cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Auditory Comprehension in Aphasia

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the disturbances of auditory comprehension in aphasia. The comprehension of aphasics has been studied less than their expressions because the analysis of comprehension must be based on the observation of overt responses; it is thus confounded by output deficits. The chapter also discusses the early contributions to the study of comprehension deficits in aphasia and reviews various techniques that have been developed for the assessment of comprehension, including single tests and large test batteries. Aphasia is defined as the loss of language ability that is secondary to cerebral damage and that causes a disorder of translation of thoughts into words and words into thoughts. Within this broad definition, aphasic syndromes may be divided into two types: those with nonfluent and those with fluent output. About 20% of all patients with aphasia have Broca's aphasia. The diagnosis of this form of aphasia is based on the observation of reduced verbal output in both speech and writing.
Injektionstechniken am Handgelenk

Der distale Handblock findet vorwiegend Anwendung beim Karpaltunnelsyndrom. Ein Karpaltunnelsyndrom zeigt sich anfanglich durch:
Doctors as migration brokers in the mandatory medical screenings of immigrants to the United States

Applicants for legal permanent residency in the United States are required to pass a medical screening. Most of these applicants are already living in the United States on non-immigrant and tempora...
Fighting the inevitable: infrastructure investment and coastal community adaptation to sea level rise

Coastal communities are crafting adaptation strategies to confront sea level rise (SLR). Unfortunately, cost–benefit analyses that assess SLR risks often fail to capture important political and social feedbacks. For example, adaptation measures (e.g., beach nourishment) can trigger greater development, undermining the value of adaptation infrastructure, incentivizing development, and increasing risks. We integrate diverse literature and data to develop a hypothesis and system dynamics model of coastal community responses to SLR. We apply the model to two U.S. communities, showing how political influence drives trajectories of infrastructure provision, cost, and vulnerability. We find that delayed feedbacks between perceived SLR risk and infrastructure investments mediate relationships between political capital, migration, and economic development. Community wealth and political influence may only delay the overshoot and collapse of its population and economy, as the “virtuous cycles” linking growth with infrastructure investment give way to “vicious cycles” of mounting infrastructure costs, political resistance to additional investment, and greater vulnerability. Copyright © 2018 System Dynamics Society
Time Reversal as Self-Supervision

A longstanding challenge in robot learning for manipulation tasks has been the ability to generalize to varying initial conditions, diverse objects, and changing objectives. Learning based approaches have shown promise in producing robust policies, but require heavy supervision to efficiently learn precise control, especially from visual inputs. We propose a novel self-supervision technique that uses time-reversal to learn goals and provide a high level plan to reach them. In particular, we introduce the time-reversal model (TRM), a self-supervised model which explores outward from a set of goal states and learns to predict these trajectories in reverse. This provides a high level plan towards goals, allowing us to learn complex manipulation tasks with no demonstrations or exploration at test time. We test our method on the domain of assembly, specifically the mating of tetris-style block pairs. Using our method operating atop visual model predictive control, we are able to assemble tetris blocks on a physical robot using only uncalibrated RGB camera input, and generalize to unseen block pairs. this http URL
Engagement in Religious Education: Focusing on Spiritual and Religious Capabilities

Religious education in Catholic schools in Western Australia is considered to be the ‘first’ learning area (Catholic Education Commission of Western Australia [CECWA], Mandate of the Catholic education commission of Western Australia 2009–2015, 2009a). This learning area is a classroom-based activity with a significant emphasis on student understanding of content.
Soil carbon pool structure and temperature sensitivity inferred using CO2 and 13CO2 incubation fluxes from five Hawaiian soils

We measured respiration and δ13C values of respiredand soil carbon in long-term incubations of soils from two forests andthree pastures along an altitudinal gradient in Hawaii. CO2fluxes early in the incubations decreased rapidly, and then stabilizedat approximately 20% of initial values for sevenmonths. We suggest that the rapid drop and subsequent stabilizationof respiration reflects a change in the dominant source of theCO2 from labile (active) to much more recalcitrantpools of soil organic matter (SOM). Estimates of active SOM weremade by integrating all of the carbon respired in excess of thatattributable to respiration of the intermediate SOM pool; thesevalues ranged from 0.7–4.3% of total soil C.δ13C values for carbon respired from the pasturesoils showed that older, forest-derived C contributed an increasingfraction of total soil respiration with time. Initial and late-stagerespiration responded similarly to changes in temperature, suggestingthat intermediate SOM is as sensitive to temperature as the activefraction.
Guest editor's introduction: the revenge of Plato's pigs

Dear Reader,You've probably heard the story of the city of pigs before, that lovely allegory in Book II of the Republic, where Socrates attempts to prove that justice is not only desirable, but belongs to the highest class of desirable things: those desired for their own sake and consequence. But this is an important story to retell, as it frames the consequence of the scholarship contained in this issue on environmental justice and technical communication in a way that perhaps few other stories can.
Direct Metalation of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitrocubane with Amides of Tin and Lead. Preparation and Chemistry of o-Nitrostannanes and o-Nitroplumbanes in the Cubyl Series(1).

Trialkyltin and trialkyllead amides react directly and remarkably easily with 1,3,5,7-tetranitrocubane to form mono- to tetrakis(trialkyltin)- and -(trialkyllead) tetranitrocubanes. These are all s...
Proactive Defense Through Deception

Cyberattacks are typically preceded by a reconnaissance phase in which attackers aim at collecting valuable information about the target system, including network topology, service dependencies, operating systems (OSs), and unpatched vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, when system configurations are static, given enough time, attackers can always acquire accurate knowledge about the target system through a variety of tools—including OS and service fingerprinting—and engineer effective exploits. To address this important problem and increase the resiliency of systems against known and unknown attacks, many techniques have been devised to dynamically and periodically change some aspects of a system’s configuration in order to introduce uncertainty for the attacker. However, these techniques, commonly referred to as moving target defenses, may introduce a significant overhead for the defender. To address this limitation, we present a graph-based approach for manipulating the attacker’s view of a system’s attack surface, which does not require altering the actual configuration of a system. To achieve this objective, we first formalize the notions of system view and distance between views and then define a principled approach to manipulating responses to attacker’s probes so as to induce an external view of the system that satisfies certain desirable properties. In particular, we propose efficient algorithmic solutions to two classes of problems, namely, (i) inducing an external view that is at a minimum distance from the internal view while minimizing the cost for the defender and (ii) inducing an external view that maximizes the distance from the internal view, given an upper bound on the cost for the defender. In order to demonstrate practical applicability of the proposed approach, we present deception-based techniques for defeating an attacker’s effort to fingerprint OSs and services on the target system. These techniques consist in manipulating outgoing traffic so that it resembles traffic generated by a completely different system. Experimental results show that our approach can efficiently and effectively deceive an attacker.
Satire, Celebrity, and Politics in Jane Austen / Jane Austen and Masculinity / Jane Austen and Sciences of the Mind

Those of us in Austen studies anticipated a banner year for new publications in 2017, the bicentennial of Jane Austen’s death. Our expectations were met—and 2018 brought even more monographs and co...
Prof. Ana Donaldson

Describing the life, accomplishments, journey, and academic work of Professor Ana Donaldson requires one to follow many routes.
Safety issues regarding early extubation after coronary artery bypass surgery

Potential safety issues related to early extubation include the effect of changes in anesthetic management on intraoperative hemodynamics, stress responses and awareness, altered management in the control of pain, shivering and ischemia in the early postoperative period, and the risks of reintubation in patients who might require reoperation for bleeding. The literature does not implicate any technique necessary to facilitate early extubation as being associated with adverse outcome. Definitive outcome studies are only beginning to be presented, but the data so far suggest that early extubation is not associated with any increase risk of mortality or morbidity, including, specifically, myocardial ischemia or infarction. These studies of early extubation have involved selected patients, and it is unknown but unlikely that early extubation can be recommended for all patients, particularly those who might be at risk for perioperative ischemia as the result of inadequate myocardial protection, unsatisfactory surgery, or other factors yet to be identified. In the absence of definitive studies, it may be prudent to manage high-risk patients with a more conservative approach. Complications such as low cardiac output, arrhythmias, stroke, and perioperative myocardial infarction have not increased with early extubation, at least in patients selected for early extubation on the basis of preoperative characteristics. In summary, available evidence suggests that early extubation, applied to many but probably not all patients, can be accomplished without demonstrable patient harm. A coordinated approach involving anesthesia, surgery, nursing, respiratory therapy, and other support services is essential, and constant reevaluation as events unfold, rather than rigid protocols, allows care to be individualized to the specific needs of each patient.
Altered rheological properties of blood following administrations of tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Tissue blood flow is determined by rheological properties of blood as well as by vascular resistance. In acute myocardial infarction patients who participated in the TIMI I trial, we compared the effects of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and streptokinase (SK) on blood rheological properties and plasma fibrinogen concentration. Blood viscosity was determined by using a coaxial cylinder viscometer at shear rates, γ, of 0.01-200 sec-1. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability was studied by filtration through poly-carbonate microsieves with pore size of 3 and 5 μm. Therapy with rt-PA resulted in slight decreases but statistically significant in blood viscosity from 5.2±0.5 to 4.9±0.4 cP (γ = 52 sec-1), plasma viscosity from 1.36±0.09 to 1.32±0.06 cP, and plasma fibrinogen from 0.26 ± 0.04 to 0.21 ±0.03 g/dl. SK therapy resulted in reductions in blood viscosity from 5.1 ± 0.5 to 4.6 ± 0.3 cP, plasma viscosity from 1.26 ± 0.10 to 1.16 ± 0.03 cP, and fibrinogen from 0.26 ± 0.06 to 0.10 ± 0.05 g/dl. Changes observed with SK were significantly greater than those observed with rt-PA (all p <0.05), and the differences persisted at 10 days after thrombolytic therapy. RBC deformability was similar in the two groups. The greater reduction of blood viscosity after SK than rt-PA suggests that, for a given degree of arterial patency, myocardial blood flow may be better maintained with SK than rt-PA in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Pericardiocentesis Simulation Model: Low Cost, Easy to Assemble, Effective Task Trainer.

Pericardial effusion is a potentially lethal condition. If it is discovered early, it can be treated by pericardiocentesis under controlled condition with imaging by experienced care providers. If it is diagnosed at a later stage with clinical compromise, then an emergent procedure might be necessary. Since it is encountered infrequently, many providers may have little or no experience in managing the condition and performing a life-saving pericardiocentesis. This is a technical report that describes the creation of a neonatal model for pericardiocentesis. This is a high-fidelity, low-cost model that is simple to create. Materials that are inexpensive and easy to obtain are utilized to make the model. Neonatal care providers, including residents, fellows, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and attendings, can practice with this model. In some medical centers, an echocardiogram or bedside ultrasound is available to guide needle insertion; however, practicing the procedure on a model provides valuable experience. This model is designed to teach the performance of unguided pericardiocentesis without the use of simultaneous imaging. Included with this technical report are a supply list, a checklist, and a suggested scenario that can be used in association with this model. In this article, we have discussed our own experience and described lessons learned about training neonatal care providers in pericardiocentesis.
Diagnosis and management of a metastatic mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with synchronous primary lung cancer.

Mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasias (GTNs) are rare placental tumours that arise from abnormal fertilisation events. To date, only 34 patients with mixed GTNs have been reported in the literature. As such, the management of such cases remains challenging. This report presents a case of a mixed GTN that was further complicated by a synchronous primary lung adenocarcinoma. Our patient was initially treated with hysterectomy, with surveillance labwork showing persistence of her malignancy. She then began combination chemotherapy, at the end of which she appeared to be in remission clinically. Unfortunately, subsequent imaging showed the persistence of pulmonary nodules that were ultimately resected, demonstrating a new primary lung adenocarcinoma. At present, she remains free of both cancers 2 years after her initial diagnosis. The complexity of this case underscores the importance of patient-centred treatment for rare tumours and the role of a multidisciplinary team in the effort to provide holistic care.
Keeping your coparent in mind: A longitudinal investigation of mindfulness in the family system.

Recent studies have increasingly focused on mindfulness as it relates to interpersonal processes. In particular, cross-sectional research has shown that parents' dispositional mindfulness is associated with increased mindful parenting and coparenting, as well as improved coparenting relationship quality. The current study replicates and extends such work, representing the first longitudinal investigation of mindful coparenting. A sample of 449 parents (60% mothers) of children between the ages of 3 and 17 years were recruited online through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) as part of a larger study on the assessment of parenting. Parents reported on their dispositional mindfulness, mindful coparenting, and coparenting relationship quality at three time points across an 8-month period. Results from a cross-lagged panel model using maximum likelihood estimation suggested that higher levels of parental mindfulness at baseline were related with higher levels of mindful coparenting at 4 months, which, in turn, were related to higher quality coparenting relationship at 8 months. Support for this model was found for both mothers and fathers and across all examined child age groups (i.e., early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence), highlighting the robust nature of these effects. Overall, findings suggest that increasing mindfulness at an individual level can promote meaningful change within a family system, specifically through improvements in coparenting and parent-child interactions.
Using Novel, Agent-Based Periodic Mobility Model with Super Spreaders to Analyze Vaccination Strategies for COVID-19

Abstract Background With the innovation of vaccines to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, following an effective vaccination strategy is crucial in mitigating deaths and hospitalizations and offering the greatest protection to a community or locality within the early months of vaccine-availability, when resources may be scarce. By using a novel agent-based periodic mobility model that captures periodic movement, which attempts to model human movement patterns, super spreaders, and ICU hospitalizations, this study attempts to find the best strategy for vaccinating individuals to mitigate the damage of COVID-19. Results This study found that a vaccination strategy that first vaccinates the elderly would be most effective at mitigating deaths and lowering the ICU hospitalization peak during the first two months of vaccine rollout. Conclusion For communities that are early in their vaccine campaign or that have limited resources for vaccination, we recommend that they prioritize vaccinating the elderly who are more susceptible to COVID-19 first.
Survival Analysis and Censored Data

In this chapter, we will consider the topics of survival analysis and censored data. These arise in the analysis of a unique kind of outcome variable: the time until an event occurs.
Pilot Testing of Simulation in the Evaluation of a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Electronic Health Record for use in Disaster Intensive Care.

OBJECTIVES: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid creation and management of ICU field hospitals with effective remote monitoring which is dependent on the rapid deployment and integration of an Electronic Health Record (EHR). We describe the use of simulation to evaluate a rapidly scalable hub-and-spoke model for EHR deployment and monitoring using asynchronous training. METHODS: We adapted existing commercial EHR products to serve as the point of entry from a simulated hospital and a separate system for tele-ICU support and monitoring of the interfaced data. To train our users we created a modular video-based curriculum to facilitate asynchronous training. Effectiveness of the curriculum was assessed through completion of common ICU documentation tasks in a high-fidelity simulation. Additional endpoints include assessment of EHR navigation, user satisfaction (Net Promoter), system usability (System Usability Scale-SUS), and cognitive load (NASA-TLX). RESULTS: A total of 5 participants achieved a 100% task completion on all domains except ventilator data (91%). Systems demonstrated high degrees of satisfaction (Net Promoter = 65.2), acceptable usability (SUS = 66.5), and acceptable cognitive load (NASA-TLX = 41.5); with higher levels of cognitive load correlating with the number of screens employed. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical usability of a comprehensive and rapidly deployable EHR was acceptable in an intensive care simulation which was preceded by < 1 hour of video education about the EHR. This model should be considered in plans for integrated clinical response with remote and accessory facilities.
Peroxidase Isoenzymes from Horseradish Roots IV. STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS

Abstract The reactivity of histidine in horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes A1 and C was determined by titrating with diazonium-1H-tetrazole. No exposed histidine residue was detected in the native isoenzymes. Upon removal of the heme prosthetic group, however, all three histidine residues became titratable. Studies with p-chloromercuribenzoate and 14C-iodoacetamide indicated that the 6 half-cystine residues were present as three disulfide linkages. No sulfhydryl groups were detected, even in the presence of 8 m urea. Gel filtration studies showed that reduction and carboxymethylation of the three disulfide bonds yielded a single molecular weight species similar in size to the apoperoxidase. Upon electrophoresis the reduced and carboxymethylated derivatives migrated as a single protein band. These findings show that the three disulfide linkages were intrachain (connecting different parts of a single polypeptide chain) and not interchain (connecting separate polypeptide chains). Tryptic peptide map experiments showed that peroxidase isoenzymes can be segregated into at least three distinct groups; an anionic group, consisting of perioxidase A1 and A2; a second anionic group consisting only of peroxidase A3; and a cationic group consisting of peroxidase B and C. There appear to be many points of difference in primary structure among the three groups. The differences between the isoenzymes within a single group, i.e. between peroxidase A1 and A2 or between peroxidase B and C, were not established.
Malignancy following treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cyclophosphamide. Long-term case-control follow-up study.

Abstract A long-term retrospective case-control study was performed comparing 119 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with cyclophosphamide and 119 matched control patients with rheumatoid arthritis not treated with cyclophosphamide to determine the risk of subsequent malignancy. Thirty-seven malignancies were detected in 29 cyclophosphamide-treated patients, while 16 malignancies were found in 16 control patients (p
Characterization of a Proposed Oxytocin Receptor in Rat Mammary Gland

Abstract [3H]Oxytocin, incubated with mammary tissue from the lactating rat, was bound specifically to three particulate fractions obtained by homogenization and centrifugation at 1,000, 20,000, and 105,000 x g. Radioactivity in the cytosol appeared to be unbound oxytocin, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Oxytocin was distributed about equally among the three particulate fractions and could not be correlated with either the amount of protein or the enzymes putatively characteristic of cell membranes, mitochondria, or microsomes. [3H]Oxytocin, added directly to particles sedimenting between 1,000 and 20,000 x g, was bound with an apparent Kd of 7.6 x 10-10 m under optimal conditions; 0.28 pmole of oxytocin was bound per mg of protein. Binding was maximal in 1 hour at 20°. The affinities of synthetic analogues of oxytocin, [4-threonine]oxytocin g oxytocin g [8-valine]oxytocin g [8-lysine]vasopressin g [4-proline]oxytocin, paralleled their milk-ejecting activities in rat mammary tissue. [3H]Oxytocin did not appear to be metabolized during incubation. Binding was enhanced by Mn2+ and Co2+ g Mg2+ g Zn2+ and was absent in the presence of 1 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Ca2+, 50 mm, did not affect binding nor did 100 mm NaCl, LiCl, or KCl. Binding in 50 mm Tris-maleate buffer, containing 20 mm Mn2+, was optimum at pH 7.6. Trypsin depressed binding about 30%; phospholipases A, C, and D and neuraminidase did not. Sulfhydryl reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetate did not inhibit binding whereas p-hydroxymercuribenzoate did. Butanedione and sodium fluoride did not affect binding. Binding was markedly depressed by 1 mm ATP but not by guanosine triphosphate, cytosine triphosphate, hypoxanthine triphosphate, or uridine triphosphate. The binding material in the 20,000 x g particles of mammary tissue presumably is part of the oxytocin-receptor system because binding specificity paralleled biological specificity, and the high affinity of the binding sites for oxytocin is commensurate with physiological levels of the hormone. The receptor must be a protein, at least in part, because of its susceptibility to trypsin and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate.
Output-column folding for cellular-architecture FPGAs

The work described in this paper is a component of our comprehensive approach to the low-level synthesis (logic synthesis and layout synthesis) of Cellular-Architecture (CA-type) FPGAs. A multiple-output logic function is represented as a collection of complex terms. Each term is assigned to a separate row of a CA-type FPGA. These terms are collected using EXOR or OR gates to create function outputs, initially one output per column. In this paper an algorithm for multiple column folding of CA-type FPGAs is presented. The formulation of the problem is similar to the gate matrix layout problem but with additional constraints. Experimental results are very encouraging. >
Immunochemical Localization of Nitrogenase in Marine Trichodesmium Aggregates: Relationship to N2 Fixation Potential

Colonial aggregation among nonheterocystous filaments of the planktonic marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is known to enhance N 2 fixation, mediated by the O 2 -sensitive enzyme complex nitrogenase. Expression of nitrogenase appears linked to the formation of O 2 -depleted microzones within aggregated bacterium-associated colonies. While this implies a mechanism by which nonheterocystous N 2 fixation can take place in an oxygenated water column, both the location and regulation of the N 2 -fixing apparatus remain unknown. We used an antinitrogenase polyclonal antibody together with postsection immunocolloidal gold staining and transmission electron microscopy to show that (i) virtually all Trichodesmium cells within a colony possessed nitrogenase, (ii) nitrogenase showed no clear intracellular localization, and (iii) certain associated bacteria contained nitrogenase. Our findings emphasize the critical role coloniality plays in regulating nitrogenase expression in nature. We interpret the potential for a large share of Trichodesmium cells to fix N 2 as an opportunistic response to the dynamic nature of the sea state; during quiescent conditions, aggregation and consequent expression of nitrogenase can proceed rapidly. Images
Performance of Four Foundations on End Bearing Piles

The performance of four buildings each supported on end bearing concrete-filled pipe piles is evaluated. The piles were driven through a deep deposit of soft clay and are end-bearing in stiff glacial till and weathered shale. The paper presents measurements of building settlement, pile tip settlement of both test piles and foundation piles, pore pressures induced by the pile driving, and movements of adjacent buildings on shallow foundations caused by pile driving. The pile-supported buildings settled less than 0.5 in. The main conclusions from the study are: (1) The pile design load is controlled by tip punching considerations, because the settlement of the pile tip is small until the tip-bearing capacity is approached; (2) preaugering is effective in reducing pore pressures induced by the pile driving; and (3) even with preaugering, pile driving in soft clay can cause significant movement of adjacent buildings at distances up to 50 ft.
Theoretical aspects of multiphoton ionization and harmonic generation

We consider diagrammatic expansions for p-th order polarization relevant for harmonic generation. We present preliminary results of a numerical calculation of lowest-order multiphoton matrix elements using a complete basis (LDA) of one electron wave functions for xenon. The present stage is exploratory. Certain aspects (certain paths) of up to 9-th harmonic order have been investigated. We have also investigated partial, infinite order, summations of contributions involving “Rabilike” coupling of the initial state to the excited states. This takes into account dressing of states through renormalization and effective interactions.
Otitis media‐interna and secondary meningitis associated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in a horse

Summary A one-year-old Thoroughbred colt was evaluated because of facial nerve paralysis, ataxia and fever. Neurological evaluation found the colt to be obtunded and grade 3/5 ataxic in all 4 limbs. Right-sided facial nerve paralysis was present and a large, deep corneal ulcer noted in the right eye. Signs of vestibular disease were also present, including circling towards the right and horizontal nystagmus. A complete blood count showed mild leucocytosis, neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. A computed tomography (CT) examination of the skull was performed under general anaesthesia and a diagnosis of right sided otitis media-interna was made. Culture of fluid taken from the middle ear and cerebrospinal fluid collected from the atlanto-occipital site yielded pure growth of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Initial therapy consisted of antimicrobial treatment with cefotaxime and anti-inflammatory treatment with flunixin meglumine. Six days after initiating treatment, the colt developed Clostridium difficile associated colitis. The colitis resolved with supportive care and the colt was discharged from the hospital receiving chloramphenicol. Eight months later, the colt continued to be mildly ataxic (grade 1/5), with a slight head tilt and facial nerve paralysis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of otitis media-interna due to C. pseudotuberculosis in the horse.
Child Welfare Caseworker Education and Caregiver Behavioral Service Use and Satisfaction With the Caseworker

Social work has long been identified with child welfare, and research has generally found that child welfare caseworkers with a social work degree are better prepared than aseworkers with other degrees. Little knowledge exists though about the relationship between caseworker professional background and caregiver behavioral health service use or their satisfaction with the caseworker. Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, we found no significant relationships between having a social work degree and caregiver use of services or satisfaction with the caseworker. More research is needed to clarify how caseworker characteristics, including professional preparation, influence child welfare outcomes.
Abstract P6-12-05: The impact of residual disease after preoperative systemic therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory breast cancer

Introduction. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of breast cancer treated with multimodality therapy consisting of preoperative systemic therapy (PST) followed by modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and chest wall and regional nodal radiation and if appropriate extended biologic therapy and/or endocrine therapy. In non-IBC patients (pts) the degree of pathologic response to PST has been shown to correlate with time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). We sought to determine if the degree of pathologic response predicts clinical outcomes in IBC pts. Methods. With IRB approval, we reviewed the records of IBC pts seen at Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center between 1997 and 2012. From 117 IBC pts, all of whom have had PST, followed by MRM and radiotherapy, 98 pts with stage III disease were analyzed. Statistical analysis: TTR - time from surgery until first locoregional or distant recurrence, or censored at date of last follow-up or death of other causes. OS - time from surgery until death from any cause or censored at date the pt last known to be alive. Pathologic complete response (pCR) - no residual invasive disease in the breast and axillary lymph nodes. Pathologic response to PST, disease characteristics (estrogen (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her2 status, grade, histology) and receipt of Her2-directed PST when indicated were evaluated as predictors of TTR and OS by Cox model. Results 42 (43%) of 98 pts have experienced recurrence (1 local, 4 locoregional+distant, 31 distant). Median TTR = 5.1yrs. 40 pts died; 4 of other causes; median OS = 5.1yrs. pCR was associated with improved TTR (HR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.70, p = 0.011 univariate analysis); 5yr freedom from recurrence was 81% vs 40% with vs without pCR. The association remained after adjusting for disease and treatment characteristics (HR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.07-0.85, p = 0.026 multivariable). pCR was associated with better OS (HR = 0.35, 0.12-1.03, p = 0.06 multivariable). View this table: TTR and OS according to pCR or no pCR In multivariable modeling of TTR, lower tumor grade was associated with better outcome. Pts with ER, PR and Her2 negative or HER2+ disease without preoperative trastuzumab (H) had worse outcome (median TTR 0.9yr and 1.4yr); those with ER+ and/or PR+ HER2- disease and those with HER2+ disease who received preoperative H had 5yr freedom from recurrence 74% and 82%. View this table: TTR and OS according to ER, PR and Her2 status and receipt of neoadjuvant trastuzumab (H) Conclusions. Hormone receptor and HER2 status are independent prognostic features in IBC, similar to those seen in non-IBC. In addition, anti-Her2-directed preoperative therapy is important to improve outcomes of IBC pts with HER2+ disease. Understanding these features should help in the development of optimal therapies for IBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-12-05.
Contractile and biochemical effects of coronary reperfusion after extended periods of coronary occlusion

Abstract The effects of coronary reperfusion on recovery of regional myocardial contractility and high energy phosphate levels were studied In dogs after various periods of coronary occlusion. Segmental changes in myocardial contractility were measured by means of a strain gaugetipped, two-pronged catheter probe that measures myocardial fiber shortening. The curves of contraction are sensitive to the effects of ischemia. Coronary occlusion resulted in a rapid replacement of fiber shortening by passive fiber lengthening. If coronary occlusion was released and blood flow restored within 45 minutes, myocardial contractility returned promptly; adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate values were restored to normal. With coronary occlusion of 1 hour or longer, contractility failed to return in the immediate postperfusion period, but delayed return was recorded after 2 weeks of reperfusion. The extent of such recovery varied with the duration of preceding occlusion. Thus, reperfusion after 1 hour of occlusion was followed by return of fiber shortening over the entire reperfused region. With 2 hours of occlusion, recovery occurred over 75 percent of the reperfused myocardium. With 3 hours of occlusion followed by reperfusion, recovery of contractility was only partial, comprising approximately 60 percent of the reperfused region. High energy phosphate content of the reperfused myocardium showed a similar pattern of recovery. With occlusion of longer duration, reperfusion failed to restore contractility to any significant extent. These findings indicate that reperfusion after coronary occlusion of 1 to 3 hours may restore contractility over a period of 2 weeks, but the extent of such recovery diminishes with the increase in the duration of occlusion.
Activity of nucleus raphe pallidus neurons across the sleep-waking cycle in freely moving cats

Abstract The activity of serotonin-containing nucleus raphe pallidus (RPA) units was recorded by means of movable 32 or 62 μm diameter insulated nichrome wires in freely moving cats. RPA units displayed a slow, rhythmic discharge rate during waking (X¯= 5.3spikes/s) and showed no significant change in activity during slow-wave sleep. However, these neurons showed a large decrease in activity during REM sleep (X¯= 1.2spikes/s). In contrast with results from studies on serotonin-containing nucleus raphe dorsalis units, RPA neurons showed no relationship to the occurrence of sleep spindles, and were not inhibited by low doses of LSD.
The role of an eyestalk hormone in the regulation of the sodium concentration of the blood of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator.

Abstract 1. 1. Removal of both eyestalks from fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, maintained in hyposmotic sea water resulted in a decreased blood sodium concentration. 2. 2. Eyestalk extract increased the blood sodium concentration of eyestalkless crabs in hyposmotic sea water. 3. 3. Neither eyestalk removal from nor injection of eyestalk extract into crabs in hyperosmotic sea water had a statistically significant effect on the blood sodium concentration. 4. 4. It appears that the primary function of this osmoregulatory eyestalk hormone is to prevent sodium loss from the blood of fiddler crabs when they are in hyposmotic sea water.
Integration of Sensory and Reward Information during Perceptual Decision-Making in Lateral Intraparietal Cortex (LIP) of the Macaque Monkey

Single neurons in cortical area LIP are known to carry information relevant to both sensory and value-based decisions that are reported by eye movements. It is not known, however, how sensory and value information are combined in LIP when individual decisions must be based on a combination of these variables. To investigate this issue, we conducted behavioral and electrophysiological experiments in rhesus monkeys during performance of a two-alternative, forced-choice discrimination of motion direction (sensory component). Monkeys reported each decision by making an eye movement to one of two visual targets associated with the two possible directions of motion. We introduced choice biases to the monkeys' decision process (value component) by randomly interleaving balanced reward conditions (equal reward value for the two choices) with unbalanced conditions (one alternative worth twice as much as the other). The monkeys' behavior, as well as that of most LIP neurons, reflected the influence of all relevant variables: the strength of the sensory information, the value of the target in the neuron's response field, and the value of the target outside the response field. Overall, detailed analysis and computer simulation reveal that our data are consistent with a two-stage drift diffusion model proposed by Diederich and Bussmeyer [1] for the effect of payoffs in the context of sensory discrimination tasks. Initial processing of payoff information strongly influences the starting point for the accumulation of sensory evidence, while exerting little if any effect on the rate of accumulation of sensory evidence.
Mixed Stimuli-Responsive Magnetic and Gold Nanoparticle System for Rapid Purification, Enrichment, and Detection of Biomarkers

A new diagnostic system for the enrichment and detection of protein biomarkers from human plasma is presented. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were surface-modified with a diblock copolymer synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The diblock copolymer contained a thermally-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) block, a cationic amine-containing block, and a semi-telechelic PEG2-biotin end group. When a mixed suspension of 23 nm pNIPAAm-modified AuNPs was heated with pNIPAAm-coated 10 nm iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) in human plasma, the thermally-responsive pNIPAAm directed the formation of mixed AuNP/mNP aggregates that could be separated efficiently with a magnet. Model studies showed that this mixed nanoparticle system could efficiently purify and strongly enrich the model biomarker protein streptavidin in spiked human plasma. A 10 ng/mL streptavidin sample was mixed with the biotinylated and pNIPAAm modified AuNP and magnetically separated in the mixed nanoparticle system with pNIPAAm mNPs. The aggregates were concentrated into a 50-fold smaller fluid volume at room temperature where the gold nanoparticle reagent redissolved with the streptavidin target still bound. The concentrated gold-labeled streptavidin could be subsequently analyzed directly using lateral flow immunochromatography. This rapid capture and enrichment module thus utilizes the mixed stimuli-responsive nanoparticle system to achieve direct concentration of a gold-labeled biomarker that can be directly analyzed using lateral flow or other rapid diagnostic strategies.
A Surface-Enhanced Raman and ab Initio Study of Spectra of Lumazine Molecules

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) at a silver electrode was used to obtain the Raman spectrum of lumazine free of interference from fluorescence. The study was carried out varying the experimental conditions of voltage and pH. SERS spectra were compared with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), normal Raman spectroscopy (NRS), and ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (UV RRS) spectra. Ab initio calculations at the Hartree−Fock/6-31G(d) level were made of the vibrational spectra of lumazine [2,4(3H,8H)-pterdinedione, LUM] and dimethyllumazine [6,7-dimethyl-,2,4(3H,8H)-pterdinedione, DML], and these were compared with the experimental results. Band assignments were made for LUM and DML. In addition, to determine the structure of the molecules on the metal surface as well as to examine the effects of the surface on the observed spectrum, we compared the results with the FTIR spectrum of a known metal complex of LUM. We also analyzed band shifts and t...
Evidence for Large-Scale Vertical Migration of Dissolved Fatty Acids in Louisiana Oil Field Brines: Iberia Field, South-Central Louisiana: ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT There is considerable interest at the present time in the origin and distribution of dissolved volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in oil-field brines. This interest has developed as a result of the recognition of the role these compounds may play: 1) in subsurface acid attack and porosity enhancement, 2) as precursors of natural gas, and 3) as possible proximity indicators of hydrocarbon accumulations. The detailed study of the distribution of dissolved VFAs on a field scale provides much useful information on processes of generation, transport, and degradation of these compounds. At the Iberia oil field, one of several fields we have studied in the Tertiary section of South-Central Louisiana, spatial variations in pore water compositions and temperatures indicate the presence of an on-going, dynamic, subsurface circulation system. Deep brines with VFA levels in excess of 150 mg/1 are migrating up the south flank of the Iberia salt dome a vertical distance of at least 2 km (6000 ft). The VFAs in these waters are dominated by acetate and propionate. As these waters ascend, they mix with an ambient mass of water having total VFA concentrations of 20 mg/1 or less and dominated by n-butyrate. Preferential decarboxylations of acetate and propionate relative to iso- and n-butyrate and iso- and n-valerate are occurring in this system. The byproducts of these decarboxylation reactions should be methane, ethane, and bicarbonate. Temperatures are cool enough (<80°C) in the shallower parts of the sequence to permit the existence of bacteria that coud break down acetate through fermentation. The spatial distribution of individual dissolved VFA's is complex but systematic, and must ultimately be related to the rates of advective transport, dispersive mixing, and chemical reaction. We believe that a potential new application of the study of these dissolved organic compounds lies in helping to unravel the dynamics of some types of subsurface flow systems.
An angle-of-incidence tunable, SiO2-Si (film-substrate) reflection retarder for the UV mercury line λ=2537Å

Abstract We present an optimum design of a SiO2-Si film-substrate single-reflection, angle-of-incidence tunable retarder for the UV spectral line λ=2537 A. Small changes in film thickness around the optimum value do not significantly affect the device performance. The same applies to small shifts of the wavelength of operation, neglecting the effect of dispersion.
Tension of a long circular cylinder having a spherical cavity with a peripheral edge crack

The singular stress problem of a peripheral edge crack around a spherical cavity in a long circular cylinder under tension is investigated. The problem is solved by using integral transforms and is reduced to the solution of three integral equations. The solution of these equations is obtained numerically by the method due to Erdogan, Gupta, and Cook, and the stress intensity factors are displayed graphically.
Hyaluronan Fragments Synergize with Interferon-γ to Induce the C-X-C Chemokines Mig and Interferon-inducible Protein-10 in Mouse Macrophages

Hallmarks of chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis are increased influx of activated inflammatory cells, mediator release, and increased turnover and production of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent evidence has suggested that fragments of the ECM component hyaluronan play a role in chronic inflammation by inducing macrophage expression of chemokines. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), an important regulator of macrophage functions, has been shown to induce the C-X-C chemokines Mig and IP-10. These chemokines affect T-cell recruitment and inhibit angiogenesis. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of hyaluronan (HA) on IFN-gamma-induced Mig and IP-10 expression in mouse macrophages. We found a marked synergy between HA and IFN-gamma on Mig and IP-10 mRNA and protein expression in mouse macrophages. This was most significant with Mig, which was not induced by HA alone. The synergy was specific for HA, was not dependent on new protein synthesis, was not mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, was selective for Mig and IP-10, and occurred at the level of gene transcription. These data suggest that the ECM component HA may influence chronic inflammatory states by working in concert with IFN-gamma to alter macrophage chemokine expression.
Review of the genus Namadytes Hesse, 1969 (Insecta: Diptera: Mydidae: Syllegomydinae).

The Mydidae genus Namadytes Hesse, 1969 is reviewed. It is known from five species, primarily occurring in Namibia. The study of newly available material from both Namibia and South Africa deposited in several natural history collections results in the recognition of three species and new synonymy of two, i.e., Namadytes pallidus Hesse, 1972 is a new junior synonym of Namadytes maculiventris (Hesse, 1969) and Namadytes prozeskyi Hesse, 1969: 282 is a new junior synonym of Namadytes vansoni Hesse, 1969: 280. All three species are re-described and comments on sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variation are made, a dichotomous key for their identification is presented, and illustrations and photographs are provided to support the descriptions and facilitate future identification. Distribution, occurrence in biodiversity hotspots sensu Conservation International, and seasonal incidence with associated weather and climatic data are discussed for all species. A morphological structure ventral to the halter and posterior to the metathoracic spiracle, the infra-halter sclerite, is here newly termed.