cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The emergence of words: attentional learning in form and meaning.

Children improve at word learning during the 2nd year of life—sometimes dramatically. This fact has suggested a change in mechanism, from associative learning to a more referential form of learning. This article presents an associative exemplar-based model that accounts for the improvement without a change in mechanism. It provides a unified account of children’s growing abilities to (a) learn a new word given only 1 or a few training trials (“fast mapping”); (b) acquire words that differ only slightly in phonological form; (c) generalize word meanings preferentially along particular dimensions, such as object shape (the “shape bias”); and (d) learn 2nd labels for already-named objects, despite a persisting resistance to doing so (“mutual exclusivity”). The model explains these improvements in terms of increased attention to relevant aspects of form and meaning, which reduces memory interference. The interaction of associations and reference in word learning is discussed.
Challenges for embedded software development

Embedded software development is becoming increasingly difficult because of technical and commercial pressures. This paper assesses the state of the embedded software development discipline, examines where it is now by posing a set of challenges, evaluates the state of development of key technologies, and lastly presents a vision for how embedded software development might proceed in fifteen years time.
Delinquent Pedigrees: Revision, Lineage, and Spatial Rhetoric in The Duchess of Malfi

AbstractLocating John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi within a cluster of early seventeenth‐century concerns about legitimacy and hereditary succession, this essay traces the ways in which Webster strategically alters his primary narrative source, William Painter's The Palace of Pleasure, so as to expose rather than to suppress the indeterminacy of patrilineality. Webster's tragedy focuses specifically on a remarrying widow and her children, a particular social problem that makes visible the contradictions inherent to the early modern system of patrilineal inheritance. The action of the play thus stages the tensions between the dominant legal form of patrilineality and the material practices shaping and changing it. Drawing in part on the theories of Michel de Certeau, this essay takes a fresh critical approach to the play by placing particular emphasis on the distinctively spatialized aspects of Webster's dramaturgical rendering of his source material and noting the ways in which he uses the ideological a...
Correlation between hot-spot temperature and aging factor of oil-immersed current transformers

Effect of a variable and continuous load on top-oil (TOT) and hot-spot (HST) temperature rise and in turn, on aging of mineral-oil-immersed transformers has been well studied. Detailed loading procedures covered in relevant IEEE Standard serve utilities manage critical assets in the form of power and distribution transformers. Current transformers (CT) have neither been specifically addressed nor independently studied. Due to a significantly different electromechanical design and in particular lower volume of oil, it is necessary to check the thermal characteristics of a CT against existing general guidelines. A state-of-the-art technology using optical fibers was employed for direct measurement of HST at various load profiles. Results indicate a significant difference between HST reference value in standards and the experimentally obtained value for CTs. Moreover, accelerated aging factors for CTs appear to be different from those calculated by using the standards for power and distribution transformers.
Competitive analysis of on-line algorithms for on-demand data broadcast scheduling

We consider a communication problem, in which requests for data items arrive from time to time via a terrestrial network and at each broadcast tick the single server chooses a data item to broadcast via a satellite downlink to satisfy all the requests for the item. The goal of the server to minimize the total wait time of the requests. In this paper, we examine two well-known on-line algorithms used by the server to decide which data item to broadcast at each broadcast tick. In particular, we present complete competitive analysis of the algorithms, a research aspect of the problem which had not been studied before. Our results are consistent with observations obtained by simulation experiments reported in past literature. In addition, we prove a general lower bound to the competitive ratios of all online algorithms. The competitive ratios obtained for the two on-line algorithms in fact match our general lower bound, indicating the optimality of the algorithms.
Production of small, acid-soluble spore proteins in Clostridium perfringens nonfoodborne gastrointestinal disease isolates.

The molecular basis for the differences in heat resistance between spores of Clostridium perfringens food-borne versus nonfoodborne isolates remains unknown. Since a recent study demonstrated the r...
CONGRUENCES FOR SUMS OF POWERS OF KLOOSTERMAN SUMS

The nth power-moments Sn of classical Kloosterman sums (mod p) are known explicitly only for n ≤ 6. In 2002, we conjectured formulas for Sn (mod 4) for each n > 1, valid for all primes p > n. Here we prove these formulas, and give conjectural congruences for Sn modulo some higher powers of 2 for a few small values of n. For example, we conjecture that if p ≡ 17 (mod 120), so that p = 3s2 + 5t2, then
Witwer, K.W.; et al. Correction: miRNA Profiles of Monocyte-Lineage Cells Are Consistent with Complicated Roles in HIV-1 Restriction. Viruses 2012, 4, 1844-1864.

A funding designation in our 2012 Viruses publication, doi: 10.3390/v4101844 (Viruses 2012, 4, 1844-1864), contained an incorrect digit. On page 1860, (Acknowledgments), U19 support was incorrectly listed as AI076113. The correct designation is AI096113. [...]
A low power radix-4 dual recoded integer squaring implementation for use in design of application specific arithmetic circuits

We introduce an implementation of a radix 4 dual recoding procedure for the squaring operation of an n-bit number which reduces the number of bit product terms employed in the previously known squaring methods obtained by either Booth radix-4 recoded multiplication or by radix 2 squaring. Several other squaring algorithms have been developed such as [WSM99], [YW01], and [SNC01]. Employing the dual recoded radix-4 procedure for design of a squaring circuit introduces a significant reduction in power and area. Architecturally, radix-4 dual recoded squaring uses only the 1's complement representation which allows for a simpler PPG structure as compared to the 2's complement representation required for Booth radix-4 multiplication.
Reflections on Humanizing Biomedicine

Although biomedicine is responsible for the "miracles" of modern medicine, paradoxically it has also led to a quality-of-care crisis in which many patients feel disenfranchised from the health-care industry. To address this crisis, several medical commentators make an appeal for humanizing biomedicine, which has led to shifts in the philosophical boundaries of medical knowledge and practice. In this paper, the metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical boundaries of biomedicine and its humanized versions are investigated and compared to one another. Biomedicine is founded on a metaphysical position of mechanistic monism, an epistemology of objective knowing, and an ethic of emotionally detached concern. In humanizing modern medicine, these boundaries are often shifted to a metaphysical position of dualism/holism, an epistemology of subject knowing, and an ethic of empathic care. In a concluding section, the question is discussed whether these shifts in the philosophical boundaries are adequate to resolve the quality-of-care crisis.
Ebola Virus, Neutrophils, and Antibody Specificity

Fig. 1. Flow cytometry assays. Incubation with primary antibody, black solid lines; control FITCconjugated antibodies alone, red dotted lines. (A) Binding of sGP and Fab fragment (LS4) to
Colmar-Plymouth Conundrum: ABSTRACT

End_Page 1286------------------------------The Colmar-Plymouth oil field is the only significant field found so far in the northwesternmost Illinois basin. Since its discovery in 1914, it has produced more than 5 million bbl, and still produced almost 28,000 bbl in 1977. Intermittent, but persistent search for additional production since 1914, has been largely unsuccessful. Why have no other significant discoveries been made? Does reexamination of the region considering current concepts and conditions hold any hope for additional hydrocarbon production? The reservoir at Colmar-Plymouth is the Hoing Sandstone, an isolated lens of well sorted, mature, Devonian shoreline sand. The shoreline borders the northern flank of the contemporaneous Sangamon arch. Oil in the field apparently originated in shale of the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Group, which is exposed on the pre-Devonian unconformity beneath the reservoir. The field also lies almost on the crest of one of a series of broad northwest-trending structural noses crossing the arch. Consideration of these conditions provides our only geologic key to the Colmar-Plymouth conundrum. One legacy of the dismal and largely unguided exploration history of the past 70 years in west-central Illinois, is the accumulation of a large mass of sociologically interesting data of unpredictable scientific value. Perceptive analysis and interpretation of these data might well lead to additional discoveries and have a certain entertainment value in its own right. The shallow depth at which oil occurs in the area, the demonstrated longevity of production, and current market conditions, encourage exploration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1287------------
A Special‐Purpose Taxonomy of Corporate Social Performance Concepts

The first iteration of a nonstatic special‐purpose taxonomy of corporate social performance concepts is developed from a mailed, self‐administered survey completed by managers of U.S. socially responsible mutual funds. The study combines the traditionally disparate research areas of Corporate Social Performance and Socially Responsible Investing. As a partial update of Rockness and Williams (1988), a descriptive account is presented of what mutual fund managers regard as the social issues that constitute corporate social performance. The resulting taxonomy represents an empirically derived framework useful in considering social accounting in general and accounting standard setting in particular.
Evaluation of the Best Management Practices at the Watershed Scale to Attenuate Peak Streamflow Under Climate Change Scenarios

The objectives of this study are (1) to develop a calibrated and validated model for streamflow using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the Lower Pearl River Watershed (LPRW) located in southern Mississippi, and (2) to assess the performance of parallel terraces, grassed waterways, and detention pond BMPs at attenuating peakflows at the watershed-scale under changes in precipitation, temperature, and CO2 concentrations. The model was calibrated and validated for streamflow at 4 USGS gauge stations at the daily scale from 1994 to 2003 using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) optimization algorithm in SWAT-CUP. The model demonstrated good to very good performance (R2 = 0.49 to 0.90 and NSE = 0.49 to 0.84) between the observed and simulated daily streamflows at all 4 USGS gauge stations. This study found that grassed waterways had the highest peak flow reduction (−8.4 %), followed by detention ponds (−6.0 %), and then parallel terraces (−3.1 %) during the baseline climate scenario. Combining the different BMPs yielded greater reduction in average peak flow compared to implementing each BMP individually in both the current and changing climate scenarios. This study also found that the effectiveness of BMPs to reduce peakflows decreases significantly when increased rainfall or increased CO2 concentrations are introduced in the watershed model. When increasing temperatures or decreasing rainfall is incorporated in the model, the peakflow reductions caused by BMPs generally does not change significantly.
Febrile infants at low risk for serious bacterial infection - An appraisal of the Rochester criteria and implications for management

Objective. Prospective studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that infants unlikely to have serious bacterial infections (SBI) can be accurately identified by low risk criteria. Methods. Febrile infants (rectal T ≥ 38°C) ≤60 days of age were considered at low risk for SBI if they met the following criteria: 1) appear well; 2) were previously healthy; 3) have no focal infection; 4) have WBC count 5.0-15.0 x 109 cells/L (5000-15 000/mm3), band form count≤ 1.5 x 109 cells/L (≤1500/mm3), ≤10 WBC per high power field on microscopic examination of spun urine sediment, and ≤5 WBC per high power field on microscopic examination of a stool smear (if diarrhea). The recommended evaluation included the culture of specimens of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine for bacteria. Outcomes were determined. The negative predictive values of the low risk criteria for SBI and bacteremia were calculated. Results. Of 1057 eligible infants, 931 were well appearing, and, of these, 437 met the remaining low risk criteria. Five low risk infants had SBI including two infants with bacteremia. The negative predictive value of the low risk criteria was 98.9% (95% confidence interval, 97.2% to 99.6%) for SBI, and 99.5% (95% confidence interval, 98.2% to 99.9%) for bacteremia. Conclusions. These data confirm the ability of the low risk criteria to identify infants unlikely to have SBI. Infants who meet the low risk criteria can be carefully observed without administering antimicrobial agents.
Mentoring ‘inside’ the action of teaching: induction coaches’ perspectives and practices

To provide a shared vision of effective mentoring and language for practice, Schwille developed a temporal framework depicting mentoring practices referred to as ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ the action of teaching. ‘Inside’ mentoring occurs when teachers are working with students (e.g. co-teaching and demonstration teaching), whereas ‘outside’ mentoring occurs before or after instruction (e.g. co-planning and debriefing sessions). ‘Inside/outside’ practices are complementary, yet a majority of mentoring occurs ‘outside’ the action of teaching, suggesting an underutilized range of practices. This qualitative study examined the ‘inside’ practices of six experienced, full-release induction coaches in 10 high-need elementary schools in the United States. Results indicate that coaches employed ‘inside’ practices to provide concrete, in-context modeling. While coaches stated that ‘inside’ practices can accelerate new teachers’ development and increase images of students’ potential, they also stated they were reticent...
Asymptotic Variance–Covariance Matrices of Two-Stage Estimators in the Presence of Continuous and Binary Dependent Variables with an Empirical Application

We develop a general procedure to derive the asymptotic variance–covariance matrices of several two-stage estimators that can be used to estimate simultaneous equation systems with a mixture of any number of binary and continuous dependent variables. To demonstrate the usefulness of our procedure, we estimate a familiar simultaneous equations model that includes one continuous and two binary dependent variables, and derive their covariance matrices directly from our general formula. Our results are expected to be of tremendous help to numerous practitioners of econometrics using two-stage procedures to estimate their simultaneous equations models with different numbers of continuous and binary dependent variables.
Effect of ionic liquid impurities on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been widely utilized as versatile solvents for metal nanoparticle synthesis; however, reactions to synthesize silver nanoparticles that are performed identically in different commercially obtained lots of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM-BF4) give divergent results. This suggests that impurities in these nominally identical solvents play an important role in the resulting silver nanoparticle quality. To test the effect that impurities have on the quality of silver nanoparticles synthesized in BMIM-BF4, silver nanoparticles were synthesized in carefully prepared and purified BMIM-BF4 and compared against silver nanoparticles that were synthesized in the purified BMIM-BF4 that had been spiked with trace amounts of water, chloride, and 1-methylimidazole. It was clearly demonstrated that trace amounts of these common ionic liquid impurities cause significant deviation in size and shape (creating polydisperse and irregularly shaped ensembles of both large...
Adolescents undergoing surgery for idiopathic scoliosis: how physical and psychological characteristics relate to patient satisfaction with the cosmetic result.

Study Design. Patient satisfaction with the cosmetic result of spinal fusion surgery was studied in 42 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Neutral or dissatisfied patients were compared with satisfied patients on several physical and psychological characteristics. Objectives. To determine whether adolescents generally report satisfaction with the postoperative appearance of their back after the correction of severe curves and whether preoperative medical and/or psychological factors distinguish between patients who will report satisfaction with the cosmetic surgical result from those who will report neutrality or dissatisfaction. Summary of Background Data. Previous reports emphasize the need for medical outcomes research that evaluates both patient satisfaction and technical success. Patient satisfaction with spinal surgery has largely been evaluated in retrospective studies and most consistently related to postoperative cosmesis and degree of curve correction. Methods. Forty-two adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis without comorbidity, who were 12 years 6 months of age or older, and who did not require both anterior and posterior spinal fusion, were studied preoperatively and postoperatively by physical and psychological measurements. Results. Of patients undergoing surgical correction of severe curves, 73% reported satisfaction with the cosmetic result. Neutral or dissatisfied patients were more likely than satisfied patients to have a lower body mass index (P < 0.05), to be younger in menarcheal status (P < 0.05), and have a King II or King III curve type. Preoperative psychological difficulties (P< 0.05) and unmet expectations regarding the postoperative cosmesis (P < 0.05) were more common among neutral or dissatisfied patients. Conclusions. Most adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic surgical result. Preoperative physical characteristics, psychological difficulties, and unrealistic expectations regarding postoperative cosmesis are associated with patient neutrality or dissatisfaction.
Receptor saturation controls short-term synaptic plasticity at corticothalamic synapses.

Glutamatergic synapses of layer 6 corticothalamic (CT) neurons form a major excitatory input onto thalamic relay cells, allowing neocortex to continuously control sensory information processing in ...
Dependency and Economic Growth in Latin America

Several prior empirical analyses have revealed a negative relationship between dependency and the economic performance of developing nations. However, two recent articles focusing on Latin American states report apparently contradictory findings. Kaufman, Geller, and Chernotsky (1975) found that more dependent Latin American states grow more rapidly in terms of changes in GNP, while Alschuler (1976)—analyzing virtually the same states, but a shorter time period—found that more dependent states experience slower economic growth. A comparison of the data and the indices used in the two studies reveals that there are a number of possible explanations for the differences in these findings. Scatter plots of several relationships also show that both sets of findings may have been substantially affected by extreme “outliers.” Finally, the application of panel regression analysis to the different (but overlapping) time periods analyzed in the two previous studies uncovers similar relationships between dependency and economic growth in Latin America.
Manual versus Robotic Assembly: Some Implications of Product Design

In order to facilitate automatic assembly by robots, it is necessary to reduce the number of parts to be assembled. A recent study at IBM analyzed the assembly paper feeding device for a copying machine that was composed of 27 different parts. This was too much for an automatic assembly procedure. After redesigning the product, the number of parts was reduced to 14, 13 of which could be assembled by a robot. The remaining part had to be inserted by a human operator. Such redesign usually incorporates several principles which facilitate robotic assembly. For example, the use of symmetrical parts so that the robot does not have to turn parts around, the use of notches to guide the insertion of parts, and a reduction in the number of screws used. The surprising outcome was that although the product could now be assembled by a robot, manual assembly had also been considerably simplified. In fact, it was so easy that it didn't pay off to use a robot. This redesigned part is still assembled by human operators. ...
Ultrasonographic and serum biochemical studies on liver damage of workers exposed to mixed benzene in low concentration

[Objective]To study the ultrasonographic and serum biochemical changes of liver damage of workers exposed to mixed benzene in low concentration,investigate the clinical significance.[Methods]110 workers(80 men and 30 women)exposed to low concentration mixed benzene(benzene,toluene and xylene) were enrolled in the exposure group. According to the similar constitution of age,length of service,and gender,110 healthy persons who have not exposed to mixed benzene were recruited in the control group. By the color Doppler ultrasonography,the exposure group and the control group received the routine liver ultrasound examination,middle hepatic vein diameter and frequency spectrum. And the serum liver biochemical indexes were detected. [Results]The detection rate of hepatomegaly,fatty liver,liver abnormal echo and abnormal results in hepatic vein spectrum in the exposure group was respectively 10.90%,16.36%,33.63% and 19.09%,which was higher than that in the control group(2.72%,7.27%,12.72% and 8.18%),and the differences were statistically significant(all P0.05). The serum biochemical examination showed that the detection rate of increased activity of AST and ALT in the exposure group was respectively 15.45% and 12.72%,which was higher than that in the control group(5.45% and 3.63%),and the differences were statistically significant(both P0.05).[Conclusion]The mixed benzene exposure injures not only blood system as but also liver.The workers exposed to mixed benzene in low concentration show significant damages in liver sonographic examination,middle hepatic vein spectrum and serum biochemical indexes as compared with the control group. The early ultrasound examination can discover the morphologic and hemodynamic changes of liver, and the serum biochemical tests can determine the hepatic functional change. The combination of two ways contributes to the early judgment of the liver damage,provides the basis and methods for early detection of liver damage and protection of health,which has the clinical significance.
Laboratory Experiments: Professionals Versus Students

This paper reviews experiments that include two types of subjects: professionals and students. The typical subject pool for economic experiments is composed of students. Professionals are loosely defined as people working in an industry where the game under study is thought to be relevant. The experiments considered in the review had to use standard experimental procedures. Furthermore, only experiments where the authors gave theoretical predictions are included. Overall, results from those studies lead to similar conclusions (with respect to how the behavior of subjects conform to the comparative static predictions of the theory) for both the usual subject pool and for professionals.
Designing a Smart Watch Interface for a Notification and Communication System for Nursing Homes

Among the unique challenges faced by nursing homes is poor communication and notification. An analysis of the work system showed that a mobile device-based system that rely less on auditory display is promising. We proposed a smartwatch interface as part of communication and notification system for nursing homes. A user-centered design approach was adopted in the design and evaluation of the interface. The application integrates call light system, chair and bed alarms, wander guard, and calling for help functions and uses multi-modal interfaces to provide informative alarms for nursing home staff. Through a process of iterative testing and refinement with prospective users (through cognitive walkthrough, heuristic evaluation and usability testing of low-fidelity prototypes), a final design was well received by nursing experts in geriatric care and at local nursing homes. The effects of the system will be tested in the future using a high-fidelity prototype through simulation experiment.
Direct observation of the biexciton ground state in semiconductor quantum dots

It has been predicted that the ground state of the biexciton (two electron-hole pairs) in quantum dots should lie at an energy less than twice that of the lowest energy exciton state.1 The biexciton ground state has not been seen before as a result of broadening, both homogeneous and in homogeneous, which obscures the expected induced-absorption feature.
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Caring for the older person is perhaps one of the most challenging tasks in clinical medicine. In addition to normal age-related changes that affect function and physiological response, certain age-prevalent diseases also accumulate. This may lead to even the most experienced clinician being surprised by the often atypical and nonspecific presentation of illness. Although a comprehensive geriatric assessment may be time- and labor-intensive, thoughtful screening is nonetheless crucial to assess an elderly person’s functional ability, physical health, cognitive and mental health, and socio-environmental situation.
Impacts of SiO2 planarization on optical thin film properties and laser damage resistance

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Colorado State University (CSU) have co-developed a planarization process to smooth nodular defects. This process consists of individually depositing then etching tens of nanometers of SiO2 with a ratio of 2:1, respectively. Previous work shows incorporating the angular dependent ion surface etching and unidirectional deposition reduces substrate defect cross-sectional area by 90%. This work investigates the micro-structural and optical modifications of planarized SiO2 films deposited by ion beam sputtering (IBS). It is shown the planarized SiO2 thin films have ~3x increase in absorption and ~18% reduction in thin film stress as compared to control (as deposited) SiO2. Planarized SiO2 films exhibit ~13% increase in RMS surface roughness with respect to the control and super polished fused silica substrates. Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) results indicate the planarization process has no effect on the onset fluence but alters the shape of the probability vs fluence trace.
Translational Correlation: Clinical Neuroimmunology

Abstract Neuroimmunological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system in which inflammation plays a major role. In particular, neuroimmunological disorders are of importance because when recognized early, anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive strategies can result in significant improvement in patients suffering from these disorders. Because of this, we not only provide a detailed background on common neuroimmunological conditions, but also touch on more esoteric ones that still need to be recognized to avoid missing opportunities for disease-modifying treatment. The neuroimmunological disorders discussed in this chapter emphasize the growing numbers of therapeutic strategies being utilized to treat these disorders and the increasing success with the utilization of these therapeutic interventions. Highlights in our current understanding of many of these neuroimmunological disorders are also discussed.
What Has the Study of Digital Games Contributed to the Science of Expert Behavior

I review the historical context for modeling skilled performance in games. Using Newell's (1990) concept of time bands for explaining cognitive behavior, I categorize the current papers in terms of time scales, type of data, and analysis methodologies. I discuss strengths and weaknesses of these approaches for describing skill acquisition and why the study of digital games can address the challenges of replication and generalizability. Cognitive science needs to pay closer attention to population representativeness to enhance generalizability of findings, and to the social band of explanation, in order to explain why so few individuals reach expert levels of performance.
La Historia de Cataluña y de la Corona de Aragón de Víctor Balaguer, aportacions i reflexions per a una contextualització

En aquest text s’analitzen el marc historic i les circumstancies en les quals es van elaborar la Historia de Cataluna y de la Corona de Aragon, escrita per Victor Balaguer i editada per Salvador Manero. S’analitzen aspectes relacionats amb l’edicio, el context cultural, les intencions de l’autor, les critiques que va rebre i les interpretacions que s’han fet sobre ell i la seva obra
Marriage Timing and Educational Assortative Mating

Educational homogamy is common, but the association between marriage timing and educational assortative mating is not well understood. Following never-married men and women over time with NLSY79 pa...
Outcomes of primary central nervous system lymphoma in the era of immunotherapy: Cleveland Clinic experience.

e13516Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), a form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma represents 3% of primary CNS tumors. It is aggressive but typically confined to the CNS. Despite improvements in the management of PCNSL, more than 50% of patients eventually relapse. There are limited data on PCNSL from larger cohort studies. Methods: With IRB approval, the Cleveland Clinic Neuro-Oncology Center database was used to identify patients treated between 2006-2015 for PCNSL. Overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis of PCNSL and progression free survival (PFS) were the primary and secondary end points respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used for data analysis. Results: 86 PCNSL patients were included in the analysis. Only 5% (4/76) were HIV positive. The median age of diagnosis was 63 (range 15 - 86) and 50% were males. 88% of patients presented only with brain lesion, 8% only in eye and 4% had both brain and eye involvement. 15% of patients (12/81) had positive CSF findi...
RADIOCARBON DATING | AMS Method

This article summarizes the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for radiocarbon dating measurements. It expands on the principles already laid out in the articles on Principles of Radiocarbon Dating and 00040. The great advantage of AMS is that it allows dating of very small, sub-milligram (<0.5 mg C) samples of carbon to routine precisions of about 0.3% (±24 radiocarbon years). Higher precisions, down to about 0.2% can be obtained by longer counting times or multiple measurements.
Resource-based Theory and Types of Entrepreneurial Firms

We explore resource-based theory as a valuable theoretical framework for describing and explaining behaviors and outcomes of the four general types of entrepreneurial ventures: survival, lifestyle,...
Rostral anterior cingulate cortex is a structural correlate of repetitive TMS treatment response in depression.

Abstract Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for medication-refractory major depression, yet the mechanisms of action for this intervention are poorly understood. Here we investigate cerebral cortex thickness as a possible biomarker of rTMS treatment response. Methods Longitudinal change in cortical thickness is evaluated relative to clinical outcomes across 48 participants in 2 cohorts undergoing left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS as a treatment for depression. Results Our results reveal changes in thickness in a region of the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex that correlate with clinical response, with this region becoming thicker in patients who respond favorably to rTMS and thinner in patients with a less favorable response. Moreover, the baseline cortical thickness in this region correlates with rTMS treatment response – those patients with thinner cortex before treatment tended to have the most clinical improvement. Conclusions This study is the first analysis of longitudinal cortical thickness change with rTMS as a treatment for depression with similar results across two cohorts. These results support further investigation into the use of structural MRI as a possible biomarker of rTMS treatment response.
Ultrasonography of Plantar Fibromatosis: Updated Case Series, Review of the Literature, and a Novel Descriptive Appearance Termed the “Comb Sign”

The purpose of this series is to review the appearance of plantar fibromatosis with high-resolution ultrasonography (US) and highlight a new imaging sign termed the "comb sign." A retrospective study was performed for patients with a clinical diagnosis of plantar fibromatosis. Charts of 43 patients (age range, 26-77 years; mean age, 54 years) were reviewed to gather patient demographics and symptoms. Several US characteristics were evaluated with emphasis on any new imaging features. A total of 57 plantar fibromas in 43 patients were examined. Plantar fibromatosis was seen as a lobular marginated oval nodule along the superficial plantar fascia involving the central or medial cord, often at the middle third (84%) of the plantar fascia, showing posterior acoustic enhancement (65%), mixed echogenicity (82%), and intralesional vascularity (53%). Slightly more than half (51%) of the lesions showed a previously unrecognized appearance, designated the comb sign. This sign was more commonly seen in the setting of larger fibromas (P < .05). Plantar fibromatosis is usually a clinical diagnosis that can be aided by a typical US appearance. Although the imaging characteristics are largely similar to prior literature, this series suggests that most show mixed echogenicity and posterior acoustic enhancement, and approximately half show internal vascularity. A new US sign, termed the comb sign, shows alternating bands of hypoechogenicity and isoechogenicity, particularly in larger plantar fibromas, and can help in further characterization.
Expression of V642 APP mutant causes cellular apoptosis as Alzheimer trait-linked phenotype.

Abstract APP is a transmembrane precursor of beta-amyloid. In dominantly inherited familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), point mutations V6421, V642F and V642G have been discovered in APP695. Here we show that expression of these mutants (FAD-APPs) causes a clone of COS cells to undergo apoptosis associated with DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis by the three FAD-APPs was the highest among all possible V642 mutants; normal APP695 had no effect on apoptosis, suggesting that apoptosis by APP mutants in this system is phenotypically linked to the FAD trait. FAD-APP-induced apoptosis was sensitive to bcl-2 and most probably mediated by heteromeric G proteins. This study presents a model system allowing analysis of the mechanism for FAD-APP-induced cytotoxicity.
The Organization of Services for Chronically Ill Children and their Families

The authors describe current aspects of the organization of care, discuss issues of cost and financing of care, examine selected policies in other developed countries, and describe recent efforts at regionalization of care for chronically ill children.
Personality, Social Control, and Drug Use in Early Adolescence

Sociological theories of crime and delinquency have been criticized for failing to take into account biological and personality factors that may predispose people to antisocial behavior (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1989; Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985). According to these critics, dispositional differences produced by heredity, environmental conditions (e.g., nutrition and lead exposure), and parental behavior emerge and are identifiable in early childhood. It is charged that criminologists who fail to take these dispositional characteristics into account may exaggerate the importance of later social experiences in their explanations of delinquency and crime. Differential association and bonding theories, in particular, have been criticized in this regard.
Abstract 25: Abnormalities within Normal Sinus Rhythm

Trained cardiologists detect atrial fibrillation by visual interpretation of certain segments of electrocardiogram (EKG) lines known as the QRS complex. Similarly, available EKG-software also evalu...
Management of Intracardiac Thrombus During Orthotopic Liver Transplant

Liver transplant is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease, which can be caused by pharmacologic, oncologic, metabolic, and iatrogenic factors. End-stage liver disease leads to altered physiology of multiple organ systems, most notable cardiac, pulmonary, and hematologic/coagulation. As a result, the anesthesiologist faces many intraoperative challenges. This chapter describes the intraoperative resuscitation of a patient with end-stage liver disease secondary to malignancy and details the intricate management of complications from an unexpected large right atrial thrombus and associated prothrombotic and coagulopathic changes. We also describe in detail manifestations of end-stage liver disease and their anesthetic impact, the role of transesophageal echocardiography, specific anesthetic considerations during the different stages of liver transplant, management of massive hemorrhage including a rapid blood infuser, and diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathies.
Narrowing the field: cancer-specific promoters for mitochondrially-targeted p53-BH3 fusion gene therapy in ovarian cancer

Despite years of research, the treatment options and mortality rate for ovarian cancer remain relatively stagnant. Resistance to chemotherapy and high heterogeneity in mutations contribute to ovarian cancer’s lethality, including many mutations in tumor suppressor p53. Though wild type p53 gene therapy clinical trials failed in ovarian cancer, mitochondrially-targeted p53 fusion constructs, including a fusion with pro-apoptotic protein Bad, have shown much higher apoptotic potential than wild type p53 in vitro. Due to the inherent toxicities of mitochondrial apoptosis, cancer-specificity for the p53 fusion constructs must be developed. Cancer-specific promoters such as hTERT, hTC, Brms1, and Ran have shown promise in ovarian cancer. Of five different lengths of hTERT promoter, the − 279/+ 5 length relative to the transcription start site showed the highest activity across a panel of ovarian cancer cells. In addition to − 279/+ 5, promoters hTC (an hTERT/CMV promoter hybrid), Brms1, and Ran were tested as drivers of mitochondrially-targeted p53-Bad and p53-Bad* fusion gene therapy constructs. p53-Bad* displayed cancer-specific killing in all ovarian cancer cell lines when driven by hTC, − 279/+ 5, or Brms1. Cancer-specific promoters hTC, − 279/+ 5, and Brms1 all display promise in driving p53-Bad* gene therapy for treatment of ovarian cancer and should be moved forward into in vivo studies. -279/+ 5 displays lower expression levels in fewer cells, but greater cancer specificity, rendering it most useful for gene therapeutics with high toxicity to normal cells. hTC and Brms1 show higher transfection and expression levels with some cancer specificity, making them ideal for lowering toxicity in order to increase dose without as much of a reduction in the number of cancer cells expressing the gene construct. Having a variety of promoters available means that patient genetic testing can aid in choosing a promoter, thereby increasing cancer-specificity and giving patients with ovarian cancer a greater chance at survival.
Hypoglycemic effects of endotoxin in eviscerated dogs.

Abstract : Terminal endotoxin shock in the canine is associated with profound hypoglycemia. In order to evaluate the intricacies of this response during endotoxin shock, serum glucose and insulin levels were measured in eviscerated dogs with ablation of pancreatic and hepatic function. The response of eviscerated dogs with absent pancreatic and hepatic function is compatible with insulin-independent peripheral tissue catabolism of glucose and an increased lactate/pyruvate ratio suggests anaerobic metabolism. Increased survival in animals administered exogenous glucose indicates reversible, fuel dependent changes of peripheral tissue metabolism. Since hyperglycemia has been a predominant finding in clinical endotoxin shock, species differences are emphasized but perhaps closer scrutiny of the terminal stages of clinical endotoxin shock would be more compatible with this experimental model.
PolyVis: Cross-Device Framework for Collaborative Visual Data Analysis

Multi device environments present new opportunities for collaborative visual data analysis and sense making by utilizing each device’s strengths and capabilities. However, one of the associated challenges with visual data analysis in multi device environments is the sharing of visual components across devices. We present a framework developed on top of SAGE2 platform for cross-device collaborative visual data exploration. As part of our framework, we contribute the concept of rapid development and assembling of visualizations that can span multiple devices of different modalities. It provides the users with an environment for visualization compositions that delegate the rendering to the target device, allowing them to augment their large display workspace with portable devices for further exploration territories. Facilitated by its intuitive visualization composition pipeline, users with no programming skills such as data analysts can enhance their analytical scope with no coding barriers. We describe the framework, its implementation with a use case, and the rationale behind its design.
Application and testing of a triple bubbler sensor in molten salts

Abstract A triple bubbler sensor was tested in LiCl–KCl molten salt from 450 to 525 °C in a transparent furnace to validate thermal-expansion corrections and provide additional molten salt data sets for calibration and validation of the sensor. In addition to these tests, a model was identified and further developed to accurately determine the density, surface tension, and depth from the measured bubble pressures. A unique feature of the model is that calibration constants can be estimated using independent depth measurements, which allow calibration and validation of the sensor in an electrorefiner where the salt density and surface tension are largely unknown. This model and approach were tested using the current and previous triple bubbler data sets, and results indicate that accuracies are as high as 0.03%, 4.6%, and 0.15% for density, surface tension, and depth, respectively.
Control of surface oxide formation in plasma-enhanced quasiatomic layer etching of tantalum nitride

Surface oxide formation inhibiting the etch of a tantalum nitride (TaN) film was controlled through step pressure modulation and H2 addition in a Cl2/Ar based plasma-assisted cyclic etch process. Sources contributing to the oxidation of the film included the mask materials, specifically the silicon-containing antireflective coating, as measured by optical emission spectroscopy. Surface analysis of etched films by secondary ion mass spectroscopy showed the presence of a modified surface layer ∼2 nm thick with localized oxygen concentrations 0.02 and 0.003 that of the control sample (without and with H2 addition, respectively). Reduced Ta–O bonding observed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a result of H2 addition was found to enhance etch rate uniformity of both blanket and patterned films. Minimization of redeposited oxidized TaN on the mask sidewalls of patterned samples was achieved using this etch process and by controlling the lithographic stack composition.Surface oxide formation inhibiting the etch of a tantalum nitride (TaN) film was controlled through step pressure modulation and H2 addition in a Cl2/Ar based plasma-assisted cyclic etch process. Sources contributing to the oxidation of the film included the mask materials, specifically the silicon-containing antireflective coating, as measured by optical emission spectroscopy. Surface analysis of etched films by secondary ion mass spectroscopy showed the presence of a modified surface layer ∼2 nm thick with localized oxygen concentrations 0.02 and 0.003 that of the control sample (without and with H2 addition, respectively). Reduced Ta–O bonding observed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a result of H2 addition was found to enhance etch rate uniformity of both blanket and patterned films. Minimization of redeposited oxidized TaN on the mask sidewalls of patterned samples was achieved using this etch process and by controlling the lithographic stack composition.
Chapter 8 – Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Children

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children (MBCT-C) is a group therapy for children ages 8 to 12 years who experience anxiety that is sufficient to interfere with their wellbeing or daily functioning. MBCT-C differs from the adult MBCT program in several ways. Sessions are shorter (90 minutes) and mindfulness exercises are practiced repeatedly in 3- to 5-minute blocks. Learning activities enhance mindful awareness by helping participants more fully experience internal and external environments via specific sensory modes (sight, sound, touch, taste, smell, and kinesthetics). Activities include sensory-based practices, seated breath meditations, mindful movement activities, body scans, visualization practices, and drawing or writing. Family involvement is facilitated through introduction and review sessions for parents and communication with parents about home practices. This chapter describes the MBCT-C program and empirical support for its efficacy. A case study illustrates how the treatment unfolds.