cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Cognitive Function in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus A Pilot Study

Objective. To investigate changes in brain activation patterns detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), and the relationship between FMRI activation patterns and results of formal neuropsychological testing, in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. Ten patients with childhood-onset SLE underwent formal neuropsychological testing and FMRI using 3 paradigms: a continuous performance task (CPT) to evaluate attention, an N-Back task to assess working memory, and verb generation to evaluate language processing. Composite Z maps were generated to summarize the brain activation patterns for each FMRI paradigm in patients with childhood-onset SLE and to compare these patterns with those observed in healthy controls. Between-group comparison Z maps showing differences in activation between childhood-onset SLE patients and controls were generated, using a significance level of P < 0.05 in a general linear model. Results. Compared with the control group, the childhood-onset SLE group showed statistically significant increased activation of brain areas involved in the CPT, N-Back, and verb generation tasks. In contrast, in the absence of active stimulus, e.g., during times of the paradigm control tasks, childhood-onset SLE patients consistently undersuppressed activity in the expected brain areas. Activation in selected cortical areas was found to correlate negatively with results of a subset of individual neuropsychological test scores. Conclusion. FMRI abnormalities are present in childhood-onset SLE, manifesting as an imbalance between active and inhibitory responses to an array of stimuli. Differences in brain activation patterns compared with those observed in controls suggest that childhood-onset SLE may be associated with abnormalities in white matter connectivity resulting in neuronal network dysfunction, rather than injury of specific gray matter areas.
Crystal-bearing lunar spherules: Impact melting of the Moon's crust and implications for the origin of meteoritic chondrules

— Crystal-bearing lunar spherules (CLSs) in lunar breccia (14313, 14315, 14318), soil (68001, 24105), and impact-melt rock (62295) samples can be classified into two types: feldspathic and olivine-rich. Feldspathic CLSs contain equant, tabular, or acicular plagioclase grains set in glass or a pyroxene-olivine mesostasis; the less common olivine-rich CLSs contain euhedral or skeletal olivine set in glass, or possess a barred-olivine texture. Bulk-chemical and mineral-chemical data strongly suggest that feldspathic CLSs formed by impact melting of mixtures of ferroan anorthosite and Mg-suite rocks that compose the feldspathic crust of the Moon. It is probable that olivine-rich CLSs also formed by impact melting, but some appear to have been derived from distinctively magnesian lunar materials, atypical of the Moon's crust. Some CLSs contain reversely-zoned “relic” plagioclase grains that were not entirely melted during CLS formation, thin (≤5 μm thick) rims of troilite or phosphate, and chemical gradients in glassy mesostases attributed to metasomatism in a volatile-rich (Na-K-P-rich) environment. Crystal-bearing lunar spherules were rimmed and metasomatized prior to brecciation. Compound CLS objects are also present; these formed by low-velocity collisions in an environment, probably an ejecta plume, that contained numerous melt droplets. Factors other than composition were responsible for producing the crystallinity of the CLSs. We agree with previous workers that relatively slow cooling rates and long ballistic travel times were critical features that enabled these impact-melt droplets to partially or completely crystallize in free-flight. Moreover, incomplete melting of precursor materials formed nucleation sites that aided subsequent crystallization. Clearly, CLSs do not resemble meteoritic chondrules in all ways. The two types of objects had different precursors and did not experience identical rimming processes, and vapor fractionation appears to have played a less important role in establishing the compositions of CLSs than of chondrules. However, the many detailed similarities between CLSs and chondrules indicate that it is more difficult to rule out an origin for some chondrules by impact melting than some have previously argued. Differences between CLSs, chondrules, and their host rocks possibly can be reconciled with an impact-melt origin for some chondrules when different precursors, the higher gravity of the Moon compared to chondrite parent bodies, and the likely presence of nebular gas during chondrule formation are taken into account.
An intelligent fiber sensor for smart structures

In this paper we present a fiber optic sensor that is designed for embedded applications and long term health monitoring of structures. The sensor design uses an induced phase discontinuity in the fiber Bragg grating to create a narrow pass-band within the reflection spectrum of the grating. The position of this narrow window within the Bragg spectrum is used to monitor the sensor's health. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented for this class of self-monitoring sensors. Related signal demodulation scheme is also discussed.
Spatial Language and Children’s Spatial Landmark Use

We examined how spatial language affected search behavior in a landmark spatial search task. In Experiment 1, two- to six-year-old children were trained to find a toy in the center of a square array of four identical landmarks. Children heard one of three spatial language cues once during the initial training trial (“here,” “in the middle,” “next to this one”). After search performance reached criterion, children received a probe test trial in which the landmark array was expanded. In Experiment 2, two- to four-year-old children participated in the search task and also completed a language comprehension task. Results revealed that children’s spatial language comprehension scores and spatial language cues heard during training trials were related to children’s performance in the search task.
Cooperative Sensing for Primary Detection in Cognitive Radio

One of the main requirements of cognitive radio systems is the ability to reliably detect the presence of licensed primary transmissions. Previous works on the problem of detection for cognitive radio have suggested the necessity of user cooperation in order to be able to detect at the low signal-to-noise ratios experienced in practical situations. We consider a system of cognitive radio users who cooperate with each other in trying to detect licensed transmissions. Assuming that the cooperating nodes use identical energy detectors, we model the received signals as correlated log-normal random variables and study the problem of fusing the decisions made by the individual nodes. We design a linear-quadratic (LQ) fusion strategy based on a deflection criterion for this problem, which takes into account the correlation between the nodes. Using simulations we show that when the observations at the sensors are correlated, the LQ detector significantly outperforms the counting rule, which is the fusion rule that is obtained by ignoring the correlation.
General acid-base catalysis in nucleobase amino proton exchange: cytidine.

Abstract A useful property of DMSO solvent has been exploited to reveal a new catalytic route for cytidine amino proton exchange, relevant to exchange in the macromolecular state, but hidden in aqueous solution. Additional exchange mechanisms in aqueous monomeric cytidine (and adenosine) are obscured by the formation of a fast-exchanging endocyclic-protonated intermediate, which dominates the kinetics. Endocyclic nucleobase protonation could be circumvented in the presence of buffer conjugate acid by the use of DMSO/water solvent, permitting the first unequivocal observation buffer acid-catalyzed exchange from the neutral, unprotonated nucleobase, i.e., general acid catalysis. Because buffer ionization is greatly reduced in DMSO through anion desolvation, nucleobase protonation is supressed m the presence of buffer acid. Evidence is presented to describe this catalytic route as one involving hydrogen bond formation between the buffer acid and the endocyclic protonation site, C(N-3). Since this same config...
The Willingness of Persons 60 or Over to Volunteer

This investigation examined persons 60 or over concerning their willingness to engage in volunteer activity. Volunteering was defined as contributing one's time without pay to non-profit organizations in the community. Of the 56 non-volunteers interviewed, a startling 59 percent expressed a willingness to volunteer and a main reason given for not volunteering was simply that no one has asked them. Older persons have historically underutilized and/or have been undersewed by the social service network in the community. Results of this and other investigations indicate that there is a significant group of older volunteers and potential volunteers waiting to be asked who can be used to bridge this service gap.
An ocean observatory sensor network application

We describe our implementation of a novel deep ocean sensor network, the MBARI Free Ocean CO 2 Enrichment (FOCE). FOCE is a system designed for installation in the deep ocean to enable manipulative experiments that explore the impact of deep ocean increase in CO 2 and resulting pH change on ocean biogeochemistry and ecology. This system uses control feedback and pH sensors to inject CO 2 into a small volume of seawater, thus creating a controlled environment per science requirements. To implement this system, we utilized the MBARI-developed network middleware known as “SIAM”, which provides a standardized interface to instruments on a sensor network. For the FOCE application we integrated Open Source DataTurbine (OSDT) into SIAM. OSDT provides asynchronous communication links between distributed components, and is particularly well-suited to streaming instrument data. Combined with the existing synchronous SIAM framework, these features enabled a straightforward and efficient architecture for our application. We describe how we achieved our goals of software reuse of infrastructure and instrument services, instrument-in-the-loop control, and rapid assembly of a scalable end-to-end sensor network system.
Datalog vs. first-order logic

The relation between the expressive power of datalog and that of first-order languages, is clarified. It is then proved that every first-order expressible datalog query is bounded. A form of compactness theorem for finite structure implied by this result is examined, and counterexamples to natural generalizations of the above result are given. >
G404(P) Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for the treatment for bladder overactivity in Paediatric patients resistant or intolerant to anti-cholinergic medication

Aims To describe our single centre experience of the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a form of neuromodulation for the treatment of bladder over activity (OAB) in children resistant or intolerant to anti-cholinergic therapy. Methods All patients over the age of 5 years with a diagnosis of OAB who were found to be anti-cholinergic intolerant or resistant (following treatment with ≥2 anti-cholinergic medications) were offered TENS therapy. All patients had been given a diagnosis of OAB following bladder clinic consultation, completed bladder diaries and assessment with 3 voids on the uroflow with post void ultrasound. All were individually shown how to use the TENS machine and were commenced on a 3 month program involving, daily 40-60 min therapy at home. Treatment diaries were given with review organised at the end of 3 months of treatment. Results 42 children received treatment between July 2012 and October 2013. 67% female. Median age 11 years (range 6–17 years). 90% were resistant to anti-cholinergic treatment, with 7 previously receiving intra-vesical botulinum toxin injection for OAB. Cure of symptoms was achieved in 21%, improvement in symptoms seen in 43%, 31% had no response, 1 did not commence therapy due to discomfort and 1 lost to follow up. 88% found the treatment acceptable, 2 patients described discomfort, 2 received shocks and 1 found treatment too time consuming. Conclusions TENS offers a well tolerated and effective treatment option for children with anti-cholinergic resistant/intolerant OAB. Large randomised studies are required to determine the population this treatment benefits the most and longer follow-up required to determine if improvement is sustained once treatment is discontinued.
Green polymer chemistry: Living oxidative polymerization of dithiols

Reduction sensitivity and mild synthetic conditions make disulfide-bonded materi- als ideal for degradable biomaterial applications. Both the degradation and the synthetic advantages of disulfide-bonded biomaterials have been applied to drug delivery vesicles, pro- tein conjugation, and hydrogel biomaterials, but the synthetic advantages are rarely seen in the creation of biopolymers. A greener and highly efficient oxidative system is presented for the polymerization dithiols to high-molecular-weight poly(disulfide) polymers. The applica- tion of this system to 2-(2-(2-sulfanylethoxy)ethoxy)ethanethiol (DODT) produced corre- sponding degradable poly(disulfide) polymers with molecular weights as high as M n = 250 000 g/mol and with a polydispersity index (PDI) as low as 1.15.
Ernst Weber: bridger of cultures

The accomplishments of Ernst Weber, who was born in 1901 in Vienna, are discussed. Weber earned doctorates in both physics and electrical engineering and worked as an engineer for Siemens-Schuckert before moving to the United States in 1930. For the next 27 years he taught and did research at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. There he built up an outstanding graduate program and made important contributions to microwave research. In 1957 he became President of Polytechnic, and in 1963 he served as the first president of the newly formed Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). After his retirement in 1969 from Polytechnic, he worked nine years for the National Research Council. Throughout his career Weber worked to build bridges between different cultures: between European electrical engineering and American electrical engineering, between industry and academia, between engineering and physics, and between the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers, when they merged to become the IEEE. >
Efficient query evaluation using a two-level retrieval process

We present an efficient query evaluation method based on a two level approach: at the first level, our method iterates in parallel over query term postings and identifies candidate documents using an approximate evaluation taking into account only partial information on term occurrences and no query independent factors; at the second level, promising candidates are fully evaluated and their exact scores are computed. The efficiency of the evaluation process can be improved significantly using dynamic pruning techniques with very little cost in effectiveness. The amount of pruning can be controlled by the user as a function of time allocated for query evaluation. Experimentally, using the TREC Web Track data, we have determined that our algorithm significantly reduces the total number of full evaluations by more than 90%, almost without any loss in precision or recall. At the heart of our approach there is an efficient implementation of a new Boolean construct called WAND or Weak AND that might be of independent interest.
Transient simulation of lossy interconnects using the Latency Insertion Method (LIM)

In this work an extension of the Latency Insertion Method (LIM) formulation to the treatment of networks with frequency-dependent parameters is discussed. It is shown that the algorithm can be transformed to allow efficient simulation of both skin effect of conductors as well as frequency dependent substrate loss in high speed circuit interconnects.
Bede the grammarian and the scope of grammatical studies in eighth-century Northumbria

The last works which Bede lists in the catalogue of writings at the end of the Historia Ecclesiastica are his grammatical treatises, and he groups them together, indicating a unity of genre or function:Librum de ofthographia alphabeti ordine distinctum.
Frequency hopping with multih CPM (MIL-STD-188-181B)

Multi-h CPM waveforms have been primarily used in satellite communications (MIL-STD-188-181B). In recent years, multih CPM has been getting more attention for use in a line of site (LOS) mode of operation. To improve the effectiveness of multi-h CPM waveforms in LOS, frequency hopping can be added to provide electronic counter-countermeasure capability for hostile environments and frequency diversity to combat multipath. This paper discusses some of the design aspects and a possible solution for a coherent frequency hopping multi-h CPM waveform that does not use pilot symbols. The performance of the hopping CPM 16k bps is expected to be approximately 6 dB better than fixed frequency 16 k FSK. The price for the improved capability is approximately twice the loading of existing multih CPM demodulation with a signal bandwidth of 35 kHz.
Thermal reorganization of α- and β-thujene : A degenerate rearrangement of the vinylcyclopropane type

Abstract α-Thujene (I) racemizes on being heated at 250°. By examination of deuterium-labelled α-thujene, the racemization was demonstrated to be a degenerate example of the vinylcyclopropane type of rearrangement. Thermal reorganization of β-thujene (IV) leads to two products (V and VI), the more rapidly formed of which (V) seems also to arise by a vinylcyclopropane type of rearrangement.
Adiponectin Levels and Genotype: A Potential Regulator of Life Span in Humans

Although caloric restriction in numerous models extends life, longevity in humans is suggested to be limited by the increased prevalence of obesity. Adiponectin, a fat-derived peptide, has a protective role against age-related disease, and thus is an excellent candidate gene for longevity. We studied adiponectin levels in centenarians (n = 118), their offspring (n = 228), and unrelated participants <95 (n = 78). Adiponectin levels were significantly greater in participants older than 95 years (p =.01), an effect that was independent of sex and body mass index (BMI). Adiponectin levels in the offspring were higher (following adjustment for age, sex, and BMI) compared to controls (p =.02), suggesting that inherited factors play a role in determining adiponectin levels. Over-representation of two common variants in Adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) in male long-lived individuals combined with their independent association with elevated plasma adiponectin levels (in men and women) suggests that their presence may promote increased life span through the regulation of adiponectin production and/or secretion.
SEQUENTIAL CELLULAR CHANGES PRODUCED BY TYPES 5 AND 7 ADENOVIRUSES IN HELA CELLS AND IN HUMAN AMNIOTIC CELLS : CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES AIDED BY FLUORESCEIN-LABELLED ANTIBODY

The sequential cytological changes which develop in tissue culture cells infected with adenovirus types 5 and 7 are described and compared with those produced by adenovirus types 1, 2, 3, and 4. The evidence that is presented indicates that types 1, 2, and 5 belong to one major subdivision of the adenovirus group and types 3, 4, and 7 to another. That the host cell nucleus is the principal site of adenovirus synthesis has been confirmed by fluorescent antibody studies. They have demonstrated the occurrence of type-specific adenovirus antigen in the characteristic intranuclear inclusions and other virus-induced structures reported to contain virus-like particles or shown by electronmicroscopy.
Natural Resource Availability and Social Change

Environmental sociology is founded on the assumption that the natural resource base of a society establishes the limits or constraints within which that society must operate. Thus, a change in the resource base on which a society depends will necessitate changes or adaptations within that society. This study attempts to empirically test these assumptions by looking at the effects of groundwater availability in the Great Plains of the United States from 1940 to 1980. Using a model derived from human ecology theory, it was found that irrigation development had major implications on nonmetropolitan counties during the time period studied. Irrigation development resulted in increased agricultural production, variations in the structure of farm enterprises, and in increased retention of both farm and nonfarm populations.
Electronic Band Structures of SiC Calculated from a Hybrid Pseudopotential and Tight-Binding Model

A hybrid pseudo-potential and tight-binding band model is used to extrapolate from β-SiC to the α-polytypes. Preliminary band structures, including band gaps, locations of the conduction band minimum Ec, and effective masses at Ec, have been calculated. Due to uncertainties in the extrapolation of pseudopotentials, these results have to be further analyzed. However, because of its computational efficiency and simplicity in interpretation, this hybrid method can effectively interact with experiments to provide a comprehensive study of band structures of SiC.
Cation-modulated reactivity of iridium hydride pincer-crown ether complexes.

Complexes of a new multidentate ligand combining a rigid, strongly donating pincer scaffold with a flexible, weakly donating aza-crown ether moiety are reported. The pincer-crown ether ligand exhibits tridentate, tetradentate, and pentadentate coordination modes. The coordination mode can be changed by Lewis base displacement of the chelating ethers, with binding equilibria dramatically altered through lithium and sodium cation–macrocycle interactions. Cation-promoted hydrogen activation was accomplished by an iridium monohydride cation ligated in a pentadentate fashion by the pincer-crown ether ligand. The rate can be controlled on the basis of the choice of cation (with lithium-containing reactions proceeding about 10 times faster than sodium-containing reactions) or on the basis of the concentration of the cation. Up to 250-fold rate enhancements in H/D exchange rates are observed when catalytic amounts of Li+ are added.
Functionalizable Amine-based Polymer Nanoparticles.

Surface functionalization of nanoparticles and host–guest properties of nanoassemblies are two critical features in the utilization of nanostructures in a variety of applications in materials, chemical, and biological nanotechnology. However, simultaneously incorporating these two features in one nanoparticle design is a rather challenging task. We have developed a simple and versatile nanoparticle platform that addresses this challenge. We have designed and characterized a polymer nanoparticle that provides the ability to encapsulate hydrophobic guest molecules and surface functionalization with a wide range of functional groups. In addition, we have also demonstrated a new and simple approach to tune the size of the nanoparticles.
The Unusual Mechanism of Partial Fermi Level Pinning at Metal–MoS2 Interfaces

Density functional theory calculations are performed to unravel the nature of the contact between metal electrodes and monolayer MoS2. Schottky barriers are shown to be present for a variety of metals with the work functions spanning over 4.2–6.1 eV. Except for the p-type Schottky contact with platinum, the Fermi levels in all of the studied metal–MoS2 complexes are situated above the midgap of MoS2. The mechanism of the Fermi level pinning at metal–MoS2 contact is shown to be unique for metal–2D-semiconductor interfaces, remarkably different from the well-known Bardeen pinning effect, metal-induced gap states, and defect/disorder induced gap states, which are applicable to traditional metal–semiconductor junctions. At metal–MoS2 interfaces, the Fermi level is partially pinned as a result of two interface behaviors: first by a metal work function modification by interface dipole formation due to the charge redistribution, and second by the production of gap states mainly of Mo d-orbitals character by the ...
245 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF APPARENT LIFE THREATENING EVENTS DIFFERS FROM THAT OF SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

Despite the seriousness of apparent life threatening events (ALTE), little is known about their epidemiology. The objective of this study was to derive a profile of 153 ALTE9s recruited into the Collaborative Home Infant Evaluation (CHIME) and to compare it with published risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). 127 (83%) of the infants presented with classical features of apnea with either or both color and muscle tone changes. 12/127 (9%) had in addition choking, gagging, or vomiting. Twenty-six (17%) of the infants did not have apnea but had either change in color or muscle tone and most had both. Of these, 7 had minimal stimulation comprising those with the least serious event. Interventions were classified as vigorous stimulation (50%), mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (13%), chest compression (4%); 18% had more than one. Infants were followed for a minimum of 1 week to a maximum of 76 weeks with a median of 15 weeks. None died during follow-up. In contrast to SIDS mothers, the ALTE mothers were neither young nor old. The majority of ALTE were first born. One third of the mothers smoked, in contrast to more than two thirds of SIDS mothers. Most ALTE9s occurred when the infants were 0-2 months old rather than 2-4 months as in SIDS. 34 (22%) of the infants were awake and 22 (14%) were in the supine sleeping position when the ALTE occurred. There was an excessive number of apnea and SIDS in family members of the ALTE group, not in siblings but in peripheral relatives. Preterm infants were over represented in both ALTE and SIDS. ALTE9s were different from SIDS in age of mother, maternal smoking, birth order, timing of the episode, number of infants awake, and incidence in siblings. Cases were recruited based on parental selection influenced by their impression of the seriousness of the attack. In conclusion, the ALTE profile differs significantly from that of SIDS and calls into question their relationship.
The role of protein kinase C in alpha-adrenergic regulation of NaCl(K) cotransport in human airway epithelial cells

alpha 1-Adrenergic (alpha 1-AR) agents stimulate NaCl(K) cotransport and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]-specific phospholipase C in human trachea and nasal polyp epithelial cells. One second messenger generated by PtdIns(4,5)P2 degradation is inositol trisphosphate. We now show that diglycerides (DG) are also generated during alpha 1-AR stimulation. In cells prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid, alpha 1-AR agents produced a biphasic DG generation in normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) cells that is blocked by pertussis toxin. The early DG peak closely paralleled PtdIns(4,5)P2 degradation, stimulation of cotransport by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and inhibition of cotransport by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine. This suggests that cotransporter activation requires PKC-protein phosphorylation. This possibility was tested using the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Okadaic acid elevated bumetanide-sensitive Cl efflux. Staurosporine also blocked > 63% of okadaic-acid-stimulated Cl transport. The late DG peak did not support hormone-stimulated cotransport. The results demonstrate that DGs are a pivotal link between alpha 1-AR stimulation and NaCl(K) cotransport activation with a role for PKC and protein phosphorylation. alpha 1-AR intracellular signaling mechanisms apparently operate normally in CF cells.
Frontline Account: Physician Partners: An Antidote to the Electronic Health Record.

The modern medical record was originally developed in the 1920s as a way for physicians to briefly document patients’ medical conditions and plans for treating them. It was a means of jogging the memory so that solo practitioners could care for thousands of patients and quickly get up to speed on the major issues affecting each. Records were handwritten, lacked a consistent method of organization, and were often illegible to others. As medicine became more complicated and physician groups were formed, it became increasingly important for others to be able to view records, and the structure of the medical note became more standardized. Over time, the medical record began to be used for other purposes, such as for insurers who required documentation to justify reimbursement rates. With the advent of the electronic health record (EHR), the reasons for use have expanded dramatically, including documenting and improving quality of care, scheduling, billing, research, rapid communication within the health system and between patients and physicians, and tracking when and how long physicians are working. In short, the EHR has taken control of physicians’ professional lives. In response, many physicians have become stressed and feel overburdened in practice. To cope with the additional work of documentation, physicians have changed how they interact with the patient, sitting at the keyboard, frequently with eyes on the screen rather than on the patient. They talk less and multitask more, searching for needed information in real time, further eroding the doctor–patient relationship. Some physicians have retired early rather than practice in the new EHR world. Others have off-loaded documentation and other administrative tasks to less highly trained personnel, such as scribes. In 2012, we first heard of these approaches and thought that they might be able to help relieve physician stress locally resulting from a push to see more patients and impending deployment of a new EHR. Accordingly, we built upon existing scribe programs to create the UCLA Physicians Partner program, with the intent of making the physician’s work easier, improving the quality of time spent with patients, and increasing efficiency.
A case of hypopyon uveitis nonresponsive to steroid therapy and a review of anterior segment masquerade syndromes in childhood

We report a case of hypopyon uveitis referred as inflammatory disease nonresponsive to corticosteroids. A detailed history revealed that the patient had been treated previously for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Anterior chamber tap was consistent with recurrence of ALL. A review of pseudouveitis in the pediatric population is also presented.
D3 Dopamine Receptor

The D3 dopamine receptor is activated by the catecholamine dopamine and is a member of the rhodopsin-like 7-transmembrane superfamily of receptors. D3 receptors belong to the D2-like dopamine receptor subfamily, which consists of the D2, D3 and D4 receptors. D3 receptors are found both post- and pre-synaptically in the nervous system and couple to heterotrimeric Gi/o proteins to inhibit adenylate cyclase and/or regulate calcium and potassium channel activity. The D3 receptor, along with the D4 receptor, is less abundant in comparison to the D2 receptor within this subfamily.
Control of Separation of Flow

This chapter presents the control of separation flow. The purpose of separation flow control is to raise the efficiency or to improve the performance of vehicles and fluid machineries involving many engineering applications. The chapter presents basic principles for control of separation with pertinent examples. The separation of flow may be controlled in two ways: (1) by prevention or delay of the onset of separation with elimination or decrease of separated regions and (2) by provoking localized separated flow by utilizing the characteristics of separated flow. As the two governing factors of flow separation are adverse pressure gradient and viscosity, the control of separation can be achieved by changing or maintaining the structure of viscous flow so that these two governing factors prevent or delay the separation. There are two methods of control, depending upon whether power is required or not required to achieve this goal.
Effects of Various Types of Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) Ad Appeals on Consumers' Visual Attention, Perceptions, and Purchase Intentions

ABSTRACTThe study examined whether various types of cause-related marketing (CRM) appeals (informational, emotional, or a combination of the two) influenced visual attention, as captured by eye fixation, and perceptions of the company and the ad, thus, leading to purchase intentions. The results suggest that a combined appeal generates more favorable responses to the ad. An eye-tracking experiment showed that an informational ad led to longer visual attention, and that visual attention was affected by the level of consumers' cause involvement. Visual attention had a negative impact on company credibility. Company credibility mediated the relationship between visual attention and CRM ad attitudes.
Early complications of biologic extracellular matrix patch after use for femoral artery repair

Abstract Background The CorMatrix (CorMatrix Cardiovascular, Roswell, Ga) biologic extracellular patch derived from porcine small intestinal mucosa provides a biologic scaffold for cellular ingrowth and eventual tissue regeneration. It has been used in a variety of applications, including cardiac and vascular repair procedures. Methods CorMatrix was used as a patch arterioplasty for femoral artery repair in conjunction with endarterectomy for seven separate procedures in six patients (one patient underwent staged, bilateral femoral procedures). Results Patients were a median age of 67 years (interquartile range, 3.6 years). Six of seven procedures (86%) were performed on male patients. There were no operative deaths. Three of seven procedures (43%) resulted in significant early complications. Two procedures (29%) resulted in catastrophic biologic extracellular matrix patch disruption (11 and 19 days after initial procedure), requiring emergency exploration, patch removal, and definitive repair with vein patch arterioplasty. Both patches demonstrated an absence of growth on culture. One procedure (14%) resulted in groin pseudoaneurysm formation. Use of the CorMatrix patch was suspended upon recognition of significant complications. Conclusions Use of CorMatrix patch in the femoral artery position demonstrates a high incidence of early postoperative complications, including catastrophic patch disruption and pseudoaneurysm formation.
Explorations into faculty attitudes and adoption of innovation: a case study of a proposed video–based teaching program

A case study was conducted at a major research university to explore faculty attitudes toward a proposed video–based continuing education program. The study sought to determine which faculty characteristics predicted favorability to the project, and how formative research techniques might be used as an information base with which to fine–tune program features, thus increasing faculty advocacy and diminishing objections.
Speaker similarity score based fast phoneme classification by using neighborhood components analysis

K-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier can learn non-linear decision surface and requires only one hyperparameter (i.e. value of “k”) for training. The classification accuracy improves as we increase the amount of training data. With an increase in the amount of training data, computational and memory requirements also increases as it has to store and search through the entire training data for classification of one test point. In this paper we investigate the computational and memory cost of speaker similarity score algorithm for phoneme classification by doing dimensionality reduction based on neighborhood components analysis. Our speaker similarity score algorithm uses k-NN for learning a speaker similarity score of a target speaker and uses this score for weighted k-NN phoneme classification. By using neighborhood components analysis we obtained a significant reduction in computational and memory requirements at the expense of a small phoneme classification performance loss. Experiments on TIMIT dataset shows 56% reduction in computational cost as we reduced the dimensions of our feature space from 50 to 22.
A Study of Nonlinear Reactor Dynamics

The question of nonlinear stability of stationary reactor systems is investigated by two methods. The first method is analytic and sets the theory of nonlinear stability on a firm mathematical basi...
Antimicrobial peptide-inspired NH125 analogues: bacterial and fungal biofilm-eradicating agents and rapid killers of MRSA persisters

During microbial infection, antimicrobial peptides are utilized by the immune response to rapidly eradicate microbial pathogens through the destruction of cellular membranes. Inspired by antimicrobial peptides, quaternary ammonium cationic (QAC) compounds have emerged as agents capable of destroying bacterial membranes leading to rapid bacterial death, including the eradication of persistent, surface-attached bacterial biofilms. NH125, an imidazolium cation with a sixteen membered fatty tail, was recently reported to eradicate persister cells and was our starting point for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Here, we describe the design, chemical synthesis and biological investigations of a collection of 30 diverse NH125 analogues which provided critical insights into structural features that are important for antimicrobial activities in this class. From these studies, multiple NH125 analogues were identified to possess potent antibacterial and antifungal activities, eradicate both bacterial and fungal biofilms and rapidly eradicate MRSA persister cells in stationary phase. NH125 analogues also demonstrated more rapid persister cell killing activities against MRSA when tested alongside a panel of diverse membrane-active agents, including BAC-16 and daptomycin. NH125 analogues could have a significant impact on persister- and biofilm-related problems in numerous biomedical applications.
Developmental expression of laminin beta 2 in rat retina. Further support for a role in rod morphogenesis.

Purpose. The authors previously hypothesized tha 02 (S-laminint laminin a) play rol iensdirecting photoreceptor development The aim. o thif s stud way s to examine th e temporaland spatial expression patter of 02n laminin isn rat retina to test this hypothesis.Methods. Retinas from Sprague-Dawley rats wer on embryonie harvestec dayd (Es) 14, 16,and 21, a wels l as on postnatal day (Ps) 2, 5, and 10 Cryosta. t sections were probed withantibodies directed agains 02t laminin, laminin-1 (al-/3l-yl), an Willebrand vond factor.Results. At the onse ot f rod photoreceptor birth (E14), 02 lamini surroundn ths e cell os fthe retinal pigmented epitheliu (RPEm) and presen is t on the apica l surfac oef the retina lneuroepithelium. At E16, laminin (52 persists on the apical surfac oef the neuroepitheliu mand the subjacent apical surfac oef the RPE. A t birth, laminin {32 fills th e matrix between thejuxtaposed surface os f the RPE and neuroepithelium; moreover, laminin (32 immunoreactivitypenetrates the neural retina. Throughout postnatal development, lamini 02n immunoreactiv-ity surrounds maturing inne andr oute r segments. Lamini 02 alsn o is found in associationwith blood vessel ins the neural retin itselfa , a wels l as with choroidal blood vessels in bot; hplaces, it is co-localized with an endothelial marker vo,n Willebrand factor an, d laminin-1.Conclusions. The spatial and temporal expressio onf laminin 02 is consistent with its hypothe-sized role in rod development. Laminin 02 is in a unique position to interact with mitoticallyactive cells (in early retinal development), uncommitted progenitors (in late embryonic devel-opment), developing (i rod earlns y postnatal development) and matur,e outer segments(throughout adulthood). Together wit ouhr earlier functional data, these data suppor our thypothesis that this molecul ise an important componen otf the interphotoreceptor matrix.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37:1651-1661.
Two new species of Darnini (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Colombia and Peru

Two new species of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Colombia and Peru are described. Cyphotes colombiensis sp. nov. and Hypheodana sakakibarai sp. nov. both belong in the tribe Darnini. New distribution records are provided for Cyphotes (from Colombia) and Hypheodana (from Peru).
On the stability in oscillations in a class of nonlinear feedback systems containing numerator dynamics

We analyze the stability of oscillations in a wide class of nonlinear control systems which have their linear part given by the transfer function G(s) = p(s)/q(s), where p and q are polynomials over the real numbers. The analysis employs the classical single-input sinusoidal describing function, elementary control theory, and the theory of integral manifolds. We demonstrate, by means of specific examples, how the present results can be used to obtain detailed information concerning the behavior of the solutions.
Cryptic natural hybridization between two species of Protea

Abstract Protea punctata and P. venusta are closely related, but morphologically distinct, species that naturally hybridize in the wild. Here we examined patterns of hybridization and cryptic introgression in seedlings grown from seeds collected at Blesberg Mountain in the Swartberg Mountain range. We used restriction site associated genotyping by sequencing (RAD-Seq) to identify 7185 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to characterize genetic identity. We found evidence for extensive introgression in seedlings within maternal families, more than can be explained by mating between pure parental species. We conclude that there is cryptic introgression between these two species and that morphological identification in the field underestimates the extent of hybridization in this system.
Descriptions of the Pain Experience in Adults and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis.

Abstract Background: People living with cystic fibrosis experience pain that is associated with decreased quality of life, poorer health outcomes, and increased mortality. Though pain is highly prevalent as a symptom, it is currently unknown how persons with CF describe their pain experiences or the ways those experiences impact their lives. Aims: To explore and describe ways adolescents and adults with CF experience pain. Design/Setting/Subjects/Methods: An exploratory descriptive design was implemented to perform interviews with 10 individuals with CF and self-reported moderate to severe pain. The interviews explored their pain experiences within five domains: Pain Characteristics, Activities, Relationships, Work/School Life, and Health Care Team. Transcribed interviews underwent a content analysis with team-based constant comparisons. Results: Individuals with CF identify the disease as being painful; express how pain negatively affects all aspects of their lives, including loss of functionality and productivity; and are able to disclose their pain to those with whom they have relationships. Adolescents feel an emotional toll from the loss of socialization as a result of pain and feel their health care team adequately supports their pain. Adults express a unique emotional pain component to CF and feel stigmatized and unsupported by their health care team when asking for pain management solutions. Conclusion: There are differences in how pain is perceived by adolescents and adults with CF that have otherwise not been reported in the current literature. Further explorations of pain across the lifespan and health care provider attitudes toward pain management are needed to guide the development of effective pain management interventions for those with CF.
Effect of dental monomers and initiators on Streptococcus mutans oral biofilms

Abstract Objective Resin-based composites are known to elute leachables that include unincorporated starting materials. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of common dental monomers and initiators on Streptococcus mutans biofilm metabolic activity and biomass. Methods S. mutans biofilms were inoculated in the presence of bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), camphorquinone (CQ), and ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (4E) at 0.01 μg/mL up to 500 μg/mL, depending on the aqueous solubility of each chemical. Biofilms were evaluated at 4 h and 24 h for pH (n = 3–8), biomass via crystal violet (n = 12), metabolic activity via tetrazolium salt (n = 12), and membrane permeability for selected concentrations via confocal microscopy (n = 6). Parametric and non-parametric statistics were applied. Results 500 μg/mL TEGDMA reduced 24 h metabolic activity but not biomass, similar to prior results with leachables from undercured BisGMA-TEGDMA polymers. 50 μg/mL BisGMA reduced biofilm biomass and activity, slightly delayed the pH drop, and decreased the number of cells with intact membranes. 100 μg/mL CQ delayed the pH drop and metabolic activity at 4 h but then significantly increased the 24 h metabolic activity. 4E had no effect up to 10 μg/mL. Significance Monomers and initiators that leach from resin composites affect oral bacterial biofilm growth in opposite ways. Leachables, which can be released for extended periods of time, have the potential to alter oral biofilm biomass and activity and should be considered in developing and evaluating new dental materials.
Kinetics of Surface-Mediated Fibrillization of Amyloid-β (12-28) Peptides.

Surfaces or interfaces are considered to be key factors in facilitating the formation of amyloid fibrils under physiological conditions. In this report, we study the kinetics of the surface-mediated fibrillization (SMF) of an amyloid-β fragment (Aβ12–28) on mica. We employ a spin-coating-based drying procedure to control the exposure time of the substrate to a low-concentration peptide solution and then monitor the fibril growth as a function of time via atomic force microscopy (AFM). The evolution of surface-mediated fibril growth is quantitatively characterized in terms of the length histogram of imaged fibrils and their surface concentration. A two-dimensional (2D) kinetic model is proposed to numerically simulate the length evolution of surface-mediated fibrils by assuming a diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) process along with size-dependent rate constants. We find that both monomer and fibril diffusion on the surface are required to obtain length histograms as a function of time that resemble those...
Reconsidering a "woman's issue:" psychotherapy and one man's postabortion experiences.

The issue of abortion typically has been categorized as a “women’s issue.” However, males whose partners choose to terminate a pregnancy are also affected by the abortion decision. This paper, usin...
Marx, Freud, Nietzsche

In France especially, these three venerable names stand for currents of influence so powerful that they functioned almost as contemporary in the collision of ideas and values that shaped the rise of postmodernism during the 1960s. It is impossible, for example, to understand the work of Lacan and Althusser or, for that matter, Deleuze and Derrida without a working understanding of these canonical nineteenth-century figures. A complete account of their work on its own terms is obviously impossible to convey in a single chapter—so the focus is very specifically on exactly what aspects of their legacy conditioned the thinking of the creators of French theory.
The Impact of Emerging Market Firms’ International Engagement on Product and Process Innovation

Emerging market firms are taking on an increasingly important role in the global economy, both through their internationalization and contributions to global innovation. However, our understanding ...