cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
José Lins do Rego e as fronteiras da amizade: Doidinho

A nocao de amizade ocupa um lugar essencial, mas peculiar dentro do imaginario e do pensamento brasileiro nas primeiras decadas do seculo XX. Assim, ve-se no inicio dos anos 1920 o obscurecimento do ceticismo de um Anatole France e, sobretudo a partir do Rio de Janeiro, a consolidacao de pensadores catolicos ou idealistas cujos personagens servem de modelo para toda uma geracao “nascida com o seculo”, como a definiria Gilberto Freyre. Minha hipotese e a de que esta amizade masculina, intimista e quase exclusivamente espiritual comeca a demonstrar sinais de crise com a exigencia de representacao do social e de um novo espaco nacional que ja nao se conforma aos modelos idealizados de sociabilidade de matriz europeia. Para compreender a convivencia instavel entre duas nocoes tradicionais de amizade (espiritual e social), discutirei como a nocao de amizade se configura na obra Doidinho , de Jose Lins do Rego. No regionalismo simultaneamente realista e subjetivista do romancista, a representacao de uma sociedade masculina e inter-racial aponta para contradicoes e preocupacoes que se manifestam em formas ambivalentes de desejo e de pânico, revelando pontos de conflito que envolvem culpa, nostalgia, melancolia, medo de contagio e degeneracao de valores psicologicos e sociais. The notion of friendship plays an essential but peculiar role in Brazilian imagery and thought in the early decades of the twentieth century. The early 1920s faced the darkening of the skepticism of an Anatole France and, especially from Rio de Janeiro, the consolidation of Catholic thinkers and idealists whose characters served as a model for a whole generation "born with the century," as Gilberto Freyre would define it. My hypothesis is that this male friendship, intimate and almost exclusively spiritual, begins to show signs of crisis with the requirement of a social representation and a new national space that no longer conforms to the idealized models of European sociability. To understand the unstable coexistence between two traditional notions of friendship (spiritual and social), I will discuss how the notion of friendship is developed in Doidinho, written by Jose Lins do Rego. In this novelist’s both realistic and subjective regionalism, the representation of a male and interracial society points to contradictions and concerns manifested in ambivalent forms of desire and panic, revealing points of conflict involving guilt, nostalgia, melancholy, fear of contagion and degeneration of psychological and social values.
Image classification using adaptive-boosting and tree-structured discriminant vector quantization

According to the principle of minimum description length, the best statistical classifier is the one that minimizes the sum of the complexity of the model and the description length of the training data. This paper focuses on improving the classification rate through correctly classifying the vectors that are misclassified by classifiers. For this purpose, a new tree-structured version of the algorithm, namely tree-structured discriminant vector quantisation, based on the BFOS algorithm. The major problem of the conventional algorithm is overcome by modifying the pdf of the training vectors using the adaptive-boosting algorithm. This new algorithm is implemented on a set of seven textures from the Brodatz data set.
Remission Induction in Adults with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Major progress has been achieved in the chemotherapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. In general the sequence of progress in this disease has been as follows: production of complete remission; increase of the complete remission rate to greater than 70% of patients with combination therapy; demonstration that maintained remissions are longer than unmaintained remissions; increase in duration of remissions by intensive treatment, combination therapy, optimized dose schedules, cyclic therapy, and intermittent reinduction; and substantial increase in survival [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. Progress in the treatment of adults with acute myelogenous leukemia has lagged. While there are a few agents capable of producing complete remission in a minority of patients, remission induction programs capable of producing complete remission in the majority of patients have yet to be defined. This article will describe our efforts over the past three years to improve the complete remission rate in adult acute myelogenous leukemia.
Heterozygous Deletion of Ventral Anterior Homeobox (Vax1) Causes Subfertility in Mice

The known genetic causes of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) are often associated with the loss of GnRH neurons, leading to the disruption of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis and subfertility. The majority of IHH cases have unknown origins and likely arise from compound mutations in more than one gene. Here we identify the homeodomain transcription factor ventral anterior homeobox1 (Vax1) as a potential genetic contributor to polygenic IHH. Although otherwise healthy, male and female Vax1 heterozygous (HET) mice are subfertile, indicating dosage sensitivity for the Vax1 allele. Although Vax1 mRNA is expressed in the pituitary, hypothalamus, and testis, we did not detect Vax1 mRNA in the sperm, ovary, or isolated pituitary gonadotropes. Whereas Vax1 HET females produced normal numbers of superovulated oocytes, corpora lutea numbers were reduced along with a slight increase in circulating basal LH and estrogen. The subfertility originated in the hypothalamus in which kisspeptin and GnRH transcripts were altered along with a substantial reduction of GnRH neuron number. Although the pituitary responded normally to a GnRH challenge, diestrus females had reduced LHβ and FSHβ in diestrus. Furthermore, Vax1 HET males had reduced GnRH mRNA and neuron numbers, whereas the pituitary had normal transcript levels and response to GnRH. Interestingly, the Vax1 HET males had an 88% reduction of motile sperm. Taken together, our data suggest that Vax1 HET subfertility originates in the hypothalamus by disrupting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In addition, male subfertility may also be due to an unknown effect of Vax1 in the testis.
Electrophoretic Variants of α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster

Two alleles of Gdh, the locus specifying the electrophoretic mobility of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, are found in Drosophila melanogaster. The gene is located on the second chromosome at a map position of 17.8. Hybrid enzyme molecules are found in heterozygotes.
Application of "cinch/tie" technique to robotic-assisted nephropexy for posterior abdominal wall fixation.

Nephropexy remains standard for symptomatic nephroptosis, and several minimally-invasive techniques have been described. Triangulation sutures placed between the abdominal wall and the renal capsule are often difficult to tie tightly due to the confined working space. We propose a technique modification to fixate the kidney utilizing the da Vinci Surgical System robot and Lapra-Ty absorbable suture clips. Four female patients with symptomatic nephroptosis diagnosed via kidney hypermobility demonstrated on intravenous urography (IVU) underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephropexy (RALNP) from February 2008 to April 2010. After complete mobilization and stripping of perirenal fat, several 0 Vicryl sutures were placed in a “figure of eight” fashion and tied loosely. Subsequently we utilized a Lapra-Ty to tighten the stitch serially and fixate the kidney. The mean age was 46 years (43–52); one patient underwent simultaneous pyeloplasty and one underwent partial nephrectomy in the ipsilateral kidney. There were no intraoperative complications and two postoperative complications, both Clavien grade I. All patients were asymptomatic postoperatively at a mean follow-up of 9.2 months (1–28), and had no evidence of kidney hypermobility on upright IVU or diuretic renal scintigraphy (RS) scan at 6 weeks postoperatively. RALNP is a viable option in the treatment of symptomatic nephroptosis. Secure placement of several “pexing” sutures helps to ensure appropriate security of these itinerant kidneys. Our technique modification corrects kidney hypermobility while improving symptoms related to nephroptosis.
A study on tetrahedron-based inhomogeneous Monte Carlo optical simulation

Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is widely recognized as a gold standard in biophotonics for its high accuracy. Here we analyze several issues associated with tetrahedron-based optical Monte Carlo simulation in the context of TIM-OS, MMCM, MCML, and CUDAMCML in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Our results show that TIM-OS has significant better performance in the complex geometry cases and has comparable performance with CUDAMCML in the multi-layered tissue model.
On future directions for cardiology. The Paul D. White lecture.

Sont abordes les problemes des recepteurs des lipoproteines, des apolipoproteines et de la cardiopathie coronaire, ceux de la thrombose, des thrombocytes et de l'atherogenese, ceux de la fibronectine, de la thrombolyse, du facteur de relaxation endothelial, des radicaux libres de l'oxygene, du facteur ANF, de l'hypertrophie cardiaque
Calculating time-to-collision with real-time optical flow

Currently two major limitations to applying computer vision to real-time robotic vision tasks are robustness in unsimulated and uncontrolled environments, and the computational resources required for real-time operation. In particular, many current visual motion detection algorithms (optical flow) are not suited for practical applications such as crash detection because they either require highly specialized hardware or up to several minutes on a scientific workstation. A recent optical flow algorithm [C94] however has been shown to run in real-time on a standard scientific workstation and yields very accurate time-to-contact calculations.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Study of the interaction of organic monomers and water with fiberglass by Sorption methods

Interfacial reactions between organosilane-treated fiberglass and styrene, and bond conditions in these and in polymerized ethylene oxide and epichlorhydrin-E-glass systems were investigated. The vinyl functionality of some alkenylsilanes showed little effect on the polymerization of styrene on E-glass. The polymerization of this aromatic monomer on vinyltrichlorosilane-reacted fiberglass did not result in interfacial bond formation. Sorption of water on organosilane-coated glass at different temperatures suggested that permeation of the adsorbate into the bulk of the substrate was determined by diffusive transfer of water molecules.
Featherbedding—An easy second best problem

The difficulties of second best, as propounded by Lipsey and Lancaster and reasserted by Allingham and Archibald, derive from the allegation that associated with second best optima are necessary conditions that require the violation of necessary first best conditions and which cannot be satisfied by known market forms or decentralized management rules. Specifically, it is alleged that for second best no “solutions” analogous to perfect competition and marginal cost pricing exist. In this paper it has been demonstrated that second best difficulties are not quite as universal as Allingham and Archibald suppose. We have seen that featherbedding contracts give rise to genuine second best situations but that the associated problems are easily solved. If a production unit grants a featherbedding contract but otherwise acts as a price taking profit maximizer, in terms of Paretian criteria (assuming no difficulties at the second order level) no policy action is called for unless society is willing to outlaw the featherbedding contract. Otherwise, the appropriate management rule is simply “behave as a price taking profit maximizer” where this behavior is clearly specified in (28) above and analogous to marginal cost pricing in the first best case.
The reaction of phosphinyl radicals with 1,3-dienes

Abstract The stabilized radical, [(Me3Si)2CH]2P·, reacts with 1,3-dienes to afford 1,4-diphosphino-2-butenes.
CFD in the 1980's from one point of view

The present interpretive treatment of the development history of CFD in the 1980s gives attention to advancements in such algorithmic techniques as flux Jacobian-based upwind differencing, total variation-diminishing and essentially nonoscillatory schemes, multigrid methods, unstructured grids, and nonrectangular structured grids. At the same time, computational turbulence research gave attention to turbulence modeling on the bases of increasingly powerful supercomputers and meticulously constructed databases. The major future developments in CFD will encompass such capabilities as structured and unstructured three-dimensional grids.
Trade, Protection And Import Elasticities For Brazil

Quantitative models of import demand have revolved around numerical estimates of demand elasticities for a number of theoretical and practical reasons. Especially in Latin America, much of stimulus and direction of post war development is said to have originated out of reaction to the trade constraint.
The near-quantitative sampling of genomic DNA from various food-borne Eubacteria

Background The disruption of the bacterial cell wall plays an important part in achieving quantitative extraction of DNA from Eubacteria essential for accurate analyses of genetic material recovered from environmental samples.
Thermal Properties, Heat Sealability and Seal Attributes of Whey Protein Isolate/ Lipid Emulsion Edible Films

From 5% w/v whey protein isolate (WPI), whey protein/lipid emulsion edible films were produced that were sorbitol- or glycerol-plasticized, containing butterfat (0.2% w/v) or candelilla wax (0.8% w/v). Thermal properties of the films determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed onset temperatures (T o ) of 126 to 127 °C for sorbitol- and 108 to 122 °C for glycerol-plasticized films. T o values were used as the basis for heat sealing temperatures. Temperature (110, 120, 130 °C), pressure (296, 445 kPa), and dwell time (1, 3 s) affected seal strength. Optimum heat sealing temperature was 130 °C for sorbitol- and 110 °C for glycerol-plasticized films. All films were heat sealable with an impulse heat-sealer. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) of the surfaces of both sealed and unsealed films showed increase in hydrogen and covalent bonds involving C-O-H and N-C, which may be the main forces responsible for the sealed joint formation of the films. Dans l'industrie de l'emballage, le scellage a la chaleur est tres utilise. Le sujet de cette etude est de determiner les proprietes thermiques de films comestibles obtenus par l'emulsion de proteines de lactoserum et de lipides, dans le but d'optimiser leurs conditions de scellage. Les effets de la temperature, la pression et le temps, sur les proprietes d'etancheite sont determines et le mecanisme de formation du joint d'etancheite est explore. Pour cela, la calorimetrie differentielle a balayage et la spectrometrie a electron sont utilises.
Prediction of steady-state nortriptyline plasma levels by the repeated one-point method.

10 psychiatric inpatients with a diagnosis of depression were entered into a prospective study to investigate the repeated one-point method as a method of predicting steady-state concentrations for nortriptyline. Four males and 4 females completed all requirements of the protocol. Single plasma concentrations obtained after the first and second daily doses were found to be accurate predictors of the steady-state minimum plasma concentrations. The difference between the measured and the predicted steady-state minimum values ranged from 2.10 to 32.7 μg/L with a standard deviation 10.4 and a mean of 10.5 μg/L, assuming a normal distribution. The correlation coefficient of predicted versus measured concentrations was 0.946 with 90% confidence limits, ranging from 0.800 to 0.990. The repeated one-point method was found to be an accurate predictor of steady-state minimum plasma concentrations in patients receiving nortriptyline. This method should allow for individual adjustment of dose while minimising the time required to achieve therapeutic, non-toxic plasma concentrations.
Functional PAK-2 knockout and replacement with a caspase cleavage-deficient mutant in mice reveals differential requirements of full-length PAK-2 and caspase-activated PAK-2p34

p21-Activated protein kinase 2 (PAK-2) has both anti- and pro-apoptotic functions depending on its mechanism of activation. Activation of full-length PAK-2 by the monomeric GTPases Cdc42 or Rac stimulates cell survival, whereas caspase activation of PAK-2 to the PAK-2p34 fragment is involved in the apoptotic response. In this study we use functional knockout of PAK-2 and gene replacement with the caspase cleavage-deficient PAK-2D212N mutant to differentiate the biological functions of full-length PAK-2 and caspase-activated PAK-2p34. Knockout of PAK-2 results in embryonic lethality at early stages before organ development, whereas replacement with the caspase cleavage-deficient PAK-2D212N results in viable and healthy mice, indicating that early embryonic lethality is caused by deficiency of full-length PAK-2 rather than lack of caspase activation to the PAK-2p34 fragment. However, deficiency of caspase activation of PAK-2 decreased spontaneous cell death of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and increased cell growth at high cell density. In contrast, stress-induced cell death by treatment with the anti-cancer drug cisplatin was not reduced by deficiency of caspase activation of PAK-2, but switched from an apoptotic to a nonapoptotic, caspase-independent mechanism. Homozygous PAK-2D212N primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts that lack the ability to generate the proapoptotic PAK-2p34 show less activation of the effector caspase 3, 6, and 7, indicating that caspase activation of PAK-2 amplifies the apoptotic response through a positive feedback loop resulting in more activation of effector caspases.
Efficient querying of distributed provenance stores

Current projects that automate the collection of provenance information use a centralized architecture for managing the resulting metadata - that is, provenance is gathered at remote hosts and submitted to a central provenance management service. In contrast, we are developing a completely decentralized system with each computer maintaining the authoritative repository of the provenance gathered on it. Our model has several advantages, such as scaling to large amounts of metadata generation, providing low-latency access to provenance metadata about local data, avoiding the need for synchronization with a central service after operating while disconnected from the network, and letting users retain control over their data provenance records. We describe the SPADE project's support for tracking data provenance in distributed environments, including how queries can be optimized with provenance sketches, pre-caching, and caching.
Mutagenic activity and DNA adduct formation by 1, 2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor and GST substrate.

Acid protease inhibitor 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (ENPP) is commonly used in research as a substrate for glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST) and recently was found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease. The question of DNA-adduct formation and mutagenicity was investigated and found that ENPP causes DNA damage and acts directly to induce mutagenicity in Salmonella. Using HPLC analysis, ENPP was shown to bind covalently to guanine residues. The Salmonella mutagenicity assay indicated that ENPP enhanced the mutation frequencies in the base-substitution strain TA00 by more than 20 times above the background. Its mutagenic potency was comparable to that of well-known carcinogens, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (AFB1-8,9-epoxide). The results suggest that ENPP should be classified as a mutagenic compound and a potential carcinogen.
Photoelectron spectra of polysilanes.

Some organopolysilanes (high-molecular-weight polymers which only contain silicon atoms in their backbone) can be used as highly sensitive, self-developing uv photoresists. To understand the electronic structure of polysilanes and help rationalize their solid-state uv photosensitivity, we have recorded the photoelectron spectra of several polysilanes: poly(..beta..-naphthylmethylsilane), poly(phenylmethylsilane, poly(n-dodecylmethylsilane, and poly(n-propylmethylsilane). We find that if the polymer photoemission spectra can be described in terms of backbone Si-Si and side-chain Si-C levels which do not hybridize (as in the alkyl polysilanes), then the solid-state uv sensitivity of the polymer is high. An explanation of this correlation in terms of the degree of hybridization of the low-lying bonding and antibonding Si-Si levels with the levels of the carbon side-group molecule will be presented.
Mechanical behaviour of isotactic polypropylene subjected to various strain histories in uniaxial extension

Abstract The mechanical behaviour of a slowly quenched isotactic polypropylene has been studied for various strain histories in extension. Creep, constant rate of strain, and constant rate of loading experiments were carried out at deformations up to and beyond the point where necking occurs. A creep diagram, which includes the failure envelope, is presented. From the available data we have also obtained an extrapolated surface of the single step stress-relaxation behaviour. From this surface we can calculate, using the Bernstein and Zapas theory on the instability of viscoelastic bars, the deformation at which necking occurs for various strain histories.
Synthesis and activity of spiroisoindolines as novel noncompetitive NMDA antagonists

A series of novel spiroisoindolines was designed and synthesized as potential noncompetitive NMDA antagonists. Affinities of these compounds for the noncompetitive NMDA binding site were determined using [3H]TCP and found to possess IC50s ranging from 0.065 to 17μM. In vivo testing of 2′-methylspiro-[4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiophene-4,1′-(1,3-dihydroisoindole)] (43) showed it to antagonize NMDA-induced convulsions, to be neuroprotective in a gerbil model of ischemia, and not to generalize to MK-801 in a drug discrimination paradigm.
Complexity at Advancing Ecotones and Frontiers

Ecotones, such as advancing treelines, have been examined as complex self-organizing systems. Frontiers of human settlement may share some of their spatial characteristics, because they too include feedbacks between spatial pattern and process. Advancing frontiers of three study areas in the Amazonian region of Ecuador are analyzed with the aid of Landsat imagery to detect change. Power-law distributions of advancing deforestation are found, which are indicative of possible complexity. Alternative approaches in self-organized complexity, including self-organized percolation and the inverse-cascade model, and an approach to complexity involving optimization—highly optimized tolerance—are considered. Some combination of these, based on their common ancestry in percolation theory, might provide insights into population–environment interaction at settlement frontiers.
Structure and Reactivity of Alkynyl Ruthenium Alkylidenes

The isolation and structural characterization of alkynyl Ru−alkylidene species has been elusive owing to their rapid metallotropic shift and fast turnover. The enyne ring-closing metathesis and relay metathesis provides the platform to form a variety of alkynyl Ru−alkylidene species possessing a sterically and electronically different substituent on the carbenic carbon, which allowed their regio-controlled trapping and structural characterization.
Gene-dependent flavonoid glucosyltransferase in maize.

A direct relationship between a specific gene and a specific enzyme involved in flavonoid biosynthesis is reported for the gene Bz and uridine diphosphoglucose: quercetin glucosyltransferase in maize pollen, seedlings, and seeds. Ratios are presented for specific activities of the glucosyltransferase from pollen, seed, and seedling tissues homozygous and heterozygous for Bz and homozygous for bz.
Spatial scale requirements for precision farming: a case study in the southeastern USA

Predsion farming has created a critical need for spatial data on crop yield and related soil characteristics. However, because data are not without cost, users need practical guidelines for spatial resolution on which to collect soil and plant data. Our objectives were (i) to describe variation observed in crop response in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the USA, (ii) to compare it with variation in other regions, and (iii) to offer suggestions for precision farming practices in the southeastern Coastal Plain. From 1985 to 1995, corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields were mapped at from 10- to 20-m resolution in an 8-ha field at Florence, SC. Also available were topography (30-m resolution), depth to clay (15 m), and in 1993, plant height on one date (9 m), canopy temperature on four dates (1.5 m), and detailed crop and soil information at selected sites. Yield of all crops in all years was significantly (P 100-m grid that is commonly used in precision farming.
Attention Deficit Disorder With and Without Hyperactivity: Comparison of Behavioral Characteristics of Clinic-referred Children

Using a reliable assessment procedure, 41 clinic outpatients, 6–13 years of age, were given a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADD/H), and 22 outpatients were diagnosed as having Attention Deficit Disorder without Hyperactivity (ADD/WO). Comparisons of measures involved in the diagnostic process showed that the ADD/H children were rated by teachers as being more impulsive. More importantly, comparisons of measures not used in the diagnoses showed that children with ADD/H were more likely to display a severe pattern of aggressive conduct disorder in spite of being younger at the time of assessment. In contrast, the ADD/WO group displayed a more sluggish cognitive tempo, was more likely to receive a codiagnosis of an anxiety or affective disorder, and tended to be rated as more anxious. The results were found not to be explainable by differences in age, intelligence, or socioeconomic status. These findings demonstrate that ADD/WO can be reliably diagnosed in a clinic sample and suggest that ADD/H and ADD/WO differ in important ways.
Social Psychology--A Functional Approach to Recreation.

The function of attitudes and/or behavior in most empirical studies is not fully understood. This study was undertaken to isolate some variables that are important in the formulation of perspective and to use these variables to form homogeneous groups so that patterns among the variables may be used in future studies to better understand attitudes and/or behavior. The study was conducted in State College, Pennsylvania, and the subject content of the study was a public forested area known as State Game Lands 176. Both user and general populations of the State College area were sampled to obtain a diversity of results about the functional nature of attitudes and/or behavior. Results indicated that there were differences among individuals with regard to the larger context. These results are suggestive of research to relate attitudes and/or behavior lo these functional dimensions to better understand the relationships among these variables.
Recognizing and tracking clasping and occluded hands

We present a purely algorithmic method for distinguishing when two hands are visually merged together and tracking their positions by propagating tracking information from anchor frames in single-camera video without depth information. We demonstrate and evaluate on a manually labeled dataset selected primarily for clasped hands with 698 images of a single speaker with 1301 annotated left and right hands. Toward the goal of recognizing clasping hands, our method performs better than baseline on recall (0.66 vs. 0.53) without sacrificing precision (0.65 for both). We also evaluate its tracking efficacy through its ability to affect performance of a naive hand labeling heuristic, resulting in an improvement over the baseline (F-score of 0.59 vs. 0.48 baseline).
Deviations from the impulse approximation in liquid 4He : an experimental test at Q = 23 Å -1

Deep-inelastic-scattering measurements at high-momentum transfer Q can provide direct information on the momentum distribution of a system of particles if the impulse approximation (IA) is valid. In many such experiments, however, deviations between the observed scattering and predictions based on the IA are present. In liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ these deviations, called final-state effects (FSE), are caused by interactions among the particles. We have used liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ as a testing ground for the study of FSE. Deep-inelastic-neutron-scattering measurements on liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ have been carried out for temperatures of 0.35 and 3.5 K at a density of 0.147 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. Under the assumption that current theoretical calculations of the momentum distribution of liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ are accurate, we extract the form of FSE in the superfluid phase from the scattering data. We also compare the predictions of several theories for FSE to the experimental data. At the momentum transfer of Q=23 A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ reached in these measurements, we find that an FSE theory due to Silver is the only current theory in agreement with the data in both the normal and superfluid phases.
Complex coordinate stretching as a generalized absorbing boundary condition

By complex coordinate stretching and a change of variables, it is shown simply that PML is reflectionless for all frequencies and all angles. Also, Maxwell's equations for PML media reduce to ordinary Maxwell's equations with complex coordinate systems. Many closed-form solutions for Maxwell's equations map to corresponding closed-form solutions in complex coordinate systems. Numerical simulations with the closed-form solutions show that metallic boxes lined with PML media are highly absorptive. These closed-form solutions lend a better understanding to the absorptive properties of PML media. For instance, they explain why a PML medium is absorptive when a dielectric or metallic interface extends to the edge to a simulation region where PML media reside. More importantly, the complex coordinate stretching method can be generalized to non-Cartesian coordinate systems, providing absorbing boundary conditions in these coordinate systems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 15: 363–369, 1997.
Developmental Research and Juvenile Justice

A little over a decade ago, as the juvenile court marked a century since its establishment, a number of commentators raised questions about its viability as a modern institution. Though many of tho...
Stress intensity factors of the ISRM suggested CCNBD specimen used for mode-I fracture toughness determination

In 1995, the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) presented the Suggested Methode for determining mode-I fracture toughness using cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD).
Surveillance Tracheal Aspirate Cultures Do Not Reliably Predict Bacteria Cultured at the Time of an Acute Respiratory Infection in Children With Tracheostomy Tubes

Background The aim of this study was to characterize the practice of routinely obtaining tracheal aspirate cultures in children with tracheostomy tubes and to analyze the appropriateness of using this information to guide antibiotic selection for treatment of subsequent lower respiratory infections. Methods Pediatric otolaryngologists and pulmonologists were surveyed regarding surveillance culture practices. Records of children with tracheostomy tubes from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2007, were reviewed. Consecutive cultures were compared for similarity of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity when a clinic culture preceded a culture from when the child was ill and received antibiotics and when a hospital culture preceded a hospital culture from a separate hospitalization. Results Seventy-nine of 146 pulmonologists and five of 33 otolaryngologists obtained routine surveillance tracheal aspirate cultures (P Conclusions This study demonstrated that there are significant changes in bacteria or antibiotic sensitivity between consecutive tracheal cultures in children with tracheostomy tubes. Use of prior tracheal cultures from these children was of limited value for choosing empiric antibiotic therapy in treating acute lower respiratory exacerbations. Surveillance cultures, thus, are an unnecessary burden and expense of care.
Factors associated with physical activity in preschool children.

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to identify factors associated with the physical activity in young children. Study design: Participants were 214 children (aged 3-5 years) enrolled in 10 childcare centers who were monitored for physical activity with an accelerometer during 2 continuous days (48 hours). Mean daily activity counts, activity counts between 9 AM and 5 PM , and percentage of time spent in vigorous activity were determined. The factors investigated were age, childcare center, season, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of preterm birth, participation in organized activities, parental BMI, and parental educational level. Regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with each of the activity measures. Results: A statistical model including sex, history of preterm birth, childcare center, and father's BMI accounted for 22%, 37%, and 23% of the variance in total daily counts, counts between 9 AM and 5 PM , and percentage of time spent in daily vigorous activity, respectively. Childcare center was the highest individual predictor of activity. Boys were more active than girls in all activity measures except counts between 9 AM and 5 PM . Children born preterm were less active than children born at term, and high activity levels in the child were associated with a low BMI in fathers. Conclusion: The findings indicate that sex, history of preterm birth, childcare center, and father's BMI influence the daily physical activity of young children. (J Pediatr 2002;140:81-5)
Effects of noise in nonlinear systems exhibiting simple bifurcations

Abstract Simple bifurcation in the presence of noise is investigated and some results are presented. The effect of additive noise on gradient systems is examined by using Laplace's method of steepest descent. Reduced governing equations for multidimensional systems which exhibit simple bifurcation are obtained with the stochastic normal forms method and are applied to the stochastic Lorenz equations. The resulting equations are similar to those obtained by extended averaging. First passage time and stationary densities are also obtained and numerical examples are presented.
Materialistic, brand engaged and status consuming consumers and clothing behaviors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how materialism, brand engagement in self‐concept (BESC), and status consumption influence clothing involvement and brand loyalty.Design/methodology/approach – The authors use data from a survey of 258 US college students to test a model using structural equation modelling.Findings – The results show that materialism, BESC, and status consumption positively influence clothing involvement and brand loyalty.Research limitations/implications – The study findings are bounded by the country and sample providing the data. The results strongly support hypotheses derived from the literature and provide important insights into the motives for clothing involvement and brand loyalty.Practical implications – The findings suggest that appealing to these three important motivators can influence some consumers to choose specific brands of clothing.Originality/value – This study is the first to demonstrate the influence of materialism, especially operationalized by Kasser's ...
A mm-Wave CMOS Heterodyne Receiver with On-Chip LO and Divider

A heterodyne RX incorporates an LNA, RF and I/Q IF mixers, nested inductors, and a passive-mixer-based Miller divider. Fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process, the RX achieves an NF of 6.9 to 8.3dB from 49 to 53GHz with a gain of 26 to 31.5dB and an I/Q mismatch of 1.6dB/6.5deg. The circuit consumes 80mW from a 1.8V supply
Lessons from science communication training.

Alan I. Leshner's Editorial “Outreach training needed” (12 Jan., p. 161) calls for increased communication training for science graduate students. In March, a bill was introduced to the U.S. House of Representatives (HR1453), requesting funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to
Multilayer diamond heat spreaders for electronic power devices

Abstract Single layer diamond and multilayer diamond heat spreader substrates are prepared and bonded to device wafers of silicon and gallium arsenide. Metallization schemes for the diamond surface and the backside of the device wafers are described. Bonding of the device wafers to the diamond substrates using the high thermal conductivity gold–tin eutectic solder is carried out. Characterization of the bond for the distribution of different elements in the metallization layers and the solder, for the presence of microscopic defects such as voids and cracks, for the adhesion strength and for the stability of the bond under thermal cycling is performed. The heat spreader characteristics of the substrates with single and multlayer diamond are determined using infrared imaging of the bonded device wafers and compared with that of wafers bonded to metal substrates. Modeling and analysis of the effectivethermal conductivity showed that the multilayer diamond substrates are better heat spreaders and reduce the device temperature so that the life of the electronic devices is prolonged.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pneumonitis after a Glenn palliation.

A five-month old male with a single ventricle palliated with a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis developed severe respiratory insufficiency from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonitis. He was successfully rescued with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy and recovered with minimal morbidity.
Growth and Stress Resistance of Advanced Sized Nile Tilapia Fed Diets Containing Fuel-Based DDGS and Yeast

A feeding trial investigated the use of a diet comprised of yeast and distillers' dried grain with solubles (DDGS) to improve growth, feed utilization, and stress resistance of tilapia. Six diets were formulated (as-fed basis) with 8% menhaden fishmeal and 20%, 25%, or 30% DDGS with or without 0.125% yeast probiotic. Aquaria (110 L) were stocked with eight Nile tilapia (mean weight = 43.6 ± 1.3 g) with four replicate aquaria per diet. Weight gains, food conversion ratios (FCR), protein efficiency ratios (PER), blood cortisol levels, and survival rates did not significantly differ (P ≥ 0.1) among or between fish fed differing diets. Overall, results indicated that the inclusion of low-level yeast probiotics did not increase the utilization of DDGS nor did it improve the growth or acute stress resistance (i.e., short-term stressor) of juvenile Nile tilapia.
A Proxy-Based Solution for Interoperability of Smart Home Protocols

During the recent years, we can observe how mobile devices entered in the lives of people, becoming their main personal assistants and helping in various daily tasks. However not just mobile devices have evolved. And others electronic devices we use every day also experienced changes that have become smarter as the example of home devices. All these devices interconnected in the same environment or the same network, making use of services and exchange information with other devices, characterize a smart environment. Smart homes are special class of such environments and, increasingly, has become a scene with a variety of heterogeneous devices. However, due to the rapid progress of technology and the rise of a large number of heterogeneous devices, a variety of independent communication protocols were created, establishing a complex scenario to ensure interoperability between them. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the state of the art with an emphasis on the interoperability of current Mobile Devices with other digital devices present in a Smart home. Thus, it will be defined which protocols are currently most commonly used for this purpose, what are the current ongoing projects, what are the limitations of the solutions found in the research and, finally, it will be proposed an alternative solution for interoperability between the devices at a Smart home.
Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen an zinnorganischen Verbindungen der Reihe (CH3)aSn(C2H5)4−a

Es werden die Massenspektren der zinnorganischen Verbindungen der Reihe (CH3)a-Sn(C2H5)4−a vorgelegt, aufgenommen mit einem Nierschen Massenspektrometer bei einer Elektronenergie von 70 eV. Die daraus errechneten monoisotopischen Spektren werden diskutiert, wobei die registrierten metastabilen Ionen zur Erklarung der Ionisierungsvorgange herangezogen werden. Mass spectra of tinorganic compounds of the series (CH3)aSn(C2H5)4−a were obtained with a Nier-type mass spectrometer at an electron energy of 70 eV. The calculated monoisotopic spectra are discussed and the registrated metastable ions are used to explain the ionization phenomena.
ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURE OF TOTAL ANOMALOUS VENOUS RETURN INTO CORONARY SINUS SIMULATING TRICUSPID ATRESIA OR STENOSIS.

Summary Four patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous return into coronary sinus showed angiocardiographic findings suggestive of tricuspid atresia or stenosis. All four infants had venous angiocardiograms performed through the superior vena cava. The contrast material entered the right atrium where it met the blood returned by the inferior vena cava and the blood from the lungs by way of the coronary sinus. Most of the contrast substance was directed toward the left side of the heart and consequently only a small amount of dyed blood passed into the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. In all instances, a filling defect was seen at the level of the tricuspid valve. These findings are similar to those of tricuspid atresia.
Monte Carlo simulations of differential die-away instrument for determination of fissile content in spent fuel assemblies

The differential die-away (DDA) technique has been simulated by using the MCNPX code to quantify its capability to measure the fissile content in spent fuel assemblies, For 64 different spent fuel cases of various initial enrichment, burnup and cooling time, the count rate and signal to background ratios of the DDA system were obtained, where neutron backgrounds are mainly coming from the {sup 244}Cm of the spent fuel. To quantify the total fissile mass of spent fuel, a concept of the effective {sup 239}Pu mass was introduced by weighting the relative contribution to the signal of {sup 235}U and {sup 241}Pu compared to {sup 239}Pu and the calibration curves of DDA count rate vs. {sup 239}Pu{sub eff} were obtained by using the MCNPX code. With a deuterium-tritium (DT) neutron generator of 10{sup 9} n/s strength, signal to background ratios of sufficient magnitude are acquired for a DDA system with the spent fuel assembly in water.
The effects of septal lesion on the open-field social behavior of Sprague-Dawley albino rats

Open-field contact time was observed in Holtzman albino rats pre- and postoperatively. Although social contact was quite variable within pairs, postoperatively there was still a marked increase in social cohesiveness across days. These results are similar but not identical to results observed in prior studies using Long-Evans hooded rats.
Calculations of quantum tunnelling between closed and open states of sodium channels

Transitions between states of ion channels have previously been considered in terms of classical statistical mechanics. However, transitions in many systems, including some organic molecules, are known to occur by quantum mechanical tunnelling. In this report, we have calculated the time for sodium channel activation by tunnelling, starting from a mechanistic model based on the structural models of Catterall and Guy. In doing this, we have calculated the Coulomb interactions between the S4 α-helix and negative residues on nearest-neighbor helices and have included longer range interactions in terms of an effective background interaction. Periodic pairing of charges between the S4 and adjacent helices in the model causes the resting and depolarized states of the channel to correspond to local minima in the S4 potential energy curve. Harmonic potentials closely fit the energy curves around each of the two minima and the energy barrier between them is closely modelled by a parabola. These approximations allow a semiclassical calculation of the S4 helix's tunnelling rate to be made. At 37°C, for an interhelix axial spacing of 10 A, tunnelling times in the range of 1 μs to a few ms were computed for a single S4 segment, depending of the equilibrium temperature of the cell membrane.
The influence of ion-implantation damage on hydrogen-induced ion-cut

Abstract Hydrogen ion-implantation in Si has been shown to be an effective means of cleaving thin layer of Si from its parent wafer. This process has been called smart-cut™, ion-cut, and hydrogen-slicing by various authors. Qualitatively it is known that implanted hydrogen in Si evolves under heating to form bubbles with high internal pressure, which then drives the cleavage process. The general belief has been that the bubbles, which induced the cleavage, occur at the peak in the H-implantation concentration profile. However, our recent experiments have shown that H bubble nucleation and the ultimate cleavage location in Si is controlled by the lattice damage that is generated by the H-implantation process. The stress and strain field in the proton-implantation-induced damage region of the silicon crystal is proposed to explain the observed results.
The mixed antinociceptive agonist-antagonist activity of β-endorphin(1–27) in mice

Abstract β-Endorphin(1–27) (i.c.v.) has been reported to inhibit the antinociceptive activity of i.c.v. administered β-endorphin in mice. In this study the antagonist activity of β-endorphin(1–27) has been confirmed and the antagonism appears to be mediated at δ 1 opioid receptors. At higher doses than that used for antagonism, i.c.v. administered β-endorphin(1–27) was a full antinociceptive agonist. The antinociceptive activity of β-endorphin is attributed to the release of met-enkephalin in the spinal cord and is antagonized by the selective δ 2 opioid receptor antagonist, naltriben (NTB) but not by the selective δ 1 opioid receptor antagonist, 7-benzylidenenaltrexone (BNTX). In contrast, the antinociceptive activity of i.c.v. administered β-endorphin(1–27) was not affected by either NTB or BNTX administered i.c.v. or i.t. Also, the antinociceptive activity of β-endorphin(1–27) was unaffected by the selective μ opioid receptor antagonist, β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA) or the selective κ opioid receptor antagonist, norbinaltorphimine (norBNI). Thus, β-endorphin(1–27) appears to mediate antinociception supraspinally through the interaction of a unique receptor, i.e. a receptor that is different from μ, κ, δ 1 or δ 2 opioid receptors. Alternatively, a non-opioid mechanism may be considered.
Determination of flow areas for series-parallel compartment venting to satisfy pressure differential requirements.

A unique method for solving the design problem of determining the areas required to meet an imposed pressure differential limit is presented. The associated analytical technique for determining the transient pressure differentials in a multicompartment series-parallel connected system is also presented. In an effort to verify the results obtained by using the analytical methods presented, a test was conducted using a seven compartment system. It was found in the investigations that a computer program based on the analytical model described can determine the pressure, temperature, pressure differentials, and mass flow rates into and out of each compartment at subsonic or sonic velocities.