cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Humoral and Cellular Studies of Eosinophils in Reactive and Myeloproliferative Syndromes with Marked Eosinophilia

In five patients with eosinophilia and myeloproliferative disorders, the IgE levels were normal, and immune complexes were not detected. In contrast, in six patients with reactive eosinophilia accompanying immunologic diseases, the IgE levels were elevated in five, and immune complexes were elevated in two. Five of six patients within the reactive group had positive rheumatoid factor titers by latex agglutination, while only one of five in the myeloproliferative group showed this finding. Purified eosinophils from patients with myeloproliferative diseases showed enhanced oxygen consumption responses during the ingestion of latex beads, relative to reactive eosinophils. The stimulated oxidative response of reactive eosinophils during phagocytosis of bacteria opsonized with antibody and complement was reduced, relative to myeloproliferative eosinophils. In vitro incubation of eosinophils with immune complexes reduced, by more than two-thirds, the increased oxidative responses of myeloproliferative eosinophils. Our findings suggest that eosinophilia seen in myeloproliferative diseases is an intrinsic part of the myeloproliferative process, which is not mediated or enhanced by allergic or immunologic reactions. The measurements reported here have potential value for differentiating reactive eosinophilic states from the eosinophilia accompanying myeloproliferative diseases.
Diquark production inep collisions

We examine the production of single diquarks (D) and diquark pairs\((D\bar D)\) inep collisions using the effective photon approximation. Cross-sections for both mechanisms are found to be quite sensitive to the assumed charged of the diquark but can lead to significant production rates in all cases at HERA and futureep colliders. Backgrounds from QCD jet production are found to be potentially significant in the case of singleD production where the signal to background is approximately one-to-one whereas the production of\(D\bar D\) pairs is relatively back-ground free.
Investigation of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C viral infection among drug addicts from 2010 to 2012 in Taishan city

Objective To investigate the HIV, syphilis and HCV infection among drug addicts in Taishan city and furnish a scientific basis for formulating measures for its prevention and control. Methods Serological detection of HIV, syphilis and HCV were performed for all new drug prisoners in 2010-2012 in Taishan. Results A total of 1 386 drug addicts were tested, in which male was accounted for 94.4% with an average age of (36.1±7.6) years old. The positive rates of anti-HIV, anti-syphilis and anti-HCV antibodies were 5.7% (79 / 1 386), 2.6% (35 / 1 386), and 63.3% (878 / 1 386), respectively. The co-infected rates of HIV+syphilis, HIV+HCV, HCV+TP and HIV+syphilis+HCV infection were 0.3%(4 / 1 386), 5.5%(76 / 1 386), 1.9% (26 / 1 386), and 0.3%(4 / 1 386), respectively. Conclusion The infection rates of HIV, syphilis and HCV are relatively high among drug addicts. Surveillance should be enforced and promotion of knowledge of prevention should to be strengthened among drug addicts. Comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of spreading HIV among the high-risk population.
Sample size considerations in designing studies with intra-oral models.

Especially during recent years, the use of pre-clinical models for predicting the efficacy of fluoride systems has assumed greater importance within the scientific community. Originally utilized primarily to screen experimental fluoride delivery systems, preclinical models are now being considered as predictors of clinical efficacy in lieu of controlled clinical caries trials. Of the various preclinical models presently available, human intra-oral models have the greatest potential for reflecting intended usage conditions and therefore may be the most meaningful models for predicting clinical efficacy. However, only with the proper consideration of numerous critical variables can studies using intra-oral models be appropriately designed to achieve the desired objectives. Clearly, these models must provide relevant information in a manner which reflects clinically established cariostatic activity and be capable of detecting established differences in the amount of cariostatic activity, i.e., dose-response effects. Three sources of variation must be considered before an appropriate study design and sample size can be chosen. Based on fluoride uptake data from an intra-oral model with proximally-located enamel specimens, estimates of variation among subjects, within subjects, and among specimens within subjects were obtained. Multiple specimens per panelist do not affect the first two sources of variation. Thus, the number of panelists, and not the number of specimens, is of primary importance when pre-test data are used to choose the appropriate study design and calculate the required sample size.
Accurate simulation of wound healing and skin deformation

We devise a method for the accurate simulation of wound healing and skin deformation. This is based on adequate formulations modeling the underlying biological processes. Cell movements and proliferation are described by a biochemical model whereas a biomechanical model covers effects like wound contraction and the influence of the healing process on the surrounding skin. The resulting simulation framework is very efficient and can be used with realistic input parameters like those measured in biochemistry and biophysics. The accurate behavior of our approach is shown by reproducing regenerative healing processes as well as specific effects such as anisotropic wound contraction, scarring and scab formation. Its efficiency and robustness is illustrated on a broad spectrum of complex examples.
Dear Plagiarist: A Letter to a Peer Reviewer Who Stole and Published Our Manuscript as His Own.

In this commentary, a researcher whose work was plagiarized outlines the harm that intellectual theft causes both the plagiarist and those whose work has been stolen.
Population structure in chicory (Cichorium intybus): A successful U.S. weed since the American revolutionary war.

Plant invasions are recognized as major drivers of ecosystem change, yet the precise cause of these invasions remains unknown for many species. Frequency and modes of introductions during the first, transport and colonization, stages of the invasion process as well as phenotypic changes due to plasticity or changing genetic diversity and adaptation during later establishment and expansion stages can all influence the “success” of invasion. Here, we examine some of these factors in, and the origin of, a very successful weed, Cichorium intybus (chicory) which was introduced to North America in the 18th century and which now can be found in all 48 continental U.S. states and much of Canada. We genotyped a Eurasian collection of 11 chicory cultivars, nine native populations and a North American collection of 20 introduced wild populations which span the species range (592 individuals in total). To detect the geographic sources of North American chicory populations and to assess the genetic diversity among cultivars, native, and introduced populations, we used both a sequenced cpDNA region and 12 nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR), microsatellite loci. Four cpDNA haplotypes were identified and revealed clear geographic subdivisions in the chicory native range and an interspecific hybrid origin of Radicchio group. Nuclear data suggested that domesticated lines deliberately introduced to North America were major contributors to extant weedy populations, although unintended sources such as seed contaminants likely also played important roles. The high private allelic richness and novel genetic groups were detected in some introduced populations, suggesting the potential for local adaptation in natural sites such as deserts and nature reserves. Our findings suggest that the current populations of weedy U.S. chicory have evolved primarily from several sources of domesticated and weedy ancestors and subsequent admixture among escaped lineages.
Disentangling the effect of tolerance on housing values: how levels of human capital and race alter this link within the metropolitan area

Previous studies argue that homosexuals can affect house prices through two mechanisms: an esthetic–amenity premium and a tolerance (or open culture) premium. We find that this relationship varies with respect to areas with different compositions of educational attainment and race. While we find evidence of a premium in areas with higher share of college-educated individuals, we find no premium in low-educated areas. Based on the mechanisms above, these results suggest either that low-educated individuals and homosexuals diverge in their preferences for types of amenities, or that the open culture preference from buyers could be biased toward highly educated areas. Interestingly, the magnitude of the premium (or discount for areas with low shares of educated residents) is lower when the number of black residents increases. This suggests that the presence of blacks may help the ‘openness’ perception for areas with low levels of educational attainment, but also highlights differences in preferences for amenities between African-Americans and homosexuals.
Collections 2 : Using “Crowdsourcing” within Psychological Research

“Crowdsourcing” is a methodological approach in which several researchers coordinate their resources to achieve research goals that would otherwise be difficult to attain individually. This article introduces a Nexus—a collection of empirical and theoretical articles that will be published in Collabra: Psychology—that is intended to encourage more crowdsourced research in psychological science by providing a specific outlet for such projects and by assisting researchers in developing and executing their projects. We describe how individuals can propose and lead a crowdsourced research project, how individuals can contribute to other ongoing projects, and other ways to contribute to this Nexus. Ultimately, we hope this Nexus will contain a set of highly-informative articles that demonstrate the flexibility and range of the types of research questions that can be addressed with crowdsourced research methods.
Ambient temperature aqueous synthesis of ultrasmall copper doped ceria nanocrystals for the water gas shift and carbon monoxide oxidation reactions

Ceria substitutionally doped with copper is a promising heterogeneous catalyst for a range of oxidation reactions. Herein we describe the aqueous phase, scalable, and direct precipitation of CuxCe1−xO2−δ (x = 0–0.35) solid solution oxide nanocrystals at room temperature without the need for calcination at elevated temperatures. This direct precipitation of the crystalline oxide is enabled through ligand exchange prior to pH adjustment to prevent the precipitation of the hydroxide phase. By producing particles at room temperature, dopant exsolution and particle growth by sintering can be minimized and/or controlled. Using our methodology, copper dopant concentrations of up to 35 mol% could be produced in 1.7 nm diameter ceria nanocrystals. The resulting materials showed high catalytic activity towards both the water gas shift reaction (WGS) and CO oxidation, with improved performance following the trend of increasing copper content. In comparison to pure ceria nanocrystals, the WGS activation energy decreased from 89.0 to 49.2 kJ mol−1 and the CO oxidation light-off temperature decreased from 262 to 159 °C at a space velocity of 25 000 h−1 upon doping with 35 mol% copper.
405 OSTEOPOROSIS SCREENING AND EFFECTS OF VARIOUS RISK FACTORS ON SCREENING.

Background Osteoporosis is a disease that is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue. The result is bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to fractures, especially of the hip, spine, and wrist. Bone densitometry examination with DXA scanning is an important tool in identification of patients at risk of fractures. In this study, we examined how the presence of clinical risk factors for individual patients affected their rate of bone mineral density testing. Methods This study is a cohort prospective quality improvement study to enhance adherence to osteoporosis screening guidelines in eligible/at-risk patients. This is a collaborative multi-institutional study consisting of 13 different sites. Female patients, age 65 or older as of June 1, 2004, who have a regular doctor at the clinic are recruited from each clinic site. One hundred thirty-seven patients completed the patient questionnaire and viewed a PowerPoint presentation about osteoporosis. One hundred twenty-one patient charts were reviewed for evidence of prior osteoporosis screening. The data on clinical risk factors were collected from the patient questionnaire and the chart review. These factors included weight, race, history of fracture, family history of osteoporosis, smoking, and chronic use of steroids. Descriptive data were compiled, and both bivariate and regression analyses were performed. Results We present the preliminary results from the first 137 patient surveys and 6 clinical sites. The mean age of participants was 75 years (age 65-98). Of 121 charts reviewed, 53 patients (44%) had DXA screening done. We found an association between screening and low patient weight. No significant association was found with performance of dexascan and any other clinical risk factor in this preliminary report. The associaton of low weight and DXA screening was still shown while controlling for demographic data and the other risk factors (OR = 8.469 [report 95% CI instead of p value]and p = .008). Conclusion Although this report represents a preliminary analysis, physicians seem to be sensitive to screening for osteoporosis in low-weight women. Increased physician awareness of other risk factors seems to be needed as a trigger for more aggressive screening practices.
An updated stress map of the continental United States reveals heterogeneous intraplate stress

Knowledge of the state of stress in Earth’s crust is key to understanding the forces and processes responsible for earthquakes. Historically, low rates of natural seismicity in the central and eastern United States have complicated efforts to understand intraplate stress, but recent improvements in seismic networks and the spread of human-induced seismicity have greatly improved data coverage. Here, we compile a nationwide stress map based on formal inversions of focal mechanisms that challenges the idea that deformation in continental interiors is driven primarily by broad, uniform stress fields derived from distant plate boundaries. Despite plate-boundary compression, extension dominates roughly half of the continent, and second-order forces related to lithospheric structure appear to control extension directions. We also show that the states of stress in several active eastern United States seismic zones differ significantly from those of surrounding areas and that these anomalies cannot be explained by transient processes, suggesting that earthquakes are focused by persistent, locally derived sources of stress. Such spatially variable intraplate stress appears to justify the current, spatially variable estimates of seismic hazard. Future work to quantify sources of stress, stressing-rate magnitudes and their relationship with strain and earthquake rates could allow prospective mapping of intraplate hazard.
Endothelial function in well-developed canine coronary collateral vessels.

This study examined responses of coronary collateral blood flow to endothelial-dependent vasodilators. Studies were performed in 13 dogs 4-6 mo after embolic occlusion of the left anterior descendi...
About Your Family and Community

This will not be the longest chapter in the book, but for a few readers it will be the most meaningful, especially the thoughts about the doctor’s family. Your family can cause you more sadness than all the no-show, heartsink and difficult patients you will encounter in a lifetime. But there are two sides to the coin. Your family can also bring more joy than making a brilliant diagnosis, having a paper published in your favorite medical journal, or receiving a national award. Do you doubt me? Just ask any new parent or grandparent.
Tyrphostin-8 enhances transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis in Caco-2 cells and increases hypoglycemic effect of orally administered insulin-transferrin conjugate in diabetic rats

Purpose. To investigate the effect of tyrphostin 8 (T-8), a GTPase inhibitor, on transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated transcytosis of insulin-transferrin (In-Tf) conjugate in cultured enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and on gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of In-Tf in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Neuroendocrine Evaluation and Management of Erectile Dysfunction

Generally, medical therapy of erectile disturbances in patients with spinal-cord injury (SCI) is fraught with failure and appears to be limited to a very selected subgroup of patients with documented hypogonadism. This is not to understate the importance of male erectile failure in SCI, which varies in incidence and magnitude according to the level and completeness of the lesion. Although the physiology and neural regulation of penile erection has been discussed in detail elsewhere in this volume, a brief discussion here is needed to emphasize certain aspects germane to the present topic.
Computational investigation of the formation of hyperstoichiometric uranium dioxide (UO2+x)

The stability of spent nuclear fuel as a waste form depends upon the oxidation behavior of uranium dioxide (UO{sub 2}) under repository conditions. Because U{sup 6+} phases are more soluble than U{sup 4+} phases, understanding the formation of higher-oxidized UO{sub 2} phases is important. While a variety of diffraction and spectroscopic studies have been used to investigate the oxidation behavior of UO{sub 2} to U{sub 4}O{sub 9}, questions still remain as to the effect of interstitial oxygen on the oxidation state of uranium in hyperstoichiometric UO{sub 2}. In this study, computational techniques were used to investigate questions such as: Is the formation of U{sup 5+} or U{sup 6+} more energetically favorable upon the oxidation of UO{sub 2}? And, how do calculated activation energies for the diffusion of interstitial oxygen in UO{sub 2} compare with experimental values? A density functional theory (DFT) approach was used to investigate the structural location of interstitial oxygen, the energy associated with oxygen substitution into different interstitial sites, and the influence of interstitial oxygen on the redox chemistry of uranium dioxide. Two different quantum mechanical programs were used to perform these calculations, one based on planewaves (CASTEP) and another that uses atomic-like basis. functions to describemore » the electronic structure of each atom (Dmol{sup 3}). Preliminary results from planewave calculations suggest that the formation of one U{sup 6+} is favorable to a more delocalized charge distribution resulting in the formation of two U{sup 5+} for every interstitial oxygen atom. Experimental studies suggest that two symmetrically unique locations exist for the incorporation of interstitial oxygen in bulk UO{sub 2}. Excess oxygen is thought to be incorporated along the perpendicular bisectors or the body diagonals of the unoccupied cubic sites created by lattice oxygen atoms in the UO{sub 2} structure. Using a single unit cell starting model, quantum mechanical calculations allow us to compare the relative energies associated with placing oxygen on these incorporation sites. Activation energies for the diffusion of oxygen from one such local energy minimum site to another are also evaluated. Calculations are expanded to larger defect cluster formations within the computational limits of DFT methods.« less
Effect of dormant oil treatments on white peach scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and its overwintering parasite complex.

The effect of dormant oil treatments on the overwintering parasite complex of white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) was evaluated in a peach orchard in the southern coastal plain of North Carolina in 1988 and 1989. Oil treatments resulted in significant reductions in the emergence of adult hymenopteran parasites in both years. However, mortality was not complete, and a sufficient number of parasites survived to repopulate the orchard in spring.
Anatomical structures at risk in the arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure: A cadaver study.

Abstract Background The Brostrom Gould procedure is the gold standard for repair of lateral ankle ligament injury and ankle instability. This procedure has demonstrated excellent short- and long-term outcomes in the orthopedic literature. Arthroscopic Brostrom Gould techniques have become increasingly popular among some foot and ankle orthopedic surgeons. Typically, this technique requires standard anteromedial and anterolateral portals along with an accessory lateral working portal. The exact location of this portal is variable within the available described surgical techniques. The objective of this cadaveric study is to establish a standard entry point for and to assess the safety of the accessory lateral portal with respect to nearby anatomical structures. Methods Ten fresh-frozen below-knee cadaver specimens were used. The location of the accessory lateral portal was created 1.5 cm anterior to the distal tip of the fibula. A small vertical incision was made at this point, followed by insertion of a Kirschner wire into the joint. The wire was then gently impacted into the fibula. Superficial dissection was subsequently carried out around the entry point to identify the peroneal tendons, superficial peroneal nerve branches, and sural nerve branches. Structures were marked with colored push pins, and distance was measured between the nearest edge of the Kirschner wire and each of the three anatomic structures listed. Any instances of structural contact or damage were documented. Results The average distance from the Kirschner wire to the peroneal tendon was 16.1 (±4.41) mm. The average distance from the wire to the superficial peroneal nerve and sural nerve was 13.11 (±6.79) mm and 12.33 (±4.08) mm, respectively. There were no instances of injury to any of the studied structures. However, there was a notable amount of variability in the proximity of structures in question for each cadaver. A branch of the superficial peroneal nerve was measured as close as 2 mm and as far as 24 mm in separate cadaver specimens. Conclusion Arthroscopic Brostrom Gould procedures are a safe and effective method for lateral ankle ligamentous repair but are not without risk. Accessory lateral portal placement is relatively safe but should be meticulously executed to avoid damage to nearby anatomical structures.
Health effects of family member incarceration in the United States: A meta-analysis and cost study

Abstract Background Existing primary studies indicate that family member incarceration is associated with increased mental and physical health problems and health risk behaviors. This study presents a meta-analytic summary of the health effects of family member incarceration and provides estimates of cost-to-treat health conditions in the United States. Method Sources comparing a childhood family member incarceration group with a comparison group on a health outcome were identified through approaches such as a search of electronic databases and reference lists of 19 reviews on family member incarceration. Thirty sources provided effect sizes, and outcomes were meta-analyzed (fixed-effects analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v.2 software) in the short-term (during childhood) and the long-term (during adulthood). Study quality was assessed using a standardized instrument. Results Synthesized odds ratios were significantly greater than 1.0 for health risk behaviors and experiences (OR = 2.922), mental health and behavior problems (OR = 2.234), and physical health problems (OR = 1.473). These values all indicate greater odds of health problems among children with family members incarcerated than among others. Increased odds ratios were generally statistically significant in both childhood and in adulthood. Cost-to-treat estimates for health conditions were substantial. Examples include alcohol use, abuse, or dependence with a cost of almost $1.5 billion, and asthma/COPD with a cost of almost $0.5 billion. Total costs were estimated at $22.5 billion for adults and $346 million for children. Limitations of our methods and implications for policy makers are discussed. Conclusions The substantial health costs underscore the importance of policy makers attending to the effects of family member incarceration. We recommend investment of into supporting children who experience family member incarceration.
Internet of Things for Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change

Our world is vulnerable to climate change risks such as glacier retreat, rising temperatures, more variable and intense weather events (e.g., floods, droughts, and frosts), deteriorating mountain ecosystems, soil degradation, and increasing water scarcity. However, there are big gaps in our understanding of changes in regional climate and how these changes will impact human and natural systems, making it difficult to anticipate, plan, and adapt to the coming changes. The IoT paradigm in this area can enhance our understanding of regional climate by using technology solutions, while providing the dynamic climate elements based on integrated environmental sensing and communications that is necessary to support climate change impacts assessments in each of the related areas (e.g., environmental quality and monitoring, sustainable energy, agricultural systems, cultural preservation, and sustainable mining). In the IoT in Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change chapter, a framework for informed creation, interpretation and use of climate change projections and for continued innovations in climate and environmental science driven by key societal and economic stakeholders is presented. In addition, the IoT cyberinfrastructure to support the development of continued innovations in climate and environmental science is discussed.
A 415 nW Physically and Mathematically Secure Electro-Quasistatic HBC Node in 65nm CMOS for Authentication and Medical Applications

Applications such as secure authentication, remote health monitoring require secure, low power communication between devices around the body. Radio wave communication protocols, such as Bluetooth, suffer from the problem of signal leakage and high power requirement. Electro QuasiStatic Human Body Communication (EQS-UBC) is the ideal alternative as it confines the signal within the body and also operates at order of magnitude lower power. In this paper, we design a secure HBC SoC node, which uses EQS-UBC for physical security and an AES-256 core for mathematical security. The SoC consumes 415nW power with an active power of 108nW for a data rate of 1kbps, sufficient for authentication and remote monitoring applications. This translates to 100x improvement in power consumption compared to state-of-the-art HBC implementations while providing physical security for the first time.
Probabilistic Zonal Reserve Requirements for Improved Energy Management and Deliverability With Wind Power Uncertainty

In power systems with high penetration of renewable energy resources, uncertainty and variability of these stochastic resources introduce additional challenges for the operation of power systems. To improve the power system's reliability in the face of uncertainty, reserves are required as additional generation capacity to rebalance the power system following random disturbances. However, reserve deliverability is not guaranteed, because it may encounter potential transmission line congestion. Zonal reserve requirements can address this issue, but operators lack efficient ways to allocate reserves to zones while accounting for wind power forecast uncertainty. We propose a methodology for probabilistic zonal reserve requirements to address wind power forecast uncertainties. This method estimates the probability distribution of line flows based on the system generation margin and injection shift factor. This estimate is then used to construct pre-defined and post-zonal reserve requirements. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method efficiently schedules energy and reserves to balance energy and manage deliverability with wind power forecast uncertainty. We also discuss operational implications of the proposed method.
Preliminary ReportsEvaluation of an electronic esophageal detector device in patients with morbid obesity and pulmonary failure

Objective. Undetected esophageal intubation can result in permanent injury or death. Clinical confirmation of tube location may be misleading. Adjunctive methods should be used to supplement clinical judgment. Unfortunately, end-tidal carbon dioxide may misidentify properly placed tracheal tubes in low perfusion situations, while esophageal detector devices (EDDs) may misidentify properly placed tracheal tubes in situations where little airway dead space exists (morbid obesity, pulmonary failure). This study evaluated a modified EDD (the electronic esophageal detector device, or EEDD) designed to eliminate the problem of misidentified tracheal intubations. Methods. Intubated morbidly obese or pulmonary failure patients were eligible for study entry. All endotracheal tubes (ETTs) were confirmed to be tracheal by waveform capnography and clinical judgment prior to study entry. Following consent, all patients were attached to the EEDD and a “measurement” was made to determine the “location” of their ETTs. Probability of misidentifying a tracheal intubation in these high-risk populations was calculated using a log-normal distribution method. Results. Twenty-seven morbidly obese patients and 37 pulmonary failure patients were entered. The EEDD correctly identified all tracheal intubations in these patients, giving a false-negative rate of zero. The probability of misidentifying a tracheal intubation in the combined group was 0.06%. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the EEDD reliably identifies tracheal intubations in situations where standard EDDs may fail. However, future studies must determine the reliability of this device for identification of esophageal intubations and the reliability of this device in the less controlled emergency department and prehospital settings. PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE 2002;6:59-64
Reduction of AC Winding Losses Due to Fringing-Field Effects in High-Frequency Inductors With Orthogonal Air Gaps

In high-frequency inductors, ac winding losses are affected by skin and proximity effects, including uneven current distribution due to fringing magnetic fields around air gaps. It is well known that fringing effects can be mitigated using distributed air gaps. This article is focused on an orthogonal air-gap approach, which is a distributed air-gap technique where gaps are placed in core segments parallel with the windings and in core segments perpendicular to the windings. The orthogonal air-gap approach is developed using a one-dimensional analytical framework and validated by two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite-element simulations. Analytical guidelines are presented to optimize the air-gap distribution to achieve minimum ac resistance. As a case study, a planar inductor is designed for an 8-kW SiC-based buck converter operating at 250 kHz. It is shown how the orthogonal air gaps result in approximately 50% reduction in ac resistance and substantially reduced inductor losses compared to the design using standard air gaps. Experimental validation includes measurements of losses on the converter prototype as well as quality factor measurements in a resonant-circuit test setup.
Friction Anisotropy of MoS2: Effect of Tip–Sample Contact Quality

Atomic-scale friction measured for a single asperity sliding on 2D materials depend on the direction of scanning relative to the material's crystal lattice. Here, nanoscale friction anisotropy of wrinkle-free bulk and monolayer MoS2 is characterized using atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Both techniques show 180° periodicity (2-fold symmetry) of atomic-lattice stick-slip friction vs. the tip's scanning direction with respect to the MoS2 surface. The 60° periodicity (6-fold symmetry) expected from the MoS2 surface's symmetry is only recovered in simulations where the sample is rotated, as opposed to the scanning direction changed. All observations are explained by the potential energy landscape of the tip-sample contact, in contrast with nanoscale topographic wrinkles that have been proposed previously as the source of anisotropy. These results demonstrate the importance of the tip-sample contact quality in determining the potential energy landscape and, in turn, friction at the nanoscale.
The Role of Reproductive Factors in Risk Prediction of Incident Heart Failure in White and Black Women: The Women's Health Initiative

Background Women with a history of preterm birth, pregnancy loss, or early menopause have an increased risk of heart failure (HF). However, sex-specific, reproductive factors are not currently included in conventional cardiovascular risk assessment, and the extent to which these factors may enhance HF risk prediction above and beyond traditional risk factors (RF) is not known. Methods We studied parous black and white women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) with publicly available data through the Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC) who were between the ages of 30-79 years at baseline. Reproductive and pregnancy history was obtained by self-report. Incident HF was determined yearly in WHI by medical record abstraction of self-report hospitalizations and classified by trained adjudicators. We first assessed model performance of the original Pooled Cohort Equations to Prevent Heart Failure (PCP-HF) race- and sex-specific equations. Model discrimination was evaluated by the Harrell C-statistics and calibration by the Greenwood-Nam-D'Agostino. We next calculated the hazards ratio (HR [95% confidence interval]) of reproductive factors with HF and examined the change in model discrimination with their addition (ΔC-statistic). Results Of 6,641 eligible black and white women, 51% were black and mean age was 61.7 years (7.0). Forty-seven percent had chronic hypertension, 40% were obese, and 9% had diabetes. The PCP-HF tool had excellent discrimination and calibration in white and black women (Figure). Preterm birth (HR 2.63 [1.72, 4.00]), stillbirth (HR 1.85 [1.22, 2.80]), and age at menopause (HR 0.23 [0.10, 0.50]) were each significantly associated with incident HF, but no incremental benefit in HF prediction were observed (p>0.05) with the addition of any of the reproductive factors. Conclusions In conclusion, the PCP-HF equations predicted incident HF, but neither adverse pregnancy outcomes nor premature menopause meaningfully improved HF risk prediction in middle-aged women. Chronic RF like hypertension and diabetes were already present by mid-life, and therefore are likely to limit the additive role of reproductive factors to risk prediction in middle-aged women. Interventions at key vulnerable points of transition in a woman's life course (e.g. early post-partum, peri-menopausal) are needed to prevent onset of key risk factors of HF.
Socialized scholarship: the role of departmental socialization on the institutionalization of Boyer's scholarship at one large research institution

The intent of this study was to build on previous works in an effort to establish new methods and frameworks to help understand why little has changed in faculty scholarship more than twenty years after Scholarship Reconsidered. A premise of this study is that the institutionalization of new domains of faculty scholarship in a university or college is a function of what scholarly domains the faculty are socialized in their departments to conduct. The study revised the instrument used in Institutionalizing a Broader View of Scholarship Through Boyer’s Four Domains, and implemented the new instrument with all full-time faculty at a large, research-intensive, land-grant institution. Interestingly, the demographic analysis of those faculty who want to conduct the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) and the Scholarship of Extension/Professional Practice (SEPP) in the future revealed that these two subsets had little to no differentiation in demographic profile. The most revealing difference was the twenty-eight percentage point difference in the percentage of faculty who are conducting the scholarship of extension/professional practice as opposed to the percentage of faculty who desire to conduct SEPP in the future. It was posited this was due to the perception of what actually constitutes SEPP by Iowa State University faculty. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted on gender with regard to tenure status and rank. The non-tenured status ratio was 2:1 for females (42%) as compared to males (20%). Also in the full dataset, professors were more than three times likely to be male than female. The results from this study held in a statistically significant manner with the literature regarding gender in relation to rank and tenure status.
Hydromorphone-Induced Tactile Hallucinations: Rare Opioid Side Effect.

Opioids are strong analgesics widely employed to treat various types of pain. In 2018, an estimated 168 million opioid prescriptions were dispensed in the United States. Opioids carry a number of side effects and up to 80% of patients treated with opioids experience a minimum of one adverse event. Although uncommon, hallucinosis is an effect experienced with opioids, which may be under-reported and attributed to underlying psychiatric disease rather than to the side effects of the opioid itself. Most of the opioid-induced hallucinoses reported are auditory and visual, and rarely tactile. Although opioid medication prescribing is decreasing in the United States, considering the continued opioid epidemic and deaths related to overdose, it is important for physicians to be aware of this potential adverse effect of opioids in isolation. We present a case of oral hydromorphone causing visual and tactile hallucinations. Discontinuing hydromorphone led to immediate cessation of the patient's psychotic signs and symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the use of hydromorphone resulting in tactile hallucinations.
Ex Vivo Biomechanical Assessment of a Novel Multi-Strand Repair of Canine Tendon Lacerations

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing the number of suture strands traversing the transection site, level of suture purchase and depth of suture penetrance on the biomechanical properties of repaired gastrocnemius tendons. Study Design Thirty-eight adult cadaveric gastrocnemius tendons were randomized, transected and repaired with either two-, four- or six-strand locking multi-level repair. Tensile loads required to create a 1 and 3 mm gap, yield, peak and failure loads and failure mode were analysed. Significance was set at p Results Mean ± standard deviation yield, peak and failure force for six-strand repairs was 90.6 ± 22.1 N, 111.4 ± 15.2 N and 110.3 ± 15.1 N respectively. This was significantly greater compared with both four-strand (55.0 ± 8.9 N, 72.9 ± 7.8 N and 72.1 ± 8.2 N) and two-strand repairs (24.7 ± 8.3 N, 36.5 ± 6.0 N and 36.1 ± 6.3 N) respectively (p Conclusion Pattern modification by increasing the number of suture strands crossing the repair site, increasing points of suture purchase from the transection site and depth of suture penetrance is positively correlated with repair site strength while significantly reducing the occurrence of gap formation in a canine cadaveric model. Additional studies in vivo are recommended to evaluate their effect on tendinous healing, blood supply and glide resistance prior to clinical implementation.
State Owned Enterprises in Southeast Asia

State owned enterprises (SOEs) are a pervasive form of firms across most economies in Southeast Asia. Their historical origin, development, and performance are diverse but reflects political and economic development in each country. Conforming with predictions from economic literature, SOEs in Southeast Asia are largely inefficient. Given the political economy behind their existence, reforms and privatization have proceeded slowly. The pervasiveness of SOEs in turn accounts for the low productivity of the aggregate economy, not only because they are inefficient, but also because they crowd out resources that would be available to more efficient private firms. That being said, Southeast Asia is also home to a notable exception: Singapore, a market-oriented economy dominated by highly efficient and profitable state owned enterprises.
Nanophotonics-based Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Sensor with Remote Optical Readout

To develop a miniaturized nanophotnonics-based implantable device for frequent, automated remote monitoring of IOP.
Intact DNA polymerase alpha/primase from mouse cells. Purification and structure.

Abstract A procedure is described for purification of DNA polymerase alpha/primase from cultured mouse lymphoblasts. Approximately 0.5 mg of enzyme, free of detectable contaminants, was obtained from 40 g of cells using seven conventional purification steps. The mouse enzyme contains subunits of 180, 70, 56, and 47 kDa, almost completely intact and similar to the subunit sizes reported for DNA polymerase alpha/primase from Drosophila embryos (Kaguni, L. S., Rossignol, J-M., Conaway, R. C., and Lehman, I. R. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 2221-2225) and Saccharomyces (Plevani, P., Foiani, M., Valsasnini, P., Badaracco, G., Cheriathundam, E., and Chang, L.M.S. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7102-7107). A similar structure has also been inferred for mammalian DNA polymerase alpha/primase; however, previous descriptions of the highly purified mammalian enzyme complex have included substantial evidence of proteolysis and/or partial loss of subunits. In particular, the intact 180-kDa subunit has ordinarily been a minor component, and the molecular mass of the complex and total number of subunits have not been established. Results reported here indicate that the native DNA polymerase alpha/primase consists of one each of the four subunit sizes for a total of 353 kDa, based on estimates from denaturing gels, or 344 kDa when sizes deduced from available nucleic acid sequence data are substituted for three of the four subunits. A figure of 313 kDa was calculated from the sedimentation coefficient (8.9 S) and Stokes radius (81.1 A), the values for which also indicate a frictional ratio of 1.80, corresponding to an axial ratio of approximately 16 and suggesting a highly extended structure.
Fluid Interaction with Fracture Propagation in Pipelines

An analysis of catastrophic pipeline fracture is given. The fluid mechanics and fracture mechanics of the system are mutually interdependent, but they are treated separately and then compared graphically by parameters essential to both processes. The pressure drop behind the crack opening is determined for both processes. The pressure drop behind the crack opening is determined for both liquids and gases, and from this information the energies of the crack system are determined. The relationship between the crack opening angle and length of pressurized crack system is plotted on the same chart as the opening angle and crack length relationship required for catastrophic failure. The intersection of these two relationships determines the failure point.
Ethics in Cross‐Cultural Psychology

Cultural differences can create ethical dilemmas among health professions working across cultures. Values, spiritual beliefs, customs, styles of communication, and views of roles and responsibilities take shape within the particular histories of communities and nations. These concerns in turn impact the legal, ethical, and moral standards of particular cultures. For instance, multiple values and procedures engrained in Western psychologists may be defined or understood differently in Eastern cultures. Differing interpretations can lead to ethical dilemmas for Western psychologists working in Eastern cultures, and for Eastern psychologists working in Western cultures. In psychology, five broad areas emerge for considering differences in values and protocols when operating in a cross-cultural context: competence; informed consent; confidentiality/privacy; diagnosis/treatment; and international testing. Keywords: cross-cultural psychology; ethics in psychology
Reduced bladder capacity: Cause for vesicoureteral reflux

Abstract For the purpose of physiologic studies on the urinary sphincteric mechanism, the trigonal sphincteric unit of 5 dogs was isolated from the rest of the bladder by creating a mucosal barrier above the trigone. In 4 dogs vesicoureteral reflux developed. This reflux was probably due to overstretching of the trigone, in turn resulting in decompensation and loss of ureteral fixation and submucosal length. Histologic examination of refluxing ureters confirmed this anatomic change. Partially at least, the phenomenon of overstretched trigone must be the cause of reflux in contracted bladders. Thus, it is advisable not to over-resect the stretchable detrusor, as it might be the buffer mechanism maintaining the integrity of the ureterotrigonal unit.
Distribution of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) in ocular tissues.

PURpose. A new redox regulating enzyme, thioltransferase (TTase), has been found in the lens. The authors investigated whether TTase is also present in other ocular tissues. METhods. Fresh enucleated bovine eyes were obtained from a local abattoir 4 hours after death. The eyes were processed immediately to remove corneal epithelial cells, conjunctiva, corneal endothelial cells, iris, ciliary body, lens epithelial cells, vitreous body, and retina. Other than conjunctiva and vitreous body, which were collected from a single eye, all other tissues were pooled from three bovine eyes. Each sample was hohomgenized in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was assayed for TTase activity. Total RNA from each tissue sample was extracted and used for slot blot hybridization using cDNA from pig liver TTase with β-actin as control. REsults. Among all the ocular tissues tested, iris showed the highest TTase activity (35 mU/mg protein) followed by conjunctiva, corneal epithelial cells, and corneal endothelial cells. Ciliary body, lens epithelial cells, and retina had moderate activity. No activity could be detected in vitreous body. The presence of this enzyme transcript in these ocular tissues was further confirmed by the positive slot blot hybridization with the pig liver TTase cDNA. Here again, iris showed the highest TTase mRNA expression, followed by ciliary body, lens epithelial cells, corneal endothelial cells, conjunctiva, retina, and corneal epithelial cells. The whole lens showed the lowest TTase mRNA expression, and no TTase mRNA was found in the vitreous body. CONCLUSIONS. TTase was found in most ocular tissues and was concentrated in the anterior segment of the eye. Highest activity was found in the iris, conjunctiva, corneal epithelial, and endothelial cells. TTase was absent in the vitreous body.
Commentary on Presentation of Dr. Pramilla Senanayake

Dr. Senanayake has pinpointed many exceptions to the assumptions that occur in clinician-patient interactions and she has shown how these exceptions sometimes should alter the traditional clinical indications and contraindications for a contraceptive. Her review is so comprehensive of the provider’s perspective on guiding the choice of a contraceptive, that I plan to offer a commentary that is complementary to her review by giving a contraceptive developer’s perspective on how the attributes of the methods themselves guide a woman’s choice of contraceptive.