cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Escalation and desistance of wife assault in marriage

This article examines two widely held beliefs concerning the nature of “careers” of wtfe assault. Most researchers and members of the public believe that assaultive behavior in marriage, once begun, tends to continue for the ltfe of the marriage. It is also commonly believed that minor violence (e.g., slapping, shoving, throwing things at a spouse) is unrelated to severe assaults (e.g.. punching, kicking, using a weapon). These beliefs are based on the most severe cases of wtfe battering, as described by the media and by women in shelters. Despite these beliefs, we suggest that wife assault is similar to other forms of deviance and crime, in that desistance is common and engaging in minor forms of deviance is a risk factor for engaging in major forms of deviance and crime. The articIe reports a study using data on a sample of 380 married respondents who reported some violence in their marriage in I985 and were reinterviewed in 1986. The jindings indicate that most marital violence is transient, but even minor violence by a wtfe poses a risk of escalation to more dangerous assaults by a husband. Theoretical and practical implications of thefindings are discussed.
Lidar Observations of Airfield Approach Conditions:An Exploratory Study

Abstract Lidar (laser radar) data obtained at Hamilton AFB, Calif., under conditions of low ceiling and visibility, are analyzed by hand and by electronic computer to explore the operational utility of lidar in determining cloud ceiling and visibility for aircraft landing operations. Hand analyses of the data show the ability of the lidar to describe the spatial configuration of the low-cloud structure in the direction of the landing-approach path. The problems inherent in evaluating lidar observations are discussed, and initial approaches to quantitative solutions by computer are presented. It is demonstrated that operationally useful information on the ceiling conditions contained in the hand analyses can be represented by digitizing the lidar data and subjecting these data to computer analysis.
Abstract 5198: Contribution of inflammatory cytokines to CD44-mediated breast cancer metastatic potential

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the inflammatory cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) and cell migration-promoting CD44 in breast cancer metastasis. OSM-induced CD44 expression was studied in multiple human breast cancer cell lines, including triple negative (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 and estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-positive (ER+/PR+) T47D and MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR demonstrated that OSM is capable of upregulating the expression of the standard form of CD44 (CD44s), as well as inducing multiple CD44 variants produced by alternative splicing. Confocal microscopy was performed and displayed highly organized CD44 around the edge of the cell after OSM treatment. OSM treatment also increased the breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) population (CD44+/CD24−), as measured by flow cytometry. To examine the importance of OSM-induced CD44 in tumor cell migration, we conducted migration assays with and without siCD44 and treatment with OSM. These results verified that OSM-induced CD44 is important for cellular migration. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that OSM increases the expression of CD44s and its variants, as well as induce a BCSC phenotype. Furthermore, we show that OSM-induced CD44 plays a role in migration, which is an essential characteristic of breast cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Hunter Covert, Liliana Mellor. Contribution of inflammatory cytokines to CD44-mediated breast cancer metastatic potential. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5198. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5198
Regular Inductive Limits

Given a sequence E1 ⊂ E2 ⊂ … of locally convex spaces with continuous inclusions, the locally convex inductive limit E = indlim En is called regular if every set bounded in E is also bounded in some En. Several necessary and sufficient conditions for the regularity of E are derived.
Immigration and Mental Health

New waves of immigrants arrive in the United States every year from countries where people are fleeing either wars, revolutions, political oppression or depressed economic conditions, however, immigration is a world-wide phenomenon and our attention is drawn to examine the stresses, reactions and identify psychiatric causalities in order to propose some guidelines for primary and secondary prevention so that these groups can be better integrated into the mainstream, thereby lowering the burden on the social services and the host communities.
Characterization of Membrane Interactions of Antimicrobial Lactoferricin Peptides with Central Residue Substitutions

The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to an active search for new and more effective antimicrobial drugs. A hexapeptide (LfB6: RRWQWR-NH2) derived from the iron-binding protein lactoferrin exhibits antimicrobial activity (Tomita, Acta Paediatr Jpn, 1994, 36:585). A related heptapeptide produced in our lab, with 4 positively charged arginines and 2 methylated tryptophans (RRMeWQMeWRR-NH2; MeTrp-LfB7), exhibits enhanced activity against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Substitutions of the central glutamine (Gln4;Q) residue that may alter peptide conformational flexibility are now being investigated. When Gln4 was changed to glycine (Gly;G) or proline (Pro;P), significant changes in peptide-membrane interactions were observed, although the antimicrobial activity was not increased. We now examine the effects of replacing Gln4 with gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), to introduce more flexibility; or D-Pro-Gly, to constrain the backbone into a β-hairpin turn (Stanger and Gellman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120:4236). The increased positive ellipticity at ∼230 nm observed in the CD spectrum of the D-Pro-Gly peptide in anionic membranes suggests significant Trp-Trp interactions. Tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra indicate that peptides with either GABA or D-Pro-Gly substitutions are more deeply buried in anionic membranes. Although the GABA and D-Pro-Gly peptides were both more active against gram negative (E. coli), compared to gram positive (S. aureus) bacteria, they were not as active as the Gln4 peptide. Investigations of the peptide-lipid interactions are being continued by means of solid-state 2H and 31P NMR spectra.
Abstract B2-32: Networks dynamics and opposite effects of Wnt5a on motility in melanomas

Melanoma is an aggressive cancer whose incidence continues to rise worldwide; furthermore, metastatic melanoma is associated with poor prognosis. Wnt signaling may lead to conflicting effects on the biology of melanoma as it may either decrease or increase the incidence of metastasis. Here, we show that Wnt5a enhances motility in 3/5 cell lines and represses motility in the other two. We measured the effects of perturbations of the levels of Wnt5a, HADHB, Pirin, and Mart1 on the levels of the seven molecules, Wnt5a, HADHB, Pirin, Mart1, Ret1, Stc2, and S100B in the five cell lines. The results uncovered unanticipated nonlinear molecular dynamics. Seeking a mechanistic explanation, we built network models consisting of ordinary differential equations representing signed directed graphs of the interactions between the seven molecules in the five cell lines. Simulations validate the results of the perturbation experiments and reveal that the indirect network-mediated effects of a molecule on another may annul or reverse its direct effects. Furthermore, network analysis and biological validation link HADHB and Pirin to motility. In summary, the findings reveal: 1) opposite effects of Wnt5a on motility in melanomas, 2) HADHB and Pirin control motility through their effects on Wnt5a, and 3) molecular targeting yields nontrivial nonlinear molecular dynamics, which are not readily anticipated. Citation Format: Mohammed Rasheed, Nidhal Bouaynaya, Lita M. Araysi, Tang Zhuo, Mei Li, Ping Zhou, Kareem El-Kattan, Hassan Fathallah-Shaykh. Networks dynamics and opposite effects of Wnt5a on motility in melanomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B2-32.
Space, Place and Biblical Studies: A Survey of Recent Research in Light of Developing Trends:

This article surveys developing research on the nature of space and place. It summarizes the arguments proposed by geographers and philosophers outside biblical studies, and then illustrates how bi...
Baynton and Mansfield’s Unsettling Women

In February 1913, Sydney was abuzz with excitement regarding ‘The Bush Girl’. A stage melodrama ‘entirely Australian [abounding] in sparkling incidents of bush life’, the play was packed with ‘picturesque scenes and dramatic situations’, including a ‘spectacular tit-bit’ when Kate, the heroine, rescues the hero from ‘a terrible death by fire, by felling a tree which bridged the chasm between her lover and safety’.1 It was so popular that, due to ‘the rush of theatergoers’, the Palace theatre reached capacity and had to turn disappointed Australians away. By this time, the eponymous Bush Girl was a seminal part of the Antipodean colonial lexicon, a key figure in the regional artistic imaginary. Peter Morton explains that this was a ‘local variant’ of the New Woman who was considered a ‘mate’ and ‘almost an honorary man’. The Bush Girl’s relaxed and easy nature with men and practical clothing evinced her equality, authenticity, and a refreshing straightforwardness distinct from the refined yet artificial turn-of-the-century Englishwoman.2 Women were repeatedly featured as crucial players in the construction of Nation and Empire, supporting their male partners by working alongside them.
Capnocytophaga keratitis. A clinicopathologic study of three patients, including electron microscopic observations.

Background: Histopathologic studies of this unusual keratitis caused by Capnocytophaga species have not been reported previously. Methods: The authors report the light microscopic and ultrastructural findings of three patients with a distinctive necrotizing keratitis caused by an anaerobic gramnegative bacillus. In three patients, ages 19, 81, and 91 years, a necrotizing stromal keratitis developed; two of these patients had a previous penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. The first patient did not have ocular surgery previously and was treated initially for presumed Acanthamoeba keratitis. Results: By light microscopy, all three keratectomy specimens were strikingly similar and showed a necrotizing and/or suppurative stromal keratitis displaying myriad slender, fusiform, gram-negative bacilli located anterior to Descemet's membrane and extending into the deep corneal stroma, assuming a "picket fence" appearance. Cultures of the cornea in case 1 grew Capnocytophaga ochracea . For the remaining two patients, a diagnosis presumptively was made based on characteristic histopathologic features. Results of electron microscopic examination showed numerous bacilli that were mostly extracellular; occasional organisms were phagocytosed by macrophages. Conclusion: The histopathologic features of Capnocytophaga keratitis are unique; therefore, a presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the morphology and location of the bacilli in the keratectomy specimens. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study describing the typical histopathologic and electron microscopic findings of Capnocytophaga keratitis.
Minimal Anti-Humeanism

ABSTRACTThere is a tension in our theorizing about laws of nature: our practice of using and reasoning with laws of nature suggests that laws are universal generalizations, but if laws are universal generalizations then we face the problem of explanatory circularity. In this paper I elucidate this tension and show how it motivates a view of laws that I call Minimal Anti-Humeanism. This view says that the laws are the universal generalizations that are not grounded in their instances. I argue that this view has a variety of advantages that could make it attractive to people with both Humean and anti-Humean inclinations.
The effects of classical trapping on the control of malaria transmission.

This paper investigates the effects of classical trapping on the control of malaria transmission. The Ross-Macdonald model is modified and a trapping probability function is introduced to construct a partial differential equation (PDE) system. The proof of existence and uniqueness of solution of density functions to the PDE system is given, numerical simulation results based on Gaussian distribution and exponential distribution are obtained for the solutions, and graphical representations of solutions are shown and interpreted.
Evolved Mechanisms of High-Level Visual Perception in Primates

This chapter examines mechanisms of high-level visual perception in primates from a comparative viewpoint. After introducing a conceptual framework for thinking about the evolution of vision, we review visual capabilities and neural circuits thought to support high-level vision across nonprimate mammalian orders. We then examine visual specializations that are apparently unique to primates, focusing on advanced social perception and visually guided manual actions.
EEGu2: an embedded device for brain/body signal acquisition and processing

Brain/Body Computer Interface (BBCI) technology facilitates research in human cognition and assistive technologies. BBCI acquires and analyzes physiological signals from human body/brain such as electroencephalography (EEG) to observe human physiological states and potentially enable external control. BBCI devices require accurate data acquisition systems with sufficient dynamic range for various brain/body signals. Also, embedded processing is desirable for real-time interaction and flexible deployment. However, most off-the-shelf BBCI devices are very costly, e.g. g.USBamp at $15K and do not offer embedded processing. Hence, an open embedded device for BBCI acquisition and processing is needed to foster the BBCI research. This paper proposes EEGu2 as a portable embedded BBCI device. Based on a BeagleBone Black (BBB), EEGu2 integrates a custom-designed cape including 2 PCBs: an acquisition board for 16-channel 24-bit acquisition up to 1KHz sampling frequency and a power board for wall charging and powering mobile operations. EEGu2 measurement shows a high acquisition accuracy with 25dB signal-to-noise ratio and 0.785μV peak-to-peak input referred noise. At maximum performance, the cape consumes 101.2 mW while BBB consumes 1850 mW. With two lithium batteries, EEGu2 operates independently 12 hours. We demonstrate the flexibility and portability of EEGu2 in the context of Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems (HiLCPS) that augments human interaction with physical world through BBCI. The EEGu2 firmware is integrated into the HiLCPS Framework to enable the location transparent access via the MATLAB interface. EEGu2 empowers rapid embedded BBCI application deployment and we show the flexibility of EEGu2 with a BCI Speller application that acquires real-time EEG signals and infers the user spelling based on Steady State Visually Evoked Potential.
The relationship between perceived gender judgment and well-being among surgical residents.

Abstract Background Physician well-being is a significant problem. Here we explore whether one factor, a resident's concern for being judged by one's gender, influences well-being. Methods Over two years at one institution, we surveyed surgical residents on validated measures of well-being as well as the extent to which they felt they were judged because of their gender (gender judgment). We used correlations and linear regression to investigate the relationships between gender judgment and well-being. Results There were 193 unique respondents (87% response rate). Women had significantly more concerns about gender judgment than men (M = 2.39, SD = 0.73 vs. M = 1.46, SD = 0.62, t = −9.47, p Conclusions The degree to which residents, both male and female, are concerned about being judged for their gender is significantly associated with worse well-being.
NUTRIENT CONTROL OF GROWTH AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL: SOME STUDIES CONDUCTED WITH CANDIDA UTILIS IN CONTINUOUS PHASED CULTURE

ABSTRACT The Monod growth theory would suggest that an organism requires a unit amount of nutrient (a ration) to reproduce itself, and quantitatively that this would depend upon the conditions prevailing for growth in the culture. However, it is not known how the ration is utilised: do cells acquire it slowly, intermittently, or at one time? Some feeding experiments conducted with phased culture of Candida utilis are described which show that mother cells develop preferentially under reduced supplies of the limiting nutrient and that the initial concentration of the nutrient is important.
Tillage effects on soybean growth, development, and yield

Cultivar selection is a crucial component to maximizing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. Little research exists on the relationship between cultivars and tillage practices in Iowa. Two experiments were established to address this relationship using conventional tillage and no-tillage systems. The first experiment evaluated twelve soybean cultivars at six locations across Iowa from 2007 to 2009 to determine the effect of cultivar performance in two tillage systems. The second experiment was conducted at two locations in Iowa during 2008 and 2009, and examined growth and development of four soybean cultivars in two tillage systems biweekly throughout each season. Few interactions were observed in both experiments. In the first experiment, no interaction was observed between tillage system and cultivar, indicating that a high yielding cultivar is high yielding regardless of tillage system. No yield differences were observed between tillage systems. Plants in the tilled system were 3 cm taller than in the no-tillage system at harvest. Yield differences existed among soybean cultivars, ranging from 4254 to 4930 kg ha. Cultivars resistant to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) yielded 108 kg ha less than cultivars susceptible to SCN. No differences were observed in yield components between tillage systems or cultivars. Based on both experiments, it was concluded that no differences exist between soybean grown in conventional tillage and no-tillage systems in Iowa and that local adapted cultivars can be selected to maximize yield regardless of tillage system in Iowa. Abbreviations: SCN, soybean cyst nematode.
Reduction Methods for State Enumeration Integer Programming

Integer programs with small bound intervals can often be dealt with effectively, by a state-enumeration procedure with reduction methods. Our approach features the consistent use of logical inequalities, derived during the computation, especially for influencing the choice of appropriate directions for the search effort.
Heterotopic ossification: diagnosis and management, current concepts and controversies.

(1999). Heterotopic Ossification: Diagnosis and Management Current Concepts and Controversies. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 273-283.
Thinking of Gender: On the Way to Emancipatory Higher Education in the Globalizing China

This chapter locates the activist rationale that originated the contemporary Chinese feminist movement in the predominantly neoliberal era. This means that despite the ambiguous relationship that the feminist movement holds with neoliberalism—a pervasive economized rationality of governing, its most significant contribution is creating a discursive space where education can slow down to care about, rather than suppress, the ambiguities and contradictions of subjective identities. Signifying what Tani Barlow termed “colonial modernity,” the “women’s problem” has led the envisioning of the accountability of modernist Chinese education throughout the twentieth century. The dominant eugenics and biopolitics that frame the mission of education are now being challenged by critical feminist thoughts that reevaluate the ontological meaning of difference from non-heteronormative perspectives. By bringing up the contestation of the philosophies of gendered difference, the movement provides scholarly and educational inquiry a window to recognize and rethink about the sexualized elements in the desire modern China has to portray and emulate the West. To the present, the contestation’s significance lies in its recognition of human’s vulnerability, which challenges the territorialization of “danger” that makes education both intimidating and susceptible.
Intraoperative anesthetic management of the liver transplant recipient with portopulmonary hypertension.

Purpose of review Liver transplantation in patients with portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is associated with increased perioperative risk. Important recent advances in the management of liver transplantation recipients with POPH are discussed. Recent findings The presence of POPH at the time of liver transplantation should not be a contraindication for liver transplantation, as POPH is common and may be related to volume overload and/or high cardiac output (CO). Available data suggest that patients with mild POPH (25-35 mmHg) can safely undergo liver transplantation surgery. In more severe cases, treatment of POPH with a combination of vasoactive drugs may lead to successful liver transplantation with normalization of POPH. The key to successful intraoperative anesthetic management is maintaining the right ventricular preload and avoiding right ventricular dysfunction. Techniques include diuresis, intraoperative hemodialysis, venovenous bypass, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Apart from the surgical and anesthetic techniques used, factors that contribute to increased pulmonary vascular resistance have to be avoided and the continuation of the vasodilators into the intraoperative and postoperative periods is crucial. Summary The current article provides a review of the current challenges and advances in the management of liver transplantation recipients with POPH from the anesthetic point of view.
Impact of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions on Graft–Matrix Wetting and Structure in Polymer Nanocomposites

We present a new coarse-grained (CG) model that captures directional interactions between graft and matrix polymer chains in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) comprising polymer grafted spherical nanoparticles in a matrix polymer. In this CG model we incorporate acceptor and donor CG beads along with graft and matrix monomer CG beads and optimize the bonded and nonbonded interactions to mimic directional and specific H-bonding between the acceptor and donor sites on graft and matrix chains, respectively. Using this CG model and molecular dynamics simulations we show that H-bonding interactions between graft and matrix polymer chains increase the grafted layer wetting by matrix chains compared to that at the purely entropic limit. One can achieve equivalent grafted layer wetting in PNCs with directional acceptor–donor interactions and PNCs with isotropic graft–matrix interactions, but the directional acceptor–donor interaction strength needs to be much stronger than the isotropic graft–matrix monomer attractio...
Sensorineural Hearing Loss in the Nonimplanted Ear Following Cochlear Implantation in a Patient With Bilateral Enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts.

Objective:To document the case of a patient with bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts who experienced sensorineural hearing loss in the nonimplanted ear following unilateral cochlear implantation complicated by perilymph gusher requiring lumbar drain insertion and to highlight the need to counsel
Allostatic stress load and CMV serostatus impact immune response to maximal exercise in collegiate swimmers.

Allostatic stress load is associated with impaired immune response to maximal exercise in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive subjects but not in CMV-seronegative young healthy adults.
Gaps between the digits: On the fleshy unknowns of the human

Abstract Artificially intelligent systems (ai) are increasingly becoming the ubiquitous, unseen arbiters of our social, civic and familial lives. Ever increasing computational power, combined with almost limitless data, has led to a turning point in the way artificial intelligence assists, judges, and cares for humans. In the wake of such power we must ask ourselves what it is that we are making inherently unknowable as the world becomes more predictable, managed, and discrete. Building on the work of black feminists Sylvia Wynter and Hortense Spillers, I perform a reading of the “flesh”. I aim to hint towards a different field of relations and a knowledge politic premised on unknowability and the radical potential of the subjugated to foster new imaginaries of the human fluid enough to weather instability. This piece troubles the boundaries inscribed between things. Settled in the flesh of blackness, we are reminded of the ways that blackness floods the landscape of productive reason while holding outlier ways of being beyond Western Man. This paper seeks to return to the pulse found within the flesh as a critical site for thinking through alternate ways of being, within the messiness, the unstable, the precarious; finding life born of transition, the pulse within discord.
Comparison of muscle fiber types from 2-year-old fillies of the Belgian, Standardbred, Thoroughbred, Quarter Horse and Welsh breeds.

The percentages of three muscle fiber types in the biceps femoris and triceps brachii were determined in five breeds of horses: Belgians, Standardbreds, Thoroughbreds, Quarter Horses and Welsh ponies. Biopsies were taken from the two muscles from each of four 2-year-old untrained fillies of each breed. Percentages of red, white and intermediate fiber types were determined from tissues stained for succinic dehydrogenase activity. Intermediate fibers were the most numerous for all breeds. The difference between red and white fibers varied significantly with breed. Thoroughbreds had the highest percentage of red fibers and Belgians had the most white fibers.
Chapter 4 – Psychostimulants

Indirect sympathomimetics, such as cocaine and amphetamines, have a long history of being used in tonics and other preparations to allay fatigue and sustain performance. These drugs have an equally long history of abuse and dependence, with episodic, collective social amnesia about the behavioral toxicity associated with excessive use. Cocaine and amphetamines have a characteristic abuse cycle that consists of binge administration and withdrawal dysphoria, paranoia, and psychosis-like symptoms as the cycle continues and intensifies. The abuse potential varies with the availability of the drug, both environmentally and physiologically. Intravenous and smoked forms of both cocaine and amphetamines produce much more severe addiction than other routes of administration. Cocaine and amphetamines produce euphoria, increase activity, facilitate performance (particularly in situations of fatigue), and decrease appetite. Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanism of action of psychomotor stimulant drugs at the behavioral, neuropharmacological, and molecular levels that have important implications for understanding the neurobiology of addiction.
End-to-end Multimodel Deep Learning for Malware Classification

Malicious software (malware) is designed to cause unwanted or destructive effects on computers. Since modern society is dependent on computers to function, malware has the potential to do untold damage. Therefore, developing techniques to effectively combat malware is critical. With the rise in popularity of polymorphic malware, conventional anti-malware techniques fail to keep up with the rate of emergence of new malware. This poses a major challenge towards developing an efficient and robust malware detection technique. One approach to overcoming this challenge is to classify new malware among families of known malware. Several machine learning methods have been proposed for solving the malware classification problem. However, these techniques rely on hand-engineered features extracted from malware data which may not be effective for classifying new malware. Deep learning models have shown paramount success for solving various classification tasks such as image and text classification. Recent deep learning techniques are capable of extracting features directly from the input data. Consequently, this paper proposes an end-to-end deep learning framework for multimodels (henceforth, multimodel learning) to solve the challenging malware classification problem. The proposed model utilizes three different deep neural network architectures to jointly learn meaningful features from different attributes of the malware data. End-to-end learning optimizes all processing steps simultaneously, which improves model accuracy and generalizability. The performance of the model is tested with the widely used and publicly available Microsoft Malware Challenge Dataset and is compared with the state-of-the-art deep learning-based malware classification pipeline. Our results suggest that the proposed model achieves comparable performance to the state-of-the-art methods while offering faster training using end-to-end multimodel learning.
Race/ethnicity, gender, and the Intel Westinghouse Science Award: a 16-year descriptive analysis

The model minority stereotype of Asian Americans suggests that they are overrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. This article considers 16 years of Intel Westinghouse Science Award finalists (n = 640) data procured online. The data are analyzed to determine whether there are racial/ethnic or gender patterns among the finalists. Social Network Theory informs data analysis and interpretation of results. Findings suggest that homophily, the tendency for people/institutions to interact with similar others, contributes to the demographic patterns of the Intel Westinghouse finalists. Contrary to the expectation that White males from private boarding schools are the most likely to be Intel Westinghouse Science Award finalists, the data indicate that Asian American males who attend public schools are significantly more likely to be finalists.
-ADIC EISENSTEIN SERIES AND -FUNCTIONS OF CERTAIN CUSP FORMS ON DEFINITE UNITARY GROUPS

We construct p-adic families of Klingen Eisenstein series and L-functions for cuspforms (not necessarily ordinary) unramified at an odd prime p on definite unitary groups of signature (r, 0) (for any positive integer r) for a quadratic imaginary field K split at p. When r = 2, we show that the constant term of the Klingen Eisenstein family is divisible by a certain p-adic L-function.
Serum Biomarkers of Iron Status and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major contributor to the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States and other developed countries. Iron, an essential metal primarily stored in hepatocytes, may play a role in the development of NAFLD-related HCC. Epidemiologic data on iron overload without hemochromatosis in relation to HCC are sparse. This study aimed to examine the associations between serum biomarkers of iron and the risk of HCC in patients with NAFLD. Methods: We identified 18,569 patients with NAFLD using the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center electronic health records from 2004 through 2018. After an average 4.34 years of follow-up, 244 patients developed HCC. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HCC incidence associated with elevated levels of iron biomarkers with adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, history of diabetes, and tobacco smoking. Results: The HRs (95% CIs) of HCC for clinically defined elevation of serum iron and transferrin saturation were 2.91 (1.34–6.30) and 2.02 (1.22–3.32), respectively, compared with their respective normal range. No statistically significant association was observed for total iron-binding capacity or serum ferritin with HCC risk. Conclusions: Elevated levels of serum iron and transferrin saturation were significantly associated with increased risk of HCC among patients with NAFLD without hemochromatosis or other major underlying causes of chronic liver diseases. Impact: Clinical surveillance of serum iron level may be a potential strategy to identify patients with NAFLD who are at high risk for HCC.
Universal Symmetry Constraint Extraction for Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits with Graph Neural Networks

Recent research trends in analog layout synthesis aim for a fully automated netlist-to-GDSII design flow with minimum human efforts. Due to the sensitiveness of analog circuit layouts, symmetry matching between critical building blocks and devices can significantly impact the overall circuit performance. Therefore, providing accurate symmetry constraints for automated layout synthesis tools is crucial to achieving high-quality layouts. This paper presents a novel graph-learning-based framework leveraging unsupervised learning to recognize circuit matching structures by making the most of numerous unlabeled circuits. The proposed framework supports both system-level and device-level symmetry constraints extraction for various large-scale analog/mixed-signal systems. Experimental results show that our framework outperforms state-of-the-art symmetry constraint detection algorithms with remarkable accuracy and runtime improvement.
Cardiomyoplasty: latissimus dorsi muscle function with training

Cardiomyoplasty is a new surgical treatment for heart failure in which skeletal muscle assists the heart. However, for the first 2 weeks postoperatively, the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) remains unstimulated, and during the next 2 weeks, the LDM is stimulated with only one pulse every other heart beat. Thus, for the initial 4 postoperative weeks, minimal systolic assistance is provided. This study determined if the LDM is capable of providing early assistance after 4 weeks of training. Cardiomyoplasty surgery involves severing the perforating intercostal arteries to the LDM, detaching the LDM from its distal insertion, and wrapping it around the heart. At each of these steps, we measured LDM global shortening in 6 dogs with 4 weeks training of the LDM. By training the LDM a significant functional improvement was seen with a preserved capability to sustain contraction even after raising the muscle. >
Stress and psychophysiological dysregulation in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a prevalent musculoskeletal pain disorder characterized by diffuse pain and associated psychophysiological symptoms. Despite extensive research in the past 3 decades, the etiology and pathophysiology of FMS and effective treatment approaches are yet to be delineated. Recently, it has been suggested that FMS may be related to hypofunctional stress systems, particularly in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies have demonstrated that patients with FMS exhibit lowered sympathoadrenal reactivity to stress. These findings seem to be consistent with the large volume of research indicating the inverse relationship between pain sensitivity and sympathetic reactivity. In this paper, we discuss the role of stress in the pain experience in general, stress in patients with FMS, and review the studies evaluating the ANS and HPA functions in response to various stressors.
Debilitating Alexander v. Choate: ‘Meaningful Access’ to Health Care for People with Disabilities

Since the 1985 decision of Alexander v. Choate, it has generally been assumed that financially-motivated cutbacks in state-provided health care cannot be successfully confronted as discrimination against people with disabilities. This article first challenges the reading of Alexander as precluding the use of disability discrimination law to object to limitations in state financing of health care. Based on case law interpreting Title II of the ADA, it then elicits an account of "meaningful access" to public services in terms of equality of opportunity to make use of the services. State programs that fail to provide people with disabilities equal opportunity to make meaningful use of health care services can be challenged as disability discrimination. This strategy for debilitating Alexander v. Choate is especially important in light of current cutbacks in state support for public services.
Characterization of human CS1 gene promoter in NK and B cells (IRM7P.485)

CS1 (CRACC, SLAMF7 or CD319) is a member of SLAM (Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule) family receptors and is expressed on NK cells, CD8+ T lymphocytes, mature dendritic cells and activated B cells. Unlike other SLAM members, CS1 shows SAP (SLAM-associated protein) independent but EAT-2 (Ewing’s Sarcoma associated transcript) dependent signaling in human NK cells. CS1 has been shown to be overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and a humanized monoclonal antibody against CS1 is in phase 2 clinical trial for MM. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of human CS1 gene. In contrast to the multiple transcription initiation sites in human and mouse 2B4 genes that are driven by TATA-less promoters, we found that proximal region of CS1 promoter contains CAAT box and atypical TATA-box that might result in common transcription initiation at -29 nucleotides upstream of the ATG translation start codon. Relative luciferase activities of successive deletion mutants of CS1 promoter were different between Blimp-1-positive YT cells and Blimp-1-negative DB cells. Our electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicates that Blimp-1 binds to putative Blimp-1 binding site at -750 to -746 region of CS1 promoter. This suggests a possible activating role of Blimp-1 transcription factor in certain circumstances. Understanding CS1 gene expression and regulation will help in developing immune based therapy for B cell-mediated diseases, such as SLE and MM.
Theory of the Small Amplitude Shape Oscillations of a Helium-II Drop

We present an analysis of the small amplitude shape oscillations of a superfluid helium drop surrounded by saturated helium vapor. The equations of the two-fluid model are used to describe the liquid motion within the drop. The calculations are performed for two different sets of boundary conditions at the surface of the drop. The first set corresponds to the physical situation in which no evaporation or condensation of helium takes place during the oscillation (no evaporation model), whereas the second set apply when the liquid at the surface of the drop is always in phase equilibrium with the vapor (equilibrium model). The theoretical results for frequency and damping rate are then compared with experimental data.
Generalized solution techniques for preference-based constrained optimization with CP-nets

Computational agents can assist people by guiding their decisions in ways that achieve their goals while also adhering to constraints on their actions. Because some domains are more naturally modeled by representing preferences and constraints separately, we seek to develop efficient techniques for solving such decoupled constrained optimization problems. This paper describes a parameterized formulation for decoupled constrained optimization problems that subsumes the state-of-the-art algorithm of Boutilier et al., representing a wider family of alternative algorithms. We empirically examine notable members of this family to highlight the spaces of decoupled constrained optimization problems for which each excels, highlight fundamental relationships between different algorithmic variations, and use these insights to create and evaluate novel hybrids of these algorithms that a cognitive assistant agent can use to flexibly trade off solution quality with computational time.
Phosphorus Overabundance in Quasars Re-Examined

Absorption features in the UV spectra in about 10–15% of quasars show very broad profiles, indicating outflow velocities from the quasars of one or even two tenths the speed of light. Determinations of the abundances of some elements, particularly phosphorus, have yielded apparent large overabundances relative to solar. However, it has recently been shown that the absorbing gas which does not completely cover the continuum source of the emission-line clouds may have large optical depth so that the absorption lines are heavily saturated, leading to spurious overabundances of some elements, including phosphorus.
Risks and Efficiency in the Islamic Banking Systems: The Case of SelectedIslamic Banks in MENA Region

The present paper examined the correlation between risks and efficiency within Islamic banks in the MENA area. This paper used three stages of analyses. The first stage consisted of measuring the efficiency of those banks by employing the nonparametric technique, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) while the second stage involved analyzing risks by measure credit, operational, and liquidity risks using financial ratios. The third stage would be employing Pearson Correlation Coefficients to examine the correlation between credit, operational, liquidity risks to efficiency for the period of 2006 to 2009. The study results have revealed credit risk has negative relationship to efficiency, while operational risk has found to be negatively correlated to efficiency too. The liquidity risk showed insignificant correlation to efficiency in Islamic banks in MENA area.
Cutting Edge: Caspase-11 Limits the Response of CD8+ T Cells to Low-Abundance and Low-Affinity Antigens

Inflammatory caspases, including caspase-11, are upregulated in CD8(+) T cells after Ag-specific activation, but little is known about their function in T cells. We report that caspase-11-deficient (Casp11(-/-)) T cells proliferated more readily in response to low-affinity and low-abundance ligands both in vitro and in vivo due to an increased ability to signal through the TCR. In addition to increased numbers, Casp11(-/-) T cells had enhanced effector function compared with wild-type cells, including increased production of IL-2 and reduced expression of CD62L. Casp11(-/-) T cells specific for endogenous Ags were more readily deleted than wild-type cells. These data indicate that caspase-11 negatively regulates TCR signaling, possibly through its ability to regulate actin polymerization, and inhibiting its activity could enhance the expansion and function of low-affinity T cells.
Triaxial Testing of Bituminous Mixtures

INTEREST IN USING A TRIAXIAL SHEAR STRENGTH METHOD OF TEST, PARTICULARLY AS A MEANS OF EVALUATING FUNDAMENTAL STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES, HAS INCREASED. AT THE PRESENT TIME THERE ARE SEVERAL TECHNIQUES IN USE THAT UTILIZE THE PRINCIPLES OF TRIAXIAL SHEAR TESTING FOR THE DESIGN AND STRENGTH EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIXTURES. THE STATUS OF TRIAXIAL TESTING AS A MIX DESIGN METHOD AND RESEARCH TOOL IS SUMMARIZED ALONG WITH THE VARIOUS TRIAXIAL TEST PROCEDURES THAT ARE BEING USED.
Duplication of the segment q12.2 leads to qter of chromosome 22 due to paternal inversion 22(p13q12.2)

A 1730-g male infant, born at 37 weeks gestation, had multiple congenital anomalies, consisting of microcephaly, hypertelorism, bilateral cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, lowset ears, and cryptorchidism. Chromosome analysis showed a recombinant 22 derived from the paternal inversion (22) (p13q12.2). The proband's karyotype is 46,XY,rec(22),dup q,inv(22)(p13q12.2)pat, which has a duplication of q12.2→qter. An identical recombinant has been reported in a female infant in Mexico whose mother was a carrier of the inversion. Similar congenital anomalies present in these two patients demonstrate the phenotype of duplication of the distal long arm 22. This report also documents the occurrence of an identical inversion in two apparently unrelated Mexican families.
Unified Behavior Framework for Reactive Robot Control

Behavior-based systems form the basis of autonomous control for many robots. In this article, we demonstrate that a single software framework can be used to represent many existing behavior based approaches. The unified behavior framework presented, incorporates the critical ideas and concepts of the existing reactive controllers. Additionally, the modular design of the behavior framework: (1) simplifies development and testing; (2) promotes the reuse of code; (3) supports designs that scale easily into large hierarchies while restricting code complexity; and (4) allows the behavior based system developer the freedom to use the behavior system they feel will function the best. When a hybrid or three layer control architecture includes the unified behavior framework, a common interface is shared by all behaviors, leaving the higher order planning and sequencing elements free to interchange behaviors during execution to achieve high level goals and plans. The framework's ability to compose structures from independent elements encourages experimentation and reuse while isolating the scope of troubleshooting to the behavior composition. The ability to use elemental components to build and evaluate behavior structures is demonstrated using the Robocode simulation environment. Additionally, the ability of a reactive controller to change its active behavior during execution is shown in a goal seeking robot implementation.
The carbohydrate-protein linkage in ovomucoid

Abstract The amino acid residues involved in linkage with the carbohydrate of ovomucoid have been proposed as aspartic and glutamic acids ( Tanaka, 1961 ) and serine or threonine ( Hartley and Jevons, 1962 ). Since it was indicated earlier ( Chatterjee and Montgomery, 1962 ) that ovomucoid contains several oligosaccharides and not a single polysaccharide, the possibility existed that each oligosaccharide could be linked to different types of amino acid. The present work shows that ovomucoid contains three similar oligosaccharide units, each of which is linked to aspartic acid.
Selecting School Counselors: Ranking the Characteristics:

What characteris tics do principals consider most im portant when hiring a school counselor? The answer, as re vealed in a study conducted by the authors, might surprise you.
Factors affecting the trace-metal content of human hair

Both present-day and historical head-hair samples up to 300 years old are being analysed by neutron activation for more than 30 trace elements. This study, designed to determine an historical base-line for the human intake of trace metals and to provide an evaluation of the present-day rate of increase and sources of environmental pollution, has direct forensic applicability. Modern samples being analysed in this study include hair from U. S. Naval Academy midshipmen and U.S. Air Force Academy cadets obtained upon arrival at the Academies in mid-1971 and again at later intervals during which trace-metal equilibration due to fixed diets and environmental conditions is presumed to occur. A wide variety of factors such as age, sex, hair structure and color, geographic location, general diet, socieconomic status are being considered in evaluating the analysis data. Examples of some of the initial data obtained from the analysis of the first three sets of Naval Academy midshipmen hair are presented.
Invariant additive subgroups of a certain kind

LetR be a prime ring with a nonzero nil right ideal, and letM be the union of all nil right ideals ofR. IfW is an additive subgroup ofR which is invariant under conjugation by all special automorphisms 1+x forx ∈M, then eitherW is central orW contains a noncommutative Lie ideal ofR. Assuming thatW is invariant under only those 1+x forx ∈M andx2=0, the same conclusion holds if the extended centroid ofR is not GF(2).