cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scenario Partitioning Methods for Two-Stage Stochastic Generation Expansion under Multi-Scale Uncertainty

Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) can inform regulation, electricity market design, and regional system planning by identifying adaptive investment strategies. Relevant uncertainties include hourly variability in load and renewable generation and decadal-scale uncertainty in technology, markets, and regulation. A multi-stage and multi-scale stochastic GEP model that represents these uncertainties at sufficient resolution becomes intractable. We present an approach for representing this multi-scale uncertainty, and compare it to existing methods, applied to a two-stage stochastic GEP model with a cumulative carbon emission target. For long-term uncertainty, we compare partitioning methods, which reduce the number of decision variables but retain all scenarios, to representative scenario methods, which retain only a subset of the original scenarios. For short-term uncertainty, we compare methods that select representative weeks based on distance metrics in the parameter space to methods that use the covariance of outcomes across feasible decisions to select weeks. We find that scenario reduction methods struggle to find the appropriate investment levels for variable renewable generation and consequently produce more costly plans than scenario partitioning methods. While simple approximating methods perform well with larger models, covariance based approximations have the best performance overall.
Observing Driver Behavior Using Doppler Shift and UID from 5.8GHz RFID Active Tags

In this paper, we demonstrate an approach of extracting Doppler profiles from RFID readers. We validate our method by interrogating a custom semi-passive 5.8GHz RFID tag on board a vehicle while observing the Doppler profile created from the vehicle body. The unique Doppler profiles created by various driving behaviors can be associated with unique identifiers backscattered from RFID tags. For electronic toll systems, this method of RFID could reduce the need for both cameras and RFID scanners in many highway environments, increasing driver privacy and creating safer roadways.
Methods for Constructing Coded DNA Languages

The set of all sequences that are generated by a biomolecular protocol forms a language over the four letter alphabet Δ={A,G,C,T}. This alphabet is associated with a natural involution mapping θ, A↦T and G↦C which is an antimorphism of Δ*. In order to avoid undesirable Watson-Crick bonds between the words (undesirable hybridization), the language has to satisfy certain coding properties. In this paper we build upon an earlier initiated study and give general methods for obtaining sets of code words with the same properties. We show that some of these code words have enough entropy to encode {0,1}* in a symbol-to-symbol mapping.
Listening Publics: The Politics and Experience of Listening in the Media Age by Kate Lacey

Two statements early in Lacey's book may help the reader, especially the reader who is interested in listening, to understand the author's interests and emphases in relation to listening publics. I...
Infinite Cylindrical Dielectric‐Coated Antenna

A cylindrical antenna of infinite length imbedded in a concentric dielectric rod has been studied in detail by using a Fourier transform technique. The antenna radius is held constant while the thickness of the dielectric rod is varied over a wide range. The results have been compared against the corresponding properties of an infinite antenna in free space. It is found that the presence of the dielectric gives rise to a transmission current in addition to the radiation current. Increasing the thickness of the dielectric layer tends to increase the transmission current, decrease the radiation current and made the radiation pattern more broadside.
Is preference a predictor of enrichment efficacy in Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis nigra)

It is widely acknowledged that environmental enrichment plays an important role in promoting the welfare of captive animals. However, a topic of debate is whether an animal's preference for an enrichment strategy is any indicator of its efficacy. In addition, relatively few studies have evaluated environmental enrichment strategies for non-mammalian species. In the present study, we compared the results of an observational evaluation of enrichment efficacy with the results of a paired-stimulus preference assessment for three Galapagos tortoises. In the observational study, object enrichment (boomer balls and a free-flowing sprinkler) and keeper interactions (shell scrubbing and neck rubbing) were evaluated systematically for their effects on locomotion, species-typical behavior, aggressive and non-aggressive conspecific interactions, and enclosure. Preference assessments were subsequently conducted in which subjects could choose the enrichment strategy to be implemented. All subjects preferred keeper interactions consistently over object enrichment. Our results suggest that enrichment preference was a variable predictor of efficacy across enrichment species-typical behavior, activity levels, enclosure use, and aggressive and non-aggressive conspecific interactions strategies. Preference predicted efficacy for promoting species-typical behavior (1/3 subjects), activity levels (2/3 subjects), and enclosure use (2/3 subjects), but not conspecific interactions (0/3 subjects). The results suggest that preference may be an efficient predictor of enrichment efficacy when daily observational evaluations are not practical; however, the predictive utility of preference assessments may depend on the behavioral goal of the enrichment strategy. We discuss the need for future research examining the relationship between preference and enrichment efficacy-as well as other potential indicators of enrichment effectiveness-in captive animals.
Randomized controlled trial of the effect of 30% versus 80% fraction of inspired oxygen on cesarean delivery surgical site infection.

Objective To determine if supplemental perioperative oxygen will reduce surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean delivery. Methods This is a randomized, controlled trial evaluating SSI following either 30% or 80% fraction of inspired oxygen (F io 2 ) during and 2 hours after cesarean delivery. Anesthesia providers administered F io 2 via a high-flow oxygen blender. Subjects, surgeons, and wound evaluation teams were blinded. Serial wound evaluations were performed. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models, Fisher exact test, and t test. Results In all, 179 women were randomized, and 160 subjects were included in the analysis. There were 12/83 (14.5%) SSIs in the control group versus 10/77 (13.0%) in the investigational group ( p = 0.82). Caucasian race, increased body mass index, and longer operative time were identified as significant risk factors for infection ( p = 0.026, odds ratio 0.283; p = 0.05, odds ratio = 1.058; p = 0.037, odds ratio = 1.038, respectively). Conclusion Perioperative oxygenation with 80% F io 2 is not effective in reducing SSI following cesarean delivery.
Cocrystalline salts of alkynoic acids. II. the crystal and molecular structure of 5-bromo-2-aminopyridinium propynoate

Abstract A new cocrystalline salt, 5-bromo-2-aminopyridinium propynoate 7, has been synthesized. Inspection of the crystal structure reveals that the packing differs markedly from that of the chemically analogous species 2-aminopyridinium propynoate 1. While 1 undergoes a thermally-induced Michael addition reaction in the solid state, compound 7 is thermally stable. The lack of similarity between the crystal structures of 1 and 7 may arise from a set of favorable, infinite Br⋯Br interactions (3.82–3.84 A). Short contacts between acetylenic carbon atoms are also characterized and discussed.
The role of dispersed phase morphology on toughening of epoxies

The use of structural core/shell latex particles as toughening agents provides a model system which allows independent control of several key factors that influence the fracture toughness of modified plastics. This paper focuses on varying the shell composition of poly(butadiene-co-styrene) [P(B-S)] core/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PPMA) shell particles by incorporating acrylonitrile (AN) comonomer into the PMMA shell at various AN/MMA ratios and by crosslinking of the shell at various AN/MMA ratios. It was found that the degree of particle dispersability in the epoxy matrix can be precisely controlled by the AN content in the PMMA shell and by crosslinking the PMMA in the shell. It was also found that the degree of particle dispersability plays a crucial role on the fracture toughness of the modified epoxies. A microclustered morphology provides a much higher toughness than a uniform particle distribution.
The policy effectiveness of open market operations in the 1920s

Abstract This paper tests high tide and reserve position hypotheses about the effect of Federal Reserve open market operations on Federal Reserve credit and the money supply during the 1920s. The evidence supports the reserve position hypothesis that open market sales (purchases) led to increases (decreases) in member bank borrowing from the Fed that kept Federal Reserve credit constant. Federal Reserve banks could not use open market operations to control their own assets, much less the macroeconomy during this decade.
Acute myocardial infarction after ergonovine administration for uterine bleeding.

Abstract Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy and in the postpartum period is a rare occurrence of uncertain etiology. 1 It has been reported in women with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension. 2 In women with normal coronary angiograms, however, no clear and consistent etiology can be found. A few cases did involve patients receiving ergot derivatives, but the events were poorly documented and established only by retrospective association. We report a patient who sustained an acute myocardial infarction after receiving methylergonovine for excessive uterine bleeding after a first trimester spontaneous abortion. The cardiac event was promptly recognized and treated, resulting in a relatively benign postmyocardial infarction course.
Methylxanthines Increase Expression of the Splicing Factor SRSF2 by Regulating Multiple Post-transcriptional Mechanisms

We have previously reported that the methylxanthine caffeine increases expression of the splicing factor SRSF2, the levels of which are normally controlled by a negative autoregulatory loop. In the present study we have investigated the mechanisms by which methylxanthines induce this aberrant overexpression. RT-PCR analyses suggested little impact of caffeine on SRSF2 total mRNA levels. Instead, caffeine induced changes in the levels of SRSF2 3′ UTR splice variants. Although some of these variants were substrates for nonsense-medicated decay (NMD), and could potentially have been stabilized by caffeine-mediated inhibition of NMD, down-regulation of NMD by a genetic approach was not sufficient to reproduce the phenotype. Furthermore, cell-based assays demonstrated that some of the caffeine-induced variants were intrinsically more efficiently translated than others; the addition of caffeine increased the translational efficiency of most SRSF2 transcripts. MicroRNA array analyses revealed a significant caffeine-mediated decrease in the expression of two SRSF2-targeting miRs, both of which were shown to repress translation of specific SRSF2 splice variants. These data support a complex model whereby caffeine down-regulates SRSF2-targeting microRNAs, leading to an increase in SRSF2 translation, which in turn induces SRSF2 splicing. SRSF2 splice variants are then stabilized by caffeine-mediated NMD inhibition, breaking the normal negative feedback loop and allowing the aberrant increase in SRSF2 protein levels. These findings highlight the complexity of SRSF2 gene regulation, and suggest ways in which SRSF2 expression may be dysregulated in disease.
Call for Papers---Interfaces Special Issue: Operations Research in Freight Transportation and Logistics

Transportation and Logistics have a growing importance in a global economy. As parts and products travel longer distances over more modes of transport, supply chains become more fragile, complex, and costly to manage. As transportation and logistics costs rise in importance, inventory, handling, lot size, and mode choice decisions have a larger effect on corporate profitability. From public welfare perspective, secure and sustainable world freight transport system concerns must be balanced with efficient transportation and logistics networks. Operations research can play a critical role in designing, operating, and improving freight transportation and logistics systems. Accordingly, Interfaces is planning a special issue focusing on the application of operations research techniques on freight transportation and logistics. Papers should fall into one of following categories: • An application with a verification letter from the company or organization using the results • A novel literature review of operations research related to freight transportation and logistics • A novel tutorial emphasizing the practical implementation of transportation and logistics systems
Increased carbohydrate intake as a function of insulin administration in rats

Abstract Patterns of dietary self-selection were examined in male rats following subcutaneous injections of NPH insulin. Self-selection animals received separate dietary sources of protein, carbohydrate and fat, while single diet animals received ground Purina Rodent Chow. Food intakes and body weights were measured daily. In comparison to non-injected animals, both self-selection and single-diet animals displayed similar increases in caloric intakes and body weights in response to insulin administration. In animals maintained on the self-selection regime, the increase in caloric intake was solely a function of an increase in carbohydrate intake. Neither protein intake nor fat intake varied as a function of insulin administration. While fat intake remained stable in insulin-injected animals, non-injected self-selection animals gradually increased fat consumption throughout the experiment. Termination of insulin administration for all animals led to decreases in caloric intake below the levels of non-injected animals. Again, modification in caloric intakes in selecting animals were primarily a consequence of altered carbohydrate intake. Patterns of dietary self-selection in insulin-injected animals are contrasted to patterns of selection in other forms of experimental obesity.
The Wake of Hurricane Allen in the Western Gulf of Mexico

Abstract In August 1980, Hurricane Allen passed over a moored array of instruments recording current, temperature and conductivity in the western Gulf of Mexico. An alongshore surge occurred during the storm passage, with the horizontal current speed reaching 91 cm s−1 in the thermocline (200 m) and diminishing to 15 cm s−1 32 m above the bottom (732 m). A wake of near-inertial frequency internal waves commenced after the storm passed the array. The alongshore current oscillation reached a maximum range of 50 cm s−1 within 3 days and decayed thereafter with a time scale of about 5 days. The current oscillations were clockwise-polarized and slightly elliptical, with a period of 22–23 h or about 85% of the local inertial period. Near-uniform upwelling of ±20 m occurred in the thermocline region (200–300 m) during the most intense part of the wake. Depth-leading phases of the horizontal current and temperature oscillations indicated downward radiation of wake energy. The wake oscillations were highly coheren...
The interaction of cadmium and zinc ions with thiol-substituted dextrans

Abstract Water-soluble, inert polymers with attached monothiol ligands were prepared and used to determine the binding parameters of the reagents normally accepted as being diagnostic for enzymatic dithiols. The measurements were carried out by procedures which permitted direct comparison with enzyme inhibition data. The monothiol polymers were N-(N-acetyl) homocysteinyl aminoethoxy dextran, N-thiolbutyryl aminoethoxy dextran, and O-thiolsuccinyl dextran. The binding parameters of the monothiol polymers with cadmium and zinc were determined by equilibrium dialysis and by spectrophotometric techniques. Cadmium is bound by monothiol polymers approximately two orders of magnitude more firmly than zinc. At low free metal ion concentrations, a complex of three thiol groups per metal ion appears to be formed. As the metal ion concentration is increased, this 3:1 complex reforms into one characterized by a 2:1 stoichiometry. There are no major differences in the binding properties of N-(N-acetyl) homocysteinyl aminoethoxy dextran, N-thiolbutryl aminoethoxy dextran, and O-thiolsuccinyl dextran.
The Naive Reader: Anarchy or Self-Reliance?

Though literary theorists have increasingly placed the reader at the center of the literary transaction, the expert or ideal reader has received far more attention than the naive real reader often found in ordinary settings. This neglect is usually justified with the argument that, being outside the institutional framework of criticism and literary study, the naive reader is likely to respond in a mode of anarchy, of mere subjective chaos. This article reports the results of a project showing that when such readers are encouraged to be self-reliant and creative, their responses are far more likely to be systematic and coherent.
And Gladly Teach Religion

HE average cultured American citizen expects religion to baptize him when he enters this world and to bury him with proper blessing when he departs therefrom. He assumes that religion is a major factor in his life, yet he makes little provision for it in his education. A student may leave college skilled in science, fine arts, and social science, but untutored and weak in religion. He may become the dominating layman in his local church, but move on into old age holding still the religious concepts and attitudes which he acquired in pre-adolescent Sunday School. Aware that college should awaken and motivate latent potentiality, teachers of religion perennially face this basic question: how can the well-meaning but frequently lackadaisical college student become more religiously literate?
Seismic code analysis of multi‐storey asymmetric buildings

Static torsional provisions in most seismic codes require that the lateral force at each floor level be applied at some distance from the reference centre at that floor. However, codes do not specify how to determine the locations of these centres. As a result, several different definitions of the reference centres are being used to implement the code analysis. This investigation examined how the results using various reference centres differ and which of these centres would lead to results that are in agreement with those of dynamic analysis. For this purpose three different buildings ranging form torsionally stiff to torsionally flexible were analysed. It was shown that for the class of buildings studied in this investigation that although the locations of the reference centres were quite different, the results were very similar and nearly independent of the reference centre. Comparison of results calculated from static code equivalent lateral force procedures and results from dynamic response spectrum analyses showed that the static code procedures led to design forces very close (flexible wall) or slightly conservative (stiff wall) when compared to the dynamic analysis for the torsionally stiff building. However, the static code procedures significantly underestimated the design forces of the stiff walls and significantly overestimated the design forces of the flexible walls for the torsionally flexible buildings.
Mathematics & Common Sense: A Case of Creative Tension

From the Preface: "This book is addressed to all who are curious about the nature of mathematics and its role in society. It is neither a text book nor a specialists' book. It consists of a number of loosely linked essays that may be read independently and for which I have tried to provide a leitmotif by throwing light on the relationship between mathematics and common sense. In these essays I hope to foster a critical attitude towards both the existence of common sense in mathematics and the ambiguous role that it can play."
Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer

The development and optimization of high-throughput screening methods has identified a multitude of genetic changes associated with human disease. The use of immunodeficient and genetically engineered mouse models that mimic the human disease has been crucial in validating the importance of these genetic pathways in prostate cancer. These models provide a platform for finding novel therapies to treat human patients afflicted with prostate cancer as well as those who have debilitating bone metastases. In this paper, we focus on the historical development and phenotypic descriptions of mouse models used to study prostate cancer. We also comment on how closely each model recapitulates human prostate cancer.
PPARα: Savior or savage?

The nuclear receptor PPARα is activated by drugs used to decrease heart disease risk by improving circulating lipids. New findings indicate that PPARα may decrease vascular disease by promoting the activity of a tumor suppressor in smooth muscle cells, a surprising mechanism since PPARα causes tumors in rodents.
Yeast protein farnesyltransferase. Binding of S-alkyl peptides and related analogues.

Protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) catalyzes alkylation of cysteine residues by farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). The dissociation constants for the PFTase·peptide analogue complexes for the series of ...
Commentary on “an empirical study of moral reasoning among managers”

Managerial reasoning is characteristic of a care-relationship ethics: Such an ethic is appropriate, given employees' tremendous personal contributions, the unique position of private industry to provide distinctive resources without committing extensive social resources, and due to its potential for reducing managerial moral fragmentation and hypocrisy.
First responders: problems and solutions: communications

Abstract This paper presents the narrative briefed at the “Engineering the Protection of Our Cities” Conference at Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY on 7 October 2002. DOB in supporting the new war on Terrorism within this country has vital engineering expertise, equipments and technologies that can assist the first responders. Particularly in the area of communications the distinct analogy of how the US Army is equipping the individual war fighter is very similar to that equipment needed by the police, firemen, EMS personnel, etc. Both need to operate within the urban environment, within the buildings and knowing where each is located. Several ongoing R&D and fielded communications solutions are described as potential solutions for the first responders.
Effects of light and an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in chick pineal gland.

Pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is the enzyme that catalyzes the production of N-acetylserotonin from serotonin and is the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of melatonin in the chick pineal gland. Chick pineal NAT activity is decreased by light and by noradrenergic agents that act at the alpha-2-adrenergic receptor. Light-induced inhibition of nocturnal NAT activity can be demonstrated by exposing 4-day-old chicks to light, or by exposing pineal gland expiants cultured in vitro either to light or to UK 14,304 (an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist). The inhibition by either light or UK 14,304 is preceded by a transient, but consistent rise in NAT activity. The paradoxical, transient light-induced rise in enzyme activity is mimicked by UK 14,304 which suggests a similarity in mechanisms of light and adrenergic signal transduction associated with the regulation of NAT activity.
Low-temperature phase decomposition in metal from iron, stony-iron, and stony meteorites

The microstructure of the outer taenite rim and cloudy zone of meteoritic metal was investigated using high resolution scanning electron microscopy and analytical electron microscopy. The micro-structure is formed by a series of complex phase transformations at <-400°C. These transformations are interpreted using the Fe-Ni phase diagram. The outermost subzone (zone 1) of the outer taenite rim is composed of two single-phase layers, Ni3Fe and FeNi (tetrataenite). The Ni3Fe phase appears at the border between kamacite and the outer taenite rim. The inner two subzones (zones 2 and 3) in the outer taenite rim are two-phase with a matrix of tetrataenite and low Ni bcc precipitates. The three zone structure is a general feature in the outer taenite rim of metal particles in all major types of meteorites. The cloudy zone is composed of an island region and a bcc single phase honeycomb region containing ∼9.0 wt% Ni. The island region is a two-phase mixture of a L10 ordered fee tetrataenite matrix and low-Ni bee precipitates. The high-Ni taenite region, γ2, resulting from the monotectoid reaction, γ1 → α + γ2 at 400°C remains as a supersaturated solid solution to lower temperatures and corresponds metallographically to the outer taenite rim. The width of the outer taenite rim varies inversely with the cooling rate of the meteorite. The γ′, Ni3Fe, phase is formed when the high-Ni γ2 phase containing ∼53 wt% Ni undergoes an eutectoid reaction, γ2 → α + γ′ at about 345°C. The cloudy zone develops by spinodal decomposition below 350°C. Metastable γ2 island region of high Ni content and metastable γ1 honeycomb region of low Ni content are formed. The size of the constituents of the cloudy zone increases with increasing Ni content because the higher Ni regions enter the spinodal region at higher temperatures. The precipitates in the island region of the cloudy zone and in zones 2 and 3 of the outer taenite rim have essentially the same Ni content (14.2–14.7 wt%) and form at lower temperatures when the Ni content of γ2 is located in the γ1 + γ2 miscibility gap but outside the spinodal. If cooling rates or metamorphic reheating is to be studied at or below 400°C, the low temperature phase transformations must be considered. Improvement in simulation models will be difficult to make, however, because the diffusion rates in ordered FeNi, tetrataenite, and ordered Ni3Fe are not known.
Sexual Dimorphisms in the Associations of BMI and Body Fat with Indices of Pubertal Development in Girls and Boys

Context: The effect of obesity and concomitant insulin resistance on pubertal development is incompletely elucidated. Objective: To determine how measures of adiposity and insulin resistance are associated with pubertal maturation in boys and girls. Setting and Design: Breast and pubic hair Tanner stage and testicular volume by orchidometry were determined by physical examination in 1066 children. Ovarian volume was estimated by trans-abdominal ultrasound. Fat mass, skeletal age, and fasting serum for insulin and glucose, total T, estradiol, estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and androstenedione were measured at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center. Convenience sample; 52% obese, 59% female. Results: Logistic regression identified a significant interaction between sex and obesity for prediction of pubertal development (P ≤ .01). There was a negative association between boys' testicular volume and body mass index (BMI)/fat mass but a positive association between girls' breast st...
Evaluation of a rapid theophylline test strip assay in the emergency department setting

Test strips recently have become available to measure theophylline levels. One such test strip (AccuLevel ® ) had not been tested in an actual clinical situation with nontechnician personnel. We prospectively evaluated the test strip on consecutive emergency department patients, comparing it with the agglutination inhibition method used by our hospital laboratory. Nurses and medics who ran the test were given only a brief demonstration and explanation of the manufacturer's instructions. The 61 test strip levels correlated highly with the laboratory results (r = 0.92, slope=0.89, y-intercept = 0.99). The test strip results were available in less time (mean of 0.51 hours vs 1.89 hours for the laboratory, P
Making sense of terrorism

In the early sixteenth century, Nicolaus Copernicus explained inconsistencies in Ptolemaic astrological theory by arguing that the sun, rather than the earth, was at the center of our universe. In so doing, Copernicus met great social and scientific resistance. His writings were suppressed, and many of his followers worked in secrecy until the late seventeenth century when the system of celestial mechanics, accredited to Isaac Newton, retired the Ptolemaic System as obsolete.
Self-consistent field simulations of self- and directed-assembly in a mixed polymer brush

While self-assembling block copolymer thin films have attracted attention as a promising high resolution lithographic tool, the self assembly of mixed polymer brushes for lithography is relatively unexplored. Here we study the directed self-assembly of a mixed polymer brush using self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations. Using the model equations and numerical methods introduced and verified in our previous study, the bulk phase behavior of a mixed melt brush is studied in depth through full three dimensional calculations. We assume that the mixed A/B polymer chains, which are of the same length, are exposed to a neutral top surface and are uniformly grafted at a high density. We identify phase-separated morphologies and calculate a phase diagram for the mixed brush under melt conditions as a function of the segregation force and composition. The observed lateral microphase separation is similar to that in block copolymer thin films, but the phase separation occurs at a smaller segregation force and the transition between cylindrical and spherical morphologies are quite different than the first-order phase transition in block copolymers. We demonstrate that lateral confinement can induce long-range, in-plane order in mixed brushes and suggest promising directed self-assembly methods for the application of self-assembled mixed polymer brushes in next-generation information storage and electronic devices.
Jahn-Teller Effect versus Spin-Orbit Coupling in X2E CH3S: An ab Initio Study by the Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster Method and Multiconfiguration Quasi-Degenerate Second-Order Perturbation Theory

The equation-of-motion coupled cluster method (EOMIP) using a reference Slater determinant based on the CH 3 S - -anion ground state with basis sets of triple- and quadruple-< quality was applied for numerical optimizationsof geometries of stationary points on adiabatic Jahn-Teller surfaces of the X 2 E ground state of CH 3 S crossing at the C 3 v symmetry nuclear configuration. Calculations by the multireference configuration interaction method and multiconfiguration quasi-degenerate second-order perturbation (PT2) theory were also performed with use of a complete active space CASSCF reference wave function. The linear and quadratic Jahn-Teller constants were computed for each of three Jahn-Teller active modes. The potential surfaces corresponding to spin-orbit states 2 E 3 / 2 and 2 E 1 / 2 were obtained with eigenenergies of the full Breit-Pauli spin-orbit operator with a PT2-CASSCF reference wave function. The one- and two-electron scalar relativistic effects were included in CASSCF and spin-orbit calculations. The calculated Jahn-Teller stabilization energy, the barrier to pseudorotation, and the spin-orbit splitting are 93, 15, and 358 cm - 1 , respectively. The Jahn-Teller distortions are totally quenched by the strong spin-orbit coupling. The recommended values of the geometry parameters of CH 3 S are R e (CS) = 1.794 A, R e (CH) = 1.087 A, and α e (HCS) = 109.8°.
Genetical differences in solutions to the crises of hybridization and competition in early sympatry

Abstract The role of the crises of hybridization and competition in early sympatry is reviewed. Evolutionary rates, coupled with the number of genetic changes and the intensity of selection for them, are generally different for: 1) speciation, i.e. the accumulation of many genetic differences that add up to an irreversible barrier to future fusion; 2) anti-hybridization mechanisms following the establishment of sympatry; and 3) anti-competition mechanisms that allow related species to share the same geographical range with minimal competition for food. In new contacts the unrelated crises of hybridization and resource competition seem likely to be solved in different styles, because cross-mating is commonly stopped by very few genetic changes, whereas niche-splitting typically involves many more changes. These statements — correct as broad generalization — are documented by many examples, mostly from Lepidoptera (Eds.).
RELATIONSHIPS OF COTICULE GEOCHEMISTRY TO STRATIGRAPHY IN THE PERRY MOUNTAIN AND MEGUNTICOOK FORMATIONS, NEW ENGLAND APPALACHIANS

Coticules (garnet-rich quartzites) are chemically distinctive lithologies of controversial origin. They generally occur in pelitic schists, amphibolites, cherts, and quartzites as thin layers or discontinuous lenses in Paleozoic formations in the New England Appalachians and other orogenic belts. Geochemical data were collected to characterize coticules and their host rocks from the Middle Silurian Perry Mountain Formation of southern New Hampshire (near Rochester) and western Maine (near Rangeley), and the Cambrian Megunticook Formation of coastal Maine (Camden and Calais). Relative to their host rocks, the coticules are enriched in Fe, Mn, and P, and depleted in Ti and alkalis. Electron-microprobe analyses of garnet show higher spessartine and lower almandine components relative to garnet in the host. Coticules are light- REE -enriched and heavy- REE -depleted. They have concentrations between 10 and 100 times those of chondrites, generally lack a Ce anomaly, and have a negative Eu anomaly. Major-element compositions and REE profiles argue strongly against a hydrothermal origin for these rocks, and do not obviously support a hydrogenous (diagenetic) origin such as Mn–Fe formation. Rare-earth-element patterns differ as much within a local area as for widely separated samples within a single formation. All three samples from the Megunticook Formation are nearly identical, supporting stratigraphic correlation. But they are also like some of the Perry Mountain Formation samples, so that coticule compositions for a formation are not unique.
Bannock Russet: A dual-purpose, Russet potato cultivar with high U. S. No. 1 yield and multiple disease resistances

Bannock Russet, a late-maturing, long russet potato cultivar, was released in 1999 by the USDA-ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is suitable for processing into french fries and other frozen products. Its attractive russeted skin and excellent culinary qualities also make it suitable for fresh market. Bannock Russet, in comparisons with Russet Burbank, has consistently produced greater U.S. No. 1 yields in trials conducted throughout southern Idaho. In other western trial sites, total yields of Bannock Russet have been comparable to or smaller than that of Russet Burbank, but its percentage of undersize and cull potatoes is consistently less. Bannock Russet is resistant to potato virus Y (PVY), Verticillium wilt, common scab, and leafroll net necrosis. It also has moderate resistance to early blight (foliar and tuber) andErwinia soft rot. With respect to other potato diseases/disorders, Bannock Russet’s level of susceptibility is similar to that of Russet Burbank; the exception being shatter bruise, with Bannock Russet displaying a greater susceptibility. Cultural management guidelines have been developed to minimize shatter bruise in Bannock Russet. Bannock Russet’s multiple disease resistances coupled with its low nitrogen requirement, make it a low-input cultivar that could significantly reduce growers’ production costs.
Cell Sources for Bone Regeneration: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (But Promising)

Based on the extensive investigation of various ways to regenerate bone, bone marrow stromal cells, in conjunction with ceramic scaffolds, show great promise for application in human patients, and are already in use in a limited number of clinical trials. In preparing for clinical trials, scale-up current good manufacturing processes (cGMP) must incorporate the use of appropriate assays to ensure that the resulting cell product has maintained its biological activity. Future developments are needed to identify better scaffolds, and better ways to deliver cells with either injectable carriers, or by developing techniques to aide in their escape from the circulation and their incorporation into the pre-existing tissue. Lastly, development of methods that faithfully direct pluripotent stem cell differentiation into populations of osteogenic precursors (and ideally, containing skeletal stem cells) represents a new challenge in the field of bone regeneration, but also offer new opportunities to not only to study the biology of bone formation, but also to develop a robust cell source for bone regeneration.
Improving the reliability of confidence limits for the mean of positive random variables

This paper presents a simple method to obtain a strictly positive lower confidence limit for the mean of a positive random variable. Although this method involves some approxi mations, it is shown empiri cally that it works well for a large number of cases.
Appearance of virulent bacteriophages in lysogenic E. coli cultures after prolonged growth in the presence of triethylenemelamine.

Continuous culture of coli 12λ, P22, 600-434, 600-21, and 600-299 in the presence of triethylenemelamine (TEM) results in the appearance of a new virulent virus which attacks the parent culture. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is effective with 600-21 and ultraviolet light with 12λ and 600-21. The cultures which produce the virulent virus continue to do so indefinitely in the absence of the mutagen, but are not lysogenic for the virus. Most of the cells in such cultures are resistant to the virus and do not produce any, but there are a few mutant cells sensitive to the virus and the virus multiplies by infection of these sensitive mutants.
The effect of fluoride contents in fluoridated hydroxyapatite on osteoblast behavior.

Abstract Fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA) discs with various fluoride contents (0–0.0577 mol F − /mol apatite) have been used to investigate the effect of fluoride content on osteoblastic cell behavior. SAOS-3 rat osteosarcoma cells were cultured on FHA discs for different time periods. The cell behavior was examined in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, morphology and differentiation. The fluoride content in FHA discs strongly affected the cell activities. More cell attachment and proliferation were observed on the fluoride-containing FHA discs than on pure hydroxyapatite (HA). The fluoride content also affected the differentiation behavior of osteoblastic cells. Cells on FHA discs demonstrated a higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than those on pure HA after 3 weeks of culturing. These results suggested that fluoride ions have a significant impact on different osteoblastic cell activities.
Market structure implications of export‐price uncertainty

This paper considers the profit-seeking firm that has the opportunity to export, as a price taker, to an uncertain rest-of-the-world market. When that firm competes domestically as an oligopolist the competitive export option can impact on both the firm and its domestic competitiors. The latter conjecture is explored and the resulting inferences are offered as a possible explanation for the market structures that tend to evolve in international markets.
Carbonyl Cyanide Phenylhydrazones as Probes of the Anionic Activator Site of the Human Erythrocyte Glutathione Adduct Transport ATPase

Abstract We have previously shown that the ATPase activity associated with the erythrocyte glutathione adduct transporter is also stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol and p -trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone, both well-known anionic and lipophilic uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria [C. G. Winter, D. C. DeLuca, and H. Szumilo (1994) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 314, 17–22]. In this paper, we report the testing of a series of ring-substituted carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazones as activators of the ATPase. All of the compounds tested stimulated the ATPase to similar extents, based on V max values. The K 0.5 for stimulation of the ATPase depended on the electron-withdrawing characteristics of the ring substituents, resulting in a Hammett linear free energy relationship for the m - and p -substituted derivatives. The slope of this relationship, with lower K 0.5 values for electron-withdrawing substituents, suggests that an anionic residue in the active site partially discourages binding of this class of activators. ortho -Substituted carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazones do not follow this relationship, but show lower apparent affinities than expected from their p K a values. This finding suggests that steric effects in that region of the binding site negatively influence the affinity.
Antiviral treatment of a serious herpes simplex infection: Encephalitis

Herpes simplex encephalitis is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in the western world. Patients usually have altered levels of consciousness, altered levels of mentation, fever, headache, and personality changes. These may progress to hemiparesis and seizures. Exact diagnosis must be established by brain biopsy and identification of the virus in biopsy material. There is a great need for a noninvasive test that is positive early in the disease. Without antiviral treatment the mortality rate is >70%, and many survivors have serious disabilities. Both adenine arabinoside and acyclovir decrease death and morbidity, but acyclovir is the preferred drug. With acyclovir, about 40% of patients will survive with normal development or minor levels of impairment but more than half of the patients mill die or suffer significant impairment. It is essential to treat early; patients who are young and have not reached coma or impaired consciousness may show 65% recovery and return to normal function. Development of new antiviral drugs or other types of therapies is desirable. Herpetic skin lesions are likely to be more confusing than diagnostic because other types of encephalitis with fever often precipitate recurrent herpes that is unrelated to the encephalitis.
Bisphosphonates to prevent skeletal complications in men with metastatic prostate cancer.

ABSTRACTPurpose: The literature on clinical trials of bisphosphonates in men with metastatic prostate cancer is reviewed to familiarize the reader with biology of bone metastases and rationale for use of bisphosphonates.Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE review of the literature on prostate cancer and bisphosphonates was performed.Results: In uncontrolled clinical trials bisphosphonates improved pain and analgesic scores in men with symptomatic bone metastases. In a randomized controlled trial of men with bone metastases and progressive disease after first line hormonal therapy zoledronic acid decreased the skeletal related events, a composite end point defined as fracture, surgery or radiation therapy to bone, or change in antineoplastic therapy for bone pain. Randomized controlled trials with other bisphosphonates reported no significant benefit in men with bone metastases. Problems with the study populations, drug bioavailability and potency, statistical power and end point definition may have contribute...
Character style of the defensively high self-esteem man†

Studied the personality correlates and psychodynamics of defensively high self-esteem, defined as a conscious, exaggerated satisfaction with the self used defensively to avoid an unconscious or less conscious lower self-regard. The hypothesis tested is that among defensively high self-esteem men in the nonpathological range of psychological functioning, the ambitiousnarcissistic/hysteriform character style is the modal character type. Forty male college students volunteered as Ss. They were divided into four groups, based upon clinicians' consensus ratings of defensiveness of self-esteem and level of self-regard. Measures of various aspects of character style—prominent thought and fantasy thema, characteristic defenses, and proneness to shame affect—were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results were consistent with the hypothesis for measures of thought and fantasy thema. In conjunction with quantitative data, clinical interpretation of projective test responses and interaction styles was used to suggest some differences between men who exhibited defensively high self-esteem and those who showed nondefensively high self-regard.
Forgetting the Last Big War Collective Memory and Liberation Images in an Off-Year Anniversary

This article reports the results of a study of coverage of the 65th anniversary of the liberation of Paris published in French newspapers, newsmagazines, and online news media in 2009. Building on a previous study of images of the liberation in Parisian newspapers at the 60th anniversary in 2004, it provides empirical evidence for the conventional wisdom that less anniversary journalism is produced in non-decennial than decennial anniversaries. In addition, the article shows that visual coverage of the 65th anniversary of the liberation was even more reductive than coverage of the 60th, concentrating almost exclusively on images of French joy and authority and forgoing more problematic representations of German occupiers, French collaborationists, and U.S. troops. Finally, the article argues that this sparse and reductive view of the liberation of Paris has the potential to affect collective memories of the event as it recedes into the past and the number of living French citizens who remember it firsthan...
Efficient and specific knockdown of small non-coding RNAs in mammalian cells and in mice

Hundreds of small nuclear non-coding RNAs, including small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), have been identified in different organisms, with important implications in regulating gene expression and in human diseases. However, functionalizing these nuclear RNAs in mammalian cells remains challenging, due to methodological difficulties in depleting these RNAs, especially snoRNAs. Here we report a convenient and efficient approach to deplete snoRNA, small Cajal body RNA (scaRNA) and small nuclear RNA in human and mouse cells by conventional transfection of chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that promote RNaseH-mediated cleavage of target RNAs. The levels of all seven tested snoRNA/scaRNAs and four snRNAs were reduced by 80–95%, accompanied by impaired endogenous functions of the target RNAs. ASO-targeting is highly specific, without affecting expression of the host genes where snoRNAs are embedded in the introns, nor affecting the levels of snoRNA isoforms with high sequence similarities. At least five snoRNAs could be depleted simultaneously. Importantly, snoRNAs could be dramatically depleted in mice by systematic administration of the ASOs. Together, our findings provide a convenient and efficient approach to characterize nuclear non-coding RNAs in mammalian cells, and to develop antisense drugs against disease-causing non-coding RNAs.