cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Infant Skills as Predictors of Child-Caregiver Joint Attention and Language

Current research suggests that the extent to which child-caregiver dyads engage in interactions involving episodes of joint or coordinated attention can have a significant impact on early lexical acquisition. In this regard it has been recognized that individual differences in early developing child communication skills, such as capacity to follow gaze and early infant language, may contribute to these child-caregiver interactional patterns, as well as to subsequent language development. To address this expectation, 21 infant-parent dyads were recruited for participation in a longitudinal study. Early infant language, responding to joint attention skill, and cognitive development were assessed at 12 months of age. Child-caregiver joint attention episodes, as well as responding to joint attention skill and child language, were assessed at 18 months of age. Developmental outcome, using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II, was assessed at 21 and 24 months of age. Consistent with previous findings, results indicated that individual differences in child-caregiver episodes of joint attention were related to language at 18 months. In addition, though, 12 month vocabulary and responding to joint attention skill were associated with some aspects of 18 month child-caregiver interaction, as well as subsequent language development. In general, 12 month child measures and 18 month child-caregiver interaction measures appeared to make unique contributions to language development in this sample. These results suggest the need to further consider the role of infant skills in the connections between child-caregiver joint attention episodes and language development.
Congenital iris coloboma repair using a modified McCannel suture technique.

Abstract Purpose To report a repair of congenital iris coloboma using a modified McCannel suture technique. Design Interventional case report. Methods Retrospective intervention procedure. Results Postoperative repair resulted in restoration of pupil, anterior support of posterior chamber intraocular lens, and improved appearance. Conclusions The modified McCannel suture technique provides acceptable functional and cosmetic repair of congenital iris colobomas.
Integrin β3-mediated Src activation regulates apoptosis in IEC-6 cells via Akt and STAT3

Intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells are resistant to apoptosis following the inhibition of ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) and subsequent polyamine depletion. The depletion of polyamines rapidly activates NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), which is responsible for the observed decrease in apoptosis. Since both NF-κB and STAT3 signalling pathways can be activated by Src kinase, we examined its role in the antiapoptotic response. Inhibition of ODC by DFMO (α-difluoromethylornithine) increased the activity of Src and ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) within 30 min, which was prevented by exogenous polyamines added to the DFMO-containing medium. Conversely, epidermal growth factor-mediated Src and ERK1/2 activation was not prevented by the addition of polyamines. Inhibition of Src with PP2 {4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine} and a DN-Src (dominant-negative Src) construct prevented the activation of Akt, JAK (Janus kinase) and STAT3. Spontaneous apoptosis was increased in DN-Src-expressing cells and the protective effect of polyamine depletion was lost. Polyamine depletion by DFMO increased integrin β3 Tyr785 phosphorylation. Cells plated on fibronectin had significantly higher β3 phosphorylation and Src activation compared with plastic. Exogenous polyamines added to the fibronectin matrix prevented Src activation. Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser inhibited β3, Src and Akt phosphorylation and sensitized polyamine-depleted cells to tumour necrosis factor α/cycloheximide-mediated apoptosis. Fibronectin activated Src and subsequently protected cells from apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that the inhibition of ODC rapidly removes a small pool of available polyamines triggering the activation of β3 integrin, which in turn activates Src. The subsequent Akt and JAK activation is accompanied by translocation of NF-κB and STAT3 to the nucleus and the synthesis of antiapoptotic proteins.
Theory of fluctuation superconductivity from electron-phonon interactions in pseudo-one-dimensional systems

The physics of quasi-one-dimensional solids which undergo a Peierls distortion, such as the organic material TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiofulvalinium-tetracyanoquinodimethan) is discussed. In particular, the effect of fluctuations into the Fr\"ohlich superconducting state on the free energy and the electrical conductivity is examined theoretically at temperatures above that of the Peierls distortion. A phenomenological approach is used, but the physical basis for a microscopic treatment is given and the results are compared with the effect of fluctuations into a BCS superconducting state. It is found that such fluctuations give a paraconductivity which is too small to account for the extraordinary conductivity peaks reported for TTF-TCNQ.
Excitation spectra on CdNe, CdAr, and CdKr molecules in a supersonic jet

Abstract Laser excitation spectra of the van der Waals molecules CdNe, CdAr, and CdKr have been obtained in free-jet supersonic expansions of cadmium vapor in the respective pure rare gases. Analysis of the spectra has yielded spectroscopic constants and dissociation energies of the ground state ( 3 0 + ) and two excited states ( 3 0 + , 3 1) which dissociate asymptotically to Cd(5p 3 P 1 ) atoms.
The influence of a Hawaiian seamount on mesopelagic micronekton

Abstract The distribution of mesopelagic micronekton (small fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods) is not uniform throughout the oceans. Seamounts are a feature that may influence the abundance, biomass, diversity, and taxonomic composition of a community of mesopelagic micronekton by introducing a hard substrate and benthic predators into a realm normally devoid of these. Cross Seamount, located roughly 295 km south of the island of Oahu, Hawaii, has a summit that is 330 m below sea surface and has a diameter of approximately 8 km. Using a large, modified Cobb trawl, samples were taken both directly over and away from the summit of Cross Seamount to sample the deep scattering layer during the day and the shallow scattering layer during the night. Trawls were conducted during two cruises in the spring of 2005 and 2007. All organisms collected were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible resulting in a description of the local assemblage of mesopelagic micronekton over and around Cross Seamount. Results indicate that there is a significant decrease in total abundance of organisms and an absence of certain diel vertically migrating taxa directly over the summit as opposed to away. While predation might be partly the cause, the taxa that are absent from the summit all have daytime depths that are deeper than the depth of the summit indicating that avoidance may be a major reason for the low abundance. The overall taxonomic composition of the community over the summit is dominated numerically by epipelagic juvenile fishes and stomatopod larvae. This is in opposition to that found away from the summit where the community is dominated numerically by mesopelagic fishes, mostly myctophid fishes, with the epipelagic juvenile fishes and stomatopod larvae contributing little to the overall taxonomic composition. The community over the summit also contains two species that appear to be found in higher abundance over the summit as opposed to away and may be considered as seamount-associated species. These are a cranchiid squid, Liocranchia reinhardti, and a myctophid fish, Benthosema fibulatum. This seamount is known to impact the mesopelagic micronekton community and tuna community, but the mechanisms behind these impacts are largely unknown at this time.
Can function word distribution indicate authorship

The writer's interest in the answer to the question contained in the title of this paper stems from his discovery of seemingly startling aberrations in word frequency distributions in the Celestina, an anonymous work of Spanish literature which conceivably could be the product of one, two, or three authors. This work appeared in 1499 with sixteen parts. An edition in 1501 also appeared with sixteen parts but contained a letter "to a friend" stating that the first part was written by one unnamed person and that the succeeding fifteen parts were written by the author of the letter, identified acrostically as Fernando de Rojas in some verses forming a part of the letter. An edition in 1502 contained five additional parts inserted between the fourteenth and fifteenth original parts, and the original fourteenth part was considerably amplified. There has been much discussion and debate, but the consensus today is that there was a single author of the work.
Theory of Dyeing Polyester and Polyacrylic Fibers1

These two fiber classes are similar in that both are dyed by disperse-type dyes; however, polyacrylic fibers can be dyed with anionic dyes if positive sites are provided. This can be done, for example, by using fiber containing ammonium groups. Alterna tively, positive sites in the form of bound cuprous ions can be produced by treatment of the fiber with cuprous salts. In either case, ion exchange occurs in which colorless anions and dye amons compete for positive sites in the fiber.In contrast, disperse dyes, which are used on all common fibers except cellulose and wool, require no specific dyeing sites. In polyethylene terephthalate, the dyeing reac tion behaves like a simple solution in the tiber, with dipole interactions and dispersion forces probably very important.The rate of dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate tends to be inconveniently slow, and organic compounds called carriers are used frequently to increase the rate. They are effective by mcreasing the diffusion rate of dye through the fiber.
Coupled mode theory for photonic crystal cavity-waveguide interaction

We derive a coupled mode theory for the interaction of an optical cavity with a waveguide that includes waveguide dispersion. The theory can be applied to photonic crystal cavity waveguide structures. We derive an analytical solution to the add and drop spectra arising from such interactions in the limit of linear dispersion. In this limit, the spectra can accurately predict the cold cavity quality factor (Q) when the interaction is weak. We numerically solve the coupled mode equations for the case of a cavity interacting with the band edge of a periodic waveguide, where linear dispersion is no longer a good approximation. In this regime, the density of states can distort the add and drop spectra. This distortion can lead to more than an order of magnitude overestimation of the cavity Q.
Winning with Pinning in NoC

In Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs), on-chip interconnect carries data and coherence traffic exchanged between on chip cache banks. Reducing communication latency is critical for improving the performance of applications running on CMPs. Communication latency is affected by network design, cache organization, and application design. Previously proposed techniques for reducing router latency using express virtual channels or hybrid circuit switching effectively reduce communication latency. However, our analysis of communication traffic of a suite of scientific and commercial workloads on a 16-core cache coherent CMP showed low utilization of circuits due to repeated establishment and tear down of circuits. In this paper, we explore circuit pinning, an efficient way of establishing circuits that promotes higher circuit utilization, adapts to changes in communication characteristics, simplifies network control, and allows smarter routing techniques due to the stability of configured circuits. Comparison with state of the art packet switched and hybrid circuit switched interconnects across different cache organizations demonstrates the benefits of our technique.
A Novel Skin Tone Detection Algorithm for Contraband Image Analysis

This paper examines skin tone detection algorithms used by first responder forensic tools such as File Hound. File Hound is a "field analysis" software application that is currently being used by over 100 law enforcement agencies, both internationally and domestically. It is mainly used in forensic investigations to search and identify pornographic images from a hard drive. Since the conception of File Hound, several steps have been taken to improve its performance and expand its features. One such feature is a skin tone detection filter that can identify images with a large skin color count from the aggregate image results found by File Hound. This filter is based on the idea that there is a positive correlation between images with a large skin color count and images that are pornographic in nature. A novel skin tone detection filter was developed and this filter was tested against random images obtained from the Compaq Image database for skin tone detection. The results of the test are encouraging in terms of accuracy and low error rates: type I = 20.64%, type II = 0.81%, accuracy = 78.55%.
Whither goest the RGS proteins

Studies of the desensitization of G protein-coupled signal transduction have led to the discovery of a family of guanosine triphosphatase-activating proteins (GAPs) for heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits - the "regulator of G protein signaling" or RGS proteins. In considering both documented and potential functions of several RGS protein family members with demonstrable multidomain compositions (p115RhoGEF, PDZRhoGEF, Axin, Axil/Conductin, D-AKAP2, the G protein-coupled receptor kinases [GRKs], the DEP/GGL/RGS subfamily [RGS6, RGS7, RGS9, RGS11], and RGS12), this review explores the shift in our appreciation of the RGS proteins from unidimensional desensitizing agents to multifocal signal transduction regulators.
A multilevel analysis of diverse learners playing life science video games: Interactions between game content, learning disability status, reading proficiency, and gender

Extant research reports differential effects related to the efficacy of video games as a means to enhance science instruction. However, there are very few studies examining differences in learning outcomes across student-level independent variables. This study used multilevel modeling to examine the effects of three video game-enhanced life science units on the performance of 366 adolescent students from three middle schools in the central and western United States. The study included 18 life science classrooms that were taught by four teachers over a 6-week period. Independent variables included the students’ National Assessment of Educational Progress reading level, presence of a learning disability, gender, and student perceptions of science and video games. Struggling readers and students with low perceptions of their skills as scientists underperformed when compared to their peers. Results across all games indicated significant learning gains for students with and without learning disabilities. Learning disability, gender, and perceptions of video games for learning were not significant predictors of student performance. Results from the study indicate that the effects of video games on science learning are mediated by individual learner characteristics and the science content. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 324–345, 2016.
North polar frontal clouds and dust storms on Mars during spring and summer

The complete archive of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) Mars Daily Global Maps (MDGM) are used to study north polar clouds and dust storms that exhibit frontal structures during the spring and summer (Ls 0–180). Results show that frontal events generally follow the edge of the polar cap during spring and mid/late summer with a gap in the distribution in early summer. The exact duration and timing of the gap vary from year to year. Ten to twenty percent of spring and summer time frontal events exhibit complex morphologies. Distinct temperature signatures are associated with features observed in images in many but not all cases. The general travel paths of the frontal events are eastward around the polar cap. Westward paths exist only at the edge of the polar cap in late spring/early summer. Occasionally, the paths curve toward or away from the polar cap in certain longitude sectors.
Spin-liquid polymorphism in a correlated electron system on the threshold of superconductivity

We report neutron scattering measurements which reveal spin-liquid polymorphism in an “11” iron chalcogenide superconductor. It occurs when a poorly metallic magnetic state of FeTe is tuned toward superconductivity by substitution of a small amount of tellurium with isoelectronic sulfur. We observe a liquid-like magnetic response, which is described by the coexistence of two disordered magnetic phases with different local structures whose relative abundance depends on temperature. One is the ferromagnetic (FM) plaquette phase observed in undoped, nonsuperconducting FeTe, which preserves the C4 symmetry of the underlying square lattice and is favored at high temperatures, whereas the other is the antiferromagnetic plaquette phase with broken C4 symmetry, which emerges with doping and is predominant at low temperatures. These findings suggest the coexistence of and competition between two distinct liquid states, and a liquid–liquid phase transformation between these states, in the electronic spin system of FeTe1−x(S,Se)x. We have thus discovered the remarkable physics of competing spin-liquid polymorphs in a correlated electron system approaching superconductivity. Our results facilitate an understanding of large swaths of recent experimental data in unconventional superconductors. In particular, the phase with lower C2 local symmetry, whose emergence precedes superconductivity, naturally accounts for a propensity for forming electronic nematic states which have been observed experimentally, in cuprate and iron-based superconductors alike.
Bootstrapping Feature-Rich Dependency Parsers with Entropic Priors

One may need to build a statistical parser for a new language, using only a very small labeled treebank together with raw text. We argue that bootstrapping a parser is most promising when the model uses a rich set of redundant features, as in recent models for scoring dependency parses (McDonald et al., 2005). Drawing on Abney’s (2004) analysis of the Yarowsky algorithm, we perform bootstrapping by entropy regularization: we maximize a linear combination of conditional likelihood on labeled data and confidence (negative R´ enyi entropy) on unlabeled data. In initial experiments, this surpassed EM for training a simple feature-poor generative model, and also improved the performance of a feature-rich, conditionally estimated model where EM could not easily have been applied. For our models and training sets, more peaked measures of con
Critical Features of an ISO 9001/14001 Harmonized Health and Safety Assessment Instrument

Conformity assessment to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 quality assurance and ISO 14001 environmental management standards create numerous procedural and technical performance issues. Specific challenges include auditor qualification and credentialing concerns, mutual recognition of foreign accreditor findings, as well as intranational and international auditing performance consistency. An ISO 9001/14001-harmonized occupational health and safety management system standard (OHSMS) would likely confront analogous difficulties. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the critical features of a credible ISO 9001/14001-compatible OHSMS assessment instrument, or auditing tool. ISO 9000 series standards, the 14000 series draft international standards, and numerous assessment instruments currently employed in industry have been reviewed. The findings suggest that an OHSMS assessment instrument be: (1) generally applicable in any industry; (2) fashioned for auditors lacking heal...
Castleman's Disease: From Basic Mechanisms to Molecular Therapeutics

Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder in which there has been recent progress in elucidating underlying mechanisms with potential therapeutic implications. Unicentric Castleman's disease is an indolent condition that is often treated with local approaches. In contrast, patients with multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) have a less favorable prognosis and require systemic treatment. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, with its attendant risk for toxicity, has been widely used to treat MCD, with variable efficacy. The discovery of putative etiologic factors and targets in MCD, particularly human herpes virus 8, CD20, and interleukin (IL)-6, has been translated into the use of rituximab and anti–IL-6-based therapy, as well as antiviral agents. In this article, we review the current state of the art of our understanding of Castleman's disease and its treatment and we provide insight into future treatment strategies based on disease biology.
A detailed 1H and 13C NMR study of a repeating disaccharide of hyaluronan: the effects of temperature and counterion type

For the first time, a detailed NMR study of the conformation of methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (disaccharide 1) in aqueous solution is reported. This disaccharide is a repeating unit of hyaluronan, a polysaccharide with widespread biological and pharmaceutical applications. Relatively small changes in temperature, over typical experimental conditions (0-37 degrees C), completely change the appearance of its one-dimensional 1H NMR spectrum at 500 MHz. To determine the underlying cause for this temperature sensitivity, we analyzed 1H and 13C chemical shifts, temperature coefficients (delta gamma/delta T), 1H-1H coupling constants, and interglycosidic 1H-13C coupling constants for 1 as a function of temperature. For comparison, we measured the temperature dependence of 1H chemical shifts and coupling constants for related monosaccharides: glucuronate (GlcUA or U) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc or N), and glucose (Glc). The temperature sensitivity of the 1H spectrum of 1 is caused by relatively larger values of delta delta/delta T for some ring protons, rather than a conformational change. The effect is mediated by strong coupling. To detect the presence of long-lived intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the disaccharide, we measured chemical shifts, delta delta/delta T, and coupling constants for hydroxyl protons of 1, GlcUA, and GlcNAc in 1:1 H2O-acetone-d6 at low temperature. We compared 1H NMR parameters for 1, GlcUA, and GlcNAc in water with published values measured in Me2SO-d6 and concluded that interactions with water predominated. We found no evidence for long-lived intramolecular hydrogen bonds occurring in 1 in aqueous solution.
Safety assessment of high-dose narcotic analgesia for emergency department procedures

Study objective: To evaluate the safety of high-dose IV narcotics in patients requiring analgesia for painful emergency department procedures. Design: Prospective multicenter clinical trial. Setting: Five adult urban EDs. Methods and measurements: All patients received IV meperidine (1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg) titrated to analgesia followed by a painful procedure. Vital signs and alertness scale were recorded at regular intervals, and patients were observed for four hours. Adverse events were monitored and documented. Comparisons between baseline and postanalgesia intervals were made with a repeated measures ANOVA (Dunnett's test). Results: Although statistically significant changes in vital signs and alertness scale occurred, they were not clinically significant. Opiate reversal with naloxone was not needed in any patient, and no significant respiratory or circulatory compromise occurred. Conclusion: This study of 72 patients demonstrates that high-dose narcotic analgesia is appropriate, well tolerated, and safe when used in selected patients before painful procedures in the ED. Narcotic antagonists and resuscitation equipment nonetheless should be available to maximize safety.
Cellular mechanisms of osteolysis.

Over the past several years, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular events regulating osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. For decades, the coupling between bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) and bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts) has not been well understood. Elucidation of this coupling has occurred recently with identification of the receptor/activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). RANKL is expressed on the cell surface of osteoblasts and bone-marrow stromal cells, and it directly stimulates the differentiation of osteoclast progenitor cells to form mature osteoclasts. RANKL-directed signaling is mediated through the receptor/activator of NF-κB (RANK), located on the cell membrane of osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts. By interacting with RANK, RANKL provides the coupling between bone formation and bone resorption ( Fig. 1)1. In addition, a third molecule, osteoprotegerin (OPG), has been discovered. This molecule negatively regulates RANKL signaling. OPG is …
Heart–Lung Interactions

One of the key functions of the respiratory and circulatory systems is to transfer oxygen from the atmosphere to the tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the atmosphere. To accomplish this, the two systems need to act in concert and consequently interact with each other in many different ways. Broadly, these interactions can be classified into neural, humoral, functional, and mechanical.
The Acutely Ill Patient in the Intensive Care Unit Setting

1. A 24-year-old woman with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of a berry aneurysm was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A psychiatric consultation was requested as the patient seemed to be depressed. The consultant found that the patient felt sad about not being able to see her 2-year-old son, as children were not allowed in the ICU. She was afraid that she might die without being able to say goodbye to him. The consultant was able to obtain special permission from the administration for her husband to bring the child once a day. She recovered fully from her hemorrhage.
Temperature-Dependent Development in Capital-Breeding Lepidoptera

Temperature-dependent development is described by three variables termed thermal characteristics: the developmental zero temperature, below which no development is assumed to occur; the high cutoff temperature, above which development slows; and the developmental index, a measure of physiological time required for a given phase to develop. Physiological time in this study refers to number of degree-days, units that combine temperature and time. The phase of interest here is the entire larval stage. Degree-days track developmental progress more precisely than calendar days and better alert the observer for optimally timing planned interventions. Thermal characteristics are usually derived from simple Type I regressions fitted to the linear portion of plots of rate of development on rearing temperature, where rate is the reciprocal of duration. Existing thermal characteristics for 131 published datasets are revised here using an improved Type II regression proposed by Ikemoto & Takai (2000). These datasets represent species in 11 families and originated between 1927 and 2007 on six continents. Each dataset consists of ≥4 associated rates and temperatures. Revised developmental zero temperatures ranged from 3.9 to 16.0. They varied directly with mean annual temperatures at localities of dataset origin, forming a continuum of low to high values between cool and warm climates. Among other relations, the mathematical product of voltinism × the natural logarithm (ln) of developmental index, which encompasses multivoltinism, varied directly with developmental zeros. In 91% of datasets, number of degree-days for the larval phase calculated using official mean daily air temperatures agreed within ±2 calendar days with those using constant laboratory temperatures. Official temperatures were summarized from records at 18 mid-temperate North American weather stations. Thermal characteristics are found to be adapted to climatic regimes, and local weather-station temperatures are usually suitable for degree-day summations.
The Anatomy of the Tracheal System of Camponotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The tracheal system of the carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus De Geer, was studied in freshly killed and in living specimens. It is typical of a fairly generalized insect, having segmentally arranged, functional spiracles opening into longitudinal trunks. The main trunks and many of their branches widen into air sacs which are capable of great expansion and contraction, and whose walls are capable of resealing themselves after they have been torn or have burst through overinflation. No evidence was found for a specialized mechanism for removal of carbon dioxide, consisting of modified spiracles and blind air sacs connected with the aorta, such as was described by Marcus in 1958.
Benchtop Rotational Group Velocity Measurement on Shales

There are substantial uncertainties in estimation of Thomsen parameter δ from laboratory velocity anisotropy measurement. To reduce the uncertainty we designed a laboratory setup to efficiently acquire a large number of diagonal velocities in different directions. The quasi-P wave velocity is determined by four elastic constants: c11, c33, c44 and c13, but we found that there is coupling relation between c44 and c13, so we cannot solve for all the four elastic constants simultaneously by least square fitting. Because of this coupling relation, if we do not care the exact values of c44 and c13, δ can still be reliably estimated. This conclusion is consistent with the view that δ can be estimated from P-wave only seismic data. The redundant diagonal velocity measurement can also identify possible error in identifying the TI symmetrical axis of shale core sample.
Operational Productivity, Corporate Social Performance, Financial Performance, and Risk in Manufacturing Firms

We examine the relationship between Operational Productivity (OP), Corporate Social Performance (CSP), Financial Performance (FP), and risk. Our sample frame comprises 476 firms in nine US manufacturing industries during the period 1999–2009. We employ DEA-based measures for OP and CSP, two operationalizations for FP to reflect current profitability and market value, and two operationalizations for risk to reflect bankruptcy risk and stock price volatility. We confirm that OP is essential for good financial performance and reduced risk (as expected), but the main effects of CSP are mixed. Importantly, we find that OP moderates the CSP–FP and CSP–risk relationships. Specifically, if OP is poor, CSP is of limited benefit to FP or risk. However, at or above a threshold level of OP, firms can use CSP to build upon it to yield further improvements in FP and reductions in risk. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.
Neuroimaging Perspectives on Skilled and Impaired Reading and the Bilingual Experience

Skilled, fluent reading involves mastery of multiple linguistic (e.g., phonological, semantic, morphological, syntactic) and related cognitive processes (e.g., processing speed, attention, working memory). Development of these processes is highly predictive of fluent reading. Among these, impairments in phonological processes such as phonological awareness and decoding (learning of spelling-to-sound correspondences) in combination with processing speed impairments are often implicated as the primary underlying deficits in developmental dyslexia. Here, we review relevant behavioral research on aspects of fluent reading development (phonology, semantics, processing speed) in skilled and disordered reading. We describe recent research in mapping the development of neural systems underlying these reading-related capacities, and their relevant gene-brain-behavior underpinnings. We consider the impact of cross-linguistic and/or multilingual experience on the development of the brain’s reading circuitry. By incorporating behavioral, neural, and genetic research, across different populations (skilled and disordered reading, monolingual and multilingual reading), and across languages, these multiple sources of converging evidence inform the development of fluent reading and contribute to the goal of developing a comprehensive neurobiological model of reading.
Review: Trans. Alessandro de Magistris and Gianluigi Giacone by Alessandro de Magistris, Irina Korob'ina, editors

Alessandro de Magistris and Irina Korob'ina , editors, Ivan Leonidov, 1902–1959 . Trans. Alessandro de Magistris and Gianluigi Giacone , Milan: Electa/architettura, 2009, 324 pp., 207 color and 130 b/w illus. €110, ISBN 978883705761 In 1978 the Architectural League of New York opened a small exhibition about a then-obscure Soviet architect, Ivan Il’ic Leonidov. Two decades later, in 2002, Rem Koolhaas declared in Moscow, at the celebration of Leonidov's 100th anniversary, “If the entire twentieth-century architecture of the world was destroyed, it could be brought back to life through the genetic code of Leonidov's architecture” (117). Koolhaas also suggested that Leonidov's three idiosyncratic ceramic, glass, and steel towers for the 1934 NARKOMTJAŽPROM competition be raised at New York's Ground Zero. What is certain is that his discovery of Leonidov's architecture in 1971 at the exhibition Art and Revolution , organized by Oleg Svidkovskij at the Hayward Gallery in London, was the catalyst that propelled the Dutch architect to abandon his career as a filmmaker in order to become one of the most important architects of our day. Kenneth Frampton was no less emphatic when he wrote in 1981, in the preface to the American translation of the first monograph the Soviets dedicated to Leonidov (published in Russian in 1971), “There is probably no figure of the modern movement who haunts the stage of the twentieth century with such persistence as Ivan Leonidov.”1 Indeed, both the Parc de la Villette in Paris and analogous cultural and recreational facilities in Japan are avowed progeny of Leonidov's radical concept of a Palace of Culture (Dvorec Kultury) designed for a Moscow competition in 1929. I. M. Pei's glass pyramid for the Louvre—a Palace of Culture par excellence—echoes Leonidov's Palace of Culture glass pyramid, with a dirigible hovering above. Leonidov, a passionate adept of aircraft, was playing off the image published in the Soviet press in the 1920s featuring a dirigible cruising above the pyramids of Luxor. It is no less true, even if unacknowledged, that Le Corbusier's …
MEASUREMENT OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND TURNOVER IN ANIMAL CELLS WITH TRITIATED WATER

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the measurement of protein, synthesis, and turnover in animal cells with tritiated water. To determine with an isotopic probe the true rate of synthesis of a cell protein, labeling should be at a steady level and without lag or compartmentation in the pool of precursor molecules during incorporation. The 3 H and 14 C labels were first compared for their relative incorporative efficiencies in toto , without protein hydrolysis. External amino acids can offer little competition to dilute out the label equilibrated into active pools for protein biosynthesis. There appears to be sufficient transaminase activity to equilibrate the fraction of the total val residues that can incorporate 3 H, because the ratio of capacity/demand for % incorporation was fairly high and high extracellular val levels did not suppress 3 H 2 O equilibration into peptide val. The occurrence of labeling in all cellular macromolecules and the availability of chromatographic separations of their hydrolytic products should make 3 H 2 O labeling applicable to a more general examination of cellular biosynthesis.
PHOTOPLASTICITY IN SEMICONDUCTORS

Photoplastic effect measurements (PPE) in CdS are correlated to the charge on mobile dislocations. This is shown through the orientation dependence of the effect and the magnitude of the dislocation currents.
Zika Virus in Transplantation: Emerging Infection and Opportunities.

In 1952, Dick et al published a series of studies of a new virus isolated from sentinel rhesus macaque monkeys in the Zika Forest near Entebbe, Uganda (1). The first human isolation of Zika virus (ZIKV) occurred 2 years later in Nigeria. Cases of human infection were uncommonly identified until a major outbreak in Yap Island, Micronesia in 2007. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Mitigation of homodyne crosstalk noise in silicon photonic NoC architectures with tunable decoupling

Photonic network-on-chip (PNoC) architectures employ photonic waveguides with dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) for signal traversal and microring resonators (MRs) for signal modulation, to enable high bandwidth on-chip transfers. Unfortunately, due to the resonant nature of MRs, the power built-up in their cavity gradually recouples back into the photonic waveguides. This recoupled power induces time-dependent unfilterable homodyne crosstalk noise, when the wavelength of the recoupled power matches with the wavelength of a signal in the waveguide. The homodyne crosstalk in turn deteriorates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and on-chip communication reliability. This paper presents a novel lightweight technique to mitigate homodyne crosstalk noise in DWDM-based PNoCs. We evaluate the effectiveness and overhead of our technique by implementing it for well-known PNoC architectures, including Corona, Firefly and Flexishare. Experimental results indicate that our approach when implemented on these PNoCs can improve the worst-case SNR by up to 37.6% compared to the baseline versions of these PNoCs, thereby significantly enhancing reliability, at the cost of up to 19.2% energy overhead and 1.7% photonic area overhead.
Estimating N2 fixation in two species of Alnus in interior Alaska using acetylene reduction and 15N2 uptake

In interior Alaskan boreal forests two species of alder, Alnus tenuifolia and Alnus crispa, represent keystone species in floodplain and upland landscapes, respectively, due to the ability of these...
Breaking from tradition: establishing more realistic sediment quality guidelines

Sediment quality guidelines vary wildly across nations. The approaches to derive these guidelines range from crude percentile rankings of total concentrations of single chemicals to theoretical approaches that are driven by biological available effect levels. This results in a range of orders of magnitude for “safe” or threshold levels by chemical. Even the more scientifically advanced approaches using theoretical approaches are problematic in that they do not consider chemical mixtures, alternate routes of exposure, and other ligands that limit bioavailability. In the end, all that matters is that desirable resident biota are protected and with no significant ecological impacts. Complicating this determination is the role of habitat, flow, sedimentation, and nutrients—all of which are common in human-dominated waterways. A possible effective way forward is to consider the common, relevant stressors that may influence biotic communities associated with sediments. This approach would consider relevant sensitive species in terms of their ecological context and dominant exposure pathway (considering habitat, overlying water, sediment, periphyton, and hyporheos). In addition, the sum of water column (and pore water) and sediment probable effect concentration vs probable no effect concentrations ratios would be summed and considered for mixtures. Since this non-scientific mixture effect assessment may be overly conservative, in situ caged toxicity tests with benthic and water column organisms exposed to sediments, pore waters, and overlying water would be conducted for field validations along with comparisons of indigenous biota to BioCriteria.
The “Terminal” Effects of Service Failure on Airlines: Examining Service Recovery with Justice Theory:

The objective of this research was to examine airline passengers’ service recovery assessments. In addition, the impact of loyalty was examined with relation to postrecovery satisfaction, word-of-m...
Positional third ventricular deformity

A male infant with communicating hydrocephalus and a position dependent obstruction in the posterior third ventricle is described. The apparent mass in the posterior third ventricle was seen only when the child was inverted. Possible factors relating to hydrocephalus which can cause the walls of the posterior third ventricle to come together and explain this unusual finding are discussed. These include dilated ambient cisterns and dilated posteriormedial aspects of the temporal horns.
An Examination of 35 Years of Behavioral Disorders: What, How, and Who Has Been Published:

With this issue, the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders marks 35 years of publishing Behavioral Disorders. The journal has chronicled an historic time in the field of emotional/behavior...
The Algebra H*($${\Bbb F}$$k( M);ℤ)

Our aim in this chapter is to determine the structure of \(H^* (\mathbb{F}_k (M);\mathbb{Z})\), as an algebra, when M is ℝ n+1 or S n+1 (cf. [17, Cohen], [19, Cohen-Taylor]). Note that we are including the case n = 1. In this case some notational change is necessary.
Autolyse the cell in order to save it? Inducing, then blocking, autolysis as a strategy for delaying cell death in the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri

To examine whether choline and its derivatives can be used to preserve viable cells of Lactobacillus reuteri in autolytic models. A phosphate-induced autolytic model in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium (MRS) was used. Viable cell counts were determined by plated on MRS-agar. Choline and hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) significantly blocked autolysis of L. reuteri at 360 mM and 4 mM, respectively. Viable cell counts corroborated these observations. Importantly, autolytically induced cells treated with choline and hemicholinium-3 were significantly more viable then even non-induced cells. Over-production of a known autolytic protein, spirosin, was not attenuated in the presence of choline and hemicholinium-3. Inducing autolysis and then blocking it with choline and its analogs is a promising approach for retaining the viability of L. reuteri cells.
More than myth-busting: thoughts on a teach-in prompted by the proposed elimination of federal funds for culture

In April, I organized a “teach-in” responding to the proposed elimination of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Although my current research ...
Chapter 4 – Biostatistical Basis of Inference in Heart Failure Study

This chapter begins with the discussion of types of data and then focuses on statistical measures applied in descriptive epidemiology and analytical epidemiology. It includes measures of central tendency and variation, measures of disease occurrence and existence, and odds ratios. In the analytical analysis sections, distributions of data and hypothesis testing are discussed. An introduction to SAS data steps and procedure statements is included. Readers can apply the provided SAS data and program codes to learn and practice SAS computing quickly and practically.
My second-chance Ph.D.

I thought that attending a top-ranked university in the West, and especially the United States, would be a guaranteed ticket to success. I was also eager to help the world by studying the impact of pollution on the global environment. As a child growing up in a remote village in India, I had seen
Online detection technology for SF6 decomposition products in electrical equipment: a review

The decomposition component analysis method can be used to monitor and diagnose the insulation state of SF6 electrical equipment in power industry. Here, the authors firstly compared the advantages and disadvantages of various SF6 decomposition products detection methods and analysed their feasibility of online monitoring. Then the requirements of SF6 decomposition products online detecting technology according to the actual engineering needs were discussed. The SF6 decomposition products online detection system has been mainly introduced from the aspects of principle, structure, detection effect, and practicability. The research points and development tendency of SF6 decomposition products online detection system is forecasted.
Adding Therapy Dogs to Your Cancer Treatment Team

Facility-specific guidelines need to be developed to address certification requirements for therapy dogs, practical logistics of therapy dog visits, and infection control issues. Policies should be developed using expertise from volunteer coordinators, risk management, infection control specialists, veterinarians, and therapy dog handlers. Outside agencies are used to train, test, and certify therapy dogs. Insurance is generally provided through these agencies. Dogs can become colonized with some human pathogens. Implementing infection control procedures and controlling dog behavior during visits reduce risks for dogs becoming colonized. Established programs incorporating therapy dogs as complementary treatment for cancer patients offer role models for the development of new programs.
Pseudoacids. III: formation and structures of new cyclic oxocarboxylic acids

Crystal and molecular structures for aryl- and benzyl-substituted 3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroisobenzopyran-1-one are described. For the 4,4-dimethyl derivative, two monoclinic modifications are produced on sublimation: (1) P21/c, a = 23.668(6) A b = 11.749(4) A c = 7.215(2) A β = 96.70(2)○; V = 1992.6(10) A3; (2) P21/c, a = 11.509(4) A, b = 12.429(4) A, c = 6.933(2) A, β = 91.12(3)○, V = 991.6(6) A. In both, hydroxy groups are pseudoaxial, and molecules form dimeric complementary but noncooperative hydrogen bonds. In the 6-methoxy derivative (3), P21/c; a = 14.185(7) A b = 4.105(4) A c = 15.598(13) A β = 98.59(6)○; V = 898.1(10) A3, the hydroxy group is pseudoequatorial, and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding forms infinite chains. In the 4,4-dimethyl-7-nitro derivative (4), C2/c, a = 19.365(4), b = 8.425(2), c = 13.464(4), β = 92.62(2), V = 2194.2(7) A3, the hydroxy group is pseudoaxial, and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding forms chains. Compared to the unmethylated compounds, the interbond angles within the ring at the dimethylated carbon are contracted.
A Genetic Algorithm for Channel Allocation Problem in Cognitive Radio Wireless Mesh Network

In order to improve the communication reliability of the cognitive radio mesh network and increase spectrum utilization, a spectrum allocation algorithm based on genetic algorithm in consideration of the power control is proposed in this paper. A network utility model is built for joint power and channel allocation, and a corresponding encoding rule is designed. To ensure the validity of bodies and the fast convergence to the best solution, crossover, mutation operator and control mechanism are designed separately. Extensive simulation results are presented to verify this approach.
Stoma, Mucous Fistula, Diverted Large Bowel, and Ileo-Rectal Anastomosis

Abstract Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has been the standard surgical treatment modality in ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis patients who require colectomy. The IPAA surgery requires additional procedures as parts of restorative proctocolectomy. Those procedures include diverting end ileostomy, diverting loop ileostomy, diverted rectum (i.e., the Hartmann procedure), and even mucous fistula. In addition, there are alternatives or rescue surgical procedures to IPAA, including subtotal colectomy with ileal rectal anastomosis and diverted ileal pouch. Various disease conditions can occur in those surgically altered bowels. Recognition and proper assessment is important for the accurate diagnosis and management of those disease conditions.