cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Tests of Equilibrium Predictions with Disequilibrium Data

We examine a common practice used within previous studies of laboratory markets, testing equilibrium models using some data from markets that have not reached an equilibrium. We examine the effect of this practice when it is applied to some laboratory markets where an appreciable number of them eventually satisfied an operational definition of an equilibrium. Our data suggest that, for our markets, significantly different equilibrium test results would be obtained when using all data available in market periods analysed in previous studies rather than using only equilibrium data. For our markets, choices made in disequilibrium are quite different from those in equilibrium. This paper is primarily concerned with examining one common practice used in previous studies of laboratory markets. This practice is testing equilibrium models using some data from markets that have not'reached an equilibrium. The data set used typically consists of all available laboratory data from the last period, an average of the last few periods, an average of all periods, or from the nth period for some fixed n. I know of no attempt, at least formally, to assure all data were from markets in equilibrium, markets where market choices have stabilized. Recently, some laboratory markets were run where an appreciable number of them eventually satisfied an operational definition of an equilibrium. Could the use of disequilibrium data significantly affect the results of tests we might make of some equilibrium models for these laboratory markets? This practice would be desirable if the disequilibrium data provided a useful estimate of the behaviour that would have been observed if an equilibrium had been obtained. On the other hand, if some disequilibrium behaviour is qualitatively different from the behaviour that would be observed in an equilibrium, this practice could produce misleading results. Within this paper, we examine the effect of this practice when it is used on our laboratory data.
The neurotoxin, MPP+, induces hyperphosphorylation of Tau, in the presence of alpha-Synuclein, in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized, in part, by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated filamentous aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein,Tau. Such hyperphosphorylatedTau is also found in Lewy bodies (LBs), and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in certain forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Further, LBs also contain aggregates of α-synuclein (α-Syn), also a microtubule-associated protein, which has been linked to the genesis of PD. To investigate a specific correlation betweenTau phosphorylation and α-Syn, we generated a SH-SY5Y cell line that stably expresses human wild type α-Syn. Protein expression levels in the stably transfected cell line (SHα-Syn) were within the physiological range of α-Syn expression found inSubstantia nigra. We show here, in the MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) cell model of parkinsonism, a time- and dose-dependent increase in the hyperphosphorylation ofTau at pSer396/404 (PHF-1-reactiveTau, p-Tau), concomitant with increased accumulation of α-Syn, upon treatment of cells with the neurotoxin. This increase in p-Tau was strictly dependent on the presence of α-Syn, since in transfected cells not expressing any α-Syn, MPP+ failed to induce an increase in PHF-1-reactiveTau. The production ofp- Tau caused increased cytotoxicity as indexed by reduced cell viability. Moreover, in the absence of α-Syn, the cells were more resistant to MPP+-induced cell death. The increased levels of both p-Tau and α-Syn led to diminished levels of these proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, which was accompanied by enhanced presence of the proteins in the cytoskeletal-free fractions. These data indicate that α-Syn and p-Tau modulate the pathogenicity of one another, suggesting a novel convergent mechanism of neurodegeneration.
Sedimentary trace element constraints on the role of North Atlantic Igneous Province volcanism in late Paleocene–early Eocene environmental change

Abstract A growing body of geologic evidence suggests that emplacement of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) played a major role in global warming during the early Paleogene as well as in the transient Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) event. A ∼5 million year record of major and trace element abundances spanning 56 to 51 Ma at Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 401 and 549 confirms that the majority of NAIP volcanism occurred as subaerial flows. Thus the trace element records provide constraints on the nature and scope of the environmental impact of the NAIP during the late Paleocene–early Eocene interval. Subaerial volcanism would have injected mantle CO2 directly into the atmosphere, resulting in a more immediate increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas abundances than CO2 input through submarine volcanism. The lack of significant hydrothermalism contradicts recently proposed mechanisms for thermally destabilizing methane hydrate reservoirs during the PETM. Any connection between NAIP volcanism and PETM warming had to occur through the atmosphere.
Imagining the World through Refugee Discourse

States and Strangers: Refugees and Displacements of Statecraft, Nevzat Soguk (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999). 328 pp.. cloth (ISBN: 0-81663-166-2). $62.95: paper (ISBN: 0-8166-3167-0), $25.95. Book reviewed: Soguk, Nevzat States and Strangers: Refugees and Displacements of Statecraft
Cyclooxygenase inhibition reveals synergistic action of vasoconstrictors on mesangial cell growth.

Abstract Since endogenous vasoconstrictors promote mesangial cell growth and increase the biosynthesis of antiproliferative prostaglandins, the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on mesangial cell proliferation should be strongly dependent on the prevailing levels of neuroendocrine vasoconstrictors. We compared the effects of indomethacin (10−6 M), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on [ 3 H ]thymidine incorporation by cultured rat mesangial cells in the presence of various combinations of angiotensin II (10−10 M), [Arg8]vasopressin (10−11 M), (−)-norepinephrine (10−8 M) and endothelin-1 (10−11 M). Indomethacin did not enhance [ 3 H ]thymidine incorporation in cells treated with each individual vasoconstrictor, or in cells treated with two-way combinations with the exception of modestly increased [ 3 H ]thymidine incorporation in cells treated with angiotensin II+(−)-norepinephrine or [Arg8]vasopressin+(−)-norepinephrine. In contrast, in cells treated with any three-way or the four-way combination, indomethacin markedly increased [ 3 H ]thymidine incorporation. Importantly, a highly significant interaction (P
Information fusion via isocortex-based Area 37 modeling

A simplified model of information processing in the brain can be constructed using primary sensory input from two modalities (auditory and visual) and recurrent connections to the limbic subsystem. Information fusion would then occur in Area 37 of the temporal cortex. The creation of meta concepts from the low order primary inputs is managed by models of isocortex processing. Isocortex algorithms are used to model parietal (auditory), occipital (visual), temporal (polymodal fusion) cortex and the limbic system. Each of these four modules is constructed out of five cortical stacks in which each stack consists of three vertically oriented six layer isocortex models. The input to output training of each cortical model uses the OCOS (on center - off surround) and FFP (folded feedback pathway) circuitry of (Grossberg, 1) which is inherently a recurrent network type of learning characterized by the identification of perceptual groups. Models of this sort are thus closely related to cognitive models as it is difficult to divorce the sensory processing subsystems from the higher level processing in the associative cortex. The overall software architecture presented is biologically based and is presented as a potential architectural prototype for the development of novel sensory fusion strategies. The algorithms are motivated to some degree by specific data from projects on musical composition and autonomous fine art painting programs, but only in the sense that these projects use two specific types of auditory and visual cortex data. Hence, the architectures are presented for an artificial information processing system which utilizes two disparate sensory sources. The exact nature of the two primary sensory input streams is irrelevant.
Osteostixis for incomplete cortical fracture of the third metacarpal bone. Results in 11 horses

Eleven horses with acute or chronic incomplete cortical fractures of the left or right third metacarpal bone (McIII) were treated with surgical puncture (osteostixis). The fractures were diagnosed by physical examination and radiography. Four to eight holes, 2.7 or 3.5 mm in diameter, were drilled in the fractured bone. Radiographically, the fractures were healed by month 3, and the drill holes were inapparent by month 7. Nine horses (82%) returned to race competition, and two horses were retired, one the result of a surgical complication. The mean time between surgery and the first race was 9.4 months. None of the bones refractured within 24 months of surgery. Osteostixis was not technically difficult and a second operation for implant removal was not necessary.
Euthanasia and assisted suicide: issues for social work practice.

Abstract Whether or not the practices of euthanasia and assisted suicide are viable as societal options presents a challenging dilemma for social workers in health care settings. Social workers should prepare to discuss possible requests for information about these practices in the context of patient and family decision making in end-of-life situations. Along with awareness of definitions, current debate, federal, state, professional policies, other health care professionals' attitudes and practices, social workers must examine their own values, attitudes, and practices in this highly controversial area so that the profession may continue to enhance quality of life and protect vulnerable populations, such as the elderly.
Two-way traffic on the bridge from innate to adaptive immunity.

Conventional wisdom suggests that information is usually transmitted from the dendritic cell (DC) to the T cell. In this issue, Schwarz and Schwarz demonstrate that UV-induced T regulatory cells (Tregs) can influence the biology of nave DC. They report that IL-10-secreting Tregs prime DC to activate additional Tregs when injected into nave mice. It may be possible to use DCs that have been “educated” by Tregs to induce immune tolerance in vivo.
Large aperture quadrupoles for RHIC interaction regions

The ultimate luminosity performance of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) depends on the field quality in the large aperture (130 mm) superconducting quadrupoles in the interaction regions. In this paper we discuss the design features that are incorporated to obtain a good field quality. Coil midplane gap and pole shims may be adjusted to remove certain field harmonics due to systematic errors in construction. Iron tuning shims will be inserted at eight strategic locations in the assembled magnets to correct the measured values of harmonics in each magnet. The performance of two prototype magnets and upgrades under consideration will be discussed. >
Dynamic binding of Ku80, Ku70 and NF90 to the IL-2 promoter in vivo in activated T-cells

IL-2 gene expression in activated T-cells is initiated by chromatin remodeling at the IL-2 proximal promoter and conversion of a transcriptional repressor into a potent transcriptional activator. A purine-box regulator complex was purified from activated Jurkat T-cell nuclei based on sequence-specific DNA binding to the antigen receptor response element (ARRE)/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT) target DNA sequence in the proximal IL-2 promoter. ARRE DNA-binding subunits were identified as NF90, NF45 and systemic lupus erythematosis autoantigens, Ku80 and Ku70. Monoclonal antibodies to Ku80, Ku70 and NF90 specifically inhibit constitutive and inducible ARRE DNA-binding activity in Jurkat T-cells. Ku80, Ku70 and NF90 bind specifically to the IL-2 gene promoter in vivo, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Activation of Jurkat T-cells and mouse primary spleen cells induces binding of Ku80 and NF90 to the IL-2 promoter in vivo, and decreases binding of Ku70 to the IL-2 promoter in vivo, and these dynamic changes are inhibited by immunosuppressants cyclosporin A and triptolide. Dynamic changes in binding of Ku80, Ku70 and NF90 to the IL-2 proximal promoter in vivo correlate with chromatin remodeling and transcriptional initiation in activated T-cells.
Lentivirus-mediated superoxide dismutase1 gene delivery protects against oxidative stress-induced liver injury in mice

Background: The exposure of liver to hepatotoxins, and their subsequent metabolism, results in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the major culprits in causing both acute liver cell injury and chronic liver diseases. The aim of this present study is to investigate the protective effects of lentiviral vector-mediated copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (LV-SOD1) gene transfer against ROS-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells and liver injury in mice. Methods: In vitro SOD1 efficacy was tested against two ROS-generating systems: hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) and hydroxyethyl radicals (HER), whereas in vivo SOD1 efficacy was evaluated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. Results: LV-SOD1 transduction in Hep G2 cells resulted in a significant increase in SOD activity in cell lysates, and it significantly decreased the toxicity induced by HX/XO and HER. High SOD1 expression in the liver was achieved via portal vein injection of LV-SOD1 in mice and these high levels were observed for 30 days, the length of the experiment to date. SOD1 overexpression significantly decreased the toxicity and restored liver function in the CCl4-treated mice. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate for the first time that LV transduction led to the long-term expression of fully functional transgene expression in both in vitro and in vivo systems.
Characterising knee motion and laxity in a testing machine for application to total knee evaluation

The goal of this study was to determine knee motions in specimens under combined input forces over a full range of flexion, so that the various flexion angles and loading combinations encountered in functional conditions would be contained. The purpose was that the data would act as a benchmark for the evaluation of TKR designs using the same testing methodology. We measured the neutral path of motion and laxity about the neutral path. The femur was flexed in a continuous movement, rather than at discrete flexion angles, using optical tracking. The motion of the femoral circular axis relative to the tibia was determined, as well as the contact patches on the tibial surfaces. The neutral path of motion was independent of compressive load, and consisted of a relatively constant medial contact and steady posterior displacement laterally, in agreement with previous studies. The anterior-posterior laxities of the lateral and medial condyles were similar whether AP forces or torques were applied. The lateral laxity was predominantly anterior with respect to the neutral path, while on the medial side, the laxity was less than lateral and predominantly posterior of the neutral path. Contact on the anterior surface of the medial tibial plateau only occurred in some cases in 5° hyperextension and at 0° flex when an anterior femoral shear or an external femoral torque were applied. The method can be regarded as a development of the ASTM constraint standard, with the addition of the benchmark, for the evaluation of total knee designs.
An energy-efficient multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detector architecture

In this paper, a novel low complexity energy efficient recon-figurable reduced dimension maximum likelihood (RRDML) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detector is proposed. RRDML is based on RDML [1], in which maximum likelihood (ML) is applied to detect a sub-dimension of the received vector and linear detection is used for the remaining dimension. The channel condition number is employed to configure RRDML. For a 4×4 MIMO system with 16-QAM modulation over a Rayleigh fading channel, Verilog simulation in a commercial 45nm, 1.2V CMOS process show that RRDML achieves up to 62.3% power savings with a BER loss at most 3.7% compared to ML based receivers.
Development of low blood glucose readings in nine non-diabetic patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors: a case series

Treatment with various biological agents in disease states such as rheumatoid arthritis has been associated with multiple side effects. Whereas many of these are frequently reported in the literature, hypoglycemia, a possible side effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, may be underpublicized. We report nine cases of non-diabetic Caucasian women who were between 29 and 68 years of age and who developed low glucose readings after treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. We provide a more detailed discussion of existing evidence of the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pathogenesis of inflammation and its impact on glycemic equilibrium. Physicians using tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in the treatment of various rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases should be aware of the potential for the development of glycemic disturbance in these patients. A further role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in the glycemic equilibrium warrants larger controlled trials in patients with and those without a history of diabetes.
How does one become spiritual? The Spiritual Modeling Inventory of Life Environments (SMILE)

We report the theoretical background, psychometric properties, and correlates of the Spiritual Modeling Inventory of Life Environments (SMILE), a measure of perceptions of spiritual models, defined as everyday and prominent people who have functioned for respondents as exemplars of spiritual qualities, such as compassion, self-control, or faith. Demographic, spiritual, and personality correlates were examined in an ethnically diverse sample of college students from California, Connecticut, and Tennessee (N = 1010). A summary measure of model influence was constructed from perceived models within family, school, and religious organization, and among prominent individuals from both tradition and media. The SMILE, based on concepts from Bandura's (1986) Social Cognitive Theory, was well-received by respondents. The summary measure demonstrated good 7-week test–retest reliability (r = 0.83); patterns of correlation supporting convergent, divergent, and criterion-related validity; demographic differences in ex...
Sinewave Analysis/Synthesis Based on the Fan-Chirp Tranform

There have been numerous recent strides at making sinewave analysis consistent with time-varying sinewave models [1][2][3]. This is particularly important in high-frequency speech regions where harmonic frequency modulation (FM) can be significant. One notable approach is through the Fan Chirp transform that provides a set of FM-sinewave basis functions consistent with harmonic FM [3]. In this paper, we develop a complete sinewave analysis/synthesis system using the Fan Chirp transform. With this system we are able to obtain more accurate sinewave frequencies and phases, thus creating more accurate frequency tracks, in contrast to a system derived from the short-time Fourier transform, particularly for high-frequency regions of large-bandwidth analysis. With synthesis, we show an improvement in segmental signal-to-noise ratio with respect to waveform matching with the largest gains during rapid pitch dynamics.
Normal freezing of eutectic forming organic mixtures

Normal freezing of several organic systems exhibiting simple eutectic behavior has been studied experimentally, and the occurrence of constitutional subcooling has been clearly established. This phenomenon, previously observed in systems of metallurgical interest, results in the instability of a planar solid-liquid interface and leads to solute trapping. This trapping mechanism quantitatively explains why eutectic forming systems exhibit solid phase concentration profiles identical to those expected of systems which form solid solutions. The onset of constitutional subcooling can be correlated and reliably predicted by theoretical equations. Although the process of normal freezing with no liquid phase agitation would appear to be well described by a diffusion model, free convection induced by concentration gradients renders a boundary-layer model more appropriate when the liquid density of the solvent exceeds that of the solute and freezing is in an upward direction.
Potassium-Argon Dating of Holocene Basalts of the Honolulu Volcanic Series

The potassium-argon method of geo-chronometry has been modified to enable the dating of young, normal volcanic rocks. It has been applied to the dating of the posterosional volcanics of the Honolulu Series, which include such well-known Hawaiian landmarks as Diamond Head and Punchbowl. Ages vary from about 30,000 yrs for the Koko rift zone lavas to about 800,000 yrs for the oldest member measured (Castle flow).
The Entolomataceae of the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana I: four new species of Entoloma s. str.

This paper constitutes the first documented accounts of Entolomataceae taxa (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Guyana. Entoloma olivaceocoloratum, Entoloma rugosostriatum, Entoloma fragilum and Entoloma illinita are described as new species from the Pakaraima Mountains, occurring in rainforests dominated by ectomycorrhizal Dicymbe and Aldina spp. Macromorphological, micromorphological and habitat data are provided for the new species.
Relationships between plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in the rat after dietary electrolyte changes.

The relationships between plasma rennin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone were evaluated in rats maintained on altered dietary sodium or potassium intake for 6 weeks. A bivariate method of analysis was utilized to determine the correlations between these two dependent variables in the presence and absence of anesthesia for blood collection. Sodium restriction had a direct stimulatory effect on both renin and aldosterone, and a high sodium diet had the opposite effect. A significant positive correlation was observed between PRA and plasma aldosterone with variations in dietary sodium intake either in the presence (r = 0.79, P < 0.001) or absence (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) of anesthesia for blood collection. With variations in dietary sodium intake, linear changes in PRA were accompanied by logarithmic changes in plasma aldosterone. Varying potassium intake caused a negative correlation between PRA and aldosterone. High potassium intake was accompanied by significant suppression of PRA and marked stimulation...
Consumer perceptions of dental care in the health services program of an educational institution

As part of a quality assessment program, 115 of the students who used a university dental service during the first six months of full operation were surveyed to determine opinion on several aspects of the clinic including the performance of the practitioners and staff.
Television Viewing Is Associated With Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Hispanic Elders

OBJECTIVE —We examined associations between television viewing and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among a representative sample of Caribbean-origin Hispanic elders living in Massachusetts. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 350 Puerto Rican and 105 Dominican elders (≥60 years). Information on television viewing hours was collected by a questionnaire. The metabolic syndrome was defined by using the definition from the National Cholesterol Education Program. RESULTS —Prevalences for the metabolic syndrome were 50.1 and 56.9% among Puerto Ricans and Dominicans, respectively. Of the subjects, 82.6% had high blood pressure and 61.4% had high fasting glucose. Prevalence of the syndrome was significantly associated with television viewing. Each additional hour of television viewing was associated with a 19% greater likelihood of having the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, P for trend 0.002), after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, education, alcohol use, smoking, household arrangement, physical activity, intake of energy and fat, and activities-of-daily-living score. We did not observe significant interactions of television viewing with sex, smoking status, alcohol use, or BMI ( P for interaction >0.15 for all) in relation to presence of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS —A high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a representative sample of Caribbean-origin Hispanic elders was associated with prolonged television viewing, independent of physical activity and energy intake. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causality of this relationship.
Polarization measurements in high-energy deuteron photodisintegration

We present measurements of the recoil proton polarization for the d(γ,p)n reaction at θ_(c.m.) = 90° for photon energies up to 2.4 GeV. These are the first data in this reaction for polarization transfer with circularly polarized photons. The induced polarization p_y vanishes above 1 GeV, contrary to meson-baryon model expectations, in which resonances lead to large polarizations. However, the polarization transfer C_x does not vanish above 1 GeV, inconsistent with hadron helicity conservation. Thus, we show that the scaling behavior observed in the d(γ,p)n cross sections is not a result of perturbative QCD. These data should provide important tests of new nonperturbative calculations in the intermediate energy regime.
Adjusting for the Healthy Worker Selection Effect in Cross-Sectional Studies

BACKGROUND: In a cross-sectional study of musculoskeletal disorders, women employed in highly repetitive manual work (garment assembly) were found to have approximately double the risk observed in a population with more varied tasks (hospital work). It was suspected that this estimate might be biased if garment workers with musculoskeletal pain were more likely than others to leave employment. METHODS: Retrospective information on date of first onset of symptoms and years employed to date of pain onset, or to survey date (whichever was earlier), was used to calculate age and calendar period-specific rates of onset, conditional on remaining employed until the survey. RESULTS: These rates, and the relative risk for garment work, increased over the 20-year period preceding the year of the survey. The trend was not explained by age or length of employment, or by any known changes in work demands that might have caused a true increase in incidence density. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of longitudinal cohort data, alternative explanations for these results cannot be excluded. However, with specified assumptions, the most plausible appears to be a healthy worker selection effect acting differentially between high and low exposure groups. This effect would have caused the smallest bias in the prevalence in the year immediately before the survey, and a better estimate of the true relative risk would be approximately five. Where date of onset has been obtained, this method may be used in other cross-sectional studies to estimate and reduce the magnitude of selection bias in a survivor population, if longitudinal data cannot be collected. Language: en
Transition from locked to creeping subduction in the Shumagin region, Alaska

[1] GPS velocities from the Alaska Peninsula are modeled to determine the extent of locking on the Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface. The observations, which span from the Semidi Islands to Sanak Island, encompass the 1938, Mw 8.3, rupture zone and the transition into the Shumagin gap. Model parameters are optimized using a simulated annealing method. Coupling variation along strike of the plate interface show a nearly fully locked (90%) subduction zone at the Semidi Islands, decreasing to about 30% locked at the Shumagin Islands, and freely slipping to the west of the Shumagins. Independent rupture of the Shumagin segment could produce repeated Mw 7.6 earthquakes, unless a significant fraction of the slip on the interface occurs as afterslip following large earthquakes. Southwest directed velocities at most of the sites may be attributed to clockwise rotation of a Bering block.
Villus contraction aids repair of intestinal epithelium after injury.

A highly reproducible in vitro model of intestinal epithelial injury in guinea pig ileum was used to study the structural and functional events that accompany rapid epithelial repair. This model is...
FPGA implementation of a FIR filter using residue arithmetic

Technological advances in VLSI have resulted in more dense and higher speed Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), enabling them to be used in a variety of applications. Residue Arithmetic due to its inherent parallelism is ideally suited for implementing digital filters. This paper describes an efficient implementation of a fourth order Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter combining the advantages of residue arithmetic and FPGAs. The coefficients and input data word width are 12 bits and the coefficients are fully programmable.
Intrapersonal Characteristics and the Timing of Divorce: A Prospective Investigation

Data from two longitudinal studies (Normative Aging Study and Terman Life Cycle Study) were used to investigate the intrapersonal predictors of earlier and later divorce. Initially married individuals were classified as having not divorced, divorced before 20 years of marriage, or divorced after 20 or more years of marriage. Individuals rated as more disagreeable (angry, vain/egotistical, lacking sympathy/tenderness) and more impulsive (lacking conscientiousness and perseverance) were at higher risk for earlier than later divorce. Although individuals rated higher on neuroticism were more likely to divorce, certain aspects of neuroticism (feelings of inadequacy and sensitivity) were not associated with the timing of divorce. Results indicate that intrapersonal characteristics that are associated with divorces occurring relatively early in marriages are not necessarily predictive of divorces occurring in marriages of longer duration.
Tripartite Motif (TRIM) 12c, a Mouse Homolog of TRIM5, Is a Ubiquitin Ligase That Stimulates Type I IFN and NF-κB Pathways along with TNFR-Associated Factor 6

Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein TRIM5 of the primate species restricts replication of HIV and other retroviruses. Whereas primates have a single TRIM5 gene, the corresponding locus in the mouse has expanded during evolution, now containing more than eight related genes. Owing to the complexity of the genomic organization, a mouse homolog of TRIM5 has not been fully studied thus far. In the present study, we report that Trim12c (formerly Trim12-2) encodes a TRIM5-like protein with a ubiquitin ligase activity. Similar to the primate TRIM5, TRIM12c is expressed in the cytoplasm as a punctate structure and induced upon IFN and pathogen stimulation in macrophages and dendritic cells. We show that TRIM12c interacts with TRAF6, a key protein in the pathogen recognition receptor signaling, and reciprocally enhances their ubiquitination, leading to cooperative activation of IFN and NF-κB pathways. This study identifies TRIM12c as a mouse TRIM5 equivalent, critical for host innate immunity.
Estradiol Elicits Proapoptotic and Antiproliferative Effects in Human Trophoblast Cells

During the first trimester of pregnancy, appropriate regulation of estradiol (E2) is essential for normal placental development. Previous studies demonstrate that premature elevation in E2 concentrations can lead to abnormal placentation, but have not fully elaborated the mechanism of this effect in the first-trimester trophoblast. Our aim was to determine whether E2 elicits trophoblast cell death or inhibits proliferation. The first-trimester human cytotrophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo was cultured in phenol red-free medium containing charcoal-stripped serum and treated with 17beta-E2 at concentrations between 0 and 100 nM. TUNEL and invasion assays indicated that E2 significantly increased cell death and reduced cell invasion at 10 nM, and nuclear Ki67 expression revealed that it decreased cell proliferation at 1 nM. A similar effect on cell death was observed in first-trimester placental explants. The E2 antagonist fulvestrant blocked all effects of E2. Immunohistochemistry showed that protein expression of proapoptotic caspases 3, 8, and 9 increased at E2 concentrations of 25 nM and greater, whereas expression of antiapoptotic BCL2-alpha decreased at E2 concentrations of 10 nM and greater. Additionally, treatments with estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-specific and ERbeta-specific agonists at concentrations between 0 and 1000 nM indicated that only ERalpha mediates E2's effects, although immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting showed that HTR-8/SVneo cells and placental explants express both ERalpha and ERbeta. Taken together, these findings reveal the interplay between elevated serum E2 and apoptosis in the first trimester of pregnancy. These factors could be associated with pregnancy complications including infertility and uteroplacental insufficiency.
Staphylococcus Aureus Peritoneal Catheter-Related Infections: A Cause of Catheter Loss and Peritonitis:

To determine the impact of Staphylococcus aureus catheter-related infections in a peritoneal dialysis program we reviewed all S. aureus catheter-related infections in our program over a six-year pe...
Is a ‘Complex’ Task Really Complex? Validating the Assumption of Cognitive Task Complexity

In research on task-based learning and teaching, it has traditionally been assumed that differing degrees of cognitive task complexity can be inferred through task design and/or observations of differing qualities in linguistic production elicited by second language (L2) communication tasks. Without validating this assumption, however, it is unclear at best whether the designed or inferred difference in complexity, the key independent variable, is realized as intended. Accordingly, this study adopted diverse methods from cognitive psychology for independently measuring cognitive task complexity, including: dual-task methodology, time estimation, and self-rating. Fifty-three English-L2 speakers in Japan, representing distinct proficiency levels, narrated 4 picture sequences, each containing differing numbers of characters. While performing the primary story-telling task, participants simultaneously completed a secondary task of reacting to a color change. After each story-telling, they also estimated their time-on-task and rated their perceptions of task difficulty and mental effort. Results revealed that only large differences in the task design feature (i.e., number of elements) were detectable in terms of independent measures of cognitive complexity. This finding underscores the importance of validating the assumptions about the relationship between task design and its putative effects on cognitive complexity. Findings also indicated a potential interaction among proficiency, task designs, and measures of cognitive load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Life History and Laboratory Rearing of Nepa apiculata (Heteroptera: Nepidae), with Descriptions of Immature Stages

The life history of Nepa apiculata Uhler was studied in southern Illinois, and immature stages were described. The bug was reared from egg to adult in the laboratory. Adults of this univoltine species overwintered under the water in mud and detritus near the shoreline and became active in late March. The few eggs found were deposited singly in mud away from the shoreline between early May and mid-June. First instars appeared in mid-May, after which there was marked overlapping of the three subsequent instars. This insect is one of only a few heteropterans with four instars. Active adults were last observed during mid-October. Individuals were reared on Chaoborus americanus (Johannsen) larvae under a 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod at 26.7± 1.5°C. The incubation period averaged 14.1 d. Durations of the four subsequent stadia averaged 9.1, 8.8, 10.5, and 17.3 d respectively. Total developmental time averaged 59.8 d.
Proactive and Reactive Management of Non-Weather Capacity Disruption Events in the National Airspace System: A Flow Modeling and Design Approach

A primary function of air traffic flow management is to strategically shape traffic demand to match capacities (e.g., airport arrival/departure rate limits and Sector capacities), without imposing excessive delay. In the current United States National Airspace System (NAS), the disruptions modulating capacities and hence traffic management are predominantly weather events, including convection, winter weather, and high winds. However, during the next 15 years and beyond, it is likely that the air traffic system will be increasingly subject to man-made disruptions that impact traffic management, including 1) a growing frequency of cyberand physical-world security incidents, 2) commercial space operations, and 3) integration of high-altitude unmanned aircraft. Disruptions of these types have already begun to impact traffic control and management: for instance, the insider attack on the Chicago Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZAU) communication equipment during October 2014, and several recent commercial space launches and UAS-integration test scenarios. To date, such non-weather disruptions have had relatively contained and limited impact on air traffic system operations, but they will undoubtedly incur greater impact and cost in the near future as the airspace system becomes increasingly heterogeneous and cyberenabled. In consequence, paradigms for traffic management that account for non-weather disruptions will be needed in the near future.
Passive control of flow separation over delta wings at high angle-of-attack

The effect of aft-swept and forward-swept canards on the flowfield over a close-coupled canard-wing-body configuration at a 20 degree incidence angle is investigated in two low-speed wind tunnels over a Reynolds number range of 0.25 to 1 million. Laser sheet and oil flow visualization are used to observe the vortical flow and surface flow patterns. Surface pressure distributions are determined by means of pressure sensitive paint. Turbulent flow calculations are performed for the canard-off and for the aft-swept canardwing configurations, using the OVERFLOW NavierStokes solver. Both experiments and computations show that close-coupled canards delay the vortex breakdown over the wing. The computed pressure distributions are in good agreement with the pressure sensitive paint measurements from the apex of the wing to about 60% chord, but they start to deviate further downstream.
Health of Older Adults in Assisted Living and Implications for Preventive Care

Purpose of the Study Older adults in residential care and assisted living (RC/AL) are less healthy than the general elderly population, and some have needs similar to those in nursing homes, making this an important group in which to assess potential overuse or underuse of preventive services. We determined the health status of RC/AL residents and distinguished characteristics between those who may and may not benefit from preventive services requiring a life expectancy ≥5 years. Design and Methods Cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of RC/AL residents using 2010 data from the National Survey of Residential Care Facilities. The primary outcome was the weighted frequency distribution of health states using three predictive mortality indices: Charlson Comorbidity Index, 4-year mortality index, and 9-year mortality index. Results A total of 666,700 of 733,300 (weighted) residents met criteria for inclusion. Based on the three indices, 10%-15% were in good health, 11%-70% in intermediate health, and 20%-76% in poor health. Implications Using triangulation between 3 well-validated mortality indices, 10%-15% of RC/AL residents are in good health and highly likely to benefit from preventive services that require ≥5 year life expectancy. In addition, many residents have uncertain benefit and would benefit from shared decision making.
Functional MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors in mammals.

Melatonin, dubbed the hormone of darkness, is known to regulate a wide variety of physiological processes in mammals. This review describes well-defined functional responses mediated through activation of high-affinity MT1 and MT2 proteinteoupled receptors viewed as potential targets for drug discovery. MT1 melatonin receptors modulate neuronal firing, arterial vasoconstriction, cell proliferation in cancer cells, and reproductive and metabolic functions. Ativation of MT2 melatonin receptors phase shift circadian rhythms of neuronal firing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, inhibit dopamine release in retina, induce vasodilation and inhibition of leukocyte rolling in arterial beds, and enhance immune responses. The melatonin-mediated responses elicited by activation of MT1 and MT2 native melatonin receptors are dependent on circadian time, duration and mode of exposure to endogenous or exogenous melatonin, and functional receptor sensitivity. Together, these studies underscore the importance of carefully linking each melatonin receptor type to specific functional responses in target tissues to facilitate the design and development of novel therapeutic agent.
The Holocaust as Genre

When I began exploring how films have grappled with the Holocaust in 1979, there were merely a few dozen titles to warrant attention. As the daughter of Jewish Holocaust survivors, I wanted to bring relatively unknown foreign films to attention, and to assess how American movies had dealt with the legacy of World War II. The word “Holocaust” was just coming into common usage, thanks to the NBC miniseries of 1978. It never occurred to me that, by the year 2001, films about the Nazi era and its Jewish victims would be so numerous as to constitute a veritable genre – including consistent Oscar winners – nor did I foresee how this genre would be part of a wider cultural embracing of the Shoah. But twenty-two years later, the number of cinematic reconstructions – fictional as well as documentary – is staggering. They both reflect and contribute to the fact that awareness has replaced silence about the Shoah. Immediately following the war, and for decades afterward, survivors rarely spoke about their experiences, partly because they knew the world was not prepared to listen. Now, however, the Shoah Foundation's completed videotaping of more than fifty-one thousand survivors in fifty-seven countries corresponds to two phenomena: younger generations – especially in Germany – want to know more about the Holocaust, and the aging survivors feel the urgency to speak before it's too late. A brief chronological overview of events might be useful in suggesting how the Shoah has entered mainstream culture, starting with the broadcast of NBC's “Holocaust” in 1978.
Pegfilgastrim in Autoimmune Neutrophenia.

A 50-year-old Caucasian male with chronic renal failure with two failed cadavaric kidney transplants was evaluated after multiple admissions for life-threatening febrile neutropenia. The absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) had ranged from 165–988/mm 3 in the previous year. No cause was identified. A bone marrow aspirate revealed normal trilineage hematopoiesis without dysplasia and cytogenetic analysis demonstrated 46 XY. Core biopsy revealed adequate cellularity. A blood antineutrophil antibody test was positive confirming a diagnosis of autoimmune neutropenia (AIN). Treatment with prednisone was initiated. Although the patient responded to prednisone (100mg/day), evidenced by the ANC increasing to 5544/mm 3 , he developed massive shifts in weight secondary to fluid retention which complicated dialysis. Additionally he had mild to moderate steroid induced psychosis and sleep disturbances. Attempts at decreasing the dose of prednisone resulted in a decrease in the ANC as well. Therefore, treatment with filgastrim at 300 mcg SQ daily was initiated. The ANC rapidly increased from 571 to 16,578/mm 3 . Treatment was then switched to pegfilgastrim 6 mg SQ every 3 weeks for ease of administration. An initial ANC increase to 16,000/mm 3 was noted; however, by week 3 the ANC had decreased to 448mm 3 . As a result, the treatment schedule was changed to pegfilgastrim 6 mg SQ every 2 weeks. Since this adjustment, the ANC has consistently ranged from 1500–20,000/mm 3 . Additionally, there have been no other infections. Pegfilgastrim has already been shown to be as effective as filgastrim in cancer chemotherapy patients, providing a more convenient and tolerable alternative to filgastrim. To date there have been no documented uses of pegfilgastrim in AIN patients. It is logical to assume that pegfilgastrim would have similar efficacy in AIN as well. It was this assumption that first lead to its use in our patient. However, dosing every two weeks rather than the standard every 3 weeks was necessary to achieve the desired effect.
Walking the Wire: Technologies Across an Academic Career

Academic health centers provide a broad range of services spanning the teaching, research, and service missions. Secure video teleconferencing can support training and supervision of health-care trainees across distance and allow expanded continuing education opportunities for rural providers. Academic faculty can play important roles in identifying and developing innovative solutions that improve telehealth technologies and ensure maximal effectiveness of such applications in clinical care. With effective telehealth tools, service providers can offer timely, efficient, and targeted services to patients from rural communities across a tertiary care academic medical center’s catchment area, resulting in better care and less travel burden on patients and families. This chapter reviews how telehealth technologies have been applied across teaching, research, and service missions to serve patients and families and to improve health service delivery.
AN ANNUAL STORAGE ICE SYSTEM FOR COOLING

ABSTRACT Refrigeration, cooling and/or chilling methods usually require rather large amounts of energy for operation. This system uses naturally frozen ice in long term storage to provide an economical source of ice for various cooling or chilling purposes. Initial research and computer simulations indicate that in areas where the winter is sufficiently cold and of sufficient duration, this system would be an economical, viable option for uses such as simple refrigeration, summer air conditioning, or simply for effective dehumidification. With an electrical input of 676 KWH, 182 Metric tons of frozen mass containing 57 tons of ice were produced.
Rise of Earth’s atmospheric oxygen controlled by efficient subduction of organic carbon

Little is known about the deep carbon cycle during the Archaean. High- pressure and -temperature experiments indicate that the subduction of organic carbon on a hotter, younger Earth was efficient, helping to sequester carbon in Earth’s interior.