cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enabling seamless mobility: an enablers, experiences and tools perspective

Seamless mobility entails providing consumers an enhanced experience -- with reduced effort -- as they move between different devices and environments. Because of the increasing diversity of user preferences, device capabilities and environmental conditions, engineering efficient and usable seamless mobility solutions can be quite challenge. This talk will present an applications research perspective on realizing seamless mobility, focusing on ongoing research in developing enablers for mobile gaming, device-to-device interactions, sensing, advertising and cross-device context sharing. Understanding the device limitations as well as the user expectations of the technology is critical to developing seamless mobility solutions that are both useful and commercially viable. From the tools and development perspective, we see opportunities and challenges in the four phases of realization -- design & development, deployment, usage and evolution. This talk will conclude with a look at existing support for tools and enablers for seamless mobility, and a discussion on future research directions for the developer community.
cDNA cloning, chromosomal localization, and expression analysis of human BEHAB/brevican, a brain specific proteoglycan regulated during cortical development and in glioma.

Abstract BEHAB (Brain Enriched HyAluronan Binding)/brevican, a brain-specific member of the lectican family of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), may play a role in both brain development and human glioma. BEHAB/brevican has been cloned from bovine, mouse and rat. Two isoforms have been reported: a full-length isoform that is secreted into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and a shorter isoform with a sequence that predicts a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Here, we report the characterization of BEHAB/brevican isoforms in human brain. First, BEHAB/brevican maps to human chromosome 1q31. Second, we report the sequence of both isoforms of human BEHAB/brevican. The deduced protein sequence of full-length, secreted human BEHAB/brevican is 89.7, 83.3 and 83.2% identical to bovine, mouse and rat homologues, respectively. Third, by RNase protection analysis (RPA) we show the developmental regulation of BEHAB/brevican isoforms in normal human cortex. The secreted isoform is highly expressed from birth through 8 years of age and is downregulated by 20 years of age to low levels that are maintained in the normal adult cortex. The GPI isoform is expressed at uniformly low levels throughout development. Fourth, we confirm and extend previous studies from our laboratory, here demonstrating the upregulation of BEHAB/brevican mRNA in human glioma quantitatively. RPA analysis shows that both isoforms are upregulated in glioma, showing an approximately sevenfold increase in expression over normal levels. In contrast to the developmental regulation of BEHAB/brevican, where only the secreted isoform is regulated, both isoforms are increased in parallel in human glioma. The distinct patterns of regulation of expression of the two isoforms suggest distinct mechanisms of regulation of BEHAB/brevican during development and in glioma.
The Destruction of the Armenian Church during the Genocide

The scholarship on the Armenian Genocide has expanded enormously during the past three decades. Most of these works have focused on the causes and consequences of the genocide, Western responses to and Turkish denial of the genocide, and, more recently, Armenian-Turkish reconciliation. The role of the Armenian Apostolic Church, however, has received little attention in the literature. In addition to its ecclesiastical duties, the Armenian Church has over the centuries performed various secular functions, including, in the Ottoman Empire, acting as the principal representative agency for the Armenian millet. This article briefly examines the responses of the Armenian Patriarchate in Constantinople to the internationalization of the Armenian Question and then focuses on the three ecclesiastical leaders who played a central role in attempts to address the crises enveloping the Armenian people during World War I: Patriarch Zaven Der Yeghiayan of the Armenian Patriarchate in Constantinople, Catholicos Sahag II...
The audio notebook: paper and pen interaction with structured speech

This paper addresses the problem that a listener experiences when attempting to capture information presented during a lecture, meeting, or interview. Listeners must divide their attention between the talker and their notetaking activity. We propose a new device-the Audio Notebook-for taking notes and interacting with a speech recording. The Audio Notebook is a combination of a digital audio recorder and paper notebook, all in one device. Audio recordings are structured using two techniques: user structuring based on notetaking activity, and acoustic structuring based on a talker's changes in pitch, pausing, and energy. A field study showed that the interaction techniques enabled a range of usage styles, from detailed review to high speed skimming. The study motivated the addition of phrase detection and topic suggestions to improve access to the audio recordings. Through these audio interaction techniques, the Audio Notebook defines a new approach for navigation in the audio domain.
The hypothalamus and blood glucose regulation

Complex neural circuits exist in the hypothalamus for the control of metabolic hormones, enzyme activities, and substrate flux that appear to be involved with the normal adaptation to feeding and subsequent blood sugar regulation. Abnormalities within this system have been found in experimental obesity and in human diabetes, and such maladaptive changes are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of both disorders. The present report is an attempt to present a coherent picture of the manifold factors which may be involved in the homeostatic regulation of blood glucose levels by the hypothalamus. A wide variety of evidence is touched upon here to show that this part of the ancient vertebrate forebrain mediates a neural glucoregulatory mechanism involving the endocrine pancreas, the liver, and the adrenal medulla.
Pulsed terahertz spectrometry of excised breast cancer tissue

Summary form only given. This research involves the use of a terahertz imaging and spectroscopy system to conduct spectrometry on excised breast tissue. Breast cancer lumpectomy is the process of removing a malignant tumor from breast tissue. During the procedure, a portion of the surrounding tissue, known as the margins, is also removed. The margin tissue undergoes examination by a pathologist in order to determine whether there are any cancerous cells remaining in the healthy tissue. Should any additional cancerous tissue be found in the margin, it is considered a positive margin and an additional surgery is required to remove the remaining cancerous tissue. Previous research has shown that the electrical properties of healthy and cancerous tissue from the breast are distinctly different under terahertz frequency illumination, as reported in (P. C. Ashworth, E. Pickwell-MacPherson, E. Provenzano, S. E. Pinder, A. D. Purushotham, M. Pepper, V. P. Wallace, Optics Express, vol. 17, no. 15, July 2009). These results were obtained up to 2 THz. This research will utilize a pulsed terahertz system at the University of Arkansas in order to examine the electrical properties of excised tissue samples. The system is capable of producing radiation in the 0.06 - 4THz spectral range for the applications of terahertz spectroscopy and imaging. Three types of excised breast tissue will be examined using the terahertz spectrometer: fresh, frozen and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE). The freshly excised tissue will be obtained from the medical breast surgeon collaborator at the University of Arkansas of Medical Sciences, while the other two types will be obtained from tissue banks (e.g. BioServe Company). The selected tissue types have different percentage of water content, therefore the real and imaginary part of their permittivity are expected to differ significantly. The goal of this work is to examine these three types at various regions of tissue ranging from the middle to the margins of the sample. A comparison of the electrical properties of the three types will be conducted across the available frequency range. The outcomes of this research will enable more accurate modeling of the interaction of terahertz waves with breast tissue and hence will lead to better understanding of the terahertz technology in imaging breast tumor margins.
Using page residency to balance tradeoffs in tracing garbage collection

We introduce an extension of mostly copying collection that uses page residency to determine when to relocate objects. Our collector promotes pages with high residency in place, avoiding unnecessary work and wasted space. It predicts the residency of each page, but when its predictions prove to be inaccurate, our collector reclaims unoccupied space by using it to satisfy allocation requests.Using residency allows our collector to dynamically balance the tradeoffs of copying and non-copying collection. Our technique requires less space than a pure copying collector and supports object pinning without otherwise sacrificing the ability to relocate objects.Unlike other hybrids, our collector does not depend on application-specific configuration and can quickly respond to changing application behavior. Our measurements show that our hybrid performs well under a variety of conditions; it prefers copying collection when there is ample heap space but falls back on non-copying collection when space becomes limited.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THREE COMMERCIAL PEANUT VARIETIES

Three commercial varieties (Comet, Florigiant, and Florunner) of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were grown in the three production areas in the U.S. for two crop years and kernels were analyzed for amino acid composition. The data were statistically analyzed and tabulated along with variety, location, year, and grand means. The grand means (g/100g of peanuts) were: aspartic acid, 3.46; threonine, 0.71; serine, 1.40; glutamic acid, 6.40; proline, 1.22; glycine, 1.79; alanine, 1.11; cystine, 0.22; valine, 1.15; methionine, 0.23; isoleucine, 1.01; leucine, 1.95; tyrosine, 1.30; phenylalanine, 1.45; histidine, 0.79; lysine, 1.02; ammonia, 0.50; arginine, 3.48; and sum, 29.21. The location effect was significant for all amino acids, accounting for 20–25% of the total variability. The variety effect (except for methionine, lysine, ammonia, and arginine) was also significant and contributed between 15–20% of the total variability measured. The year effect was found to be only a small portion of the total variability.
Introduction to the Global Review of Federalism

Federal principles have become prominent around the world in recent decades as traditional statist models of political organization have been challenged by globalizing and localizing forces and questioned by advocates for democracy and freedom. Federal arrangements within and between nations and other political communities have been established or proposed on every continent, whether they be confederal arrangements, classic federal polities, or other federal-like systems that reserve or grant autonomy to their constituent governments and communities. At the same time, the world's historic federations continue to function dynamically and to adapt to new, world realities. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
A physical map of caprine arthritis-encephalitis provirus

Terminally redundant linear proviral DNA of approximately 9.5 kb was the major unintegrated species recovered in the Hirt supernatant fraction of caprine synovial membrane cells infected with strain 75-G63 caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. A physical map based on the cleavage sites of 13 restriction endonucleases was deduced for this proviral DNA.
Examination of the 1,4-disubstituted azetidinone ring system as a template for combretastatin A-4 conformationally restricted analogue design

Abstract A series of novel 1,4-diaryl-2-azetidinones was prepared by stereospecific Staudinger reaction as conformationally restricted analogues of combretastatin A-4 because molecular modeling studies suggested close geometric similarities. They were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a number of human tumor and normal cell lines. Strong potencies were observed, with the best compounds exhibiting IC 50 's of 25–74 nM against human neuroblastoma IMR 32 cell growth and a variety of other cell lines. Compounds inhibited tubulin polymerization with potencies commensurate with their cytotoxic activity and a more soluble anilino-containing analogue was very effective in inhibiting the growth of AR42J rat pancreatic tumors transplanted into in nude mice. Further studies on this interesting group of compounds as anti-cancer agents appear warranted.
A novel alternatively spliced isoform of the mu-opioid receptor: functional antagonism

Background Opioids are the most widely used analgesics for the treatment of clinical pain. They produce their therapeutic effects by binding to μ-opioid receptors (MORs), which are 7 transmembrane domain (7TM) G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and inhibiting cellular activity. However, the analgesic efficacy of opioids is compromised by side-effects such as analgesic tolerance, dependence and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). In contrast to opioid analgesia these side effects are associated with cellular excitation. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain these phenomena, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance and OIH remain poorly understood.
Performance of finite field arithmetic in an elliptic curve cryptosystem

The computational cost of encryption is a barrier to wider application of a variety of data security protocols. Virtually all research on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) provides evidence to suggest that ECC can provide a family of encryption algorithms that require fewer computational resources for implementation than do current widely used methods. This efficiency is obtained since ECC allows much shorter key lengths for equivalent levels of security. This paper suggests how improvements in execution of ECC algorithms can be obtained by changing the representation of the elements of the finite field of the ECC algorithm. Specifically, this research compares the time complexity of ECC computation over a variety of finite fields with elements expressed in the polynomial basis (PB) and normal basis (NB). Results presented here suggest that NB representations reduce the average aggregate time to perform basic ECC operations by a factor of 40 compared to the time required for operations in PB representation. A comparison of execution times for ECC and discrete log implementations of the ElGamal protocol is also presented.
Of Pirates and Terrorists: What Experience and History Teach

In many important ways the activities of pirates menacing the world historically are analogous to those of international terrorists menacing the world today. This essay examines the history of piracy as it has occurred and recurred from ancient times to the present day. Emphasis is on conditions conducive to piracy's flourishing and strategies and tactics called upon to suppress it. Attention is also directed to the pirates themselves, particularly the pirate captains who again in many ways can be compared to terrorist chieftains active today. Piracy flourished when pirates were able to find safe havens, when laws against it were not enforced, when international cooperation floundered and when counter measures were reactive rather than proactive. Piracy was suppressed when governments were willing to muster the force necessary to physically eliminate the pirates, their abettors and their sanctuaries. In all of this there are important lessons for combating present-day international terrorism.
A Coupled Viscoelasticity/Damage Model with Application to Swirl-Mat Composites

A comprehensive thermodynamics framework is proposed for modeling the continuum damage behavior of viscoelastic materials. The thermodynamic framework is formulated in a general form that accounts for the possibility of a permanent deformation component in the behavior. Therefore, the total strain is decomposed into viscoelastic and permanent components. The effect of damage on the constitutive behavior is introduced through direct coupling between damage and the internal state variables representing deformation of the undamaged (virgin) material. This approach accounts for time-dependent damage as well as damage-induced changes in material symmetry. The proposed viscoelastic constitutive model is formulated for the case of damage coupled with linear viscoelasticity and is applied to experimental data for swirl-mat polymeric composites.
The PPACA Versus Defined Contribution Approaches to Health Care Financing: A Clash of Visions About the Aged

American culture and public policy have long held a split vision about the aged: vulnerability, dependency, and special need for law and policy to act as a protective shield versus the aged as independent, self-reliant, and capable of choice, with law acting as a source of individual empowerment. In terms of health care financing, the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) clearly leans toward protecting older persons from risk, rather than empowering them to act autonomously. This article compares the PPACA vision of elder vulnerability to alternative policy proposals for financing health care for the aged that are built on a vision of elder abilities and capacity for self-determination. The author advocates for the latter social vision and associated health care financing policy alternatives, arguing that a rebuttable presumption of elder capacity that recognizes and provides for individual variations better serves important societal values than does the PPACA’s categorical conclusion that the aged as a population are unable to fend for themselves.
Automatic target detection using multispectral imaging

We propose using multispectral imaging for on-the-fly target detection and classification instead of hyperspectral imaging. We initially pose the target detection problem as a classification problem with classes identified as target and clutter. The classification data consists of multispectral observations of the region of interest, focusing on visual and infrared wavelengths. We then solve this classification problem using nearest neighbor rule, support vector machines, and maximum likelihood classification. Simulation results on real data indicate that information from a multispectral sensor can offer better performance than both single band and hyperspectral sensors, also showing that costly hyperspectral analysis performance can be attained onboard a small airborne platform such as a smart missile using cost-effective multispectral sensors.
Therapeutic Delivery of mRNA: The Medium Is the Message

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has several advantages over DNA for gene transfer and expression, including the lack of any requirement for nuclear localization or transcription and the nearly negligible possibility of genomic integration of the delivered sequence. However, the labile nature of mRNA and its capacity to elicit innate immune responses are important limitations to its in vivo application. Now, an article by Kormann et al.1 published in Nature Biotechnology addresses these drawbacks and provides new hope for the potential use of mRNA as a source of therapeutic gene product in vivo.
Cytokinesis by furrowing in diatoms

We have found that nocodazole reversibly inhibits nuclear migration and can be used to induce karyokinesis before the completion of nuclear migration, resulting in spindles that are displaced toward the hypothecal end of the cell. Surprisingly, displacement of mitotic nuclei results in complete spatial uncoupling of karyokinesis from cytokinesis. Nocodazole-induced displacement of mitotic nuclei will neither alter the position of the original furrow nor induce additional furrows. This demonstrates that in S. turris the location of the presumptive cleavage furrow is not determined by the position of the spindle but is cortically determined before mitosis. Therefore, although cell division in S. turris resembles certain mechanochemical aspects of cleavage in animal cells, our evidence suggests that the spatial regulation of the cytokinetic apparatus relies on a mechanism of cortical determination that is characteristic of plant cells.
A Contribution Towards Solving the Web Workload Puzzle

World Wide Web, the biggest distributed system ever built, experiences tremendous growth and change in Web sites, users, and technology. A realistic and accurate characterization of Web workload is the first, fundamental step in areas such as performance analysis and prediction, capacity planning, and admission control. Compared to the previous work, in this paper we present more detailed and rigorous statistical analysis of both request and session level characteristics of Web workload based on empirical data extracted from actual logs of four Web servers. Our analysis is focused on exploring phenomena such as self-similarity, long-range dependence, and heavy-tailed distributions. Identification of these phenomena in real data is a challenging task since the existing methods may perform erratically in practice and produce misleading results. We provide more accurate analysis of long-range dependence of the request and session arrival processes by removing the trend and periodicity. In addition to the session arrival process (i.e., inter-session characteristics), we study several intra-session characteristics using several different methods to test the existence of heavy-tailed behavior and cross validate the results. Finally, we point out specific problems associated with the methods used for establishing long-range dependence and heavy-tailed behavior of Web workloads. We believe that the comprehensive model presented in this paper is a step towards solving the Web workload puzzle.
Factors associated with HIV/AIDS sexual risk among young women aged 15-24 years in Nigeria

The growing rate of sexual risk-taking among young people contributes significantly to the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Nigeria. This study, explores the influence of socio-demographic, HIV/AIDS awareness and female empowerment on the sexual risk behaviors of unmarried Nigerian women aged 15-24. The data presented in this paper was drawn from the 2003 Nigeria National Demographic and Health Survey. The sample consisted of unmarried women aged 15-24 in the dataset. Data was collected through a structured and interviewer administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the most important predictors of sexual risk behaviors. Sexual risk-taking is relatively high among unmarried young women. Among those who are sexually active, 80% indicated that they did not use a condom during their first sexual encounter. Regression analysis revealed that younger age, lower HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission knowledge, lower knowledge of where to obtain condoms, lower material standard of living and greater intimate partner violence were significantly associated with sexual risk-taking in this population. Findings revealed that the sexual behavior of unmarried Nigerian women aged 15-24 is influenced by a complex matrix of factors. Identifying specific processes and contexts that promote the concentration of risk among sub-sections of young unmarried women aged 15-24 years in Nigeria should be a research and intervention priority.
A new mass screening test for color-vision deficiencies in children

Five thousand one hundred and twenty-nine Wis- consin children, ages 4 -12 years, were tested for color- vision deficiencies using a newly devised, precisely cali- brated paper-and-pencil test. The disposable 1-page test consisted of 1 demonstration and 8 test panels. Thousands of copies of the test were produced, and they were distrib- uted and administered in classrooms by teachers. Children wrote directly on the test and were allowed to trace over the symbols with a pencil or crayon, if they had difficulty. Performance on the paper-and-pencil color vision test was compared with that on conventional tests of color vision including Ishihara's tests, the American Optical-Hardy Rand and Rittler (AO-HRR) plate test, and the APT-5 Color Vision Tester. Older children were also tested on the Nagel Anomaloscope. All the children who were classified as having a color vision deficiency by the paper-and-pencil test also failed one or more of the conventional tests. Likewise, among children who passed the paper-and-pencil test, none were classified as having a color-vision defect from the results on the conventional tests. In the sample of all males, 7.5% were classified as having a color-vision deficiency, which is consistent with what has been observed previously in large population studies. Children who were classified as having color vision deficiencies were examined further us- ing a new minimalist genetic test that was shown to be accurate and reliable. Genetic material derived from buccal swabs was used to determine the type of deficiency, protan vs. deutan, and to provide added information about severity. Among the subjects for whom type could be determined, 27% were protans, consistent with large population studies in which approximately 25% of red-green deficiencies have been found to be of the protan type. Classification of the severity of the deficiencies determined from the paper-and- pencil test plus minimal genetics were in good agreement with classification based on a battery of conventional tests. In conclusion, we found the methods used here to be rapid, efficient, and reliable for testing color vision in children.
A demonstrably consistent mathematics—Part I

This paper continues the exposition of a demonstrably consistent foundation for mathematics begun in An extension of basic logic (hereafter referred to as EBL) and in The Heine-Borel theorem in extended basic logic (hereafter referred to as HB). Still earlier papers related to these are A basic logic (referred to as BL) and Representations of calculi (referred to as RC). The main conventions and results of all the above papers will be presupposed in what follows. The numbering of sections and paragraphs will be a continuation of that of EBL and HB.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Signals Opposing Transforming Growth Factor β in Mesangial Cells

Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) is expressed in adult kidney and reduces renal fibrogenesis when given exogenously to rodents with experimental chronic nephropathies. In mesangial cells that regulate glomerular fibrosis in vivo, BMP7 inhibits transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-driven fibrogenesis, primarily by preventing the TGF-β-dependent down-regulation of matrix degradation and up-regulation of PAI-1. The signals and mechanisms of the BMP7 opposition to actions of TGF-β are unknown. Here we show in mesangial cells that BMP7 reduces nuclear accumulation of Smad3 and blocks the transcriptional up-regulation of the TGF-β/Smad3 target, CAGA-lux. Smad5 knock-down impairs the ability of BMP7 to interfere with the activation of CAGA-lux and the accumulation of PAI-1 by TGF-β indicating that Smad5 is required. Smad5 knock-down also reduces the rise in Smad6 upon BMP7. Forced expression of smad5 (found to be the preferred BMP7-induced receptor-activated Smad signal in mesangial cells) or of smad6 mimics BMP7 in opposing the increase in transcriptional activation of PAI-1 and its secretion upon TGF-β. This suggests a model for the BMP7-induced opposition to TGF-β-dependent mesangial fibrogenesis requiring Smad5; the model involves the inhibitory Smad6 downstream of Smad5 as well as reduced availability of Smad3 in the nucleus. BMP7 does not require signaling through Erk1/2, p38, or JNK and does not utilize the TGF-β transcriptional co-repressors Ski or SnoN in mesangial cells. These studies provide first insights into mechanisms through which BMP7 opposes TGF-β-induced glomerular fibrogenesis.
Accuracy and Efficiency of Estimating Nutrient Values in Commercial Food Products Using Mathematical Optimization

Software that estimates nutrient values in commercial food products using the mathematical optimization techniques of linear programming and quadratic programming was developed. Dietary fiber and linoleic acid values were estimated for 31 food products for which an analytical value for one or both of these nutrients was available. Estimations were performed by three different nutritionists using three different methods—an existing trial-and-error method, the linear programming method, and the quadratic programming method. Estimation accuracy was determined by comparing the estimated nutrient amounts to the known nutrient amounts. When estimation error was expressed in grams per 100 g of product, the trial-and-error method was observed to be less accurate than optimization methods at estimating dietary fiber (P = 0.03). No statistically significant difference in accuracy was found between methods for dietary fiber expressed as percent error, or for linoleic acid when expressed per 100 g of product or as percentage error. The time required to complete ingredient amount estimations using optimization methods was significantly less than the time required for the trial-and-error method (P < 0.0001). Mathematical optimization increases the efficiency of estimating nutrient values and appears to be comparable in accuracy to existing methods for estimating nutrient values, though better methods for expressing nutrient estimation errors are needed to obtain more definitive conclusions.
Rab2 GTPase Regulates Vesicle Trafficking between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Bodies and Is Important to Pollen Tube Growth

Pollen tube elongation depends on the secretion of large amounts of membrane and cell wall materials at the pollen tube tip to sustain rapid growth. A large family of RAS-related small GTPases, Rabs or Ypts, is known to regulate both anterograde and retrograde trafficking of transport vesicles between different endomembrane compartments and the plasma membrane in mammalian and yeast cells. Studies on the functional roles of analogous plant proteins are emerging. We report here that a tobacco pollen-predominant Rab2, NtRab2, functions in the secretory pathway between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi in elongating pollen tubes. Green fluorescent protein–NtRab2 fusion protein localized to the Golgi bodies in elongating pollen tubes. Dominant-negative mutations in NtRab2 proteins inhibited their Golgi localization, blocked the delivery of Golgi-resident as well as plasmalemma and secreted proteins to their normal locations, and inhibited pollen tube growth. On the other hand, when green fluorescent protein–NtRab2 was over-expressed in transiently transformed leaf protoplasts and epidermal cells, in which NtRab2 mRNA have not been observed to accumulate to detectable levels, these proteins did not target efficiently to Golgi bodies. Together, these observations indicate that NtRab2 is important for trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi bodies in pollen tubes and may be specialized to optimally support the high secretory demands in these tip growth cells.
Herbivore Optimization by North American Elk: Consequences for Theory and Management

Abstract Understanding herbivore optimization has implications for theories underpinning ecosystem processes, management of large herbivores, and the landscapes they inhabit. We designed an experiment to examine interactions related to density dependence of North American elk (Cervus elaphus) and resulting plant responses to herbivory in the Blue Mountains of Oregon, USA, from 1999 to 2001. We experimentally created high (20.1 elk/km2) and low (4.1 elk/km2) population densities of elk and built exclosures to examine effects of herbivory on productivity and species composition of plants. We hypothesized that if herbivore optimization occurred with increasing density of elk, there should be a concordant increase in plant production, followed by a decline in productivity as grazing intensity continued to increase (i.e., herbivore optimization). Net aboveground primary productivity (NAPP) increased from no herbivory to herbivory by elk at moderate density and then declined as herbivory by elk continued to inc...
Biotic Recovery from the End-Permian Mass Extinction: Behavior of the Inarticulate Brachiopod Lingula as a Disaster Taxon

Abstract Disaster taxa are long-ranging opportunistic generalists that briefly proliferate in the aftermath of mass extinctions, invading vacant ecospace until forced to return to more marginal settings through competition with specialist taxa returning from refugia. Lowermost Triassic (Griesbachian) strata worldwide have been noted for a brief ‘proliferation of Lingula’, a classic ‘living fossil’, which through its long fossil record typically has occurred in shoreface and dysoxic settings. The abundance of Lingula relative to other taxa in the Griesbachian Dinwoody Formation of southwestern Montana and western Wyoming (USA) has been quantified and the results placed into a paleoenvironmental context. Lingula dominates the fossil assemblage in the Dinwoody Formation across several facies deposited on an oxygenated, storm-dominated, mixed carbonate/siliciclastic shelf. A study of preservational state and quality further indicates that these results are not due to taphonomic bias. Lingula, therefore, behav...
Petrodessus conatus sp. n., a new genus and species of Bidessini from hygropetric habitats in tropical Australia (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae)

Petrodessus conatus sp. n., new genus and species, is described from hygropetric habitats in northeastern Australia. Thegenus is similar to Uvarus Guignot, 1939 or Microdessus Young, 1967 in lacking a transverse occipital line, a transversecarina on elytral epipleuron at the humeral angle and having both basal elytral and pronotal striae. The genus differs fromthese in having the anterior margin of the clypeus distinctly modified, flattened and anteriorly produced. This characterstate is somewhat more like that in Clypeodytes Regimbart, 1894, Leiodytes Guignot, 1936, Neoclypeodytes Young, 1967,but Petrodessus n. gen. differs from these in lacking a transverse occipital line and having the basal elytral and pronotal striae distinctly and strongly impressed. This is the first hygropetric diving beetle described from Australia.
HOD2MLC: Hybrid Ontology Design and Development Model with Lifecycle

Ontologies have gained increasing usage to augment an application with domain knowledge, particularly in healthcare, where they represent knowledge ranging from: bioinformatics data such as protein, gene, etc. to biomedical informatics such as diseases, diagnosis, symptoms, etc. However, the current ontology development efforts and process are data intensive and construction based, creating ontologies for specific applications/requirements, rather than designing an abstract ontological solutions that can be reusable across the domain using a well-defined design process. To address this deficiency, the work presented herein positions ontologies as software engineering artifact that allows them to be placed into the position to share the captured domain conceptualization and its vocabulary involving disparate domain backgrounds, that can then be created, imported, exported and re-used using different frameworks, tools and techniques. Towards this end, the authors propose an agile software process for ontologies referred to as the Hybrid Ontology Design & Development Model with Lifecycle,HOD2MLC. To place HOD2MLC into a proper perspective, they explore, compare, and contrast it to existing ontology design and development alternatives with respect their various phases as related to the authors' work and phases in varied SDP models.
On the conditions of guaranteed k-fault tolerant systems supporting on-the-fly repairs

This paper presents the necessary and sufficient conditions for a system with n functioning Processing Elements (PE's), κ spare PE's, to be k-fault tolerant (κ-FT). A repair is carried out by a "replacement chain" of PE's, starting with a spare, each taking over the task of the next one, to eventually reaching a faulty PE. In this paper, a Task-PE relationship model is proposed, based on which a "replacement chain algebra" can be formulated. This makes it possible to calculate precisely how a repair will affect all the other potential repairs in the future, and to determine whether the system remains repairable for subsequent faults. In the end, two equivalent conditions (both necessary and suficient) are presented and proven in this paper to make a system guaranteed k-FT, supporting on-the-fly repair after every fault occurrence.
Characterization of Electrode-Electrolyte Interface Strengths in SOFCs

Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are composed of multiple layers of dissimilar materials. Interfaces between the different components that make up an SOFC play an important role in the performance and robustness of the cells and stacks. The present study involves the characterization of electrode-electrolyte interfaces in solid SOFCs. Stud-pull test fixture was constructed and mounted on a servo-electric load frame to examine the anode-electrolyte interface. The stud-pull specimens were made of NiO-GDC/Ni-YSZ anodes and ScSZ electrodes and were reduced in either forming gas (5% H2) or H2 fuel. The test was not successful in separating anode from the electrolyte consistently and was inconclusive due to infiltration of glue into the porous anode which changed the interfacial strength significantly. In the Next step the notched four-point bend experiment was utilized to determine the fracture energy at the interface between the anode and the electrolyte. Crack propagation was monitored with acoustic emission and videography. Specimens for the bend experiments consist of unreduced NiO-GDC/Ni-YSZ anode and ScSZ electrolyte bi-layers sandwiched between steel stiffeners. The microstructure was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Ostracodes in Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, eastern Great Basin, North America

Ostracode faunas changed in Lake Bonneville as the lake rose in the closed basin and became more dilute, then overflowed, and eventually returned to closed-basin hydrology; alkalinity (carbonate + bicarbonate) increased throughout the lake history. Fossil-ostracode faunas in marl deposited in the lake between about 30 and 13 cal ka allow reconstruction of these geochemical changes (as shown by R. M. Forester), and permit stratigraphic correlations within the large lake basin, including into the Sevier subbasin, which was connected to the main body of the lake but had different inflowing rivers. The first ostracode to appear in Lake Bonneville deposits at low altitudes is Limnocythere staplini; it was replaced by L. ceriotuberosa as the lake got larger and the water became more dilute and alkaline. Candona adunca and several species of Fabaeformiscandona mark the freshest-water phases. Cytherissa lacustris appeared in lake-margin settings after lake level dropped and cold, fresh groundwater began to discharge into the lake. Candona sp. cf. eriensis lived in the Sevier subbasin during the transgressive phase of the lake, but did not appear in the main body until late in the regressive phase. Limnocythere sappaensis, which requires high alkalinity, showed up late in the regressive phase in the main body when lake level was very low.
Assessment of tumor suppressor gene methylation for breast cancer risk screening

1004 Background: Tumor suppressor gene (TSG) methylation is frequently detected in benign proliferative breast tissue suggesting that it occurs early in breast carcinogenesis. If it can be screen-d...
Effectiveness in Primary Healthcare in Peru

Healthcare in the community of Las Moras in Huanuco, Peru, consisted of a poorly equipped one-room health post staffed by an auxiliary nurse and visited by few patients. Then in 1994 the primary healthcare facility in Las Moras and about 250 others throughout the country were incorporated into a new government-community partnership for the delivery, management, financing, and monitoring of primary healthcare services, called the Shared Administration Program. The program formed committees of locally elected community members, called “Comunidades Locales de Administracion de Salud” (CLAS), into private non-profit associations to collaboratively manage government funds for primary healthcare services. This gave communities not just a voice in priority-setting and oversight, but also direct control over public funds for expenditures on infrastructure, equipment, and human resources. Since the inception of CLAS, Future Generations, a private non-profit organization, has worked with the government, civil society, and local communities to design the CLAS system and build the capacity of communities to thrive within the CLAS framework.
Making meaningful improvements to direct care worker training through informed policy: Understanding how care setting structure and culture matter

Well-intentioned policy governing the training of direct care workers (DCWs) who serve older persons, in practice, may become merely a compliance issue for organizations rather than a meaningful way to improve quality of care. This study investigates the relationships between best practices in DCW training and the structure and culture of long term support service (LTSS) organizations. Using a mixed-methods approach to analyzing data from 328 licensed LTSS organizations in Pennsylvania, the findings suggest that public policy should address methods of training, not just content, and consider organizational variations in size, training evaluation practices, DCW integration, and DCW input into care planning. Effective training also incorporates support for organizations and supervisors as key aspects of DCWs’ learning and working environment.
Lysosomes relax in the cellular suburbs

Lysosomes support cellular homeostasis by degrading macromolecules and recycling nutrients. In this issue, Johnson et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201507112) reveal a heterogeneity in lysosomal pH and degradative ability that correlates with lysosome subcellular localization, raising questions about the functional implications and mechanisms underlying these observations.
The coordinated control strategies of a DC grid with energy storage system for renewable energy integration

DC grid is considered to be one of the efficient technologies to collect and transmit large-scale renewable energy. The paper investigates the coordinated control and operation issues of a DC grid equipped with energy storage system for renewable energy integration, and proposes the coordinated control strategies of start up/shut down and normal operation of such a DC grid. The steady and smooth power output in the AC receiving terminals can be achieved through the coordinated control between renewable energy and energy storage system, taking into consideration of the fluctuation output characteristics of the renewable energy generation and the load shifting function of energy storage system. Case studies are carried out in the simulation platform PSCAD/EMTDC, and results validate the correctness of the proposed strategies.
Experimental Studies on Spin Flames in Mesoscale Combustion

Unsteady propagations of premixed flames in a mesoscale divergent channel were investigated experimentally. The impact of variable crosssection area and the flame-wall coupling on the flame transition between different regimes and the onset of flame instability was examined. A spinning wave with frequency ranged from 20 Hz to 150 Hz was observed and the results showed that the spin frequency was proportional to the flame speed. The wall temperature was controlled using cooling water or hot nitrogen and a transition from spinning wave to stable flame was observed, which proved that the spin was a result of the thermal coupling effect. The stable flame and spin flame could coexist within a bifurcation region caused by the thermal history effect of the wall. The critical flow rate for the onset of spinning wave highly depends on the equivalence ratio and but not the heating power.
Attitudes Towards Religious Matters in Mexican School History Textbooks

Throughout Mexican history the attitudes and actions of the Church have been of the greatest importance. During the colonial period the Church had exclusive jurisdiction not only over the religious life of the people, but also over education. Its role in the political and economic fields was often paramount. In the national period of Mexican history the attitude of a government toward the Church and religion was often the most important feature of its program, and on many occasions a government came to power or fell on this question.
The isolation of a restriction enzyme from Bordetella pertussis

Abstract A restriction enzyme was isolated from Bordetella pertussis cells by a single-step purification procedure using chromatography on phosphocellulose. Different DNA molecules were digested with this enzyme; the fragmentation patterns obtained were compared to those obtained after digestion with the Hind III enzyme isolated from Haemophilus influenzae strain Rd . It was concluded that the cleavage site specificities of these enzymes were identical.
Reproducing Olympic Authenticity: Representations of 2004 ‘Olympic Portraits of US Athletes To Watch’

On Monday, 2 August 2004, a photograph of the swimmer Natalie Coughlin appeared above the fold on the front page of USA Today Sports. The first in a series of Olympic portraits was shot by the USA Today photographer Robert Hanashiro and included stories about ‘U.S. athletes to watch’ in the future Athens Olympics (p. 1C). In addition to Coughlin, the series featured six male athletes and seven female athletes wearing ‘handmade costumes styled from classical Greek sculpture’ (‘Olympic portraits’, 2004, p. 2A). Among the signifiers used to conjure up images of the ancient Olympic Games were: wreaths of vegetation (used to honour winners in antiquity); flowing robes worn by the athletes; and photographs cast in sepia hues with ragged borders, in an apparent attempt to evoke authenticity and nostalgia.
Symmetry and Contemporary Hopi Art

ABSTRACTOne hundred fifty-eight contemporary Hopi ceramic decorations, dated ca. 1900–1983, have been analyzed, and their symmetry characteristics are described and tabulated. Against this background, relationships between symmetry features of contemporary Hopi designs and the Hopi world view, which were advanced by Greenberg (1975), are reexamined. No basis is found for relating the designs to the structure of the Hopi cosmos.Symmetry groups having three space dimensions, although not previously employed in archaeology or anthropology, are introduced in this paper. These groups are useful in describing certain ceramic decorations, in studying three-dimensional concepts, such as cosmology, and in characterizing weaves.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Smartphone App for Daily Reports of Substance Use and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence among HIV-Infected Adults.

While substance use is one of the most consistent predictors of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), few studies among people living with HIV (PLH) have utilized mobile phone-based assessment of these health behaviors. PLH were recruited from primary care clinics to report ART and substance use using a smartphone application (app) for 14 consecutive days. The app’s feasibility as a data collection tool was evaluated quantitatively via surveys and qualitatively via in-depth interviews to assess daily report completion, compliance, and study satisfaction. Overall, 26 participants ( years, 76% male) completed 95.3% of time-based daily reports. Participants reported high satisfaction with the app and expressed future interest in using smartphones to report daily behaviors. High completion rates and participant acceptability suggest that smartphones are a feasible, acceptable method for collecting substance use and ART data among PLH. Potential areas of concern such as sufficient training and assistance for those with limited smartphone experience should be considered for future app-based research studies among PLH.