cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffusion behavior of single adatoms near and at steps during growth of metallic thin films on Ni surfaces

Abstract Diffusion of single adatoms approaching both descending and ascending steps on Ni(111), (110) and (100) has been investigated with the embedded atom method (EAM) and molecular statics (MS). (1) It was found that there exists a “forbidden” region near both descending and ascending steps on Ni(111). Adatoms have to overcome a slightly higher energy barrier to get into the “forbidden” region, which extends 2–3 nearest-neighboring spacings from the steps. This is consistent with FIM experiments for incorporation of Ir adatoms into ascending steps of Ir clusters. (2) Detailed calculations for incorporation of adatoms over descending steps of type B on Ni(111) have revealed that exchange diffusion, in which an adatom replaces the position of an atom in the step and exchange their roles, is energetically favored over ordinary jumps and is the dominant diffusion mechanism at the descending steps. This is consistent with recent FIM experiments of W adatom diffusion at Ir cluster edges of type B on Ir(111). (3) Exchange diffusion was also found to be favored over direct jumps at the descending steps on Ni(110) and Ni(100).
Weapon and communication systems: modeling the wireless network architecture of land warrior

The United States Army is designing and implementing a revolutionary advance in the combat power of individual infantrymen on the battlefield: Land Warrior. In Land Warrior, each soldier becomes a node in a wireless local area network (WLAN). In order to account for likely losses of line of site between soldiers, the On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) is used. The purpose of this research was to construct a simulation study to determine whether the communications architecture of Land Warrior was sufficiently scalable to use in large Army units. This paper describes the input analysis conducted to determine probability distributions used to generate message traffic. This paper also describes the development of the simulation model used to determine the scalability of the Land Warrior communications architecture.
Inariant manifolds and chaotic vibrations in singularly perturbed nonlinear oscillators

Abstract This work concerns the forced nonlinear vibrations of a dissipative soft–stiff structural dynamical system consisting of a soft nonlinear oscillator coupled to a linear stiff oscillator. The equations of motion are cast into a set of singularly perturbed ordinary differential equations, with the ratio of linear frequency like quantities as the singular parameter. Then, using the theory of invariant manifolds, it is shown that, for sufficiently small coupling, the forced system possesses a 3-dimensional slow invariant manifold. The invariant manifold is a regular perturbation of a global invariant manifold for the conservative system. It is shown that the conservative system possesses a homoclinic orbit on the slow invariant manifold. Numerical simulations reveal that the forced system undergoes a period doubling cascade of bifurcations. The cascade of bifurcations gives rise to a weak strange attractor which undergoes a metamorphosis into a strong strange attractor as the forcing amplitude increases. Using Melnikov's method, it is shown that the strong strange attractor stems from transverse intersections of the invariant manifolds of a saddle-type periodic motion carried by the slow invariant manifold.
Application of the Two Nonzero Component Lemma in Resource Allocation

In this paper we will generalize the author's two nonzero component lemma to general self-reducing functions and utilize it to find closed from answers for some resource allocation problems.
Synthesis of a series of first-row tris-imidazolylphosphine sandwich complexes and their potential for formation of polymetallic species

Abstract A series of tris-[2-(1-methylimidazolyl)phosphine] sandwich complexes with Co 2+ ( 1 ), Ni 2+ ( 2 ), Cu 2+ ( 3 ) and Zn 2+ ( 4 ) have been synthesized and characterized with the intent of using these complexes as templates for building polymetallic species. X-ray analysis reveals that each metal is six-coordinate with octahedral geometry. Compound 3 exhibits a tetragonal distortion resulting from a Jahn–Teller distortion of a Cu 2+ (d 9 ) complex. Electrochemistry of 1 – 4 displayed peaks assigned to both ligand-based oxidation at 1.45–1.56 V and a perchlorate-based reduction at −2.36 to −2.78 V versus FcH + /FcH. Metal-based reduction was also observed for 2 , with a reversible Ni 2+/3+ oxidation at 0.89 V, consistent with the relatively poor donor ability of the imidazolyl nitrogen bases; and 3 , with a irreversible Cu 2+/1+ reduction at −1.29 V versus FcH + /FcH, consistent with the decomposition of the complex upon reduction. X-ray structures indicate large steric crowding around the phosphorus atom resulting from the orientation of the methyl substituent on the imidazoles. This crowding may prohibit the formation of polymetallic species through phosphorus-metal bonding.
Police and Correctional Department Firearm Training Frameworks in Washington State

Police handgun shooting accuracy during field confrontations is poor, and this raises questions about the validity and thus utility of public safety officer firearm training. Surveys of police and correctional departments (n = 124) and instructors (n = 224) in Washington State were used to explore firearms training frameworks comprised of resources and facilities, general program parameters, instructor selection and development, and officer requalification. Findings exemplifying important similarities and differences are presented, and general recommendations for practitioner organizations are offered. Research will be central to future efforts to identify valid and thus best practices, as will program evaluation for providing ongoing refinement.
Surrendering the ideal of disinterestedness in the policy research process: A cautionary note

As policy researchers increasingly see the politicization of the use of analysis as inevitable they have called for changes in the conduct of analysis and in the analyst's role in order to promote utilization and its supposed benefits. The basic prescription is to shape analysis to serve both the political and information needs of specific decision makers or policy participants or to become partisan analysts. In accepting this approach the professional norm of disinterested inquiry is compromised without much knowledge of the consequences. Pressing theoretical, normative, and pracical issues should at least be addressed before the analytic community abandons the ideal of disinterestedness and adopts a partisan analytic stance.
THE PURPLE‐HINGE ROCK SCALLOP: A NEW CANDIDATE FOR MARINE AQUACULTURE1

Studies on spawning and larval culture in the purple-hinge rock scallop (Hinnites multirugosus) are described together with information on growth of juveniles and adults. Gravid individuals were collected from field populations throughout most of the year. These produced viable eggs when induced to spawn in the laboratory. Larval development appeared normal over the range 8–18°C (optimal for culture, 14–18°C). Acceptable growth and survival were achieved on a mixed diet of Isochrysis, Monochrysis, Tetraselmis and Skeletonema. Metamorphosis began in larvae 200 μm in shell diameter (age, 3 weeks). Most rapidly growing post-larvae reached 1.8 mm at two months (15–18°C). Pre-cementing juveniles held in cages in Mission Bay, San Diego, averaged approximately 8 mm/mo during summer (18–22°C) and half that rate throughout the rest of the year (13–18°C). Individuals 1.5 to 3.0 cm in October, 1975, reached shell diameters of 5.0 to 7.5 cm one year later.
Philip Reed and Mervyn Cooke, editors, Letters From a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, volumes 5 and 6

The centenary of Benjamin Britten’s birth has been heralded by the publication of Letters From a Life, volume 6, the final entry in the magisterial cycle of Britten’s selected letters that has enco...
Maximizing the Impact of a Symposium to Facilitate Change in Student Attitudes about Interdisciplinary Teamwork

Elderly patients, including those with dementia, have more complex health care needs, which may be more effectively served by interdisciplinary teams. Yet, few health care students receive interdisciplinary education. This article describes the improved outcomes of a second annual symposium for health care students on interdisciplinary care for older adults with dementia. Students (n = 109) completed a pre/post assessment using the Attitudes Toward Healthcare Teams Scale. A t-test for paired samples indicated a statistically significant increase in pre-post test scores (p < .001); we observed a larger effect size of change in student attitudes for this symposium than the first (η2 = .48). The results support the value of pedagogical changes in facilitating a greater change in student attitudes about interdisciplinary teamwork.
Terrestrial gamma ray flashes with energies up to 100 MeV produced by nonequilibrium acceleration of electrons in lightning

[1] Using Monte Carlo models simulating energetic electrons in inhomogeneous electric field and the transport of energetic photons in the Earth's atmosphere, we show that the spectrum of bremsstrahlung photons generated by nonequilibrium energetic electrons produced during stepping of lightning leaders can deviate from the typical spectrum of relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREA) developing in weak homogeneous electric fields. This deviation is especially pronounced in the high-energy tail of the electron energy distribution for lightning leaders possessing high voltages (several hundreds of megavolts) and extremely high fields around their tips. The photon spectrum obtained accurately reproduces the recently discovered high-energy tail (up to 100 MeV) of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). This analysis provides the first direct evidence that TGFs are produced by lightning and not over large distances in weak thunderstorm electric fields.
Biology and Life History of Ascia monuste monuste (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), a Potential Pest of Cruciferous Vegetables

Abstract Ascia monuste (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a subtropical and tropical species with several subspecies and forms. In recent years, it has become a sporadic insect pest of crucifer vegetables in southern Texas. In some isolated fields, the gregarious larvae have completely consumed all aboveground parts of large cabbage or collard plants (leaves, petioles, and stems). To understand more about this subspecies, I studied its biology on cabbage, including the development of immature stages, the longevity of adults, and other parameters in the laboratory and the greenhouses. At 25 ± 2°C, developmental time averaged 4.7, 2.8, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 6.0, and 9.d d for eggs, first, second, third, fourth, fifth instars and pupae, respectively, yielding an average of 17.4 d for all larval stages and an average generation time of 31.7 d for both sexes. Adult longevity averaged 19.8 d for females and 16.3 d for males under greenhouse conditions. The sex ratio was 1:0.76 (females:males) or 56.8% females. Each egg c...
Angularly resolved light scattering from aerosolized spores: observations and calculations.

Angularly resolved elastic light scattering patterns from individual aerosolized Bacillus subtilis spores were qualitatively compared with simulations. Two-dimensional angular optical scattering patterns of the spores were collected for polar scattering angles varying from approximately 77° to 130° and azimuthal angles varying from 0° to 360°. Computations were performed with single T-matrix formalism by simulating a spore with three different particle shapes: (1) a finite-length cylinder with spherical end caps, (2) a spheroid, and (3) two spheres in contact. Excellent agreement between computation and measurement was found for the finite-length cylinder with spherical end caps, poorer agreement was found for the spheroids, and the poorest agreement was for the two spheres in contact.
CELL DIVISION IN BULBOCHAETE. II. HAIR CELL FORMATION1

SUMMARY Most vegetative cells of Bulbochaete, and all those of Oedogonium, possess an apical, circular discontinuity in the structure of their secondary wall. Rupture of the wall at this precise site permits expansion of the ring during cell division and release of the zoospore following zoosporogenesis. Certain cells of Bulbochaete (always the apical daughter cell of a division pair) lack this type of discontinuity. Instead, the apical wall is thinned out on one side, so that the cell bulges asymmetrically. In the middle of the bulge is a wall discontinuity which extends only part way around the cell. The wall will rupture here, too, for zoospore release, but if a cell having such a wall, divides, it invariably does so asymmetrically, with one pole of the spindle located in the bulge. Cytokinesis then cuts off a small, colorless daughter cell. The wall ruptures at the discontinuity, and this daughter cell emerges through the slit and differentiates into a hair. The creation of hairs in such cells commences with the deposition of a pad of primary wall lining the bulge. Golgi bodies are involved in its secretion, but not in that of a secondary wall layer which forms next in the premitotic cell and covers the primary wall. The cell becomes polarized; the nucleus migrates toward this region as the chloroplast moves aside. After the asymmetric mitosis, a curved phycoplast cuts off the hair cell nucleus and prevents the chloroplast from moving back into the future hair, whose cytoplasm soon loses much of its affinity for heavy metal stains. Following rupture of the parental wall, the phycoplast moves some distance past the limits of the newly deposited secondary wall layer and then forms a cross wall under the hair. The secondary wall of the hair is not continuous with the secondary wall structure of the parental cell; the circular discontinuity that arises around the base of the bulging parental wall is then perpetuated and accentuated as the hair's secondary wall thickens. This wall weakening becomes the dislocation that will predetermine the site of the ring and consequently the direction of cell expansion in the next normal division of the cell subtending the hair. Abnormal ring formation and the creation of terminal twin hairs have also been examined. The lip of the growing hair contains a characteristic organization of membranes and other components which may be related to the organization of the hair's numerous longitudinally oriented microtubules. These results are discussed in terms of the morphology of the wall in the Oedogionales generally. The creation of the special wall morphology that leads to hair cell formation is considered to be ontogenetically related to a similar wall morphology that is involved in formation of the fertilization pore of the oogonium.
Cutaneous pharmacokinetics: 10 steps to percutaneous absorption.

(1983). Cutaneous Pharmacokinetics: 10 Steps to Percutaneous Absorption. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 169-205.
Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors by repetitive stimulation in auditory cortex.

To determine whether metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) contribute to the responses of neurons to repetitive stimulation in the rat auditory cortex in vitro, five stimulus pulses were delivered at 2–100 Hz which elicited five depolarizing synaptic responses, f-EPSPs: f-EPSPs1–5. Stimulus pulses 2–5 delivered at low frequencies (2–10 Hz) elicited f-EPSPs2–5 that were about 15% smaller than the response elicited by the first pulse (f-EPSP1). In the presence of the nonspecific mGluR agonist, ACPD, the amplitude of all f-EPSPs was 40% smaller than predrug responses. APV, CNQX, or bicuculline (antagonists of NMDA-, AMPA/kainate-, and GABAA-receptors, respectively) did not change this effect of ACPD. The mGluR antagonist, MCPG, had no effect on f-EPSPs but did reduce the effect of ACPD. High-frequency stimulation (50–100 Hz) elicited f-EPSPs that were smaller with each successive stimulus. In ACPD, f-EPSP1 was 40% smaller than predrug, but f-EPSPs3–5 were not changed compared to pre-ACPD f-EPSPs3–5, indicating that ACPD occludes the effect of repetitive stimulation. MCPG increased f-EPSP5 by 15%, indicating that a portion of the reduction of f-EPSPs during high-frequency stimulation is mediated by mGluRs. MCPG also partially blocked the effect of ACPD. In CNQX, ACPD only decreased EPSPs, but APV or bicuculline did not change the effect of ACPD. These results suggest that the successive reduction of f-EPSPs during a high-frequency train is partially a result of mGluR activation. Synapse 44:146–157, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Geosocial gauge: a system prototype for knowledge discovery from social media

The remarkable success of online social media sites marks a shift in the way people connect and share information. Much of this information now contains some form of geographical content because of the proliferation of location-aware devices, thus fostering the emergence of geosocial media – a new type of user-generated geospatial information. Through geosocial media we are able, for the first time, to observe human activities in scales and resolutions that were so far unavailable. Furthermore, the wide spectrum of social media data and service types provides a multitude of perspectives on real-world activities and happenings, thus opening new frontiers in geosocial knowledge discovery. However, gleaning knowledge from geosocial media is a challenging task, as they tend to be unstructured and thematically diverse. To address these challenges, this article presents a system prototype for harvesting, processing, modeling, and integrating heterogeneous social media feeds towards the generation of geosocial knowledge. Our article addresses primarily two key components of this system prototype: a novel data model for heterogeneous social media feeds and a corresponding general system architecture. We present these key components and demonstrate their implementation in our system prototype, GeoSocial Gauge.
A complete translation from SPARQL into efficient SQL

This paper presents a feature-complete translation from SPARQL, the proposed standard for RDF querying, into efficient SQL. We propose "SQL model"-based algorithms that implement each SPARQL algebra operator via SQL query augmentation, and generate a flat SQL statement for efficient processing by relational database query engines. SPARQL-to-SQL translation presented is feature-complete, since it applies to all SPARQL language features. Finally, we demonstrate the performance and scalability of our method by an extensive evaluation using recent SPARQL benchmark queries, and a benchmark dataset, as well as a real-world photo dataset.
Mode locked figure eight lasers

The figure eight laser (F8L) by the nature of its design provides the possibility for an intensity dependent element inside the cavity. It is this element which allows the laser to self-modelock, producing pulses as short as 90 fs. The laser is a special case of the additive pulse modelocked laser, hut operates in a regime where most of the analysis for that laser breaks down, namely, large changes in the pulse in one round trip. For these reasons much effort has gone into the study of the figure eight fiber laser since it was first introduced in 1990. The overall design of the laser is that of a ring cavity with a Sagnac interferometer incorporated in the cavity. This gives the laser the characteristic shape with one loop the Sagnac interferometer, and the other loop the ring laser. >
An optimal recursive filter for the attitude determination of the spacelab instrument pointing subsystem

The instrument pointing subsystem (IPS) is a three-axis stabilized platform developed to point various astronomical observation instruments aboard NASA's shuttle. In order to compensate for system drifts and attitude errors, the IPS utilizes a linearized Kalman filter (LKF) with precomputed gains. Since the a priori gains are generated for an expected system configuration, any system variations result in a suboptimal estimation process. The performance of two real-time estimation filters is compared with that of the current LKF implementation. It is shown that a real-time estimation filter that reduces sensitivity to system variations and preflight computations is feasible. >
Vector Majorization and a Robust Option Replacement Trading Strategy

We show that vector majorization and its related preference sets can be used to establish useful option pricing bounds for a robust option replacement investment strategy. This robust trading strategy can help to overcome some of the difficulties in implementing arbitrage option trading strategies when there exists model inaccuracy.
The effects of protein interactions, gene essentiality and regulatory regions on expression variation.

Background: Identifying factors affecting gene expression variation is a challenging problem in genetics. Previous studies have shown that the presence of TATA box, the number of cis-regulatory elements, gene essentiality, and protein interactions significantly affect gene expression variation. Nonetheless, the need to obtain a more complete understanding of such factors and how their interactions influence gene expression variation remains a challenge. The growth rates of yeast cells under several DNA-damaging conditions have been studied and a gene's toxicity degree is defined as the number of such conditions that the growth rate of the yeast deletion strain is significantly affected. Since toxicity degree reflects a gene's importance to cell survival under DNA-damaging conditions, we expect that it is negatively associated with gene expression variation. Mutations in both cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors (TF) regulating a gene affect the gene's expression and thus we study the relationship between gene expression variation and the number of TFs regulating a gene. Most importantly we study how these factors interact with each other influencing gene expression variation. Results: Using yeast as a model system, we evaluated the effects of four separate factors and their interactions on gene expression variation: protein interaction degree, toxicity degree, number of TFs, and the presence of TATA box. Results showed that 1) gene expression variation is negatively correlated with the protein interaction degree in the protein interaction network, 2) essential genes tend to have less expression variation than non-essential genes and gene expression variation decreases with toxicity degree, and 3) the number of TFs regulating a gene is the most important factor influencing gene expression variation (R2 = 8–14%). In addition, the number of TFs regulating a gene was found to be an important factor influencing gene expression variation for both TATAcontaining and non-TATA-containing genes, but with different association strength. Moreover, gene expression variation was significantly negatively correlated with toxicity degree only for TATA-containing genes. Conclusion: The finding that distinct mechanisms may influence gene expression variation in TATA-containing and non-TATA-containing genes, provides new insights into the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of gene expression.
Optiplan: unifying IP-based and graph-based planning

The Optiplan planning system is the first integer programming-based planner that successfully participated in the international planning competition. This engineering note describes the architecture of Optiplan and provides the integer programming formulation that enabled it to perform reasonably well in the competition. We also touch upon some recent developments that make integer programming encodings significantly more competitive.
Revitalizing Professional Boundaries Policy into Meaningful Practice Improvement

Professional boundaries are becoming a critical issue in today’s home health care arena. As a clinician, can a set of rules improve the quality of care that you are providing to the community? As a manager of a home health care agency, have you wondered how to bring meaning to a policy that exists in a file cabinet? Education on the concepts of virtue ethics, three guiding principles, and the zone of helpfulness can revitalize an otherwise dead policy and can be very beneficial for both clinicians and managers. Benefits include increased staff morale and renewed ethical motivation for clinicians to continually assess and enhance their professional behavior thus resulting in meaningful practice improvement.
Designing introductory computing assignments: The view from the computing center

The suggestions made here are based on experience as a consultant, writer, and educator at an academic computing center, and on some wellworn precepts of educational psychology. The goal is to convince instructors of introductory computing classes to apply to the design of computing assignments some principles they probably already use in teaching the main content of their courses.
Are Actuarial Risk Data Used to Make Determinations of Sex Offender Risk Classification? An Examination of Sex Offenders Selected for Enhanced Registration and Notification

This study examined whether evaluators use actuarial risk scores and risk information to make determinations about sex offender risk status for the purpose of enhanced registration and notification. Although it was expected that sexual offenders selected for enhanced registration and notification would have higher scores on actuarial risk assessment tools than those who were not selected, few differences were found between groups with regard to risk factors associated with sexual offense recidivism. Given that actuarial tools enhance the prediction of sexual recidivism, this study may shed light on problems in the implementation of sex offender policy measures. Results are discussed as they pertain to the assessment and application of registration and community notification statutes for sexual offenders.
Pitting Corrosion on Zirconium in KCl and KCl-H2SO4 Solutions

Abstract Electrochemical investigations of commercially pure zirconium and Zr-2.5 wt% Nb immersed in KCl and KCl-H2SO4 solutions were performed. The potentiokinetic pitting potential (Ep′) was affe...
Tidal fluxes of dissolved oxygen at the North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

Advective, dispersive and total dissolved oxygen (DO) fluxes from 1297 complete tidal cycles were analyzed to test the “outwelling” hypothesis as it pertains to DO. A 910 day time series of meteorological and water quality data (approximately 35,000 half-hourly observations) was used to assess DO fluxes and dynamics at Crab Haul Creek, a small (1.1 km2) tidal salt marsh basin at North Inlet, South Carolina, within the North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. A basin storage curve, derived from water velocity measurements made across a permanent transect in the tidal creek every half hour for eight semidiurnal tidal cycles, enabled water discharges to be estimated from tide height readings in the 910 day time series. The discharges along with DO concentration measurements were used to calculate DO fluxes for each tidal cycle in the series. The long-term mean dispersive and advective DO fluxes were −0.281 g O2 s−1 and −0.375 g O2 s−1, respectively. Based on “t” tests both means are significantly less than zero (p < 0.02), indicating exports. Furthermore a significant correlation was found between the dispersive DO export and the tidal mean solar radiation, indicating that photosynthesis is the principal process driving the dispersive export of DO. On the other hand no significant correlations were found between the advective export of DO and solar radiation or between the dispersive fluxes of DO and salt. The absence of such correlations indicates that the advective export of DO is simply an artifact of a slight ebb sampling bias in our computation of the tidal mean discharge. On a unit area basis the average annual dispersive export of DO is 8.9 g m−2 yr−1 or 0.28 mol DO m−2 yr−1. This is a small fraction of the oxygen produced in the basin by phytoplankton (18 mol DO m−2 yr−1) and its contribution to the DO resources of the receiving waters is far exceeded by the oxygen demand associated with the concurrent export of dissolved organic carbon (200–300 g m−2 yr−1).
Remote sensing of crosswind profiles using the correlation slope method

The correlation slope method relates the slope of the space-time covariance function at zero lag time to the crosswind component along a path via an integral equation of the first kind through the intermediary of a function of the distance between detectors. The integral equation is inverted to find the crosswind profile using the method of singular value decomposition. The effect of noise in the measurement of the correlation slope is considered, as well as the influence of finite detector separation. Some numerical results are shown.
Drosophila SIN3 Isoforms Interact with Distinct Proteins and Have Unique Biological Functions

The SIN3 corepressor serves as a scaffold for the assembly of histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes. SIN3 and its associated HDAC have been shown to have critical roles in both development and the regulation of cell cycle progression. Although multiple SIN3 isoforms have been reported in simple to complex eukaryotic organisms, the mechanisms by which such isoforms regulate specific biological processes are still largely uncharacterized. To gain insight into how SIN3 isoform-specific function contributes to the growth and development of a metazoan organism, we have affinity-purified two SIN3 isoform-specific complexes, SIN3 187 and 220, from Drosophila S2 cells and embryos. We have identified a number of proteins common to the complexes, including the HDAC RPD3, as well as orthologs of several proteins known to have roles in regulating cell proliferation in other organisms. We additionally identified factors, including the histone demethylase little imaginal discs and histone-interacting protein p55, that exhibited a preferential interaction with the largest SIN3 isoform. Our experiments indicate that the isoforms are associated with distinct HDAC activity and are recruited to unique and shared sites along polytene chromosome arms. Furthermore, although expression of SIN3 220 can substitute for genetic loss of other isoforms, expression of SIN3 187 does not support Drosophila viability. Together our findings suggest that SIN3 isoforms serve distinct roles in transcriptional regulation by partnering with different histone-modifying enzymes.
Diabetes Quality Improvement in Department of Veterans Affairs Ambulatory Care Clinics A group-randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE — To conduct a group-randomized clinical trial to determine whether regular feedback to primary care providers of synthesized information on patients’ health, function, and satisfaction would demonstrate improved outcomes for their patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —Patients in General Internal Medicine Clinics Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers were randomized into seven intervention or control firms. Patient self-reported information was collected by mail on general health, diabetes, and up to five other chronic conditions. Patients with diabetes received the Seattle Diabetes Questionnaire, the 36-item Medical Outcomes Study short form (SF-36), and a validated patient satisfaction questionnaire at regular intervals. Data from self-report, clinical, pharmacy, and laboratory sources were synthesized into patient-specific feedback reports that intervention providers received before patients’ visits. RESULTS —The timely delivery to primary care providers of state-of-the-art patient-feedback reports that identified patient issues and areas for improvement did not result in significant improvements in patient outcomes between the intervention and control firms. CONCLUSIONS —Outcomes in diabetic patients whose providers received synthesized patient data before visits were no better than in those receiving care from control firms. Future studies may benefit from substantial involvement in patients discussing, problem solving, and goal setting in addition to use of timely synthesized patient data.
Endothelial Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells

Vascular progenitor cells derived from stem cells could potentially lead to a variety of clinically relevant applications including cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. Here we describe methods for isolating purified proliferating populations of vascular endothelial cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) using Flk-1 positive sorted cells, VEGF supplementation, and a rigorous manual selection technique required for endothelial cell purification and expansion. Using this in vitro derivation procedure, it is possible to obtained millions of cells at various stages of differentiation, with the potential for up to 25 population doublings.
Storage of Electrical Information in Metal–Organic‐Framework Memristors

Single crystals of a cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework (MOF) infused with an ionic electrolyte and flanked by silver electrodes act as memristors. They can be electrically switched between low and high conductivity states that persist even in the absence of an applied voltage. In this way, these small blocks of nanoporous sugar function as a non-volatile RRAM memory elements that can be repeatedly read, erased, and re-written. These properties derive from ionic current within the MOF and the deposition of nanometer-thin passivating layers at the anode flanking the MOF crystal. The observed phenomena are crucially dependent on the sub-nanometer widths of the channels in the MOF, allowing the passage of only smaller ions. Conversely, with the electrolyte present but no MOF, there are no memristance or memory effects.
On the Sensitivity of Downslope Windstorms to the Asymmetry of the Mountain Profile

Abstract The influence of terrain asymmetry on the development and strength of downslope windstorms was examined through the numerical simulation of three basic atmospheric configurations: 1) flow beneath a mean-state critical layer, 2) flow in the presence of breaking waves and 3) flow in a two-layer atmosphere without wave breaking or a mean-state critical layer. When a mean-state critical layer was present in the flow and the wind speed and stability beneath that critical layer were essentially constant, the maximum downslope wind speed was nearly independent of mountain asymmetry. Such insensitivity to mountain shape is consistent with hydraulic theory and supports the idea that there is a close mathematical analog between stratified flow beneath a mean-state critical layer and conventional shallow-water hydraulic theory. When downslope winds were generated by breaking waves, and the upstream stability and wind speed were constant with height, the dependence of lee-slope velocities on terrain asymmetr...
Evaluation of 600 V GaN based gate injection transistors for high temperature and high efficiency applications

In this paper, we present a comprehensive evaluation of the latest 600 V class Gallium Nitride based Gate Injection Transistor (GaN-GIT) for high temperature and high efficiency applications. In this study, the Panasonic GITs are used as the reference for latest GaN-GIT technology. Static and dynamic testing was performed on the two GaN-GIT versions to extract critical static parameters and switching losses. A curve tracer was used to measure the gate-to-source threshold value and static Rds(on) across the full operating temperature range. A double pulse setup was developed to test the devices switching time and hard-switching loss. The switching performance is temperature insensitive. Then, the dynamic on-resistance of the GaN-GIT was measured with an additional clamping circuit. Finally, an improved gate drive circuit for the GaN-GIT was proposed and validated to achieve MHz operation with smaller switching loss.
Plasmonically enhanced photoluminescence of nanoscale semiconductors

Recent work has shown that plasmonic structures enhance the emitted light of nanoscale semiconductor materials, such as the photoluminescence of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and MoS2 2D materials. This project will compare the photoluminescence of CdSe colloidal quantum dots and MoS2. A variety of studies will be performed such as photobleaching effects, how photoluminescence relates to lifetime of sample, and polarization studies. In addition, this project will further the understanding of plasmonically enhanced photoluminescence between these semiconductor nanostructures and metal nanostructures. Initial studies will drop cast colloidal metal nanospheres onto quantum dots and MoS2, while future work will fabricate gold structures with electron beam lithography.
Infectivity of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) from Type I Poliovirus in Embryonated Egg.

Summary1) Phenol extraction of Type I poliovirus yielded a plaque-forming agent which is presumably ribonucleic acid (RNA) because it is inactivated by RNAase. Such ribonucleic acid derived from Type I (Mahoney) poliovirus induces formation of plaque-forming agent in the embryonated egg, inoculated by amniotic route. The plaqueforming agent recovered from embryo tissue, sacs, and fluids has been identified as type specific, Type I poliovirus. Highest yields occurred at 6 to 8 hours after inoculation of eggs with polio-RNA. 2) Polio-RNA exposed to RNAase immediately before inoculation into embryonated eggs failed to incite formation of plaque-forming agent. This establishes that it is RNA itself, and not some undetectable trace of intact virus, which incites production of whole virus in the egg. 3) Propagation of virus recovered from eggs by further passage in embryonated egg have not succeeded. 4) This demonstration of production of Type I poliovirus from nucleic acid in the embryonated egg, without subse...
The Deduction of Future Liabilities by Accrual-Basis Tax­payers: Premature Accruals, the All Events Test, and Eco­nomic Performance

Written during the Paleozoic era, this article considers the timing of deductions by accrual-basis taxpayers. The article considers timing problems under pre-1984 prior law, where the benefit of a deduction for a future obligation could provide grossly inflated tax benefits; the limitations of the all events test as the sole determinant of timing; and the effect of statutory changes made by the Tax Reform Act of 1984, which require that a deduction be deferred until "economic performance" has occurred.
Fire Safety in the Laboratory: Part II

Many fires and explosions occur in laboratories because personnel are unfamiliar with the properties and the everyday hazards of fire in the laboratory. In this, part I of “Fire Safety in the Laboratory,” the chemical aspects of fire are discussed. Issues involving highly flammable liquids, solids, and gases; ignition sources; and safe handling precautions are detailed. Part II, which will appear in the June issue of Laboratory Medicine, will explore the physical aspects of fire safety in the laboratory.
Photochemistry of Methane in the Photoionization Region.

Methane was irradiated with microwave operated helium (21.2 eV) and neon (16.7-16.8 eV) resonance lamps which were separated from the reaction vessel by an aluminum window. The quantum yields of the stable end products have been determined at methane pressures ranging from 1 to 20 torr. Over this pressure range the abundances of the primary ions, determined through various diagnostic experiments, are within experimental error the same at 21.2 eV as at 16.7-16.8 eV ( CH 4 + ≃ CH 3 + ≃ 0.5 , CH 2 + ⩽ 0.02 ), and are in good agreement with the primary mass spectra obtained in a photoionization mass spectrometer under collision free conditions (P C 2 H 5 + which is formed by the reaction: CH 3 + + CH 4 → C 2 H 5 + + H 2 loses a proton by an undetermined mechanism to give C2H4 as a product. There is no evidence for the formation of neutral fragments such as H2, C, CH or CH2 at 16.7-16.8 eV. The fact that the ionization quantum is equal to unity in this energy range accounts for the absence of these intermediates. At 21.2 eV where (Φionization = 0.95) there is concrete evidence for the formation of carbon atoms (Φ(C) ⩾ 0.002). In an attempt to demonstrate the usefulness of enclosed neon and helium resonance light sources in the ion-molecule kinetic studies, the relative probabilities of transfer of H- over D- from various partially deuterium labeled hydrocarbons to C 2 H 5 + (or C 2 D 5 + ) has been determined. The results presented in this article resolve the existing disagreements between previous helium resonance photolysis studies on CH4.
STUDY ON PURIFICATION METHODS AND EFFECTS ON OYSTERS

Objective To study methods of eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in oysters and purification effect of ozone on oysters.Methods Oyster purification experiments and microorganisms detection according to standard GB/T4789-2008 were carried out to observe purification effect on oysters.Results The average killing rates of total bacterial amount in oysters exposed to ozone in the concentration of 0.4,0.8 and 1.6 mg/L for 24 hours were 94.62%,90.77%,78.84% respectively.The amount of coliform bacteria and pathogens in oysters decreased under quota after purification with ozone.The purified oysters had a survival rate of 100% after 12 days of reservation in 5℃,90%-100% after 15 days.The hygienic index met the standard.Conclusion The oysters bred in water filling with ozone above 0.4 mg/L after 24 hours can reach disinfection standard.
Not the Last Word: Two Patients, Two Operating Rooms, One Surgeon—Does The Math Add Up?

Note from the Editor-in-Chief:We are pleased to present to readers of Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®the next Not the Last Word. The goal of this section is to explore timely and controversial issues that affect how orthopaedic surgery is taught, learned, and practiced. We welcome reader feedback on all of our columns and articles; please send your comments to eic@clinorthop.org. The author certifies that he, or any member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® or The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®.
Sparse Approximation-Based Collocation Scheme for Nonlinear Optimal Feedback Control Design

This paper discusses the development of a computationally efficient approach to generate optimal feedback control laws for infinite time problems by solving the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. The solution process consists of iteratively solving the linear generalized HJB (GHJB) equation starting with an admissible stable controller. The collocation methods are exploited to solve the GHJB equation in the specified domain of interest. Recently developed nonproduct quadrature method known as Conjugate Unscented Transformation is used to manage the curse of dimensionality associated with the growth of collocation points with increase in the state dimension. Furthermore, recent advances in sparse approximation are leveraged to automatically generate the appropriate polynomial basis function set for the collocation-based approximation from an overcomplete dictionary of basis functions. It is demonstrated that the solution process uses the basis function selection process to automatically ...
Convection and Bulk Transport

Probably the most alluring prospect of performing experiments in a low-gravity environment is the ability of freeing an experiment from the action of the earth’s gravity, which although constant and of known direction, has pronounced effects on the processing of fluids and gases. The most important effects of gravity are the impossibility of levitating a fluid mass isolated from solid surfaces and the consequences of buoyancy-driven-convection caused by gradients of temperature and concentration in the fluid. It was recognized over a decade ago that the large reductions in gravity possible aboard an orbital spacecraft will remove these two effects and lead to new experiments and, possibly, to the development of new methods for processing materials. In conjunction with the enormous interest in experimental research in a low-gravity environment, many new analyses have been reported that add to the understanding of transport phenomena both on earth and in space relevant to the design and intepretation of these experiments.
Involved Field Radiation Therapy Following Autologous Stem Cell Rescue for Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - Is It Efficacious?.

Abstract Introduction: Patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) treated with high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell rescue (ASCR) commonly relapse (post-ASCR) (70–90%) in sites of previous disease. Although adjuvant involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) to sites of previous recurrence might be expected to enhance local control, translation of this into improved disease-free (DFS) or overall survival (OS) is controversial. We sought to evaluate IFRT following ASCR in terms of patterns of recurrence, OS and DFS. Methods and Materials: All 281 patients with recurrent or refractory HL and NHL who underwent ASCR between 5/92 and 7/03 were analyzed. Disease stratification at the time of transplant included HL, 24%, aggressive NHL (ANHL) 62%, and indolent NHL (INHL) 14%. Most, 46% underwent ASCR after 1st relapse, 18% after 2nd relapse, 4% after 3rd relapse and 26% had refractory disease at ASCR. IFRT was administered to 129 patients (46%). Physician and patient choice determined which patients received IFRT. Dose ranged from 20–36 Gy depending on response to salvage therapy before ASCR and the presence of visible imaging abnormalities following ASCR. For end point analysis 39 patients (14%) including 11 HL, 23 ANHL, and 5 INHL had insufficient data and were excluded. Results: Mean follow-up was 3 years (.3 – 12). The median age at ASCR was 45 years (8 – 73). Male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Thirty five percent of patients had prior RT. On univariate analysis, OS and DFS following IFRT for ANHL was superior (or approached this statistically) at 5 years. For HL, improved OS approached significance, whereas DFS did not despite an apparent benefit by disease-free percentages. IFRT appears to be disadvantageous in INHL, but patient numbers were very small. OS and DFS at 5 years are in the table. Survival Table 5-year OS (%) 5-year DFS (%) HL With IFRT 62 79 Without IFRT 37 68 p-value .07 .41 Aggressive NHL With IFRT 57 65 Without IFRT 37 49 p-value .02 .07 Indolent HNL With IFRT 50 67 Without IFRT 85 88 p-value .06 .30 On multivariate analysis, for ANHL, IFRT was protective (p = .002, Hazard Ratio = 0.39) and bulky disease was adverse (p = .04, HR = 2.04). For HL, an advantage of IFRT did not reach statistical significance (p = .63, HR = .8). For INHL, IFRT was associated with an inferior outcome (p = .23, HR = 4.9). Conclusion: Recognizing that bias exists in patient selection for IFRT post-ASCR (in both directions), a survival benefit appears to exist for patients with ANHL, and potentially for those with HL. The absence of a difference in DFS may relate to relapses in other sites or competing events with censored data. Longer follow-up or larger patient numbers are necessary to confirm a long- term improvement. INHL did not benefit from IFRT as might be expected since this group is more likely to have occult disseminated, chemotherapy insensitive disease. Determination of specific patterns of disease recurrence is in progress.