cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Technology Requirements for Supporting On-Demand Interactive Grid Computing

It is increasingly being recognized that a large pool of High Performance Computing (HPC) users requires interactive, on-demand access to HPC resources. How to provide these resources is a significant technical challenge that can be addressed from two directions. The first approach is to adapt existing batch queue based HPC systems to make them more interactive. The second approach is to start with existing interactive desktop environments (e.g., MATLAB) and design a system from the ground up that allows interactive parallel computing. The Lincoln Laboratory Grid (LLGrid) project has taken the latter approach. The LLGrid system has been operational for over a year with a few hundred processors and roughly 70 users, having run over 13,000 interactive jobs and consumed approximately 10,000 processor days of computation. This paper compares the on-demand and interactive computing features of four prominent batch queuing systems: openPBS, Sun GridEngine, Condor, and LSF. It goes on to briefly describe the LLGrid system, and how interactive, on-demand computing was achieved on it by binding to a resource management system. Finally, usage characteristics of the LLGrid system are discussed.
A chemiluminescence method for the analysis of H2O2 in natural waters

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was determined at nanomolar levels in natural waters by a chemiluminescent method involving reaction of hydrogen peroxide with an acridinium ester 10-methyl-9-( p -formylphenyl)-acridinium carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate. The method is simple, rapid, requires no catalyst or metal ion complexes, and has an analytical precision of 4% RSD at typical natural water concentrations. The analysis also produces a linear response over the concentration range, 5×10 −9 to 60×10 −6 M, simply by changing the pH of the solution prior to addition of the acridinium compound or by varying the concentration of the acridinium ester at constant pH. The detection limit is 5 nM and is limited primarily by the capability to obtain H 2 O 2 -free blank water. Analytical results were verified in distilled and a variety of natural water matrices by intercomparison with a completely independent fluorescence decay technique involving the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of the fluorophore scopoletin. The two methods produced results with no statistical differences in the data at the 99.9% confidence level. In addition, the method does not suffer from background fluorescence matrix effects in organic-rich environments, which hinders the applicability of commonly used natural water hydrogen peroxide analyses. Application of the method to these highly fluorescent waters is also presented.
POTENTIALS FOR FERTILITY REGULATION AT THE TUBAL LEVEL

Abstract Possibilities for development of contraceptive modalities which would act at the tubal level are considered. Tubal transport mechanisms are reviewed, and approaches which would alter sperm and/or ovum transport are discussed. Such alternatives could be initiated through modification in ciliary or muscular action, or both. The constituents of oviductal fluid which could influence capacitation, fertilization and early development are reviewed. The role of specific components, such as bicarbonate, calcium, lactate and enzyme inhibitors, is considered and possibilities of altering this environment so as to affect adversely the processes which occur within it are reviewed. Throughout, areas of incomplete information are evident, emphasizing the importance of additional efforts to evaluate tubal function and its control.
Molecular Pathways: BRAF Induces Bioenergetic Adaptation by Attenuating Oxidative Phosphorylation

Cancers acquire mutations in cooperating pathways that sustains their growth and survival. To support continued proliferation, tumor cells adapt their metabolism to balance energy production with their augmented biosynthetic needs. While most normal differentiated cells utilize mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as the bioenergetic source, cancer cells have been proposed to rely principally on cytoplasmic glycolysis. The molecular basis for this shift, termed the Warburg effect, is the subject of intense investigation, since mechanistic understanding may lead to novel approaches to target the altered metabolism of cancer cells. Recently, mutations BRAF(V600E) have emerged as a major regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Melanoma cells may utilize a metabolic shift to circumvent BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence though limiting their reliance on OXPHOS and promote proliferation. Furthermore, BRAF(V600E) acts to suppress expression of the melanocyte master regulator MITF and the mitochondrial biogenesis co-activator PGC1α. Accordingly, therapeutic inhibition of BRAF(V600E) reverses metabolic reprogramming in melanoma cells and elevates OXPHOS through increased MITF-PGC1α levels. BRAF-targeted drugs modulate the metabolic state of malignant melanoma cells, and counter-acting these adaptive responses using pharmacological agents may prove useful in combinatorial therapeutic strategies.
Multiscale Environmental Influences on Fish Assemblage Structure of South Atlantic Coastal Plain Streams

AbstractSouth Atlantic coastal plain streams are unique and understudied freshwater environments that provide crucial habitats for a wide range of aquatic taxa. We investigated patterns in fish assemblages across South Carolina's coastal plain, and developed statistical models to identify the dominant multiscale abiotic environmental factors that influence assemblage structure. Cluster and indicator species analyses of fish assemblage data collected at 208 wadeable streams indicated the presence of four predominant species associations that commonly occur in the South Atlantic coastal plain, which we termed the (1) fluvial, (2) Eastern Mudminnow, (3) centrarchid, and (4) nonfluvial assemblages. A random forest analysis indicated that geographic gradients and instream habitat variables associated with velocity, channel form, stream size, depth, and large wood generally played a greater role in distinguishing fish assemblages than catchment land cover. A follow-up principal component analysis showed that th...
Anthropogenic Influences on the Diversity of Fungi Isolated from Caves in Kentucky and Tennessee

Abstract Caves are unique habitats and important components of their ecosystems. Caves are also vital to local economies because they serve as tourist attractions. Cave habitats appear to host diverse communities of fungi. In this study we explore associations between levels of human disturbance and the diversity of fungi in four caves in Kentucky and Tennessee. Species isolated from cave soils were cultured at 10 C (cave temperature) and room temperature. The results show that fungal diversity is low in heavily trafficked sites, increases in moderately visited sites and peaks at low disturbance levels. No fungi were cultured from sites that had very rarely or never been entered before we sampled. Species were counted using the morphological species concept. Fungi from the most diverse site were also characterized using sequence data of the ITS locus. Using this method the fungi were identified as species of Bionectria, Cadophora, Fusarium, Hypocrea, Mortierella, Paraconiothyrium, Penicillium and Podospora.
System of Systems Management: A Network Management Approach

This paper presents a method of applying the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Network Management Model to the Boardman-Sauser Distinguishing Characteristics of System of Systems (SoS). The ISO model defines five conceptual areas for managing networks: performance, configuration, accounting, fault, and security. This model is both a standard and primary means for understanding the major functions of network management. The Boardman-Sauser characteristics of autonomy, belonging, connectivity, diversity, and emergence are used to recognize a SoS. These characteristics represent the fundamental "building blocks " of SoS management. In this paper the five functional areas of network management are analyzed and mapped to each of the five "building blocks" of SoS management to create a SoS Operational Management Matrix (SoSOMM). The matrix will serve as a foundation for extracting network management 'best practices' into the realm of SoS management. The proposed method will increase the overall effectiveness of SoS management practices.
SAR image compression with the Gabor transform

A compression system based on the Gabor transform is applied to detected synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The Gabor transform is a combined spatial-spectral transform that provides local spatial-frequency analyses in overlapping neighborhoods of the image. Gabor coefficients are efficiently computed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT), and a technique for visualizing the coefficients is demonstrated. Theoretical and practical constraints imposed by the Gabor transform are discussed. The compression system includes bit allocation, quantization, and lossless encoding and decoding stages. Bit allocation tradeoffs are discussed and related to perceptual image quality as well as computational measures of image fidelity. Adaptive scalar, vector, and trellis-coded quantizers are compared. Multifrequency codebooks are designed using ten training images derived from data collected at different aspect angles. Subjective image quality assessment experiments indicate that the Gabor transform/trellis-coded quantizer compression system performs significantly better than adaptive scalar and vector quantizers and JPEG on these SAR images.
Dialect distance assessment method based on comparison of pitch pattern statistical models

Dialect variations of a language have a severe impact on the performance of speech systems. Therefore, knowing how close or diverse dialects are in a given language space provides useful information to predict, or improve, system performance when there is a mismatch between train and test data. Distance measures have been used in several applications of speech processing. However, apart from phonetic measures, little if any work has been done on dialect distance measurement. This study explores differences in pitch movement microstructure among dialects. A method of dialect distance assessment based on pitch patterns modeled progressively from pitch contour primitives is proposed. The presented method does not require any manual labeling and is text-independent. The KL divergence is employed to compare the resulting statistical models. The proposed scheme is evaluated on a corpus of Arabic dialects, and shown to be consistent with the results from the spectral-based dialect classification system. Finally, it is also shown using a perceptive evaluation that the proposed objective approach correlates well with subjective distances.
Sea‐floor spreading and plate tectonics

The hypotheses of sea-floor spreading [Hess, 1968; Dietz, 1961, 1968] and plate tectonics [McKenzie and Parker, 1967; Morgan, 1968; Isacks et al., 1968; Le Pichon, 1968] have led to a fundamental new approach to many geologic problems. The theory may be stated simply as follows: To a first approximation the surface of the earth can be regarded as being composed of a number of rigid crustal plates each in motion with respect to all the others. The boundaries between the plates are the locus of most of the world's seismic, orogenic, and tectonic activity. Where these plates are separating, sea-floor spreading is occurring and oceanic crust is being formed. Boundaries of transcurrent motion are transform faults. Boundaries of compressional motion result in the formation of trenches, island arcs, and/or mountain chains.
Activators of protein kinase C increase the phosphorylation of the synapsins at sites phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the rat hippocampal slice

Previous studies have shown that activators of protein kinase C (C kinase) produce synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus. For example, the C kinase activator phorbol dibutyrate has been shown to increase transmitter release in the hippocampus. In addition, a role for C kinase in long-term potentiation has been proposed. A common assumption in such studies has been that substrates for C kinase were responsible for producing these forms of synaptic potentiation. However, we have recently shown that phorbol dibutyrate increased the phosphorylated of synapsin II (formerly protein III, Browning et al., 1987) in chromaffin cells (Haycock et al., 1988). Synapsin II is a synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoprotein that is a very poor substrate for C kinase but an excellent substrate for cAMP-dependent and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. We felt, therefore, that activation of C kinase might lead to activation of a kinase cascade. Thus effects of C kinase activation might be produced via the phosphorylation of proteins that are not substrates for C kinase. In this report we test the hypothesis that activators of C kinase increase the phosphorylation of synapsin II and an homologous protein synapsin I. Our data indicate that PdBu produced dose-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of synapsin I and synapsin II. We also performed phospho-site analysis of synapsin I using limited proteolysis. These studies indicated that PdBu increased the phosphorylation of multiple sites on synapsin I. These sites have previously been shown to be phosphorylated by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dissociation of the tubulin dimer is extremely slow, thermodynamically very unfavorable, and reversible in the absence of an energy source.

The finding that exchange of tubulin subunits between tubulin dimers (alpha-beta + alpha'beta' alpha'beta + alphabeta') does not occur in the absence of protein cofactors and GTP hydrolysis conflicts with the assumption that pure tubulin dimer and monomer are in rapid equilibrium. This assumption underlies the many physical chemical measurements of the K(d) for dimer dissociation. To resolve this discrepancy we used surface plasmon resonance to determine the rate constant for dimer dissociation. The half-time for dissociation was approximately 9.6 h with tubulin-GTP, 2.4 h with tubulin-GDP, and 1.3 h in the absence of nucleotide. A Kd equal to 10(-11) M was calculated from the measured rate for dissociation and an estimated rate for association. Dimer dissociation was found to be reversible, and dimer formation does not require GTP hydrolysis or folding information from protein cofactors, because 0.2 microM tubulin-GDP incubated for 20 h was eluted as dimer when analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. Because 20 h corresponds to eight half-times for dissociation, only monomer would be present if dissociation were an irreversible reaction and if dimer formation required GTP or protein cofactors. Additional evidence for a 10(-11) M K(d) was obtained from gel exclusion chromatography studies of 0.02-2 nM tubulin-GDP. The slow dissociation of the tubulin dimer suggests that protein tubulin cofactors function to catalyze dimer dissociation, rather than dimer assembly. Assuming N-site-GTP dissociation is from monomer, our results agree with the 16-h half-time for N-site GTP in vitro and 33 h half-life for tubulin N-site-GTP in CHO cells.
A NEW LATE CRETACEOUS GAVIALOID CROCODYLIAN FROM EASTERN NORTH AMERICA AND THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THORACOSAURS

Abstract Eothoracosaurus mississippiensis, gen. et sp. nov., is based on a skull and partial skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian) Ripley Formation of Mississippi. Less complete material from the late Campanian or early Maastrichtian of western Tennessee is referred to this taxon. It can be distinguished from late Maastrichtian Thoracosaurus neocesariensis on the basis of a wider distance between the supratemporal fenestrae, a long anterior frontal process, and closer apposition of the third and fourth dentary alveoli. Longirostrine crocodylian remains from the later Maastrichtian and earliest Paleocene of New Jersey pertain to a single species (Thoracosaurus neocesariensis), as do remains from the early Paleocene of France and Sweden (Thoracosaurus macrorhynchus). The basisphenoid in these animals is still an anteroposteriorly thin lamina wedged between the basioccipital and pterygoid, reflecting the “verticalized” condition seen in extant non-gavialoid crocodylians. At least some late...
Options for Incidental Moderate Aortic Stenosis During Concomitant Valve Surgery: A Clinical Update for the Perioperative Echocardiographer

nearly 10% over age 80 years, with eventual progression to severe AS once mild obstruction has developed. 3 Furthermore, adults with congenital heart disease comprise a growing proportion of patients with VHD, with published data pointing to approximately 1 million adult patients in the US alone. 4,5 More than 50% of these patients will need repeat cardiac surgery. 6 Bicuspid aortic valve, a common cause of AS in adults, is the most common congenital valvular defect, with an estimated prevalence of 1% to 2% in the general population. 7 The costs of AS alone as a component of valvular heart disease have been estimated to have an annual direct cost of at least $1 billion. 8 Given that AS is common in patients with valvular heart disease, the clinical scenario of incidental AS in adult cardiac surgical patients presenting for valvular surgery will fall into the practice of the perioperative echocardiographer. This expert review will outline the management options for this scenario in the era of detailed guidelines, 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). 9
Subtotal Cholecystectomy–“Fenestrating” vs “Reconstituting” Subtypes and the Prevention of Bile Duct Injury: Definition of the Optimal Procedure in Difficult Operative Conditions

Less than complete cholecystectomy has been advocated for difficult operative conditions for more than 100 years. These operations are called partial or subtotal cholecystectomy, but the terms are poorly defined and do not stipulate whether a remnant gallbladder is created. This article briefly reviews the history and development of the procedures and introduces new terms to clarify the field. The term partial is discarded, and subtotal cholecystectomies are divided into "fenestrating" and "reconstituting" types. Subtotal reconstituting cholecystectomy closes off the lower end of the gallbladder, reducing the incidence of postoperative fistula, but creates a remnant gallbladder, which may result in recurrence of symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Subtotal fenestrating cholecystectomy does not occlude the gallbladder, but may suture the cystic duct internally. It has a higher incidence of postoperative biliary fistula, but does not appear to be associated with recurrent cholecystolithiasis. Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy has advantages but may require advanced laparoscopic skills.
Integrative medicine, or not integrative medicine: that is the question

On September 26-27, 2015, the 8th European Congress for Integrative Medicine convened the Global Summit on Integrative Medicine and Healthcare in Greater Copenhagen and Helsingor, Denmark at the Culture Yard just across from Kronborg Castle, which is home to William Shakespeare's Hamlet. This article is a summary of the author's presentation about integrative medicine within the Nordic region, driving factors that determine value in healthcare, key tenets of integrative medicine that lead to healthcare cost savings and the potential for a Nordic healthcare renaissance.
Diffusion, Oxidation, and Nucleation of Crystalline Phases in the Glass- Forming System Zr60Ni25Al15

Oxidation kinetics and crystallization behavior of melt-quenched amorphous Zr60Ni25Al15 samples were studied by MeV4 He-backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. The samples were annealed between 310°C and 430° C in dry oxygen. A planar diffusion-controlled growth of an amorphous ZrAl-oxide is observed, beginning at the surface. Ni atoms diffuse from the surface back into the sample in consequence of the oxidation. Up to the glass transition temperature the temperature dependence for the diffusivity of Ni in the amorphous matrix follows an Arrhenius law with an activation energy of 1.7eV. The pre-exponential factor is about 2.8·10-5m2/s. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the amorphous alloy annealed in dry oxygen near the glass transition temperature Tg show the formation of nanocrystalline ZrO2 particles at the interface between the amorphous metal alloy and the amorphous oxide. In the late stages, the crystallization of the amorphous metallic alloy into two intermetallic phases is observed as well.
Scrap Tires Air Emissions in North Carolina

In 2003, more than 290 million scrap tires were generated in the USA. Tires can be used as fuel, either in shredded form known as tire-derived fuel (TDF) or whole, depending on the type of combustion device. Scrap tires are typically used as a supplement to traditional fuels such as coal or wood. Generally, tires need to be reduced in size to fit in most combustion units. Nearly 100 million of these tires were recycled into new products, and 130 million were reused as TDF in various industrial facilities. TDF is one of several viable alternatives to prevent newly generated scrap tires from inappropriate disposal in tire piles, and for reducing or eliminating existing tire stockpiles. Scrap tires represent both a disposal problem and a resource opportunity. Many potential negative environmental and health impacts are associated with scrap tire piles. This study focuses on an examination of North Carolina air emissions related to open tire fires, their potential health impacts, and the combustors that use tires as a fuel.
On the Wave Mechanics of Galaxies

The consistency in stellar orbital speeds, independent from their distance from galactic nuclei, is shown to be associated with an increase in their angular frequencies.
Progress of the Research on Digitized Standard Brain

Digitized Standard Brain (DSB) is an important part and the basis of human brain project and contributes to explain the mentality of human beings and the mechanism of brain diseases. Accordingly DSB has presented significant values and is becoming more and more important in the research on human brain. This paper reviews the development of DSB in the world so as to promote the establishment of DSB in our country.
Nursing for Coronary Angiography with Dual Source Spiral CT

Objective To minimize unfavorable factors and elevate accuracy of coronary angiography, nursing must be paid more attention. Methods Siemens 64-slice dual source CT , double tube high pressure syringe of MeoRao company, electrocardiogating, non-ion constrast medium are applied. 100 patients, including 65 males and 35 females are involved. Their age ranges 35-81 years old,and average age is 58. Results 96 cases are successful, 4 cases are failed. Conclusion Nursing work is an important factor of coronary angiography. Good nursing may gurantee coronary angiography.
Dental class 3 intercept clinic: a model for treating dental class 3 soldiers.

Objective: Dental Fitness Classification (DFC) 3 indicates that a soldier has a dental condition that, if not treated, is expected to result in a dental emergency within 12 months. Forty-two percent of Army recruits have DFC 3 conditions as reported by the 2000 Tri-Service Center Recruit Study. Initial entry training schools allow minimal time for dental care. The Fort Hood Class Three Intercept Clinic (CTIC) was created to treat DFC 3 conditions prior to soldiers being assigned to their units. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CTIC's ability to make soldiers dentally deployable before joining their new units at Fort Hood, Texas. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the CTIC daily sign-in logs for the period of January 1999 to May 2001 was used to identify DFC 3 soldiers. The data were analyzed to determine frequency of DFC 3 by rank, DFC after CTIC visits, distribution of treatment type needed to establish dental readiness, and to identify soldiers whose DFC 3 conditions were not treated. Additionally, for the 6 months between November 2000 and April 2001, all soldiers who remained a DFC 3 when released to their units were followed to assess how long it took for them to attain a DFC 1 or 2 status. Results: The retrospective review of the CTIC records identified 5,851 DFC 3 soldiers who in-processed to Fort Hood from January 1999 to May 2001. CTIC successfully converted 86.9% (N = 5,083) of the soldiers to DFC 1 or 2. Of a sample of 185 DFC 3 soldiers released to their units as a DFC 3, only 54% had converted to DFC 1 or 2, with 60.5 days being the mean days to convert. Conclusions: Trainees have large demands for dental care with minimal time to seek treatment during Initial Entry Training. A CTIC, or hybrid, can provide the necessary emergent dental care to remove soldiers from DFC 3 prior to their being assigned to their first permanent duty station.
Enhancing light extraction from III-nitride devices using moth-eye nanostructures formed by colloidal lithography

We report a novel, reliable, and scalable technique for the surface nanostructuring of GaN by colloidal lithography. Moth-eye protuberances of varying dimensions have been formed on bulk GaN substrates and on samples containing an InGaN multiple-quantum-well active layer, grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Angle-resolved optical characterization and photoluminescence (PL) indicates enhanced transmission through these samples compared to flat, unstructured surfaces. We analyze the potential mechanisms causing this enhancement, such as recycling of PL pump light, improved first-pass extraction, and improved diffuse scattering. The impact of these effects is evaluated using finite-difference time-domain and effective medium theory simulations. Light extraction with moth-eye nanostructures is compared to state-of-the-art methods for c-plane and semipolar GaN surface roughening.
DNA methylation in a sea lamprey vasotocin receptor gene promoter correlates with tissue- and life-stage-specific mRNA expression

The jawless vertebrate sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) genome has a different structure from both invertebrates and jawed vertebrates featuring high guanine-cytosine (GC) content. This raises the question of whether DNA methylation of cytosine-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides could function to regulate lamprey gene transcription. We previously characterized a lamprey arginine vasotocin (AVT) receptor gene (Pm807) possessing characteristics of both arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1A and oxytocin (OXT) receptor genes of jawed vertebrates. Lamprey Pm807 mRNA is highly expressed in adult heart and larval liver but not expressed in adult liver. Using high-resolution melt (HRM) PCR on bisulfite-converted DNA, we pinpointed a region with tissue-specific differences in DNA melt characteristics, indicating differences in methylation level. Sequencing revealed a pattern of methylation at specific CpGs at consistently higher levels in adult heart and larval liver than adult liver. These CpGs are associated with putative transcription factor binding sequences organized similarly to functional OXTR promoters in mammals, suggesting functional similarity in lamprey gene transcription regulation.
Meta-Analyses of the Intra- and Interpersonal Outcomes of Interpersonal Coordination

Interpersonal coordination, the extent to which social partners coordinate each other’s postures and mannerisms, acts as a “social glue” that serves both individual and social goals, such as producing prosocial behaviors and facilitating harmonious interactions. Research in this area has become prominent in a variety of domains both within and outside of psychology, forming a sizeable literature dedicated to investigating the causes and consequences of interpersonal coordination. We conducted a series of meta-analyses on studies that treated interpersonal coordination as an independent variable, in order to measure its effect on several intrapersonal (e.g., mood, need to belong) and interpersonal (e.g., prosocial behavior) outcomes, as well as several potential moderators (e.g., percentage of female participants) that may affect the strength of the effect. Overall, the results demonstrated that the positive effects of interpersonal coordination are robust, with a few exceptions specific to intrapersonal outcomes. These findings provide a much-needed quantitative summary of the literature on interpersonal coordination, and highlight areas that merit future research.
Adhesion of a micro-/nano- beam/plate to a sinusoidal/grooved surface

Abstract Micro- and nano-scale elements are more prone to the effects of adhesion than are their macro-scale counterparts. At the same time these structural elements are important in a variety of modern applications. For example carbon nanotubes and single layer graphene have excellent mechanical and electrical properties which make them attractive elements for many of these small scale applications. Adhesive contact and the resulting morphology of micro-/nano-scale beams/plates on a sinusoidal/grooved surface are the subject of this investigation. A non-dimensional adhesion energy is shown to play a key role in the transition between different configurations. There are three possible morphologies – point/line contact at the surface peaks, partially conformal contact over a finite length, and fully conformal contact. The objective of this study is to determine the conditions under which these elements will follow the topology of the surface, when separation will occur, and the extent of the separation. There are three different ways to model this behavior: a) without the stiffening effect as has been studied in a previous investigation; b) with the stiffening effect due to the contact regions being prevented from slipping axially, thereby inducing tension due to transverse displacement; c) the case with frictional slip regions which reduces the induced tension compared to case (b). The analysis uses continuum theory with bending and induced tension as needed. As the adhesion energy increases, the induced tension increases and the contact region increases. The three different models show significant quantitative differences.
New Technology And The International Divisions Of Labour: A Case Study Of The Indian Software Industry

This paper investigates the divisions of labour affecting the inter-nationalisation of software production, using the example of the Indian software industry. Two international divisions of labour are seen. First, a skill division in which only the less-skilled production tasks are usually undertaken by Indian workers. Second, a locational division such that most export work takes place outside India. A number of dynamic factors - deepening of client-developer relations; protectionist pressures; new technologies - are encouraging change. While these findings do not deny the importance of ‘cheap labour, they do highlight the impact of other variables (skills, trust, risk) which make relocation of production back to developed countries unlikely.
Abstract 9949: NADH/NAD+ Sensitive Protein Hyper-acetylation Links Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Cardiac Susceptibility to Stress

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a recognized player in heart failure progression although the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Using a mouse model with Complex I-deficiency (cardiac Ndufs4-KO, cKO), we had shown that impairment of mitochondrial function led to increases in NADH/NAD+ ratio and inhibition of sirtuin activity. The resultant mitochondrial lysine acetylation (LysAc) sensitized the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and exacerbated heart failure progression. Here, we show that elevation of cardiac NAD+ levels pharmacologically or genetically normalized LysAc levels and rescued cardiac dysfunction in cKO mice under stresses. Furthermore, pressure overload in control mice also led to increases in cardiac NADH/NAD+ ratio, mitochondrial LysAc levels and mPTP sensitivity. All of them were normalized by increasing cardiac NAD+ levels. Together with the elevated LysAc levels in human failing hearts, these data support the roles of LysAc in human heart failure progression. Interestingly, proteomics analysis revealed increased LysAc of proteins in the mitochondria as well as in the cytosol and nucleus from cKO hearts without changes in the total protein amount. We identified LysAc of mitochondrial malate aspartate shuttle (MAS) as a mechanism for communicating elevated NADH/NAD+ ratio in the mitochondria to the cytosol, resulting in hyperacetylation of non-mitochondrial proteins. Furthermore, increased LysAc sensitized the mPTP to stress by promoting the binding of cyclophilin D (CypD) to the ATP synthase complex via increased interaction with oligomycin-sensitive conferring protein (OSCP). In silico docking calculation revealed an interaction interface between CypD and OSCP in ATP synthase complex, and their interaction can be facilitated via acetylation of the specific lysine residues identified by the acetylome analysis. This study unveils novel mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction modulates protein modification and the propensity to cardiac dysfunction during stress. The results also identify NADH/NAD+ ratio as a therapeutic target for the progression of heart failure.
Prefrontal gray matter volume predicts metacognitive accuracy following traumatic brain injury

Objective To examine metacognitive ability (MC) following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) using an empirical assessment approach and to determine the relationship between alterations in gray matter volume (GMV) and MC. Method A sample of 62 individuals (TBI n = 34; healthy control [HC] n = 28) were included in the study. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological data were collected for all participants during the same visit. MC was quantified using an approach borrowed from signal detection theory (Type II area under the receiver operating characteristic curve calculation) to evaluate judgments during a modified version of the 3rd edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale's Matrix Reasoning subtest where half of the items were presented randomly and half were presented in the order of increasing difficulty. Retrospective confidence judgments were collected on an item-by-item basis. Brain volumetric analyses were conducted using FreeSurfer software. Results Analyses of the modified Matrix Reasoning task data demonstrated that HCs significantly outperformed TBIs (ordered: d = .63; random: d = .58). There was a significant difference between groups for MC for the randomly presented stimuli (d = .54) but not the ordered stimuli. There was an association between GMV and MC in the TBI group between the right orbital region and MC (R2 = .11). In the HC group, there were associations between the left posterior (R2 = .17), left orbital (R2 = .29), and left dorsolateral (R2 = .21) regions and MC. Conclusions These results are consistent with those of previous research on MC in the cognitive neurosciences, but this study demonstrates that injury may moderate the regional contributions to MC. (PsycINFO Database Record
Benchmark Requirements for Assessing Software Security Vulnerability Testing Tools

Consistent growth in the software sector of the world economies has attracted both targeted and mass-scale attacks by cybercriminals. Producing reliable and secure software is difficult because of its growing complexity and the increasing number of sophisticated attacks. Developers cannot afford to believe that their security measures during development are perfect and impenetrable. In fact, many new software security vulnerabilities are discovered on a daily basis. Therefore, it is vital to identify and resolve those security vulnerabilities as early as possible. Security Vulnerability Testing (SVT), as an active defense, is the key to the agile detection and prevention of known and unknown security vulnerabilities. However, many software engineers lack the awareness of the importance of security vulnerability and the necessary knowledge and skills at the testing and operational stages. As a first step towards filling this gap, this paper advocates for building skills in selecting proper benchmarks for the assessment of SVT tools to enable distinguishing effective security tools from trivial ones. Thus, we develop a set of benchmark requirements to fulfill this need, primarily guiding newcomers and researcher into this discipline.
Government Data Mining

Government data mining is widespread and expanding. A 2004 report by the General Accounting Office found 42 federal departments - including every cabinet-level agency that responded to the GAO's survey - engaged in, or were planning to engage in, 122 data mining efforts involving personal information. Thirty-six of those involve accessing data from the private sector; 46 involve sharing data among federal agencies. These programs present vexing legal and policy issues about the government's access to, and use of, personal information, especially when that information is obtained from the private sector or another government agency or when it concerns individuals who have done nothing to warrant suspicion. Surprisingly, many of these issues have not yet been addressed by statutes or judicial decisions, or the applicable law is uncertain or unclear. This paper examines the technological and geopolitical factors that have raised - and complicated - this question, and helped to render existing law inadequate. It describes that law and the legal and other issues posed by data mining, but not resolved by existing law. The paper includes a summary of the recommendations of the DOD Technology and Privacy Advisory Committee - the most recent word on the subject - which are currently under consideration by Congress and the Secretary of Defense.
In Praise of Objective-Subjectivity: Teaching the Pursuit of Precision

Building upon aspects of Israel Scheffler’s philosophy, this essay takes up the search for forms of education that will lead to increased participation in “a universal conversation in the making.” In particular, it looks at how the rational passions may either enhance or impede the possibility of intelligible discourse between opponents. On the impediment side, the phenomenon of ‘communicative isolation’ is investigated, along with the nature of arrogant perception and the problematic role played by negative rational passions. The conclusion reached is one that advocates the cultivation of ‘objective-subjectivity’ — a practice that combines reflexivity and precise self-awareness with the conscious exercise of positive rational passions.
Queering the Redneck Riviera: sexuality and the rise of Florida tourism

After World War II, as Florida’s economy grew more dependent upon tourism, Florida became ‘The Sunshine State’. Floridians, especially political leaders and business promoters, were obsessed with m...
Contemplation as Resistance to Ageism, and its Historical Context: Mexican Writers Carmen Boullosa, Guadalupe Nettel, and María Rivera

Carmen Boullosa’s (1954) daring “Mis cadaveres” (My Cadavers, 2003) shares achievements with Guadalupe Nettel’s (1972) “El cuerpo en que naci” (The Body in Which I Was Born) (2011) and Maria Rivera...
Fast and accurate medication identification

Much of the AI work in healthcare is focused around disease prediction in clinical settings, which is an important application that has yet to deliver in earnest. However, there are other fundamental aspects like helping patients and care teams interact and communicate in efficient and meaningful ways, which could deliver quadruple-aim improvements. After heart disease and cancer, preventable medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States. The largest subset of medical errors is medication error. Providing the right treatment plan for patients includes knowledge about their current medications and drug allergies, an often challenging task. The widespread growth of prescribing and consuming medications has increased the need for applications that support medication reconciliation. We show a deep-learning application that can help reduce avoidable errors with their attendant risk, i.e., correctly identifying prescription medication, which is currently a tedious and error-prone task. We demonstrate prescription-pill identification from mobile images in the NIH NLM Pill Image Recognition Challenge dataset. Our application recognizes the correct pill within the top-5 results at 94% accuracy, which compares favorably to the original competition winner at 83.3% for top-5 under comparable, though not identical configurations. The Institute of Medicine claims that better use of information technology can be an important step in reducing medication errors. Therefore, we believe that a more immediate impact of AI in healthcare will occur with a seamless integration of AI into clinical workflows, readily addressing the quadruple aim of healthcare.
Abstract 3287: Survival disparities for second primary malignancies diagnosed among childhood cancer survivors: A population-based assessment

Background: Curative therapy places childhood cancer survivors at increased risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). However, there have been few population-based attempts to characterize differences in outcomes between SPMs in childhood cancer survivors and comparable de novo first primary malignancies (FPMs). Methods: We extracted clinical and demographic information from childhood cancer survivors who developed SPMs and from individuals with comparable de novo FPMs using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 1973-2015 database. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models comparing overall survival (OS) between individuals with and without a history of childhood cancer. OS was evaluated overall and within specific cancers diagnosed in ≥50 childhood cancer survivors. Models accounted for potential confounders, including sex, race, age, decade of diagnosis, histology, and disease stage. Results: Compared to individuals with FPMs (n=1,332,203), childhood cancer survivor with a similar SPM as the FPMs (n=1,409) experienced poorer OS (HR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.72-2.02) after accounting for age, sex, race, and decade of diagnosis. Estimated five-year overall survival for SPMs diagnosed in survivors of childhood cancer was 61.7% (95% CI: 58.9-64.4), compared to 77.4% (95% CI: 75.0-79.5) among de novo FPMs propensity score-matched on confounding factors. A history of childhood cancer remained a poor prognostic factor for all specific cancer evaluated, including: breast (HR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.63-2.62), thyroid (HR=3.59, 95%CI: 2.08-6.19), acute myeloid leukemia (HR=2.38, 95%CI:1.87-3.05), brain (HR=2.09, 95%CI:1.72-2.55), melanoma (HR=2.57, 95%CI: 1.55-4.27), bone (HR=1.88, 95%CI:1.37-2.57), and soft tissue sarcoma (HR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.78-3.33). Survival disparities were most pronounced in survivors diagnosed with a childhood cancer before age 10 (HR=2.83, 95%CI: 2.46-3.25), diagnosed with a SPM within 10 years of the childhood cancer (HR=2.61, 95%CI: 2.29-2.99), and exposed to radiotherapy during childhood (HR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.92-2.37). Conclusion: Compared to individuals without a prior cancer diagnosis, survivors of childhood cancer with a SPM experience inferior outcomes. These survival disparities persist across cancer types, therapeutic exposures, and clinical factors. Citation Format: Austin L. Brown, Vidal M. Arroyo, Jennifer Agrusa, Michael E. Scheurer, Maria M. Gramatges, Philip J. Lupo. Survival disparities for second primary malignancies diagnosed among childhood cancer survivors: A population-based assessment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3287.
Cervical Spine Injuries in Children

Pediatric cervical spine injuries are not commonly encountered; however, early diagnosis and proper management are critical to optimize outcomes. The pediatric spine differs significantly from the adult spine leading to differing injury patterns. In this paper, we review the required diagnostic studies, the most common injury patterns, and treatment options for pediatric patients with a cervical injury.
Distributed Client/Server and Data

Client/Server provides another level of sophistication in the implementation of systems. The concept of Client/Server is based on distributed processing, where programs and data are placed in the most efficient places.
“Multiplex” rheostat positions cluster around allosterically critical regions of the lactose repressor protein

Abstract Amino acid variation at “rheostat” positions provides opportunity to modulate various aspects of protein function – such as binding affinity or allosteric coupling – across a wide range. Previously a subclass of “multiplex” rheostat positions was identified at which substitutions simultaneously modulated more than one functional parameter. Using the Miller laboratory’s dataset of ∼4000 variants of lactose repressor protein (LacI), we compared the structural properties of multiplex rheostat positions with (i) “single” rheostat positions that modulate only one functional parameter, (ii) “toggle” positions that follow textbook substitution rules, and (iii) “neutral” positions that tolerate any substitution without changing function. The combined rheostat classes comprised >40% of LacI positions, more than either toggle or neutral positions. Single rheostat positions were broadly distributed over the structure. Multiplex rheostat positions structurally overlapped with positions involved in allosteric regulation. When their phenotypic outcomes were interpreted within a thermodynamic framework, functional changes at multiplex positions were uncorrelated. This suggests that substitutions lead to complex changes in the underlying molecular biophysics. Bivariable and multivariable analyses of evolutionary signals within multiple sequence alignments could not differentiate single and multiplex rheostat positions. Phylogenetic analyses – such as ConSurf – could distinguish rheostats from toggle and neutral positions. Multivariable analyses could also identify a subset of neutral positions with high probability. Taken together, these results suggest that detailed understanding of the underlying molecular biophysics, likely including protein dynamics, will be required to discriminate single and multiplex rheostat positions from each other and to predict substitution outcomes at these sites.
Optical Fiber-Tip Heat Sensor Featuring a Multipositional Fabry–Pérot Cavity Resonator

A Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) resonator featuring a multi-positional, hinged mirror monolithically fabricated by two-photon polymerization (2PP) is demonstrated as a temperature sensor. The hinged mirror enables both a concave optical surface and a gold, high-reflective (HR) coating to be integrated into a cavity less than 30 μm long. These features are known to improve the performance of the FPC resonator but could not be jointly realized with previous designs. The resonant wavelength of the device shifts in response to temperature changes, and a sensitivity of 0.191±0.007 /°C over approximately 22.2 – 50.6 °C is demonstrated. This represents only one application of the multi-positional mirror, which facilitates post-processing with directional deposition techniques.