cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Early Surgical versus Non-Surgical Management of Pediatric Hand Friction Injuries Caused by Treadmills.

Introduction Pediatric hand friction injuries caused by running treadmills are ever more prevalent due to the increasing presence of home exercise equipment. These and other related injuries have received recent attention in the media, leading to mass product recalls in some cases. These friction injuries are similar to deep thermal burns and these patients are usually cared for in the pediatric burn unit at our institution. We sought to describe our recent experience managing 22 patients with these injuries. Methods Patients were queried from our urban pediatric burn center database. After IRB approval, a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted for a treadmill-related hand injury over a 5-year period was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, initial treatment methods (surgical vs. non-operative), type of dressing used, hospital length of stay (LOS), and compliance with follow-up. We collected patient-centered outcomes included the time to healing and the need for subsequent surgical and/or non-surgical interventions to treat the sequelae of these injuries. Results Our center treated 22 hand friction injuries caused by treadmills over the 5-year period. Five patients (23%) underwent early surgical intervention ( Conclusion Given the excellent outcomes observed in patients treated without acute surgical intervention in this case series, non-operative non-operative management appears to be feasible, safe and may reduce the need for operative intervention. These injuries, although small, are deep and require a prolonged period of dressing changes and aggressive therapy including post-healing time commitment to scar management in order to achieve best outcomes. Our study supports the need for increased community awareness of this type of injury.
Social Disparities in Benign Lung Diseases

The many socioeconomic disparities in the myriad of diagnoses that make up benign lung diseases are unfortunately a global issue that was most recently highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. In this chapter, we will be reviewing the socioeconomic disparities in benign lung disease from both a United States perspective as well as a global perspective. We will cover the spectrum of infectious, obstructive, and restrictive lung disease and review the evidence on how social disparities affect these populations and their access to medical care.
Sports Marketing in Action: A Day at the Super Bowl

Sports Marketing is a topic of increased interest to marketers as traditional promotional methods become cluttered and more expensive. The current study reports a content analysis of the advertising during the NFL Super Bowl XXIV. The product categories advertised, length of commercials, and creative styles were recorded, with an in-depth look at the category of automobile advertising. The implications of using the Super Bowl as an advertising vehicle are discussed.
A Conceptual and Mechanistic Approach to Understanding Interactions Among Multiple Disturbance Agents: Compound Effects of Fire on Resource Availabilty to Bark Beetles

Population eruptions by native bark beetles are intermittent and can cause wide spread forest disturbance. The mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is one such bark beetle currently affecting all species of pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). MPB populations erupt after generating positive feedback once thresholds are surpassed. Population eruptions require a combination of factors such as favorable weather, tree susceptibility, and the reduced competitors and predators.
Thermal Stress Conditioning to Induce Osteogenic Protein Expression for Bone Regeneration

Although bone has the intrinsic ability to “self-heal”, there are circumstances in which its regenerative capacity is limited or compromised, such as in critical bone defects. In these cases, the lack of osteogenic proteins at the wound site can prevent healing and external stimuli may be necessary to encourage bone growth [1]. Exogenous delivery of proteins and growth factors directly to the wound has been successful in bone regeneration, but is limited by the instability of the proteins and short half-lives. As a result, administration of multiple large doses of protein is necessary to retain a beneficial protein level. Due to these disadvantages, additional methods have been investigated to supply essential proteins to the bone defect [2].Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Automatic classification of chemical behavior by sequential hypothesization and multiparametric curve-fitting

Abstract This paper describes the logic and structure of a computer program for classifying the potentiometric titration curve obtained when a solution of a long-chain carboxylate ion, such as laurate, is titrated with a strong acid in the presence of excess of alkali-metal ion. During such a titration either the free carboxylic acid or an acid soap, or both, may precipitate and micelle formation may occur. From the coordinates of the data points and other information about the experimental conditions, the program decides which of these processes occurred, provides the best values of the numerical parameters characterizing those that did, and achieves a higher percentage of success than a human chemist.
Transposon Tn5-Generated Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mutants Unable To Grow Chemoautotrophically with H2

Twelve Tn5-induced mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum unable to grow chemoautotrophically with CO2 and H2 (Aut−) were isolated. Five Aut− mutants lacked hydrogen uptake activity (Hup−). The other seven Aut− mutants possessed wild-type levels of hydrogen uptake activity (Hup+), both in free-living culture and symbiotically. Three of the Hup− mutants lacked hydrogenase activity both in free-living culture and as nodule bacteroids. The other two mutants were Hup− only in free-living culture. The latter two mutants appeared to be hypersensitive to repression by oxygen, since Hup activity could be derepressed under 0.4% O2. All five Hup− mutants expressed both ex planta and symbiotic nitrogenase activities. Two of the seven Aut− Hup+ mutants expressed no free-living nitrogenase activity, but they did express it symbiotically. These two strains, plus one other Aut− Hup+ mutant, had CO2 fixation activities 20 to 32% of the wild-type level. The cosmid pSH22, which was shown previously to contain hydrogenase-related genes of B. japonicum, was conjugated into each Aut− mutant. The Aut− Hup− mutants that were Hup− both in free-living culture and symbiotically were complemented by the cosmid. None of the other mutants was complemented by pSH22. Individual subcloned fragments of pSH22 were used to complement two of the Hup− mutants.
Social Development in Autism

Social dysfunction is a hallmark, if not the hallmark, of autism. In typical development, infants develop immediate social relationships with caregivers, starting with basic skills such as eye gaze and social smiling. In autism, basic social behaviors (specifically eye gaze, imitation, and joint attention) are impaired. However, results from across studies indicate that many individuals with autism can learn these social skills in response to appropriate interventions. Further research is needed to explain the social behaviors for an individual and ways to facilitate growth. Keywords: autism; eye gaze; imitation; intervention; joint attention; social development; social dysfunction
138 2′-Deoxyguanine analogs which enhance hybridization oligonucleotides with complementary DNA

It has been demonstrated previously that some adducts formed between endogenously activated polyaromatic hydrocarbons and DNA lead to significant stabilization of the DNA secondary structure (Lukin...
EGF-induced sodium influx regulates EGFR trafficking through HDAC6 and tubulin acetylation

Endocytosis of activated EGF receptor (EGFR) to specific endocytic compartments is required to terminate EGF signaling. Trafficking of EGFR relies on microtubule tracks that transport the cargo vesicle to their intermediate and final destinations and can be modulated through posttranslational modification of tubulin including acetylation. Na,K-ATPase maintains intracellular sodium homeostasis, functions as a signaling scaffold and interacts with EGFR. Na,K-ATPase also binds to and is regulated by acetylated tubulin but whether there is a functional link between EGFR, Na,K-ATPase and tubulin acetylation is not known. EGF-induced sodium influx regulates EGFR trafficking through increased microtubule acetylation. Increased sodium influx induced either by sodium ionophores or Na,K-ATPase blockade mimicked the EGF-induced effects on EGFR trafficking through histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 inactivation and accumulation of acetylated tubulin. In turn, blocking sodium influx reduced tubulin acetylation and EGF-induced EGFR turnover. Knockdown of HDAC6 reversed the effect of sodium influx indicating that HDAC6 is necessary to modulate sodium-dependent tubulin acetylation. These studies provide a novel regulatory mechanism to attenuate EGFR signaling in which EGF modulates EGFR trafficking through intracellular sodium-mediated HDAC6 inactivation and tubulin acetylation.
Nutritional needs of the female athlete.

For most female athletes, every day is a balancing act: What to eat? How much to eat? How much to exercise? Female athletes need to consume enough energy (kJ) to maintain their competitive edge for training and competition, but many want to either maintain or lose body weight. In addition to the body weight issues many female athletes deal with, they are bombarded with advertisements that tell them that they need a host of other nutrients, supplements, and herbal preparations. How does one sort fact from fiction? What are the energy and nutrient needs of female athletes? What nutritional factors are of greatest concern to female athletes? This article puts the nutritional needs of female athletes in perspective. First, the energy requirements of female athletes and the importance of eating adequate energy for good health and performance are addressed. Health consequences of trying to restrict energy intake too dramatically while training are discussed. Strategies for helping athletes to identify and maintain healthy body weights for their sports are provided. Next, the major vitamin and mineral concerns for female athletes are addressed. Finally, the components of the female athlete triad (disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis) are discussed.
Rotationally Resolved Magnetic Vibrational Circular Dichroism of Hydrogen Chloride and Deuterium Chloride

Abstract The magnetic vibrational circular dichroism (MVCD) spectra of HCI and DCI are presented. The average rotational g -value of H 35 Cl in the first excited vibrational states was determined to be 0.45 l and 0.449 for the P and R branches, respectively, using moment analysis of the MVCD bandshapes. In addition, the g J -values of H 37 Cl, D 35 Cl, and D 37 Cl were measured for the first time. Within our experimental error, the g J -values obtained were consistent with the accepted g J -values for the ground state of H 35 Cl and with theoretically calculated g J -values for the other isotopomers. The results show that MVCD can provide an alternative method to microwave spectroscopy or molecular beam magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining rotational g -values.
Abstract IA11: Functionalization the cancer genome

As we begin to implement next-generation sequencing into patient care, a central challenge will involve determining which aberrations in a given tumor represent “drivers” that determine tumor behavior versus “passengers” resultant from the inherent instability of cancer genomes. Critically even within cancer genes, many aberrations could still be passengers. Indeed, given the broad landscape of aberrations in human tumors, it is possible that genomic aberrations in a cancer gene could be hypomorphs (decreasing activity of a tumor suppressor gene), hypermorphs (increasing activity of an oncogene) or neomorphs (changing function of the protein). Neomorphs such as those engendered by mutations in IDH1 in glioma could be particularly challenging as their therapeutics liabilities are not likely to be predictable from known functions of the wild-type protein. Targeting driver aberrations should improve outcomes for patients, while targeting passenger aberrations would be without benefit and may instead result in unnecessary toxicity and delay implementation of effective therapies. It will also be critical to select the drug or drugs most likely to benefit each patient based on underlying aberrations in their own tumor. Unfortunately, there is a complete lack of practical high-throughput platforms able to identify and select optimal therapies targeting driver aberrations. We have implemented a high-throughput pipeline that consists of generation of patient tumor mutations in open reading frames (ORF) and determining the effect of shRNA, wild-type ORFs and mutant ORFs in the BAF3 IL3 dependent sensor line. Aberrations that increase cell viability and proliferation are established as stable lines. Stable lines are then probed with a chemical genomic library of tool compounds targeting critical pathways as well as through a high-throughput reverse phase protein array (RPPA) functional proteomics platform. The intersection of functional effects in the platforms identifies potential drivers and elicits their mechanistic activity and potential therapeutic liabilities. This pipeline has the potential to elicit tumor drivers and identify individualized therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: Gordon B. Mills, Yiling Lu, Wai Ting Cheung, Kenneth Scott, Han Liang. Functionalization the cancer genome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
High-resolution tandem mass spectra of 37-67 kDa proteins

By dissociating noncovalent adducts with infrared radiation and minimizing ion charge density during measurement, Fourier-transform mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization yields 160 000 resolving power for porcine albumin. Its molecular weight calculated from the published sequence is 66 740, but values found for two different samples are MW = 66 736 and 66 886. The spectrum of their mixture confirms this mass difference. Similar measurements of two Protein A (45 kDa) samples also give molecular weights in substantial disagreement with literature sequences. Tandem mass spectrometry gives partial sequence information that demonstrates errors in some of the reported sequences.
SU-GG-T-186: Fast and Generalized Dose Reconstruction Method Using Virtual Beamlet Dose Responses

Purpose: We have previously developed an accurate dose‐reconstruction algorithm that is based on non‐iterative inverse solution of deposited dose using Monte Carlo‐generated responses for known multi‐leaf collimator(MLC) positions. The method was time‐consuming in generating the responses. The objective of this study is to develop a faster algorithm that does not require MLC positions by using pre‐calculated virtual beamlet‐specific dose responses for an open beam, and thus can be used at the end of radiation delivery on‐the‐spot. Methods: The success of the method is based on the hypothesis that the ratio of dose responses in phantom and electronic portal imaging device(EPID) of delivered beam intensities is approximated by the ratio of virtual beam intensities. The possibility is mathematically shown by convolving reconstructed intensities from EPID to both numerator and denominator of the latter ratio. The inversion algorithm for the reconstruction is unchanged. To test the hypothesis, we have calculated virtual beamlet dose responses in Rando phantom and EPID for intensity modulated beams determined for prostate treatment. We have measured in EPID under the phantom and performed dose reconstruction for the two cases. A 6MV photon beam from a Varian 2100EX accelerator and aS500 EPID (integrated acquisition) was used. Results: When compared with a forwardly calculated dose in an isocentric plane within the phantom for an IMRT beam, the reconstructed doses of the two showed similar pass rates of >94.7%, given 3% dose difference or 3mm distance‐to‐agreement. The calculation used 5 minutes per beam using four 2.8GHz Intel XEON CPUs. Automation and the use of a higher data processor can potentially reduce the calculation time to less than a minute. Conclusion: A fast method of dose reconstruction was developed and more results will be presented. This method is applicable to detect delivery error. In part supported by Varian Medical Systems.
Comparative Analysis of Methods for Estimating Arm Segment Parameters and Joint Torques From Inverse Dynamics

A common problem in the analyses of upper limb unfettered reaching movements is the estimation of joint torques using inverse dynamics. The inaccuracy in the estimation of joint torques can be caused by the inaccuracy in the acquisition of kinematic variables, body segment parameters (BSPs), and approximation in the biomechanical models. The effect of uncertainty in the estimation of body segment parameters can be especially important in the analysis of movements with high acceleration. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the relevance of different sources of inaccuracy in inverse dynamics analysis of a planar arm movement. Eight regression models and one water immersion method for the estimation of BSPs were used to quantify the influence of inertial models on the calculation of joint torques during numerical analysis of unfettered forward arm reaching movements. Thirteen subjects performed 72 forward planar reaches between two targets located on the horizontal plane and aligned with the median plane. Using a planar, double link model for the arm with a floating shoulder, we calculated the normalized joint torque peak and a normalized root mean square (rms) of torque at the shoulder and elbow joints. Statistical analyses quantified the influence of different BSP models on the kinetic variable variance for given uncertainty on the estimation of joint kinematics and biomechanical modeling errors. Our analysis revealed that the choice of BSP estimation method had a particular influence on the normalized rms of joint torques. Moreover, the normalization of kinetic variables to BSPs for a comparison among subjects showed that the interaction between the BSP estimation method and the subject specific somatotype and movement kinematics was a significant source of variance in the kinetic variables. The normalized joint torque peak and the normalized root mean square of joint torque represented valuable parameters to compare the effect of BSP estimation methods on the variance in the population of kinetic variables calculated across a group of subjects with different body types. We found that the variance of the arm segment parameter estimation had more influence on the calculated joint torques than the variance of the kinematics variables. This is due to the low moments of inertia of the upper limb, especially when compared with the leg. Therefore, the results of the inverse dynamics of arm movements are influenced by the choice of BSP estimation method to a greater extent than the results of gait analysis.
A common profile of prefrontal cortical activation following exposure to nicotine- or chocolate-associated contextual cues.

Abstract Conditioning and learning factors are likely to play key roles in the process of addiction and in relapse to drug use. In nicotine addiction, for example, contextual cues associated with smoking can be powerful determinants of craving and relapse, even after considerable periods of abstinence. Using the detection of the immediate-early gene product, Fos, we examined which regions of the brain are activated by environmental cues associated with nicotine administration, and compared this profile to the pattern induced by cues associated with a natural reward, chocolate. In the first experiment, rats were treated with either nicotine (0.4 mg/ml/kg) or saline once per day for 10 days in a test environment distinct from their home cages. In the second experiment, rats were given access to either a bowl of chocolate chips or an empty bowl in the distinct environment for 10 days. After a 4-day interval, rats were re-introduced to the environment where they previously received either nicotine treatment or chocolate access. Nicotine-associated sensory cues elicited marked and specific activation of Fos expression in prefrontal cortical and limbic regions. Moreover, exposure to cues associated with the natural reward, chocolate, induced a pattern of gene expression that showed many similarities with that elicited by drug cues, particularly in prefrontal regions. These observations support the hypothesis that addictive drugs induce long-term neuroadaptations in brain regions subserving normal learning and memory for motivationally salient stimuli.
Incentive compatible, collaborative production scheduling with simple communication among distributed agents

We study the collaborative production scheduling problem that arises when schedulers must coordinate their schedules with internal or external customers. We envision a setting where geographically dispersed schedulers (agents) coordinate their scheduling using asynchronous, web-enabled mechanisms. We propose the design of such a mechanism where resource allocation is communicated in the form of schedules over which each agent involved has different preferences and financial incentives. Specifically, we design a ‘schedule selection game’ where all participating agents state their preferences via a valuation scheme, and the mechanism selects a final schedule based on the collective input. We address the issue of incentive compatibility, recognizing that independent agents may not reveal their private information truthfully, and they may not behave in a way that is aligned with the overall system efficiency. Based on the principles of Vickrey–Groves–Clarke mechanisms, we show that the proposed scheme is a di...
A comparison of structure-activity relationships between spermidine and spermine analogue antineoplastics.

A systematic investigation of the impact of spermidine analogues both in vitro and in vivo is described. The study characterizes the effects of these analogues on L1210 cell growth, polyamine pools, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, the maintenance of cellular charge, i.e., cationic equivalence associated with the polyamines and their analogues, and compares their ability to compete with spermidine for transport. The findings clearly demonstrate that the activity of the linear polyamine analogues is highly dependent on the length of the triamines and the size of the Nα,Nω-substituents. It appears that there is an optimum chain length for various activities and that the larger the Nα,Nω-alkyls, the less active the compound. Metabolic transformation including N-dealkylation of these compounds is also evaluated. While there is no monotonic relationship between chain length and the ability of the analogue to be metabolized, the dipropyl t...
The Basics—The Etymology of Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic

"Back to Basics" may not be basic enough, says this writer, who discovered much in his etymological searches of the words.
Measurement of modulation transfer function of desert atmospheres

A unique research program is being conducted for passive, remote sensing of horizontal contrast transmittance and the modulation transfer function (MTFA) of desert atmospheres, including the DC, low, and high spatial frequency MTFA components that are attributed to contrast, aerosols, and turbulence, respectively. The research makes it possible, for the first time, to measure the overall low spatial frequency response of the aerosol MTFA components of actual desert atmospheres. The required measurements are based on utilizing digital image processing of remote video scenes which include two optically-identical castellated targets, contrasted against the horizon sky background. Ratios of apparent contrast and MTF measurements of these two targets are used to determine the contrast transmittance and MTFA in the atmospheric region between the two targets, independent of the imaging system and the actual optical properties of the targets. The experimental technique is described along with current MTFA measurements.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A new look at hyperacute rejection.

Abstract A new method of cinemicroscopy has been employed to observe the developing in vivo pathology of hyperacute pulmonary xenograft rejection. The rheological findings were substantiated by serial biopsies. In a cat-to-dog xenograft model employing both cat lungs as a tissue block or with infusion of dog blood or plasma into the cat lung, there was rapid rejection. This was characterized by immediate erythrocyte aggregation, impaction of these aggregates into the pulmonary capillaries with cessation of blood flow, and, after only 15 minutes, a fully developed picture of massive capillary engorgement, atelectasis, and interstitial and intraalveolar edema and hemorrhage. Administration of heparin did not alter this process, and neither platelets nor polymorphonuclear leukocytes were prominent in the erythrocyte aggregates. Repeated exposure of the dog plasma to cat erythrocytes before infusion was effective in blocking this pulmonary rejection phenomenon.
Contribution of Cadmium in Cigarettes to Lung Cancer: An Evaluation of Risk Assessment Methodologies

Abstract This investigation concerned the use of quantitative risk assessment for estimating cancer mortality at low-level exposures. We empirically tested whether extrapolating by linear no-threshold models predicted implausible risks at low-level exposures. Cadmium in cigarette smoke was the low-level exposure, and extrapolation was based on potencies estimated from an occupational study and a rodent cancer bioassay. Inhaled cadmium in mainstream and sidestream smoke was estimated from published laboratory experiments. Smoking-specific lung cancer and all-cause mortality rates were estimated from large population-based studies. The mortality rates, amount of inhaled cadmium, and potency values were used to construct life tables for calculating lifetime lung cancer risk with and without a contribution from cadmium in cigarette smoke. The epidemiologic data predicted that 1 to 18 lung cancer deaths per 10 000 smokers may be attributable to inhaled cadmium in cigarette smoke, or approximately 0.2% to 1.6% ...
Minimally invasive lumbar decompression—indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes

The treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, which afflicts millions of patients annually, has greatly evolved to include alternative surgical procedures other than a total laminectomy. Open decompressive procedures have led to satisfactory outcomes in randomized controlled trials; however, recent subgroup analyses have demonstrated complications from this approach. In the properly selected patient, a minimally invasive decompression, which preserves midline structures and limits soft tissue destruction, can improve upon these complications and lead to excellent clinical outcomes. The proper indications, techniques, and published outcomes of a minimally invasive lumbar decompression for spinal stenosis will be reviewed.
Fugacity of H2O from 0° to 350°C at the liquid-vapor equilibrium and at 1 atmosphere

Abstract The fugacity and fugacity coefficient of H 2 O at the liquid-vapor equilibrium, the fugacity and the Gibbs free energy of formation of H 2 O at 1 atm (1.01325 bars) total pressure have been calculated from published data on the physical and thermodynamic properties of H 2 O and are presented at ten-degree intervals from 0° to 350°C.
Expression of activin and follistatin in the rat hypothalamus: anatomical association with gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and possible role of central activin in the regulation of luteinizing hormone release.

The central role of activin in the regulation of the reproductive axis remains largely unexplored. Evidence suggests that activin may play a role in controlling gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. We assessed potential neuroanatomical associations between activin- and GnRH-neuronal systems via examination of the distribution of activin βA-subunit and activin binding protein (follistatin) protein and mRNA signals relative to GnRH neurons in the adult rat brain. Activin βA-subunit-immunostained fibers were distributed throughout the hypothalamus and GnRH-positive perikarya, and fibers were in close association with βA-subunit-immunoreactive fibers. Follistatin mRNA-expressing cells were also identified throughout the hypothalamus with GnRH fibers often observed juxtaposed to follistatin cell bodies. Colocalization of either the βA-subunit or follistatin within GnRH neurons was not detected. The functional significance of central activin in the regulation of the reproductive axis was also demonstrated. The intracerebroventricular infusion of rh-activin A significantly increased luteinizing hormone, but not follicule-stimulating hormone, serum levels in adult male rats. Taken together, the present results support an interaction between activin and GnRH neuronal systems in the rat hypothalamus, and suggest activin may act within the brain to regulate the reproductive axis.
Mutagenicity screening of twenty‐five cosmetic ingredients with the salmonella/microsome test

Summary The possible mutagenic activity of twney‐five cosmetic ingredients was investigated using the Salmonella histidine auxotrophs hisTA98, hisTA100, his TA1535, hisTA1537 and hisTA1538. All twenty‐five cosmetic ingredients were subjected to the spot test, a qualitative form of the Salmonella/microsome test. Nine of the twenty‐five cosmetic ingredients demonstrated potential mutagenicity in the spot testing and were further examined in plate incorporation tests, a quantitative form of the Salmonella/microsome test. Only one tested cosmetic ingredient, DEA Laureth Sulfate, gave positive mutagenic results in the plate incorporation test.
The latex and food allergy connection

Natural rubber latex is used in the manufacture of many products in the United States. As natural rubber latex allergy becomes of increasing concern, dietitians need to have an understanding of this allergy and how it relates to workplace safety, employee health, and patient feeding and counseling. Natural rubber latex contains more than 35 proteins that may be related to Type I, Ig-E-mediated allergy in numerous segments of the population, including health care workers and patients. Many foods, especially chestnut, banana, and avocado, have the potential to cross-react with natural rubber latex. Chitinase enzymes, related to plant defense, are believed to be involved in this cross-reaction. A strong connection between food allergy and natural rubber latex allergy is recognized and described in this review.
XXX. The vibrations of a chladni plate

(1933). XXX. The vibrations of a chladni plate. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 15, No. 97, pp. 317-324.
Ekeland's theorem and UC spaces

As is well-known, completeness of a metric space is necessary and sufficient for the Ekeland variational principle to hold for lower bounded proper lower semicontinuous functions [F. Sullivan, A characterization of complete metric spaces, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 83 (1981), pp. 345–346]. In this note we characterize the curious class of UC spaces, which sits properly between complete metric spaces and compact metric spaces, by a stronger variational principle of the Ekeland type. We also characterize these spaces in terms of a fixed point property of continuous maps
Infrastructure and regional growth, growth dynamics and policy relevance for India

The role of infrastructure in economic growth has been the subject of considerable research in the fields of public policy, economics, and planning. In this paper, I examine the contribution of publicly supplied infrastructure to sub national regional growth in India. I first develop and numerically examine a regionally disaggregated model of economic growth to understand the dynamics of private capital and public infrastructure. For the empirical analysis, I use a pooled data set for Indian states to examine if publicly supplied infrastructure is a significant determinant of regional growth and whether there are spatial variations in the productivity effects of infrastructure. The main findings are that transport and communications infrastructure expenditures are significant determinants of regional growth, and the positive benefits accruing from these expenditures come not only from investments made by individual states, but there are positive externalities from network expenditures made by neighboring states. Finally, the out of sample simulated regional growth predictions show divergence in private capital formation between lagging and leading states.
Influences of Atlantic multidecadal oscillation phases on spatial and temporal variability of regional precipitation extremes

Summary A major teleconnection, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) under two phases (cool and warm) influencing precipitation extremes in Florida, USA, is the main focus of this study. Long-term extreme precipitation data from several rain gages from temporal windows that coincide with the AMO phases are evaluated for changes in spatial and temporal variability across the region. Assessments of precipitation extremes for nine durations in different meteorologically homogenous rainfall areas as well as in the entire region are carried out. Methods of assessment included parametric unpaired t -tests and nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests, kernel density estimates using Gaussian kernel for distribution-free comparative analysis and bootstrap sampling-based confidence intervals. Depth-duration-frequency (DDF) curves are also developed using generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions characterizing the extremes. Analysis of data indicated increase in precipitation extremes in warm phases of AMO for durations greater than 24 h. The influence of warm or cool phases of AMO on precipitation extremes is not spatially uniform in the region. Temporal shifts in occurrences of extremes from the later part of the year in warm phase to earlier in the year for the cool phase are evident. These shifts will have implications on flooding events in different regions of Florida. Magnitudes of extremes for a 25 year return period based on DDF curves were higher for all nine durations when data from cool or warm phase alone were compared to those obtained from data from two phases. Precipitation extremes for durations longer than a day are associated with increased landfalls of hurricanes occurring in the region in the AMO warm phases.
Elastic constants and attenuation changes in annealed BaO crystals

Abstract Acoustical velocities and attenuation changes were measured on BaO crystals at 23°C, in the as-recieved condition and after 170 hrs annealing at 1150°C ( P O 2 ≈ 10 -6 atm.). Effects of attenuation and computed C ij are discussed.
Cranial Neuropathy as a Presenting Sign of Recurrent Aggressive Skin Cancer

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize recurrent skin cancers of the head and neck presenting with cranial neuropathies and to review the presentation and the management for this rare subset of cutaneous neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed for all patients with previous related cutaneous neoplasms presenting with cranial neuropathies referred to a single academic tertiary-care head and neck tumor program from 1999 to 2007. Six cases of head and neck carcinoma with demonstrable cranial neuropathy were identified and analyzed by clinical history, radiographic and surgical findings, and treatment and survival data. A review of the literature, pertinent anatomy, imaging studies, and surgical/nonsurgical management are summarized for these aggressive neurotropic malignancies. RESULTS Cranial neuropathy was the presenting symptom of recurrent disease in all six patients. Four presented with multiple cranial neuropathies. All exhibited neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). The tumors involved were squamous cell carcinoma (4) and melanoma (2). All patients were multiply symptomatic, presenting with a mean of three neurologic symptoms, including facial numbness (5), facial paralysis or weakness (3), facial pain (3), diplopia (3), paresthesia (3), hearing loss (1), or formication (2). Symptoms were present for an average of 7 months prior to diagnosis of perineural recurrence. Cranial nerve involvement was confirmed in all patients by magnetic resonance imaging, and five patients manifested histologic evidence of perineural tumor infiltration. Treatment consisted of various combinations of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy for five patients, and one patient declined any intervention. Death rate subsequent to disease was 50%, and follow-up has continued within our institution on all patients for an average of 25.5 months (range, 3-72 months). CONCLUSION Cranial neuropathy is a rare presentation of recurrent cutaneous neoplasms of the head and neck. Given this infrequent occurrence and shared features of presentation, these highly morbid tumors are often mistakenly diagnosed as Bell's palsy or trigeminal neuralgia. Our findings corroborate previous reports of diagnostic delay, increased tumor burden, and worsened morbidity and mortality associated with such cutaneous malignancies. The critical utility of radiologic imaging for staging and tumor delineation are also supported by our institutional data.
Microtubule structure at 18 Å resolution

A model for the structure of microtubules at a resolution of 18 A (1 A = 0.1 nm) is described, based on X-ray fiber diffraction data from hydrated reassembled calf brain microtubules. The model was derived by an iterative solvent flattening refinement procedure, with initial phases based on those determined by electron microscopy. The major microtubule surface grooves are those defining the protofilaments, which form a hollow cylinder of maximum diameter 300 A. Strong electron density fluctuations in the microtubule wall are interpreted as evidence for a domain structure within the tubulin subunit. The arrangement of domains is such that the tubulin molecule could be quite flexible at the domain connections; thus, slight changes in this arrangement could account for the unusual polymorphism of tubulin assemblies.
X‐Ray diffraction technique to assess radiation damage in semicrystalline polymers. I. Isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate)

By using x-ray diffraction the total damage to a semicrystalline polymer is determined after exposure to high-energy ionizing radiation. By rearrangement of the first-order dependence of the fractional change in crystallinity on the dose the number of chemical and/or physical changes per 100 eV of energy absorbed [i.e., G(–units)] is computed. In the present effort on isotactic poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) the value of G(–units) ≈ 15 confirms previous results obtained by cryoscopy, and thereby yields a ratio of ca. 8:1 for chemical plus physical (i.e., total damage) versus chemical damage alone. From nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results, a partition of the physical damage into configurational and conformational changes yields G values of 6 and 7, respectively.
Innervation of the Hamster Harderian Gland

Harderian glands of male and female hamsters have nerve endings associated with the secretory cells, myoepithelial cells, and the blood vessels. The nerve endings adjacent to the myoepithelial cells also have myoneural junctions.
CANDIDATE VALENCE AS A PREDICTOR OF VOTER PREFERENCE

The effects of source valence, including its components source credibility, attraction, and homophily, on voter preference were examined in this study. A systematic sample with a random start of 350 registered Democratic voters in Tallahassee, Florida, was used to test the effects of eight dimensions of source valence on voter preference. The differential valence of the two candidates was the best predictor of voter preference. The eight-variable model accounted for 61% of the variance in voter preference, while attitude homophily alone accounted for 58% of that variance.
Models of Weak Interactions Mediated by Vector Bosons

A series of models of weak interactions, involving at least six intermediate vector bosons, are displayed. They are similar to schizon models, but have the new feature of not involving the Cabibbo angle in the coupling of the hadron currents to the intermediate vector mesons. Some speculations on how weak mass shifts may cancel electromagnetic mass shifts are also presented within the framework of the model.
Explaining the clinical manifestations of T wave alternans in patients at risk for sudden cardiac death

The mechanisms underlying sudden cardiac death (SCD) are complex and diverse. Therefore, correct application of any marker to risk stratify patients for appropriate therapy requires knowledge regarding how the marker is reflective of a particular electroanatomical substrate for arrhythmias. Noninvasive measurement of beat-to-beat alternation of the electrocardiographic T-wave, referred to as T-wave alternans (TWA), is an important marker of risk for SCD. Is this relationship a mere association, or is TWA mechanistically linked to SCD? Recent experimental evidence strongly supports a mechanistic relationship between TWA and SCD. This review considers the underlying mechanisms of TWA derived from experimental studies, as they relate to clinical observations of TWA in humans, addressing the following questions derived from common clinical observations: (1) Where does TWA on the surface electrocardiogram come from? (2) Why is controlled heart rate elevation required to elicit TWA? (3) Why is TWA associated with risk for SCD? (4) Why is TWA associated with a broad range of ventricular arrhythmias? (5) How do commonly used medications affect TWA?
Pheromonal and host-odor processing in the insect antennal lobe: how different?

Abstract In the olfactory bulb of vertebrates and the antennal lobe of insects, precise connections between sensory receptor cells and olfactory glomeruli form the basis of a highly organized chemotopic map at the first stage of central processing in the brain. Beyond this basic level of organization, the olfactory system is typically separated into two subsystems: a ‘main’ olfactory pathway that detects and processes information about most environmental odorants, and an ‘accessory’ olfactory pathway that is devoted to information about social signals such as sex pheromones. A growing number of studies show, however, that it is not always possible to draw clear functional distinctions between the two subsystems. These findings have led some to speculate that the organizational principles by which olfactory stimuli are represented across glomeruli may be more similar in these two olfactory subsystems than previously thought.
Migration velocity analysis and waveform inversion

Least-squares inversion of seismic reflection waveform data can reconstruct remarkably detailed models of subsurface structure and take into account essentially any physics of seismic wave propagation that can be modelled. However, the waveform inversion objective has many spurious local minima, hence convergence of descent methods (mandatory because of problem size) to useful Earth models requires accurate initial estimates of long-scale velocity structure. Migration velocity analysis, on the other hand, is capable of correcting substantially erroneous initial estimates of velocity at long scales. Migration velocity analysis is based on prestack depth migration, which is in turn based on linearized acoustic modelling (Born or single-scattering approximation). Two major variants of prestack depth migration, using binning of surface data and Claerbout's survey-sinking concept respectively, are in widespread use. Each type of prestack migration produces an image volume depending on redundant parameters and supplies a condition on the image volume, which expresses consistency between data and velocity model and is hence a basis for velocity analysis. The survey-sinking (depth-oriented) approach to prestack migration is less subject to kinematic artefacts than is the binning-based (surface-oriented) approach. Because kinematic artefacts strongly violate the consistency or semblance conditions, this observation suggests that velocity analysis based on depth-oriented prestack migration may be more appropriate in kinematically complex areas. Appropriate choice of objective (differential semblance) turns either form of migration velocity analysis into an optimization problem, for which Newton-like methods exhibit little tendency to stagnate at nonglobal minima. The extended modelling concept links migration velocity analysis to the apparently unrelated waveform inversion approach to estimation of Earth structure: from this point of view, migration velocity analysis is a solution method for the linearized waveform inversion problem. Extended modelling also provides a basis for a nonlinear generalization of migration velocity analysis. Preliminary numerical evidence suggests a new approach to nonlinear waveform inversion, which may combine the global convergence of velocity analysis with the physical fidelity of model-based data fitting.
F-18 FDG-PET imaging and correlation with CT in staging and follow-up of pediatric lymphomas

We hypothesized that F-18 FDG-PET could be a useful, functional imaging modality for assessing the initial staging, response to therapy and follow-up of children diagnosed with lymphoma. To assess the role of whole-body F-18 FDG-PET imaging in patients with lymphoma as an initial staging modality and to measure its predictive value for monitoring the response to therapy and disease recurrence compared to CT and clinical follow-up studies. As part of their routine clinical care, 24 patients with histologically proven lymphoma (18 Hodgkin disease and 6 non-Hodgkin lymphoma) underwent an F-18 FDG-PET and a CT scan. A total of 28 studies were performed and the entire set of scans retrospectively reviewed. Seven studies were performed for initial staging, 12 for monitoring therapy response and 9 for detecting recurrence. Initial diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology while the gold standard at follow-up was established by clinical follow-up, additional imaging modalities and/or biopsy. F-18 FDG-PET was visually compared to CT on a lesion-by-lesion basis. Fifteen anatomic regions (seven nodal and eight extranodal) were analyzed. Of the 414 regions analyzed, PET and CT were concordant in 366 (positive in 16 and negative in 350). Discordance was found in 48 regions. Overall sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values were 78%, 98%, 94% and 90% for F-18 FDG-PET and 79%, 88%, 90% and 46% for CT, respectively. F-18 FDG-PET imaging is a useful technique for the staging and follow-up of pediatric patients with lymphoma.