Findings suggest that spouses may be appropriately calibrating their involvement in response to patients’ adherence.
Laser-induced breakdown spectra of rock powders at variable ablation and collection angles under Mars-analog conditions

Abstract Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has become a popular tool for rapid elemental analysis of geological materials. However, quantitative applications of LIBS are plagued by variability in collected spectra that cannot be attributed to differences in geochemical composition. Even under ideal laboratory conditions, variability in LIBS spectra creates a host of difficulties for quantitative analysis. This is only exacerbated during field work, when both the laser-sample distance and the angle of ablation/collection are constantly changing. A primary goal of this study is to use empirical evidence to provide a more accurate assessment of uncertainty in LIBS-derived element predictions. We hope to provide practical guidance regarding the angles of ablation and collection that can be tolerated without substantially increasing prediction uncertainty beyond that which already exists under ideal laboratory conditions. Spectra were collected from ten geochemically diverse samples at angles of ablation and collection ranging from 0° to ± 60°. Ablation and collection angles were changed independently and simultaneously in order to isolate spectral changes caused by differences in ablation angle from those due to differences in collection angle. Most of the variability in atomic and continuum spectra is attributed to changes in the ablation angle, rather than the collection angle. At higher angles, the irradiance of the laser beam is lower and produces smaller, possibly less dense plasmas. Simultaneous changes in the collection angle do not appear to affect the collected spectra, possibly because smaller plasmas are still within the viewing area of the collection optics, even though this area is reduced at higher collection angles. A key observation is that changes in the magnitude of atomic and total emission are Elemental compositions of our variable angle data that were predicted using a much larger but conventionally-collected calibration suite show that accuracy generally suffers when the incidence and collection angles are high. Prediction accuracy (for measurements acquired with varying collection and ablation angles) varies from ± 1.28–1.86 wt% for Al2O3, ± 1.25–1.66 wt% for CaO, ± 1.90–2.21 wt% for Fe2O3T, ± 0.76–0.94 wt% for K2O, ± 2.85–3.61 wt% MgO, ± 0.15–0.17 wt% for MnO, ± 0.68–0.78 wt% for Na2O, ± 0.33–0.42 wt% for TiO2, and ± 2.94–4.34 wt% SiO2. The ChemCam team is using lab data acquired under normal incidence and collection angles to predict the compositions of Mars targets at varying angles. Thus, the increased errors noted in this study for high incidence angle measurements are likely similar to additional, unacknowledged errors on ChemCam results for non-normal targets analyzed on Mars. Optimal quantitative analysis of LIBS spectra must include some knowledge of the angle of ablation and collection so the approximate increase in uncertainty introduced by a departure from normal angles can be accurately reported.
Three-Dimensional Printing of Nano Hydroxyapatite/Poly(ester urea) Composite Scaffolds with Enhanced Bioactivity

Polymer–bioceramic composites incorporate the desirable properties of each material while mitigating the limiting characteristics of each component. 1,6-Hexanediol l-phenylalanine-based poly(ester urea) (PEU) blended with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals were three-dimensional (3D) printed into porous scaffolds (75% porosity) via fused deposition modeling and seeded with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells in vitro to examine their bioactivity. The resulting 3D printed scaffolds exhibited a compressive modulus of ∼50 MPa after a 1-week incubation in PBS at 37 °C, cell viability >95%, and a composition-dependent enhancement of radio-contrast. The influence of HA on MC3T3-E1 proliferation and differentiation was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and biochemical assays. After 4 weeks, alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly for the 30% HA composite with values reaching 2.5-fold greater than the control. Bone sialoprotein showed approximately 880-fold...
At the Interface: The Influence of Dual Knowledge Networks on Incremental and Radical Innovation

Although extant literature has long argued that the embeddedness of firm operations within knowledge communities exerts a significant influence on learning, we know much less about how competing te...
The Full Income and Nonwage Income-Based Cost of Living Indices

In Chapter Seven we examined the construction of an income based cost of living index in the presence of an income tax, but where the consumer’s income was solely exogenous. This chapter considers the concept of income based cost of living indices when the consumer’s income depends upon an endogenously determined labor supply. Recall that \({\text{P}} = \left( {{\text{P}}_0 ,\bar P} \right)\)) and \(X = ({X_0},\bar X)\)).
FAMILIAL CHYLOMICRONEMIA SYNDROME: AN INSIGHT INTO ITS CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LONG TERM CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES

Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS) is a rare genetic dyslipidemia characterized by chylomicron and extreme triglyceride (Tg) elevation that is associated with pancreatitis risk. However, little is known about its clinical characteristics and long term outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed 70,
Visible but transparent hardware Trojans in clock generation circuits

Hardware Trojans that can be easily embedded in synchronous clock generation circuits typical of what are used in large digital systems are discussed. These Trojans are both visible and transparent. Since they are visible, they will penetrate split-lot manufacturing security methods and their transparency will render existing detection methods ineffective.
RESTRICTED MITOCHONDRIAL DNA FRAGMENTS AS GENETIC MARKERS IN CYTOPLASMIC HYBRIDS

ABSTRACT Cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) were made by fusing the chloramphenicol resistant (CAP-r) cytoplast of one mouse species with the chloramphenicol sensitive (CAP-s) whole cell of another mouse species or subspecies. The mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) of parents and cybrids was analysed by restriction endonuclease digestion and electrophoresis. Two types of cybrids were found: 1) those that maintained a balanced combination of endogenous, CAP-s and alien, CAP-r mt-DNA, and 2) those that showed repopulation by the alien CAP-r mt-DNA. When cybrids of the first type were returned to medium without CAP, the CAP-r phenotype segregated concordantly with the mt-DNA of the CAP-r subspecies, indicating that they are linked. In cybrids that showed repopulation, no segregation was observed, indicating that substitution was probably complete. No evidence of recombination was found. The repopulated heterospecific cybrids may be useful in determining which polypeptides are encoded by the mt-DNA. When CAP-s cells were treated with purified mt-DNA from CAP-r strains, CAP-s cells were efficiently “transformed” to CAP-r. Only the endogenous CAP-s mt-DNA was detected in these transformants. Fine structure restriction analysis suggests that small regions of the CAP-s mt-DNA may be altered, perhaps by incorporation of some CAP-r mt-DNA.