cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary vitrectomy for pseudophakic retinal detachment: a prospective non-randomized study.

PURPOSE. To compare the anatomic and functional results of primary vitrectomy alone or vitrectomy-scleral buckling for pseudophakic retinal detachment (RD). Vitrectomy permits a detailed view of the peripheral retina, so otherwise undetectable holes or additional small lesions can be found which, left untreated, may cause a residual RD. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Twenty-four consecutive pseudophakic eyes with pseudophakic RD were operated by vitrectomy and encircling band (Group I) and 27 additional cases were operated on by vitrectomy alone (Group II). Internal subretinal fluid drainage, using liquid perfluoro-n-octane, endolaser, and/or cryocoagulation and fluid-air exchange with SF 6 20%, was applied in all cases. Preoperative findings and intraoperative and postoperative complications as well as final results were analyzed. RESULTS. Preoperatively undetected retinal holes were identified in 7 of the 51 eyes and additional retinal holes were found in 21. The mean follow-up was 14 months for Group I and 11.5 months for Group II. The retina was successfully reattached with a single operation in 22 of 24 eyes (92%) in Group I. One eye had a recurrence of RD due to an unsuccessfully treated preexisting retinal tear. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was observed in one case with recurrence of RD. In both cases, a second operation achieved retinal reattachment. In Group II, the retinas were attached with a single operation and visual acuity improved by an average of four or more lines in 62.5% of the vitrectomy-buckling group and in 55.5% of the vitrectomy group. The most frequent complication was a transient hypertony, in 21 cases. CONCLUSIONS. Surgical treatment of pseudophakic RD, combining vitrectomy and scleral buckling or vitrectomy alone, achieves very good anatomic and functional results. The advantages include more efficient detection of the peripheral detachment causing retinal lesions, and a lower redetachment rate than after extraocular surgery only. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2003; 13: 298-306)
Effectiveness of Bowfin as a Predator on Bluegill in a Vegetated Lake

Abstract Adult bowfins Amia calva were reintroduced (initial density approximately 32 fish/ha) into Lake Winona, Minnesota, from 1984 to 1986 to evaluate their effectiveness in controlling overabundant, stunted bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and other sunfishes (centrarchids) in a system with extensive macrophyte beds. Bowfin catch rates (trap nets, gill nets and electrofishing) declined rapidly after reintroductions ended in 1986. Catch rates and growth rates of bluegill and black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus have not changed since bowfin reintroduction. In 1992, only adult bowfins (average age, 10 years; average weight, 2.4 kg) were captured in Lake Winona, and they were concentrated in or near dense macrophyte beds. The final population estimate for bowfin in the west basin was 114 fish (3.17 fish/ha). Captive bowfins exhibited no size selection when feeding on sunfish and consumed on average less than 5 sunfish/24 h. Bowfin consumption rates declined by 80% when the density of artificial vegetation e...
A holistic approach to promoting success on NCLEX-RN.

The nursing faculty at the State University of West Georgia views individuals as an integration of body-mind-spirit. Our program’s commitment complements efforts to teach students to honor the body, mind, and spirit of patients. Within this framework, faculty recognize that factors other than nursing knowledge impact students’ ability to pass NCLEX-RN. An intervention program was designed that incorporated these factors. “Preparation for Licensure” was implemented as a holistic nursing course to intervene with students’ learning and testing needs. The purpose was to increase self-awareness, promote a positive attitude toward passing the NCLEX-RN, and provide specific strategies for test taking and stress reduction. Posttest raw scores and percent correct on the Mosby Assess Test were significantly higher (p < .05) than pretest scores. Qualitative analysis of journal data exploring the students’ experience of participating in the course revealed three themes: Perfectionism, Self-Worth, and Consequences and...
Halorhodopsin, a light-driven electrogenic chloride-transport system

Cet expose resume les decouvertes concernant les halorhodopsines qui ont un rapport avec le transport ionique et en particulier le transport du chlore
Is apolipoprotein E4 an important risk factor for vascular dementia

Despite the fact that vascular dementia (VaD) represents the seconding leading cause of dementia in the USA, behind only Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there remains a lack of consensus on the pathological criteria required for diagnosis of this disease. A number of clinical diagnostic criteria exist but are poorly validated and inconsistently applied. It is clear that vascular risk factors play an important role in the etiology of VaD, including hypertension, stroke, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Vascular risk factors may increase the risk for VaD by promoting inflammation, cerebral vascular disease, white matter lesions, and hippocampal sclerosis. Because vascular risk factors seem to impart a high degree of risk for conferring VaD, it seems logical that the apolipoprotein E (APOE) status of individuals may be important. APOE plays a critical role in transporting cholesterol in and out of the CNS and in AD it is known that harboring the APOE allele increases the risk of AD perhaps due to the improper functioning of this protein. The purpose of this review is to examine the important pathological features and risk factors for VaD and to provide a critical assessment of the current literature regarding whether or not apoE4 also confers disease risk in VaD. The preponderance of data suggests that harboring one or both APOE4 alleles elevates the risk for VaD, but not to the same extent as found in AD.
Glycoprotein Synthesis and Embryonic Development

One of the most striking morphogenetic events during embryonic development is gastrulation, a process that leads to formation of the primitive gut. Using sea urchin embryos, we have studied the synthesis and function of glycoproteins during gastrulation. These studies have revealed that at least three processes are induced prior to gastrulation: de novo synthesis of dolichol; phosphorylation of dolichol by dolichol kinase, which may catalyze the final step in the de novo pathway; and initiation of the synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins. Whether or not activation of the glycosylation process results merely because of the production of dolichyl monophosphate or because, in addition, proteins containing glycosylatable-Asn-X-Ser/Thr-sequences are first translated just prior to gastrulation, is currently being investigated.
Comparison of 3 Different Releasable Suture Techniques in Trabeculectomy

PurposeThe use of releasable sutures provides an effective and simple way of titrating intraocular pressure (IOP) postoperatively. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcome of 3...
The Association Between Relationship Quality and Physical Health Across Racial and Ethnic Groups

The association between relationship quality and physical health is well established. We examined whether this association was similar across different races and ethnicities. Relationship quality and health were assessed in three national samples from the United States: the National Survey of American Life, the National Latino and Asian American Study, and the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (N = 9,020). Relationship quality was positively correlated with overall health across races and ethnicities; however, the association between relationship quality and specific health problems was inconsistent. Finally, there were no reliable differences between racial or ethnic groups in the magnitude of the relationship quality and physical health association.
Chapter 6 – Environmental Auditing

Environmental auditing is an essential part of an environmental management system’s “plan-do-check-act” cycle to check current performance and whether or not environmental goals are being met. There are various types of environmental audits, each differing based on audit requirements and who can perform the audit. Although there are many available standards for environmental audits, the most common standard is ISO 19011, which consists of six major steps. This chapter covers types, standards, and the steps for performing environmental audits. A thorough sample audit checklist for mining and mineral processing is also provided to assist in audit preparation.
Rapid development of high-level permethrin resistance in a field-collected strain of the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) under laboratory selection.

The development of permethrin resistance and its effect on existing resistance toward DDT, methomyl, and three organophosphates were examined in a strain of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). This strain was collected from a dairy near Horseheads, N.Y., after 4 years of localized permethrin spraying during which time no increase in permethrin resistance (from the basal level of 1.8-fold) was detected. Under laboratory selection, resistance to permethrin developed rapidly, attaining a 5,945-fold level by generation F22. Additionally, resistance to naled, methomyl, DDT, and dichlorvos significantly increased ( P ≤ 0.05) following permethrin selection, indicating that pressure by this insecticide can enhance further the existing cross- and multiple-resistance in the strain.
Viral Hepatitis: Progress and Problems

The recognition of viral hepatitis has been facilitated by the use of serologic studies for types A, B, and non-A, non-B. The course is best determined by serum enzyme determinations, followed by clearance studies of bile acids or dyes once the serum enzymes return to normal. In patients with persisting clinical or biochemical abnormalities and those in which the nature of the disease is not known, liver biopsy should be done.
Time Course Evaluation of Carotenoid and Retinol Concentrations in Posthatch Chick Tissue

Abstract Carotenoid and retinol concentrations were determined in chicks hatched from carotenoid-enriched eggs while being fed a carotenoid free starter diet. Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hatching eggs were obtained from breeder hens fed diets enriched with either 0.2% β-carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein, or basal control. Twenty-five day-old chicks hatched from each treatment group were placed in a battery and fed a carotenoid-free basal diet. At 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 d, five chicks per treatment were randomly selected, and blood serum, liver, and unabsorbed yolk sac were collected for carotenoid and retinol analysis. There were no significant differences in retinol concentrations in the serum, liver, and unabsorbed yolk sac of the chickens. Only small amounts of β-carotene were detected in the chick tissues. Concentration of all three carotenoids and retinol were greater in the liver and unabsorbed yolk sac than in serum. In the serum and liver, respective carotenoid concentrations decreased and retinol concentration increased with increasing age, whereas respective carotenoid and retinol concentrations in the unabsorbed yolk sac increased over time. It may be concluded that yolk sac carotenoids are not absorbed well, as unabsorbed yolk sac concentrations increased over time, and that carotenoid in serum and liver decrease linearly with increasing age.
Measures of Function and Health-related Quality of Life

Abstract National and international health agencies define health as physical, mental, and social well-being of an individual. Measurement of these domains poses a challenge to clinicians and researchers because administering tests is time consuming, and the information obtained include self-reports. Nonetheless, these measures of function, quality, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) are important to patients and are critical for quality care. Function is the usual or customary activities of a person. Functional status is the degree to which an individual can perform chosen roles without limitation in three key domains: physical, social, and psychocognitive. HRQL measurements assess a patient's perception of his/her ability to perform function as influenced by illness. General quality of life (QoL) is a reflection of overall satisfaction with life. This chapter discusses an approach to the selection and application of measures, using patient-reported outcomes that are designed to evaluate function, HRQL and QoL; and identifies valid, reliable, and sensitive instruments that have been used in clinical research. It presents the new techniques, item response theory, and computer adaptive testing, used in creating efficient and appropriate self-reports.
PREDICTION OF OIL WELL REMAINING RECOVERABLE RESERVES BY USING THE IMPROVED GM(1,1) MODEL

On the basis of study of the grey model, the paper presented the improved model. The new one can be used in more wide fields. The parameter is calculated by the genetic algorithm, which has powerful search function. The data used in the model are accumulated sequence of daily oil production rate, so that the generated one become more regular, and it satisfied grey exponential law, as is suitable for the improved grey model of GM(1,1). It has been testified by field case that the model needs less source data, but its prediction precision is relatively high. The new method is very simple to use, so it has a good value in oil field.
Darbepoetin alfa controversies, from dosage issues to safety concerns: the larger lesson.

Our paper, “Darbepoetin Alfa Administered Every 2 Weeks Alleviates Anemia in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy,” at the time of its publication almost a decade ago, was impactful and frequently cited.
Localization of rem2 in the central nervous system of the adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Rem2 is member of the RGK (Rem, Rad, and Gem/Kir) subfamily of the Ras superfamily of GTP binding proteins known to influence Ca2+ entry into the cell. In addition, Rem2, which is found at high levels in the vertebrate brain, is also implicated in cell proliferation and synapse formation. Though the specific, regional localization of Rem2 in the adult mammalian central nervous system has been well-described, such information is lacking in other vertebrates. Rem2 is involved in neuronal processes where the capacities between adults of different vertebrate classes vary. Thus, we sought to localize the rem2 gene in the central nervous system of an adult anamniotic vertebrate, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In situ hybridization using a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled RNA probe was used to identify the regional distribution of rem2 expression throughout the trout central nervous system, while real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) further supported these findings. Based on in situ hybridization, the regional distribution of rem2 occurred within each major subdivision of the brain and included large populations of rem2 expressing cells in the dorsal telencephalon of the cerebrum, the internal cellular layer of the olfactory bulb, and the optic tectum of the midbrain. In contrast, no rem2 expressing cells were resolved within the cerebellum. These results were corroborated by rtPCR, where differential rem2 expression occurred between the major subdivisions assayed with the highest levels being found in the cerebrum, while it was nearly absent in the cerebellum. These data indicate that rem2 gene expression is broadly distributed and likely influences diverse functions in the adult fish central nervous system.
Understanding the Impacts of Indirect Stakeholder Relationships – Stakeholder Value Network Analysis and Its Application to Large Engineering Projects

In order to understand the strategic implications of indirect stakeholder relationships on large engineering projects, this research develops a qualitative/quantitative network approach, namely the Stakeholder Value Network analysis, to model the multiple relationships between stakeholders as value exchanges. With theoretical support from the Social Exchange Theory, this approach unifies both social and economic relationships into a common framework and also defines network statistics to effectively measure indirect stakeholder influence in a “Network” model as against a more traditional “Hub-and-Spoke” model. The usefulness of this approach and the strategic implications of these network statistics are then demonstrated by a retrospective case study for a large real-world engineering project, with improved understanding of relationships management for various stakeholders. The retrospective case is conducted on a multi-billion dollar, 5-year upgrade and turnaround of a major chemical processing plant for a Global 500 firm. In addition, we discuss the synergy between the Stakeholder Value Network approach and Strategic Issue Management, and outline a feasible plan to integrate these two approaches as an important extension of the original framework of the Stakeholder Value Network analysis.
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake-Promoting Effects of Central Nervous System Stimulants

Pharmacological agents which increase dopaminergic neurotransmission by blocking dopamine re-uptake by the dopamine transporter (DAT), such as cocaine, amphetamines and modafinil, are potent wake-promoting substances in mammals and even in invertebrates such as Drosophila Melanogaster. In mammals, the cell bodies of dopamine neurons controlling the sleep-wake cycle are located in the midbrain and brainstem. Midbrain dopamine neurons express high levels of DAT and play a key role in emotional arousal in response to rewarding and aversive stimuli. They are strongly excited by wake-promoting neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and orexins/hypocretins. However, their mean firing rate does not change across the sleep-wake cycle. In contrast, wake-active brainstem dopamine neurons in the dorsal raphe/periaqueductal gray have low DAT levels and play a tonic role in controlling wakefulness. Dopamine neurons increase arousal by inhibiting the nucleus accumbens, by exciting wake-promoting basal forebrain cholinergic and brainstem serotonin neurons and by inhibiting sleep-promoting neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus. Dopamine acts on D1 type (D1, D5) and D2-type (D2, D3, D4) receptors. Both types are involved in promoting arousal but D2 receptors in the shell of the nucleus accumbens appear to be particularly important. Dopamine D4 receptors modulate the amplitude of cortical gamma band (30–80 Hz) oscillations important for attention and inhibit GABAergic inputs from the globus pallidus to the thalamic reticular nucleus. Dopaminergic agents are widely used in clinical practice to modulate alertness in sleep and other disorders involving disrupted cortical activation. Thus, further work on their mechanism of action is warranted.
TIP30 acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinogenesis

5557 TIP30, a Tat-interacting protein, also called CC3 is a metastasis suppressor for small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Ectopic expression of TIP30 promotes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis. Although TIP30 has several characteristic features of a tumor suppressor in in vitro analyses, tumor development as a result of TIP30 inactivation has not been demonstrated in vivo and abnormal expression of TIP30 in human cancer has not been reported. Using genetically-engineered mice we found that TIP30-deficient mice have a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumors (41%) compared to wild type TIP30 mice (0%). Also, loss of TIP30 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) enhances susceptibility to transformation by the SV40 large T antigen. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis indicates that reduced TIP30 expression is associated with 33% of human hepatocellular carcinomas. DNA sequencing indicated that some of these carcinomas harbor missense mutations in the TIP30 gene. Additionally by transient transfection of GFP-TIP30 and GFP-TIP30 mutant to hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, we found mutantions in TIP30 changed cellular localization of TIP30. Furthermore, western blot analysis and protein stability assay showed mutantions in TIP30 also reduced the half-life of TIP30 in HepG2 cells, thereby causing abnormal expression of TIP30. Taken together, these results suggest that the TIP30 gene is a tumor susceptibility gene which plays an important role in the suppression of hepatocarcinogenesis.
The Role of Race, Party ID, Metro Type, and Neighborhood Socio-Economic Context on Policy Preferences Among American Women

White women voters are typically characterized as "suburban soccer moms." Black women are typically lumped into the broad "urban voters" category, despite voting at a higher rate than all other female racial/ethnic groups in both 2008 and 2012. Latino and Asian American women voters remain understudied despite a growing voting eligible population and increasing geographic dispersion. Despite a diverse electorate and consistently high turnout rates, the amorphous "women issues" rhetoric raises questions about what public policies unify or divides women voters. We use the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Collaborative Multi-racial Post-Election Survey (CMPS), merged with aggregate level data from the US Census/5-year ACS, to examine the extent to which race, party ID, metropolitan type and neighborhood socio-economic context influences issue salience and policy preferences among women voters. Specifically, for African-American, Latino, Asian American and White female registered voters, we examine public opinion related to education, taxes, immigration, crime, and social welfare. Preliminary findings show a majority of women across all racial group, the largest perceptual gaps were found between White and Black women on tax policies and support for Affirmative Action. This research examines the evolving intra-gender dynamics and cleavages, while discussing ways women voters may shape the future of American politics.
Assessing Ellen Johnson Sirleaf’s Presidency: Effects on Substantive Representation in Liberia

In 2005, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became the first female elected head of state in Africa. In November 2011, she was reelected with over 90 percent of the vote after her main opponent Winston Tubman boycotted the second round of elections. This chapter examines how Liberian cultural and institutional structures affected Johnson Sirleaf’s campaigns and her time in office. The chapter also explores how Johnson Sirleaf has influenced Liberia’s gender culture and its institutional framework and to what extent she has achieved the policy goals established during her two campaigns. The first section focuses on Liberia’s gender culture. It is based on the analysis of Liberian media representations of Johnson Sirleaf and Tubman in the month prior to the second round elections. The second section focuses on Liberia’s political institutions, exploring how Liberia’s political system—characterized by a strong presidency and a weak party system—created opportunities and challenges for Johnson Sirleaf.
One Hundred Years after the Russian Revolution: Looking Back and Looking Forward

The Russian Revolution of October 1917 holds important lessons for the socialist movement today. To learn these lessons, it is necessary to have an accurate picture of both the achievements and the...
Mangroves, mudbanks and seawalls: whose environmental knowledge counts when adapting to sea level rise in Suriname?

Coastal communities in Suriname are highly vulnerable to sea level rise and will need to adapt. Global assessments of climate risk and vulnerability, such as IPCC reports, play an important role in the development of local adaptation policies. The aim of this article is to explore global and national discourses on climate change vulnerability and their local expressions in national policies. These discourses are juxtaposed with local understandings of vulnerability and adaptation possibilities. These different epistemologies are examined to understand how different knowledge claims and existing power structures lead to contested adaptation solutions. In Suriname, conflict arises in understandings of the coastal geomorphology and ecology of mangroves, and what role they play in adaptation to sea level rise. Conflicting environmental knowledges of mangrove ecology, species diversity, and their potential role in coastal erosion have led to conflict between the state and some local communities, resulting in potential maladaptations. New approaches for a 'situated environmental science' are explored to find more socially inclusive adaptation solutions. Key words: Adaptation, sea level rise, mangrove, seawall, knowledge, Suriname
Writing agrarian histories of the Roman world: seasonality and scale as tools of analysis

Agrarian labor history of Greco-Roman antiquity—indeed, labor history of the period more broadly—does not look very much like the agrarian labor histories of other periods. Many explanations might be adduced for why this is so, including the very particular circumstances that led to the development of ancient history as a discipline separate from (yet intimately related to) the humanistic intellectual traditions of classical studies in the last decades of the nineteenth century. But arguably the most fundamental constraining factor is the nature of the available evidence. Simply put, the wealthy, leisured elites responsible for the overwhelming bulk of the written materials available to us from the ancient Mediterranean world were emphatically uninterested in the sector of the population whose labor underpinned and sustained their privileged position.
Emotion: A Gateway to Wisdom Engineering

Our society is changing rapidly from a closed world with clearly defined boundaries, to an open world with no boundaries and with frequent and extensive changes. At the same time, design is changing from designer-centric to user-centric, and humans and machines must work together as a team. Therefore, satisfying individual human needs rather than mass needs is becoming increasingly important. Such changes call for cyclic and reflective engineering. Emotion will play an important role in providing us with motives for interaction and with guidelines for rationalizing our actions. In the future, wisdom will be crucial in engineering, and emotion will play a very important role in realizing this wisdom-based engineering.
Should we consider aldosterone as the primary screening target for preventing cardiovascular events

There has been a growing literature on the genomic and non-genomic effects of aldosterone contributing to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases during the past decades ([1][1]). However, it was not until the recent publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES) ([2][2]) and the
Adopting Real-Time Surveillance Dashboards as a Component of an Enterprisewide Medication Safety Strategy

Article-at-a-Glance Background High-alert medications are frequently responsible for adverse drug events and present significant hazards to inpatients, despite technical improvements in the way they are ordered, dispensed, and administered. Methods A real-time surveillance application was designed and implemented to enable pharmacy review of high-alert medication orders to complement existing computerized provider order entry and integrated clinical decision support systems in a tertiary care hospital. The surveillance tool integrated real-time data from multiple clinical systems and applied logical criteria to highlight potentially high-risk scenarios. Use of the surveillance system for adult inpatients was analyzed for warfarin, heparin and enoxaparin, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Results Among 28,929 hospitalizations during the study period, patients eligible to appear on a dashboard included 2,224 exposed to warfarin, 8,383 to heparin or enoxaparin, and 893 to aminoglycosides. Clinical pharmacists reviewed the warfarin and aminoglycoside dashboards during 100% of the days in the study period—and the heparin/enoxaparin dashboard during 71% of the days. Displayed alert conditions ranged from common events, such as 55% of patients receiving aminoglycosides were missing a baseline creatinine, to rare events, such as 0.1% of patients exposed to heparin were given a bolus greater than 10,000 units. On the basis of interpharmacist communication and electronic medical record notes recorded within the dashboards, interventions to prevent further patient harm were frequent. Conclusions Even in an environment with sophisticated computerized provider order entry and clinical decision support systems, real-time pharmacy surveillance of high-alert medications provides an important platform for intercepting medication errors and optimizing therapy.
The Application of Sensory Information and Multifunction Learning to Autonomous Manipulator Control

This paper describes a computer system which can learn to control a remote manipulator, including the ability to search for goals and subtasks and to carry out fine handling motions. The system is an expanded version of the Autonomous Control Subsystem described in an earlier publication. Like the earlier concept, the new system begins by observing the control actions of a human operator, and subsequently takes over control responsibility. Autonomous control functions are provided by a set of interconnected learning networks which relate the sensory experiences of the machine to the generation of arm and hand motions. For remote applications the computer can be pretrained to operate autonomously in a simulated environment and will adapt to unexpected changes in the actual working environment. The paper presents the mathematical basis of system design, and concludes with a discussion of advantages.
Role of Acid-Base Interactions in Inorganic Powder Dispersions and Composites

The dispersion of inorganic powders into polymer solutions or polymer melts requires strong exothermic interfacial interactions between the polymer and surface sites of the powder. These interactions tend to insure attachment of polymers to the entire surface of each particle, thereby minimizing any tendency to form the clumps which are so deleterious to the performance of magnetic, dielectric, or ceramic dispersions.
Carotid and vertebral injury study (CAVIS) technique for characterization of blunt traumatic aneurysms with reliability assessment.

Traumatic aneurysms occur in up to 20% of blunt traumatic extracranial carotid artery injuries. Currently there is no standardized method for characterization of traumatic aneurysms. For the carotid and vertebral injury study (CAVIS), a prospective study of traumatic cerebrovascular injury, we established a method for aneurysm characterization and tested its reliability. Saccular aneurysm size was defined as the greatest linear distance between the expected location of the normal artery wall and the outer edge of the aneurysm lumen (“depth”). Fusiform aneurysm size was defined as the “depth” and longitudinal distance (“length”) paralleling the normal artery. The size of the aneurysm relative to the normal artery was also assessed. Reliability measurements were made using four raters who independently reviewed 15 computed tomographic angiograms (CTAs) and 13 digital subtraction angiograms (DSAs) demonstrating a traumatic aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. Raters categorized the aneurysms as either “s...
K-Lyte® (Mead Johnson)

K-Lyte is a tablet containing potassium as the bicarbonate and the citrate. It is used as a potassium supplement.
Impact of cardiac- and noncardiac-related conditions on adverse outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction:

Background:To examine the impact of cardiac- and noncardiac-related conditions on the risk of hospital complications and 7- and 30-day rehospitalizations in older adult patients with an acute myoca...
Using screeners to measure respondent attention on self-administered surveys: Which items and how many?

Inattentive respondents introduce noise into data sets, weakening correlations between items and increasing the likelihood of null findings. “Screeners” have been proposed as a way to identify inattentive respondents, but questions remain regarding their implementation. First, what is the optimal number of Screeners for identifying inattentive respondents? Second, what types of Screener questions best capture inattention? In this paper, we address both of these questions. Using item-response theory to aggregate individual Screeners we find that four Screeners are sufficient to identify inattentive respondents. Moreover, two grid and two multiple choice questions work well. Our findings have relevance for applied survey research in political science and other disciplines. Most importantly, our recommendations enable the standardization of Screeners on future surveys.
Measures of Early Social Communication and Vocabulary Production to Predict Language Outcomes at Two and Three Years in Late-Talking Toddlers.

Abstract Background Late talkers are a heterogeneous group of toddlers and reliable predictors of persistent language delay have been elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which early social communication and vocabulary production predicted variance in language outcomes at 2 and 3 years of age. Methods Participants were 408 typically developing and late-talking toddlers who completed the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Caregiver Questionnaire and Behavior Sample (CSBS CQ and CSBS BS) at a mean of 20 months, the Language Development Survey (LDS) at a mean of 24 months, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at a mean of 25 months. A subgroup of 198 children completed a second MSEL at 3 years of age. Associations among the LDS, CSBS CQ, CSBS BS, and MSEL were examined using correlational and hierarchical linear regression analyses. Logistic regression was used to examine each measure’s contribution to predicting language delay at 2 and 3 years. Results Moderate to large correlations were observed among all variables. The LDS, CSBS CQ, and CSBS BS added unique contributions to the prediction of 2- and 3-year expressive and receptive language outcomes. Measures of speech and vocabulary production were the strongest predictors of language outcomes at age 2. At age 3, social and symbolic communication played a more significant role in accounting for variance in expressive and receptive language outcome. A similar pattern emerged for the categorical prediction of language delay. Conclusions Measures of social communication between 18–21 months added important information to predicting language outcomes at 2 and 3 years, above and beyond parent-reported expressive vocabulary production measured at 24 months, with small effect sizes overall. Implications for identifying younger children who are at risk for continued language delay and recommendations for referral to early intervention programs are discussed.
Outcomes in three cases after brivaracetam treatment during pregnancy

Background Use of certain antiseizure drugs (ASDs) during pregnancy increases the risk of major congenital malformations, while less is known about newer ASDs. Based on the safety of levetiracetam, brivaracetam may be similarly safe in pregnancy; however, no cases have been published to date. Aims of the study We retrospectively identified three women with epilepsy treated with brivaracetam during pregnancy and described the maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods We reviewed the patients' medical records as well as the linked medical records of their infants to identify complications during pregnancy and delivery, neonatal complications, and evidence of major/minor congenital malformations. Results Our series included one woman with idiopathic generalized epilepsy and two women with focal epilepsy (brivaracetam doses ranging from 50 to 200 mg daily). One patient with focal epilepsy experienced breakthrough seizures, and lamotrigine was added to brivaracetam. The other women had no neurologic complications during pregnancy. All three women had full-term deliveries without significant complications. Three healthy infants were born with Apgar scores of 9 and 9 and no major congenital malformations. Three minor congenital malformations were observed in two infants. Conclusions While the absence of major congenital malformations in these cases is encouraging, further data are needed to determine the safety of brivaracetam in pregnancy.
Over-The-Counter Availability of Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraception in Pharmacies on Oahu.

Since the United States Food and Drug Administration’s approval of over-the-counter levonorgestrel emergency contraception, access to this time-sensitive medication has improved. However, multiple barriers, including the cost of the medication and pharmacy availability, still exist. The objective of this study was to determine the over-the-counter availability of levonorgestrel emergency contraception in pharmacies on Oahu, Hawaii. We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study using in-person simulated patient encounters at all pharmacies on Oahu. Out of 109 chain pharmacies and 13 independent pharmacies, 102 (84%) pharmacies had levonorgestrel emergency contraception available over the counter. Of pharmacies in which it was available, 12.7% required an employee to unlock the medication, 37.3% required the medication to be unlocked at the register, 29.4% were packaged in a large plastic box, and 3.9% were packaged in a blister pack. Levonorgestrel emergency contraception is widely available as an over-the-counter medication in pharmacies on Oahu, yet there are packaging and display practices that make it less accessible. Many of these practices could be improved with pharmacy education or changes in store policies. Systems-based interventions are needed to improve the access to levonorgestrel emergency contraception as an over-the-counter medication.
The effects of Intimate Partner Violence and a history of Childhood Abuse on Mental Health and Stress during Pregnancy.

Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are temporally distinct risk factors that negatively impact mothers and their offspring. Risk associated with ACEs and IPV begin during pregnancy, a period of increased physical and psychological demands. The current study examined a person-centered method to empirically identify profiles of pregnant women based on type and severity of ACEs and past-year IPV. Profiles were then differentiated on psychosocial functioning indicators. A primarily Latinx, low socioeconomic sample of women (n = 225) completed measures assessing ACEs and past-year IPV, perceived and experienced stress, emotion regulation, and trauma-related symptoms during their third trimester. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify unique profiles of women based on seven dimensional indicators reflecting threat- and deprivation-based ACEs and IPV. A 4-class solution best fit the data: (1) low probability of ACEs or IPV (64.9%), (2) childhood neglect-only (20.4%), (3) childhood abuse/neglect (10.2%), and (4) polytrauma characterized by a combination of childhood abuse, neglect, and IPV (4.4%). Women with the “childhood abuse/neglect” or “polytrauma” profiles reported more stress and symptoms than women with the “low exposure” profile. Women in the “childhood neglect-only” profile were generally similar to women in the “low exposure” profile, but did report greater difficulties in emotion regulation. These results suggest that childhood abuse and IPV, exposure types involving threat, are potent correlates of stress, emotion regulation, and mental health difficulties during pregnancy. However, exposure characterized by deprivation alone generally did not increase difficulties.
Pectoralis major tendon and enthesis: anatomic, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonographic, and histologic investigation

Background This study evaluates the pectoralis major (PM) tendon humeral insertion, using imaging and histologic assessment in cadaveric specimens. Current descriptions of the pectoralis major tendon depict a bilaminar enthesis, and clarification of the anatomy is important for diagnostic and surgical considerations. Materials and Methods Fourteen fresh-frozen whole upper extremity specimens were used in this study. Magnetic resonance (MRI) and ultrasonographic (US) imaging of the PM muscles, tendons, and entheses were performed, followed by anatomic dissection and inspection. Morphology of the lateral tendon and entheses were evaluated, focused on the presence of layers. In 11 specimens, the lateral 3 cm of the PM tendon was carefully dissected from the footprint, whereas in 3 specimens, the tendon and humeral insertion were preserved and removed en bloc. Histology was performed in axial slabs along the medial-lateral length of the tendon and also evaluated for the presence of layers. Results The superior-inferior and medial-lateral lengths of the PM footprint were 75 ± 9 mm and 7 ± 1 mm respectively. In all specimens, the clavicular and sternal head muscles and tendons were identified, with the clavicular head tendon generally being shorter. The medial-lateral length of the clavicular head tendon measured 19 ± 8 mm superiorly and 9 ± 3 mm inferiorly. The medial-lateral length of the sternal head tendon measured 38 ± 8 superiorly and 41 ± 18 mm inferiorly. All specimens demonstrated a unilaminar, not bilaminar, enthesis with abundant fibrocartilage on histology. Three specimens demonstrated interspersed entheseal fat and loose connective tissue at the enthesis on MRI and histology. Conclusion The PM tendon humeral insertion consists of a unilaminar fibrocartilaginous enthesis. US, MRI, and histology failed to identify true tendon layers at the enthesis. Delaminating injuries reported in the literature may originate from a location other than the enthesis.
Documentation of the File Drawer Problem at Finance Conferences: A Follow-Up Study

1. Manoela N. Morais 1. is a graduate student in the department of finance at Pace University in New York. (mm78341n{at}pace.edu) 2. Matthew R. Morey 1. is professor in the department of finance at Pace University in New York. (mmorey{at}pace.edu) 1. To order reprints of this article, please contact David Rowe at d.rowe{at}pageantmedia.com or 646-891-2157. The file drawer problem is a publication bias where journal editors are much more likely to accept empirical papers with statistically significant results than those with statistically nonsignificant results. As a result, papers that have nonsignificant results are not published and relegated to the file drawer, never to be seen by others. In a previous paper, Morey and Yadav (2018), examined the file drawer problem in finance journals and found evidence that strongly suggests that such a publication bias exists in finance journals. In this follow-up study, we examine the prevalence of the file drawer problem at finance conferences. As such we are the first article in finance that we know of to attempt such an analysis. To do this, we examine every single empirical paper presented at the annual Financial Management Association (FMA) conference from 2014–2018. In an examination of 3,425 empirical papers, we found less than one-half of one percent of these papers had statistically nonsignificant results. These results suggest that there is also a significant file drawer problem at finance conferences. TOPIC: [Statistical methods][1] Key Findings [1]: https://www.iijournals.com/topic/statistical-methods
Review of Literature on Performance of Coastal Residential Buildings under Hurricane Conditions and Lessons Learned

AbstractCoastal residential buildings have suffered significant damage during recent hurricanes, which illustrates the poor performance of coastal structures. This paper reviews the performance of ...
π-Orbital Yin-Yang Kagome bands in anilato-based metal-organic frameworks.

π-Orbital bonding plays an important role not only in traditional molecular science and solid-state chemistry but also in modern quantum physics and materials, such as the relativistic Dirac states formed by bonding and antibonding π-bands in graphene. Here, we disclose an interesting manifestation of π-orbitals in forming the Yin–Yang Kagome bands, which host potentially a range of exotic quantum phenomena. Based on first-principles calculations and tight-binding orbital analyses, we show that the frontier π2- and π3-orbitals in anilato-based metal–organic frameworks form concurrently a conduction and valence set of Kagome bands, respectively, but with opposite signs of lattice hopping to constitute a pair of enantiomorphic Yin and Yang Kagome bands, as recently proposed in a diatomic Kagome lattice. The twisted configuration of neighboring benzene-derived organic ligands bridged by an octahedrally O-coordinated metal ion is found to play a critical role in creating the opposite sign of lattice hopping for the π2- versus π3-orbitals. Our finding affords a new material platform to study π-orbital originated quantum chemistry and physics.
A Tale of Two Marxisms: Remembering Erik Olin Wright (1947–2019)*:

Intended to capture the entangled history of Marxism, Alvin Gouldner’s two Marxisms also frame the intellectual biography of Erik Olin Wright. In the 1970s Wright’s Scientific and Critical Marxisms...
A modified NHPA Section 110 Class II inventory using LiDAR imagery to locate historic-era homesteads and irrigation features of the lower Gros Ventre River floodplain terrace and Ditch Creek alluvial fan within Grand Teton National Park, Teton County, WY

GIS analysis of LiDAR imagery facilitated the completion of a modified NHPA Section 110 Class II survey and inventory. The identification and recordation of 58 new archaeological sites, 21 isolated finds, and 18 updated site records in the vicinity of the Mormon Row Historic District (MRHD; 48TE1444) has led to a recommendation that the landscape and the resources be collectively nominated and designated as a Rural Historic Landscape (RHL). The fieldwork was accomplished using a newly invented method called iterology that takes into account ideology, technology, historical ecology, and the archival/archaeological record in an iterative process (back and forth) across scales, dimensions, and intersections of cultural resources within a landscape in an effort to locate the object of Mormonideological desire in the archaeological record. One can locate the object of ideological desire in the archaeological record if certain assumptions are accepted and protocols followed. The result of the fieldwork and analysis is the location of the object as well as the production of a Doctoral dissertation outlining the methods and theory needed to arrive at the conclusions and results. The object is the Mormon Irrigation Pattern, first observed in LiDAR imagery at Mormon Row. Featured photo by Tim Peterson on Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/Ab6ksdu5Q7k