cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are "Infinity Machines" Paradoxical?: Can processes involving an infinite sequence of operations or "acts" be completed in a finite time?

The mathematical physicist Hermann Weyl (2) has claimed that, unless machines can accomplish an infinite sequence of distinct operations in a finite time, the standard mathematical theory of motion is beset by one of Zeno's kinematical paradoxes. Hence I have compared the kinematics of several such "infinity machines" to the kinematics of the continuous motion of Achilles. And I have argued that, while some designs for infinity machines are indeed inconsistent, others are not impossible on purely kinematical grounds. This argument was coupled with several reasons for denying Zeno's and A. N. Whitehead's allegation of paradox against the mathematical, description of the motion of Achilles.
Platinum(0) complexes with bulky phosphines: Trinuclear SO2 and CS2 complexes

Abstract The synthesis and reaction chemistry of series of trinuclear SO 2 and CS 2 complexes containing the bulky phosphines PCy 3 and P(t-Bu) 3 are reported.
The Variability of the Achilles Tendon Insertion: A Cadaveric Examination

Pathology associated with the Achilles tendon is a common problem, particularly at the site of insertion. A better understanding of the anatomy in this area would assist in developing and fine-tuning treatment options. A cadaveric examination was conducted using 60 human lower extremities (40 cadavers) to determine the location for the terminal insertion site of the Achilles tendon on the posterior aspect of the calcaneus. The average age of the specimens was 67.8 years (range, 43-98 years). Three different investigators examined each specimen, and a consensus as to the site of termination of the Achilles tendon was made. Upon inspection, 55% (22/40) of the limbs had the Achilles tendon inserting on the superior 1/3 aspect of the calcaneus, 40% (16/40) of the limbs inserted on the middle 1/3, and 5% (2/40) of the limbs inserted on the inferior 1/3. The distribution of the insertion was statistically different from random (P = .000371). Further, 8% (3/40) of the specimens revealed a partially contiguous relationship between the Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia. This correlated with the younger specimens (P < .0001). This study provides a better understanding of the anatomical relationship between the Achilles tendon, the calcaneus, and the plantar fascia.
Factors affecting conformations of cyclic polypeptides in the crystalline state

Criteria for geometrical parameters, such as bond lengths, bond angles and torsional angles, are needed for building models of polypeptides based on spectral data and/or minimum energy calculations. Some assumptions that are made frequently are: that the most stable form of the peptide unit is planar and in the trans conformation; that the maximum number of hydrogen bonds will be formed: that peptides dissolved in nonpolar solvents will turn their polar groups toward the interior of the molecule (and form intramolecular hydrogen bonds), whereas those dissolved in polar solvents will turn their polar groups toward the exterior. The validity of such assumptions has been examined by crystal structure analyses of a variety of cyclic peptides crystallized under varying conditions. The cyclic backbone in telrapeptides, both natural and synthetic, has been found to assume four different conformations, cis trans cis trans with a center of inversion or with a twofold rotation axis, and trans trans trans trans with a center of inversion or with a twofold rotation axis. A pair of similar cyclic pentapeptides have been found to be rotational isomers, where the backbone conformation (all trans) remains the same, but the side chains progress by one peptide unit around the ring. A hexapeptide analogue crystallized from (CH3)2SO/(CH3)2CO and from H2O/(CH3)2CO crystallizes in different space groups. Four molecules of the hexapeptide aggregate by intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form an almost identical large cavity in each case; however, in one crystal the cavity is filled with water molecules, which make extensive hydrogen bonds to the polar groups of the surrounding peptide molecules, whereas in the other case, the cavity contains (CH3)2SO that participates in only one hydrogen bond to the peptide and otherwise presents a lipophilic surface toward the polar lining of the cavity. A similar phenomenon has been observed in the large-diameter channels formed by antamanide molecules (cyclic decapeptide) where the channel is occupied either by many water molecules in definite sites and hydrogen bound to the peptide molecules, or by nonpolar disordered n-hexane molecules. In the latter two examples the character of the solvent does not influence the conformation of the peptide.
Parents' and Professionals' Perceptions of the Implementation of Family-Centered Practices in Child Assessments

Purpose To determine the degree to which early intervention professionals and families agreed on whether specific family-centered practices were implemented in specific child assessments and which practices were viewed as important to include in future child assessments. Method A self-rating instrument was used to survey 134 early intervention professionals (across a variety of disciplines) and 58 family members in triads (2 professionals and 1 family member for each assessment) after they had participated together in a child assessment. Participants were asked to identify across 41 family-centered practices whether the practice was implemented (actual practice) and would be important to include in future assessments (ideal practice). Results Agreement between families and professionals and between professionals was high for both actual practices (69% and 78%, respectively) and ideal practices (82% and 84%, respectively). Some practices were frequently implemented, whereas others were seldom implemented. ...
The effect of feeding the tsetse fly Glossina Morsitans Westw. on impala blood

In a laboratory investigation in Rhodesia of the ability of Glossina morsitans Westw. to digest blood from the impala ( Aepyceros melampus ), the efficiency of digestion, as measured by the regression of the amount of haematin excreted in 48 hr. on the size of the blood meal, was found not to differ significantly between flies fed on impala blood and flies fed on blood from a variety of vertebrate hosts. This result, together with the report that captive flies can be induced to engorge from a live impala, refuts the suggestion that the low incidence of impala blood meals recorded in the firld is because impala blood contains a facor lethal to tsetse. One possible reason for the non-utilisation of this antelope, despite its abundance in tsetse areas, is its vigorous reaction to biting insects.
Surface folding and viscosity of rhyolite flows

Regularly spaced ridges on rhyolite flows are analyzed through the use of a surface-folding model that was first applied to ropy structures on pahoehoe basalt flows. The requirement that there be a strong folding instability to produce regularly spaced ridges places constraints on three dimensionless parameters related to the properties of the lava and the geometry of the channel: R > 35, S 28. R is the ratio of surface to interior viscosities, S is a ratio between the stress due to the weight of the lava and the compressive stress due to folding, and L dγ is a dimensionless form of the ridge spacing. Estimates of strain rates and measurements of ridge spacings and thicknesses of thermal boundary layers of flows allow these three parameters to be calculated independently for a given flow lobe. For the Big Glass Mountain rhyolitic obsidian flow in northern California, R ≅ 104, S 44. This compatibility between theory and observation supports the folding interpretation for ridges. Furthermore, the model allows calculation of the minimum viscosity of many flows for which such data are otherwise unavailable. The viscosities of a dacite flow in Chile and of a. possible lava flow on Mars are calculated as examples.
Exogenous control of home water preference in the silver shiner

Silver shiners were captured and preference tested in a Y-maze, with water taken from their place of capture (home) vs water taken from another part of the stream. Those fish tested with freshly gathered water shortly after capture preferred the arms of the maze containing home water. However, fish held in the laboratory for a long period of time and tested with freshly gathered water failed to show any preference, but the laboratory-held shiners demonstrated a home-water preference when tested with water preserved by freezing which had been gathered at the time of capture.
Discussion of PET workshop reports, including recommendations of PET Data Analysis Working Group.

On May 1-2, 1989, a PET Data Analysis Working Group convened to consider positron emission tomography (PET) methodology and data analysis. The papers presented and the recommendations of the Group are reviewed
Changes in behavior and electrocortical activity in the monkey following administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP).

Simultaneous measurements of the behavioral and electrocortical effects of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, have been made in rhesus monkeys. Intramuscular injections of 50, 75, 100 mg/kg doses depressed the monkeys' rate of responding in proportion to the amount of the compound injected. The changes in the electrocortical activity of the animals were correlated with the changes in their behavior.
The role of gene V protein in f1 single-strand synthesis.

Abstract We demonstrate that, in cells infected with phage f1, only the gene V protein, a DNA-binding protein, is necessary to effect the switch from double- to single-strand synthesis; we specifically show that no host proteins are required for single-strand synthesis beyond those that are already required for double-strand synthesis. f1 temperature-sensitive ( ts ) gene II-infected cells were allowed to accumulate excess gene V protein in the absence of DNA replication through incubation at restrictive temperature. The infected cells were then shifted to permissive temperature in the presence of chloramphenicol; single-strand synthesis ensued. When, however, the identical experiment was performed with wild-type f1-infected cells, double, rather than single strands were synthesized. Since the principal difference between the two experiments lay in the accumulation of excess gene V protein in the ts II infection, single-strand synthesis must have halted in the wild-type infection because no free gene V protein was available and not because a chloramphenicol-sensitive host protein was being depleted. Chloramphenicol, by preventing protein synthesis, apparently blocks the two sources of gene V protein normally used for single-strand synthesis. No new gene V protein can be synthesized, and all previously synthesized gene V protein remains stably complexed with preexisting single strands rather than being recycled during morphogenesis of the single strands. In the absence of both new and recycled gene V protein, double-strand synthesis resumes. If a failure to recycle gene V protein were indeed the lesion induced by chloramphenicol treatment, then inactivation of specific f1 gene products required for morphogenesis, through use of amber and temperature-sensitive mutant phage, might also lead to replacement of single-strand synthesis by double-strand synthesis. Such cessation of single-strand synthesis was indeed found after infections by mutants in genes I, IV, VII, and VIII but not after infections by mutants in genes III and VI. The gene III and VI proteins therefore act at a later step in morphogenesis than the gene I, IV, VII, and VIII proteins; they appear to function after the single strands and gene V protein have separated. Data obtained from temperature shift experiments indicate that the supply of gene V protein in an infected cell is carefully regulated and that there is never much free gene V protein available.
The impact of childhood sickness on adult socioeconomic outcomes: evidence from late 19th century America.

We use family fixed-effects models to estimate the impact of childhood health on adult literacy, labor force outcomes, and marital status among pairs of white brothers observed as children in the 1880 U.S. Census and then as adults in the 1900–1930 Censuses. Given our focus on the 19th century, we observed a wider array of infectious, chronic, and traumatic health problems than is observed using data that are more recent; our results thus provide some insights into circumstances in modern developing countries where similar health problems are more frequently observed. Compared to their healthy siblings, sick brothers were less likely to be located (and thus more likely to be dead) 20–50 years after their 1880 enumeration. Sick brothers were also less likely to be literate, to have ever been married, and to have reported an occupation. However, among those with occupations, sick and healthy brothers tended to do similar kinds of work. We discuss the implications of our results for research on the impact of childhood health on socioeconomic outcomes in developed and developing countries.
Small sample bias in dynamic occupancy models

Occupancy models may be used to estimate the probability that a randomly selected site in an area of interest is occupied by a species (c), given imperfect detection (p). This method can be extended, given multiple survey periods, to permit the estimation of seasonal probabilities of c, colonization (g), persistence (w), and extinction (1 � w) in season t. We evaluated the sampling properties of estimators of these parameters using simulated data across a range of the parameters, differing levels of sites and visits, with a published dynamic occupancy model (Royle and Kery 2007). Bias depended largely on p and the number of visits, but also on the number of sites, ct, g, and 1 � w. To decrease bias in all parameters to near zero, our results suggest that the number of required visits will depend on p, such that the probability of detection at an occupied site is near 0.9, and the required number of sites will be near 60 for ct estimation and 120 or greater for g and 1 � w estimation. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A Power-Efficient Receiver Architecture Employing Bias-Current-Shared RF and Baseband With Merged Supply Voltage Domains and 1/f Noise Reduction

A power-efficient quadrature receiver employing a down-converter that uses a passive current-commutating mixer for frequency translation is presented. The architecture uses bias-current sharing between the RF and baseband stages while making the full supply voltage available to either stage. An input transconductor, realized using a differential common-source stage, converts the RF signal into a current, while baseband amplification is achieved using a transimpedance amplifier. Active noise shaping networks are implemented for reducing low-frequency noise at the output that can arise from the RF and baseband transconductors. Linearity is enhanced by synthesizing a nonlinear gain in the transimpedance amplifier to compensate for baseband compression. The design includes variable gain capability. An on-chip divider is employed to synthesize quadrature LO signals. Noise and linearity performance of the core down-converter is analyzed. The receiver is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The prototype achieves a maximum conversion gain of 44.5 dB, NF of 4.3 dB, in-channel OIP3 of 20 dBV while consuming 2.2 mA in each of the quadrature paths from a 1.8 V supply. This performance is achieved without the use of integrated inductors, which allows for a small die area of 0.5 mm2.
Military Medicine: Not the Same as Practicing Medicine in the Miitary:

The discipline of military medicine is dedicated to keeping our uniformed services "fit to fight." With an extensive historical, academic, and technical knowledge base of its own, it is responsible for maintaining the medical hygiene of deploying forces, as well as treatment of the unique diseases and injuries associated with combat operations. This is generally done while utilizing procedures and "ground rules" not directly adaptable from peacetime practices. Military history provides many lessons that confirm the validity of the precepts of military medicine. Unfortunately, many of these principles have lain fallow between conflicts, requiring that they be relearned at great human expense during subsequent engagements.
Perceptions of staff quality improvement training needs among Veterans Affairs nursing home leadership

This study seeks to describe clinical leadership’s perceptions of staff understanding of the minimum data set (MDS) quality indicators (QIs) and ways to improve staff understanding of this system, ...
Measurements of absorbed dose distributions in air from low-energy electron point sources

Abstract The growing use of internally deposited radionuclides in radioimmunotherapy has established the need for accurate information about the energy deposition by low-energy electrons at the cellular level. To the present time only theoretical calculations are available, and the theory has been tested only by indirect experimental methods. The present work contains an implementation of computer programs (based on current theoretical knowledge) that allow rapid dosimetry calculations at a cellular scale needed to estimate the usefulness of radionuclei that decay by emission of any combination of β particles, γ or x rays, or internal conversion electrons. As a test of the theory, a set of measurements using point sources of discrete-energy (internal conversion and Auger process) electrons as well as β-particle emissions is described. A finite detector correction that accounts for effective detector size and detector position displacement is included. The experimental results reported here indicate a significant disagreement with the theoretical data, specifically in the shape of the dose distribution (point kernel) functions at distances from the source in air below 15 mg/cm2.
Characterization of a PDK1 Homologue from the Moss Physcomitrella patens

The serine/threonine protein kinase 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is a highly conserved eukaryotic kinase that is a central regulator of many AGC kinase subfamily members. Through its regulation of AGC kinases, PDK1 controls many basic cellular processes, from translation to cell survival. While many of these PDK1-regulated processes are conserved across kingdoms, it is not well understood how PDK1 may have evolved within kingdoms. In order to better understand PDK1 evolution within plants, we have isolated and characterized the PDK1 gene from the moss Physcomitrella patens (PpPDK1), a nonvascular representative of early land plants. PpPDK1 is similar to other plant PDK1s in that it can functionally complement a yeast PDK1 knockout line. However, unlike PDK1 from other plants, the P. patens PDK1 protein does not bind phospholipids due to a lack of the lipid-binding pleckstrin homology domain, which is used for lipid-mediated regulation of PDK1 activity. Sequence analysis of several PDK1 proteins suggests that lipid regulation of PDK1 may not commonly occur in algae and nonvascular land plants. PpPDK1 can phosphorylate AGC kinase substrates from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and P. patens at the predicted PDK1 phosphorylation site, indicating that the PpPDK1 substrate phosphorylation site is conserved with higher plants. We have also identified residues within the PpPDK1 kinase domain that affect kinase activity and show that a mutant with highly reduced kinase activity can still confer cell viability in both yeast and P. patens. These studies lay the foundation for further analysis of the evolution of PDK1 within plants.
Tc tuning of tungsten transition edge sensors using iron implantation

Abstract We have developed a technique for precisely tuning the transition temperature of superconducting tungsten (W) films used in Quasiparticle trap-assisted Electrothermal-feedback Transition edge sensors (QETs). We have demonstrated our technique using several 350 A-thick W films with “as-deposited” transition temperatures in the range of ∼90–150 mK. The accuracy of our tuning process is excellent, and T c suppressions of prescribed amounts ranging from a few mK to 100 mK have been demonstrated. Our implantation method is highly reproducible and does not result in broadened transitions of the superconducting films. Our results represent an important breakthrough in the optimization of detectors used in the Cold Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiments, where we prefer W phonon sensors with T c ∼65 mK. In this paper, we describe in detail our T c tuning technique and we present results from characterization experiments performed with the T c - adjusted films.
Des-Gly-vasopressin improves acquisition and slows extinction of autoshaped behavior.

Abstract The effects of a vasopressin analog (DGAVP) with minimal endocrinological activity, were assayed on acquisition and extinction of a discrete trial, food reinforced, autoshaped lever touch response. Magazine-trained rats, maintained at 80–85% of free-feeding body weights, were injected s.c. with saline, 5 or 10 ωg/kg of DGAVP 1 h before each of two sessions in which they learned to touch a retractable lever, presented on a 45 s random interval (RI 45) schedule. Retracted lever contacts (nose-pokes) and unconditioned rearing activity were simultaneously monitored. After acquisition of the extended lever touch response, rats were reassigned to treatment groups, and again injected with saline, 5 or 10 ωg/kg of DGAVP 1 h before each of two extinction sessions. DGAVP facilitated acquisition (5 ωg/kg) and slowed extinction (5 and 10 ωg/kg) of conditioned behavior, while having no effects on the other behaviors, thus demonstrating the specificity of the effect of a vasopressin-like compound on both tasks (enhanced acquisition and retarded extinction) used to study learning.
Hypothermia-induced changes in rat short latency somatosensory evoked potentials.

Abstract Under general anesthesia, rats were gradually cooled from 37°C to 24°C. Slowly cooling avoided large temperature gradients between central and peripheral nervous systems. Short latency somatosensory potentials were evoked by forepaw stimulation and recorded from skull and depth structures. Cooling progressively increased onset and peak latencies and duration of all potentials. Amplitude of surface and depth recorded potentials decreased with decreasing temperatures except amplitude of surface component I increased. The response of surface and depth components to different rates of stimulation and cooling clearly indicates that cooling slows synaptic transmission much more than fiber conduction. The response of surface and depth recorded potentials to hypothermia suggests that evoked activity in cervical dorsal column and cuneate nucleus contributes to surface component I, that activity in cuneate nucleus, medial lemniscus, and inferior cerebellar peduncle contributes to surface component II, and that activity in thalamocortical fibers and probably cerebellum contributes to surface component III. These conclusions agree with our previous thoughts about the origin of short latency, surface recorded somatosensory evoked potentials.
A Validation Study of the Performance Indicators and Learner Outcomes of Kentucky's Alternate Assessment for Students with Significant Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to conduct an expert validation of Kentucky's alternate assessment for students with significant disabilities. Since 1992, this has been the only fully operational, st...
Stochastic Approximation vis-a-vis Online Learning for Big Data Analytics [Lecture Notes]

We live in an era of data deluge, where data translate to knowledge and can thus contribute in various directions if harnessed and processed intelligently. There is no doubt that signal processing (SP) is of uttermost relevance to timely big data applications such as real-time medical imaging, smart cities, network state visualization and anomaly detection (e.g., in the power grid and the Internet), health informatics for personalized treatment, sentiment analysis from online social media, Web-based advertising, recommendation systems, sensor-empowered structural health monitoring, and e-commerce fraud detection, just to name a few. Accordingly, abundant chances unfold to SP researchers and practitioners for fundamental contributions in big data theory and practice.
The White Buddhist: The Asian Odyssey of Henry Steel Olcott

Denounced by the New York Times as an 'unmitigated rascal' while simultaneously being lauded as a reincarnation of Gautama Buddha himself, Henry Steel Olcott was a friend to Madame Blavatsky and an indefatigable reformer and culture broker between East and West. This book is an engaging study of spiritual quest.
Public Relations as a Quest for Justice: Resource Dependency, Reputation, and the Philosophy of David Hume

Scholars have long posited justice as a core value of public relations. However, that value has been criticized as being improbably idealistic. Philosopher David Hume locates the origins of justice within the need for property and the reliable exchange of resources. Hume thus embeds the origins of justice within a staple of public relations theory: resource dependency theory. Additionally, Hume believes a respect for justice to be the foundation of a positive reputation. This grounding of the quest for justice in resource dependency and reputation helps establish a realistic basis for accepting justice as a core value of public relations.
Probabilistic color-by-numbers: suggesting pattern colorizations using factor graphs

We present a probabilistic factor graph model for automatically coloring 2D patterns. The model is trained on example patterns to statistically capture their stylistic properties. It incorporates terms for enforcing both color compatibility and spatial arrangements of colors that are consistent with the training examples. Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo, the model can be sampled to generate a diverse set of new colorings for a target pattern. This general probabilistic framework allows users to guide the generated suggestions via conditional inference or additional soft constraints. We demonstrate results on a variety of coloring tasks, and we evaluate the model through a perceptual study in which participants judged sampled colorings to be significantly preferable to other automatic baselines.
Electoral balancing, divided government and ‘midterm’ loss in German elections

This paper takes a fresh look at the midterm loss in German elections and argues that government type is a crucial determinant of midterm loss. Using panel regressions on a newly compiled data set covering all state elections during the period 1949–2004, we find that systematic midterm losses occur only when both chambers of the federal legislature (Bundestag and Bundesrat) are controlled by one party or a party coalition. Prior research has failed to discover this important regularity. These findings lend strong support to electoral balancing models while calling into doubt more traditional explanations of midterm loss.
A Fast HPLC Analysis of Cholesterol and Cholesteryl Esters in Avian Plasma

Abstract A rapid HPLC method for the quantitation of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in avian plasma is described. After extraction with isopropanol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were eluted with acetonitrile-isopropanol (50:50, v/v) on a short, 3μ, reversed-phase column within 24 min and detected at 210 nm. The assay was used to evaluate differences in the free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters contents of blood plasma from Japanese quail genetically selected for high and low plasma cholesterol levels. Selection has altered cholesteryl ester distribution in quail, and may provide clues regarding genetic control of cholesterol metabolism.
Regulatory Cells Generated by Testicular Tolerization to Retinal S-Antigen: Possible Involvement of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β in the Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis

Abstract Intratesticular injection of a retinal protein (S-antigen) into Lewis rats induces systemic immunotolerance (designated orchidic tolerance) and renders animals refractory to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) produced by S-antigen immunization. We demonstrated in this work that the immunotolerance could be transferred to syngeneic naive rats by both CD4 + and CD8 + regulatory cells. Attempts were then made to characterize the cytokines involved in the immunosuppressive activity of these regulatory cells. Using the in vitro lymphoproliferation assay, the inhibitory effect of CD4 + cells on effector cells was found to be reversed by antibodies against IL-4 and IL-10 but not by anti-TGF-β antibody. IL-4 (IC 50 = 1.6 ng/10 6 cells) and IL-10 (IC 50 = 0.6 ng/10 6 cells) added to the assay medium were potent inhibitors of effector cell proliferation. Increased immunoreactivity and mRNA expression for IL-4 and IL-10 was observed for CD4 + regulatory cells. The inhibitory effect of CD8 + regulatory cells was reversed by anti-TGF-β antibody but not by antibodies against IL-4 and IL-10. Compared with control CD8 + cells, CD8 + cells from tolerized rats demonstrated higher immunoreactivity for TGF-β but did not show an enhanced expression of mRNA for TGF-β. TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 added to effector cells showed dichotomous effects; both isoforms stimulated cell proliferation at 2.5 ng/10 6 cells and inhibited at lower or higher concentrations. These results led us to conclude that IL-4 and IL-10 are important cytokines for the immunosuppressive effect of CD4 + regulatory cells generated in orchidic tolerance. TGF-β is an important immunosuppressive cytokine for CD8 + regulatory cells but further studies will determine whether other cytokines are also involved.
The Study on Robust Controller Synthesis Using Genetic Optimization Algorithm Integrating Taguchi Methods

A controller synthesis algorithm is developed in this paper. The algorithm employs the genetic algorithm for parameter optimization and Taguchi method for the planning of trails in applying the genetic algorithms. The resulting two-phase algorithm explores the orthogonal array in Taguchi method to conduct a series of experiments so that key parameters pertaining to the control factors, noise factors, and quality factors can be determined. In the first phase, a matrix-type experiment is conducted to determine the configuration for parameter optimization. The second phase then applies parameter optimization method to determine the controller parameter that leads to robust performance. The combined two-phase approach is effective and efficient in controller synthesis. The proposed algorithm is applied to a control-design benchmark problem. The resulting design is shown to have a superior performance to other existing controllers.
Phase 1 Data Summary Report for the Clinch River Remedial Investigation: Health Risk and Ecological Risk Screening Assessment

The Clinch River Remedial Investigation (CRRI) is designed to address The transport, fate, and distribution of waterborne contaminants from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) and to assess potential risks to human health and the environment associated with these contaminants. The contaminants released since the early 1940s include a variety of radionuclides, metals, and organic compounds. Primary areas of investigation are Melton Hill Reservoir, the Clinch River from Melton Hill Dam to its confluence with the Tennessee River, Poplar Creek, and Watts Bar Reservoir. The receiving river-reservoir system encompasses 140 river miles in length and 44,000 acres in surface area and is used for municipal water supply, sport fishing, navigation, boating, swimming, tourism, and residential development. The contaminants identified in the Clinch River/Watts Bar Reservoir (CR/WBR) downstream of the ORR are those associated with the water, suspended particles, deposited sediments, aquatic organisms, and wildlife feeding on aquatic organisms. A phased remedial investigation of the CR/WBR system is underway to (1) define the nature and extent of the off-site contamination, (2) evaluate associated environmental and human health risks, and (3) preliminarily identify and evaluate potential remediation alternatives. The purpose of this report is to summarize the results of Phase 1 of the CRRI.
Treatment of hypertensive emergencies: blood pressure cosmetics or outcome evidence?

For almost half a century, the standard approach to the treatment of hypertensive emergencies has been based on the evidence from a case series by Gifford. In this study, the blood pressure was promptly reduced with either reserpine, the drug of first choice at the time, or sodium nitroprusside.1 In 1991, the Lancet stated, ‘Clearly the immediate goal of treatment should be a reduction in pressure that begins quickly and continues gradually.’2 At that time, some of the preferred drugs to be used for achieving blood pressure control were sublingual captopril or nifedipine. Interestingly, the Lancet editorial also stated emphatically, ‘In case of doubt, nifedipine will be the safer option.’2 We, since then, have learned that this dictum was not necessarily true.
Processing networks with planned inventories: Tandem queues with feedback

Abstract This note continues the investigation, initiated by Lee and Zipkin, of tandem queues with planned inventories. Such models are designed to represent make-to-stock production processes, where intermediate and finished goods can be produced and stored in advance of demand. Otherwise, the setup is much like that of the classic Jackson network model. We suppose each production stage occasionally produces a defective unit, which must then repeat processing, return to an earlier stage, or be discarded. We propose and test a tractable approximation scheme. The approximation appears to be reasonably accurate. This implies that poor quality degrades performances mainly by wasting production capacity.
Evaluating content-based filters for image and video retrieval

This paper investigates the level of metadata accuracy required for image filters to be valuable to users. Access to large digital image and video collections is hampered by ambiguous and incomplete metadata attributed to imagery. Though improvements are constantly made in the automatic derivation of semantic feature concepts such as indoor, outdoor, face, and cityscape, it is unclear how good these improvements should be and under what circumstances they are effective. This paper explores the relationship between metadata accuracy and effectiveness of retrieval using an amateur photo collection, documentary video, and news video. The accuracy of the feature classification is varied from performance typical of automated classifications today to ideal performance taken from manually generated truth data. Results establish an accuracy threshold at which semantic features can be useful, and empirically quantify the collection size when filtering first shows its effectiveness.
Kimura's Disease

Kimuras disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. It is rare in the West, but endemic in Asia. It typically presents as solitary or multiple subcutaneous nodules, that slowly increase in size. The lesions are variably painful and pruritic. It often accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy, raised serum eosinophil counts, and markedly elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels. Histologically, the lesions are characterized by reactive lymphoid follicles with eosinophilic infiltration and an increased amount of postcapillary venules. The optimal treatment for KD remains controversial. Although the condition seldom resolves spontaneously, malignant transformation has not been reported to date, and the prognosis is good. We describe a male patient with a 4-year pruritic progressive "bump" in front of his left ear. On physical examination, the patient had 2 discrete lesions on the left side of his face near his ear. Postauricularly, there was a 3 x 5 cm erythematous to violaceous, indurated nodule. Preauricularly, there was a similar, but smaller cyst-like nodule. Punch biopsy showed a superficial and deep nodular and interstitial infiltrate, reactive lymphoid follicles with a dense infiltration of eosinophils and areas of eosinophilic follicle lysis. The patient received intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections 10 mg/cc behind left ear with a good improvement.
Integrative DNA methylation and gene expression analysis identifies discoidin domain receptor 1 association with idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia.

Objective To evaluate the association between promoter DNA methylation and discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) gene expression in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Design Comparing fibroblasts cultured from testicular biopsies using a high resolution Infinium 450K methylation array. Setting Basic research laboratory. Patient(s) Men with NOA (n = 16) and with normal spermatogenesis (n = 5). Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Bisulfite clonal sequencing for validation and quantification of CpG methylation of DDR1; gene expression analysis of DDR1 with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to validate the array results at mRNA and protein levels. Result(s) We validated promoter methylation, mRNA and protein levels of the CpG sites identified from array results. Differentially methylated CpG sites (∼20K) were identified using an F-test in the NOA samples. We identified 20 genes with >30% difference in DNA methylation within the promoter region of men with NOA and fertile controls. Of the aberrantly methylated genes, 10 were hypomethylated and 10 were hypermethylated genes. From the top 10 hypermethylated genes, six genes ( MRI1 , DCAF12L1 , TMEM95 , CECR2 , DDR1 , and NPHS2 ) were selected for validation because they were shown to be expressed in the testis. Of the six genes expressed in the fibroblasts cultured from testis, DDR1 showed an abnormal gene expression pattern. Three patients (19%) out of the 16 men with NOA for whom gene expression data were available had lower DDR1 expression levels (1.8x fold decrease) than the fertile men, whereas four (25%) men had higher expression levels (2x fold increase) of DDR1 compared with the levels in fertile men. Quantitative analysis by bisulfite clonal sequencing showed that one of the CpG sites (cg13329862) of DDR1 promoter was hypermethylated in NOA patients compared with fertile controls (53% vs. 15%). Immunohistochemical analysis suggests presence of DDR1 within cytoplasm of germ cells and peritubular connective tissue (in men with hypospermatogenesis) and decreased expression of the protein in men with Sertoli-cell only syndrome. Conclusion(s) Abnormal gene expression of DDR1 is associated with NOA. The functional relevance of aberrant methylation of DDR1 to expression of DDR1 in men with NOA warrants further investigation.
Ferroportin and Exocytoplasmic Ferroxidase Activity Are Required for Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Iron Efflux

The mechanism(s) of iron flux across the brain microvasculature endothelial cells (BMVEC) of the blood-brain barrier remains unknown. Although both hephaestin (Hp) and the ferrous iron permease ferroportin (Fpn) have been identified in BMVEC, their roles in iron efflux have not been examined. Using a human BMVEC line (hBMVEC), we have demonstrated that these proteins are required for iron efflux from these cells. Expression of both Hp and Fpn protein was confirmed in hBMVEC by immunoblot and indirect immunofluorescence; we show that hBMVEC express soluble ceruloplasmin (Cp) transcript as well. Depletion of endogenous Hp and Cp via copper chelation leads to the reduction of hBMVEC Fpn protein levels as well as a complete inhibition of 59Fe efflux. Both hBMVEC Fpn protein and 59Fe efflux activity are restored upon incubation with 6.6 nm soluble plasma Cp. These results are independent of the source of cell iron, whether delivered as transferrin- or non-transferrin-bound 59Fe. Our results demonstrate that iron efflux from hBMVEC Fpn requires the action of an exocytoplasmic ferroxidase, which can be either endogenous Hp or extracellular Cp.
Determination of the structures of molecularly imprinted polymers and xerogels using an automated stochastic approach.

An automated stochastic docking program with a graphical user interface, RANDOMDOCK (RD), has been developed to aid the development of molecularly imprinted polymers and xerogels. RD supports computations with ab initio and semiempirical quantum chemistry programs. The RD algorithms have been tested by searching for the most stable geometries of a varying number of methacrylic acid molecules interacting with nicotinamide. The optimal structures found are either as stable or more stable than those previously proposed for this molecularly imprinted polymer, illustrating that RD is capable of identifying the lowest-energy structures out of a potentially vast number of possible configurations. RD was subsequently applied to determine the most favorable binding sites between silane molecules and tetracycline (TC) as well as TC analogues. Hydrogen bonding between the templates and a silane is an important determinant of stability. Dispersion interactions are also sizable, sometimes dominant, especially between ...
Stone fragmentation during shock wave lithotripsy is improved by slowing the shock wave rate: studies with a new animal model.

ABSTRACTPurpose: The current trend toward ungated shock wave lithotripsy means that more patients are being treated with shock waves delivered at a rapid rate (120 shock waves per minute or greater). However, no benefit of an increased shock wave rate has been shown and in vitro studies indicate that slowing the shock wave rate actually improves stone fragmentation. We tested the effect of the shock wave rate on stone comminution in a new animal model.Materials and Methods: Gypsum model stones were inserted via upper pole percutaneous access into the lower pole calix of the kidneys of female pigs weighing approximately 100 pounds. Shock wave lithotripsy was performed (400 shock waves uninterrupted at 20 kV. and 30 or 120 shock waves per minute) 2 hours later using an unmodified HM3 lithotriptor (Dornier Medical Systems, Marietta, Georgia). After en bloc excision of the urinary tract stone fragments were collected and sieved through 2 mm. mesh. The particles were weighed and surface area was determined.Res...
Truth and measurement

WHEN I READ Mr. Lee's glowing tribute, I cannot help wondering whether I really deserve the very complimentary statements he makes. It is with a great deal of pride and appreciation, however, that I accept this award. When I consider the achievements of those who have received the Lamme Medal in the past, I feel especially privileged to be included in that group so highly honored by the AIEE.
The Moral Politics of Cholera in Postemancipation Jamaica

This article situates the 1850–1851 cholera epidemic in the British colony of Jamaica within prevalent debates about the moral condition of Jamaicans of African descent, the economic crises of the 1840s and 1850s, and ultimately the effectiveness of emancipation. Through close readings of Scottish physician Gavin Milroy's reports, juxtaposed against correspondence between colonial officials and local public health authorities, this article argues that the cholera epidemic not only provided another venue to air critiques of Jamaica's transition from slavery to freedom, but also revealed as essential one particular solution – sanitary reform – to two major issues: cholera and the island's economic decline.
The Cross-Lagged Correlation Technique: Reconsideration in Terms of Exploratory Utility, Assumption Specification and Robustness:

The cross-lagged correlation technique (CLC) for assessing causality from passive observational data has been the subject of much recent criticism. CLC compares cross correlations between variables across time points of measurement and attributes differences in correlations to causal effects. Some of the major areas of criticism have to do with: (a) lack of a no-cause baseline, (b) spurious effects of mediating variables, and (c) obscuring effects of heterogeneous stabilities. The present author attempts to show that while these criticisms are valid, CLC should not be rejected outright as a tool in social science research. CLC has some utility as an exploratory technique. Furthermore, if certain assumptions are specified and these assumptions are correct, valid inferences can be made from CLC. Lastly, some assumptions for CLC are not as stringent as implied by critics and CLC is robust to minor violations of assumptions.
THE NEW APTITUDES AND ADAPTIVE EDUCATION

[Ed. Note: Challenging anthropologists to respond to the problems of an evolving educational approach to individual and group differences, Professor Glaser originally planned to give this paper in the symposium on "Reference Groups for Researchers in Anthropology andEducation" at the 1972 AAA meetings. Unable to get to Toronto then, he has allowed us to add this paper to those published from that symposium in the previous Newsletter. Robert Glaser is Director of the Learning Research and Development Center at the University of Pittsburgh, a past President of the American Educational Research Association, and a well-known educational psychologist. ]
New algorithm for near-infrared diffuse photon imaging in human tissues

A new nonperturbative method for studying diffuse photon imaging using frequency domain continous (CW) near-infrared (NIR) light source is developed. In solving the forward problem, this new method is in principle more accurate than the simple perturbation theory. Based on this method, a new image reconstruction algorithm is developed for the inverse problem. A test of this new imaging algorithm is provided by reconstructing images of cylindrical inclusions in uniform turbid media of cross-sectional sizes comparable to realistic human brains and breasts. Preliminary images obtained represent quite well the dimensions of the actual cylindrical object cross sections, with a spatial resolution of around 0.5 cm.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Gougerotin—an inhibitor of protein synthesis and auxin-induced elongation in plants

Abstract Gougerotin, an aminoacyl nucleoside antibacterial substance, has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of auxin-induced elongation and protein synthesis in Avena coleoptiles.
E-cadherin N-glycosylation Modulates the Strength of Adherens Junctions

Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells throughout the body, claims 90% of solid tumor deaths. During metastasis, cancer cells undergo discohesion. An understanding of how to control and strengthen cell adhesion through junction formation could lead to methods for decreasing metastatic tendencies.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Libman-Sacks endocarditis mimicking intracardiac tumor.

Abstract Libman-Sacks endocarditis is frequently found during autopsy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). The lesions are usually small and clinically silent. We describe a young patient, admitted with a stroke, in whom 2-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a large mass attached to the mitral chordae. This proved to be a Libman-Sacks vegetation. The unique features of this case are discussed in this report.
Improving Translation Lexicon Induction from Monolingual Corpora via Dependency Contexts and Part-of-Speech Equivalences

This paper presents novel improvements to the induction of translation lexicons from monolingual corpora using multilingual dependency parses. We introduce a dependency-based context model that incorporates long-range dependencies, variable context sizes, and reordering. It provides a 16% relative improvement over the baseline approach that uses a fixed context window of adjacent words. Its Top 10 accuracy for noun translation is higher than that of a statistical translation model trained on a Spanish-English parallel corpus containing 100,000 sentence pairs. We generalize the evaluation to other word-types, and show that the performance can be increased to 18% relative by preserving part-of-speech equivalencies during translation.