cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical and Physicochemical Properties of Brown Carbon Aerosol: Light Scattering, FTIR Extinction Spectroscopy, and Hygroscopic Growth

A great deal of attention has been paid to brown carbon aerosol in the troposphere because it can both scatter and absorb solar radiation, thus affecting the Earth’s climate. However, knowledge of the optical and chemical properties of brown carbon aerosol is still limited. In this study, we have investigated different aspects of the optical properties of brown carbon aerosol that have not been previously explored. These properties include extinction spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region and light scattering at two different visible wavelengths, 532 and 402 nm. A proxy for atmospheric brown carbon aerosol was formed from the aqueous reaction of ammonium sulfate with methylglyoxal. The different optical properties were measured as a function of reaction time for a period of up to 19 days. UV/vis absorption experiments of bulk solutions showed that the optical absorption of aqueous brown carbon solution significantly increases as a function of reaction time in the spectral range from 200 to 700 nm. The an...
Fatigue Failure of a 2500-Ton Forge Press

Large industrial equipment can fail spectacularly, and analyzing the failure can prove difficult, as catastrophic failures can provide red herrings that confound the failure analysis. One such case involved the fatigue failure of a 2500-ton forge press. During operation, two tie rods failed, leading to catastrophic failure of the press. During post-mortem analysis, several fatigue cracks were found in the upper platen of the forge press and misalignment of some of the tie rod nuts was observed. Finite element modeling revealed that the presence of the platen fatigue cracks and the misaligned nuts had little effect on the fatigue behavior of the press. Instead, the high strength of the two failed tie rods led to higher-than-intended service stresses in these tie rods and resulted in a reduced fatigue life.
Abstract LB-244: Amino acid deprivation selectively targets multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells

Tumor recurrence and metastasis underlie the majority of cancer-related deaths. Cancer cells that recur or metastasize are often both de-differentiated and multidrug resistant, but the mechanistic basis for this has been poorly understood. We have recently shown that de-differentiation promotes multidrug resistance by activating Nrf2, which stimulates transcription of drug efflux pumps and enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). De-differentiation activates Nrf2 by a non-canonical mechanism involving its phosphorylation by the ER membrane kinase PERK. PERK-Nrf2 signaling protects de-differentiated cells from chemotherapy, and inhibiting this signaling axis re-sensitizes de-differentiated cancer cells to treatment. To further explore this pathway we profiled the effects of PERK inhibition on global gene expression in both differentiated and de-differentiated cells upon treatment with chemotherapy. This analysis showed that PERK inhibition results in an amino acid deprivation phenotype, and suggested that de-differentiated cells may be sensitive to perturbations in amino acid availability. Consistent with this, we found that the aminopeptidase inhibitor Tosedostat was selectively toxic to de-differentiated breast cancer cells when given in combination with chemotherapy. Our findings identify a novel vulnerability of therapy-resistant breast cancer cells, and suggest that targeting amino acid availability in combination with chemotherapy could be an effective treatment for aggressive breast cancers that are multidrug resistant. Citation Format: Catherine A. Del Vecchio, Yuxiong Feng, Ethan S. Sokol, Erik J. Tillman, Sandhya Sanduja, Ferenc Reinhardt, Piyush B. Gupta. Amino acid deprivation selectively targets multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-244. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-244
Perceived organizational affiliation and its effects on patient trust: Role modeling with embodied conversational agents.

Abstract Objective Verbal and non-verbal behaviors, which are known as “relational contextualization cues”, relay information about relationships and how they are structured. We developed a computer-simulated provider conducting an informed consent process for clinical research to investigate the effects of a provider’s alignment of interests with a patient, the research team, or a neutral party on patient trust in the provider. Methods Participants (N = 43) interacted with a simulated provider for a research informed consent process in a three-arm, counterbalanced, within-subjects experiment. Participants reported their trust in the simulated provider after each treatment. Results Participants successfully recognized the alignment manipulation, and perceived the patient-aligned provider as more trustworthy than the other providers. Participants were also more satisfied with the patient-aligned provider, liked this provider more, expressed more desire to continue working with this provider, and stated that they were significantly more likely to sign the consent form after interacting with this provider compared to the other two. Conclusion Relational contextualization that aligns with the patient increases trust, satisfaction, and willingness to enroll in the context of research informed consent. Practice implications Health providers should align themselves with patients’ interests.
Angiogenesis and Pathogenesis of Port Wine Stain and Infantile Hemangiomas

This chapter focuses on the angiogenesis and vasculogenesis involved in the pathophysiological processes and treatments of two common congenital vascular anomalies, namely port wine stain (PWS) and infantile hemangiomas (IH). PWS occur as pink/red macules in childhood but darken progressively to purple with subsequent skin thickening and the development of vascular nodules. Dilatation of postcapillary venules in PWS is likely caused by a deficiency of local nerve innervation. Although the pulsed dye laser has revolutionized PWS treatment, complete clearance is rarely achieved due to regrowth and reperfusion of injured blood vessels. Angiogenic signaling pathways activated after laser exposure will be discussed and the animal and clinical results of a new therapeutic strategy for PWS, combined laser exposure and administration of an anti-angiogenic agent will be presented. IH are tumors of infancy with a unique life cycle characterized by rapid proliferation followed by slow spontaneous involution. Phase-specific markers have been identified, including GLUT-1 and more recently indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase associated with involution. The current understanding of the pathogenesis includes a close relationship with placental origin, role of hypoxia in stimulating development and somatic mutations in early development of the tumors.
Mean-Field Scaling of the Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition in a 2D Optical Superlattice

The mean-field treatment of the Bose-Hubbard model predicts properties of lattice-trapped gases to be insensitive to the specific lattice geometry once system energies are scaled by the lattice coordination number z. We test this scaling directly by comparing coherence properties of ^{87}Rb gases that are driven across the superfluid to Mott insulator transition within optical lattices of either the kagome (z=4) or the triangular (z=6) geometries. The coherent fraction measured for atoms in the kagome lattice is lower than for those in a triangular lattice with the same interaction and tunneling energies. A comparison of measurements from both lattices agrees quantitatively with the scaling prediction. We also study the response of the gas to a change in lattice geometry, and observe the dynamics as a strongly interacting kagome-lattice gas is suddenly "hole doped" by introducing the additional sites of the triangular lattice.
Veterans in STEM: Supporting the Transition from Military Culture to the Culture of College

Colleges have seen an increase in the number of military veterans returning to college or entering college for the first time. With this increase has been greater attention to ways colleges can be welcoming and supportive learning environments for veterans, who are in many cases non-traditional students. This paper presents the results of a recent think tank and follow-up study exploring the intersection of military and college cultures for veterans pursuing degrees in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math).
Introduction: Properties of Materials: The Palette of the Biomaterials Engineer

The platform on which the biomaterials engineer arranges information into parts for subsequent blending has expanded and evolved significantly in content over past decades. The science in biomaterials science has included fundamental aspects of physical, mechanical, chemical, electrical, and biological (compatibility) properties of the synthetic and natural origin biomaterials per se . One focus has been the fundamental structure versus property relationships leading to in vivo biocompatibility, which has changed with time and experience, especially as the biological and clinical disciplines have also evolved.
Salvage arthrodesis of a failed total ankle replacement using a custom 3D-printed cage implant: A case report and review of the literature:

We present a case report of a 66-year-old female who underwent salvage arthrodesis after a failed Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement secondary to aseptic loosening and talar subsidence. Secondary...
Code Obfuscation: Why is This Still a Thing?

Early developments in code obfuscation were chiefly motivated by the needs of Digital Rights Management (DRM). Other suggested applications included intellectual property protection of software and code diversification to combat the monoculture problem of operating systems. Code obfuscation is typically employed in security scenarios where an adversary is in complete control over a device and the software it contains and can tamper with it at will. We call such situations the Man-At-The-End (MATE) scenario. MATE scenarios are the best of all worlds for attackers and, consequently, the worst of all worlds for defenders: Not only do attackers have physical access to a device and can reverse engineer and tamper with it at their leisure, they often have unbounded resources (time, computational power, etc.) to do so. Defenders, on the other hand, are often severely constrained in the types of protective techniques available to them and the amount of overhead they can tolerate. In other words, there is an asymmetry between the constraints of attackers and defenders. Moreover, DRM is becoming less prevalent (songs for sale on the Apple iTunes Store are no longer protected by DRM, for example); there are new cryptographically-based obfuscation techniques that promise provably secure obfuscation; secure enclaves are making it into commodity hardware, providing a safe haven for security sensitive code; and recent advances in program analysis and generic de-obfuscation provide algorithms that render current code obfuscation techniques impotent. Thus, one may reasonably ask the question: "Is Code Obfuscation Still a Thing?" Somewhat surprisingly, it appears that the answer is yes. In a recent report, Gartner lists 19 companies active in this space (8 of which were founded since 2010) and there are still (in 2017) many papers published on code obfuscation, code de-obfuscation, anti-tamper protection, reverse engineering, and related technologies. One of the reasons for this resurgence of code obfuscation as a protective technology is that, more and more, we are faced with applications where security-sensitive code needs to run on unsecured endpoints. In this talk we will show MATE attacks that appear in many novel and unlikely scenarios, including smart cars, smart meters, mobile applications such as Snapchat and smartphone games, Internet of Things applications, and ad blockers in web browsers. We will furthermore show novel code obfuscation techniques that increase the workload of attackers and which, at least for a time, purport to restore the symmetry between attackers and defenders.
Representations over Fields and Exact Sequences

The terms exact sequence, kernel, and cokernel are defined for arbitrary categories [Mitchell 65]. In order to avoid lengthy arguments, these terms are defined herein in terms of their descriptions in rep(S, k) rather than derived.
PEPTIDES | Galanin Modulation of Epileptogenicity

This article discusses experimental evidence in the support of the concept that the neuropeptide galanin is an endogenous anticonvulsant. The activation of hippocampal galanin receptors achieved by focal administration of galanin agonists exerts anticonvulsant effects, while galanin antagonists facilitate seizures. Galanin and galanin receptor knockout mice exhibit enhanced seizure susceptibility; in contrast, animals with the overexpression of galanin in the hippocampus are resistant to seizures. Seizures themselves lead to fatigue of galaninergic innervation of the hippocampus, which in turn furthers the progression of the epileptic state. Antiepileptic properties of galanin represent a rationale for the development of galanin-based antiepileptic drugs.
Geomorphology of Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations in Belize and the Cayman Islands (Caribbean)

Publisher Summary Caye Glory and Gladden Spit in Belize, and Grand Cayman East (GCE) and Little Cayman West (LCW) in the Cayman Islands, have a common geomorphologic signature and all harbor important breeding grounds for commercially important reef fishes. Most commercially important reef fishes, including many species of grouper and snapper, travel relatively long distances over the course of days or weeks to aggregate and spawn at very specific times and in very specific places. Locations of known sites were compiled using published literature and new field surveys and indicate commonality in the underlying geomorphology and species seasonality of reef fish spawning aggregation (FSA) sites throughout the wider Caribbean. Commercially important reef fish such as grouper and snapper use specific geomorphologic locations as spawning grounds throughout the wider Caribbean. In the Cayman Islands and Belize, fish choose shelf-edge reef promontories for spawning, and share these areas with other species. These multispecies spawning aggregation sites are generally located near the inflection points of convex-shaped reefs, in 20–40 m water depth, adjacent to sharp shelf edges where water depth drops to several hundred meters. Reef geomorphology may be the key determinant for the selection of reef fish breeding habitat. This chapter presents the three-dimensional structure of four representative spawning aggregation sites in the Cayman Islands and Belize.
Synthesis of high molecular weight poly (β-pinene)

In the course of attempts to develop conditions for the living polymerization of β-pinene (β-PIN) we discovered that the conventional “H2O”/EtAlCl2 system produces poly(β-PIN)s of heretofore unattained high molecular weights (at least up to ∼40,000) and that the molecular weight can be controlled by the polymerization temperature in the −23 to −100°C range. The log \(\bar M_n\)versus 1/T plot is linear and yields ΔHDP=−0.83 kcal/mol. The repeat unit of the high molecular weight polymer is Open image in new window which reflects isomerization polymerization. The Tg of poly(β-PIN) is 65°C by DSC. Melt drawn fibers are amorphous by X-ray analysis.
A Comparison of Electric Vehicle Power Systems to Predict Architectures, Voltage Levels, Power Requirements, and Load Characteristics of the Future All-Electric Aircraft

The aviation industry has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of the major rise in electric power system technology for the past several decades. With more electric aircraft now the industry standard, the new future vision is toward all-electric aircraft, wherein conventional power systems and propulsion sources are electrified. This paper compares and analyzes the Electric Power Systems (EPS) of all-electric vehicles, all-electric ships and more electric aircraft to help predict future development of all-electric aircraft EPS. It is concluded that gravimetric energy density, weight, cost of current battery, and propulsion systems for aircraft are the main limitations preventing the transition to all-electric aircraft. Furthermore, lithium-air batteries show promise for closing the energy density gap between gasoline and batteries. Finally, some recent advancements in small-scale all-electric aircraft development illustrate the bright future of all-electric aircraft.
Frontside scattering structures for enhanced performance in flexible ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells

We demonstrate that frontside scattering structures combining a metal nanomesh transparent electrode with dielectric nanosphere (NS) arrays may improve the performance of ultrathin crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. The increased light scattering as characterized by increased haze from these structures leads to longer path lengths within the c-Si and thus, higher short-circuit current densities and improved power conversion efficiencies. We demonstrate a 69% improvement in power conversion efficiency with metal nanomesh/NS coatings compared to indium tin oxide. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ultrathin film c-Si solar cells are robust under repeated bending.
Keeping the driver in the loop: Dynamic feedback to support appropriate use of imperfect vehicle control automation

Abstract Objective This study evaluates the benefits and costs associated with providing drivers continuous feedback on the limits and behavior of imperfect vehicle control automation. Background In-vehicle automated systems remove drivers from active vehicle control, often at the expense of timely interventions when failures occur. Discrete warnings, as a type of feedback to inform drivers about automated system behavior, fail to keep drivers aware of its proximity to operating limits. Method In a fixed-based simulator, 48 drivers drove using Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)—a form of control automation that maintains a set speed, or a set headway if the vehicle encounters a slower moving vehicle. A first experiment compared ACC with discrete warnings to ACC with continuous information, which indicated moment-to-moment ACC state relative to its operating limits. Three display conditions, designed to provide non-obtrusive, ecologically-valid information, were evaluated in a second experiment: 1) a visual interface; 2) an auditory interface; and 3) a combined visual-auditory interface. Results Drivers provided with continuous feedback relied more appropriately on ACC than did those with discrete warnings. Continuous feedback increased the frequency of proactive responses to automation failures and improved system understanding. Of the three displays, the combined visual-auditory interface performed the best. Conclusion Continuous feedback helped communicate to drivers the evolving relationship between system performance and operating limits. Application Displays for increasingly automated vehicles should inform about the automation's situation-specific behavior rather than simply alert drivers to failures and/or the need to resume vehicle control in order to promote appropriate understanding and trust.
The Salience Theory of Consumer Financial Regulation

Prior to the financial crisis, banks’ fee income was their fastest-growing source of revenue. This revenue was often generated through nefarious bank practices (e.g., ordering overdraft transactions for maximal fees). The crisis focused popular attention on the extent to which current regulatory tools failed consumers in these markets, and policymakers responded: A new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was tasked with monitoring consumer finance products, and some of the earliest post-crisis financial reforms sought to lower consumer costs. This Article is the first to empirically evaluate the success of the consumer finance reform agenda by considering three recent price regulations: a decrease in merchant interchange costs, a cap on credit card penalty fees and interest-rate hikes, and a change to the policy default rule that limited banks’ overdraft revenue. The varied efficacies of these interventions suggest several insights for policymakers. First, price regulation of non-salient prices (such as late fees or overdraft charges) is desirable. This is true even in a perfectly competitive world, because the existence of shrouded prices can lead to excessive demand for consumer financial products; cause consumers to expend tremendous energy to avoid hidden fees; and result in cross-subsidy of sophisticated consumers, who incorporate these prices into their decision-making, by unsophisticated customers, who do not. In an imperfectly competitive world, regulations that target non-salient prices can also decrease overall consumer costs. A substitute for price regulation is the use of behavioral tools, such as shocks to consumer attention, to encourage consumers to take non-salient prices into account. Such simple, timely disclosure is a choice-preserving alternative to banning expensive consumer finance products.
The Concept of Nature in Early Modern English Literature

The Concept of Nature in Early Modern English Literature traces a genealogy of ecology in seventeenth-century literature and natural philosophy through the development of the protoecological concept of 'the oeconomy of nature'. Founded in 1644 by Kenelm Digby, this concept was subsequently employed by a number of theologians, physicians, and natural philosophers to conceptualize nature as an interdependent system. Focusing on the middle decades of the seventeenth century, Peter Remien examines how Samuel Gott, Walter Charleton, Robert Boyle, Samuel Collins, and Thomas Burnet formed the oeconomy of nature. Remien also shows how literary authors Ben Jonson, George Herbert, Andrew Marvell, Margaret Cavendish, and John Milton use the discourse of oeconomy to explore the contours of humankind's relationship with the natural world. This book participates in an intellectual history of the science of ecology while prompting a re-evaluation of how we understand the relationship between literature and ecology in the early modern period.
Predicting the Effect of Bilateral Pelvic Osteotomy on Sagittal Alignment Correction and Surrounding Muscles: A Mathematical Model

Study Design. Mathematical Model. Objectives. To investigate the relationship between pelvic osteotomy opening angle (OA) and its effect on spinopelvic sagittal parameters as well as the resting length of surrounding muscles. Methods. Predictive equations correlating OA with spinopelvic parameters were derived using geometric relationships. A geometric model calculated spinopelvic parameters (SVA, pelvic incidence [PI], PT, and T1 pelvic angle [TPA]) produced by progressively increasing the OA. These values were compared to optimal balance criteria in the literature. Four muscles crossing the osteotomy site were evaluated: Gluteus Medius (GMED), Gluteus Maximus (GMAX), Piriformis (P), and Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL). Insertion points were obtained from an OpenSim software model. GMAX and GMED were subdivided into 3 (anterior, middle, and posterior). Results. OA correlated negatively with PI, TPA, and SVA and positively with PT. From baseline SVA of 22 cm, OA 21° reduced SVA to 5cm. OA 23° reduced TPA to 14°. OA 30° increased PT to 20°. OA 26° decreased PI-LL to 10°. OA range of 26°-30° resulted in optimal sagittal deformity correction. OA correlated with SR positively for TFL and anterior GMED and negatively for the rest of muscles. For this OA, the SR approximately decreased 6%, 5%, 6%, 8%, and 5% for posterior GMED, anterior GMAX, middle GMAX, posterior GMAX, and P, respectively. It increased 8% and 4% for anterior GMED and TFL, respectively. Conclusion. Predictive relationships between osteotomy OA and spinopelvic parameters were shown, providing proof of concept that sagittal balance may be achieved via pelvic osteotomy.
On the Moisture Origins of Tornadic Thunderstorms

AbstractTornadic thunderstorms rely on the availability of sufficient low-level moisture, but the source regions of that moisture have not been explicitly demarcated. Using the NOAA Air Resources L...
Extension of emission EM look-alike algorithms to Bayesian algorithms

Recently we developed a family of image reconstruction algorithms that look like emission maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) algorithm. In this paper, we extend these algorithms to Bayesian algorithms. The family of emission-EM-lookalike algorithms uses multiplicative update scheme. The extension of these algorithms to Bayesian algorithms is achieved by introducing a new simple factor, which contains the Bayesian information. One of the extended algorithms can be applied to emission tomography, and another can be applied to transmission tomography. Computer simulations are performed and compared with the corresponding un-extended algorithms. The totalvariation (TV) norm is used as the Bayesian constraint in the computer simulations. The newly developed algorithms demonstrate stable performance. For any noise variance function, a simple Bayesian algorithm can be derived. The proposed algorithms have properties such as multiplicative update, non-negativity, faster convergence rate for the bright objects, and ease of implementation. Our algorithms are inspired by Green’s one-step-late (OSL) algorithm. “One-step-late” is an undesirable feature. Our algorithms do not have this undesirable one-step-late feature.
GENETIC EFFECTS OF PROTOPLAST FUSION IN PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM

This study was stimulated by the work of Chang et al.1 who reported the recovery of recombinants in high frequency following protoplast fusion with industrial strains of Penicillium chrysogenum. This frequency was approximately one percent and considerably higher than the frequency expected in the conventional parasexual cycle (Fig. 1). In the above study’ known selective markers were not used but, as the results of our study will show, we believe that recovery of such a high frequency of recombinants is probably due to unique selective pressures and not due to protoplast fusion per se.
Leadership and power in international development: navigating the intersections of gender, culture, context, and sustainability

Leadership and Power in International Development: Navigating the Intersections of Gender, Culture, Context, and Sustainability edited by Randal J. Thompson and Julia Storberg-Walker aims to build ...
Evidence for disordered acid-base handling in calcium stone-forming patients

In stone formers (SFs) with idiopathic hypercalciuria, urine pH governs the mineral phase of stones. Calcium phosphate (CaP) SFs have higher urine pH than calcium oxalate (CaOx) SFs. Normal women h...
Exploring Borders in a Texas Prekindergarten: Storytelling from the In-Between.

This article is a collective narration of our work in a prekindergarten and its curriculum, designed to employ student choice as a connection-making mechanism. We describe a series of “boundaries,”...
A phenomenological investigation into the role of intensive mothering in working mothers’ career experiences

The intensive mothering ideology prescribes the right way to be a mother, limiting a mother’s opportunity to engage in paid work outside of the home. Working mothers face a magnitude of stressors a...
The Study of PSO-SVM and PSO-GRNN Algorithm Used in the Fault Pattern Classification of Transformer

Support Vector Machine and GR neural network are widely used in the fault pattern classification. For large data samples and fault types, these methods have high classification accuracy. In order to further improve the practical range and operational efficiency of numerical classifier, the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is used to the optimize penalty and kernel function parameters of SVM, weight and threshold parameter of GRNN. By numerical verification, it is found that the classifier is applied to multi-peak complex curved surface function, has nice classification ability. The classifier is used in classification of DGA data of actual oil immersed, and it is found: running time of PSO-SVM classifier increases with the increase of the fault mode, and the recognition accuracy shows the trend of the overall decline. The classification accuracy of the PSO-GRNN classifier is relatively stable, but the fault classification is more time-consuming. Through the research and analysis of this paper, validity of optimization classification algorithm is verified by the simulation, compared performance of the PSO-GRNN and PSO-SVM classification algorithms, which provides ideas and methods for the fault classification method of oil immersed transformer.
Direct Correlation of Charge Carrier Transport to Local Crystal Quality in Lead Halide Perovskites.

Although solution processing methods provide an attractive route toward development of low-cost functional materials, these accessible fabrication approaches can engender high concentrations of mic...
Granzyme B Inhibition by Tofacitinib Blocks the Pathology Induced by CD8 T Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

In cutaneous leishmaniasis, the immune response is not only protective but also mediates immunopathology. We previously found that cytolytic CD8 T cells promote inflammatory responses that are difficult to treat with conventional therapies that target the parasite. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibiting CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity would reduce disease severity in patients. IL-15 is a potential target for such a treatment because it is highly expressed in human patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and promotes granzyme B‒dependent CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity. Here we tested whether tofacitinib, which inhibits IL-15 signaling by blocking Jak3, might decrease CD8-dependent pathology. We found that tofacitinib reduced the expression of granzyme B by CD8 T cells in vitro and in vivo systemic and topical treatment, with tofacitinib protecting mice from developing severe cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions. Importantly, tofacitinib treatment did not alter T helper type 1 responses or parasite control. Collectively, our results suggest that host-directed therapies do not need to be limited to autoimmune disorders and that topical tofacitinib application should be considered a strategy for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis disease in combination with antiparasitic drugs.
Inclusive Instruction for Students with Emotional Disturbance: An Investigation of Classroom Practice

A survey was developed to obtain information on practitioner self-reported knowledge, use, and perceived effectiveness of classroom-based practices for the inclusive instruction of students with Em...
Who Coaches the Coaches? The Development of a Coaching Model for Experiential Learning

This study explores a case of coaching deployed in experiential, interdisciplinary, and project-based courses. This study follows coaching in two courses that operated on a high-impact practice framework. In these courses, coaching was experienced by both students and faculty as a critical feature of the success of the courses. Students showed that coaching impacted their sense of the gravity of course content, their ownership of student-designed work, their relationships with faculty, and their experience of place-based learning. Faculty indicated that the coaching promoted transdisciplinary course planning, while their teaching benefited student engagement. We recommend practices for coaching that can support gains for students and faculty in experiential, project-based, interdisciplinary courses.
On the Shoulders of Giants - From Jenner's Cowpox to mRNA Covid Vaccines.

On the Shoulders of Giants The FDA recently authorized two mRNA vaccines for the prevention of Covid-19. Clearance of this hurdle represents the most recent in a series of advances in the realm of ...
RaPiD: AI accelerator for ultra-low precision training and inference

The growing prevalence and computational demands of Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads has led to widespread use of hardware accelerators in their execution. Scaling the performance of AI accelerators across generations is pivotal to their success in commercial deployments. The intrinsic error-resilient nature of AI workloads present a unique opportunity for performance/energy improvement through precision scaling. Motivated by the recent algorithmic advances in precision scaling for inference and training, we designed RaPiD1, a 4-core AI accelerator chip supporting a spectrum of precisions, namely, 16 and 8-bit floating-point and 4 and 2-bit fixed-point. The 36mm2 RaPiD chip fabricated in 7nm EUV technology delivers a peak 3.5 TFLOPS/W in HFP8 mode and 16.5 TOPS/W in INT4 mode at nominal voltage. Using a performance model calibrated to within 1% of the measurement results, we evaluated DNN inference using 4-bit fixed-point representation for a 4-core 1 RaPiD chip system and DNN training using 8-bit floating point representation for a 768 TFLOPs AI system comprising 4 32-core RaPiD chips. Our results show INT4 inference for batch size of 1 achieves 3 - 13.5 (average 7) TOPS/W and FP8 training for a mini-batch of 512 achieves a sustained 102 - 588 (average 203) TFLOPS across a wide range of applications.
Diagnostic Delay in Epilepsy: the Scope of the Problem.

Purpose of review Diagnostic delay is an increasingly recognized issue in epilepsy. At the same time, there is a clear disparity between public awareness of epilepsy and that of other public health issues. A contributing factor for this seems to be a lack of studies testing interventions designed to improve seizure recognition. In this review, we summarize the main findings from recent studies investigating diagnostic delay in epilepsy, highlighting causes, consequences, and potential interventions in future research that may improve quality of care in this population. Recent findings Building on prior evidence, diagnostic delay in patients with new-onset focal epilepsy has been identified as an important problem for patients with epilepsy. Such delay in diagnosis can lead to delayed treatment and potentially preventable morbidity and mortality including motor vehicle accidents. Nonmotor seizure semiology appears to be a major contributor for delay; such seizures are largely unrecognized when patients present to emergency departments for care. Improving recognition and diagnosis of recurrent nonmotor seizures in emergency departments represents a significant opportunity for improving time to diagnosis, particularly when patients present following a first lifetime motor seizure and meet diagnostic criteria for epilepsy. Diagnostic delay in epilepsy is a significant public health issue and recent studies have highlighted potential areas for intervention.
Serpens: A High Bandwidth Memory Based Accelerator for General-Purpose Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) multiplies a sparse matrix with a dense vector. SpMV plays a crucial role in many applications, from graph analytics to deep learning. The random memory accesses of the sparse matrix make accelerator design challenging. However, high bandwidth memory (HBM) based FPGAs are a good fit for designing accelerators for SpMV. In this paper, we present Serpens, an HBM based accelerator for general-purpose SpMV.Serpens features (1) a general-purpose design, (2) memory-centric processing engines, and (3) index coalescing to support the efficient processing of arbitrary SpMVs. From the evaluation of twelve large-size matrices, Serpens is 1.91x and 1.76x better in terms of geomean throughput than the latest accelerators GraphLiLy and Sextans, respectively. We also evaluate 2,519 SuiteSparse matrices, and Serpens achieves 2.10x higher throughput than a K80 GPU. For the energy efficiency, Serpens is 1.71x, 1.90x, and 42.7x better compared with GraphLily, Sextans, and K80, respectively. After scaling up to 24 HBM channels, Serpens achieves up to 30,204MTEPS and up to 3.79x over GraphLily.
A76 Inequalities in the distribution of primary care providers: Comparing healthcare disparity among urban and rural Floridian

Abstract Background Many economics, sociology, and urban planning researchers have assessed regional inequalities, especially for those populations affected by socioeconomic factors such as low income and unemployment status. Inequalities regarding health and its providers have been documented in the last few decades. In 2010, the Department of Human and Health Service (DHHS) launched the Healthy People 2020 movement with goals to eliminate health inequality/disparity and to encourage healthy development. According to the DHHS, health disparity is defined as “a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with physical distance to service, social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage”. Health disparity that results from the limited access to healthcare facilities is believed to be associated with the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities such as healthcare service, physical activity facilities, and healthy food. However, empirical studies are insufficient for understanding the extent and magnitude of health disparities in the United States. This study seeks to use the inequality of distribution of healthcare providers as a measure for spatial health disparities in urban and rural areas (AIM1) while also monitoring socioeconomic characteristics of the populations in said areas (AIM2). Methods For the first aim, this study will calculate the population per physician ratio for each urban and rural census tract boundary in Florida. The Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve are used to measure the sufficiency or the insufficiency of physician distribution for each urban and rural Florida. These measures are designed to analyze inequality of income or wealth, but they also have been used to study the distribution of health resources such as physician distribution. Second, this study will use Hot Spot Analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS) to calculate the Getis-Ord GI statistic to identify patterns of disadvantaged socioeconomic populations. Cluster areas with high or low densities of certain socioeconomic characteristics, hot spots, will be determined. Results Preliminary results present that primary care physicians in both urban and rural areas of Florida were unevenly distributed. The Gini coefficient for the distribution of primary care physicians in urban Florida was 0.49 (SD=0.0001), while that of the rural Florida was 0.38 (SD=0.01). Conclusions The inequality in the distribution of primary care physicians was higher in urban areas compared with that of the rural Florida. For this purpose, the availability (number) of physicians could be adjusted depending on socioeconomic factors.
Collaborative Video Inquiry as Teacher Educator Professional Development.

Video analysis of teaching finds robust support in the research literature on teacher--rather than teacher educator--professional learning. In this paper, we explored the impact on faculty of interdisciplinary conversations on teaching practice, anchored in video artifacts of teaching produced by teacher candidates. Interdisciplinary groups of elementary and secondary teacher educators included faculty specializing in English language learners. Findings indicated that features such as interdisciplinarity, use of common language to discuss teaching practice, and video analysis facilitated peer-to-peer learning among teacher education faculty. This research adds to our understanding of how teacher educators might view collaborative video review and use it as an innovative form of professional development to improve teacher education.
Imaging gene expression in single living cells

Technical advances in the field of live-cell imaging have introduced the cell biologist to a new, dynamic, subcellular world. The static world of molecules in fixed cells has now been extended to the time dimension. This allows the visualization and quantification of gene expression and intracellular trafficking events of the studied molecules and the associated enzymatic processes in individual cells, in real time.
The Intel/sup /spl reg// mote platform: a Bluetooth-based sensor network for industrial monitoring

The Intel mote is a new sensor node platform motivated by several design goals: increased CPU performance, improved radio bandwidth and reliability, and the usage of commercial off-the-shelf components in order to maintain cost-effectiveness. This new platform is built around an integrated wireless microcontroller consisting of an ARM*7 core, a Bluetooth radio, SRAM and FLASH memory, as well as various I/O options. The Intel Mote software architecture is based on an ARM port of TinyOS. Networking and routing layers have been created on top of the TinyOS base to provide Bluetooth-based multi-hop functionality. The network is self-organizing on startup and has mechanisms to repair failed links and circumvent failed nodes. A reliable high bandwidth streaming transport layer has also been created. The Intel Mote was deployed in an equipment monitoring application using industrial vibration sensors. This application was chosen since it benefits from the increased platform capabilities and network bandwidth of the Intel Mote platform. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the observed network operation, packet transfer rates, and power consumption.
The Influence of Institutional Investors on Myopic R&D Investment Behavior

This paper examines whether institutional investors create or reduce incentives for corporate managers to reduce investment in research and development (RD otherwise, institutional ownership serves to reduce pressures on managers for myopic investment behavior.
A Layered Architecture for the Exploration of Heterogeneous Information Using Coordinated Views

In a real-world decision support application, users often want to search data from various sources according to some criteria, build a visualization based on the data being retrieved, and use the visualization to explore the data. With our approach, these activities are supported within the same workspace. Views are dynamically created by binding each data set to a visualization template according to the user's preferences. The resulting views are then arranged into a larger coordinated view. In our layered architecture, dataflows through the layers becoming encapsulated inside of metadata that describes the visual attributes being added, this metadata determines both the individual views and the dynamic interactions within a coordinated view. Dynamic interactions are implemented using a mediated notification services architecture
Trafficking Women after Socialism: To, Through, and From Eastern Europe

Furthermore as the epigraphs attest the methods used to traffic women have stood the test of time; traffickers still use variants of them today. Then as now some used marriage or promises of marriage to recruit women and girls; others assured them of domestic service or entertainment work abroad. Still others enticed women already engaged in prostitution who then willingly left for foreign brothels. Whatever the particularities of the recruitment method there has been no shortage of persons ready to benefit from the availability of women and girls once they have agreed to the proposed arrangements for their transit: from procurers who have sold them to pimps who take portions of their earnings to brothel madams who have kept them in debt bondage to local policemen who have had financial and other interests in keeping the brothel system alive and well. In this article we examine the traffic in women to through and from post-socialist Eastern Europe. We first discuss the complex interrelations between trafficking prostitution and labor migration as well as the relationship between gendered economic transitions in Eastern Europe the traffic and the global sex trade. We then review contemporary trafficking routes to through and from eastern Europe noting the significance of militarization poverty and gender. We close by outlining key issues in the development of strategies to combat trafficking and suggest the need to more critically refine its conceptualization. (excerpt)
Frequency Quantized Nondiffracting X Waves in a Confined Space

This paper presents theoretical results indicating that newly discovered nondiffracting beams we call X waves, can propagate in a confined space (wave guide) with specific quantized temporal frequencies. These results could have applications in nondispersive transmission of acoustic, electromagnetic (microwaves) and optical energy through wave guides as well as provide new localized wave functions of de Broglie waves in quantum mechanics.
Sustained virological response and its treatment predictors in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 compared to genotypes 1, 2, and 3: a meta-analysis

Background Pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN+RBV) may be more cost-effective than direct-acting antivirals in resource-limited settings. Current literature suggests sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is similar to genotype 1 (HCV-1), but worse than 2 and 3 (HCV-2/3). However, few studies have compared treatment response between these groups and these have been limited by small sample sizes with heterogeneous designs. We performed a meta-analysis of SVR predictors in HCV-4 versus HCV-1, 2, and 3 patients treated with PEG-IFN+RBV. Methods In November 2013, we searched for ‘genotype 4’ in MEDLINE/EMBASE databases and scientific conferences. We included original articles with ≥25 treatment-naive HCV-4 and comparisons to HCV-1, 2, and/or 3 patients treated with PEG-IFN+RBV. Random effects modelling was used with heterogeneity defined by Cochrane Q-test (p value 50%). Results Five studies with 20 014 patients (899 HCV-4; 12 033 HCV-1; ...
A stable self-tuning controller in the case of multivariable systems having a general interactor matrix and bounded disturbances

An extension of a self-tuning controller in the presence of bounded disturbances to multivariable systems having a general interactor matrix is carried out. A proof of stability of the multivariable self-tuning control algorithm is given. The parameter estimation scheme uses recursive least squares with a dead zone, and the controller can be used for nonminimum-phase systems. >
Brachial Plexus Injury after Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery

The objective of this article was to review the literature regarding brachial plexus injury (BPI) in laparoscopic and robotic surgery. BPI complicates gynecologic laparoscopic surgery with an estimated incidence of 0.16%. Nevertheless, as the numbers of advanced laparoscopic and robotic procedures increase, the anticipated risk of this complication may rise as well. Robotic surgery often requires steeper Trendelenburg positioning and longer operative times when compared with traditional laparoscopic surgery. In this article we review the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of position-related BPI in the context of laparoscopic and robotic gynecologic surgery. We suggest a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of BPI. Recommendations for prevention of this complication are also provided.