cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex dilemmas of identity and practice

Identity is a complex construct, yet extremely important if we wish to understand the practice of teaching as a profession. In this paper, we examine the ways two middle school teachers talk about their identity and teaching practices and coordinate these self-reports with our own observations of how they implement a new environmental science curriculum. More specifically, we compare the teachers' beliefs about learning, goals for the classroom community and for instruction, and their knowledge of science content, and pedagogy. Furthermore, we discuss teaching dilemmas, which arise for these teachers as their identities and practices intersect and at times conflict. We argue, however, that a focus on practice and outcomes is an important, but limited aspect of what we, as a field, need to consider when attempting to understand the complexities of teaching and learning. Therefore, we continue to expand our understanding of two science classrooms as we examine the teachers' multiple identities in relation to their implementation of a science curriculum. The identity portraits from this study provide a rich and complicated account of the implementation of a science curriculum and illuminate a number of potential obstacles and pitfalls, which may inform the way we as a field reflect on curriculum and professional development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed90:68–93, 2006
Effect of protease inhibitors on albumin secretion in hepatoma cells

Abstract Albumin biosynthesis and secretion have been studied in hepatoma cell cultures. The “in vivo” addition of the protease inhibitors antipain or leupeptin caused a fifty per cent reduction in the secretion of albumin without any effect on the total protein synthesis. Pulse and chase experiments in the absence or presence of protease inhibitors have also shown that these substances decrease markedly the rate of albumin secretion.
On the Analysis of Viscoelastic Materials for Active Constrained Layer Damping Treatments

Abstract This paper is concerned with the investigations of viscoelastic material (VEM) effects on active constrained layer (ACL) based structures. Specific interests are on how the VEM parameters will influence the passive damping ability, the active action authority, and their combined effect in an ACL configuration. Using a beam example, the study has identified the VEM parameter regions that will provide the best active–passive hybrid actions. The results of this research can be used to develop guidelines to synthesize ACL structures that will outperform both the purely passive and active systems.
Chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia chromosome‐negative metaphases appearing during imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase

BACKGROUND Anecdotal cases of chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative metaphases have been reported in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase during treatment with interferon and, more recently, with imatinib. This phenomenon is different from true clonal evolution in that the additional cytogenetic abnormality occurs in Ph-negative cells. METHODS The authors analyzed their experience with 342 patients with CML in chronic phase treated with imatinib to investigate the frequency and significance of this event. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 30 months (range, 16–35 months), 21 patients (6%; 95% confidence interval, 0.04, 0.09) developed 25 chromosomal abnormalities in Ph-negative cells. Thirteen (54%) of these abnormalities were seen in 2 or more metaphases. The median time from the start of treatment with imatinib to the appearance of the abnormalities was 6 months (range, 3–22 months). The most common cytogenetic abnormality detected was trisomy 8 (33%). Twenty of 21 patients (95%) achieved a major (Ph < 35%) cytogenetic response (complete cytogenetic response in 13–62%). After a median follow-up of 22 months (range, 4–33 months), all 21 patients were alive, 20 of them in chronic phase and in complete hematologic response. None of the patients showed features of myelodysplasia. CONCLUSIONS Cytogenetic abnormalities occur in Ph-negative cells in a fraction of patients with CML in chronic phase treated with imatinib. With a short follow-up, no clear clinical consequences can be identified. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Delay of chromosome rejoining in Vicia faba induced by irradiation.

I HAVE shown1 that fractionation of X-ray dosage administered to seeds of Vicia faba soaked in water causes no decrease in the number of two-hit chromosomal aberrations. However, with additional soaking in the protective agent, 2,3-dimercapto-propanol (BAL), previous to irradiation, a decrease is achieved on dosage fractionation. In order to further the understanding of this phenomenon, the following dosage-intensity experiments were performed. A constant dosage of 600 r. of 250 kVp. X-rays was administered in 3-min., 1-hr., 2-hr. and 3-hr. periods. The numbers of ring and dicentric chromosomes in 300 metaphase plates of the X-1 root-tip division were scored at each intensity.
The determination of a one year mean sea surface height track from Geosat altimeter data and ocean variability implications

Results are presented for determinations of mean sea surface along a reference Geosat altimeter tracking, using Geosat data from the first year of the exact repeat mission (ERM) and improved orbits. The results were used to study the time variability of the ocean surface, and a map was constructed of the major current structure. The data included 21 complete and one incomplete ERMs, with the sea surface heights being referenced to the single reference track through the application of geoid gradient corrections. This Geosat surface can be used as a reference surface to which other altimeter data could be incorporated; the data could then be used for the recovery of geoid undulations and gravity anomalies in the ocean areas.
Preview of Coming Attractions

This PDF file contains the editorial “Preview of Coming Attractions” for OE Vol. 36 Issue 09
Spatial Orientation Skill and Mathematical Problem Solving.

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of spatial orientation skill in the solution of mathematics problems. Fifty-seven tenth-grade students who scored high or low on a spatial orientation test were asked to solve mathematics problems in individual interviews. A group of specific behaviors was identified in geometric settings, which appeared to be manifestations of spatial orientation skill. Spatial orientation skill also appeared to be involved in understanding the problem and linking new problems to previous work in nongeometric settings.
Optic Disc Neovascularization of Uveal (Choroidal or Posterior Ciliary) Origin

• Fluorescein angiography during the choroidal phase of perfusion has been used to study the origin of blood vessels comprising neovascular tissue of the disc. These newly formed vessels were shown to derive their blood supply primarily from the uveal circulation rather than from the retinal circulation. This is related to the observation that many normal disc blood vessels originate from the choroidal or posterior ciliary circulation. ( Arch Ophthalmol 95:998-1003, 1977)
Genitourinary Injuries in Pediatric All-terrain Vehicle Trauma—A Mechanistic Relationship?

OBJECTIVES To define and discuss the characteristics of all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related pediatric (<16 years) genitourinary (GU) trauma. ATV collisions represent a significant and growing portion of trauma cases in rural America. ATV-related renal injuries have been reported in adults but a comprehensive review of ATV-related pediatric GU trauma cases is needed. METHODS A retrospective analysis of admissions to 2 trauma centers in Kentucky between 1997 and 2007 was performed, identifying youth who presented with ATV-related GU injuries. Demographics, injury data, and treatment records for children with GU trauma in this study population were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 429 youth were admitted after ATV injuries during the study period. Of these, 13 (7 boys, 6 girls) had GU injuries (3%) and the average age was 10.7 years. Of 13 patients, 12 (92%) were unhelmeted and the mean injury severity score was 10.3. Twelve of 13 (92%) suffered renal injuries (7 contusions, 5 lacerations) and 1 (8%) had an extraperitoneal bladder rupture. Renal lacerations were grade I-V. Hematuria was very common (10/12, 83%) and intensive care unit care was required in 5 of 12 (42%) patients. Mean length of stay was 5 days and 12 of 13 (92%) were discharged home. The most common associated injury was splenic laceration (4/13, 31%). CONCLUSIONS GU trauma in ATV-injured youth is uncommon but when it occurs, renal injuries predominate. Most present with hematuria. Prevalence of renal trauma among GU injuries in children suggests a unique injury mechanism (crush during ATV roll or strike of the handlebars) and more study of injury mechanics is warranted. A high index of suspicion is warranted in evaluating these children.
The effect of pressure and B-cation size on the crystal structure of CsBF3 compounds (B=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg)

Abstract The compounds CsBF3, B = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, occur with four related structures that are known, in other compounds, to transform into one another with increasing pressure. In this paper a phase diagram is presented showing the combined effect of pressure and B-cation size on the occurrence of these related structures. These structures have different proportions of cubic and hexagonal stacking of close-packed CsF3 layers, and in all cases the proportion of cubic stacking increased with both pressure and B-cation size. This result is shown to be consistent with a stabilization mechanism for the intermediate structures involving displacement by electrostatic forces of the B cations from the centers of symmetry of their interstices. The high-pressure phases, identified by powder X-ray diffraction, were retained by quenching from 700C to room temperature before reducing the pressure. The transition pressures were relatively insensitive to preparation temperature. The retained phases required heating to 200–500C for a sluggish retransformation to their atmospheric-pressure form.
Generating Hamiltonian circuits without backtracking from errors

We describe research on the problem of generating multiple closed tours of an m i? n chessboard by a knight, subject to the constraint that the search scheme used to solve the problem is nonbacktracking; i.e. that the search engine never visits a node in the search tree that will ultimately lead to a dead end. We describe our experiences and results in the context ofKTC (Knight's Tour, Chess), a search program developed to undertake this task. We describe the implementation ofktc and the search constraints we discovered, which apply to all Hamiltonian circuit graph search problems. We discussKTC's performance to date, illustrating that a limited amount of domain knowledge can lead to near-perfect search on this class of Hamiltonian circuit construction problems. We close by suggesting promising directions for achieving a perfect search on this problem and the implications of such an achievement.
3-D Inversion of Electromagnetic Data Based On the Quasi-analytical Approximation For Inhomogeneous Background Conductivity

The traditional implementation of the integral equation (IE) methods for three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic (EM) modeling and inversion requires the background model to be horizontally layered. Any deviations from that model must be treated as inhomogeneous inclusions. Practically, this can be very limiting when attempting to solve those 3-D inverse problems where the background model is known to be inhomogeneous. To overcome this problem, we have extended the IE method for 3-D EM modeling to include an inhomogeneous background conductivity distribution and applied this to rapid 3-D inversion based on the quasi-analytical (QA) approximation. We demonstrate this technique on the 3-D inversion of synthetic EM data.
Tree mortality rates and longevity in mature and old‐growth hemlock‐hardwood forests

Summary 1Efforts to understand and forecast long-term forest dynamics are often hindered by limited data on mortality rates and longevity of trees in older stands. In this study, mortality data were analysed from 11-year permanent plot records in 10 tracts of hemlock-hardwood forest with little past human disturbance in the upper Great Lakes region, USA. 2We compared tree size-mortality trends in mature stands (canopy trees mostly 100–170 years old) with those in true old-growth stands (canopy trees mostly 200–350 years old). Stem sections were also cut from 71 recently fallen trees to determine average and maximum longevity for canopy trees of each species. 3All five mature stands had descending monotonic size-mortality trends for shade-tolerant species, with low rates of mortality (generally much less than 1% per year) for trees > 18 cm d.b.h. In contrast, all five old-growth stands had U-shaped mortality functions, with annual mortality rates of 1.5–2.9% for trees > 66 cm d.b.h. These size-mortality trends are biologically consistent with ‘rotated sigmoid’ size distributions observed for major species, although mortality rates were nearly size-invariant for trees between 18 and 66 cm d.b.h. 4Both late-successional and gap-phase species had fairly high mortality rates for saplings (2–10 cm d.b.h.) of 25–34% over the 11-year period, which suggests that size distributions with moderately steep negative slopes are needed to compensate for mortality and ensure population sustainability. 5Average age at time of death for canopy trees was 216 years for sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and 301 years for hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), suggesting that the biological transition from mature to old-growth forest probably doesn’t occur on these sites until a stand age of about 180–250 years.
Failure analysis of the space shuttle Columbia RCC leading edge

Failure analysis of the Columbia shuttle left T-seal 9 and an unidentified fragment of leading edge reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) composite material was carried out to determine the causes of failure. Standard metallographic and microscopy procedures were employed to identify and characterize the failure mode. The results indicate that erosion and cracking occurred. Erosion was caused by the extreme temperatures and stress conditions experienced during the shuttle breakup in the upper atmosphere. Porosity, glassy phase, pinholes, and cracking in the silicon carbide (SiC) layer of the RCC material accelerated erosion and mass loss. Brittle cracking was also found in the SiC layer, and crack propagation was apparently enhanced by the flaws in the microstructure.
Probing the role of a conserved salt bridge in the intramolecular electron transfer kinetics of human sulfite oxidase

Sulfite oxidase (SO) is a vital metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of toxic sulfite to sulfate. The proposed mechanism of this molybdenum cofactor dependent enzyme involves two one-electron intramolecular electron transfer (IET) steps from the molybdenum center to the iron of the b5-type heme and two one-electron intermolecular electron transfer steps from the heme to cytochrome c. This work focuses on how the electrostatic interaction between two conserved amino acid residues, R472 and D342, in human SO (hSO) affects catalysis. The hSO variants R472M, R472Q, R472K, R472D, and D342K were created to probe the effect of the position of the salt bridge charges, along with the interaction between these two residues. With the exception of R472K, these variants all showed a significant decrease in their IET rate constants, ket, relative to wild-type hSO, indicating that the salt bridge between residues 472 and 342 is important for rapid IET. Surprisingly, however, except for R472K and R472D, all of the variants show kcat values higher than their corresponding ket values. The turnover number for R472D is about the same as ket, which suggests that the change in this variant is rate-limiting in catalysis. Direct spectroelectrochemical determination of the Fe(III/II) reduction potentials of the heme and calculation of the Mo(VI/V) potentials revealed that all of the variants affected the redox potentials of both metal centers, probably due to changes in their environments. Thus, the position of the positive charge of R472 and that of the negative charge of D342 are both important in hSO, and changing either the position or the nature of these charges perturbs IET and catalysis.
Molecular cloning of the myelin basic proteins in the shark, Squalus acanthias, and the ray, Raja erinacia

Myelin basic proteins (MBPs) are a family of alternatively spliced isoforms present in myelin sheaths of most vertebrates. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach was used to clone MBP isoforms in species representing two superorders of elasmobranchs: Squalus acanthias, representing Squalomorph sharks, and Raja erinacia, representing Batoidea rays. Two products were generated from each species. The larger product encoded a 155 amino acid protein, the same size as MBPs from two Galeomorph sharks, Heterodontus francisci and Carcharhinus obscurus, which, based upon alignment with other vertebrate MBPs, contained six of the seven MBP exons; only exon II was absent. The smaller product encoded a 141 amino acid protein that lacked exon II and exon V. There were 26 and 30 nucleotide differences between Squalus and Heterodontus, and Raja and Heterodontus, respectively. Sequences from Squalus and Raja were far more similar, having only five nucleotide differences. Both isoforms of elasmobranch MBP contain 18.5% basic (lysine plus arginine) amino acids, compared with 17.5% in mammalian MBPs comprised of the corresponding exons. Northern blot analysis of whole brain total RNA revealed a single band of 2.5 kb in Squalus, and three bands of 1.2, 1.4, and 2.3 kb in Raja. The finding that MBPs of a Squalomorph shark and a Batoidea ray are closer to one another than either is to the Galeomorph sharks suggests that MBP sequence information may prove useful in classifying modern day Chondrichthytes. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of glare angle on the brightness function for a small target.

Abstract The effect of a small, intense glare source (118 dB) on the brightness of a small target was measured as a function of glare angle and target luminance. Using an interocular matching procedure the observer adjusted the brightness of a match field (seen by the right eye) to equal the depressed brightness of the target under the influence of the glare (seen by the left eye). Glare angle was varied from 13.2 to 274 min. Target luminance was varied from 58 to 93 dB relative to 10−10 Lambert. For all target luminances, the apparent brightness of the target was shown to be directly related to the logarithm of the glare angle. At a given glare angle the brightness grows as a power function of the luminance, and the exponent of the power function is largest when the glare angle is smallest. In double logarithmic coordinates the functions relating the luminance of the match field to that of an equally bright target become straight lines that converge at a common point, equal to the luminance of the glare (118 dB).
Context-Dependent Codon Bias and Messenger RNA Longevity in the Yeast Transcriptome

Context-dependent codon bias and its relationship with messenger RNA (mRNA) longevity was examined in 4,648 mRNA transcripts of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptome for which mRNA half-lives have been empirically determined. Surprisingly, rare codon usage (codons used <13 times per 1,000 codons in the genome) increased with mRNA half-life. However, it is shown that this pattern was not due to preference for rare codon use within codon families containing both rare and nonrare codons. Rather, the pattern was due to an increase in the frequency of amino acids encoded solely by rare codons, and a decrease in the frequency of amino acids never encoded by rare codons, with mRNA half-life. When standardized by open reading frame length, the use of consecutive rare codons was also positively correlated with mRNA half-life. There was negative correlation between the usage of synonymous A|T dinucleotides spanning codon boundaries and mRNA half-life, despite the fact that the frequency of AT dinucleotide usage overall, and AT dinucleotide usage at other codon position contexts (e.g., 1-2, 2-3, or 3|1 total), was not correlated with mRNA half-life. The use of A|T dinucleotides at synonymous dicodon boundaries could potentially allow for more efficient 3'-5' degradation by endonucleolytic cleavage.
Lithography aware critical area estimation and yield analysis

Advancing technology nodes have increased the impact of lithography variation on design yield and performance. Although lithographic distortion is emerging as the dominant mode of failure, particulate defect still remains an important source of defect. In this work, we present a novel critical area analysis technique that deals with non-deterministic line edges that arise due to statistical lithography variations. Previous critical area analysis techniques are based on fixed printed structures with variable defect sizes. The proposed solution integrates lithographic variations within critical area analysis, using available tools while keeping the computational complexity in check. The key optimizations include weighted stratified sampling of important lithographic parameters and Monte Carlo based Probability of Failure (POF) calculation that is scalable to large chips. Simulation results on ISCAS benchmarks show that inclusion of lithography induced physical variations can increase critical area by as much as 2X, while overall yield due to particulate defects in large designs may decrease by more than 5%; validating both the need for an integrated solution and its feasibility on large designs.
Surface roughening under ion bombardment

Abstract Ion bombardment can cause roughening of a surface. Inadequate step coverage and poor adhesion of films on such surfaces are of concern. An extreme case of surface roughening results in cone formation under ion bombardment. The results of the investigation, using scanning electron microscopy, will be discussed in terms of the role of (a) embedded particles, (b) impurities and (c) surface migration in cone formation on the target surface.
Adaptive algorithms for maximizing overall stock return

Deciding which stocks to purchase and how to optimally allocate the total investment among them is a nontrivial task for every investor. In this article, we propose two adaptive techniques that would provide an optimal allocation maximizing the return over the investment period. The first approach is the adaptive power method (PM) which is a modification of the proper orthogonal decomposition method. The adaptive PM uses only the currently available information to compute the optimal allocations, yet its long-term solution approaches the dominant eigen solution, even though that solution would require having a priori knowledge of all stocks’ performance. The second approach is derived from the well-known Least Mean Square (LMS) method, where the optimal allocation can be computed by adaptively steering the overall return toward a desired value. The experimental results have indicated promising gains even when the general market trend is downward.
The stacking-fault energy in the Ag-In series

Abstract The intrinsic stacking-fault energy has been determined in the Ag-In series using extended nodes, from pure silver to Ag-12.5 wt. % In (e/a = 1.23). The present results show that the stacking-fault energy is insensitive to alloying up to e/a ≁ 1.04, after which it decreases with increasing solute content. Extrinsic faulting has been observed throughout the alloy series including pure silver and in all cases the extrinsic and intrinsic stackingfault energies are approximately equal. Following high temperature annealing treatments, the effective stacking-fault energy in high solute content alloys is observed to increase irreversibly, suggesting the presence of a solute impedance force at room temperature.
Physiography of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and implications about continental margin development

Abstract Combined EM-300 multibeam bathymetric data and satellite photography reveal the physiography of the continental margin between 35°50′ and 37°03′N and from the shoreline west of 122°40′ and 122°37′W, which includes Monterey Bay, in a previously unprecedented detail. Patterns in these images clearly reveal the processes that are actively influencing the current geomorphology of the Monterey Bay region, including the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS). Our data indicates that seafloor physiography within the MBNMS results from plate margin tectonic deformation, including uplift and erosion along structural lineaments, and from fluid flow. Mass wasting is the dominant process active within the Ascension–Monterey and Sur–Partington submarine canyon systems and along the lower slopes. Meanders, slump dams, and constricted channels within the submarine canyons, especially within Monterey Canyon, slow and interrupt down-canyon sediment transport. We have identified for the first time thin sediment flows, rotational slumps, rills, depressions that may be associated with pipes, and other fluid-induced features we call ‘scallops’ off the Ascension slope, and suggest that fluid flow has sculptured the seafloor morphologies here. These unusual seafloor morphologies are similar to morphologies found in terrestrial areas modified by ground-water flow.
Determination of Phospholipid Fractions in Red Blood Cells in Retarded Physically Handicapped Children

Phospholipids from the red cells of 85 children, both normal and belonging to various clinical groups, have been extracted and subjected to silica gel chromatography. The several phospholipids have been quantitated. The results have not proved to be useful in diagnosis and hence do not confirm earlier reports. The problems associated with analysis of phospholipids by this type of method are discussed.
A Comprehensive Care Program for Pregnant Addicts: Obstetrical, Neonatal, and Child Development Outcomes

This study reports the results of a comprehensive care program for pregnant addicts, one that provides medical, counseling, and child development services. Findings include the following. Women who enroll while pregnant generally stay through childbirth, and most deliveries are free of complication. Most newborns are of normal gestational age and birthweight, and these outcomes are directly related to length and amount of prenatal care. Neonatal withdrawal is directly related to prenatal maternal methadone dose. Child development, as measured by the Bayley Scales, is usually in the normal range, although mean scores for cognitive development decrease through age 2. Female babies generally have higher cognitive and motor scores than males, and their cognitive scores decline less sharply than those of the males. Developmental scores are directly related to neonatal maturity, especially birthweight. Prenatal maternal methadone dose tends to be negatively related to developmental scores for boys but not for girls.
Chemistry and pharmacological evaluation of 1-phenyl-2-propanols and 1-phenyl-2-propanones.

Various ring-methoxylated 1-phenyl-2-propanols and 1-phenyl-2-propanones were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. Most compounds had depressantlike activity. The ketones were readily reduced by rabbit liver microsomes. No reductase activity was found in rat and mouse liver preparations. Partition coefficients were determined, and a linear correlation between LRA50′s (loss of righting ability in 50% of the mice) and partition coefficients was observed for six of the compounds investigated.
Drinking from the firehose of scientific publishing

The fundamental question is this: can the wisdom of crowds be exploited to post-filter the literature?
Stochastic road shape estimation

We describe a new system for estimating road shape ahead of a vehicle for the purpose of driver assistance. The method utilises a single on board colour camera, together with inertial and velocity information, to estimate both the position of the host car with respect to the lane it is following and also the width and curvature of the lane ahead at distances of up to 80 metres. The system's image processing extracts a variety of different styles of lane markings from road imagery, and is able to compensate for a range of lighting conditions. Road shape and car position are estimated using a particle filter. The system, which runs at 10.5 frames per second, has been applied with some success to several hours' worth of data captured from highways under varying imaging conditions.
Cytotoxic T-cells as imaging probes for detecting glioma

Tumor vaccination using tumor-associated antigen-primed dendritic cells (DCs) is in clinical trials. Investigators are using patients’ own immune systems to activate T-cells against recurrent or metastatic tumors. Following vaccination of DCs or attenuated tumor cells, clinical as well as radiological improvements have been noted due to migration and accumulation of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs). CTLs mediated tumor cell killing resulted in extended survival in clinical trails and in preclinical models. Besides administration of primed DCs or attenuated or killed tumors cells to initiate the generation of CTLs, investigators have started making genetically altered T-cells (CTLs) to target specific tumors and showed in vivo migration and accumulation in the implanted or recurrent tumors using different imaging modalities. Our groups have also showed the utilization of both in vivo and in vitro techniques to make CTLs against glioma and used them as imaging probes to determine the sites of tumors. In this short review, the current status of vaccination therapy against glioma and utilization of CTLs as in vivo imaging probes to determine the sites of tumors and differentiate recurrent glioma from radiation necrosis will be discussed.
Cluster miss prediction for instruction caches in embedded networking applications

In this paper, we describe a new method of instruction prefetching that reduces the cache miss penalty by anticipating the cache behavior based on previous execution. Our observations indicate that instruction cache misses often repeat in clusters under certain conditions prevalent in real time embedded networking systems. By identifying the start of a cluster miss sequence and preparing an instruction buffer for the upcoming cache misses, the miss penalty can be reduced if a miss does occur. A sample industrial networking example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of this technique compared with other prefetch methods.
Coordination compounds with thioxane oxide and thiacyclohexane oxide as ligands. Their use in determination of coordination numbers to oxygen ligands for non-transition metal cations

Abstract Thioxane oxide (TSO) and thiacyclohexane oxide (TCHO) were found to be good ligands for coordination to metal ions, both transition and non-transition. Many new compounds have been prepared. The results with the non-transition metal perchlorates are of particular interest because the ratio of bound sulfoxide molecules to metal cations gives information on the coordination number to oxygen of the metal ions.
A Serial Sample Loading System Interfacing Multiwell Plates with Microfluidic Devices

There is an increasing demand for novel high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. The robotic sample-handling techniques currently used in these industries, although fast, are still limited to operating in multiwell plates with the sample volumes per reaction in the microliter regime. Digital microfluidics offers an alternative for reduction in sample volume consumption for HTS but lacks a reliable technique for transporting a large number of samples to the microfluidic device. In this report, we develop a technique for serial delivery of sample arrays to a microfluidic device from multiwell plates, through a single sample inlet. Under this approach, a serial array of sample plugs, separated by an immiscible carrier fluid, is loaded into a capillary and delivered to a microfluidic device. Similar approaches have been attempted in the past, however, either with a slower sample loading device such as a syringe pump or vacuum-based sample loading with limited driving pressure. We demonstrated the application of our positive-pressure– based serial sample loading (SSL) system to load a series of sample plugs into a capillary. The adaptability of the SSL system to generate sample plugs with a variety of volumes in a predictable manner was also demonstrated.
Towards a consistent view of the design tools and process in distributed problem solving environment

A description is given of the issues encountered in generating an integrated design environment (IDE) based on the DEMETER workbench (DWB) and PIE (a parallel programming and instrumentation environment for UNIX machines). Some of the reasons for using a general integration methodology are explained. DEMETER, which supports complexity reduction, CAD tools management and manipulation, and distributed/parallel problem-solving, is presented. DWB is described. It is shown how the IDE can be built using the DWB and the basic concepts developed in PIE. >
A prototype symbolic model of canonical functional neuroanatomy of the motor system

Recent advances in bioinformatics have opened entire new avenues for organizing, integrating and retrieving neuroscientific data, in a digital, machine-processable format, which can be at the same time understood by humans, using ontological, symbolic data representations. Declarative information stored in ontological format can be perused and maintained by domain experts, interpreted by machines, and serve as basis for a multitude of decision support, computerized simulation, data mining, and teaching applications. We have developed a prototype symbolic model of canonical neuroanatomy of the motor system. Our symbolic model is intended to support symbolic lookup, logical inference and mathematical modeling by integrating descriptive, qualitative and quantitative functional neuroanatomical knowledge. Furthermore, we show how our approach can be extended to modeling impaired brain connectivity in disease states, such as common movement disorders. In developing our ontology, we adopted a disciplined modeling approach, relying on a set of declared principles, a high-level schema, Aristotelian definitions, and a frame-based authoring system. These features, along with the use of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) vocabulary, enable the alignment of our functional ontology with an existing comprehensive ontology of human anatomy, and thus allow for combining the structural and functional views of neuroanatomy for clinical decision support and neuroanatomy teaching applications. Although the scope of our current prototype ontology is limited to a particular functional system in the brain, it may be possible to adapt this approach for modeling other brain functional systems as well.
An Institutional Framework for the Study of the Transition to Adulthood

The transition to adulthood has received the attention of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers in recent years. For some, the transition is an extended period during which commitments to adulthood institutions are delayed, termed emerging adulthood. For others, the transition is brief and commitments to adulthood institutions begin without delay, termed accelerated adulthood. Institutions play an important role in accumulating advantages or disadvantages for individuals, influencing the likelihood of an emerging or accelerated adulthood. This article introduces an institutional framework that explores the link between institutional forces and individual outcomes. This article proposes the concept, institutional constellation, which is the specific set of institutions operating in an individual’s life, and their lived experience of/within that institutional constellation. The degree of integration within the institutional constellation and the degree to which the institutional constellation is aligne...
FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTION OF PROPIONIC ACID IN HYDROLYZED COD (GADUS MORHUS) GURRY

The fermentative production of propionic acid in cod gurry hydrolysate containing from 2.5 to 4.0% glucose by strains of Propionibacterium was studied. Yields of 1.3 to 1.7% propionic acid plus 0.52 to 0.71% acetic acid with resulting pH values of 4.2 to 4.0 were achieved with steam sterilized hydrolysates after 192 h of incubation. Concentrations of 1.0% propionic acid or more at a pH value at or near 4.0 are considered sufficient to achieve permanent preservation. The rates of the fermentations and resulting rates of reduction of pH were notably slow due to generation times of 6 h or longer. This slow rate of fermentation can be expected to allow the growth of contaminating spoilage organisms during the first 24 to 48 h before inhibitory levels of propionic and acetic acids are produced. The preservation of hydrolyzed gurry by direct propionic acid fermentation is therefore not feasible at this time unless the rate of fermentation is significantly increased.
Evaluation of a Meditation Intervention to Reduce the Effects of Stressors Associated With Compassion Fatigue Among Nurses

Purpose of Study: This pilot study evaluated whether short (less than 10 minutes) structured meditations decrease compassion fatigue and improve compassion satisfaction in oncology nurses. Design o...
Preventing Safety Hazards Associated With Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders

Do-not-resuscitate orders can promote patients' dignity near the end of life, but they also can carry safety hazards associated with miscommunication and inappropriate withdrawal of certain kinds of care. Oncology nurses have a responsibility to identify these potential hazards and to intervene as necessary. .
Can Limited Intervention Work? Lessons from Britain’s Success Story in Sierra Leone

ABSTRACTFollowing frustrating campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, Western interventions are becoming more limited, with troops being deployed for short bursts and residual peace-building tasks being left to others. Although this approach limits exposure for the intervening government, it struggles to achieve meaningful political change. Examining the comparatively successful British intervention in Sierra Leone (2000–02), this article identifies the conditions for effectiveness in these campaigns. It challenges the historiography of the case by framing armed confrontations and raids as enablers of politics rather than ends in themselves; indeed, in both the conduct and study of intervention, politics must reign supreme.
Literacy in the United States: Readers and Reading Since 1880.: By Carl F. Kaestle, Helen Damon-Moore, Lawrence C. Stedman, Katherine Tinsley, and William Vance Trollinger, Jr., Yale University Press, 1991 1 352 pp, $35, Cloth

(1992). Literacy in the United States: Readers and Reading Since 1880. American Journalism: Vol. 9, No. 1-2, pp. 108-109.
Gardens and Gateways: Journeys within the Vision of Han-shan

Although rooted in the work of the T’ang poet Han-shan, this paper is ultimately about the ways in which writers and artists engage with what they experience in the world. The work of filmmaker Trin T Minh-Ha, poems by W.S. Merwin, Burtin Watson’s translations, and the thoughts on the creative process of translation by Tony Barnstone and Gary Snyder have all informed my work as an artist and the images I present here.
Institutional or Community-based Care:Orientating Old-age Support in China

This paper describes the historical and practical reasons of emergence of the institutionalized care as a major pattern of old-age support,and prospects the development trends of the community-based care for the elderly in China,after comparing the characteristics of the two kinds of support for the elderly. The conclusion is that,the community-based care for the elderly will have attractions and advantages in terms of economy and humanism in the long run.
Design of Fruit Sorting Machine of Weighing Type Based on SolidWorks

Fruit sorting machine of weighing type was used most widely in fruit grading market,which study on its structure adopting traditional 2D plan method is too abstract to modify hardly.Therefore a new weighing type of fruit sorting machine was designed using SolidWorks,through which the design for stents,tray institutions,transmission system and sprocket shaft of the sorting machine was realized,and 3D model for the motor reducer and bearing socket was built so that the overall assembly for the fruit sorting machine was achieved.Afterwards,3D modeling,virtual assembly as well as compute clash and primary FEM analysis were carried out for parts of machine.The application results show that Solidworks is beneficial to new agricultural machinery design,which shall shorten the development cycle and improve the design quality.
The absence of the blood clotting regulator thrombomodulin causes embryonic lethality in mice before development of a functional cardiovascular system

We have targeted the murine thrombomodulin (TM) gene in embryonic stem cells and generated embryos as well as mice with TM deficiency. The heterozygous TM-deficient (TM+/-) mice as compared to wild-type (TM+/+) littermates exhibit 50% reductions in the levels of TM mRNA and TM protein. However, TM+/- mice appear normal and are free of thrombotic complications. The homozygous TM-deficient (TM-/-) embryos die before E9.5. An overall retardation in growth and development of TM-/- embryos is first evident on E8.5 (8-12 somite pairs). However, no specific pathologic abnormalities are observed. These initial changes take place at a time when TM is normally expressed in the endoderm of the parietal yolk sac. The removal of E7.5 TM-/- embryos from maternal decidua and their subsequent culture in vitro allows development to proceed to stages not observed in vivo (13-20 somite) with the appearance of normal blood vessels in the visceral yolk sac and embryo. The results of our studies suggest that the failure of TM-/- embryos to survive at mid-gestation is a consequence of dysfunctional maternal-embryonic interactions caused by the absence of TM in the parietal yolk sac and demonstrate that the receptor is necessary for normal embryonic development in utero.
Evolution of surgical therapy for Stanford acute type A aortic dissection

Acute type A aortic dissection (AcA-AoD) is a surgical emergency associated with very high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the early outcome of emergency surgical repair has not improved substantially over the last 20 years. Many of the same debates occur repeatedly regarding operative extent and optimal conduct of the operation. The question remains: are patients suffering from too large an operation or too small? The pendulum favoring routine aortic valve resuspension, when feasible, has swung towards frequent aortic root replacement. This already aggressive approach is now being challenged with the even more extensive valve-sparing aortic root replacement (V-SARR) in selected patients. Distally, open replacement of most of the transverse arch is best in most patients. The need for late aortic re-intervention has not been shown to be affected by more extensive distal operative procedures, but the contemporary enthusiasm for a distal frozen elephant trunk (FET) only seems to build. It must be remembered that the first and foremost goal of the operation is to have an operative survivor; additional measures to reduce late morbidity are secondary aspirations. With increasing experience, true contraindications to emergency surgical operation have dwindled, but patients with advanced age, multiple comorbidities, and major neurological deficits do not fare well. The endovascular revolution, moreover, has spawned innovative options for modern practice, including ascending stent graft and adaptations of the old flap fenestration technique. Despite the increasingly complex operations and ever expanding therapies, this life-threatening disease remains a stubborn challenge for all cardiovascular surgeons. Development of specialized thoracic aortic teams and regionalization of care for patients with AcA-AoD offers the most promise to improve overall results.
Characterization of a photoacoustic system through neural networks to determine multicomponent samples

Abstract Photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gases detection, based on a CO2 laser, can be used in a wide range of applications. The tunability of this laser in the mid-infrared (9.4–10.6 μm) allows the quantitative determination of different substances in multicomponent samples. In general, at traces level, the total photoacoustic amplitude at a certain wavelength may be approximated by a linear superposition of the amplitudes given by each of the species absorbing at that wavelength. However, in some cases, the sum of the individual signals is no longer valid. In particular, it is known the presence of CO2 delays the acoustic signal in relation to the laser excitation due to the exchange of vibrational energy between CO2 and N2. This phenomenon generates a slow V-T energy relaxation from a metastable N2 vibrational level and the sum of individual contributions may no longer be valid. Moreover, the resolution of a linear equation system has limitations, so the possibility to determine concentrations in photoacoustics based on neural network is proposed in this work. This procedure is tried in a particular case of a volatile organic compound, such as C2H4, and CO2 in air. The results are compared with the ones obtained with a model based on rate equations.
Cytological Observations of the Heterochromatin of Nicotiana tabacum L. Androgenic Doubled Haploids

Detection cytologique des regions heterochromatiques amplifiees chez les doubles haploides de N. tabacum.
Sharing behavior in emergencies: An instantiation of a utility-focused prototype of a secure mobile near-real-time content device in pre-hospital and hospital settings

The implementation of healthcare information technology largely exhibits a ‘lack of fit’ with medical practice workflow, especially when data collection devices interfere with care during emergencies. Employing the design science paradigm and interpretive theory building, we examine the credibility, utility, and sharing of near-auto generated, near-real-time content regarding motor vehicle accidents. We began constructing a mobile security information model and building a mobile prototype to study the dynamics of contents sharing in the pre-hospital and hospital settings. From our focus group interviews, we learned that the most valuable feature of the prototype was the ability to capture and transmit data, audio, photo, and video contents prior to the arrival of the patient to the hospital: contents that inform clinical decisions regarding diagnostic preparedness, triaging, and therapeutic activities. We theorize that a credible content incentivizes sharing attitude and instrumental use which influence sharing behavior. We plan further observations to refine the proposition.