cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cord blood red cell osmotic fragility: a comparison between preterm and full-term newborn infants.

Background: The osmotic fragility of red blood cells reflects their membrane ability to maintain structural integrity. The osmolality at which the cells lyse is related to their shape, deformability, surface area/volume ratio and intrinsic membrane properties. In cord blood, there may be differences between premature and term infants, and be influenced by maternal medication and other factors. There have been no definitive findings on possible differences between preterm and full-term infant osmotic fragility. Aims: To determine if cord blood erythrocyte osmotic fragility differs between premature and full-term newborn infants, using two parallel techniques. Patients and methods: Cord blood samples were obtained from preterm singletons (N=11), preterm multiple births (N=10), full-term infants (N=24), as well as adults (N=22), for comparison. An osmotic fragility test was used to determine the NaCl concentration at which 20%, 50% and 80% of hemolysis occurred using individual logistic curves. A glycerol lysis test determined the time needed to lyse 50% of red blood cells. Results: Cord blood red cells of multiple birth premature infants were more hemolysis-resistant than erythrocytes from full-term infants or adults. Another index of osmotic fragility, the difference in NaCl concentration for 80% and 20% red cell hemolysis showed that premature infants had greater differences than full-term infants or adults. Glycerol lysis time revealed that both preterm and full-term infants had an erythrocyte subpopulation that took longer than adult blood to attain 50% hemolysis. Correlation between both tests was very significant (r=−0.603, P<0.0001, N=67). Conclusions: This study shows that erythrocytes of premature infants, although, in average, less osmotically fragile than those of healthy full-term infants, contain a more hemolysis-susceptible cell subpopulation.
Comparison of adult emergence of wheat stem sawfly from material overwintered in the field and the laboratory

We examined whether collection time (pre-winter vs. post-winter) influenced adult and female emergence success and body mass of wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), from four Montana populations in 2005–2006. Adult emergence was generally higher from post-harvest material in post-winter collections but varied widely among populations. No significant effect of collection time on male-biased adult emergence from post-harvest residue collected near Conrad (37% vs. 31%) was detected, although adult emergence was greater for post-winter collection than for pre-winter collections from sites near Havre (90% vs. 81%), near Amsterdam (88% vs. 41%), and near Loring (67% vs. 0%); these three populations had a bias towards adult females that exceeded 2:1. Adult body mass was greater for post-winter-collected males (30% higher) and females (15%) only from near Amsterdam. Diapausing C. cinctus larvae overwintering under field conditions had better adult emergence, and spring collection is r...
User-capacity maximization in synchronous CDMA subject to RMS-bandlimited signature waveforms

We consider the symbol-synchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channel equipped with either a multiuser linear receiver or a multiuser decision-feedback receiver. The network, or user, capacity is defined to be the number of users that can be supported with available resources, such that every user achieves a certain quality of service (QoS). In this paper, the QoS threshold is given as a signal-to-interference ratio and the bandwidth is given as the root mean squared bandwidth of the received power spectral density of the users' transmitted waveforms. Given the QoS threshold and constraints on bandwidth and the sum of the users' received powers, we maximize user capacity for both the linear and decision-feedback receivers by optimally and jointly designing the users' signature waveforms and power-control polices.
Reducing breast cancer recurrence with weight loss, a vanguard trial: The Exercise and Nutrition to Enhance Recovery and Good Health for You (ENERGY) Trial

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women in developed countries. Obesity is a major risk factor for breast cancer recurrence and mortality in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Co-morbid medical conditions are common among breast cancer survivors. The Exercise and Nutrition to Enhance Recovery and Good Health for You (ENERGY) study is a 4-year randomized clinical trial of 693 overweight/obese women aged ≥21years diagnosed with any early stage breast cancer (stages I[≥1cm]-III) within the previous five years, designed to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving sustained weight loss and to examine the impact of weight loss on quality of life and co-morbidities, and to enable future exploration of biochemical mechanisms linking obesity to lower likelihood of disease-free survival. This trial is strategically designed as a vanguard for a fully-powered trial of women who will be evaluated for breast cancer recurrence and disease-free survival. Participants were recruited between 2010 and 2012 at four sites, had completed initial therapies, and had a body mass index between 25 and 45kg/m(2). The intervention featured a group-based cognitive-behavioral weight loss program with telephone counseling and tailored newsletters to support initial weight loss and subsequent maintenance, with the goal of 7% weight loss at two years. This study has high potential to have a major impact on clinical management and outcomes after a breast cancer diagnosis. This trial initiates the effort to establish weight loss support for overweight or obese breast cancer survivors as a new standard of clinical care.
Fertility desires, family planning use and pregnancy experience: longitudinal examination of urban areas in three African countries

Many women have inconsistent fertility desires and contraceptive use behaviors. This increases their risk of unintended pregnancies. Inconsistencies may reflect barriers to family planning (FP) use but may also reflect ambivalence toward future childbearing. Using urban data from Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal, this study examines the role of fertility desires and FP use behaviors on pregnancy experience over a 2-year follow-up period. Data come from baseline and 2-year follow-up among urban women interviewed in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal. At baseline (2010/2011), women were asked about their future fertility desires (want child soon, want to delay >2 years, does not want) and current FP use. At midterm (2012/2013), women were asked if they were currently pregnant or had a birth in the 2-year period. We examine the association between baseline fertility desires and FP use with pregnancy experience and desirability of an experienced pregnancy. In the 2-year follow-up period, 27–39 % of women in union experienced a pregnancy or birth. In Kenya and Nigeria, 30–35 % of women using a modern FP method experienced a pregnancy/birth; the percentage with a pregnancy/birth was slightly higher among women not using at baseline (41 % in both countries). In Senegal, the distinction between pregnancy experience between users and non-users was greater (16 % vs. 31 %, respectively). In all countries, pregnancy was less common among users of long-acting and permanent methods; only a small percentage of women use these methods. Women not wanting any(more) children were the least likely to experience a pregnancy in the 2-year follow-up period. No differences were observed between those who wanted to delay and those who wanted soon. Multivariate findings demonstrate distinctions in pregnancy experience by fertility desires among modern FP users. Non-users have similar pregnancy experience by fertility desires. Fertility desires are not stable; providers need to consider the fluidity of fertility desires in counseling clients. Programs focusing on new FP users may miss women who are the most motivated to avoid a pregnancy and need to switch to a more effective method; this will result in less unintended pregnancies overall.
Exploring the Perceptions of College Students on the Use of Technology: What Do They Really Think?

Technology is an essential component of learning in the 21 st century. College professors and teachers hold many assumptions regarding the technological skills and knowledge that students possess while learning in the college setting. In this article, we explore the technology use and attitudes towards technology held by students enrolled in a regional public university offering online, face-to-face and hybrid instruction. The understanding of students’ attitudes and use of technology is essential to informing the technological direction and pedagogical model in higher education from a traditional, lecture-based model to a technologically-enhanced model. In this study, we employed a mixed-method design using a faculty-developed, online survey, which highlighted student perceptions about technology for classroom instruction.
Islamic Insurgencies in the Sahel: Factors of Resilience and Vulnerability in Niger and Mauritania

A few years ago, Niger and Mauritania appeared to be the weakest countries in the Sahel, facing chronic food insecurity, armed conflicts, and political and institutional crisis that ultimately resulted in military coups. Currently, these two countries appear unexpectedly resilient in the face of the wave of Islamic Insurgencies that hit the region. How did Niger and Mauritania succeed, thus far, to manage the consequences of the Libyan crisis and avoid the Islamic insurgency inflicting their neighbors? Scholars have paid only limited attention to questions related to stability in the Sahel. As a result, the current blossoming interest in these questions lack an integrated analytical framework that gives a holistic examination of the subject. Much of the current analyses emphasize the sequence-based decisions made by the government of these countries to either control their borders or promote peace initiatives. This paper argues that beyond circumstantial decisions, there are structural factors such as the institutional reforms, and the experience of previous armed conflicts, that have significant contribution to this resilience. Enthusiasm over resilience should not, however, overshadow numerous factors of vulnerability such as the lack of control over the Sahara, the weakness of state institutions, and growing Islamic militancy.
High-Resolution AMS 14C Dates for the Par-Tee Site (35CLT20) and Prehistoric Whale Hunting on the Oregon Coast

Evidence for aboriginal whale hunting, long thought to be a practice limited to Northwest Coast tribes in northern Washington and British Columbia’s Vancouver Island, was previously reported at the Par-Tee site on the Oregon coast between about cal AD 620 and 990. An age estimate for a humpback whale phalanx with an embedded elk bone harpoon point was based on radiocarbon dates on charcoal not directly associated with the whale bone. We present high-resolution accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates for purified bone collagen extracted directly from the whale phalanx and embedded harpoon point. A calibrated date for the harpoon point places the whale hunting event between about cal AD 430 and 550. The apparent 14C age of the whale bone is estimated to be 220±37 14C yr older than the marine model age at that time, consistent with values from the eastern Pacific. These new dates suggest that whale hunting took place on the Oregon coast as much as 200–500 yr earlier than previously reported and more than a millennium before historic contact in the region. Our research highlights the significance of museum collections and high-resolution AMS 14C dating for addressing a variety of issues related to ancient archaeological sites and cultures.
Sport and social movements: from the local to the global (globalizing sport studies series)

In Sport and Social Movements: From the Local to the Global, a formidable platoon of authors addresses a set of key questions at the intersection of sport and political struggle. They collectively ...
Abstract 5085: Radiosensitization of castration-resistant prostate cancer via modulating autophagic cell death

Radioresistance markedly impair the efficacy of cancer therapy. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 are overexpressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and contribute to prostate tumor initiation, progression and resistance to radiotherapy. A natural BH3-mimetic, small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2, (−)-gossypol, shows promise in ongoing Phase II clinical trials for human prostate cancer. We have recently shown that (−)-gossypol preferentially induces autophagy in CRPC cells that have high levels of Bcl-2 and are resistant to apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo, but not in androgen-dependent cells with low Bcl-2 and sensitive to apoptosis. Our results demonstrate for the first time that (−)-gossypol can interrupt the interaction between Beclin1 and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL at the endoplasmic reticulum, thus releasing the BH3-only pro-autophagic protein Beclin1, which in turn triggers the autophagic cascade. (−)-Gossypol-induced autophagy is Beclin1- and Atg5-dependent, together with Bcl-2 downregulation and Beclin1 upregulation. (−)-Gossypol increased autophagic cell death induced by X-ray radiation in the CRPC cells. Orally administered (−)-gossypol achieved a much greater efficacy with long-term tumor regression when used in combination with ionizing radiation. We have also explored a series of gossypol derivatives and identified two novel BH3-mimetic lead compounds that are more potent than the parental compound in inducing autophagic cell death in CRPC. Taken together, (−)-gossypol significantly enhances the anti-tumor activity of radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo, and represents a promising new regime for treatment of castration-resistant human prostate cancer with overexpression of Bcl-2. Our data provide new insights into the mode of cell death induced by Bcl-2 inhibitors, which would facilitate the rational design of clinical trials by selecting patients who are most likely to benefit from the Bcl-2-targeted molecular therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5085. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5085
Changes of Serum Growth Hormone,Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Portein-3 Levels in Children with Hypothyroidism

Objective To detect the serum growth hormone(GH),insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-Ⅰ),insulin-like growth factor binging protein-3(IGFBP-3) levels in children with hypothyroidism and explore the change regulation of GH-IGF axis and thyroxine.Methods Fifty-six hypothyroidism children were divided into congonital hypothyroidism(CH)(14 cases) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis(32 cases).Serum GH,IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-3 levels of 56 hypothyroidism children before and after luothyroxine sodium L-T4 treatment and 50 normal children were detected with radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.Results Serum IGF-I,IGFBP-3 levels in 9 CH newborn group were lower,and they were normal after thyroxine substitute therapy.But those of 5 children with CH and 32 cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were not significantly changed.Conclusions The GH-IGF axis is inordinate in the CH children,which is an important reason of stature short.Early thyroxine substitute therapy is very helpful to maintain normal growth and development of children with CH.
Lie series algorithms and Runge-Kutta algorithms

For linear autonomous system,the Lie Series algorithms of order two and order four were proved to be respectively identical with the improved Euler algorithm of stage two and order two,and with the classical R-K algorithm of stage four and order four.And the Lei Series algorithms are illustrated to be identical with Taylor progression algorithms,but they have different values of practical application because of different calculation methods of differential coefficients.Finally,the superiority of Lie Series for approaching nonlinear system was demonstrated numerically.
In Vitro Secretion of Deoxycorticosterone by a Benign Leydig Cell Tumor of the Testis

AbstractWe evaluated the in vitro steroidogenic potential of a benign Leydig cell tumor of the testis. Tumor tissue was found to secrete deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol and testosterone into the medium. No corticosterone or aldosterone was detected. The ratio of progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone was 4:1, consistent with a partial enzymatic block of 17α-hydroxylase. The finding of deoxycorticosterone indicates the presence of 21-hydroxylase activity within the tumor. The high local levels of estrogen produced by Leydig cell tumors may induce this enzyme system and, together with the elevated concentrations of progesterone serving as substrate, may provide a favorable hormonal milieu for extra-adrenal deoxycorticosterone production by these neoplasms.
Classes of update semantics

According to the empirical philosophy, however, all ideals are matters of relation. It would be absurd, for example, to ask for a definition of “the ideal horse,” so long as dragging drays and running races, bearing children, and jogging about with tradesmen's packages all remain as indispensible differentiations of equine function. You may take what you call a general all-round animal as a compromise, but he will be inferior to any horse of a more specialized type, in some one particular direction . —William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience Given a knowledge base encoded as a set of first-order sentences T , one would naturally like to be able to update T as new information arrives. Unfortunately, there is no clear-cut application-independent choice of semantics for updating T , and a variety of candidate semantics have appeared in the database, AI, and philosophical literature [Abiteboul 85, Alchourron 85, Appelt 88, Borgida 85, Dalai 88, de Kleer 87, Fagin 83, 86, Foo 89, Forbus 89, Gardenfors 88ab, Ginsberg 86, 88ab, Goodman 83, Harman 86, Hegner 87, Jackson 89, Katsuno 89, Lewis 73, Liu 88, Oddie 78, Pollack 76, Reiter 87, Rescher 64, Satoh 88, Weber 86, Winslett 86abc, 88bc]. These works vary widely in motivation, terminology, and goals; the applications discussed in these papers range from logical theory revision, counterfactuals, and philosophy of language (all active areas of research among modern philosophers, as well as the likes of Aristotle, Hume, and Mill) to diagnosis, database updates, reasoning about the effects of actions in the physical world, and discourse understanding.
History and Eternity

The attempt to clarify the relations of time and eternity can appropriately begin with an examination of the meaning that history has for eternity. Temple suggests three main views which have predominated in this regard. All three present partial truths taken separately; Temple proposes a fourth view in which he strives to bring together the truths of each of the other three while eliminating the falsities.
Reinhold's Contribution

THE GOSPELS REVISED! PRELIMINARY OVERVIEW OF FOUR CRITICAL DOCTRINES IN A NEW “IMPROVED” VERSION Kant and Reinhold: Influence and Difference The work of Karl Leonhard Reinhold has come to receive growing attention recently from specialists, but I believe it has a much broader significance than has yet been realized. It can be argued that not only did this supposedly minor figure directly determine the main lines of the immediate reception of Kant's philosophy, but he also was at least indirectly responsible for determining some of the most influential preconceptions still current today about the basic alternatives within modern philosophy. Reinhold presented his own system only after he had suddenly become famous through his exposition of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (1781, A edition; 1787, B edition). It is often forgotten that the first responses to Kant's long and difficult main work were mixed at best, and that even the influential figures who did not attack the book, such as Mendelssohn and Goethe, made it known that the work was inordinately hard to understand, let alone appropriate. Here Reinhold played a crucial role, for he was not only very sympathetic to Kant's work but also unusually lucid and persuasive in his presentation of it. In setting forth to explain Kant, Reinhold conceded that the Critique had met considerable resistance. While he contended that such resistance rested largely on misunderstandings, Reinhold also believed that the text needed to be reformulated so that its major points would not be obscured by its complex details.
Clarification of the Liberal/Communitarian Debate and Metaphysical Objections to Rawls’s Conception of the Person

In this chapter, I clarify the debate between Rawls and his communitarian critics. I discuss Charles Taylor’s account of the liberal/communitarian debate. I explain in detail Michael Sandel’s argument that Rawls’s commitment to the priority of the right over the good commits him to a conception of persons as “unencumbered selves.” Sandel argues that Rawls is committed to a Kantian conception of persons, which is a kind of “abstract individualism.” This conception of persons, Sandel and Taylor argue, makes trouble for Rawls because it is inconsistent with the fact that persons are “socially constituted.” These arguments, however, fail fully to explain the conception of persons as “socially constituted.” Because Sandel and Taylor do not clearly spell out their objections, this chapter clarifies these arguments. It sets out Sandel’s metaphysical objections explicitly. It also clarifies the “normative objections,” which are supposed to undermine the justificatory role played by Rawls’s political conception of the person. Clarifying these objections reveals the real point of contention between communitarians and Rawls. I suggest that what is at issue is not really Rawls’s political conception of the person, but whether or not the state should promote a good and how to understand the good that the state should promote.
Three First Amendment Puzzles Raised by the Police Union Response to Speech Criticizing Police Conduct in Ferguson and New York City

In December 2014 the St. Louis Police Officers Association called on the NFL to fine five St. Louis Rams players who entered the game against the visiting Oakland Raiders in the “Hands up, don’t shoot” posture. A few days later, Patrick Lynch of the New York Patrolmen’s Benevolent Association threatened a slow down after New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio suggested that his mixed-race son Dante needed to take special care when dealing with the police. In this essay, I conclude that these responses, while formally protected by the First Amendment, are out of character with the tolerant society the First Amendment has created in other areas of American life. In particular, police unions are (i) too ready to jump into free speech controversies, (ii) too sensitive when it comes to insulting speech, and (iii) too wedded to an ineffectual patrolling of false narratives, one more prevalent in Europe, where many countries punish genocide denial, than in the United States, which is much more reluctant to assume speech is harmful merely because it is false. From a broader perspective, these incidents raise questions about the extent to which the First Amendment is genuinely colorblind.
The price of anarchy in competing differentiated services networks

We investigate competition between network providers that offer service to two types of traffic differing in their sensitivity to delay. We first consider competition amongst network providers who offer differentiated services by providing a priority queue for the delay sensitive traffic. We compare this to a situation in which all the competing network providers have network architectures that treat traffic of both types the same way. Our model of competition is Cournot in that service providers choose a rate to offer traffic of each type, and in-turn the total rate offered to each type of traffic determines the price of each traffic type. We are interested in the price of anarchy in these games of competition, which is defined as the ratio of the maximum achievable social utility versus the social utility attained when service providers selfishly maximize profits and reach a Nash equilibrium. We find that the price of anarchy is no more than 4/3 in our model of competing providers who offer differentiated services. In competition with providers that do not offer preferential service to delay sensitive traffic, we find the price of anarchy can be higher than 4/3, and we derive bounds for a number of important cases.
Three-Dimensional Shoe Kinematics During Unexpected Slips: Implications for Shoe–Floor Friction Testing

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS This study described the three-dimensional kinematics of the shoe during slipping and compared them to shoe kinematics specified by standard methods for coefficient of friction testing. At the time of slip initiation, substantially higher sagittal-plane shoe–floor angles and more medial shoe velocity occur than what have previously been reported. These results suggest that standard slip-testing methods should be reexamined so they better align with the state of the shoe when it begins to slip. The incongruence between actual slips and testing methods could lead to shoe designs that perform well during friction testing but are sub-optimal during an actual slip.TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Shoe design is an important component of slip and fall prevention efforts. Evaluating the slip resistance of shoes in a way that is relevant to slipping accidents requires a comprehensive understanding of the shoe biomechanics during slipping. Limitations in previous studies on this topic inclu...
Radiation-Induced Single-Event Effects on the Van Allen Probes Spacecraft

Electronic devices on the Van Allen Probes mission have experienced more than a thousand single-event effects (SEE) during the 4.5 years of transit through the inner and outer earth trapped radiation belts. The majority of these SEE have been due to trapped protons determined by the orbit timing and the dose rate response of the engineering radiation monitor. Fault tolerant systems engineering and spacecraft operation have enabled a successful mission to date without a safe mode or spacecraft emergency.
Gene Discovery for Complex Traits: Lessons from Africa

The genetics of African populations reveals an otherwise "missing layer" of human variation that arose between 100,000 and 5 million years ago. Both the vast number of these ancient variants and the selective pressures they survived yield insights into genes responsible for complex traits in all populations.
How can one optimize induction therapy in AML

Induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia has not changed much since 1973, when the 7 + 3 regimen of cytarabine and daunorubicin was born. Since then, various strategies have been evaluated to improve patient response, including dose intensification, the incorporation of additional agents into the regimen, the development of novel agents, and modified approaches for older patients. Recently, two novel agents, CPX-351 and gemtuzumab ozogamicin, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This review discusses each of the induction strategies and their impact on patient outcomes.
Prognostic value of combining a quantitative image feature from positron emission tomography with clinical factors in oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Background and purpose Oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous condition with few known risk stratification factors. A quantitative imaging feature (QIF) on positron emission tomography (PET), gray-level co-occurrence matrix energy, has been linked with outcome of nonmetastatic NSCLC. We hypothesized that GLCM energy would enhance the ability of models comprising standard clinical prognostic factors (CPFs) to stratify oligometastatic patients based on overall survival (OS). Materials and methods We assessed 79 patients with oligometastatic NSCLC (≤3 metastases) diagnosed in 2007–2015. The primary and largest metastases at diagnosis were delineated on pretreatment scans with GLCM energy extracted using imaging biomarker explorer (IBEX) software. Iterative stepwise elimination feature selection based on the Akaike information criterion identified the optimal model comprising CPFs for predicting OS in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. GLCM energy was tested for improving prediction accuracy. Results Energy was a significant predictor of OS (P = 0.028) in addition to the selected CPFs. The c-indexes for the CPF-only and CPF + Energy models were 0.720 and 0.739. Conclusions Incorporating Energy strengthened a CPF model for predicting OS. These findings support further exploration of QIFs, including markers of the primary tumor vs. those of the metastatic sites.
Asexuality, Queer Chastity, and Adolescence in Early Modern Literature

What if, at least in some cases, representations of early modern chastity and abstinence were about the disinterest itself, as an orientation and practice? This chapter argues that early modern authors used tropes of youth, chastity, and virginity to explore the option of asexuality in their works. When adolescent characters resist or opt out of sex and marriage, that resistance articulates a queer option outside of hetero- and homosexual constructions of sexuality. The existence of asexual adolescent characters in early modern texts (including Shakespeare’s “Venus and Adonis” and Merry Wives of Windsor and Brome’s The Antipodes) presents the possibility of sexual preference and practice that, by its very definition, undermines the assumption that sexual desire is natural and biologically inevitable.
Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in the Adrenal Medulla and the Neurohypophysis: Cellular Mechanisms of Release of Catecholamines and Posterior Pituitary Hormones

One of the most fascinating problems in the field of secretion concerns the nature of regulation of release of the secretory products. How, it may be asked, is a particular cell made to secrete at the appropriate time ? What, indeed, are the cellular events that are initiated on stimulation, and how do these lead to the extrusion of the secretory product ? To these questions, which may be embraced by the term “Stimulus-Secretion Coupling” (Douglas, and Rubin, 1961a), only partial answers can be given. We know, of course, that most secreting cells are under chemical control. Where the cells receive a secretomotor supply the chemical stimulant (secretagogue) is a neurohumor. Where such nerves are absent, the chemical stimulant is a hormone or “releasing factor”. This much is clear; and we have even a fair amount of information on the chemical identity of the various secretagogues. Very little information, however, is available to tell us how these chemical stimuli act at the cellular level. Moreover, the secretory process itself which these stimuli initiate, is usually ill-defined. Most evidence we possess on this particular point derives from histological studies on fixed material which, all too often, allows for a variety of interpretations.
Advances in Creep Mechanics

A review is made of the advances which have been made in creep mechanics in the last decade. Both deformation and failure are considered and an attempt has been made to indicate the influences that the recent advances have had on the development of design rules.
ECMO indications and complications.

Widely adopted while prospective validation was still under way, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is now a clinically established treatment for reversing neonatal respiratory failure. The technique's accomplishments are impressive—83% survival in conditions otherwise associated with 80% mortality—but its problems include significant handicap in 20% of treated survivors.
Mechanism of Action of the Cytolytic Toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis

The cytolytic toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and B. t. morrisoni are inactivated by aqueous suspensions of dioleolyl phosphatidylcholine, indicating the involvement of phospholipids in the cytotoxic action of these toxins. Using phospholipases as probes it was shown that phospholipase D does not alter erythrocyte susceptibility to lysis by the toxin, while phospholipase A2-treated erythrocytes were less susceptible to lysis by the toxin, and these erythrocytes also bound less 125I-25kDa toxin. However, phospholipase A2-treated erythrocytes are more susceptible when treated with Triton X-100. Therefore the cytolytic toxin apparently does not act as a non-specific detergent, but rather interacts with phospholipid receptors on the cell membrane.
LOCAL SPANNING MISSING LOOPS

Publisher Summary Burgees showed that a 2-sphere in E 3 is flat if it can be locally spanned in its complementary domains. The definition was then modified and special cases were solved by Burgess and Loveland. This chapter presents special cases such as local spanning missing loops. This essentially says that if in each neighborhood of each point on the 2-sphere the spanning disks may be chosen to miss small loops in these neighborhoods, then the 2-sphere is flat. If Σ is a 2-sphere in E 3 which can be loally spanned in the component U of E 3 -Σ missing loops, then Σ is tame from U.
Blood, Race, and National Identity: Scientific and Popular Discourses

This essay examines the symbolic significance of blood in the twentieth century and its role in determining the composition of a national community along racial lines. By drawing parallels between Nazi notions of blood and racial purity and historically contemporaneous U.S. policies regarding blood and blood products, Polsky reveals a disturbing proximity in discourse and policy. While the Nazis attempted to locate Jewish racial essence and inferiority in blood and instituted eugenic measures and laws forbidding racial admixture, similar policies existed in the U.S. based on the so-called “one drop rule” that systematically discriminated against African Americans.
Should the Basket Be Lowered for Young Participants

(1979). Should the Basket be Lowered for Young Participants? Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 66-67.
Abstract 3514: Differential metabolic targeting of PDAC cells with Zaprinast

Many pancreatic cancers consume excessive glutamine as a preferable source for anaplerosis, maintenance of proper redox state, and synthesis of intermediates for cancer cell growth and proliferation. Abrogating glutamine metabolism is under investigation to inhibit the proliferation/ growth of glutamine-addicted cancers. In addition, inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC1) can potentially induce cancer cells to become more dependent on glutaminolysis. In this regard, Zaprinast, originally developed as a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has recently been identified as an inhibitor of both glutaminase as well as MPC1. We compared the growth inhibition effect of Zaprinast against BPTES, a targeted glutaminase inhibitor, and UK5099, a targeted MPC1 inhibitor, as well as the combination of BPTES and UK5099. Using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, KRAS mutant (Mia Paca2) and KRAS wildtype (Panc03.27), KRAS mutant neuroendocrine (QGP1), and normal pancreatic epithelial cells (HPNE), Zaprinast alone showed more potent growth inhibition in all tested cells lines than single agent treatment with BPTES or UK5099. Further, Zaprinast effectively depleted mitochondrial reserve respiratory capacity similar to UK5099, rendering mitochondria more vulnerable to oxidative stress or pharmacological inhibitors targeting the electron transport chain. In addition, Zaprinast treatment of cancer cells differentially elevated ROS levels greater than 10-fold compared to normal HPNE cells (ROS levels: Mia Paca2 ~ Panc03.27 > QGP1 > HPNE). However, the increase in ROS levels did not correlate with Zaprinast-induced growth inhibition (IC50: Mia Paca2=300 µM, Panc03.27=110 µM, HPNE=650 µM, QGP1 >1 mM). Although Zaprinast-induced growth inhibition was selective toward adenocarcinoma cells but not the neuroendocrine subtype, the selective Zaprinast-induced elevation of ROS levels toward all cancer subtypes renders possibilities for potential synthetic lethality when combined with other metabolic inhibitors. Citation Format: Yi Rao, Seth Gammon, David Piwnica-Worms. Differential metabolic targeting of PDAC cells with Zaprinast [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3514.
Efficient oligomerization of negatively-charged beta-amino acids at -20 degrees C.

This paper describes a procedure, known as eutectic concentration, used to concentrate an aqueous solution by cooling. Using a water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, the researchers were able to accelerate the rate of polymerization of beta-amino acids when the solution was cooled to -20 degrees C. Different temperatures and solution concentrations were investigated to determine which gave the most efficient rates of polymerization. The effect of sodium chloride on the products of the reaction was also studied.
Power Measurement and Modulization in the Network Protocol Independent Performance Evaluator (NetPIPE)

4 Introduction 4 Materials and Methods 6 Results 12 Discussion and Conclusion 18 Acknowledgments 25 Bibliography 26
Inhalation exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes alters the pulmonary allergic response of mice to house dust mite allergen

AbstractBackground: Increasing evidence from rodent studies indicates that inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have harmful effects on the lungs. In this study, we examined the effects o...
A review of mobility management entity in LTE networks: Power consumption and signaling overhead

Summary Mobility management (MM) in Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) networks is a vital process to keep an individual User Equipment (UE) connected while moving within the network coverage area. MM Entit...
Human and Organizational Factors of Positive Train Control Safety System The Application of High Reliability Organizing in Railroad

On August 20, 1969, two Penn Central commuter trains collided head-on near Darien, Connecticut, killing four and injuring 43. That tragedy 45 years ago began the NTSB's call for development and imp...
283 – Peptidase T

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the activity, specificity and structural chemistry of peptidase T. Peptidase T removes the N-terminal amino acid from a variety of tripeptides. Peptidase T can be assayed conveniently by analysis of reaction mixtures derivatized with trinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride. Met-Gly-Gly has been used for this purpose but other substrates should work equally well. The enzyme is active at pH 7.5 crude extracts after electrophoresis in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels using a coupled peptidase activity stain. In crude extracts and with purified S. typhimurium PepT, activity is stimulated by low levels of Zn2+ and inhibited by high levels. Activity is also stimulated to a lesser degree by Mn2+. Mg2+ and Co2+ neither stimulate nor inhibit S. typhimurium PepT. Peptidase T presumably contains a tightly bound divalent cation because it can be purified in active form using buffers which do not contain metal ions. The identity of this ion has not been determined. The S. typhimurium pepT gene has two promoters: one allows low-level, constitutive expression under aerobic growth conditions and the other allows high-level, Fnr-dependent expression under anaerobic conditions. Fnr is a transcriptional regulator required for high-level transcription of nitrate reductase, fumarate reductase and other genes involved in anaerobic respiratory pathways.
Properties of the Appell–Lerch function (I)

A number of equations involving the Appell–Lerch function, $$ \mu $$ , are derived. Emphasis is placed on equations which are analogous to certain linear relations which exist between theta functions, as well as equations which make explicit the symmetry $$ \mu (x,y) = \mu (y,x) $$ . Two classical formulae which appear in the work of Halphen and Lerch are examined in relation to the more recent work of McIntosh and that of Zagier. Four proofs of Halphen’s formula are presented. A related bibasic series is then considered and a result is obtained which generalizes some double series expansions, originally due to Garvan, for the universal mock theta functions.
Effects of Protonation State on Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction by a Cobalt Aminopyridine Macrocyclic Complex.

A critical component in the reduction of CO2 to CO and H2O is the delivery of 2 equiv of protons and electrons to the CO2 molecule. The timing and sequencing of these proton and electron transfer steps are essential factors in directing the activity and selectivity for catalytic CO2 reduction. In previous studies, we have reported a series of macrocyclic aminopyridine cobalt complexes capable of reducing CO2 to CO with high faradaic efficiencies. Kinetic investigations reveal a relationship between the observed rate constant (kobs) and the number of pendant amine hydrogen bond donors minus one, suggesting the presence of a deprotonated active catalytic state. Herein, we investigate the feasibility of these proposed deprotonated complexes toward CO2 reduction. Two deprotonated derivatives, Co(L4-) and Co(L2-), of the tetraamino macrocycle Co(L) were independently synthesized and structurally characterized revealing extensive delocalization of the negative charge upon deprotonation. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible titration studies confirm that under catalytic conditions, the active form of the catalyst gradually becomes deprotonated, supporting thus the ndonor - 1 relationship with kobs. Electrochemical studies of Co(L4-) reveal that this deprotonated analogue is competent for electrocatalysis upon addition of an exogenous weak acid source, such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, resulting in faradaic efficiencies for CO2-to-CO conversion identical to those observed with the fully protonated derivative (>98%).
A Review of Forensic Science—Scientific Investigation in Criminal Justice

This book is a compilation of the best articles by prominent authorities, both living and dead, who over the years covered the role of forensic sciences in the many phases of the criminal justice system.
Collision strengths for dipole-allowed transitions in S II

Calculations of collision strengths for electron-impact excitations of S II from the ground state 3p3 4S0 to excited states 3p4 4P, 3d 4F, 3d 4D, 4s 4P, and 3d 4P were carried out using the R-matrix code described by Berrington et al. (1978) and the NIEM code described by Henry et al. (1981). Results are presented for the thermally averaged collision strengths for the five-state and six-state calculations. Convergence behaviors were examined by comparison with the six-state calculations and the previously obtained two-state calculations. Uncertainties for these transitions were estimated to be within 20 percent, except for the 4S0 - 3p4 4P transition in which a 40 percent uncertainty was estimated.
ADR and a Smile: Neocolonialism and the West's Newest Export in Africa

In 1971, Coca-Cola released an advertisement that took America by storm. What was originally a jingle, “I’d Like to Teach the World to Sing,” reached number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 Music Charts, and the images of faces from around the globe, standing together “in perfect harmony” while holding Coca-Cola bottles, brought smiles to millions. However, not everyone bought into the pleasant unity Coca-Cola claimed to promote. After World War II, the growing presence of American businesses and products around the world brought about the term cocacolonization—a word used to describe what seemed to be the inexorable extinguishment of local, indigenous cultures for a global one dominated by the West, and particularly the United States.
Flexible access control using IPC redirection

We present a mechanism for inter-process communication (IPC) redirection that enables efficient and flexible access control for micro-kernel systems. In such systems, services are implemented at user level, so IPC is the only means of communication between them. Thus, the system must be able to mediate IPCs to enforce its access control policy. Such mediation must enable enforcement of security policy with as little performance overhead as possible, but current mechanisms either: (1) place significant access control functionality in the kernel which increases IPC cost or (2) are static and require more IPCs than necessary to enforce access control. We define an IPC redirection mechanism that makes two improvements: (1) it removes the management of redirection policy from the kernel, so access control enforcement can be implemented outside the kernel; and (2) it separates the notion of who controls the redirection policy from the redirections themselves, so redirections can be configured arbitrarily and dynamically. We define our redirection mechanism, demonstrate its use, and examine possible efficient implementations.
Novel monitoring of Antarctic ice shelf basal melting using a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing mooring

Measuring basal melting of ice shelves is challenging and represents a critical component toward understanding ocean-ice interactions and climate change. In November 2011, moorings containing fiber-optic cables for distributed temperature sensing (DTS) were installed through the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, (~200 m) and extending ~600 m into the ice shelf cavity. The high spatial resolution of DTS allows for transient monitoring of the thermal gradient within the ice shelf. The gradient near the ice-ocean interface is extrapolated to the in situ freezing temperature in order to continuously track the ice-ocean interface. Seasonal melt rates are calculated to be ~1.0 mm d−1 and 8.6 mm d−1, and maximum melting corresponds to the arrival of seasonal warm surface water in the ice shelf cavity between January and April. The development of continuous, surface-based techniques for measuring basal melting represents a significant advance in monitoring ice shelf stability and ice-ocean interactions.
First-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction: Acute and persistent psychologic reactions

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine acute and persistent psychologic impacts of multifetal pregnancy reductions andpatients' ability to cope with fetal loss while simultaneously bonding to surviving infants. STUDY DESIGN: The first 100 women to undergo a multifetal reduction were invited to participate in a retrospective telephone study assessing their emotional reactions and attitudes toward multifetal reduction. The semistructured interview elicited demographic and obstetric data and contianed scales used in previous studies of reproductive loss, which assessed repetitive thoughts about reduced fetuses, catastrophic fears, and lingering depressive feelings. RESULTS: More than 65% of the sample recalled acute feelings of emotional pain, stress, and fear during the reduction procedure. Mourning for the lost fetuses was reported by 70% of women, but most grieved for only 1 month. Thoughts about reduced fetuses occurred moderately frequently after the reduction but rarely at follow-up. Persistent depressive symptoms were mild, although moderately severe levels of sadness and guilt continued for many. Nonetheless, 93% wold make the same decision again. Emotional reactions of patients who miscarried differed little. The small subsample who continued to be most affected were younger ( p p p CONCLUSIONS: Multifetal reductions, although highly stressful psychologically, are well tolerated. Sadness and guilt may persist, especially for an identifiable subgroup. Normal maternal bonding and achievement of parenthood goals facilitate grief resolution. The large majority were reconciled to the termination of some fetuses to preserve the lives of a remaining few.