cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of Ethical Decision Making by Physicians and Nurses in Hospitals

This research investigates the impact of various factors on ethical behavior of 180 not-for-profit hospital employees. Ethical behavior of peers, ethical behavior of successful managers, and emotional intelligence had a significant positive impact on ethical behavior of respondents. Physicians and hospital employees with political connections within the organization were significantly less ethical than other employees. The results have many implications for researchers and healthcare practitioners.
Fabatins: new antimicrobial plant peptides

Two new antimicrobial peptides related to the γ-thionine family have been isolated by acid extraction from the broad bean Vicia faba. The extract was separated by ion exchange chromatography, and a fraction showing antibacterial activity was further purified by reverse-phase HPLC. Material from a single HPLC peak was sequenced and revealed the presence of two peptides differing by one amino acid. The peptides were named fabatins. They are 47 amino acids long, have an overall positive charge and contain 8 cysteines that probably form 4 disulfide bridges characteristic of the γ-thionins. Fabatins were active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, but were inactive against the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.
Disposition of drugs in cystic fibrosis. IV. Mechanisms for enhanced renal clearance of ticarcillin.

To investigate the hypothesis that renal secretion of penicillins is enhanced in cystic fibrosis the maximal tubular secretion rate (Tmax) of ticarcillin and the serum concentration of ticarcillin at half-maximal secretion rate (TC50) were determined in patients with cystic fibrosis (n= 6) and control subjects (n= 6). Each subject received three consecutive constant-rate intravenous infusions of ticarcillin (4, 13, and 70 mg/kg/hr; 21/2 hours each) simultaneously with a constant-rate (30 mg/kg/hr) infusion of inulin. Urine samples were collected at 1/2-hour intervals and serum samples at the midpoint of the urine collections. Ticarcillin and inulin concentrations in serum and urine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatographic and a spectrophotometric method, respectively. Ticarcillin serum protein binding was determined by ultrafiltration. Steady-state ticarcillin serum concentrations were achieved at all three infusion rates. The TC50 was significantly lower (p 0.05). These data indicate that renal clearance of penicillins is enhanced in cystic fibrosis because of greater affinity of the renal secretory system for these drugs. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1993) 54, 293–302; doi:10.1038/clpt.1993.150
Characterization, evolution, and molecular basis of a polymorphic antigenic determinant shared by HLA-A and B products

In our search for monoclonal antibodies defining specific HLA-A,B antigens we have found a significant number of antibodies with polymorphic reactions that are not explicable with our current picture of HLA-A,B interrelationships. Analysis of one antibody (MB40.1) in some detail shows that it recognizes subsets of both A and B antigens and that it is able to split highly cross-reactive pairs of A or B antigens. These results address an outstanding difference in the serological interpretation of H-2, where these types of public reactions have been well established, from HLA, where they have been poorly characterized. Comparison of these types of serological reactions with amino acid sequence data and the apparent evolutionary stability of these broad cross-reacting determinants suggests a simple model for the molecular nature based upon limited amino acid variability and convergent evolution.
Susceptibility to murine cholesterol gallstone formation is not affected by partial disruption of the HDL receptor SR-BI.

Abstract High density lipoprotein (HDL) promotes reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver where its cholesterol is secreted preferentially into bile. The scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is believed to play a pivotal role in unloading HDL cholesterol and its ester to hepatocytes. Here, using male SR-BI “att” mice with a dysfunctional mutation in the Sr-b1 promoter, we studied whether ∼50% of normal SR-BI expression influences gallstone susceptibility in these mice fed a lithogenic diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 15% butterfat. Our results showed that the disruption of SR-BI expression reduced cholesterol secretion by 37% in the chow-fed state and 10% on the lithogenic diet, and while delaying incidence slightly, did not influence cumulative susceptibility to cholesterol gallstones. The lithogenic diet induced marked increases in biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion rates but not of bile salts. Basal expression of hepatic SR-BI protein was dissimilar in both wild-type and SR-BI mice, and remained unaltered in response to the lithogenic diet. By two independent dual isotope methods, intestinal cholesterol absorption was unimpaired by attenuation of the SR-BI which also displays low-density expression on small intestinal enterocytes. We conclude that although HDL cholesterol is a principal source of biliary cholesterol in the basal state, uptake of cholesterol from chylomicron remnants appears to be the major contributor to biliary cholesterol hypersecretion during diet-induced cholelithogenesis in the mouse.
Cross-validation and predicted risk estimation for nonlinear iterative reweighted least-squares MRI reconstruction

Regularization is an effective means of reducing noise and artifacts in MR image reconstruction from undersampled k-space data. Proper application of regularization demands appropriate selection of the associated regularization parameter. Generalized cross-validation (GCV) is a popular parameter tuning technique especially for linear reconstruction methods, but its application to nonlinear iterative MRI reconstruction is more involved as it demands the evaluation of the Jacobian matrix of the reconstruction algorithm with respect to complex-valued data. We derive analytical expressions for recursively updating this Jacobian matrix for an iterative reweighted least-squares reconstruction algorithm. Our method can also be used to calculate a predicted risk estimate (PSURE) for MRI based on Stein's principle. We demonstrate with simulations and experiments with real data that regularization parameter selection based on GCV and PSURE provides near-MSE-optimal results for nonlinear MRI reconstruction from undersampled k-space data using l1-regularization.
Penetration and embrittlement of grain boundaries by sulphur and chlorine — Preliminary observations in nickel and a nickel-base superalloy

Les penetrations des sulfures et chlorures dans les joints de grains et la fragilisation intergranulaire a 800°C dans Ni270 cause plus de dommages que l'oxygene. L'effet du chlorure est plus important a basse temperature. IN 738 est serieusement affecte plus dans la vapeur Cl 2 qu'avec un environnement de corrosion chaud
Contralateral weakness following botulinum toxin for poststroke spasticity

Introduction: We describe 2 patients who received botulinum toxin A (BoNT) for poststroke spasticity and developed contralateral limb weakness. Methods: Both patients received high doses of BoNT with large dilution volumes and injection in the proximal upper extremity muscles, and developed weakness of the contralateral upper limb. These patients then underwent electrodiagnostic testing of the affected limb. Results: Repetitive nerve stimulation of the axillary and spinal accessory nerves revealed decrements of 23% and 16%, respectively. EMG revealed abnormal spontaneous activity and small polyphasic motor unit potentials with reduced recruitment. These findings indicated blockade of the neuromuscular junction. Both patients improved. Conclusions: Isolated weakness of the contralateral limb after BoNT injection for poststroke spasticity suggests diffusion of toxin through tissue planes from proximal upper extremity muscles, across the midline, to contralateral muscles. High doses of botulinum toxin, high dilution volumes, and injection of proximal upper extremity muscles appear to be risk factors for this adverse effect. Muscle Nerve 46: 443–448, 2012
Metamaterial films as narrowband terahertz emitters

Continued progress in terahertz (THz) research has emphasized the need for both improved THz sources and detectors. One approach to generate a narrowband THz radiation is to use metamaterial absorbers as thermal emitters. We present metamaterial based THz emitters consisting of a 100 nm aluminum layer patterned into squares separated from a ground plane of aluminum by a thin layer of silicon oxide (<2 μm) fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques. These metamaterials were designed to emit in one, two, and three different bands of the 4-8 THz range and demonstrate clearly definable separate peaks with bandwidths of approximately 1 THz. Modifying the multiple band configurations can produce relatively broad emission peak if desired. Single band emitters designed for 4.1, 5.4, and 7.8 THz were observed to emit, respectively, 11, 18, and 36 W/m2 at 400 °C in accordance with Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation. Coating a 4-inch wafer with these materials and heating it to 400 °C would produce an estimated 86, 145, and 280 mW of power, respectively. Additionally, emitted power increased linearly with temperature, as expected from the Planck’s radiation law in the THz spectral region at elevated temperatures. Emissivity of the metamaterial did not change significantly when heated, indicating that the constituent materials did not significantly change their optical or geometric properties.
Analysis of Rotational and Translational Movement of a Metallic Nanorod via Electric Fields

We derive a method to arbitrarily control the position and orientation of a micrometer sized metallic particle using dielectrophoretic manipulation with an array of electrodes. This technique can be extended for more than one particle.
Evaluating uncertain public projects with rival and non-rival benefits

Governments must often make decisions about the allocation of public funds among competing projects of uncertain value. With the benefits and costs of public projects evaluated in terms of consumer...
Covariance consistency methods for fault-tolerant distributed data fusion

Abstract This paper presents a general, rigorous, and fault-tolerant framework for maintaining consistent mean and covariance estimates in an arbitrary, dynamic, distributed network of information processing nodes. In particular, a solution is provided that addresses the information deconfliction problem that arises when estimates from two or more different nodes are determined to be inconsistent with each other, e.g., when two high precision (small covariance) estimates place the position of a particular object at very different locations. The challenge is to be able to resolve such inconsistencies without having to access and exploit global information to determine which of the estimates is spurious. The solution proposed in this paper is called Covariance Union.
Differential expression of the human MIXL1 gene product in non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas.

Summary The Mix1 homeobox-like ( MIXL1 ) gene encodes a paired class homeobox transcription factor that is involved in embryogenesis. Previous studies have shown that the MIXL1 gene product is expressed in B- and T-cell progenitors of normal bone marrow and, in some cell lines derived from hematopoietic neoplasms. The status of MIXL1 expression and subcellular localization in human lymphomas is unknown. Using a highly specific antibody, we assessed for MIXL1 expression in lymphoma cell lines of B- and T-cell lineage by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. We also assessed for MIXL1 expression using immunohistochemical methods in 193 lymphoid tumors, including 140 B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), 36 T-cell NHL, and 17 Hodgkin lymphomas (HL). MIXL1 was detected predominantly in the nuclear fraction of all cell lines tested and was predominantly nuclear in primary tumor specimens. Based on the distribution of the staining results (histogram), a 50% cutoff was selected for high versus low MIXL1 expression. High MIXL1 expression was detected more frequently in Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compared with other types of B-cell NHL ( P χ 2 test). Most cases of T-cell NHL and all cases of HL also highly expressed MIXL1. Most plasma cell myelomas were negative for MIXL1, but rare cases had low MIXL1 expression. MIXL1 expression significantly correlated with proliferation index (Ki-67) in B-cell NHL ( P
(Re)Inventing Modes of "Ethnographic Showing"

Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. xviii. 326 pp.
Acceptability of Interventions for Pediatric Pain Management

Examined the effects of pain symptom severity and patient diagnostic status on pediatric staffs' acceptability ratings of 6 interventions used to treat pediatric pain. Results indicated that (a) extinction was significantly less acceptable than all other behavioral and pharmacologic interventions, (b) self-management was more acceptable than all other interventions with the exception of contingency management, (c) accelerative procedures and self-management interventions were preferred to pharmacologic treatment, (d) patient diagnostic status and pain symptom severity failed to significantly influence treatment ratings, (e) self-management was the only intervention differentially rated as a function of pain symptom severity, and (f) pharmacologic treatment was differentially rated as a function of patient diagnostic status.
Ownership structure, corporate governance, and corporate performance: The case of Chinese stock companies

The authors investigate whether ownership structure significantly affects the performance of publicly listed firms in China and if so, in what way. With publicly listed stocks, one can quantify the ownership mix and concentration, which makes it possible to study this issue. The authors use the recent literature on the role of large institutional shareholders in corporate governance as a theoretical base. A typical listed stock company in China has a mixed ownership structure, with three predominant groups of shareholders -the state, legal persons (institutions), and individuals- each holding about 30 percent of the stock. (Employees and foreign investors together hold less than 10 percent.) Ownership is heavily concentrated: the five largest shareholders accounted for 58 percent of outstanding shares in 1995, compared with 57.8 percent in the Czech Republic, 42 percent in Germany, and 33 percent in Japan. Their empirical analysis shows that the mix and concentration of stock ownership do indeed significantly affect a company's performamce: there is a positive, significant correlation between concentration of ownership and profitability; the effect of concentrated ownership is greater with companies dominated by institutions than with those dominated by state; the firms' profitability is positively correlated with the fraction of legal person (institutional) shares; it is either negatively correlated or uncorrelated with the fraction of state shares and with tradable A-shares held mostly by individuals. Labor productivity tends to decline as the proportion of state shares increases.
Pre-electoral coalitions and voter turnout

Research on comparative voter turnout has produced a puzzling set of findings: proportional representation (PR) electoral systems increase turnout, but multiparty systems decrease turnout. This pap...
Selection of dose regimens of azithromycin

The unique pharmacokinetics of azithromycin are characterized by high, sustained tissue concentrations. The concentrations of azithromycin were predicted, following various multiple dose regimens, from concentrations in tonsillar, prostatic, and uterine tissues following single oral doses. Following a five-day treatment regimen (500 mg on day 1, followed by 250 mg on days 2-5), or a three-day regimen (500 mg daily for three days), concentrations of azithromycin in tonsillar tissue, representative of respiratory tract tissues, will continuously be greater than the MICs for key target pathogens (Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus) in infections of the respiratory tract for up to 10 days. Since tissue concentrations above the MICs for infecting organisms were correlated with efficacy in animal models of infection, short treatment regimens consisting of once-daily oral administration of azithromycin should be effective in the treatment of a variety of infections. A single 1 g oral dose will provide concentrations in the uterus and prostate, representing urogenital tissues, above the MIC for Chlamydia trachomatis for approximately 10 days. Thus, this regimen should be effective in the treatment of chlamydial infections of the genital tract.
Analysis of In Situ NK Cell Responses During Viral Infection

NK cells are required for early control of murine CMV (MCMV) infection, but the distribution of murine NK cells in situ has not been clearly defined. We tested the reactivity of all available NK cell receptor-specific mAbs by immunohistochemistry. Only one mAb, 4D11 (anti-Ly-49G2), was reactive with C57BL/6 tissue sections. mAb 4D11-reactive cells expressed the nuclear morphology and flow cytometric profile of NK cells. In lymphoid organs, NK cells were distributed primarily in the splenic red pulp, between adjacent lobes in lymph node and randomly in the cortex and medulla of the thymus. No NK cells were detected in normal liver sections. Two days following MCMV infection, most splenic NK cells were associated with the lymphoid follicles and marginal zone. By day 3 following infection, the number of liver NK cells had increased significantly and the cells were detected within inflammatory foci. These changes were independent of IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, as assessed in mice with targeted mutations. Concurrent immunostaining for NK cells and viral Ags revealed close association of NK cells and MCMV-infected cells in the spleen and liver. Similar results were obtained in CD1−/− and recombination activation gene-1−/− mice lacking NK T or T and B cells, respectively, indicating specificity of staining for NK cells. Thus, following MCMV infection, NK cells accumulate at sites of viral replication in an IL-12-, IFN-γ-, and TNF-α-independent manner.
Optimal inverse LQG control for certain ode and PDE stationary processes

Following work carried out earlier on linear-quadratic optimal control for linear finite dimensional stationary systems we report, in this article, on extension of some of those results to certain infinite dimensional systems; in particular a class of PDE systems of elliptic type. These systems are studied in the now familiar framework developed by J. L. Lions and E. Magenes, specialized to a subclass of such systems important in a variety of applications. As an extended example this paper studies an optimal redistribution problem in a groundwater flow system governed by Darcy’s equation, presenting both analytic and computational work related to such problems.
Architecture exploration for embedded processors

In this paper we will discuss the emerging application of “low-power” computing in bio-medical systems, both for ultra-low-energy and low heat producing embedded implantable devices, as well as for low power dissipation but high performance embedded computing platforms which process the large data sets collected from the sensors and implants in real-time. We will discuss the power and real-time performance requirements of the embedded platforms. We will outline the path to developing and analyzing bio-medical benchmark suite and identify the computational and data characteristics of a selected application - both for implantable devices and for external portable data processing platforms. This paper will also include an in-depth look at available simulation and design space exploration tools for different processor micro-architectures which can be used to design the green bio-medical computation platform.
Suppression of H2 Cooling in the Ultraviolet Background

The first luminous objects in the concordance cosmology form by molecular hydrogen cooling in dark matter dominated halos of masses ~106 M☉. We use Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement simulations to demonstrate that in the presence of a large soft ultraviolet radiation background, molecular hydrogen is the dominant coolant. Even for very large radiation backgrounds, the halo masses that cool and collapse are up to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the halos that cool via atomic hydrogen line cooling. The abundance of cooling halos and the cosmic mass fraction contained within them depends exponentially on this critical mass scale. Consequently, the majority of current models of cosmological reionization, chemical evolution, supermassive black hole formation, and galaxy formation underestimate the number of star-forming progenitors of a given system by orders of magnitude. At the highest redshifts, this disagreement is largest. We also show that even in the absence of residual electrons, collisional ionization in central shocks create a sufficient amount of electrons to form molecular hydrogen and cool the gas in halos of virial temperatures far below the atomic cooling limit.
Two-dimensional mapping of electron distribution functions in low pressure ICP

Two-dimensionally resolved Langmuir probe measurements of electron distribution functions (EDF) have been performed in a low pressure inductively coupled plasma. The measurements confirm nonlocal behavior of the EDF at low pressures while deviations from the nonlocality of the EDF are observed at higher pressures. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the energy relaxation length of the electrons.
Particle Filtering for Nonparametric Bayesian Matrix Factorization

Many unsupervised learning problems can be expressed as a form of matrix factorization, reconstructing an observed data matrix as the product of two matrices of latent variables. A standard challenge in solving these problems is determining the dimensionality of the latent matrices. Nonparametric Bayesian matrix factorization is one way of dealing with this challenge, yielding a posterior distribution over possible factorizations of unbounded dimensionality. A drawback to this approach is that posterior estimation is typically done using Gibbs sampling, which can be slow for large problems and when conjugate priors cannot be used. As an alternative, we present a particle filter for posterior estimation in nonparametric Bayesian matrix factorization models. We illustrate this approach with two matrix factorization models and show favorable performance relative to Gibbs sampling.
Testing for bias in the evolution of coloniality: a demonstration in cyclostome bryozoans

Abstract Colonial organisms vary in the degree to which they are individuated at the colony level, i.e., in the degree to which the colony constitutes a unified whole, as opposed to a group of independent lower-level entities. Various arguments have been offered suggesting that evolutionary change along this continuum may be biased, that increases may be more probable than decreases. However, counterarguments can be devised, and the existing evidence is meager and inconclusive. In this paper, we demonstrate how the question can be addressed empirically by conducting a test for bias in a group of stenolaemate bryozoans, the cyclostomes. More specifically, we suggest three criteria for colony individuation: degree of connectedness among lower-level entities (in this case, zooids), degree of differentiation among lower-level entities, and number of intermediate-level parts. And we show how these criteria can be used together with a phylogeny and ancestral-state reconstruction methods to test for bias. In thi...
Allogeneic Transplantation for Patients With Advanced Myelofibrosis: Splenomegaly and High Serum LDH are Adverse Risk Factors for Successful Engraftment.

Abstract Background Thirty consecutive patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis (MF) at our institution. The median age at the time of transplant was 49 (range, 18-68) years, 74% of patients had advanced Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS) scores, and 83% received reduced-intensity conditioning. Patients and Methods With a long follow-up of our patients, we analyzed disease and transplant variables that contributed to engraftment and outcomes. Results Neutrophil engraftment was achieved in 27 patients (90%) at a median time of 15 (range, 10-44) days, and 19 patients (63%) achieved platelet recovery at a median time of 18 (range, 8-100) days. Splenomegaly was associated with poor neutrophil engraftment (subdistributional hazard ratio [SHR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.83; P = .01) and platelet engraftment (SHR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.07-0.48; P P = .04). The median follow-up for surviving patients was 49 (range, 3-155) months. The 1-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and relapse were respectively, 57% (95% CI, 29%-76%) and 25% (95% CI, 7%-48%). Increased levels of LDH was associated with high NRM (SHR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.08-7.35; P = .03). The 4-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were 44% (95% CI, 29%-67%) and 37% (95% CI, 23%-61%), respectively. In the multivariable model, splenomegaly and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) > 1 were associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR], 5.40; 95% CI, 1.19-24.56); P = .03) and RFS (HR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.01-14.06; P 1 was also associated with worse RFS (HR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.31-19.14; P = .02). In this patient group with advanced disease, DIPPS score, Lille score, Janus-Associated Kinase V617F ( JAK2 V617F ) mutation status, and donor type did not predict transplant outcome. Conclusion We confirm curative potential, but high NRM of allogeneic transplant for advanced MF.
Research Needs in Sediment Hydraulics

Problems in which Bureau of Reclamation has experienced need for more research; transport and deposition in channels; unmeasured or bedload; channel stability; deposition behind structures; channel degradation.
Action of Apomorphine Hydrochloride on the Intact Intestine in Unanesthetized Dogs.

Summary and Conclusions1. The results of these experiments support the findings published by Gruber and Brundage1 and by-Slaughter and Gross.2 2. Apomorphine when injected intravenously may either increase or decrease the general tonus of the intact intestine, depending upon the animal and the condition of the animal at the time of the injection. Some animals respond to apomorphine only by increased tonus, others by decreased tonus, and still others by either or both responses. 3. The peristaltic contractions may be augmented by apomorphine especially when the general tonus is diminished. 4. Borborygmi are commonly noted following the intravenous injection of apomorphine.
Effects of Restoration of Blood Flow on the Development of Aortic Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice With Unilateral Renal Artery Stenosis.

Background Chronic unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS) causes accelerated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) mice, but effects of restoration of renal blood flow on aortic atherosclerosis are unknown. Methods and Results Male ApoE−/− mice underwent sham surgery (n=16) or had partial ligation of the right renal artery (n=41) with the ligature being removed 4 days later (D4LR; n=6), 8 days later (D8LR; n=11), or left in place for 90 days (chronic RAS; n=24). Ligature removal at 4 or 8 days resulted in improved renal blood flow, decreased plasma angiotensin II levels, a return of systolic blood pressure to baseline, and increased plasma levels of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin. Chronic RAS resulted in increased lipid staining in the aortic arch (33.2% [24.4, 47.5] vs 11.6% [6.1, 14.2]; P <0.05) and descending thoracic aorta (10.2% [6.4, 25.9] vs 4.9% [2.8, 7.8]; P <0.05), compared to sham surgery. There was an increased amount of aortic arch lipid staining in the D8LR group (22.7% [22.1, 32.7]), compared to sham‐surgery, but less than observed with chronic RAS. Lipid staining in the aortic arch was not increased in the D4LR group, and lipid staining in the descending aorta was not increased in either the D8LR or D4LR groups. There was less macrophage expression in infrarenal aortic atheroma in the D4LR and D8LR groups compared to the chronic RAS group. Conclusions Restoration of renal blood flow at either 4 or 8 days after unilateral RAS had a beneficial effect on systolic blood pressure, aortic lipid deposition, and atheroma inflammation.
Characterization of embedded fiber optic strain sensors into metallic structures via ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors measure deviation in a reflected wavelength of light to detect in-situ strain. These sensors are immune to electromagnetic interference, and the inclusion of multiple FBGs on the same fiber allows for a seamlessly integrated sensing network. FBGs are attractive for embedded sensing in aerospace applications due to their small noninvasive size and prospect of constant, real-time nondestructive evaluation. In this study, FBG sensors are embedded in aluminum 6061 via ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM), a rapid prototyping process that uses high power ultrasonic vibrations to weld similar and dissimilar metal foils together. UAM was chosen due to the desire to embed FBG sensors at low temperatures, a requirement that excludes other additive processes such as selective laser sintering or fusion deposition modeling. In this paper, the embedded FBGs are characterized in terms of birefringence losses, post embedding strain shifts, consolidation quality, and strain sensing performance. Sensors embedded into an ASTM test piece are compared against an exterior surface mounted foil strain gage at both room and elevated temperatures using cyclic tensile tests.
The Experimental study to improve Tai Chi Boxer's Teaching using"Cooperative learning"

Tai Chi Boxer is an important part of Physical education on college sports.This paper uses traditional Tai Chi Boxer teaehing as a platform of College's Physical Education,Based on the characteristics and the inherent to do the Experimental study of the application cooperative learning teaching strategies to improve the Tai Chi Boxer's Teaching education,learning the basic Cooperative learning ways and effective means in traditional Chinese Physical Education.
PerSketchTivity: An Intelligent Pen-Based Educational Application for Design Sketching Instruction

Design sketching is an important and versatile skill for engineering students to master in order to translate their design thoughts effectively onto a visual medium, whether it is to proficiently produce hand-drawn sketches onto paper, seamlessly interact with intelligent sketch-based modeling interfaces, or reap the various educational benefits associated with drawing. Traditional instructional approaches for teaching design sketching are frequently constrained by the availability of experienced human instructors or the lack of supervised learning from self-practice, while relevant intelligent educational applications for sketch instruction have focused more on assessing users’ art drawings or cognitive developmental progress. We introduce PerSketchTivity, an intelligent pen-based computing educational application that not only teaches engineering students how to hone and practice their design sketching skills through stylus-and-touchscreen interaction, but also aiding their motivation and self-regulated learning through real-time feedback. From the qualitative results of our usability tests of our application from eight university student participants of varying skill levels and disciplines, we observed that participants well-rated the usability of the application while also providing valuable feedback to improve the application even further.
Forensics filesystem with cluster-level identifiers for efficient data recovery

Recovering deleted information from a hard disk has been a long standing problem. The computer forensics community has tackled information recovery through the development of file carving techniques. Two issues, however, still present significant challenges to their on-going efforts - 1) Prior knowledge of file types is required for building file carvers including file headers and footers, and 2) fragmentation prevents file carvers from successful recovery. In the research work that we present in this paper, we propose a forensics file system that embeds a special identifier in every cluster that is either currently allocated or was in the past. The identifier keeps track of every cluster mapping the clusters to a single file irrespective of the file status - existing or deleted. We modified an exFAT implementation on FUSE to implement our forensics file system. Finally, we have been able to verify via controlled experiments that our proposed file system successfully recovers all deleted files in our test environment.
Risk factors for tracheostomy requirement in extremely low birth weight infants

Aim: To identify variables that affect the risk of tracheostomy in a population of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.Methods: A retrospective matched case–control study was conducted. ELBW infants with a tracheostomy were compared with controls without tracheostomy. Data collection included demographics, detailed information about each intubation and extubation attempt, the use of steroids and the presence of comorbidities. Statistical analyses include conditional logistic regression and Poisson regression for clustered observations.Results: Twenty-eight ELBW infants with a tracheostomy were identified. Mean gestational age for both cases and controls was 25 weeks (22–29) and 67.9% were males. Tracheostomy was performed on average on day of life 118 (95%CI: 107–128) and weight at tracheostomy was 2877 g (95%CI: 2657–3098). In the final model, cumulative days with an endotracheal tube (ETT) and total number of intubation episodes were associated with a tracheostomy. For each additional day ...
The Minor Protagonist, or the Reluctant Heroine

One additional way to understand the potentially superfluous woman is to consider the heroine of Mansfield Park. Fanny Price’s story begins in a minor space, since she has no expressed value. When Fanny is thrust onto the marriage market and has the chance to gain some expressed value, she finds a voice and refuses to be commodified. Thus, as Fanny Price asserts her rights not to settle for a marriage without affection, rejects the possibility of speculating on the marriage market, and sheds her superfluous and minor role, she ultimately earns her place as a heroine with solidified intrinsic value. Reading the six published novels of Jane Austen through the lens of economic valuation exposes the importance of expressed value in the marriage market of the long eighteenth century and its continuing conflict with intrinsic value. Even as English society was struggling to reconcile the supposed intrinsic value of gold and silver coins with the less certain expressed value of paper bank-notes, women on the marriage market were struggling to retain their intrinsic value as they were assessed by their expressed value or monetary worth. Even as a woman’s intrinsic value was enduring, her expressed value was more likely to find her a “preservative from want” and a “comfortable home.” Austen’s novels recognize the importance of expressed value for women’s survival, but they also question the devaluing of the intrinsic worth of women within that marriage-market culture.
“In the beginning was the place…”: an east–west dialogue of Creatio ex Profundis

This study will compare Neo-Confucian Zhang Zai (張載)’s taixu (太虛, the vast vacuity) and process ecotheologian Catherine Keller’s tehom (the chaotic depth in Hebrew) in light of the ultimate spatio-temporal place of creation, using the Korean term teum (in-betweenness) to connect these two resonant concepts. Both Keller and Zhang develop a nondualistic cosmology as opposed to the Augustinian doctrine of creation ex nihilo (the creation out of nothingness). Keller rejects the doctrine of creatio ex nihilo which was inherited by Augustine where God is the unilateral agent of creation while the multitudes (萬物, wanwu) are subalternized; and for Zhang, taixu is the ultimate place where cosmos and the multitude are born from the same fluid vital force (氣, qi) resonant with Keller’s creation ex profundis (creation out of the deep). The great vacuity is not nothingness but the fullness of vital force (氣, qi). Creation is the manifestation of the endless becoming(s) of taixu becoming myriad things by convergence of qi while myriad things become taixu by a diffusion of qi. Both Keller and Zhang Zai’s harmonious cosmology offers us today a new and healing paradigm of creation that this planet is one organic body of the myriad thing events in which we are all interconnected and which nothing is left out.
Teaching Science to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Over the past decade, education reform has focused heavily on improving scientific literacy for all students through the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics movement. Despite this focus, scientific literacy remains a challenge for students across the nation. For students with autism spectrum disorder, these mandates have the potential to lead to improved academic performance in the classroom as well as improved post-school outcomes in relation to better job opportunities and the potential for higher wages. This chapter outlines the evidence-based practices and research-based practices that have demonstrated effectiveness in providing high-quality science instruction for students with autism spectrum disorder and provides examples of how to implement these strategies within an inclusive science classroom setting. Finally, implications for providing science instruction and recommendations for progressing science instruction for this population of students are discussed.
ANALYSIS OF THE INITIAL UNITED STATES EXPERIENCE WITH THE BIOTRACE TEMPO TEMPORARY PACING LEAD IN TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (TAVR) AND OTHER CARDIAC PROCEDURES

The use of temporary pacing has increased dramatically with the rapid growth of TAVR and other structural heart procedures. Complications of temporary transvenous pacing leads include dislodgement causing loss of pace capture, arrhythmias and cardiac perforation. We report the results of a multi-
Barriers to resistance training among college-aged women.

Objective: To examine resistance training (RT) barriers among college-aged women. Participants: Female college students (n = 223) from a Midwestern university. Methods: Data were collected in Septe...
Adiabatic Magnetization of Mn Br 2 ·4 H 2 O

The adiabatic variation of temperature with applied magnetic field has been determined for a polycrystalline sample of Mn${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}4${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O in the liquid-helium region with applied magnetic fields up to 15 kG. The variation of ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}T}{\ensuremath{\partial}H})}_{S}$ vs $T$ at constant applied field is reported. A method of utilizing these data to determine the salient features of the magnetic "phase" diagram corresponding to a single-crystal sample is discussed and a comparison of these results with existing single-crystal data is presented.
Responses of neurons in primate ventral posterior lateral nucleus to noxious stimuli

1. Recordings were made from the caudal part of the ventral posterior lateral (VPLc) nucleus of the thalamus in anesthetized macaque monkeys. In additon to many neurons that responded only to weak mechanical stimuli, scattered neurons were found that responded to both innocuous and noxious stimulation or just to noxious stimulation of the skin. A total of 73 such neurons were examined in 26 animals. 2. Noxious stimuli included strong mechanical stimuli (pressure, pinch, and squeezing with forceps) and graded noxious heat (from 35 degrees C adapting temperature to 43, 45, 47, and 50 degrees C). The responses of the VPLc neurons increased progressively with greater intensities of noxious stimulation. The stimulus-response function when noxious heat stimuli were used was a power function with an exponent greater than one. 3. Repetition of the noxious heat stimuli revealed sensitization of the responses of the thalamic neurons to such stimuli. The threshold for a response to noxious heat was lowered, and the responses to supra-threshold noxious heat stimuli were enhanced. 4. The responses of VPLc neurons to noxious heat stimuli adapted after reaching a peak discharge frequency. The rate of adaptation was slower for a stimulus of 50 degrees C than for one of 47 degrees C. 5. For the six neurons tested, responses to noxious heat were dependent on pathways ascending in the ventral part of the lateral funiculus contralateral to the receptive field (ipsilateral to the thalamic neuron). In two cases, the input to the thalamic neurons from axons of the dorsal column was also conveyed by way of a crossed pathway in the opposite ventral quadrant. In another case, access to the thalamic neuron by way of ascending dorsal column fibers was demonstrated. 6. The thalamic neurons had restricted contralateral receptive fields that were somatotopically organized. Neurons with receptive fields on the hindlimb were in the lateral part of the VPLc nucleus, whereas neurons with receptive fields on the forelimb were in medial VPLc. 7. Ninety percent of the VPLc neurons tested that responded to noxious stimuli could be activated antidromically by stimulation of the surface of SI sensory cortex. It was possible to confirm that many of these cells project to the SI sensory cortex by using microstimulation. Successful microstimulation points were either within the SI cortex or in the white matter just beneath the cortex. 8. We conclude that some neurons in the VPLc nucleus are capable of signaling noiceptive stimuli. The nociceptive information appears to reach these cells through the ventral part of the lateral funiculus on the side contralateral to the receptive field, presumably by way of the spinothalamic tract. The VPLc cells are somatotopically organized, and they are thalamocortical neurons that project to the VPLc nucleus and SI cortex play a role in nociception.
Pupil response to social-emotional material is associated with rumination and depressive symptoms in adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is marked by repetitive thinking and high rates of depression. Understanding the extent to which repetitive negative thinking in ASD reflects autistic stereotypy versus general depressive thinking patterns (e.g., rumination) could help guide treatment research to improve emotional health in ASD. We compared associations between rumination, depressive symptoms, and pupil response to social-emotional material in adults with ASD and typically developing (TD) adults with and without depression. Methods N = 53 verbally fluent young adults were recruited to three cohorts: ASD, n = 21; TD-depressed, n = 13; never-depressed TD-controls, n = 19. Participants completed Ruminative Response Scale and Beck Depression Inventory self-reports and a passive-viewing task employing emotionally-expressive faces, during which pupillary motility was assessed to quantify cognitive-affective load. Main and interactive effects of cohort, emotion condition, and time on pupil amplitude were tested via a linear mixed effects analysis of variance using restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Similar procedures were used to test for effects of rumination and depressive symptoms on pupil amplitude over time within ASD. Results Responsive pupil dilation in the ASD cohort tended to be significantly lower than TD-depressed initially but increased to comparable levels by trial end. When viewing sad faces, individuals with ASD who had higher depression scores resembled TD-depressed participants' faster, larger, and sustained pupil response. Within ASD, depressive symptoms uniquely predicted early pupil response to sad faces, while rumination and depression scores each independently predicted sustained pupil response. Conclusions People with elevated depressive symptoms appear to have faster and greater increases in pupil-indexed neural activation following sad stimuli, regardless of ASD status, suggesting the utility of conceptualizing rumination as depression-like in treatment. Ruminative processes may increase more slowly in ASD, suggesting the potential utility of interventions that decrease reactions before they are uncontrollable. Findings also reinforce the importance of testing for effects of internalizing variables in broader ASD research.
From Terehell to Terenowhere

The chapter begins by investigating Teresina’s inescapable heat to show how the experience of extreme heat combined with an imagined superior and “cooler” outside world manifests as be-longing—a desire for Teresina, Piaui, to be seen as a place worthy of recognition. The chapter introduces the reader to the region’s long history of drought, poverty, and marginal position in the national imaginary and examines how residents perceive and deal with the heat on a daily basis, revealing how this experience contributes to their sense of be-longing in the city. The chapter sets the reader up for the subsequent chapter’s discussion of Teresina’s present moment—a city undergoing acute urbanization and socioeconomic change, and, therefore, a chance for residents to finally claim a rightful place for themselves.
Influence of Anesthetic Technique on Labor

This chapter examines the effects of anesthetic technique on the stages of labor. It also discusses the effects anesthetic techniques have on the risk for operative delivery or cesarean delivery.
The effect of the Preparing Pequeños small-group cognitive instruction program on academic and concurrent social and behavioral outcomes in young Spanish-speaking dual-language learners

Abstract Academic achievement for young dual language learners (DLL) is a critically acknowledged problem of national significance that has been understudied. To address this shortage, this study evaluated the effectiveness of Preparing Pequenos, an integrated small-group instruction program designed to promote increased learning for Spanish speaking DLL in language, literacy, and math. The DLL in the randomized Preparing Pequenos intervention classrooms were compared to control DLL with comparable Spanish language delays and in which the school district's core curriculum was being implemented. Intervention teachers and paraprofessionals, as part of Preparing Pequenos, implemented new classroom and time management systems in order to conduct 90 min of small-group instruction four days each week across the school year. In total, 51 control and 52 intervention classrooms participated; pre-test measures were completed with 829 children, with 777 of these children also completing post-test measures (7% attrition). Results showed that intervention teachers and paraprofessionals, as compared to control, showed greater increases in most of the targeted areas of cognitive instruction (d range = 0.60–2.38) and in the use of small groups (d range = 3.32–4.46), progress monitoring (d = 0.17) to inform instruction, and team teaching (d = 1.94). Intervention children, as compared to control, showed significantly greater gains in Spanish oral language, print knowledge, phonological awareness, and phonics with small to large effect sizes (d range = 0.14–0.52). Also, potentially as a result of greater attention to children's individual needs and support for managing their behavior, intervention children, as compared to control, showed greater decreases in school avoidance, anger, and aggression with small effect sizes (d range = −0.22 to −0.29). Results are discussed in relation to the need for greater attention in teachers' training in effective approaches for small-group instruction.