cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of the Lutheran Pastors' Manual in the Sixteenth Century

Among the many changes brought about by the Reformation, perhaps one of the most obvious was the new image of the Protestant pastor. No longer was he set apart from his parishioners by the privileges of a separate estate or by the requirement of clerical celibacy. His most important functions were preaching and teaching, rather than the administration of the sacraments and other ecclesiastical ceremonies. Although there were clearly continuities between the duties performed by the late medieval priest and the new Protestant pastor, there was also a significant change in emphasis and in the expectations concerning the pastor's duties.
Effects of hypothermia on Pavlovian conditioning in the rabbit: I. Nictitating membrane response

The nictitating membrane of New Zealand White rabbits was classically conditioned during normothermia and severe hypothermia. After 100 daily acquisition trials for 5 days, the severe hypothermic rabbits only had a mean of 2% conditioned responses in comparison to the 94% conditioned response performance reached by the normothermic rabbits on the 3rd day. The topography of the unconditioned response for the severe hypothermic rabbits consisted of a reduction in amplitude, longer latencies, and no habituation.
Metarhiziopsis microspora gen. et sp. nov. associated with the elongate hemlock scale

A sporodochial fungus collected from the elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa (Ferris) in Coventry, Connecticut, is described. This fungus has characteristics of both Metarhizium and Myrothecium but develops setae surrounding white to buff sporodochia and dry conidia in chains, a combination of characters found in neither genus. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete small subunit ribosomal DNA (ssu), partial ef1-alpha, and complete 5.8S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 shows that the fungus is allied with a subclade within Cordyceps including the species C. agriota, which places this fungus in the Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae sensu lato or the newly erected Ophioclavicipitaceae. Morphological observation and molecular analysis indicate that this fungus is sufficiently different from Metarhizium and Myrothecium to warrant the erection of a new anamorphic genus. Therefore Metarhiziopsis microspora gen. et sp. nov. is proposed.
A. Whitney Sanford: Growing Stories from India: Religion and the Fate of Agriculture

The hard lines that have been drawn between facts and values, humans and nature, science and religion, appear to be softening. The foundational work for this transformation was already laid by luminaries like Alfred North Whitehead, Michael Polanyi, Karl Popper, Gregory Bateson, Wendell Berry, and others. More recently Ellen Davis (Scripture, Culture and Agriculture) and Norman Wirzba (Food and Faith) have taken on the task of relating some of the perceived failures in our current food system to some of the biblical wisdom in ancient Judeo-Christian literature. And now we can add Whitney Sanford’s new book, Stories From India: Religion and the Fate of Agriculture to this list. Whitney begins by pointing out that ‘‘scholars in religious studies and South Asian studies have become increasingly aware of the connections between human life and the environment, and, more recently, agriculture.’’ Using the narratives from these resources Whitney addresses two questions: ‘‘How does Hindu thought conceptualize the human relationship to the earth in terms of agriculture? And Does Hinduism offer strategies to alleviate the social and environmental costs associated with industrial agriculture?’’ (7). Her answer to both of these questions is a resounding, yes. But in the process she points out the important role that myths and narratives play in the way we see our world and the way we act in it. She argues that such influences are particularly relevant to how we conceive of, and develop, our food and agriculture world. The predominant narrative informing modern, industrial agriculture is one that insists that maximum efficient production for short term economic return has to be our singular goal. That narrative largely leaves out any consideration for the long
Design and Evaluation of a Multiprocessor Architecture with Decentralized Control

This paper presents design and evaluation of a decentralized control mechanism of a variable-topology (phase-reconfigurable) multiprocessor architecture. We design and implement an active crossbar communication processor(XCP) which encodes a set of communication instructions. The new interconnection network approach provides an apt phase-reconfiguration method. The new method is distributed in nature and does not require a global control bus that is a time consuming feature as verified in many existing systems. A conjugate-gradient algorithm for solving a linear system equations is used to perform evaluation and comparison.
Large Woody Debris and Salmonid Habitat in the Anchor River Basin, Alaska, Following an Extensive Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) Outbreak

Abstract A widespread and intense spruce beetle outbreak during the 1990s has killed most of the mature white spruce (Picea glauca) trees across many watersheds in south-central Alaska. To investigate the potential habitat impacts in a salmon stream, we characterized the current abundance and species composition of large woody debris (LWD), examined the linkages between LWD and salmonid habitat, and estimated changes in LWD abundance and associated pool habitat over time. LWD abundance was relatively low (97 pieces/km overall) and varied widely according to riparian vegetation typology, ranging from 15 pieces/km at sites with non-forested riparian zones to 170 pieces/km at sites adjacent to cottonwood forest. LWD provided significant fish cover in pools, especially in cottonwood forest stream reaches. LWD-formed pools were relatively rare (15% of total), but LWD abundance explained much of the variation in pool frequency (r2 = 0.86 in spruce forest reaches) and in the proportion of pool habitats (r2 = 0.8...
Chikungunya virus transmission--more than meets the eye.

appropriate screening measures be instituted in areas that are at high risk for active CHIKV circulation in the donor population. CHIKV is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes severe arthralgia and myalgia in infected humans. The name chikungunya is derived from a Makonde language word meaning “that which bends up,” and consistent with this name (although the virus is associated with a wide range of symptoms, including fever, rash, and headache), the defining symptoms are severe arthralgia and myalgia that are often debilitating. Although generally acute, a significant subset of individuals develop chronic arthralgias that can
Positron emission tomography, echo-doppler, and exercise studies of functional capacity in hypertensive heart disease.

Abstract Background This study examines the relationship between functional capacity, left ventricular diastolic function, and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods We studied 16 patients with LVH and 10 controls. Functional capacity was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise, MPR by positron emission tomography, and left ventricular diastolic function by echo-Doppler. Results Functional capacity and MPR were significantly lower in the patients. Functional capacity correlated positively with MPR and left ventricular diastolic function. Conclusions Diminished functional capacity in patients with hypertension-induced LVH is related to the impairment in MPR and left ventricular diastolic function.
Development and application of functional gene arrays for microbial community analysis

Functional gene markers can provide important information about functional gene diversity and potential activity of microbial communities. Although microarray technology has been successfully applied to study gene expression for pure cultures, simple, and artificial microbial communities, adapting such a technology to analyze complex microbial communities still presents a lot of challenges in terms of design, sample preparation, and data analysis. This work is focused on the development and application of functional gene arrays (FGAs) to target key functional gene markers for microbial community studies. A few key issues specifically related to FGAs, such as oligonucleotide probe design, nucleic acid extraction and purification, data analysis, specificity, sensitivity, and quantitative capability are discussed in detail. Recent studies have demonstrated that FGAs can provide specific, sensitive, and potentially quantitative information about microbial communities from a variety of natural environments and controlled ecosystems. This technology is expected to revolutionize the analysis of microbial communities, and link microbial structure to ecosystem functioning.
Pemphigus Foliaceus in 91 Dogs

A retrospective study of 91 dogs with pemphigus foliaceus was performed. Clinical signs of the disease included crusts (n=79), pustules (n=36), and alopecia (n=33). Lesions were most common on the trunk (n=53), inner pinnae (n=46), face (n=37), and foot pads (n=32). Cytological evaluation revealed acantholytic keratinocytes in 37 of 48 dogs. Results of combination treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine were comparable to results with prednisolone therapy alone. More than half of the dogs achieved remission with appropriate therapy, and another 25% significantly improved.
t for Two: Using Mnemonics to Teach Statistics:

This article provides a list of statistical mnemonics for instructor use. This article also reports on the potential for such mnemonics to help students learn, enjoy, and become less apprehensive about statistics. Undergraduates from two sections of a psychology statistics course rated 8 of 11 mnemonics as significantly memorable and helpful in learning statistics. Undergraduates rated the 3 remaining mnemonics as helpful after excluding students who did not recall those mnemonics (beyond scale midpoint). Other measures indicated a relatively high regard for the overall use of statistical mnemonics. In particular, mnemonics were rated as motivating and fun. Students also reported moderate belief that mnemonics could reduce statistics anxiety. The variety of positive findings suggests strong promise for statistical mnemonics.
Emerging functions of SRSF1, splicing factor and oncoprotein, in RNA metabolism and cancer

Serine/Arginine Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) is the archetype member of the SR protein family of splicing regulators. Since its discovery, over two decades ago, SRSF1 has been repeatedly surprising and intriguing investigators by the plethora of complex biological pathways it regulates. These include several key aspects of mRNA metabolism, such as mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, as well as other mRNA-independent processes, such as miRNA (miR) processing, protein sumoylation, and the nucleolar-stress response. In this review, the structural features of SRSF1 are discussed as they relate to the intricate mechanism of splicing and the multiplicity of functions it performs. Similarly, a list of relevant alternatively spliced transcripts and SRSF1 interacting proteins is provided. Finally, emphasis is given to the deleterious consequences of overexpression of the SRSF1 proto-oncogene in human cancers, and the complex mechanisms and pathways underlying SRSF1-mediated transformation. The accumulated knowledge about SRSF1 provides critical insight into the integral role it plays in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and suggests new targets for anti-cancer therapy.
Reaching Criterion of a Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverter Operating With Passive and Nonlinear Loads and Its Impact on Global Stability

We develop and demonstrate a technique based on composite Lyapunov functions (CLFs) to analyze the impacts of passive (RL and RC) and nonlinear (diode rectifier) loads on the reaching dynamics of a three-phase voltage-source inverter (VSI). The reaching criterion (which ensures convergences of state trajectories to an orbit) is synthesized using piecewise linear models of the VSI and the loads and conditions for switching among the various models (corresponding to the different switching states). Once orbital existence is ensured using the reaching criterion , we extend the CLF-based approach to predict the stability of the nominal (period-1) orbit of the system (comprising the three-phase VSI and the load) and compare these predictions with those obtained using a conventional impedance-criterion technique that is developed based on a linearized averaged model. Overall, we demonstrate the significance of analyzing the reaching condition from the standpoint of orbital existence and why such a criterion is necessary for analyzing global stability. On a broader note, the methodology outlined in this paper is useful for analyzing the global stability of multiphase inverters, potentially leading to advanced control design of VSI for applications including uninterrupted power supplies, telecommunication power supplies, grid-connected inverters, motor drives, and active filters.
An efficient learning algorithm for the backpropagation artificial neural network

Two conditions for reducing the number of learning iterations in backpropagation artificial neural networks are introduced. The first condition is to scale the target output so that it falls within a small range (+or-0.1) of the point at which the slope of the nonlinear activation function of the output node is maximum. This point is 0.5 for the sigmoid function. The second condition is to learn the input patterns selectively, not sequentially, until the error is reduced below the desired limit. Introducing the techniques does not affect the memory retention or generalization capabilities of such networks. The application of these concepts to the classical XOR learning algorithm problem resulted in a reduction in the number of learning iterations by a factor of seven over the results published by D.E. Rumelhart et al. (Parallel Distributed Processing, vol.1, chap.8, Cambridge, MIT Press). >
Errors of the Third Kind in Statistical Consulting

Abstract Because graduate students in statistics are given little, if any, preparation for actual consulting, they are prone, particularly in their early years, to commit errors of the third kind, many of which could be avoided if the students were properly trained. Errors of the third kind are defined and are illustrated with actual examples from consulting experience. The cases used represent types of error which result from different situations that arise frequently in practice. Some discussion is included of possible remedies for this problem that are suggested by the experience of educators in other fields.
Paleoindian environmental change and landscape response in Barger Gulch, Middle Park, Colorado

Middle Park, a high-altitude basin in the Southern Rocky Mountains of north-central Colorado, contains at least 59 known Paleoindian localities. At Barger Gulch Locality B, an extensive Folsom assemblage (˜10,500 14C yr B.P.) occurs within a buried soil. Radiocarbon ages of charcoal and soil organic matter, as well as stratigraphic positions of artifacts, indicate the soil is a composite of a truncated, latest-Pleistocene soil and a younger mollic epipedon formed between ˜6000 and 5200 14C yr B.P. and partially welded onto the older soil following erosion and truncation. Radiocarbon ages from an alluvial terrace adjacent to the excavation area indicate that erosion followed by aggradation occurred between ˜10,200 and 9700 14C yr B.P., and that the erosion is likely related to truncation of the latest-Pleistocene soil. Erosion along the main axis of Barger Gulch occurring between ˜10,000 and 9700 14C yr B.P. was followed by rapid aggradation between ˜9700 and 9550 14C yr B.P., which, along with the erosion at Locality B, coincides with the abrupt onset of monsoonal precipitation following cooling in the region ˜11,000–10,000 14C yr B.P. during the Younger Dryas oscillation. Buried soils dated between ˜9500 and 8000 14C yr B.P. indicate relative landscape stability and soil formation throughout Middle Park. Morphological characteristics displayed by early Holocene soils suggest pedogenesis under parkland vegetation in areas currently characterized by sagebrush steppe. The expansion of forest cover into lower elevations during the early Holocene may have resulted in lower productivity in regards to mammalian fauna, and may partly explain the abundance of early Paleoindian sites (˜11,000–10,000 14C yr B.P., 76%) relative to late Paleoindian sites (˜10,000–8000 14C yr B.P., 24%) documented in Middle Park. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood vascular system of the sea cucumber, Stichopus moebii.

Stichopus moebii, a sea cucumber, has a closed circulatory system which is unique in its degree of development for the phylum Echinodermata. The gross anatomy, histology and fine structure of the system were studied. Blood vessels consist of a coelomic surface of ciliated epithelium, a layer of muscle and nerve cells, followed by connective tissue and luminal lining of endothelium. Basically the blood vascular system consists of two major vessels running parallel to the gut: the dorsal vessel pumps colorless blood via the vessels within the walls of the intestine into the ventral vessel. There are two specialized areas of the circulation: (1) At the upper small intestine 120 to 150 muscular single-chambered hearts pump blood from the dorsal vessel into a series of intestinal plates. (2) At the lower region of the small intestine the vasculature is associated with the left respiratory tree. Blood passing from the dorsal pulmonary vessel can take two routes to the gut, it either passes through myriads of minute respiratory shunt vessels entangled with the respiratory tree or it passes through a unique follicle network consisting of tiny channels periodically dilated into chambers filled with iron deposits, necrotic cells and developing coelomocytes.
Object modeling using tomography and photography

This paper explores techniques for constructing a 3D computer model of an object from the real world by applying tomographic methods to a sequence of photographic images. While some existing methods can better handle occlusion and concavities, the techniques proposed have the advantageous capability of generating very high-resolution models with attractive speed and simplicity. The application of these methods is presently limited to an appropriate class of mostly convex objects with Lambertian surfaces. The results are volume rendered or surface rendered to produce an interactive display of the object with near life-like realism.
The red nucleus in the monkey (Macaca mulatta): a Golgi and an electron microscopic study.

This study of the ultrastructure of the red nucleus of the monkey (Macaca mulatta) also includes light microscopic observations made with Golgi, Nissl and one micron plastic section techniques. Sagittal Nissl sections reveal the abrupt transition between the magnocellular and parvicellular division of the nucleus; therefore, it is advantageous to study the red nucleus in this monkey because small tissue blocks from each of its subdivisions can be prepared for electron microscopy. The characteristic neurons of the magnocellular division have well formed, evenly distributed Nissl bodies. The multipolar cell bodies (50–70 μ) and elongated cell bodies (80–90 μ in length) are the large or giant neurons; those 30 to nearly 50 μ are the medium-size neurons of some descriptions. The characteristic neurons (20–30 μ) of the parvicellular division, referred to here as medium-size neurons, have no distinct Nissl granules and their Nissl substance usually occupies the peripheral rim of their cell bodies. In both subdivisions of the nucleus there are small (10–15 μ), achromatic, Golgi type II neurons. The cell bodies of the large neurons have prominent somatic spines and their dendrites and the dendrites of the medium-size neurons have scattered spines. There are large (4–5 × 10–12 μ) and small (1–2 μ) synaptic endings on the dendrites. Some of the former are formed at nodes of Ranvier. It is suggested that the large endings are terminals of the superior cerebellar peduncle.
Cardiovascular nuclear imaging: from perfusion to molecular function

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is a well established clinical imaging technique for the diagnostic and prognostic workup of coronary artery disease, and it has been the mainstay of cardiovascular radionuclide applications for decades. The field of cardiovascular imaging, however, is changing. Several alternative imaging methodologies for non-invasive assessment of perfusion have emerged. At the same time, nuclear imaging technology has progressed significantly towards higher sensitivity and resolution, and novel, highly specific radiotracers have been introduced. These developments are indicators of a steady evolution of nuclear cardiology beyond the assessment of myocardial perfusion, towards characterisation of molecular events on the tissue level. As such, radiotracer techniques will take a leading role in the emerging paradigm of personalised medicine, where preventive/therapeutic strategies are based on individual disease biology. Since its introduction around 35 years ago,w1 MPS has evolved into a robust, well established clinical tool to assess myocardial perfusion for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with known or suspected ischaemic heart disease. ### Myocardial perfusion SPECT Tl-201 was the first myocardial perfusion radiotracer, which became commercially available in 1977.w2 In the early 1980s, Tc-99m labelled perfusion tracers (Tc-99m-sestamibi and -tetrofosmin) were introduced to overcome some limitations of Tl-201.w3–5 The higher energy of emitted gamma rays (140 keV vs 69–83 keV) reduces attenuation and scatter artefacts, resulting in better image quality. The shorter radioactive half-life (6 h vs 72 h) allows for administration of higher tracer doses with less radiation exposure. Of note, the molecular characteristics determining myocardial uptake and retention of these tracers (Na/K-ATPase for Tl-201, mitochondrial binding for sestamibi and tetrofosmin)—which are proportional to myocardial blood flow within most parts of the physiologic flow range, but underestimate true flow in the higher flow range—are well understood.w6 w7 The diagnostic performance of MPS has been assessed extensively. A recent study of 2560 …
Depression and Economic Failure and Debate on Low Interest Rate Regimes

Classical Interest Rate dictum is examined mathematicaly and it's bearing on stability of present situation of major Economies and reason conjured.
New Technetium-Labeled Myocardial Perfusion Agents

This article reviews current information on three new 99mTc-labeled myocardial perfusion agents currently being developed and evaluated.
Meiotic behavior in the mushroom Collybia maculata var. scorzonerea.

(1968). Meiotic Behavior in the Mushroom Collybia Maculata Var. Scorzonerea. Mycologia: Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 451-456.
Effects of insulin deficiency and cortisol administration on mobilization of protein to gluconeogenesis.

SummaryThe effects of insulin deficiency and cortisol on the mobilization of protein to glucose have been studied. Rats were fed on a diet supplemented with C14 labeled hydrolyzed algae protein for 10 days. After stopping the intake of labeled amino acids, they were treated with anti-insulin serum or cortisol and the radioactivity of tissue protein, blood glucose and glycogen was studied. Rats treated with anti-insulin serum or cortisol 60 hours after C14 administration showed an increase in blood glucose and liver glycogen (only in cortisol treated animals) but no increase in incorporation of C14 into glucose was observed. When anti-insulin serum or cortisol was given 24 hours after C14 administration, an increase both in radioactivity of blood glucose and liver glycogen (only in cortisol treated animals) was observed. These studies indicate that short-lived protein components contribute to increased gluconeogene-sis whereas proteins with slower turnover rates were not as effectively catabolized. Under t...
Shaping Productive Help-Seeking Behavior During Robot-Child Tutoring Interactions

In intelligent tutoring systems, one fundamental problem that limits learning gains is the unproductive use of on-demand help features, namely overuse or aversion, resulting in students misusing the system rather than engaging in active learning. Social robots as tutoring agents have the potential to mitigate those behaviors by actively shaping productive help-seeking behaviors. We hypothesize that effectual help-seeking behavior is a critical contributor to learning gains in a robot-child tutoring interaction. We conduct a between-subjects study where children interacted with a social robot solving fractions problems over multiple sessions (29 children; 4 sessions per child) in one of two groups. Results showed that participants in our experimental group, who received adaptive shaping strategies from the robot targeting suboptimal help requests, reduced their suboptimal behaviors over time significantly more than a control group, as well as improved their scores from pretest to posttest significantly more than a control group.
Attending to the grief associated with involuntary job loss.

Identifies the financial, personal, social, and spiritual traumas associated with job loss and recommends pastoral and prophetic responses to this reality.
Land use potential evaluation of small region based on GIS

According to the existing land evaluation system and the evaluation form,the evaluation system,evaluation unit and evaluation form coincident with the actual situation in the project area are established,and then the weight of each indicator is analyzed.Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and appropriate mathematical model,the quantitative weight classification table is arrived,and then the land use capacity is evaluated.
Temporal bone radiology report classification using open source machine learning and natural langue processing libraries.

Background Radiology reports are a rich resource for biomedical research. Prior to utilization, trained experts must manually review reports to identify discrete outcomes. The Audiological and Genetic Database (AudGenDB) is a public, de-identified research database that contains over 16,000 radiology reports. Because the reports are unlabeled, it is difficult to select those with specific abnormalities. We implemented a classification pipeline using a human-in-the-loop machine learning approach and open source libraries to label the reports with one or more of four abnormality region labels: inner, middle, outer, and mastoid, indicating the presence of an abnormality in the specified ear region.
Alternative medicine complements standard. Various forms focus on holistic concepts.

Western or conventional medical practices are founded on the principle of Newtonian physics; the body is viewed as a large clock whose broken parts are fixed or replaced. The placebo effect, hypnosis, psychoneuroimmunology, and spontaneous remission have recently inspired researchers to look beyond this mechanistic model toward a new paradigm of greater understanding regarding the entity we call "human beings." The premise of alternative medicine, based on the paradigm of whole systems, suggests that human beings are more than physical bodies with fixable and replaceable parts; they are a complicated network of pulsating energy frequencies often described in terms of a human aura. Western researchers now call this "the human energy field." Homeopathy, acupuncture, polarity healing, and the healing power of touch are only a few of the more common branches of holistic medicine that unite body, mind, and spirit for optimal health. The U.S. Congress has appropriated more than $2 million to the National Institutes of Health to research the validity of alternative or complementary medicines. In light of proposed changes in the healthcare system, alternative medicine may eventually be incorporated into the American structure of healthcare delivery. Proponents of holistic medicine agree that various forms of alternative medicine should be used to complement, rather than compete, with, the current accepted standard of healthcare.
Conclusions: Structure, Process and Reciprocity

Disasters and human tragedy capture our attention in a compelling way. The unfolding tale of the 1974 and 1979 DC10 catastrophes dramatically reveals the connections between system and unit levels of analysis, between micro and macro actors and variables, and begin to tell us something about the process of change in our world. These catastrophes were the result of linkages between micro actors — corporate engineers and government bureaucrats working on narrowly defined projects — and the larger forces of change in international power and market structures. The prevailing international civil aviation regime, as an intervening variable between international and domestic structures and processes, both influenced and was influenced by the nature of these linkages.
Airtanker Flight Distance between Fires: Random Fire Starts on Line Segments

Under high initial attack fire loads, dispatchers sometimes redirect airtankers that are working on other fires. The inherent variability of flight distance between random fire locations is a potentially important aspect of any model that would reallocate the airtanker resource between fIres. Requisite formulas are derived, and computational procedures are provided in this article for the stochastic description of airtanker flight distances between fire-start locations randomly located along straight-line segments. Numerical approximations· and comparisons with prior work confirm the results of detailed examples that establish a blueprint for application and continued model development. FOR. SCI. 51(5):460-471. .
Unpacking Assumptions in Research Synthesis: A Critical Construct Synthesis Approach

Research syntheses in education, particularly meta-analyses and best-evidence syntheses, identify evidence-based practices by combining findings across studies whose constructs are similar enough t...
Reversible Photochemical Transformation of S and H2 Mixture to (H2S)2H2 at High Pressures

We report the reversible photochemical transformation of sulfur–hydrogen mixture to (H2S)2H2, which occurs through an expanded state of photoactive a-S phase of sulfur at 4 GPa. Upon further compression, the photoproduct (H2S)2H2 undergoes a phase transition at 17 GPa, and 40 GPa. The pressure-induced Raman changes indicate that the phase transition from phase I to II at 17 GPa is associated with the proton-ordering process in (H2S)2H2, evident by the profound splitting of S–H and H–H vibrational modes, whereas the transition at 40 GPa is accompanied by the disappearance of all the S–H stretching and bending modes and partial dissociation to sulfur. With increase in pressure, the molar volume of (H2S)2H2 is substantially larger than that of S + H2 mixtures, suggesting the significance of photochemical effect in order to drive the reaction from S + H2 to (H2S)2H2. In addition, we have also provided the thermal- and pressure-induced effect in the mixtures using confocal Raman spectroscopy. From our results,...
Tissue-Engineered Tendon for Enthesis Regeneration in a Rat Rotator Cuff Model

Abstract Healing of rotator cuff (RC) injuries with current suture or augmented scaffold techniques fails to regenerate the enthesis and instead forms a weaker fibrovascular scar that is prone to subsequent failure. Regeneration of the enthesis is the key to improving clinical outcomes for RC injuries. We hypothesized that the utilization of our tissue-engineered tendon to repair either an acute or a chronic full-thickness supraspinatus tear would regenerate a functional enthesis and return the biomechanics of the tendon back to that found in native tissue. Engineered tendons were fabricated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells utilizing our well-described fabrication technology. Forty-three rats underwent unilateral detachment of the supraspinatus tendon followed by acute (immediate) or chronic (4 weeks retracted) repair by using either our engineered tendon or a trans-osseous suture technique. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Biomechanical and histological analyses of the regenerated enthe...
Self-reconfigurable architectures for HEVC Forward and Inverse Transform

This work introduces a run-time reconfigurable system for HEVC Forward and Inverse Transforms that can adapt to time-varying requirements on resources, throughput, and video coding efficiency. Three scalable designs are presented: fully parallel, semi parallel, and iterative. Performance scalability is achieved by combining folded/unfolded 1D Transform architectures and one/two transposition buffers. Resource usage is optimized by utilizing both the recursive evenodd decomposition and distributed arithmetic techniques. The architecture design supports video sequences in the 8K Ultra High Definition format (76804320) with up to 70 frames per second when using 6464 Coding Tree Blocks with variable transform sizes. The self-reconfigurable embedded system is implemented and tested on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 All-Programmable System-on-Chip (SoC). Results are presented in terms of performance (frames per second), resource utilization, and run-time hardware adaptation for a variety of hardware design parameters, video resolutions, and self-reconfigurability scenarios. The presented system illustrates the advantages of run-time reconfiguration technology on PSoCs or FPGAs for video compression. Self-reconfigurable system can trade-off resources and performance.The parameterized hardware code allows for large design space exploration.A different coding efficiency requirement can trigger reconfiguration.A case made for run-time reconfigurable technology for video encoders and decoders.
Decentralization and public–private diplomacy in the business and human rights field

This chapter sheds light on the legal developments that came to sideline U.S. courts with respect to achieving remedies for foreign-cubed business & human rights matters. It examines the reality of ever more robust cross-border protections for corporate property and shareholders’ rights versus the retention of a soft and ultimately voluntary approach to corporate responsibilities. In response, there have emerged new external channels for corporate responsibility that — untethered to national systems of corporate governance — can better address the state’s embedded protectiveness over its domestic corporations.
Does enjoying friendship help or impede academic achievement? Academic and social intrinsic value profiles predict academic achievement

AbstractWe examine the intrinsic value students placed on schoolwork (i.e. academic intrinsic value) and social relationships (i.e. social intrinsic value). We then look at how these values predict...
Why the Perfect Being Theologian Cannot Endorse the Principle of Alternative Possibilities

I argue that perfect being theologians cannot endorse the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (AP). On perfect being theology, God is essentially morally perfect, meaning that He always acts in a morally perfect manner. I argue that it is possible that God is faced with a situation in which there is only one morally perfect action, which He must do. If this is true, then God acts without alternative possibilities in this situation. Yet, unless one says that this choice is not free, one must say that God has acted freely without alternative possibilities.
Clinical Trial Design and Implementation in Neuro-Oncology

Abstract This chapter is a succinct overview of clinical trial design and conduct as it pertains to neuro-oncology. The basic principles involved in phase I, II, and III cancer clinical trials for both the traditional cytotoxic agents and molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy are discussed. We will also explore innovative clinical trial design with adaptive approaches. Additionally, special challenges that must be considered in the design and implementation of brain tumor clinical trials are given closer examination.
Point Defects, Charge, and Diffusion

Until now we have only considered the ideal structures of crystals, where each atom or ion is on a regular site in the crystal. Real crystals contain a variety of imperfections or defects. In crystalline ceramics and glasses, the structure and chemistry of the material is determined by the kinetics of defect movement. For example, the kinetics of the glass-to-crystal transformation are slow if the temperature is low (typically <1,000°C) because the transformation occurs by atoms moving—in ceramics, this usually occurs by point defects moving. If point defects move too slowly, the structure with the lowest energy (the equilibrium structure) may never actually be achieved. How fast they move is determined by their structure.
Salmonella interactions with professional phagocytes.

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) initiates infection by adhering to and invading the intestinal mucosa. Bacterial multiplication in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is accompanied by spread to the regional lymph nodes where macrophages that line the lymphatic sinuses form a first effective barrier to prevent further spread. In humans, pigs or cattle, this host defense mechanism successfully limits bacterial expansion and the infection remains localized to the intestine and the GALT. This localized disease is termed Salmonella gastroenteritis and the prominent symptom or sign of disease is acute diarrhea (Figure 1). However, if the macrophages located in the draining lymph nodes fail to limit bacterial spread, S. typhimurium can cause a systemic illness. Both the immune status of the host and the innate susceptibility of the host species determine whether infection results in localized or systemic disease. For instance, in children, elderly or immunocompromised patients S. typhimurium infections are more frequently complicated by bacteremia and systemic illness, than in immunocompetent individuals (Miller et al. 1995). In contrast, in immunocompetent, genetically susceptible mice, S. typhimurium causes a systemic disease called murine typhoid (Figure 1). During this infection S. typhimurium spreads from the GALT by way of the efferent lymphatics and the thoracic duct into the vena cava. Open image in new window Figure 1 Course of infection characteristic of the two main disease syndromes caused by S. typhimurium. Murine typhoid (left half) is a systemic illness with signs of disease that differ from those developing in pigs, cattle or man infected with S. typhimurium (right half).
The Efficacy of a Video-Based Teamwork-Building Series with Urban Elementary School Students: A Pilot Investigation

Abstract The Talking with TJ teamwork-building series is a video-based program designed to promote social/emotional competence in elementary school children. The program emphasizes group planning, diversity appreciation, and teamwork. Although it has been implemented in schools and by children's social organizations nationwide, empirical investigations have not evaluated its use in urban school districts. This article presents pilot data on the effectiveness of “TJ” with a sample of 208 third-grade students from an urban district designated “high risk” due to poverty, community violence, and below average reading abilities. TJ had significant positive effects on several aspects of students' social concept, but did not lead to significant behavior changes over the 5-week intervention period. These results suggest that the program is a promising means of increasing feelings of self-efficacy for students participating in cooperative problem solving tasks, but a longer-term intervention is likely necessary to produce significant behavioral effects.
The Feigned Issue in the Federal System

This paper explores the history and doctrinal implications of a now-obscure procedural device, the feigned issue, in the U.S. federal judiciary. The feigned issue was first developed in England, as a tool of the Chancery to resolve a single factual issue through a jury trial at common law. The procedure took the form of an action at law based on false declarations in the pleadings, usually concerning a fictitious wager, and was commonly used in American state and federal courts until the mid-nineteenth century. Because the federal judiciary has never employed separate courts of law and equity - the institutional division that gave birth to the feigned issue in England - this essay seeks to explain how and why the feigned issue survived in the federal system, and why the procedure disappeared when it did. Today, feigned issue has become a term of legal opprobrium that signifies a false case, an effort to deceive the court or to evade the jurisdictional standing requirements of Article III. The essay identifies three potential reasons for this change. The first was an evolution of the substantive law of wagering at the state level. Once wagering contracts in general were no longer enforceable, the feigned issue became regarded as more of an anachronism than a legitimate judicial procedure. The second was a change in equity practice. Because an equity court awarding a feigned issue could also order alterations in the procedures or evidentiary rules of the common-law trial - in particular, the testimonial disqualification of parties for interest - the procedure served as a flexible tool of introducing oral evidence into equity practice, as well as an early form of case-by-case fusion of law and equity. As oral evidence and cross-examination began to enter equity practice generally, the need for the feigned issue as an evidentiary tool diminished substantially. The third and final factor was the advent of fusion in the state systems. While this process did not affect the federal courts directly, it did introduce an alternative to the feigned issue, namely the simple empanelling of an advisory jury. Once the state systems eschewed fictions in favor of direct orders for a jury trial, the federal courts began to follow suit, even while retaining the older terminology of the feigned issue.
P064Evaluation of MIA FORA NGS FLEX HLA typing kit

Aim As the HLA database expanding, traditional SBT method results in more and more ambiguities and requires increasing additional testing. We evaluated Mia Fora FLEX11 NGS typing kit with automation intending to replace SBT with NGS. Methods 108 DNA samples were selected. 92 and 16 samples were previously typed by SBT and rSSO/SSP, respectively. All DNA were prepared from blood except 4 from buccal swab and 3 from B cell line. DNA were extracted 2009-2017 with OD260/2801.51–2.05. NGS typing was performed following manufacturers automated protocol using Mia Fora FLEX11 kit. Results 313 unique alleles were tested in our validation cohort including 269 CWD alleles, 38 rare alleles, 3 null alleles and 7 new alleles. All DNA samples were successfully typed with typing results accurate to the resolution of third field according to WHO nomenclature. 11 ambiguities were identified which were all with DPB1. 7 potential new alleles were identified: 2 HLA-B, 1 DRB5, 1 DQA1 and 3 DPA1. NGS typing was 99.5% (1499/1506) concordant with previous typing at allele level. Discordance was observed with DQB1, DRB3/4/5 and DPA1 (Table 1). Allele dropout was observed in 1 out of 23 DQB1*06:02 and 2 out of 11 DRB4*01:01 in the validation cohort. Both dropouts can be predicted by allele association with DQA1 or DRB1. Sample repeat rate was 11% (18/161). Four samples failed due to software glitch with the Window 10 version but corrected when switched to the Linux Version. Most other failure was due to insufficient data which can be resolved by repeating test. The only failure that could not be resolved by repeat was DRB4*01:01 dropout. Download : Download high-res image (262KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions Comparing to SBT method, Mia Fora typing produced high resolution results with ambiguities only presented with DPB1 locus. Little or no additional testing was required. Mia Fora typing had a high concordance rate with previous typing results. A reasonable failure rate was observed where most could be resolved by repeating test except for some DRB4*01:01 dropout.
The Role of Genetics in Pancreatitis

Individuals with acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis may have an inherited predisposition to the development of the disease. Pancreatitis in the setting of a significant family history of the disease can be classified as hereditary or familial pancreatitis. In this article, the authors closely examine the specific genes implicated in pancreatitis, investigate the role of genetic testing for diagnosis, and describe the impact of genetic testing results on clinical management.
Abstract TP38: Drip and Ship versus Direct Transfer to Comprehensive Stroke Center: A Modelling Based Analysis

Introduction: The success of thrombectomy trials for acute ischemic stroke create 2 options for prehospital decision-making-(1) transport the patient to the nearest endovascular capable center (ECC...
The Trend, Feasibility, and Safety of Salpingectomy as a form of Permanent Sterilization

ABSTRACT Study Objective To assess the change in the rate of laparoscopic salpingectomy for sterilization after the release of the November 2013 Society of Gynecologic Oncology Clinical Practice Statement and the January 2015 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee Opinion: Salpingectomy for Ovarian Cancer Prevention. We hypothesized there would be an increase in salpingectomy as a percentage of total laparoscopic sterilizations performed without an increase in complications when compared with conventional bilateral tubal ligation (BTL). Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting Four university-affiliated hospitals in Houston, TX, and New York, NY. Patients All women 21 years or older who underwent interval laparoscopic permanent sterilization between April 2013 and September 2016. Interventions Sterilization by bilateral salpingectomy or conventional tubal ligation. Measurements and Main Results There were 454 sterilization procedures identified; 60% were BTLs, whereas 40% were salpingectomies. The rate of use of salpingectomy significantly increased from 5% to 9% in 2013 to 2014 to 78% by 2016. There was no significant difference in intraoperative or postoperative complications or estimated blood loss. The mean procedure time was 54 minutes for salpingectomy compared with 45 minutes for BTL (p Conclusions The Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ support of salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention increased its use for sterilization. Based on this study, laparoscopic bilateral salpingectomy is a safe method of sterilization without an increase in perioperative risk compared with conventional tubal ligation. Physicians should incorporate these findings and implications when counseling patients regarding contraception and permanent sterilization.
Using DDS Based on Unified Data Model to Improve Interoperability of Smart Grids

The connectivity of power domains is a key factor for realizing a smart grid. Different power domains in smart grid (SG) involves various types of applications and devices each of which comes with its own requirements. In addition, different communication protocols and data models have been already proposed to address those requirements. Due to the differences in communication technologies, interoperability challenges have been raised in SG. Interoperability issues not only deteriorate the connectivity of different domains, but also compromise the potentials of data sharing in SG. The Data Distribution Service (DDS) has emerged as a possible solution since it supports different features such as transport configuration and dynamic discovery mechanism. In this paper, we describe how DDS can be used to address both data interoperability and protocol interoperability in SG. We first describe interoperability issues in SG and then describe the use of a unified data model with DDS and configuring DDS for TCP/IP and UDP/IP. We also implement the configurations and present the results of the implementations for comparative analysis.