cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint is not associated with joint instability during typical isometric loading

The saddle-shaped trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint contributes importantly to the function of the human thumb. A balance between mobility and stability is essential in this joint, which experiences high loads and is prone to osteoarthritis (OA). Since instability is considered a risk factor for TMC OA, we assessed TMC joint instability during the execution of three isometric functional tasks (key pinch, jar grasp, and jar twist) in 76 patients with early TMC OA and 44 asymptomatic controls. Computed tomography images were acquired while subjects held their hands relaxed and while they applied 80% of their maximum effort for each task. Six degree-of-freedom rigid body kinematics of the metacarpal with respect to the trapezium from the unloaded to the loaded task positions were computed in terms of a TMC joint coordinate system. Joint instability was expressed as a function of the metacarpal translation and the applied force. We found that the TMC joint was more unstable during a key pinch task than during a jar grasp or a jar twist task. Sex, age, and early OA did not have an effect on TMC joint instability, suggesting that instability during these three tasks is not a predisposing factor in TMC OA.
Investigation of the short-circuit performance of an IGBT

This paper reports the internal dynamics of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT's) under short-circuit switching conditions. Short-circuit performance of IGBT's has been studied in detail with the aid of extensive measurements and numerical simulations. An advanced two-dimensional (2-D) mixed device and circuit simulator that incorporates the self-heating mechanism has been employed to examine IGBT behavior under short-circuit stress. Latch-up free punchthrough IGBT has been examined. It is shown that hot-spot generation due to current crowding and impact ionization is the cause of breakdown of an IGBT under short-circuit switching.
Redoximorphic Paleosols in Alluvial and Lacustrine Deposits, 1.8 Ga Lochness Formation, Mount Isa, Australia: Pedogenic Processes and Implications for Paleoclimate

ABSTRACT Paleosols in the Lochness Formation (1.8 Ga, Australia) include both rare, non-red and abundant, strongly reddened varieties that formed at subaerial exposure surfaces in both ephemeral-river and lacustrine settings. Physical processes dominated non-red paleosols, which were characterized by repeated episodes of desiccation, shrinking, and cracking alternating with wetting and introduction of sand, silt, clay, and iron oxyhydroxides into planar voids. Redoximorphic (oxidation-reduction) processes were especially intense for the red paleosols; redox depletions of Fe and Mn (hypoalbans) occur immediately adjacent to desiccation-related macropores and peds, whereas redox concentrations of Fe and Mn (quasi-coatings) occur within paleosol matrix adjacent to redox depletions. Illuviated cla and Fe-oxide coatings and hypocoatings are also common in planar macropores and on ped faces. Redoximorphic features indicate periodic water infiltration and saturation, accompanied by development of reducing conditions along planar macropores and ped surfaces in Lochness Formation paleosols. Variations in soil saturation were caused by seasonal fluctuations of lake level in lacustrine deposits, and by formation of perched saturation zones within floodplain deposits, respectively. Occurrences of red, hematitic paleosols in the Lochness Formation are compatible with previous interpretations of a weakly oxygenated 1.8 Ga paleoatmosphere. Redoximorphic features in the paleosols suggest a warm to cool temperate paleoclimate (mean annual soil temperature 5-20°C) characterized by seasonal saturation, by analogy with Quaternary redoximorphic soils. A minimal concentration of organic C (at least 1 wt %), possibly of microbial or bacterial origin, must have been present in these Proterozoic soils to allow for Fe reduction.
Coordinating work in complex organizations

Differentiation, interdependence, and interest conflict between work units were investigated as determinants of managerial selection between coordination strategies. One hundred and four MBA students with managerial experience participated in a simulation in which they were required to select a strategy to manage systematically different relations between work units. Findings reveal a three-way interaction between differentiation, interdependence, and interest conflict affecting the degree of cooperation and centralization of selected strategies. The formalization of such strategies was affected by an interaction between differentiation and interest conflict. Implications for theory and practice are described.
Mantle Pb paradoxes: the sulfide solution

There is growing evidence that the budget of Pb in mantle peridotites is largely contained in sulfide, and that Pb partitions strongly into sulfide relative to silicate melt. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that diffusion rates of Pb in sulfide (solid or melt) are very fast. Given the possibility that sulfide melt “wets” sub-solidus mantle silicates, and has very low viscosity, the implications for Pb behavior during mantle melting are profound. There is only sparse experimental data relating to Pb partitioning between sulfide and silicate, and no data on Pb diffusion rates in sulfides. A full understanding of Pb behavior in sulfide may hold the key to several long-standing and important Pb paradoxes and enigmas. The classical Pb isotope paradox arises from the fact that all known mantle reservoirs lie to the right of the Geochron, with no consensus as to the identity of the “balancing” reservoir. We propose that long-term segregation of sulfide (containing Pb) to the core may resolve this paradox. Another Pb paradox arises from the fact that the Ce/Pb ratio of both OIB and MORB is greater than bulk earth, and constant at a value of 25. The constancy of this “canonical ratio” implies similar partition coefficients for Ce and Pb during magmatic processes (Hofmann et al. in Earth Planet Sci Lett 79:33–45, 1986), whereas most experimental studies show that Pb is more incompatible in silicates than Ce. Retention of Pb in residual mantle sulfide during melting has the potential to bring the bulk partitioning of Ce into equality with Pb if the sulfide melt/silicate melt partition coefficient for Pb has a value of ∼ 14. Modeling shows that the Ce/Pb (or Nd/Pb) of such melts will still accurately reflect that of the source, thus enforcing the paradox that OIB and MORB mantles have markedly higher Ce/Pb (and Nd/Pb) than the bulk silicate earth. This implies large deficiencies of Pb in the mantle sources for these basalts. Sulfide may play other important roles during magmagenesis: (1) advective/diffusive sulfide networks may form potent metasomatic agents (in both introducing and obliterating Pb isotopic heterogeneities in the mantle); (2) silicate melt networks may easily exchange Pb with ambient mantle sulfides (by diffusion or assimilation), thus “sampling” Pb in isotopically heterogeneous mantle domains differently from the silicate-controlled isotope tracer systems (Sr, Nd, Hf), with an apparent “de-coupling” of these systems.
Hormone-dependent interaction between the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains of progesterone receptor in vitro and in vivo.

Full transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors requires functional synergy between two transcriptional activation domains (AF) located in the amino (AF-1) and carboxyl (AF-2) terminal regions. One possible mechanism for achieving this functional synergy is a physical intramolecular association between amino (N-) and carboxyl (C-) domains of the receptor. Human progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in two forms that have distinct functional activities: full-length PR-B and the amino-terminally truncated PR-A. PR-B is generally a stronger activator than PR-A, whereas under certain conditions PR-A can act as a repressor in trans of other steroid receptors. We have analyzed whether separately expressed N- (PR-A and PR-B) and C-domains [hinge plus ligand-binding domain (hLBD)] of PR can functionally interact within cells by mammalian two-hybrid assay and whether this involves direct protein contact as determined in vitro with purified expressed domains of PR. A hormone agonist-dependent interac...
The interactive effect of extraversion and extraversion dissimilarity on exhaustion in customer-service employees: A test of the asymmetry hypothesis

Testing the asymmetry hypothesis with regard to personality and one indicator of employee well-being, we explored the interactive effects of extraversion dissimilarity and individual extraversion on customer-oriented exhaustion. We predicted that high-extraversion individuals would experience increased exhaustion when their coworkers were dissimilar on the trait of extraversion, whereas low-extraversion individuals would be unaffected by dissimilarity, because they generally avoid coworker interaction. In a sample of 313 call center employees, we found that high-extraversion individuals experienced increased exhaustion when their coworkers were lower in extraversion, but this relationship was nonsignificant for low-extraversion individuals. These findings may help managers understand risk factors and prevent customer-oriented exhaustion among their customer-service employees.
Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring beliefs about savouring

Background: Research has shown that beliefs about one’s capacity to savour positive outcomes, a form of perceived control over positive emotions, are largely independent of beliefs about coping, a form of perceived control over negative emotions. Aim: To describe a new measure of savouring beliefs, the Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI). Method: Six studies validating the SBI that is designed to assess individuals’ perceptions of their ability to derive pleasure through anticipating upcoming positive events, savouring positive moments, and reminiscing about past positive experiences. Results: SBI scores were found to be: (a) positively correlated with affect intensity, extraversion, optimism, internal locus of control, reported self-control behaviours, life satisfaction, value fulfilment, self-esteem, and intensity and frequency of happiness; (b) negatively correlated with neuroticism, guilt, physical and social anhedonia, hopelessness, depression, and the frequency of unhappy and neutral affect; and (c) uncorrelated with socially desirable responding. SBI was validated prospectively by first measuring college students’ savouring beliefs and then later assessing their behaviours and affects in looking forward to, enjoying the actual experience of, and looking back on their Christmas vacation. Within each of the three time frames, the relevant SBI subscale generally predicted behaviours and affects more strongly than did the subscales associated with the other two temporal orientations. Finally, SBI was cross-validated in a sample of older adults. Conclusion: These results provide strong evidence that the SBI is a valid and reliable measure of individuals’ beliefs about their capacity to savour positive experiences through anticipation, present enjoyment, and reminiscence.
A dual polarized millimetre-wave multibeam phased array

This paper presents a single aperture multibeam spatial power combining system that can support two separate polarizations. A Rotman lens is used as the power dividing network, which also has the ability to scan the beam over discrete angles. 1/spl times/9 dual polarized array was designed to demonstrate the beam steering in azimuth plane. The entire system is designed for the Ka band, with a center frequency of 32.5 GHz. The use of MMIC amplifiers allow for high power multibeam capabilities. Through simulations and measurements, a /spl plusmn/30 degree scan range was achieved for the horizontal and vertical polarizations.
Processing of interaural temporal disparities in the medial division of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus.

The medial division of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLLm) contains a specialized population of neurons that is sensitive to interaural temporal disparities (ITDs), a potent cue for sound localization along the azimuth. Unlike many ITD-sensitive neurons elsewhere in the auditory system, neurons in the VNLLm respond only at the onset of tones. An onset response may be significant for behavior because, under echoic conditions, tones require sharp onsets for accurate localization. In contrast, noise can generally be localized even with gradual onsets, presumably because transients occur at random intervals in noise. We recorded responses of neurons in the VNLLm to tones and noise in unanesthetized rabbits. We found that although tones elicited a transient response, noise elicited a sustained response as if it was a sequence of transients. The responses to tones indicate that these neurons represent a secondary stage in the processing of ITDs. The onset response to tones was only weakly synchronized to the phase of the tone, indicating that neurons in the VNLLm inherit their sensitivity to ITDs from their inputs. The latencies were short (∼8 ms), implying that the ITD sensitivity is derived from ascending inputs. Most neurons in the VNLLm discharged maximally at the same ITD at all frequencies, a characteristic shared with neurons of the medial superior olive. However, the latency of neurons in the VNLLm to interaurally delayed stimuli is linked strongly to the timing of the contralateral stimulus. This suggests that these neurons receive a suprathreshold, contralateral input that is modulated by a subthreshold input conveying information about ITDs. Other stations in the auditory pathway contain a subset of neurons that respond transiently to tones and are sensitive to ITDs. These neurons may represent a novel pathway that assists in localizing sounds in the presence of reflections.
The effects of pubertal timing on externalizing behaviors in adolescence and early adulthood: A meta-analytic review

Using a meta-analytic approach, this investigation examines the association between early pubertal timing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence and early adulthood. The findings showed that the effect size of early pubertal maturation on externalizing behaviors was r = 0.180. This small, yet significant effect size is consistent with the models of early pubertal maturation in that early maturation is associated with higher levels of externalizing behaviors. Using contrast analyses, we examined three potential moderators of this association: sex, the concurrent versus long-term effect of early puberty, and types of puberty assessments. Neither sex nor type of pubertal timing assessment moderated the effect significantly. However, results indicated that the effect was stronger for studies that measured pubertal timing and externalizing behaviors concurrently rather than longitudinally (i.e., examining prospective effect of pubertal timing on later externalizing behaviors). The findings are discussed in terms of implications for future research.
Surgical Correction of Cubitus Varus

Cubitus varus can arise from distal humerus fractures in childhood as a result of malunion, nonunion, or overgrowth. Several types of distal humerus osteotomies have been described to treat this deformity, each with its own benefits, drawbacks, and complications. This article details the surgical technique and expected outcomes for 4 of the most commonly used types of distal humerus osteotomies in the treatment of cubitus varus. Specifically, we will describe the techniques for the lateral closing-wedge osteotomy, the step-cut osteotomy and its variations, the dome osteotomy and its variations, and the multiplanar osteotomy.
Architectural Regulation and the Fcc

First Amendment analyses of media regulation have long focused on government efforts to influence media content directly. In contrast, ownership restrictions and other forms of structural regulation have generally been thought to pose fewer First Amendment concerns. But structural regulation - such as efforts to foster free television over pay television, rate regulation of cable television, restrictions on the number of outlets one entity can own in any media market, and regulations limiting vertical integration in television and radio - have had a dramatic influence on program content. Not only can structural regulations reduce the overall quantity and quality of media programming, but they can also create biases against the diversity of media content. Put another way, structural regulation often represents a form of "architectural censorship".
Triad Conference with Instructor

This note ensures that students review their own work, review their peer feedback, and discuss it with their peers before a conference with their instructor. The conference takes place with the instructor and each "working triad," a group of students assigned to review each other's work. The note supplements "Peer Feedback Assignment" (UVA-BC-0164), which is paired with "Narrative Presentation: Telling the Company Story" (UVA-BC-0163).
A quantitative assay for avian myeloblastosis virus.

SummaryA quantitative assay for a leukosis virus has been developed. Chick embryo yolk sac and bone marrow cultures were infected with serial dilutions of avian myeloblastosis virus and were overlayed with purified agar dissolved in nutrient medium. Under these conditions well defined foci of transformed cells developed. There was a linear relationship between the number of these foci and the concentration of virus.
The Family in a Changing World

Increasing numbers of young mothers in the work force, more and more children requiring extrafamilial care, high rates of divorce, lower rates of remarriage, increasing numbers of female-headed households, growing numbers of zero-parent families, and significant occurrences of child maltreatment are just some of the social indicators indicative of the family in a changing world. These trends and their consequences for children are described and then examined from the perspectives of microeconomic theory, the relative-income hypothesis, sex-ratio theory, and one form of modernization theory. The paper concludes with a preliminary examination of the added explanatory power provided by evolutionary theory.
Relationships between Formation Water Chemical Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Generation in the South of Qianjiang Depression

The variation of salinity in formation water is mainly controlled by the factors of sedimentary water, diageneses and hydrocarbon evolution. Through analysis of salinity in formation water, important information can be provided for analyzing pool forming environment and predicting reservoirs. In studying formation water chemical characteristics and relations of hydrocarbon generation in the south of Qianjiang Depression, it is found that (1)the arrangement of salinity distribution in formation water is controlled by the salinity of sedimentary water; (2)salinity generation in formation water, formation compaction, diageneses and hydrocarbon generation are coherent stages, which represent good environments of petroleum generation, reserve and drainage;(3)the formation compaction velocity in high salinity formation is lower than that in fresh water formation, which is beneficial to preserve reservoir porosity; (4)closed formation water chemical environment is very important for pool forming and preserving.
High dietary phosphate intake induces hypertension and augments exercise pressor reflex function in rats

An increasing number of studies have linked high dietary phosphate (Pi) intake to hypertension. It is well established that the rise in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP) during physical exertion is exaggerated in many forms of hypertension, which are primarily mediated by an overactive skeletal muscle exercise pressor reflex (EPR). However, it remains unknown whether high dietary Pi intake potentiates the EPR-mediated SNA and BP response to exercise. Accordingly, we measured renal SNA (RSNA) and mean BP (MBP) in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats fed a normal Pi diet (0.6%, n = 13) or high Pi diet (1.2%, n = 13) for 3 mo. As previously reported, we found that resting BP was significantly increased by 1.2% Pi diet in both conscious and anesthetized animals. Activation of the EPR by electrically induced hindlimb contraction triggered greater increases in ΔRSNA and ΔMBP in the 1.2% compared with 0.6% Pi group (126 ± 25 vs. 42 ± 9%; 44 ± 5 vs. 14 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01). Activation of the muscle mechanoreflex, a component of the EPR, by passively stretching hindlimb muscle also evoked greater increases in ΔRSNA and ΔMBP in the 1.2% compared with 0.6% Pi group (109 ± 27 vs. 24 ± 7%, 38 ± 7 vs. 8 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01). A similar response was produced by hindlimb intra-arterial capsaicin administration to stimulate the metaboreflex arm of the EPR. Thus, our data demonstrate a novel action of dietary Pi loading in augmenting EPR function through overactivation of both the muscle mechanoreflex and metaboreflex.
Protocol for Cutaneous Wound Healing Assay in a Murine Model

Cutaneous wound healing assay is important to address many key questions including (1) migration ability of different cells; (2) communication between the different cell types such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells; (3) understanding the cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous function(s) of the different cells; and (4) gene regulation in healing processes. Wound healing studies can be used to test new treatment modalities, function of new drugs/compounds, and stem cell-based therapies on the different stages of healing and for accelerating wound healing in patients with compromised healing. In this chapter, we have described a simple step-by-step protocol to generate full-thickness cutaneous wounds in the dorsal skin of mice, followed by collecting the post-wounding biopsied materials on specific days for histological and immunohistochemical analyses and for RNA and protein extractions.
Co-Design Trade-Offs: Balancing Robustness, Performance, and Cost

This chapter addresses the problem of balancing the ideal ESD robustness technical solutions available against the real-world constraints of cost and performance limitations. A conceptual three-way continuum ?>trade-off gamut ?> is presented to help conceptualize the dynamic interplay between price (or cost), performance (or quality), and robustness (or susceptibility). Beyond the design community, this chapter also encourages manufacturing, marketing, and management to develop an appreciation of and understanding for the limitations and constraints of co-design by considering the end business opportunity costs of asking for too much of one specification, or not enough of another. This idea is then extended to the perspective of the end user experience, who holds the ultimate market-driven verdict on the product's success. Finally, the chapter considers the product co-design development cycle beyond a single product iteration to multiple product cycles and numerous application usage models.
Retrotransposon Contribution to Genomic Plasticity

Genomic instability is strongly linked to the development and malignancy of cancer, and by studying premalignant conditions we can gain a better understanding of the sources of genomic instability and improve cancer prevention and treatment. The genome is very unstable in both premalignant and malignant conditions; however, it is unknown as to what extent different types of instability contribute. Retrotransposition is an active source of genomic instability in the human genome and has the potential to change DNA structure and RNA expression. Retrotransposons are repetitive sequences that can “copy and paste” into the genome at new sites within an individual cell, and hundreds are known to be active in the human genome. Despite the enormous influence of retrotransposons on the genome composition of many organisms, the degree to which they contribute to somatic genomic instability is unknown. In order to review the current evidence supporting the activity of retrotransposons in the human genome and their contribution to various diseases we will introduce results from many studies in the field.
Left ventricle-mitral valve ring size mismatch: understanding the limitations of mitral valve repair for ischemic mitral regurgitation.

There are 750,000 patients diagnosed with a myocardial infarction in the United States yearly, of which approximately 25% will develop an ischemic cardiomyopathy complicated by significant mitral regurgitation (MR) (1,2). The occurrence of ischemic MR is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, which increases commensurate with the MR severity (2). It is caused by the abnormal mitral valve geometry that develops after the onset of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dilatation, which results in posterolateral and apical papillary muscle displacement, impaired systolic shortening of the interpapillary muscle distance, and mitral valve leaflet tethering (3,4). The subsequent disruption of the mitral valve closing-tethering forces leads to an incomplete systolic mitral valve closure and the development of ischemic MR. A dilated mitral annulus is also a common finding; however, its role in the development versus exacerbation of ischemic MR, is not clearly defined (4,5).
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Anxiety disorders are among the most common forms of emotional disturbance in children and adolescents. Although mild anxiety is typically transient, clinically severe anxiety is often chronic and can interfere substantially with adaptive functioning. Clinically severe anxiety often has its onset during childhood or adolescence. This chapter focuses on the assessment of anxiety disorders (e.g., separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and social anxiety disorder) in children and adolescents. It begins with a review of the nature of the disorders, which is followed by a review of clinical assessment instruments designed for the purposes of (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations are included for instruments with the greatest scientific support and for assessing anxiety and anxiety-related disorders in a clinically sensitive manner.
An extension of fourier type to quasi-Banach spaces

The inclusion (B0, B1)θ, p ⊂ [B0, B1]θ which is known to hold for couples of Banach spaces (B0,B1) where p depends on the Fourier types of B0 and B1 is generalized to the case of quasi Banach spaces. It turns out that when p<1 the natural extension of Fourier type p is p-normability.
Pharmacodynamic Optimization for Treatment of Invasive Candida auris Infection

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant threat. The pharmacodynamics of three antifungal classes against nine C. auris strains was explored using a murine invasive candidiasis model. The total drug median pharmacodynamic (PD) target associated with net stasis was a fluconazole AUC/MIC (the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC) of 26, an amphotericin B Cmax/MIC (maximum concentration of drug in serum divided by the MIC) of 0.9, and a micafungin AUC/MIC of 54. The micafungin PD targets for C. auris were ≥20-fold lower than those of other Candida species in this animal model. Clinically relevant micafungin exposures produced the most killing among the three classes.
Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges and Research Perspectives

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) that remains difficult to treat because underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In part, this is due to limitations of evaluating neuropathic pain in animal models in general, and SCI rodents in particular. Though pain in patients is primarily spontaneous, with relatively few patients experiencing evoked pains, animal models of SCI pain have primarily relied upon evoked withdrawals. Greater use of operant tasks for evaluation of the affective dimension of pain in rodents is needed, but these tests have their own limitations such that additional studies of the relationship between evoked withdrawals and operant outcomes are recommended. In preclinical SCI models, enhanced reflex withdrawal or pain responses can arise from pathological changes that occur at any point along the sensory neuraxis. Use of quantitative sensory testing for identification of optimal treatment approach may yield improved identification of treatment options and clinical trial design. Additionally, a better understanding of the differences between mechanisms contributing to at- versus below-level neuropathic pain and neuropathic pain versus spasticity may shed insights into novel treatment options. Finally, the role of patient characteristics such as age and sex in pathogenesis of neuropathic SCI pain remains to be addressed.
Manipulating memory efficacy affects the behavioral and neural profiles of deterministic learning and decision-making

When making a decision, we have to identify, collect, and evaluate relevant bits of information to ensure an optimal outcome. How we approach a given choice can be influenced by prior experience. Contextual factors and structural elements of these past decisions can cause a shift in how information is encoded and can in turn influence later decision-making. In this two-experiment study, we sought to manipulate declarative memory efficacy and decision-making in a concurrent discrimination learning task by altering the amount of information to be learned. Subjects learned correct responses to pairs of items across several repetitions of a 50- or 100-pair set and were tested for memory retention. In one experiment, this memory test interrupted learning after an initial encoding experience in order to test for early encoding differences and associate those differences with changes in decision-making. In a second experiment, we used fMRI to probe neural differences between the two list-length groups related to decision-making across learning and assessed subsequent memory retention. We found that a striatum-based system was associated with decision-making patterns when learning a longer list of items, while a medial cortical network was associated with patterns when learning a shorter list. Additionally, the hippocampus was exclusively active for the shorter list group. Altogether, these behavioral, computational, and imaging results provide evidence that multiple types of mnemonic representations contribute to experienced-based decision-making. Moreover, contextual and structural factors of the task and of prior decisions can influence what types of evidence are drawn upon during decision-making.
Headache Outcomes in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (S52.008)

Objective: To report headache outcomes in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT) Background: Headache is the most common symptom of IIH. The IIHTT enrolled 165 participants with mild visual loss to assess whether acetazolamide (ACZ) plus dietary management was superior to placebo (PBO) tablets plus dietary management in improving visual function at 6 months. We report the headache outcomes from the IIHTT. Design/Methods: Participants completed the Headache Impact Test -6 (HIT) and headache symptom questionnaires at each study visit. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and neuro-ophthalmic supplement (NOS) assessed quality of life at baseline and at 6 months. Group comparisons regarding HIT-6 total score were performed using two-sample t-tests. Group comparisons of proportions were performed using chi-square tests. Bivariate associations between variables were assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Logistic regression analyses determined the associations between baseline variables and the development of headache after baseline. Results: 139 (84%) enrollees had headaches at baseline and another 21 (13%) reported headaches in follow-up. 69% in the ACZ group and 68% randomized to PBO had persistent headaches at 6 months. There was no statistically significant difference in HIT-6 scores between treatment groups at 6 months. Development of headache after enrollment was not associated with CSF opening pressure (OP) at baseline (OR 0.997, 95% CI 0.991–1.003, p=0.32), baseline papilledema grade (OR 1.88, 95% CI 0.74–4.81, p=0.19), or baseline BMI (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97–1.08, p=0.39). HIT-6 score at 6 months was not significantly correlated with CSF OP at 6 months (r=0.12, p=0.29), the maximum dose of study drug taken (r=−0.09, p=0.48) or weight loss (r=0.02, p=0.80). Visual and general quality of life measures significantly correlated with the number of headache days at 6 months. Conclusions: Our findings provide class I evidence that CSF pressure and headaches are independent features of IIH. Study Supported by: National Eye Institute (1U10EY017281-01A1, DCBC 1U10EY017387-01A1, ARRA for NORDIC 3U10EY017281-01A1S1, and DCBC 1U10EY017387-01A1S1, and supplements for NORDIC 3U10EY017281-01A1S2) Disclosure: Dr. Friedman has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Teva, Eli Lilly, Avenir, Zosano, Amgen, Alder, Supernus and Trigemina as a speaker or advisory board member. Dr. Mejico has nothing to disclose. Dr. Subramanian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Quiros has nothing to disclose. Dr. McDermott has nothing to disclose.
Role of Titin in Skeletal Muscle Function and Disease

This review covers recent developments in the titin field. Most recent reviews have discussed titin's role in cardiac function: here we will mainly focus on skeletal muscle, and discuss recent advances in the understanding of titin's role in skeletal muscle function and disease.
Archean crustal evolution

Archean komatiites, N.T. Arndt archean volcanic patterns, P.C. Thurston greenstones through time, K.C. Condie archean greenstone-related sedimentary rocks, D.R. Lowe archean synrift and stable-shelf sedimentary successions, K.A. Eriksson and C.M. Fedo archean grey gneisses and the genesis of continental crust, H. Martin archean granite plutons, P.J. Sylvester archean anorthosites, L.D. Aswal and J.S. Myers archean high-grade metamorphism, J.A. Percival archean and early proterozoic evolution of the Siberian craton - a preliminary assessment, O.M. Rosen et al archean mineralisation, D.I. Groves and M.E. Barley the archean atmosphere - its composition and fate, D.J. Des Marais.
Augmented Reality with Virtual Cerebral Aneurysms: A Feasibility Study.

Objective Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition methods such as 4D phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D pcMRI) have found widespread applications in assessing hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysms. One of the goals is the identification of a hemodynamic scenario predictive of aneurysm rupture. Because of the technical complexity the 4D pcMRI technology, challenges exist in extracting and communicating the wealth of information contained in the MRI image data, in particular, to a multidisciplinary team of health professionals and basic scientists. Methods Here we introduce a new resource in the form of a commercially available optical see-through head-mounted display, which allows augmenting the real world by computer-generated virtual objects. Results An image processing algorithm was presented for integrating 3D surface models derived from 3D rotational angiography data, 3D time-of-flight MRI data, and 4D pcMRI data into the augmented reality environment. This new approach was successfully evaluated on blood flow data acquired before and after flow diverter treatment in 6 patients harboring a cerebral aneurysm. Conclusions Augmented reality may become an additional means for visualizing complex medical data, in particular complex flows as illustrated here.
Immunoassay detection of fly artifacts produced by several species of necrophagous flies following feeding on human blood.

Abstract Foraging behavior of necrophagous flies commonly leads to distortion of human bloodstains and production of artifacts that confound reconstruction efforts at crime scenes. Currently there is no reliable method for detection of fly-derived stains or distinction of the artifacts from human bloodstains. To overcome these deficiencies, a confirmatory test was developed based on immunological detection of cathepsin D found in digestive fluids of Musca domestica and Protophormia terraenovae. Anti-serum (anti-md3 serum) was generated toward a 17-amino acid synthetic peptide based upon predicted antigenic amino acid sequences for the propeptide and mature enzyme of cathepsin D proteinase from larvae of M. domestica. The serum was used to test the hypothesis that digestive artifacts produced by an array of necrophagous flies associated with human decomposition could be detected with the immunoassay. Anti-md3 serum was able to bind artifacts from 27 species of flies representing 9 families. The antiserum reacted with both regurgitate and defecatory stains, but not transfer patterns. Stains from 4 fly species displayed no reactivity with anti-serum in dot blot assays. Anti-md3 serum did not bind to either human or bovine blood stains on filter paper. However, when both types of blood were spiked with synthetic md3 peptide the antiserum was able to bind. Dot blot assays displayed positive reactions with stains produced from larvae and teneral adults of Sarcophaga bullata, and with artifacts as old as 7-years after deposition. These observations indicate that the immunoassay permits distinction of artifacts from a wide range of species from human bloodstains, from multiple development stages, and from artifacts that remain at crime scenes for many months to years after deposition. Further work is needed to determine whether the detection of fly artifacts using the antiserum is suitable for non-laboratory conditions.
Green(ing) English: Voices Howling in the Wilderness?.

Most of us agree that one of our pri mary aims in English teaching is to increase students' understanding of what it means to be more fully human. We speak eloquently about the roles we play as teachers to deepen students' understanding of life and to realize the importance of universal human concerns through literary interpretation. We work tirelessly to enhance students' awareness of different cultural values and to help them de velop acceptance, empathy, and respect for others through meaningful reading and writing activities. We are constantly in search of imaginative and rhe torical literature that will urge students to stay emotionally alive and morally sensitive, that is, es sentially human, in the face of the pressures of an increasingly technological and interconnected soci ety, with its mass media and mass culture that threaten to blunt the mind's powers of critical thinking and reduce them to a state of indiscrimi nate conformity. To accomplish these ends discipline-wide, we have integrated insights gleaned from studies of race, gender, class, sexuality, language?among other social identities?to engage the fullness of humanity in our teaching and learning work. Nev ertheless, our humanity is keenly dependent on our biology; success of human cultures is unmistakably linked to the viability of our geophysical world. Our habitat?the planet?is in deep trouble; we have pushed human carrying capacity to its limits. Human consumption and its frequently toxic by products have sullied our home place nearly beyond repair. Consider just some of the glaring issues we face because of overpopulation and over-consump tion of resources and energy: Climate change. Run away toxic oil spills in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Mexico. Poisonous disasters of mind numbing scale?the Bhopal gas tragedy; nuclear meltdowns at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island; chemicals leaching from a dump site upon which homes and schools were built in Love Canal, New York; hexavalent chromium contamination of drinking water in Hinkley, California; asbestos poi soning in Libby, Montana; contamination from above-ground atomic bomb testing in Nevada that has given rise to a range of health difficulties among "downwinders" (not to forget the health concerns from radiation sickness suffered by survivors of A bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki); a toxic plastic garbage island twice the size of Texas fouling the Pacific. Dwindling potable water re sources. Heightened air pollution and increases in
"Wait, Do I Know This Person?": Understanding Misdirected Email

Email is an essential tool for communication and social interaction. It also functions as a broadcast medium connecting businesses with their customers, as an authentication mechanism, and as a vector for scams and security threats. These uses are enabled by the fact that the only barrier to reaching someone by email is knowing his or her email address. This feature has given rise to the spam email industry but also has another side-effect that is becoming increasingly common: misdirected email, or legitimate emails that are intended for somebody else but are sent to the wrong recipient. In this paper we present findings from an interview study and survey focusing on characteristics of misdirected email messages, possible reasons why they happen, and how people manage these messages when they receive them. Misdirected email arises as a result of signifiers (usernames) which were selected by people for social and self-representation purposes, that are also used by machines for addressing. Because there is no mechanism for dealing with misdirected emails in a systematic way, individual recipients must choose whether to take action and how much effort to put forth to prevent potential negative consequences for themselves and others.
Effectiveness of a web-based tobacco product use prevention videogame intervention on young adolescents' beliefs and knowledge

AbstractBackground: Preventing tobacco product initiation in youth is a critical need. While cigarette smoking among youth has been on the decline, tobacco use in other forms, such as e-cigarettes ...
Asset Pricing With and Without Garbage: Testability of Consumption-based Models

This paper challenges the view that alternative consumption measures (e.g., garbage, fourth quarter, unfiltered consumption) can address the empirical shortcomings of consumption-based asset pricing. Instead, we show that testing alternative consumption processes is a triple hypothesis problem, which, in addition to finding the most accurate consumption measure, requires specifying and estimating the dynamics of consumption growth and testing the functional form of investor preferences. The existing literature tends to make strong assumptions on consumption dynamics (i.i.d.) and investor preferences (CRRA). We show that relaxing these assumptions leads to different results regarding the fit and preference parameters of the various consumption measures.
Assessing the Potential Environmental Impact of Cu 3 AsS 4 PV Systems

Cu3AsS4 solar cells have gained recent attention as a promising single-junction solar absorber. As arsenic is a constituent element of Cu3AsS4, there is concern over its potential life cycle impacts. In this work, we establish a basis for assessing the potential life cycle impacts of this technology by completing a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) as well as an evaluation of Cu3AsS4 solar cell leaching characteristics through a scaled toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). We conclude that, within the system boundary, arsenic contributes minimally to the life cycle impacts compared to BOS components and product performance.
Gambling Industry Employees’ Experiences with an Onsite Responsible Gambling Program

We examined gambling venue employees' experiences with GameSense, an onsite responsible gambling information center designed to be a resource for casino employees as well as patrons. Participants included 492 employees who reported on their engagement with, and opinions and knowledge of, the GameSense information center and its staff (i.e., GameSense Advisors), as well as their own employment department and gambling involvement. A minority of participants (33.5%) reported having spoken with a GameSense Advisor about responsible gambling or problem gambling; the remaining 66.5% either did not ever speak to a GameSense Advisor or only had a casual conversation with one. Most participants (88.9%) indicated that casino patrons could use the GameSense program, but less than half (37.9%) believed that casino staff/employees could do the same. Participants generally had positive opinions about the program, endorsing positive potential impacts (e.g., "It helps people avoid gambling beyond their limits") more often than negative potential impacts (e.g., "It encourages people to gamble beyond their limits"). However, gambling venue employees with more extensive gambling histories were less likely to endorse positive potential impacts. Participants' department also was associated with GameSense experiences: those in security/surveillance were the most likely to report having interacted with GameSense Advisors (83.3%) and those in food/beverage/retail were least likely to have done so (28.6%). Some of these findings have implications for improving casino employees' experiences with the GameSense program.
Utilization and Short-Term Outcomes of Computer Navigation in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Background The use of navigation remains a controversial topic in knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to evaluate current rates of utilization of navigation in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in the United States, as well as the incidence of short-term complications and operative times between navigated and non-navigated UKA. Methods A query of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) database was used to identify cases of primary UKA during years 2006-2017. Additional common procedural terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify cases in which navigation was utilized. Operative time, length of stay, and short-term outcomes were compared. Propensity score matching was used to minimize differences in demographics and comorbidities between the navigation and non-navigation cohorts. Results A total of 10,586 cases of UKA were identified; 343 of these cases (3.2%) utilized navigation. The unadjusted rate of any complication for the entire cohort was 3.6%. Navigated UKA had mean operative times 8 minutes longer than non-navigated UKA (92.1 min vs. 84.3 min; p<0.001). There was no difference in overall complication rates between the matched navigated (3.5%) and non-navigated (3.2%) cohorts (p=0.65). There was no difference in rates of readmission (0.31% vs. 0.58%; p=0.31), reoperation (0.29% vs. 0.29%; p=1.00), and mean length of stay (1.3 ± 1.6 days vs. 1.2 ± 1.9 days; p=0.15). Conclusion UKA utilizing navigation had a mean operative time 8 minutes longer than non-navigated UKA. We found no difference in rates of short-term complications, readmission, reoperation, or mean length of stay between navigated and non-navigated UKA.Level of Evidence: III.
The Electronic Media Fast and Student Well-Being: An Exercise in Transformational Teaching:

Introduction:In the past decade, use of screen media has increased dramatically among young adults.Statement of Problem:Mounting evidence suggests that high levels of media use are associated with ...
Humana and 18F-FDG PET/CT: Another Sequel to the Injustice of Being Judged by the Errors of Others

Humana, the feminine for humanus in Latin, is taken to mean “human (of man, people)”; “humane”; “cultured, refined” ([1][1]). ![Figure][2] Johannes Czernin ![Figure][2] Andrei Iagaru Humana, a for-profit American health insurance company with 46,000 employees and