cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orthostatic Tremor: Pathophysiology Guiding Treatment.

Orthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare disorder characterized by tremor and a feeling of unsteadiness while standing that resolve upon walking or sitting. A pathognomonic 13–18 Hz tremor is seen on surface EMG while standing. Though its clinical features have been better defined over time, much of its pathophysiology remains unknown and treatment options are limited. We review here recent developments in both of these areas. Several recent studies have furthered our understanding of the central oscillatory network involved in OT. fMRI and 18F-FDG-PET studies have identified a ponto-cerebello-thalamo-cortical network underlying OT, though the nature of its dysfunction remains unknown. Randomized trials of treatments for OT are few, so most data are from case reports or small case series. Clonazepam and gabapentin are likely the most effective medical therapies, while bilateral ventral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation shows promise for refractory cases. Though much about OT remains unknown, our understanding of its pathophysiology has improved through recent studies. Treatment benefit is overall modest and inconsistent, though better understanding of the disease could lead to new avenues for treatment.
Dense Tactile Force Distribution Estimation using GelSlim and inverse FEM.

In this paper, we present a new version of tactile sensor GelSlim 2.0 with the capability to estimate the contact force distribution in real time. The sensor is vision-based and uses an array of markers to track deformations on a gel pad due to contact. A new hardware design makes the sensor more rugged, parametrically adjustable and improves illumination. Leveraging the sensor's increased functionality, we propose to use inverse Finite Element Method (iFEM), a numerical method to reconstruct the contact force distribution based on marker displacements. The sensor is able to provide force distribution of contact with high spatial density. Experiments and comparison with ground truth show that the reconstructed force distribution is physically reasonable with good accuracy.
Biliary Disease in Immunocompromised Patients: a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

Acute cholecystitis is a life-threatening disease process in immunocompromised patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, clinical course, and management of calculous and acalculous acute cholecystitis in immunocompromised patients. A single center’s database was queried for all patients with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis from January 1, 2003 to September 30, 2016 with concomitant diagnosis of neutropenia, leukopenia, leukemia, or lymphoma. These cases subsequently underwent chart review. Data on demographics, diagnostic studies, and management were collected and analyzed. There were 4525 patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis during the study window. One hundred twenty patients were identified to be immunocompromised at time of diagnosis. Seventy-nine patients (65.8%) had acute calculous cholecystitis while 41 patients (34.2%) had acalculous cholecystitis. There were no significant demographic differences between calculous and acalculous groups. There was similar use of percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (7.6%, 9.8%, p = 0.69), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (70.9%, 61.0%, p = 0.27), and open cholecystectomy (10.3%, 2.4%, p = 0.13) in both calculous and acalculous groups. While immunosuppression is commonly thought to be associated with acalculous cholecystitis, our data suggest the majority of acute cholecystitis in immunocompromised patients are calculous. Most patients in our studies were managed successfully with laparoscopic cholecystectomy with acceptably low complication rates. Calculous cholecystitis is more common than acalculous cholecystitis in immunocompromised patients. Both are often managed successfully with laparoscopic cholecystectomy with very low rates of conversion to open cholecystectomy.
Investigating the effects aviation fluids have on the flatwise compressive strength of Nomex® honeycomb core material:

Composite honeycomb sandwich structure is widely used for aircraft structures such as control surfaces, radomes, engine cowls, and aircraft interior structure because of its lightweight and high st...
100 Years of Progress in Ocean Observing Systems

AbstractThe history of over 100 years of observing the ocean is reviewed. The evolution of particular classes of ocean measurements (e.g., shipboard hydrography, moorings, and drifting floats) are ...
Agent Based Trading Model of Heterogeneous & Changing Beliefs

This paper presents an agent-based model of a stock market in which investors trade based on heterogeneous and changing beliefs. The model extends that from (Goodman, 2016), in which each agent trades based on the theory of dynamic investment in (Merton, 1969), with his own belief on the return of the stock. The baseline model implies that optimistic investors buy stocks from pessimistic investors. Then, the model is extended such that the beliefs of agents are time-varying: each agent adjusts his belief differently with the arrival of new information. The key findings from the simulation of the extended model are that (1) trade volume increases with higher heterogeneity of agents’ response to news arrivals and (2) return volatility decreases with more positive or more negative average level of response to news arrivals.
Renal and segmental artery hemodynamics during whole body passive heating and cooling recovery.

Our data indicate that increases in renal vascular resistance to the cold pressor test (i.e., sympathetic activation) are attenuated during passive heating, but at the end of cooling recovery this ...
Development of structural supercapacitors with epoxy based adhesive polymer electrolyte

Abstract Epoxy based adhesive polymer electrolyte was prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride, lithium triflate, and epoxy. The effect of the composition of the adhesive polymer electrolyte on the ionic conductivity, viscosity, and tension strength was investigated. The ionic conductivity of an adhesive polymer electrolyte could reach the order of magnitude of 10−2 S cm−1. Structural supercapacitors with epoxy based adhesive polymer electrolyte were fabricated using a vacuum bagging method. The structural supercapacitors showed excellent electrochemical performance and acceptable mechanical strength simultaneously. The maximum specific energy was 2.64 Wh kg−1 and the ultimate tensile strength was 80 MPa. The capacitance retention of the structural SC was 84% and the columbic efficiency was above 95% after 5000 cycles. The response of electrochemical performance of the structural supercapacitors to in-plane tensile stress was studied. Before fracture, both the specific power and the specific energy increased slightly with increasing the stress level.
DEEP ADAPTIVE SEMANTIC LOGIC (DASL): COMPILING DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE INTO DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS

We introduce Deep Adaptive Semantic Logic (DASL), a novel framework for automating the generation of deep neural networks that incorporates user-provided formal knowledge to improve learning from data. We provide formal semantics that demonstrate that our knowledge representation captures all of first order logic and that finite sampling from infinite domains converges to correct truth values. DASL’s representation improves on prior neuro-symbolic work by avoiding vanishing gradients, allowing deeper logical structure, and enabling richer interactions between the knowledge and learning components. We illustrate DASL through a toy problem in which we add structure to an image classification problem and demonstrate that knowledge of that structure reduces data requirements by a factor of 1000. We apply DASL on a visual relationship detection task and demonstrate that the addition of commonsense knowledge improves performance by 10.7% in a data scarce setting.
Finding and Visualizing Graph Clusters Using PageRank Optimization

We give algorithms for finding graph clusters and drawing graphs, highlighting local community structure within the context of a larger network. For a given graph G, we use the personalized PageRank vectors to determine a set of clusters, by optimizing the jumping parameter α subject to several cluster variance measures in order to capture the graph structure according to PageRank. We then give a graph visualization algorithm for the clusters using PageRank-based coordinates. Several drawings of real-world data are given, illustrating the partition and local community structure.
Synergistic effect of deoxynucleosides and AAV gene therapy for thymidine kinase 2 deficiency

Autosomal recessive thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) mutations causes TK2 deficiency, which typically manifests as a progressive and fatal mitochondrial myopathy in infants and children. Treatment with deoxycytidine and thymidine ameliorates mitochondrial defects and extends lifespan of Tk2 knock-in mouse (TK2-/-); however, efficacy is limited by age- and tissue-dependent expression of the cytosolic enzymes Tk1 and Dck. Thus, therapies aimed at systemic restoration of TK2 activity are needed. Here, we demonstrate that delivery of human TK2 cDNA to Tk2-/- mice using AAV9 efficiently rescued Tk2 activity in all the tissues tested except kidney, delayed disease onset, and increased lifespan. Sequential treatment of Tk2-/- mice with AAV9 first followed by AAV2 at different ages allowed us to reduce the viral dose while further prolonging the lifespan. Furthermore, addition of deoxycytidine and deoxythymidine supplementation to AAV9 + AAV2 treated Tk2-/- mice dramatically improved mtDNA copy numbers in liver and kidney, animal growth, and lifespan. These data indicate that combined pharmacological and gene therapies may be highly efficacious for human TK2 deficiency.
Loneliness and depression among adults living on MS Gulf Coast: Individual, interpersonal and community predictors.

Loneliness and depression are mental health problems prevailing in United States as well as the world. The primary goal of this study was to identify risk and protective factors associated with lon...
Reforming Dodd-Frank: Is the Financial Choice Act or Any Subsequent Act Proposed – The Right Choice in this Political Environment?

This Article will explore the pros and cons of federal financial regulation – and efforts made to overturn a vast segment of the regulations. We will examine key provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and the regulatory provisions enacted pursuant thereto that often cause consternation among the affected financial participants.
Natural history, homeopathy, and the real horrors of Le Fanu’s Carmilla

“I nearly reached the point of believing”: that is the formula which sums up the spirit of the fantastic. Either total faith or total incredulity would lead us beyond the fantastic: it is hesitatio...
Guiding Principals: Middle-Manager Coaching and Human-Capital Reform

Background/ContextSchool leaders are central to state and district human-capital reforms (HCRs), yet they are rarely equipped with the skills to implement new evaluation, professional development, ...
Financial Preparedness for Emergencies: Age Patterns and Multilevel Vulnerabilities:

Guided mainly by the social vulnerability perspective and life course perspective, this study examined age patterns of financial preparedness for emergencies and how they were contextualized by vulnerabilities at the individual and community levels. We matched data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency 2018 National Household Survey and 15 indicators of the Social Vulnerability Index at the county level. Two-level logistic regressions were conducted with the working sample, which included 4,623 respondents from 958 counties. The results showed that adults aged 18 to 44 were more likely than those aged 65 to 74 to set aside money for emergencies among Hispanics, those with minor children in the household, and in communities with higher levels of poverty, higher percentages of minorities, and higher percentages of no vehicles, but less likely to do so among the White and those with insurance. The findings were discussed within a multilevel layered vulnerability framework.
Are the IPCC’s findings encouraging climate action in sub-Saharan Africa?

Recently, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released Part I of its Sixth Assessment Report. While the report is comprehensive in outlining the climate change-induced changes to the physical environment, one wonders how relevant such information is to African policymakers planning for the next generation.
Geologic and Geomorphic Controls on the Occurrence of Fens in the Oregon Cascades and Implications for Vulnerability and Conservation

Montane fens are biologically diverse peat-forming wetlands that develop at points of groundwater discharge. To protect these ecosystems, it is critical to understand their locations on the landscape and the hydrogeologic systems that support them. The upper Deschutes Basin has a groundwater flow system that supports baseflow in many rivers, but little is known about the wetland types and groundwater dependence of the thousands of wetlands within the watershed. In 292 randomly selected wetlands, we quantified landscape metrics thought useful for discriminating montane fens from non-peat-forming wetlands. We inspected these wetlands and classified 67 of them as fens. Of the landscape metrics, only geology reliably differentiated fens from other types of wetlands. Nearly all fens develop in low-permeability glacial till found at approximately 1400–1800 m in elevation, and are concentrated in areas mantled by pumice deposits that originated primarily from the eruption of Mt. Mazama approximately 7700 years BP. Stratigraphic and hydrologic factors indicate the fens are supplied by perched aquifers in glacial till, instead of the deeper regional aquifer system. Their hydrogeologic setting makes the fens highly vulnerable to expected changes to recharge associated with climate change, but not to groundwater pumping from the regional aquifer.
Fulfilling the Promise of Brown - What Parents Involved Means for Louisville and the Future of Race in Public Education

In the summer of 2007, the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional the Jefferson County1 Board of Education’s race-based studentassignment plan in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1.2 The decision was both long-awaited and controversial.3 Parents Involved marked the first time that the Roberts Court was given the opportunity to address the issue of race in public education. The Court’s invalidation of the Seattle and Louisville public school assignment plans demonstrated what some perceived to be the Court’s clear movement to the right, prompting Justice Breyer to declare from the bench, “It is not often in the law that so few have so quickly changed so much.”4 This Note explains what Parents Involved means for the future of race-based student assignment plans. Specifically, Parents Involved will be examined through the vantage point of the community of Louisville, whose leaders have attempted to rework the city’s
The Physics of Wind Erosion and its Control1

Publisher Summary The chapter illustrates the movement and abrasion of soil by wind. Movement is initiated when the pressure of the wind against the surface soil grains overcomes the force of gravity on the grains. The grains are moved along the surface of the ground in a series of jumps known as saltation. The higher the grains jump, the more energy they derive from the wind. The concentration of saltating grains increases with distance downwind till, if the eroding field is large enough, it becomes the maximum that a wind of a particular velocity can sustain. The impacts of the saltating grains initiate movement of larger and denser grains and of smaller dust particles. The saltating grains collide against massive materials and other grains and cause disintegration of all involved. The solution of the problem is dependent on the overall progress made in research, testing, and extension.
MSW Students' Perceptions of Relevance and Application of Statistics: Implications for Field Education.

Many social work students feel anxious when taking a statistics course. Their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors after learning statistics are less known. However, such information could help instructors support students’ ongoing development of statistical knowledge. With a sample of MSW students (N = 101) in one program, this study examined students’ feelings of anxiety and confidence, beliefs about the relevance of statistics to their education and practice, and the relationship of these attitudes and beliefs to their actual statistical competence. The findings indicate that repeated exposure to statistics supports the development of statistical competence, particularly in relevant applied contexts like field education.
Gas Dynamics in Clusters of Galaxies

One of the more surprising results from X-ray astronomy is that the great volumes of space between galaxies in clusters of galaxies are not empty, as they appear in optical images. Instead, they are filled with a diffuse, hot plasma, with typical temperatures of T ∼ 107−108 K. At this temperature, the sound speed in the gas is comparable to the orbit velocities of the galaxies in the cluster, which is consistent with the gas being in hydrostatic equilibrium with the same gravitational potential as binds the galaxies. This intracluster medium (ICM) is highly rarefied, with electron number densities of ne ∼ 10−4−10−2 cm−3. At least on large scales, the gas is stably stratified, with the density decreasing with increasing radius r. The gas extends out to distances of r ∼> Mpc from the cluster center. The total mass of hot gas is typically Mgas ∼ 10M ; this mass exceeds the total mass of all the galaxies in a typical rich clusters, although even more of the mass is in the form of unseen “dark matter.” At temperatures of 106−108 K, the dominant radiation mechanism of a plasma is X-ray emission. As a result, clusters of galaxies are generally very luminous X-ray emitters, with luminosities of LX ∼ 1043− 10 ergs s−1. Clusters are second only to quasars as the most luminous X-ray sources in the Universe, and are the most luminous extended sources. While X-ray emission is the primary observational diagnostic for the intracluster medium, the ICM has a number of other important physical effects. It confines and distorts radio galaxies within the cluster. The cosmic ray and magnetic field components of the intracluster medium can also produce diffuse radio emission (see Feretti & Giovannini this volume). The ICM can strip interstellar gas from galaxies as they move through the cluster. Intracluster gas cools at the centers of many clusters, producing lower temperature gas. If the ICM contains dust, the dust will be strongly heated by the plasma, and may emit strongly in the infrared. The ICM also has a number of opacity effects; for example, it scatters and
Peptide Carrier-Mediated Transport in Intestinal Brush Border Membrane Vesicles of Rats and Rabbits: Cephradine Uptake and Inhibition

The uptake kinetics of cephradine, an amino-beta-lactam antibiotic, were studied in rat and rabbit intestinal brush border membrane vesicles preparations using both the Ca2+ and the Mg2+ methods of preparation, in the presence of an inward proton gradient. The Ca2+ method demonstrated greater uptake of cephradine in intestinal brush border vesicles prepared from both rat and rabbit and was used for these studies. The transport was observed to be of Michaelis-Menten carrier-mediated type with a passive transport component. The kinetic parameters obtained were as follows: for rat and rabbit, respectively, Km, 1.6 and 1.9 mM; Jmax', 1.7 and 20.7 nmol/mg/min; Pc' (= Jmax'/Km), 1.1 and 10.9 microL/mg/min; and Pm', 0.4 and 0.8 microL/mg/min. The kinetic parameters for the rat vesicles are consistent with those from our previous perfusion study using a conversion factor of 0.71 cm2/mg protein. The rabbit vesicles exhibited a similar Michaelis constant and a 10-fold larger maximal transport velocity, suggesting a quantitative advantage for the study of carrier-mediated transport in the rabbit compared to rat vesicles from the intestine. Cephradine uptake was inhibited by phenylpropionylproline, a proline derivative, and enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, which do not have an alpha-amino group, as well as dipeptides, tripeptides, and amino-beta-lactam antibiotics in both rat and rabbit vesicles. These results support the suggestion that they share the same peptide carrier pathway for oral absorption and that the vesicles may be a useful tool in developing orally effective peptide-type drugs.
Retinol-Binding Proteins in Human Testis Cytosol

In the cytosol fraction of human testes a specific binding protein for retinol has been isolated by sephadex column chromatography and by gradient centrifugation. The protein has a sedimentation coefficient of 2S, and its molecular weight is estimated by gel filtration to be approximately 16,000 daltons. Competitive binding studies with labeled retinol and 200-fold molar excess of unlabeled retinal, retinoic acid, retinyl palmitate and retinyl acetate indicate that the isolated protein is specific for retinol. Retinyl esters bind to the protein as effectively as retinol; however retinal binds to a lesser degree than retinol esters. In addition, a lower molecular weight protein of approximately 4,500 daltons was found in the cytosol that has comparatively lower affinity for retinol binding than the 16,000-dalton protein.
Sexual Dimorphism in Head Shape, Relative Head Width, and Body Size of Eurycea aquatica and Eurycea cirrigera

Abstract We examined variation in body size, head width, and head shape between males and females of two ecologically distinct species of plethodontid salamanders, Eurycea aquatica (Brownback Salamander) and Eurycea cirrigera (Southern Two-lined Salamander). Female-biased sexual dimorphism in body size occurred in E. cirrigera but not in E. aquatica. Male-biased sexual dimorphism in relative head width occurs in both species. Furthermore, male E. aquatica had larger heads than did male E. cirrigera. We also found significant differences in ventral and lateral head shape between male and female E. aquatica (sexual dimorphism in head shape), but male and female E. cirrigera did not differ in head shape. Males of the two species also significantly differed in both ventral and lateral head shape, while females of the two species differed in ventral head shape but not in lateral head shape. Because sexual dimorphism differed between the two species in different characteristics (body size, relative head width, ...
Experience with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: some unusual features.

Summary The clinical and immunologic features often patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), observed over periods varying from 12 months to 10 years, are reported. Acute attacks of ABPA were characterized by several, or all of: increased cough and sputum, haemoptysis, pleuritic pain, expectoration of sputum plugs, and increasing airways obstruction. Peripheral blood eosinophilia and acutely elevated serum IgE levels were seen in all patients during acute attacks, sputum eosinophilia and recovery of Aspergillus in sputum was less common. However, blood eosinophilia was not present in all attacks of ABPA and sputum eosinophilia varied similarly from one attack to another. Six patients with previously documented multiple precipitin lines have had no demonstrable precipitins to Aspergillus on several occasions between attacks, three of these patients have also been negative during attacks. Five of the six patients have again developed positive precipitin lines. The total number of episodes in these ten patients was fifty two, three patients have had more than nine acute attacks of ABPA. There is no seasonal variation in this group of patients. Since diagnosis, only three patients have had an attack-free interval longer than 12 months. Two patients are steroid-dependent because of severe asthma, and nine have symptoms of bronchiectasis.
Uptake of proteins by plant cells--the possible occurrence of pinocytosis in plants.

Abstract By the use of 14 C and 3 H-labeled ribonuclease, lysozyme, and hemoglobin and autoradiographs, proteins were demonstrated to enter the cells of roots. The labeled proteins were found in the cell wall, associated with the cell membrane, in the cytoplasm, and surrounding the nucleus. None of the labeled proteins were found in the vacuole. The suggestion is made that the proteins enter the cell through the mechanism of pinocytosis.
Changes in systolic arterial blood pressure in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats produced by acute administration of inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis

Abstract Six non-steroidal agents having the property of being able to inhibit prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis or action were tested for their ability to affect systolic blood pressure in unanesthetized normotensive (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). In WKY and pre-hypertensive young SHR, s.c. injection of indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg) had no significant effect on blood pressure measured 30 minutes after injection. In older SHR, indomethacin (15 mg/kg) caused a significant pressor response, while in age - matched WKY, this dose had no significant effect. Indomethacin also showed a prohypertensive action in 10–14, 23–38 and 23–27 week old SHR with doses of 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively. Tiaramide (5 mg/kg), ETYA (5 mg/kg), tolmetin (25 mg/kg), and meclofanamate (15 mg/kg) caused a significant elevation of blood pressure in mature (7–8 month old) SHR. Age matched WKY showed no significant response to the same doses of these four agents. Fenoprofen (75 mg/kg) caused a significant elevation in pressure in 12–13 week old SHR which persisted for at least 2 hours. Tiaramide had no significant effect on pre-hypertensive SHR. The results are consistent with the concept that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may result in a diminished turnover of antihypertensive prostaglandins in SHR which are being elaborated in response to the hypertensive state. In normal rats and pre-hypertensive SHR, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis or function may not result in a hypertensive response since pro-hypertensive factors either are absent, or other antihypertensive substances may still predominate to help maintain normal blood pressure.
Patient Satisfaction With Electroconvulsive Therapy

Objectives To determine whether patients who have electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are satisfied with their treatment and demonstrate more favorable attitudes about ECT compared with controls. Patients and Methods We developed a 44-item survey measuring ECT treatment satisfaction and attitudes. The survey was administered to 24 psychiatric inpatients near the end of ECT treatment and 2 weeks later. A modified survey was administered to 24 outpatient controls who had never received ECT and who were recruited from a psychiatry clinic waiting room. Results Patients who received ECT had positive attitudes about it. For example, 21 (91 %) of 24 patient respondents endorsed the statement, "I am glad that I received ECT." Attitude score was significantly higher for the ECT group compared with controls. A higher degree of satisfaction was associated with a higher level of education and younger age. Conclusions Patients who received ECT were satisfied with their treatment and had more favorable attitudes about it than patients who did not receive this treatment.
Online solar radiation forecasting under asymmetrie cost functions

Grid operators are tasked to balance the electric grid such that generation equals load. In recent years renewable energy sources have become more popular. Because wind and solar power are intermittent, system operators must predict renewable generation and allocate some operating reserves to mitigate errors. If they overestimate the renewable generation during scheduling, they do not have enough generation available during operation, which can be very costly. On the other hand, if they underestimate the renewable generation, they face only the cost of keeping some generation capacity online and idle. So overestimation of resources create a more serious problem than underestimation. However, many researchers who study the solar radiation forecasting problem evaluate their methods using symmetric criteria like root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE). In this paper, we use LinLin and LinEx which are asymmetric cost functions that are better fitted to the grid operator problem. We modify the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm according to LinLin and LinEx cost functions to create an online forecasting method. Due to tracking ability, the online methods gives better performance than their corresponding batch methods which is confirmed using simulation results.
Balancing the need to be “me” with the need to be “we”: Applying Optimal Distinctiveness Theory to the understanding of multiple motives within romantic relationships

Abstract Two distinct tensions can arise between individuals' relational-fulfillment and personal-fulfillment needs in close relationships. The first tension is a conflict of potential behaviors and arises between serving the relationship by meeting one's partner's needs versus serving the self by meeting one's/own needs (e.g., your versus my needs). The second tension is a conflict of potential identities and arises between needs to identify as embedded within the relationship versus a unique individual (e.g., relational versus individual me). Although much work has explored how individuals navigate the former, little research has examined the latter. The present research applied Optimal Distinctiveness Theory (ODT; Brewer, 1991), a theory of dynamic identity processes in groups, to examine how individuals balance individual versus relational identities. We predicted that, just as individuals negotiate their social identities within groups to satisfy both affiliation and distinctiveness needs, individuals in romantic relationships strive to balance similar needs at the dyadic level. We predicted that when individuals' needs for affiliation were satisfied, they would emphasize their individual identity over their relational identity. We also predicted that fluctuation in these perceptions reflects satisfaction of individual identity needs within the relationship and would not influence relationship quality. Four studies supported these hypotheses.
Hydrodechlorination of 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene in the liquid phase

Abstract The liquid-phase catalytic hydrodechlorination of 1,1-bis( p -chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene ( p , p ′-DDE) was studied using 10% Pd on activated carbon and 61% Ni on kieselguhr catalysts. Reactions were carried out at temperatures of 20–100 °C and hydrogen pressures from 1 to 50 atm. Ethanol was used as a solvent, and NaOH was used as an acid acceptor for the HCl by-product of the hydrodechlorination reactions. Both catalysts resulted in a complex network of reactions characterized by three paths: the removal of both olefinic chlorines followed by hydrogenation of the olefin, consecutive aromatic hydrodechlorination, and simultaneous occurrence of both of these paths. The steps involve as many as five molecules of hydrogen reacting without the observable desorption of intermediates. Selectivity analysis by the reaction path method was used to determine the relative rates of each kinetic step in the above network. Absolute rate data are also provided.
Effects of phosphorus and sulfur nutrition on soluble sugars and growth in Clitoria ternatea L.

Effects of P and S on growth and regrowth were assessed in a greenhouse trial in which Clitoria was grown through three cuttings on a deficient soil with a factorial combination of 4 levels of P and 3 levels of S. Phosphorus deficiency caused stunting, flowering delay, and a rusty appearance of leaflets. Sulfur deficiency caused stunting and chlorosis. With successive cuttings, P deficiency became less severe and S deficiency more severe. Nodulation observed at the end of the trial, was influenced more by S than by P. Maximal nodulation was achieved with the highest S level, at any of the highest three P levels. Root and stubble dry weight, and food reserves evaluated by etiolated regrowth and by soluble sugar in roots and stubble, responded positively to both P and S, and correlated with each other and with shoot growth preceding the final cutting. For maximal etiolated regrowth, the S requirement was higher than the P requirement.
Historical presidential betting markets

This paper analyzes the large and often well-organized markets for betting on U.S. presidential elections that operated between 1868 and 1940. Four main points are addressed. First, we show that the market did a remarkable job forecasting elections in an era before scientific polling. Second, the market was fairly efficient, despite the limited information of participants and active attempts to manipulate the odds. Third, we argue political betting markets disappeared largely because of the rise of scientific polls and the increasing availability of other forms of gambling. Finally, we discuss lessons this experience provides for the present.
Photoresist Removal Requirements for Advanced Wafer Level Packaging Technology

It has been several years since wafer level packaging (WLP) technology has emerged, enabling the packaging industry to successfully fabricate smaller, more reliable modules. The use of this technology is expected to continue to grow in the future. One current WLP trend is to replace high lead solder bumps with lead-free solder bumps. Two of the more promising lead-free bumps are Cu-pillars and bumps. The use of the Cu-pillar/bump approach continues to increase as fabricators drive to increase yields, create more I/O pins per wafer thus resulting in finer bump pitch. The use of liquid photoresist (PR) and/or dry film photoresist (DFR) has become the standard for fine bump pitch formation. The major challenges in using these resists are 1) the effective removal of the resist without residue or redeposit; and 2) the compatibility of the removal chemistry with under bump materials (UBM). This paper will discuss WLP market trends, the technical requirements associated with PR/DFR removal, and conclude with some experimental results of advanced PR/DFR removal.
English-Spanish Equivalence of the Health Literacy Assessment Using Talking Touchscreen Technology (Health LiTT)

Unbiased measurement instruments are needed to reliably estimate health literacy in diverse populations. The study aimed (a) to evaluate measurement equivalence of Health Literacy Assessment Using Talking Touchscreen Technology (Health LiTT) and (b) to compare Health LiTT scores between English- and Spanish-speaking individuals. Health LiTT and several patient-reported outcome instruments were completed by adult patients receiving care for type 2 diabetes at a safety net clinic. English-Spanish measurement equivalence was evaluated with an item response theory approach to differential item functioning (DIF) detection and impact. Health LiTT scores were compared by language using multivariable linear regression. Approximately equal numbers of English-speaking patients (n=146) and Spanish-speaking patients (n=149) with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. English participants were primarily non-Hispanic Black (65%); all Spanish participants were Hispanic. Six Health LiTT items were flagged for DIF. The Pearson correlation between unadjusted and DIF adjusted scores was 0.995; the mean difference of individual difference scores was 0.0005 (SD=0.0888). After adjusting for predisposing characteristics, enabling resources and need for care, Health LiTT scores were comparable for Spanish-speaking individuals versus English-speaking individuals. The effect of DIF items on Health LiTT scores appeared to be trivial. English-Spanish equivalence of Health LiTT will permit researchers to determine the independent effects of limited English proficiency and limited literacy.
Identifying danger and anxiety expectancies as components of common fears.

Abstract The hypothesis was that common fears can be analyzed into seperate factors for danger and anxiety expectancies. Six scales were constructed to measure danger and anxiety expectancies for the fears of flying, heights, and public speaking. The internal reliabilities of the scales were assessed in Study 1. The unreliable items were then deleted, and the revised scales were assessed in Study 2. The revised scales were found to have a satisfactory degree of internal consistency and test/retest reliability. For each fear, the items of the danger and anxiety expectancy scales were pooled and then submitted to a factor analysis. The danger and anxiety expectancy scales formed separate factors for each fear. The results were near-perfect; 51 of 53 items had factor loadings that were consistent with the distinction between danger and anxiety expectancies. It also was found that danger and anxiety expectancies are specific for each fear; that is, a person can have one fear that is danger-based and another that is anxiety-based. The findings have implications for understanding fears. Future research is suggested to test Reiss and McNally's (1985) hypothesis that desensitization might be more effective than credible placebo in the treatment of danger-based fear but that both desensitization and credible placebo are about equally effective in the treatment of anxiety-based fear.
Impressions of mental health service delivery systems in Finland, Poland, Soviet Russia and Czechoslovakia.

Resume L'article est base sur des observations et des experiences rendues possibles par une bourse accordee par l'O.M.S. afin d'etudier les services de sante mentale en Finlande, en Pologne, en U.R.S.S. et en Tchecoslovaquie. ∗ ∗Ces pays ont ete visites dans cet ordre du 18 aout au 3 octobre 1969.. Les remarques et impressions de l'auteur decoulent de ses observations personneles et sont influencees par les rapports qu'il a eus avec les personnes qui lui ont montre les establissements ou elles travaillaient et lui ont permis de participer a des travaux de groupe, a des seminaires, a des examens de patients et a des visites de pavillons. Tous les professionnels de la sante mentale, les profanes, les anciens patients et les patients rencontres, par l'auteur se sont montres ouverts et communicatifs, sans aucune exception. Ils ont pose des questions sur les services de sante aux Etats-Unis et n'ont pas cache leur etonnement quand l'auteur disait qu'il enviait certains aspects des services qu'il visitait, en particulier leur accessibilite sans discrimination de fortune. Les hopitaux, dispensaires, ateliers de revalidation et centres anti-alcooliques, tant anciens que recents ou modernises, de ces pays soutiennent aisement la comparaison avec les institutions americaines analogues, que l'auteur connait bien. Dans presque tous les etablissements, des plus anciens aux plus recents, regne une atmosphere de bon gout, qui reflete le souci de la dignite humaine dans l'adversite. Les therapies par' le travail, par la medication, par les relations humaines, par les beaux-arts et l'artisanat et par les loisirs sont bien developpees. En U.R.S.S. plus que dans les autres pays, les pressions et l'assistance exercees par des collectivites semblent etre un facteur therapeutique important. Trois des pays visites sont socialistes. Si la Finlande pratique un systeme de libre entreprise, son gouvernement a neanmoins favorise l'assurance-maladie. La comparaison des systemes de sante mentale des quatre pays en cause avec celui des Etats-Unis fait apparaitre de nettes differences: la planification, la formation et la distribution de personnel sont organisees centralement, sauf en Finlande; la pratique privee diminue en Pologne et en Tchecoslovaquie et est inexcistante en U.R.S.S. Les soins de prevention, de traitement et de revalidation sont gratuits. Les patients qui quittent les etablissments d'hospitalisation sont censes retourner dans leur famille et dans la collectivite des biens portants et fournir du travail productif. La fragmentation des services, generalisee aux Etats-Unis, semble etre inexistante dans les pays socialistes. La planification centralisee n'a pas etouffe l'experimentation et l'innovation et il y existe des possibilites d'approches therapeutiques variees et de recherche sur grande echelle.
A New Alliance between Religion and Labor? The 2002 Graphic Communications International Union–San Diego Union-Tribune Newspaper Contract Negotiation

Despite a largely successful, fifteen-year effort to get rid of its labor unions, in July 2002 the San Diego (California) Union-Tribune newspaper signed a contract with its pressroom workers that maintained the integrity of the Graphic Communications International Union as the legal bargaining agent. What was unusual was not simply that the company signed a contract after years of negotiations essentially designed to break the union, but that the contract was negotiated by a team of outsiders: three leaders of the San Diego religious community drawn from the executive board of the Interfaith Committee for Worker Justice, the Secretary-Treasurer of the San Diego–Imperial Counties Labor Council, and a prominent local businessman. The pressroom workers had dropped out of the negotiating and authorized these others to bargain on their behalf. With labor's decline in the USA, religion has become one of the few institutions with the legitimacy to raise social justice issues and employ a morality-based discourse...
Transitional Implants to Support a Mandibular Overdenture Inserted Over Immediate Implants With Guided Bone Regeneration

Introduction: Replacement of missing teeth with implants and implant-supported prostheses is commonplace today. Most implants require a healing period before loading, delaying prosthetic treatment. Transitional implants (TIs) can support prostheses during the healing period, especially after immediate implant and overdenture placement with concomitant bone grafting procedures. TIs can provide immediate tooth replacement while preventing immediate implant and bone graft overloading.Case Presentation: A 53-year-old male was referred to the Graduate Periodontics Clinic at the University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, for extraction of his mandibular teeth and placement of dental implants to retain an overdenture. Clinical examination revealed the presence of a complete maxillary denture and generalized severe attachment and bone loss in the mandibular arch. Class I mobility and extensive carious lesions were present on all teeth along with prominent root eminences and a thin biotype. Radiographic exami...
β-Thiopropionyl cytochromes c modified at lysyl residues: preparation and characterization of the monosubstituted horse cytochromes c

beta-Thiopropionyl derivatives of horse cytochrome c singly modified at each of 18 different lysine epsilon-amino groups have been prepared using sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(biotinamido)ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate and purified to homogeneity by high-pressure liquid chromatography. These derivatives were characterized by determination of: (i) the location of the modification; (ii) reduction potentials; (iii) visible and NMR spectra: and by (iv) measurement of electron transfer activity with cytochrome-c oxidase. No significant changes in structure were indicated, except for the ferric forms of the derivatives modified at lysines 72, 73, and 79 which are discussed separately. The electron transfer activity of the beta-thiopropionyl cytochromes c with bovine heart cytochrome-c oxidase was decreased to extents dependent on the position of the modification. Aminoethylation, a secondary modification which reverses the charge change, restored the electron transfer rate to that observed with the unmodified cytochrome c, irrespective of the location of the primary modification. These results afford a direct experimental demonstration that alterations in kinetics with physiological electron transfer partners resulting from modifications which cause a change of the charge of surface side chains are solely due to the electrostatic effects. Of the many chemically modified cytochromes c prepared to date, the singly substituted beta-thiopropionyl cytochromes c are likely to be particularly useful as the thiol allows covalent linkage of any sulfhydryl-reactive reagent to a well-defined location on the protein surface by a simple procedure, even when the secondary modifier is relatively unstable, a crucial advantage not otherwise readily achieved.
Conservative management of a 20-week cervical ectopic pregnancy with placenta percreta

Cervical pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy representing less than 1 % of all ectopic pregnancies. The implantation occurs in the cervical stroma below the level of the internal os. Failure to diagnose early, with continued progression of cervical ectopic pregnancy is associated with unpredictable occurrence of uncontrollable hemorrhage [1]. Early diagnosis is essential as it allows treatment with minimal intervention and reduction in overall morbidity and mortality. Different approaches have been described for conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy aimed at preserving future fertility. These include systemic or local methotrexate injection with intra-amniotic needle aspiration of fluid, local potassium chloride injection, dilatation and curettage, amputation of the cervix or partial trachelectomy [2]. Interventions employed in conservative management to decrease hemorrhage are intra-cervical tamponade with a Foley catheter, angiographic uterine artery occlusion, internal iliac artery ligation and cervical cerclage. However, there is still the potential for conservative management to fail and result in severe hemorrhage warranting surgical management such as definitive hysterectomy. Due to the rarity of cervical ectopic pregnancies and advanced cervical ectopic pregnancies historically being managed surgically, there is a lack of information in the literature on conservative management of advanced cervical ectopic pregnancies. At our institution, we successfully managed conservatively a second trimester cervical ectopic pregnancy at 15 weeks gestation [3]. We describe in this case report our experience on conservative management of a cervical ectopic pregnancy at 20 weeks gestation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a 20-week cervical ectopic pregnancy successfully managed conservatively followed by a subsequent live term uncomplicated delivery.
Single Jet-Induced Effects on Small-Scale Hover Data in Ground Effect

Many hover tests performed in the past on similar, relatively simple configurations produced significantly different results concerning jet-induced lift in ground effect. This report presents an investigation performed at NASA Ames Research Center to clarify the reasons for these differences. The test parameters investigated are the effects of the gap size between the model and a single nozzle, the shape of the outer edge of the model, the jet impingement angle to the ground, the size of the ground plane relative to the model, and the effect of large surfaces, other than the ground plane, close to the model. Although no single parameter explains the differences between previous data sets, it has become evident that certain parameters are important when testing small-scale hover models. Results indicate that the size of the ground plane needs to be only as large as the model. However, gap size, edge shape, and test-chamber size are parameters that had a measurable effect on negative jet-induced lift forces and therefore must be chosen and documented appropriately. Other observations and recommendations are made concerning the testing of small-scale hover models.