cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pitting corrosion of electroplated permalloy films

Abstract The corrosion resistance of electroplated permalloy films (Ni-20% Fe) has been shown to be inferior to that of material of the same nominal composition, but fabricated by other processes. Evidence is presented to support the notion that this corrosion susceptibility is due to sulfur that is incorporated into the plated alloy in the form of saccharin, a plating bath additive. An Fe-rich transition region deposited at the onset of plating may create an area of enhanced susceptibility for devices that expose a cross-section of the structure to the environment.
Tailoring tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy to tackle specific BCR-ABL1 mutant clones

Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently under development for the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) resistant or intolerant of imatinib therapy, including nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib. The current paradigm of TKI therapy involves a sequential use of these compounds, with imatinib invariably used as frontline therapy followed by either dasatinib or nilotinib on an empiric basis. A more sensible approach to this sequence is the selection of the TKI best suited to overcome the resistance conferred by BCR-ABL1 mutations detected at each time-point. As more TKIs are becoming available, the management of patients with CML will require degree of "finesse" to better match each patient with the best TKI available. This match is best made based on available in vitro data regarding the activity of each agent against each specific mutation. The case herein reported supports such strategy.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OVINE GAMMA GLOBULINS.

Abstract Fractions of sheep serum were obtained by anion-exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 which contained only one of the following ovine gamma globulins: 7S gamma-2, 7S gamma-1, and gamma-1M. The gamma globulins were identified by immuno-electrophoresis, starch-gel electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifugation, and by their content of antibody activity. By these physical criteria they were identical to their counterparts in human serum. Circumstantial evidence indicated that ovine serum also contains a protein analogous to the gamma-1A globulin of human serum.
Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Ionic Liquid in Combinatorial Approach, a Recyclable and Water Tolerant-Acidic Catalyst for One-Pot Friedlander Quinoline Synthesis∥

SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid was successfully applied as a water tolerant-acidic catalyst for the one-pot domino approach quinoline synthesis in aqueous medium. Various types of quinolines from 2-aminoaryl ketones and β-ketoesters/ketones were prepared in 85−98% yields using the catalytic system of SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid/H2O. The ionic liquids was synthesized in a combinatorial fashion. The quinoline products could be conveniently separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, indicating that the whole process was performed in water and exemplifying a green chemistry. More importantly, the catalyst could be easily recycled for five times without loss of much activity. The catalytic system, reported here, possesses advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
The mathematics of geographic profiling

We begin by describing some of the mathematical foundations of the geographic profiling problem. We then present a new mathematical framework for the geographic profiling problem based on Bayesian statistical methods that makes explicit connections between assumptions on offender behaviour and the components of the mathematical model. It also can take into account local geographic features that either influence the selection of a crime site or influence the selection of an offender's anchor point. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ATDHF versus TDHF in a soluble model

Abstract The equations of motion for a system of interacting fermions with SU(3) symmetry are established in TDHF and ATDHF approximations. These equations are presented in a form such that the comparison between different approximations can be made in an analytic way. The problem of coupling between large and small amplitude modes is also discussed.
Applications of extremely narrowed NMR in solids

Abstract The measurement of the Suhl-Nakamura interaction in MnF 2 and Ruderman-Kittel interactions in light metals may be facilitated by pulse-NMR techniques which combine fast 90°-pulse trains with conventional spin-echo.
Moderate Rent Control Its Impact on the Quality and Quantity of the Housing Stock

This article finds no evidence to support the contention that moderate rent control over a three- to five-year period has led to a reduction in multifamily residential construction, a decline in maintenance, an erosion of the tax base relative to non-rent-controlled cities, or an increase in abandonments or demolitions. Those studies arguing the reverse are characterized by data rendered suspect because of nonrepresentative sampling and highly selective statistics. While all available data suggest that short-term moderate controls have no measurable negative impact, this does not imply that no such relationship exists. More research is needed to study the long-term effects of moderate controls.
Bacterial peritonitis following esophageal injection sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage

Patients presenting with ascites and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were studied prospectively. Five patients presenting with acute variceal hemorrhage were found not to have pre-existing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis on initial paracentests. However, three of these five developed findings compatible with bacterial peritonitis after sclerotherapy. Although the number of cases is small, our results support the monitoring of ascitic fluid after sclerotherapy.
Targeting the proteome/epitome, implementation of subtractive immunization.

Abstract Monoclonal antibody technology has generated invaluable tools for both the analytical and clinical sciences. However, standard immunization approaches frequently fail to provide monoclonal antibodies with the desired specificity. Subtractive immunization provides a powerful alternative to standard immunization and allows for the production of truly unique antibodies. With the intent of targeting specific epitopes within the proteome, subtractive immunization has been broadly and successfully implemented for the production of monoclonal antibodies otherwise unobtainable by standard immunization. Subtractive immunization utilizes a distinct immune tolerization approach that can substantially enhance the generation of monoclonal antibodies to desired antigens. The approach is based on tolerizing the host animal to immunodominant or otherwise undesired antigen(s) (tolerogen) that may be structurally or functionally related to the antigen of interest. Tolerization of the host animal can be achieved through one of three methods: High Zone, Neonatal, or Drug-induced tolerization. The tolerized animal is then inoculated with the desired antigen (immunogen) and antibodies generated by the subsequent immune response are screened for the desired antigenic reactivity. Over the past 15 years a large number of investigators have used the subtractive approach with cleverly chosen tolerogen–immunogen combinations and successfully generated uniquely reactive antibodies which are often neutralizing or function-blocking. This review will focus on the implementation of subtractive immunization for the production of antibodies otherwise unobtainable by standard immunization.
Increased interleukin-4 production by atopic mononuclear leukocytes correlates with increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase activity and is reversible by phosphodiesterase inhibition

Previous studies have shown that leukocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis have increased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-phosphodiesterase activity. This increased activity accounts for subnormal cAMP responses and correlates with increased in vitro immunoglobulin E production. To better understand the mechanism of this effect, we studied the relationship between phosphodiesterase activity and interleukin-4, a T-cell-derived cytokine that is a major regulator of immunoglobulin E production. Cultures stimulated with anti-CD3 or with phorbol myristate acetate plus ionophore significantly increased interleukin-4 production, and levels were consistently highest in cells from atopic subjects. Interleukin-4 production was higher, on a per T- cell basis, in mononuclear leukocyte cultures than in cultures of pure T cells, suggesting the possibility of a monocyte factor acting to increase interleukin-4 production. We next examined the effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724 on interleukin-4 production and found a significant reduction in cultures of atopic mononuclear leukocytes. This phosphodiesterase inhibitor effect appeared to act primarily on monocytes and correlated with increased intracellular cAMP levels. These studies demonstrate increased interleukin-4 production by atopic T cells. This abnormality can be reversed by inhibition of cAMP- phosphodiesterase, suggesting a possible therapeutic target for control of atopic disease.
Transport properties of the semiconductor superlattice

Precise calculations have been made, by Monte Carlo methods, of electron transport properties of the Esaki superlattice. The calculations were on a single-particle space-homogeneous basis, with a model of the superlattice which could be reasonably close to reality. Steady-state longitudinal drift-velocity/field characteristics were obtained, for four sets of parameter values; they exhibited the expected maximum followed by negative differential mobility. The accompanying variations of the longitudinal and transverse energy averages were also obtained, and the distribution functions for longitudinal wavevector and transverse energy were investigated. The frequency dependences of the differential mobilities (in-phase and out-of-phase components) were obtained in some representative cases; they exhibited a "Bloch resonance."
Marx's Theory of the Entrepreneur

MARX'S THEORY of the entrepreneur is so intimately connected with the very core of his economic doctrine, namely the theory of economic change' and the sociological aspects of it, and has such a bearing on it, that it must be replaced in the Marxian setting. We will thus first recall the Marxian principles of economic change in general (I), and apply them to capitalism in particular (II); then we will consider the personified power of capital in Marx's system (III), and, consequently, the role of his entrepreneur (IV).
Effect of sarcomere length on step size in relaxed rabbit psoas muscle

Recent experiments have shown that shortening and stretching of sarcomeres in single activated and unactivated myofibrils occur in stepwise fashion (Yang et al.(1998)Biophys J 74: 1473–1483; Blyakhman et al.(2001)Biophys J 81: 1093–1100; Yakovenko et al.(2002)Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 283: 735–742). Here, we carried out measurements on single myofibrils from rabbit psoas muscle to investigate steps in unactivated specimens in more detail. Activated and unactivated myofibrils were released and stretched in ramp-like fashion. The time course of length change in the single sarcomere was consistently stepwise. We found that in the unactivated myofibrils, step size depended on initial sarcomere length, diminishing progressively with increase of initial sarcomere length, whereas in the case of activated sarcomeres, step size was consistently 2.7 nm.
Applying Landscape Metrics to Characterize Potential Habitat of Bonobos ( Pan paniscus ) in the Maringa-Lopori-Wamba Landscape, Democratic Republic of Congo

To conserve areas and species threatened by immediate landscape change requires that we make planning decisions for large areas in the absence of adequate data. Here we study the utility of broad-scale landscape metrics as predictors of species occurrence, especially for remote areas where there is a need to make the most of limited spatial and biological data. Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are endangered great apes endemic to lowland forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. They are threatened by bushmeat hunting that is exacerbated by habitat fragmentation through slash-and-burn agriculture and timber harvest. We developed four landscape metrics —edge density (ED), COHESION, CONTAGION, and class area (CA)— that may serve as surrogates for measuring accessibility of areas to hunting in order to predict relative bonobo-habitat suitability. We calculated the metrics for the Maringa-Lopori-Wamba (MLW) landscape and evaluated them for utility in predicting bonobo-nest occupancy based on 2009 field data. Cross-validations showed that all four metrics performed similarly. However, forest ED was arguably the best predictor, with an overall classification accuracy of 72.1% in which 85% of known nest blocks (N = 124) were classified correctly. We demonstrated that for a relatively intact landscape and a mobile forest-dwelling species that is fairly tolerant of forest openings, forest fragmentation can still be an important predictor of species occurrence. We suggest that ED can be helpful when mapping bonobo habitat in MLW and can aid landscape-planning and conservation efforts. Our approach may be applied to other edge-sensitive species, especially where high-resolution data are deficient.
Part VII: Managing Reputation: Pursuing Everyday Excellence: The rise of investor relations departments in the Fortune 500 industrials

The final session examined critical issues raised in the practice of reputation management. Panelists presented research about the structure of departments devoted to external affairs, investor relations and the emerging nature of the reputation consultancy industry. Three panelists evaluated the interaction between reputation and identity, confronting a theoretical perspective with a more practical view.
Actin in penetration pegs of the fungal rice blast pathogen,Magnaporthe grisea

The penetration peg is the structure used byMagnaporthe grisea to pierce the surface of rice leaves or very hard nonbiodegradable substrates. Penetration pegs produced by appressoria in vitro were examined by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy using various fluorophore labeled anti-actins. Freeze-substitution preparation of appressoria at early stages of substrate penetration showed that peg cytoplasm consisted primarily of a zone of exclusion, excluding even ribosomes, and was continuous with a similar region in the appressorium. Apical vesicles were, however, observed in short, presumably elongating pegs. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate binding of a monoclonal anti-actin to penetration peg cytoplasm, following “permeabilization” of appressoria by means of a brief sonication. Occasional filaments and ca. 300 nm diameter plaques were labeled in appressorial cytoplasm. Western blot analysis of germ tube extracts showed that the monoclonal probe bound predominantly to a single band with a molecular weight similar to that of rabbit muscle actin. Preincubation of the antibody with actin virtually eliminated peg labeling. We conclude that the penetration peg contains actin which may play a role in the formation of the zone of exclusion.
Field ion source development for neutron generators

Abstract An ion source based on the principles of electrostatic field desorption is being developed to improve the performance of existing compact neutron generators. The ion source is an array of gated metal tips derived from field electron emitter array microfabrication technology. A comprehensive summary of development and experimental activities is presented. Many structural modifications to the arrays have been incorporated to achieve higher tip operating fields, while lowering fields at the gate electrode to prevent gate field electron emission which initiates electrical breakdown in the array. The latest focus of fabrication activities has been on rounding the gate electrode edge and surrounding the gate electrode with dielectric material. Array testing results have indicated a steady progression of increased array tip operating fields with each new design tested. The latest arrays have consistently achieved fields beyond those required for the onset of deuterium desorption (∼20 V/nm), and have demonstrated the desorption of deuterium at fields up to 36 V/nm. The number of ions desorbed from an array has been quantified, and field desorption of metal tip substrate material from array tips has been observed for the first time. Gas-phase field ionization studies with ∼10,000 tip arrays have achieved deuterium ion currents of ∼50 nA. Neutron production by field ionization has yielded ∼10 2 n/s from ∼1 mm 2 of array area using the deuterium–deuterium fusion reaction at 90 kV.
Abnormalities of the hands during the arterial phase of skeletal scientigraphy

A 37-year-old woman presented for the evaluation of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). Seven years prior to the current study, her right hand was accidentally caught in a large industrial machine. Most of the skin of her right hand and wrist had been avulsed, and three ipsilateral fingers were fractured. After left antecubital injection, a rapid sequence arterial flow study was obtained (Fig 1). A static blood-pool image was acquired 1 to 2
A Parallel Direct Solver for the Simulation of Large-Scale Power/Ground Networks

An algorithm is presented for the fast and accurate simulation of power/ground mesh structures. Our method is a direct (non-iterative) approach for simulation based upon a parallel matrix inversion algorithm. The new dimension of flexibility provided by our algorithm allows for a more accurate analysis of power/ground mesh structures using resistance, inductance, capacitance, interconnect models. Specifically, we offer a method that employs a sparse approximate inverse technique to consider more reluctance coupling terms for increased accuracy of simulation. Our algorithm shows substantial computational improvement over the best known direct and iterative numerical techniques that are applicable to these large-scale simulation problems.
Serial plasma voriconazole concentrations after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Plasma voriconazole concentrations vary considerably between patients receiving standard dosing, and trough voriconazole concentrations are known to affect efficacy and toxicity. Temporal variations in serial plasma voriconazole concentrations through the course of therapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients has not been carefully described. Paired voriconazole concentrations in 64 patients were studied to determine the predictability of the second concentration based on the first. The difference between the two values was ≤5% in six patients. In 25 patients, the second concentration was higher by a median of 40%. In 33 patients, the subsequent concentration was lower by a median of 59%. For patients with an initial concentration of <2 μg/ml, the correlation between the two values was poor (r = 0.24; P < 0.17). For those with an initial concentration of ≥2 μg/ml, the correlation was good (r = 0.72; P < 0.0001). There was no relationship between the magnitude of the change and the time elapsing between the two measurements. Among the 43 patients who had an initial concentration of ≥1 μg/ml, the two voriconazole measurements were strongly correlated (r = 0.66, P < 0.0001), but only 67% had a voriconazole serum concentration of ≥1 μg/ml on the second measurement. No studied variables were reliable predictors in identifying concentrations above or below 1 or 2 μg/ml. Our data suggest that variations in voriconazole concentrations are unpredictable despite standard dosing, and the acceptability of a concentration on one occasion cannot be extrapolated to future concentrations in the same patient. This suggests that ongoing therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustment may be beneficial in patients requiring prolonged voriconazole therapy.
Rapid and specific cyclosporine assay for the Du Pont aca discrete clinical analyzer performed directly on whole blood.

A rapid, sensitive, and specific enzyme immunometric assay for cyclosporine in whole blood has been developed for the aca® analyzer, using a monoclonal antibody from Sandoz, Ltd. Between-run CVs ranged from 6.5 to 7.6% for samples containing between 60 and 400 ng/mL cyclosporine. Sensitivity was better than 25 ng/mL in the assay, which has an effective upper range of greater than 600 ng/mL. Two correlation studies compared cyclosporine values from the Du Pont method to those determined by HPLC procedures in three hospital laboratories. The results from a total of 120 whole blood samples with CsA between 20 and 800 ng/mL showed excellent correlation between the methodologies. HPLC and Du Pont CsA values from 10 day serial studies also correlated well for samples from a kidney, kidney-pancreas, heart, and two liver transplant patients. We conclude that the Du Pont CSA assay provides accurate and reproducible results in a convenient format in less than 30 minutes.
Compiler-assisted data distribution for chip multiprocessors

Data access latency, a limiting factor in the performance of chip multiprocessors, grows significantly with the number of cores in non-uniform cache architectures with distributed cache banks. To mitigate this effect, it is necessary to leverage the data access locality and choose an optimum data placement. Achieving this is especially challenging when other constraints such as cache capacity, coherence messages and runtime overhead need to be considered. This paper presents a compiler-based approach used for analyzing data access behavior in multi-threaded applications. The proposed experimental compiler framework employs novel compilation techniques to discover and represent multi-threaded memory access patterns (MMAPs). At run time, symbolic MMAPs are resolved and used by a partitioning algorithm to choose a partition of allocated memory blocks among the forked threads in the analyzed application. This partition is used to enforce data ownership by associating the data with the core that executes the thread owning the data. We demonstrate how this information can be used in an experimental architecture to accelerate applications. In particular, our compiler assisted approach shows a 20% speedup over shared caching and 5% speedup over the closest runtime approximation, "first touch".
Continuous learning of a multilayered network topology in a video camera network

A multilayered camera network architecture with nodes as entry/exit points, cameras, and clusters of cameras at different layers is proposed. Unlike existing methods that used discrete events or appearance information to infer the network topology at a single level, this paper integrates face recognition that provides robustness to appearance changes and better models the time-varying traffic patterns in the network. The statistical dependence between the nodes, indicating the connectivity and traffic patterns of the camera network, is represented by a weighted directed graph and transition times that may have multimodal distributions. The traffic patterns and the network topology may be changing in the dynamic environment. We propose a Monte Carlo Expectation-Maximization algorithm-based continuous learning mechanism to capture the latent dynamically changing characteristics of the network topology. In the experiments, a nine-camera network with twenty-five nodes (at the lowest level) is analyzed both in simulation and in real-life experiments and compared with previous approaches.
The Battle of Dogger Bank: The first dreadnought engagement, January 1915

The battle cruiser engagement at Dogger Bank on 24 January 1915 was the first encounter between the British and German navies in which both forces featured products of the pre- 1914 capital ship ra...
The Role of Trophoblast Nutrient and Ion Transporters in the Development of Pregnancy Complications and Adult Disease

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal overgrowth occur in 15% of all pregnancies and lead to the delivery of a baby with an abnormally low or high birth weight, respectively. Both these conditions of pathological fetal growth increase the risk for perinatal complications and predispose the baby for the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in childhood and later in life. Fetal growth is closely related to the capacity of the placenta to transport nutrients and ions, which is dependent of the expression and activity of specific transporter proteins in the plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast, the transporting epithelium of the human placenta. In human IUGR, some trophoblast nutrient and ion transporters are down regulated, whereas fetal overgrowth is associated with an up-regulation of transporters for amino acids and glucose in the placental barrier. Experimental studies have provided evidence to suggest that these changes in placental transport capacity constitute a direct cause of altered fetal growth. Therefore, regulation of placental nutrient transporters play a critical role in determining fetal growth and development, as well as the future health of the baby. This review is focused on the human and (i) summarizes the evidence that changes in the activity and expression of trophoblast nutrient and ion transporters play a central role in determining fetal growth, (ii) discusses the molecular mechanisms regulating trophoblast transporters, and (iii) highlights the implications of these findings for the development of pregnancy complications and fetal programming of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
Higher order sliding mode control for blood glucose regulation

Diabetes is discussed as a serious condition in which the body's production and use of insulin is impaired, causing glucose concentration level to increase in the bloodstream. In this paper, higher order sliding mode control technique, in specific super-twisting algorithm, is used to robustly stabilize the glucose concentration level of a diabetic patient in presence of the parameter variations and meal disturbance. The super-twisting algorithm is employed to attenuate the effect of chattering and obtain continuous control. The structure of the proposed sliding mode controller is appropriate for making the insulin delivery pumps in closed loop control of diabetes. A computer simulation is performed to manifest the theoretical analysis. The efficiency of the proposed controller i.e. robustness and high accuracy, in presence of physical disturbances like food intake is verified via simulations.
Offset removal using floating-gate circuits for mixed-signal systems

Floating-gate devices will be used in CMOS mixed-signal systems to eliminate the effects of device mismatch. Floating-gate transistors are programmed using a mixed-signal programming circuitry. This architecture allows programming of multitudes of floating gates automatically. Using floating-gate transistors, we will remove the input-referred offset voltage from differential pairs. Also, floating gates will be used in current mirrors to program out asymmetries in the output current. Combining the differential pair and current mirror, we create a fully balanced operational transconductance amplifier implemented using the mixed-signal programming architecture. Experimental results will show the performance of the balanced OTA.
THEMIS Ground-Based Magnetometers

The THEMIS mission includes a comprehensive ground-based measurement network that adds two additional dimensions to the information gained in the night magnetosphere by the five THEMIS spacecraft. This network provides necessary correlative data on the strength and extent of events, enables their onsets to be accurately timed, and provides an educational component in which students have an active participation in the program. This paper describes the magnetometers installed to obtain these ground-based North American magnetic measurements, including the magnetometers installed as part of the educational effort, and the support electronics provided by UCLA for the ground-based observatories. These magnetometers measure the Earth’s magnetic field with high resolution, and with precise timing provided by the Global Positioning System. They represent UCLA’s next generation of low-cost, ground-based magnetometers using an inexpensive personal computer for data collection, storage and distribution. These systems can be used in a stand-alone mode requiring only AC power. If there is Internet connectivity, they can be configured to provide near real-time data over the web. These data are provided at full resolution to the entire scientific community over the web with minimal delay.
National culture, leadership and citizenship: Implications for cross-cultural management

Continued globalization is raising the level of diversity within hospitality organizations as well as the likelihood that leaders will manage those from varying national cultures. Previous research has found that cultural congruence between leaders and stakeholders (i.e., from the same or different national cultures) impacts a variety of variables including perceived leadership style, satisfaction and trust. This study extends this line of research by investigating the relationship between cultural congruence, perceived leadership style, leader–member exchange (LMX) and employee citizenship behaviors. Using a highly diverse sample of 520 members of congruent and incongruent dyads from 66 countries working for 2 large cruise lines and 2 subsidiaries, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test the relationships. It was determined that cultural similarity impacted employee perceptions of LMX relations and organization citizenship behaviors, but not leadership style. The results of the study provide strategies for cross-cultural management in the hospitality industry.
Deoxyfluoroketohexoses: 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-sorbose and -tagatose and 5-deoxy-5-fluoro-L-sorbose

Abstract 4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-α- D -sorbose ( 6 ) was prepared in crystalline form by the action of potassium hydrogen fluoride on 3,4-anhydro-1,2- O -isopropylidene-β- D -psicopyranose ( 3 ) followed by deacetonation. Under identical conditions 3,4-anhydro-1,2- O -isopropylidene-β- D -tagatopyranose ( 7 ) underwent epoxide migration to give 4,5-anhydro- 1,2- O -isopropylidene-β- D -fructopyranose ( 12 ), which after deacetonation yielded 4-deoxy-4-fluoro- D -tagatose ( 15 ) 5-deoxy-5-fluoro-α- L -sorbopyranose ( 16 ) the latter as the crystalline free sugar. The action of glycol-cleavage reagents on the isopropylidene acetals of the deoxyfluoro sugars was consistent with the assigned structures. The structures were established by 13 C n.m.r. studies of the free deoxyfluoro sugars 6 and 16 of the isopropylidene acetal 13 , and by 1 H n.m.r. studies on the acetylated isopropylidene acetals 5 diacetate, 13 diacetate, and 14 diacetate. 5-Deoxy-5-fluoro- L -sorbose ( 16 ) was biologically active producing in mice effects characteristic of deoxyfluorotrioses and of fluoroacetate. 4-Deoxy-4-fluoro- D -tagatose ( 15 ) and 4-deoxy-4-fluoro- D -sorbose ( 6 ) produced no apparent effects in mice up to a dose of 500 mg/kg. The implications of these findings with respect to transport phosphorylation, and the action of aldolase on ketohexoses are discussed.
Interactive reconstruction via geometric probing

Geometric probing considers problems of determining a geometric structure or some aspect of that structure from the results of a mathematical or physical measuring device, a probe. The field of geometric probing is surveyed, with results ordered by a probing model. The emphasis is on interactive reconstruction, where the results of all previous measurements are used to determine the orientation of the next probe so it provides the maximum amount of information about the structure. Through interactive reconstruction, finite determination strategies exist for such diverse models as finger, X-ray, and half-plane probes. >
Analytical Calculation of the Self-Resonant Frequency of Biomedical Telemetry Coils

Inductive link is commonly used in biomedical telemetry as a method to wirelessly transmit power and/or data, where coil is very critical to achieve high efficiency. One of the most important but often ignored parameters of the coils is the self-resonant frequency. Due to the fact that the parasitic capacitances are functions of the geometry and winding sequence of the coil, it is very difficult to calculate the self-resonant frequency. The lack of knowledge about the self-resonant frequency greatly limits the design efficiency, especially when the target operating frequency is high, on the order of tens of MHz. This paper presents an analytical model to calculate the self-resonant frequency of multiple-layer coils. A general model of coils to calculate the total parasitic capacitance is given first and then an analytical equation for self-resonant frequency is obtained. The experimental measurement results demonstrate that the equation can accurately predict the self-resonant frequency, therefore can be used for guiding the coil design.
Developing Cultural Competence: Student and Alumni Perspectives.

Abstract One of the areas of increased importance to social work pedagogy is the developmentof culturally competent practice skills. In focus groups, first and second year students, and recent alumni reflected on their growing awareness and competence concerning cultural diversity.Meaningful patterns emerged emphasizing the importance of psychologically safe but challenging learning environments, encountering theory through personal impact, the power of role models, and the need for a greater focus on the transfer of learning to the world of work after graduation. Classroom climate and teaching implications of the findings are proposed.
Proton block of proton-activated TRPV1 current

The TRPV1 cation channel is a polymodal nociceptor that is activated by heat and ligands such as capsaicin and is highly sensitive to changes in extracellular pH. In the body core, where temperature is usually stable and capsaicin is normally absent, H(+) released in response to ischemia, tissue injury, or inflammation is the best-known endogenous TRPV1 agonist, activating the channel to mediate pain and vasodilation. Paradoxically, removal of H(+) elicits a transient increase in TRPV1 current that is much larger than the initial H(+)-activated current. We found that this prominent OFF response is caused by rapid recovery from H(+) inhibition of the excitatory current carried by H(+)-activated TRPV1 channels. H(+) inhibited current by interfering with ion permeation. The degree of inhibition is voltage and permeant ion dependent, and it can be affected but not eliminated by mutations to acidic residues within or near the ion selectivity filter. The opposing H(+)-mediated gating and permeation effects produce complex current responses under different cellular conditions that are expected to greatly affect the response of nociceptive neurons and other TRPV1-expressing cells.
Relationships between lymphatic pump flow and total lymph flow in the small intestine

Response of collecting lymphatics to acute elevations in lymph formation was studied in vivo. Mesentery of 33 rats was prepared for intravital microscopic study, and indexes of lymph propulsion (contraction frequency, stroke volume, and ejection fraction) were monitored. In 14 rats, total lymph flow was measured by cannulating the main intestinal lymph trunk. After a control period, lymph flow was increased by hemodilution with isotonic saline. Right atrial pressure did not significantly increase during the hemodilution period. Total lymph flow increased to approximately 25 times control. Lymph propulsion (the product of stroke volume and contraction frequency) decreased in five lymphangions (group I). In 22 lymphangions, lymph propulsion increased one to five times control (group II). The remaining six lymphangions increased lymph propulsion by greater than five times control (group III). Group I possessed the largest end-diastolic diameter, highest baseline contraction frequency, and did not dilate as lymphatic filling increased. Group III possessed the smallest initial end-diastolic diameter and lowest baseline contraction frequency, and end-diastolic diameter doubled as lymphatic filling increased. The characteristics of group II were between those of groups I and III. Total lymph flow and lymph propulsion by group III lymphangions tended to agree when lymph flow was less than five times control. In more edematous conditions, total lymph flow exceeded lymphatic pump flow. The characteristics of group II were between those of groups I and III. Analysis of the location of various sized lymphangions within the lymphatic network indicated that the smaller group III lymphangions were located nearer the intestinal wall, and the larger group I lymphangions were nearer the outflow from the mesentery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sharing buffer pool memory in multi-tenant relational database-as-a-service

Relational database-as-a-service (DaaS) providers need to rely on multi-tenancy and resource sharing among tenants, since statically reserving resources for a tenant is not cost effective. A major consequence of resource sharing is that the performance of one tenant can be adversely affected by resource demands of other co-located tenants. One such resource that is essential for good performance of a tenant's workload is buffer pool memory. In this paper, we study the problem of how to effectively share buffer pool memory in multi-tenant relational DaaS. We first develop an SLA framework that defines and enforces accountability of the service provider to the tenant even when buffer pool memory is not statically reserved on behalf of the tenant. Next, we present a novel buffer pool page replacement algorithm (MT-LRU) that builds upon theoretical concepts from weighted online caching, and is designed for multi-tenant scenarios involving SLAs and overbooking. MT-LRU generalizes the LRU-K algorithm which is commonly used in relational database systems. We have prototyped our techniques inside a commercial DaaS engine and extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution.
Reoperative Surgery for Constipation or Dysmotility

Constipation implies different symptoms when patients present to their health care provider. Even among health care providers, understanding the exact problem and how to proceed can be vastly different. In an attempt to standardize the definition, a panel of experts met in Rome, Italy, and the Rome criteria were established. These consist of two or more of the following symptoms for greater than 3 months: straining more than 25% of the time with stooling; hard stools more than 25% of the time; incomplete evacuation more than 25% of the time; or two or fewer bowel movements per week.[1] These criteria are not perfect, but provide a starting point for evaluation of these patients when they come to the office.
Percutaneous pedicle screw placement into a spinal segment previously treated with vertebroplasty: technical note

Vertebral augmentation with cement has become a common procedure for the treatment of compression fractures, leading to a growing population who have had this procedure and are now in need of another spinal surgery. This technical note reports an undescribed method for placing pedicle screws through a previously cemented level.
Ire1 supports normal ER differentiation in developing Drosophila photoreceptors

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves virtually all aspects of cell physiology and, by pathways that are incompletely understood, is dynamically remodeled to meet changing cell needs. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (Ire1), a conserved core protein of the unfolded protein response (UPR), participates in ER remodeling and is particularly required during the differentiation of cells devoted to intense secretory activity, so-called 'professional' secretory cells. Here, we characterize the role of Ire1 in ER differentiation in the developing Drosophila compound eye photoreceptors (R cells). As part of normal development, R cells take a turn as professional secretory cells with a massive secretory effort that builds the photosensitive membrane organelle, the rhabdomere. We find rough ER sheets proliferate as rhabdomere biogenesis culminates, and Ire1 is required for normal ER differentiation. Ire1 is active early in R cell development and is required in anticipation of peak biosynthesis. Without Ire1, the amount of rough ER sheets is strongly reduced and the extensive cortical ER network at the rhabdomere base, the subrhabdomere cisterna (SRC), fails. Instead, ER proliferates in persistent and ribosome-poor tubular tangles. A phase of Ire1 activity early in R cell development thus shapes dynamic ER.
Numerical Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operating on Biogas

Biogas can be used as a fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) for efficient power generation from a renewable source. However biogas is, in general, a complex fuel and much work is still needed to identify and remedy possible issues that might arise when used in SOFCs. In this study a SOFC operating on simulated biogas is modeled using an in-house computer code, namely DREAM-SOFC. The model solves for mass transfer, energy balance, electrochemistry and bulk chemical reactions inside the SOFC. Internal reforming of biogas is accounted for through both wet and dry reforming of methane. The model predictions of the cell performance curve are compared with the data from experiments also performed at West Virginia University for validation. The model is then used to predict the concentration distribution of species as well as the temperature distribution in the cell at different operating conditions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Interactive Spatiotemporal Analysis of Oil Spills Using Comap in North Dakota

The aim of the study is to analyze the oil spill pattern from various types of incidents and contaminants to determine the extent that incident data can be used as a baseline to prevent hazardous material releases and improve response activities at a state level. This study addresses the importance of collecting and sharing oil spill incidents as well as analytics using the data. Temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal analysis techniques are employed for the oil-spill related environmental incidents observed in the state of North Dakota, United States of America, from 2000 to 2014, as a result of the oil boom. Specifically, spatiotemporal methods are used to examine how the patterns of environmental incidents in North Dakota, which vary with the time of day, the day, the month, and the season. Results indicate that there were critical spatial and time variations in the distribution of environmental incidents. Application of spatiotemporal interaction visualization techniques, called comap has the potential to help planners and decision makers formulate policy to mitigate the risks associated with environmental incidents, improve safety, and allocate resources.
Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart: I. Enhanced tolerance of immature versus adult myocardium to global ischemia with reference to metabolic differences

This study compares the metabolism and functional responses of adult and immature hearts to a standard ischemic insult. Ten adult dogs (25 to 27 kg) and 10 puppies (6 to 10 weeks old) underwent 45 minutes of aortic clamping on bypass. Preoperative and postoperative ventricular performance (Starling curves), biochemical factors, and water content were measured. Global ischemia in adults produced a 30% mortality rate (3/10) and low output syndrome in survivors (33% recovery of stroke work index). Conversely, all puppies survived and stroke work index returned to 85% of control, with less edema developing (0.4% versus 2% water gain, p less than 0.05). Puppies expended comparable glycogen stores but used more glutamate (15.4 versus 8.6 mumol/gm dry weight), produced more alanine (18.9 versus 6.4 mumol, p less than 0.05), succinate (19 versus 8.2 mumol, p less than 0.05), and malate (2.6 versus 0.15 mumol, p less than 0.05) during ischemia, and recovered better postischemic aerobic metabolism (410 versus 255 nmol tissue pyruvate, p less than 0.05). We conclude that tolerance of immature hearts to ischemia is related to amino acid utilization by transamination and increased substrate level phosphorylation, as occurring in diving mammals, suggesting retention of intrautero adaptive mechanisms.
FPGA remote reconfiguration through VME

We have designed and tested a method to remotely reconfigure FPGA residing on circuit boards within a VME based system. The method supports multiple vendors of FPGA. Because of the parallel nature of the scheme, it is particularly advantageous in large systems.
Social and Biophysical Context Influences County-level Support for Collaborative Watershed Restoration: Case Study of the Sacramento River, CA, USA

Collaborative watershed management is an increasingly common practice with the potential to be more effective than top-down approaches. One critical issue I investigate here is regional differences in collaborative governance context, process, and outcomes within large-scale collaborative watershed restoration. Using interviews, document review, direct observation, and analysis of employment, population, voting, and land use data, I examine differences in socioeconomic, political, and biophysical context among four counties in California, US within a large-scale collaborative watershed restoration project. I relate these factors to differences in collaborative processes and environmental and social outcomes. The four rural agricultural-based counties had different socioeconomic and biophysical concerns associated with large-scale restoration. Flood risk, type of agriculture, and local advocacy organizations emerged as important factors influencing support for collaborative restoration within the watershed. Although individual farmers in all four counties sold their land to restoration practitioners in similar proportions, there were differences in area restored among the counties. Only 3% of the purchased properties were restored in the county with the highest level of irrigated cropland and highest flood risk, while 26–38% of the purchased properties were restored in the other three counties. Multi-benefit projects that target issues important to the community (i.e., recreation or flood control) can reduce opposition as can mitigation and minimization of negative effects of restoration on crops, and co-developing knowledge with stakeholders.
The Nature of the P-Selectin Ligands on Sickle Cells.

Elucidation of the adhesive interactions that effect microvascular occlusion in sickle cell disease both increases our understanding of the pathophysiology of vasoocclusion and identifies molecular targets for the development of therapeutic interventions. Work from our laboratory has established that sickle RBC adhere to P-selectin on thrombin-activated endothelial cells and to immobilized, recombinant P-selectin in vitro (Matsui et al. Blood 98:1955, 2001) and that this adhesion can be inhibited by agents that block P-selectin (Matsui et al. Blood 100:3790, 2002). Based on these findings, we established that sickle RBC adherence to endothelial P-selectin has a substantial influence on microvascular blood flow in vivo and that blocking P-selectin enhances microvascular flow (Embury et al. Blood In Press). We reasoned that characterization of the cognate ligands for P-selectin ligand on sickle RBC could identify additional targets for therapeutic intervention. We had determined that that sickle RBC did not express the P-selectin ligand, P-selectin glycoprotein-1, but that membrane sialic acid is required for sickle RBC binding to P-selectin. Here we describe further characterization of the P-selectin binding determinants on sickle RBC membranes. We assessed the expression of sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) on sickle RBC using flow cytometry and the importance of sLeX expression to the rolling adhesion of sickle RBC to P-selectin in vitro. Using the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) HECA-452 and CSLEX-1 in flow cytometry we detected significant expression of sLeX on sickle RBC (p