cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are Women Legislators Less Effective? Evidence from the U.S. House in the 103rd-105th Congress

We compare the ability of female and male members of the House of Representatives to turn policy preferences into law—something we label “legislative effectiveness.” The existing literature on women in American legislatures is opaque, with some scholars suggesting women are less effective than their male colleagues and others arguing they are just as effective. Utilizing data from the 103rd-105th Congresses—specifically, data on bill and amendment sponsorship and Stein and Bickers’ data on the distribution of federal domestic spending—we argue women House members are not demonstrably less effective than their male counterparts. Legislative effectiveness is the product of seniority, preferences, and membership in important House institutions.
Changes in the nuclear pore complexes of the dentate granule cells in aged rats

In 3-, 9-, 24-, and 30-month-old male rats (Fischer 344), the nuclear perimeter and the density and diameter of nuclear pore complexes in the granule cells of the dentate fascia were studied. Whereas the nuclear perimeter and the diameter of nuclear pore complexes did not change as a function of age, there was a significant loss of them at 24 months (20%), compared with the third month. This change suggests that the nucleocytoplasmic communication may be impaired with age which would adversely affect protein synthesis, and could explain the loss of the postsynaptic sites of the dentate fascia of aged rats.
Activity of human trypanosome lytic factor in mice

The inability of the cattle pathogen Trypanosoma brucei brucei to infect humans is due to an innate factor in human serum termed Trypanosome Lytic Factor (TLF). Human haptoglobin-related protein is the proposed toxin in TLF and can exist either as a component of a minor subclass of high-density lipoprotein (TLF-1) or as a lipid free, high molecular weight protein complex (TLF-2). The trypanolytic activity of both TLF-1 and TLF-2 has been studied in vitro but their relative contributions to protection against T. b. brucei infection in vivo has not been established. In the present studies we show that treatment of T. b. brucei infected mice with TLF-1 resulted in a dose dependent decrease in parasite numbers but did not affect parasite numbers in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, the causative agent of the human sleeping sickness. Similarly, pretreatment of mice with TLF-1 resulted in protection against a challenge by T. b. brucei but had no effect on T. b. rhodesiense challenge. Induction of the acute phase protein haptoglobin, a natural antagonist of TLF-1, diminished but did not abolish the protection against trypanosome challenge. In addition, haptoglobin knockout mice showed higher levels of TLF-1 mediated protection against a T. b. brucei challenge. These results suggest that while TLF-1 is active in vivo, even in the presence of elevated levels of haptoglobin, its activity is modulated in a dose dependent fashion by haptoglobin in the circulation.
Ultraviolet Stellar Spectroscopy on Gemini 11

Objective-prism and objective-grating spectrograms were obtained in six star fields during the Gemini 11 mission. The grating spectra show absorption lines in the 2000 to 3000 angstrom wavelength region of Canopus and Sirius and provide ultraviolet-energy distribution data for approximately 50 stars. Many prism spectra show the Balmer discontinuity due to hydrogen and two absorption features probably due to ultraviolet iron multiplets.
The Contribution of Health Anxiety to Retrospectively-Recalled Emergency Department Visits within a Sample of Patients in Residential Substance Abuse Treatment

With the burden of emergency department (ED) use increasing, research examining the factors associated with ED visits among individuals who use the ED most frequently is needed. Given that substance use is strongly linked to ED visits, this study sought to examine the factors associated with greater ED visits among patients with substance use disorders (SUD). More precisely, we examined whether health anxiety incrementally contributes to the prediction of ED visits for medical care among adult patients (N = 118) in a residential substance abuse disorder treatment facility. As predicted, health anxiety was significantly positively correlated with ED visits during the past year. Furthermore, health anxiety remained a significant predictor of ED visits after accounting for sociodemographic variables, frequency of substance use, and physical health status. These results suggest that health anxiety may contribute to increased ED visits for medical care among individuals with SUD.
A Mechanistic, Minimal Model of Ca2+/Calmodulin Dependent Kinase II Signaling in the Cardiac Myocyte

Numerous experiments have shown that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) expression level and activity are increased in human cardiac myocytes from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The role of CaMKII in heart failure remains unclear, in part because of an incomplete understanding of how the kinase helps regulate the normal cardiac environment. CaMKII modulates the behavior of many proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling, including L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs), phospholamban (PLB) and Na+ channels. In order to understand the combined effects of CaMKII's modulation of these targets, a stochastic model was built to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind ICaL facilitation. Simulations show that a CaMKII-driven shift in LCC modal gating distribution from mode 1 to mode 2 is sufficient to account for experimentally observed increases in ICaL amplitude, changes in ICaL inactivation kinetics, and alterations in recovery from inactivation. This CaMKII-LCC model was then minimized, reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations, and incorporated into an integrative model of the cardiac myocyte that accounts for graded calcium release. The effects of CaMKII phosphorylation of PLB and Na+ channels were also modeled, based on data from CaMKII-PLB kinase assays and in vitro experiments as well as CaMKII-Na channel patch clamp studies performed in healthy myocytes. Preliminary simulation results show that at high CaMKII levels, hyperphosphorylation of LCCs results in spontaneous early after depolarizations. In addition, increased CaMKII levels result in prolonged action potential duration, primarily because of increased persistent INa. The model therefore serves as an important tool to identify and study the mechanisms by which CaMKII activity modifies action potential shape and duration. This work is supported by National Institute of Health Grant R33HL87345.
Detwinning mechanisms for growth twins in face-centered cubic metals

Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we studied the stability of growth twins. We observed the rapid migration of incoherent twin boundaries (ITBs), indicating that nanotwins are unstable. Topological analysis and atomistic simulations are adopted to explore detwinning mechanisms. The results show that: (i) the detwinning process is accomplished via the collective glide of multiple twinning dislocations that form an ITB; (ii) detwinning can easily occur for thin twins, and the driving force is mainly attributed to a variation of the excess energy of a coherent twin boundary; (iii) shear stresses enable ITBs to migrate easily, causing the motion of coherent twin boundaries; and (iv) the migration velocity depends on stacking fault energy. The results imply that detwinning becomes the dominant deformation mechanism for growth twins of the order of a few nanometers thick.
Reorientation and stress relaxation due to twinning: Modeling and experimental characterization for Mg

A study of the mechanical response of Mg AZ31 when deformed under twinning dominated conditions is presented. In addition to the well-known rapid texture variation, neutron diffraction measurements reveal a ‘sense-reversal’ of the internal stress in the twinned grains. The latter is characterized experimentally and an elasto-plastic polycrystal model is extended in order to account for twin domain reorientation and associated stress relaxation. It is concluded that the texture variation due to twinning is sufficient to explain the observed macroscopic stress–strain response. However, the evolution of internal stresses in diffracting subsets of grains is complex and more challenging to explain. It seems to be strongly controlled by the order in which slip and twinning are activated, the stress relaxation associated with twin propagation, and neighbor constraint effects.
Measurement of Mercury Vapor Pressure by Means of the Knudsen Pressure Gauge

Vapor Pressure of Mercury, 0 to 35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} C.---The disagreement among the results obtained by previous observers for this range of temperature suggested the need for a direct determination of the vapor pressures with a Knudsen gauge. Impurities were eliminated by numerous distillations in a system cut off from the pump by a liquid air trap, and the slight amount of residual gas was corrected for. The readings obtained at 19 temperatures lie near a smooth curve which, it is believed, gives the vapor pressures to within 3 per cent. The values for 0, 10, 20, and 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} C. are, respectively,.000350,.000775,.00182 and.00407 mm. of Hg, considerably higher than those obtained by Knudsen in 1909, but agreeing fairly well with Morley's results up to 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and at higher temperatures with values extrapolated from the results of Ramsey and Young.
Predicting production performance of CBM reservoirs

Abstract Prediction of gas production from the coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs is challenging due to the complex interaction of storage and transport mechanisms. The vast majority of the gas in CBM reservoirs is stored by adsorption in the coal matrix which practically has no permeability. The flow to production wells however takes place through the cleats or the natural fracture system which store relatively small amounts of gas. These unique coal characteristics have resulted in classification of CBM as an “unconventional” gas resource. Gas production from CBM reservoirs is governed by gas diffusion through coal matrix followed by gas desorption into the cleat system through which the gas flows to the wellbore generally under two-phase conditions. As a result, the production profile of the CBM reservoirs greatly differs from conventional gas reservoirs. This precludes the use of common techniques such as decline curves to forecast the recovery, future revenues, and well performance. Numerical reservoir models (simulators) that incorporate the unique flow and storage characteristics of CBM reservoirs are by far the best tools for predicting the gas production from the CBM reservoirs. It is however cumbersome, time consuming, and expensive to use a complex reservoir simulator for evaluating CBM prospects when the required reservoir parameters are not available. Therefore, there is a need for a quick yet reliable tool for predicting production performance of CBM reservoirs. This paper presents a set of production type curves that can be used for predicting gas and water the production from CBM prospects. The type curves are particularly useful for parametric studies when the key characteristics are not well established. A numerical reservoir model that incorporated the unique flow and storage characteristics of CBM reservoirs was employed to develop the type curves. The impact of various reservoir parameters on the type curves was investigated to confirm the uniqueness of the type curves. The application and limitation of the type curves have been also discussed.
CYTOLOGY OF PLANTS FROM SELF. AND OPEN-POLLINATION OF PHLEUM PRATENSE

NATH, J., and E. L. NIELSEN. (U. Wisconsin, Madison.) Cytology of plants from selfand openpollination of Phleum pratense. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(9): 772-777. Illus. 1961.-Conventional cytological disturbances and -several anomalous behaviors such as heavy-walled coenocytes, uncoiled chromosomes, supernumerary chromosomes, production of cross-bridges at second division, and the occurrence of globular structures in the microsporocytes were associated with sterility in timothy. These anoimialies have not been described previously as contributory to reduced seed
Acetylphosphinate is the most potent mechanism-based substrate-like inhibitor of both the human and Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

Two analogues of pyruvate, acetylphosphinate and acetylmethylphosphinate were tested as inhibitors of the E1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) component of the human and Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes. This is the first instance of such studies on the human enzyme. The acetylphosphinate is a stronger inhibitor of both enzymes (Ki< 1 μM) than acetylmethylphosphinate. Both inhibitors are found to be reversible tight-binding inhibitors. With both inhibitors and with both enzymes, the inhibition apparently takes place by formation of a C2α-phosphinolactylthiamin diphosphate derivative, a covalent adduct of the inhibitor and the coenzyme, mimicking the behavior of substrate and forming a stable analogue of the C2α-lactylthiamin diphosphate. Formation of the intermediate analogue in each case is confirmed by the appearance of a positive circular dichroism signal in the 305-306 nm range, attributed to the 1',4'-iminopyrimidine tautomeric form of the coenzyme. It is further shown that the αHis63 residue of the human E1 has a role in the formation of C2α-lactylthiamin diphosphate since the αHis63Ala variant is only modestly inhibited by either inhibitor, nor did either compound generate the circular dichroism bands assigned to different tautomeric forms of the 4'-aminopyrimidine ring of the coenzyme seen with the wild type enzyme. Interestingly, opposite enantiomers of the carboligase side product acetoin are produced by the human and bacterial enzymes.
Impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilation in heart failure: Clinical evidence and the potential for therapy*

Numerous studies in the last decade have clearly shown an attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with chronic heart failure. This abnormality has been demonstrated in the peripheral, pulmonary, and coronary circulation in patients with both ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy; its magnitude correlates with the severity of symptoms. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with cardiomyopathy and a relatively new onset of symptoms suggests that change in endothelial function occurs early in the course of the disease. In contrast to other circulatory beds, renal circulation has shown significant vasodilatory response to endothelial stimulation. The development of endothelial dysfunction may not be homogenous, and its magnitude may differ among circulatory systems. Although the clinical implications of the attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in heart failure are not clear, this condition may lead to decreased organ perfusion, impaired exercise tolerance, and progression of disease. Many therapeutic interventions have resulted in improvement of endothelial function in patients with heart failure. Some of these interventions have also proven effective in enhancing exercise capacity, symptoms, and survival in patients with heart failure. This association suggests a therapeutic role for improvement of endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure. The role of the endothelium in the control of vascular function and structure has been established in the last 2 decades. 1 Endothelial cells exert an important vasoregulatory effect through the release of several relaxing substances, including nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, atrial natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin, and endotheliumderived hyperpolarizing relaxing factor. 2 At the same time, the endothelium is also capable of producing vasoconstrictor prostanoids. 3,4 In normal endothelium, va
Application of the Feature Selective Validation Method to radio path loss measurements

This paper describes the application of the FSV to measured propagation data. A mobile-to-mobile measurements program is currently being conducted by our colleagues at the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences under the sponsorship of the Office of Spectrum Measurement. Two different measurement systems are being used to collect mobile-to-mobile data in a number of selected outdoor environments. One system uses a wideband time-domain channel sounder that uses pseudo-random noise sequences to generate channel impulse responses. The other system transmits a narrowband CW signal, and it is received by a spectrum analyzer. This paper explores the possibility of using FSV to quantify how well data obtained from these measurement systems compare.
Course Assessment Using Multi-Stage Pre/Post Testing and the Components of Normalized Change.

A multi-stage pre/post testing scheme is developed to gauge course effectiveness using gain and loss components of normalized change. The components, unlike normalized change itself, can be used to distinguish courses that promote acquisition as well as retention of information from courses that promote acquisition at the expense of retention or retention at the expense of acquisition. The technique is employed to study the effectiveness of a course in differential calculus taught using the studio method, a form of interactive engagement.
The Battelle Memorial Institute's Human Affairs Research Centers

The Battelle Memorial Institute, which began operations in 1929 at its corporate site in Columbus, Ohio, is the largest multinational, public purpose, not-for-profit research organization in the world. Its 7,500 natural scientists, engineers, social scientists, and support personnel are engaged in a broad range of research which embraces the physical, life, and social/behavioral sciences. Battelle operates major research centers in Columbus, Ohio; Frankfurt, Germany; Geneva, Switzerland; and Richland and Seattle, Washington. Battelle's research volume in 1980 was $811 million, which included projects in 75 countries throughout the world. A major objective of Battelle is to benefit mankind by the advancement and utilization of science through technological innovation and educational activities and dissemination of knowledge through publications. Until the late 1960s, Battelle was known primarily for its research in the physical and life sciences (including the basic research and development of xerography in the mid-1940s). In 1971 the Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers (HARC) was created to do basic and applied research in the social and behavioral sciences. HARC is a multidisciplinary social science organization that conducts research and educational activities directed toward the solution of significant societal problems. Its staff of over 1 50, which is located in Seattle and Washington, D.C. and includes political scientists, policy analysts, sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, international affairs and defense specialists, urban planners, and statisticians, is one of the largest non-academic groups of social scientists in the United States.
Toward a Psychology of Improving Justice: Research on Extending the Equality Principle to Victims of Social Injustice

Data from two quasi-experimental and two experimental studies of cooperative, equal-status, interracial contact are presented. The results show increases in favorable beliefs about and liking for Blacks by formerly prejudiced Whites. Such changes are accompanied by greater readiness to extend equality of social benefits (e.g., unsegregated housing, education, and employment) to Black persons. This illustrates one approach to the goal of extending the scope of social justice to subordinate groups from whom it is often withheld. Research relevant to other approaches to the goal is also discussed. The cumulative evidence represents a beginning step in formulating a psychology of improving justice.
The scope of antibody catalysis

New strategies for hapten design have led to antibodies that catalyze reactions by increasingly complex mechanisms and with large increases in catalytic rate. Rational design has also been used to elicit catalytic antibodies for difficult chemical transformations as well as reactions for which no enzyme is known. These experiments have demonstrated the chemical potential of large combinatorial libraries that have been given appropriate mechanistic instruction.
A multifaceted view of distributed generation systems and their impacts

The term Distributed Generation (DG) encompasses a wide range of electric power generation sources — from a residential rooftop photovoltaic resource to a large wind farm. Hence, the impact of DG varies significantly depending on the context with its neighboring utility. In parts of the world lacking major infrastructure, the impact of DG takes on major proportions. They create oases of power fueling economic growth, improving quality of life, and enabling basic needs that most of us take for granted. In other cases DG impact is not as dramatic, as they may be seamlessly integrated into the local utility making their presence somewhat stealthy, although their absence could be highly noticeable. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness on the diversity of issues associated with DG applications. To that end, several DG installations are reviewed here within.
Finding Homeless Youth Patterns Based on Geographical Area and Number of Homeless Episodes

A census of homeless youth was conducted in locations across Los Angeles County, California. Building on previous research that has focused on homeless youth in cruise areas, the authors examined d...
Pemphigus foliaceus: A case with serologic features of Senear-Usher syndrome and other autoimmune abnormalities

The two variants of superficial pemphigus, pemphigus erythematosus (Senear-Usher syndrome) and pemphigus foliaceus, share common histopathologic and indirect immunofluorescence findings. They differ in that pemphigus erythematosus is limited in distribution and usually has concomitant basement membrane zone deposition of immunoglobulin and complement in lesional skin in addition to intercellular space staining in the epidermis, whereas pemphigus foliaceus is a generalized process that reputedly lacks basement membrane zone staining. A 49-year-old man with an array of immunologic abnormalities, including pernicious anemia and Sjogren's syndrome consistent with broad immunologic dysfunction, developed generalized superficial pemphigus (pemphigus foliaceus) with concomitant basement membrane zone immunoreactant deposition. The demonstration of basement zone immunofluorescent staining lends additional support to the basic viewpoint that pemphigus erythematosus and pemphigus foliaceus are variable phenotypic expressions of the same basic disease process.
Purification, characterization, and action-pattern studies on the endo-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucanase from Rhizopus arrhizus QM 1032

The extracellular (1 linked to 3)-beta-D-glucanase [(1 linked to 3)-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.6] produced by Rhizopus arrhizus QU 1032 was purified 305-fold in 70% overall yield. This preparation was found to be homogeneous by ultracentrifugation (sedimentation velocity and equilibrium studies), electrophoresis on acrylamide gel with normal, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and urea-acetic acid gels, and upon isoelectric focusing. The amino acid composition of the enzyme has been determined and it possesses a carbohydrate moiety compose of mannose and galactose (in the ratio approximately 5:1) that is linked to the protein through a 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose residue. The molecular weight, as determined by equilibrium sedimentation, is 28,800 and this number was confirmed by electrophoresis on gels of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme does not possess subunit structure. It hydrolyzes its substrates with retention of configuration and possesses transglycosylating ability. The rates of hydrolysis of a wide variety of substrates were determined, and its action pattern on a series of oligosaccharides containing mixed (1 linked to 3)-, (1 linked to 4)-, and (1 linked to 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues was investigated. The enzyme favors stretches of beta-D-(1 linked to 3) linkages, but it can hydrolyze beta-D-(1 linked to 4) linkages that are flanked on the non-reducing side with stretches of beta-D-(1 linked to 3) links. The enzyme will not act on (1 linked to 6)-beta-D-glucosyl linkages located in stretches of beta-D-(1 linked to 3) and will not act on (1 linked to 3) beta-D-glycosidic linkages involving sugars other than D-glucose.
Factors affecting Li mobility in spinel LiMn2O4—A first-principles study by GGA and GGA+U methods

The structural changes and voltages of LiMn2O4 spinel as a function of lithium content were investigated with density functional theory (DFT) in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and in the GGA with Hubbard U correction (GGA+U). The GGA+U approximation can distinguish the charge separation between Mn3+ and Mn4+, which GGA fails to capture. Therefore with this method the effects of local environments on Li diffusion activation energy barriers in the Li-rich phase could be systematically investigated. Our results showed that the different valences states of Mn ions and their arrangement surrounding the lithium ions have a profound effect on the activation barrier of lithium diffusion in the spinel structure.
Evaluation of an LES-Based Wind Profiler Simulator for Observations of a Daytime Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer

Abstract The daytime atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) is characterized by strong turbulence that is primarily caused by buoyancy forced from the heated underlying surface. The present study considers a combination of a virtual radar and large eddy simulation (LES) techniques to characterize the CBL. Data representative of a daytime CBL with wind shear were generated by LES and used in the virtual boundary layer radar (BLR) with both vertical and multiple off-vertical beams and frequencies. To evaluate the virtual radar, a multiple radar experiment (MRE) was conducted using five virtual radars with common resolution volumes at two different altitudes. Three-dimensional wind fields were retrieved from the virtual radar data and compared with the LES output. It is shown that data produced from the virtual BLR are representative of what one expects to retrieve using a real BLR and the measured wind fields match those of the LES. Additionally, results from a frequency domain interferometry (FDI) com...
Exploiting Process Variation and Noise in Comparators to Calibrate Interstage Gain Nonlinearity in Pipelined ADCs

This paper presents a digital background calibration technique that intentionally exploits process variation and noise in comparators to correct conversion errors caused by interstage gain error, gain nonlinearity, and capacitor mismatch in pipelined ADCs. The merits of this technique lies in its design simplicity, fast convergence speed, and low power. Simulation results are presented for a 12-bit pipelined ADC, similar to that described by Murmann and Boser [28], and Keane et al., [29] using low-gain amplifiers. With calibration, the SNDR and SFDR are improved from 47 and 49 dB to 72 and 92 dB, respectively. The number of conversions required for convergence is 106, which is about 4 times faster than that of Keane et al. and 40 times faster than that of Murmann and Boser.
The Motor Core of Speech: A Comparison of Serial Organization Patterns in Infants and Languages

Comparison of serial organization of infant babbling and early speech with that of 10 languages reveals four movement-related design features reflecting a deep evolutionary heritage: (1) the cyclical consonant-vowel alternation underlying the syllable, a "Frame" for speech consisting of mandibular oscillation, possibly evolving from ingestive cyclicities (e.g., chewing) via visuofacial communicative cyclicities (e.g., lipsmacks); (2) three intracyclical consonant-vowel co-occurrence preferences reflecting basic biomechanical constraints-coronal consonants-front vowels, dorsal consonants-back vowels, and labial consonants-central vowels; (3) a developmental progression from above-chance to below-chance levels of intercyclical consonant repetition; (4) an ease-related labial consonant-vowel-coronal consonant sequence preference for word initiation. These design features presumably result from self-organizational responses to selection pressures, primarily determined by motor factors. No explanation for these design features is available from Universal Grammar, and, except for feature 3, perceptual-motor learning seems to have only a limited causal role in acquisition of any design feature.
High density focal plane signal processing using 3-D vertical interconnects

A four by four array of GaAs P-i-N photodetectors was integrated onto a metalized silicon substrate and directly on top of an array of silicon circuits. The resultant focal plane processor at each location in the array converts the incident light intensity to a logarithmically encoded frequency signal.
All-digital-ADC TAD in sensor digitization for scaling over wide temperature ranges

To achieve a highly-durable sensor ASIC/SoC with distinctive scalability for IoT (Internet-of-Things)-applications, an all-digital sensor ADC using TAD (Time A/D converter) in bulk CMOS is presented. Generally, sensors in automotive subsystems have to work under various stringent conditions (i.e., high ambient temperature). Therefore, to realize wide-range temperature durability, sensor ADC circuits should be fully-digital, including a ring-delay-line (RDL) driven by an input voltage Vin for its power supply, along with an RDL frequency counter, latch and encoder. In the present study, first, an ADC core is implemented with 0.26 mm2 in a low-cost 0.35-μm digital CMOS with a voltage resolution of 10.9 mV/LSB (6.5bit, 40MS/s) in a wide temperature range between −40 and 125°C. Next, using a lower-cost 1.5-μm digital CMOS, a digital-type rotation-rate sensor with TAD has been developed over a wide temperature range between −40 and 150°C. Furthermore, other practical automotive sensors with TAD are introduced. Finally, thanks to the all-digital architecture, TAD is definitely suitable for scaling and porting to another silicon technology with minimal IC design term and cost. As scaling/porting results, using prototype ICs in 0.18/0.65-μm digital CMOS, we have experimentally confirmed their stable operation between −40 and 125°C with smaller/larger areas (0.044/0.29mm2) and higher/lower resolutions [(0.15mV/LSB)/(1.0mV/LSB) at 1MS/s,] respectively.
What is a Group Ring

(1976). What is a Group Ring? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 173-185.
High-titer foamy virus vector transduction and integration sites of human CD34+ cell–derived SCID-repopulating cells

Foamy virus (FV) vectors are promising tools for gene therapy, but low titer is a major challenge for large-scale clinical trials. Here, we increased FV vector titer 50-fold by constructing novel vector plasmids and using polyethylenimine-mediated transfection. FV and lentiviral (LV) vectors were used separately to transduce human CD34 + cells at multiplicities of infection of 25, and those cells were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. FV vector transduction frequencies of repopulating human cells were 37.1 ± 1.9% in unstimulated cells and 36.9 ± 2.2% in prestimulated cells, and engraftment frequencies were 40.9 ± 4.9% in unstimulated cells and 47.1 ± 3.3% in prestimulated cells. Engraftment frequencies of FV vector-transduced cells were significantly higher than those of LV vector-transduced cells. Linear amplification-mediated PCR with Illumina paired-end runs showed that all human chromosomes contained FV provirus. FV had an integration preference near transcriptional start sites and CpG islands of RefSeq genes but not within genes. Repopulating lymphoid and myeloid cells contained common integration sites, suggesting that FV vector could transduce multilineage hematopoietic stem/progenitor populations. Our new FV vector backbone may be a suitable candidate for developing therapeutic FV vectors for use in clinical trials.
On the Different Usage between「～と会う」and「～に会う」

In the process of learning and using Japanese, it's rather difficult for people to understand and master the nominative case and objective case. People usually analyze their grammatical functions from the cases of themselves. The nominative case expresses mutual subjects of the action while the object case shows the bearer of the action; and furthermore,what expresses is mutual action of both sides while what shows is one sided, one side is the subject of the action, the other side is the bearer of the action.
Larval food quantity affects the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit human malaria

Adult traits of holometabolous insects are shaped by conditions experienced during larval development, which might impact interactions between adult insect hosts and parasites. However, the ecology of larval insects that vector disease remains poorly understood. Here, we used Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, to investigate whether larval conditions affect the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit malaria. We reared larvae in two groups; one group received a standard laboratory rearing diet, whereas the other received a reduced diet. Emerging adult females were then provided an infectious blood meal. We assessed mosquito longevity, parasite development rate and prevalence of infectious mosquitoes over time. Reduced larval food led to increased adult mortality and caused a delay in parasite development and a slowing in the rate at which parasites invaded the mosquito salivary glands, extending the time it took for mosquitoes to become infectious. Together, these effects increased transmission potential of mosquitoes in the high food regime by 260-330%. Such effects have not, to our knowledge, been shown previously for human malaria and highlight the importance of improving knowledge of larval ecology to better understand vector-borne disease transmission dynamics.
Decrease in Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol and Toluene to Growth of Selected Microbial Consortia and Activated Sludge by Pretreatment with Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium can degrade toxic compounds under specific nutrient conditions. This attribute was utilized in order to determine the effect of fungal pretreatment on model compounds pentachlorophenol and toluene. The fungal culture was purchased from ATCC, cultured on dextrose agar, and the mycelia harvested to degrade the model compounds. P. chrysosporium was able to degrade up to 74% of initial pentachlorophenol concentration in eight days and up to 31% initial toluene in 31 hours. Specific growth rates of activated sludge and selected microbial consortia were determined on untreated and fungal-pretreated parent model compounds. Specific growth rates for activated sludge and selected microbial consortia were enhanced by fungal pretreatment of both model compounds. Specific growth rates indicated more efficient use of toluene by activated sludge than by toluene-selected microbial consortia, while pentachlorophenol- selected microbial consortia exhibited more favorable growth rates on pentachlorophenol than did activated sludge. Pretreatment results indicated that the toxicity of model compounds was reduced by fungal pretreatment. The growth rates were compared and used as an indication of toxicity reduction which can be exploited at contaminated waste sites or at industrial pretreatment facilities.
“Beatlepeople”: Gramsci, the Beatles, and Rolling Stone Magazine

Abstract This research, focusing upon Rolling Stone s “underground” period (1967 through 1970), looks at founder Jann Wenner's use of the Beatles in promoting the counterculture ideal and promoting the success of his magazine, thereby helping to create a genre of magazine—one devoted to popular culture and attached subcultures—for which Rolling Stone remains an oft-copied but rarely eclipsed exemplar. Rolling Stone's early success is owed in no small measure to Wenner's editorial control and to the centrality of the Beatles to Wenner's counterculture ideal. The use by Wenner of the Beatles helped to ensure the success of Rolling Stone because, as Wenner was well aware, there were millions of “Beatlepeople” already in place—a welcoming audience for his struggling publication.
Yankee Bishops: Apostles in the New Republic, 1783 to 1873. By Charles R. Henery. (New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2015. Pp. xxiv, 351. $93.95.)

“Yankee Bishops,” as Church of England bishops sometimes referred to their Episcopal counterparts in the United States in the century after the American Revolution, had to invent themselves after t...
Interfang Distances of Rattlesnakes: Sexual, Interspecific, and Body Size-related Variation, and Implications for Snakebite Research and Management

Objectives Snakebite severity corresponds to size of snake because the amount of venom a snake injects is positively associated with snake size. Because fang marks are often present on snakebite patients, we tested whether the relationship between snake length and distance between fang puncture wounds can be generalized for rattlesnakes of genus Crotalus. Methods We measured 2 interfang distances from 79 rattlesnakes of both sexes, 5 species, and varying body length: 1) distance between fang bases in anesthetized snakes, and 2) distance between fang punctures in a membrane-covered beaker bitten defensively. Results Statistical analyses supported our 2 hypotheses, that 1) body size-related fang divergence during fang protraction (ie, anterolateral movement during fang erection), and 2) the relationship between snake length and interfang distance are similar between the sexes and among different rattlesnake species. We therefore derived a general equation to estimate snake length based on distance between fang marks, and recommended 5 snake size categories: very small ( 25 mm). Conclusions The distance between fang marks on a snakebite patient may be used to estimate the size or size category of the offending snake, which in some cases may have predictive value for overall clinical severity of a given envenomation. Assessing interfang distance from puncture wounds can improve snakebite research and anticipation of snakebite severity.
Purposes of Civic Engagement

The political theory reflected in the strategic purposes of civic engagement the organizations undertake is examined; specifically, the organizational vision, mission, and goals that drive the organizations’ operations day-to-day, including the events and activities the organizations perform to recruit people to participate. The purposes reflect a commitment to building community or forge connections with the world outside Cuban Miami.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for evaporating multiphase flows

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method has been increasingly used for simulating fluid flows; however, its ability to simulate evaporating flow requires significant improvements. This paper proposes an SPH method for evaporating multiphase flows. The present SPH method can simulate the heat and mass transfers across the liquid-gas interfaces. The conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy were reformulated based on SPH, then were used to govern the fluid flow and heat transfer in both the liquid and gas phases. The continuity equation of the vapor species was employed to simulate the vapor mass fraction in the gas phase. The vapor mass fraction at the interface was predicted by the Clausius-Clapeyron correlation. An evaporation rate was derived to predict the mass transfer from the liquid phase to the gas phase at the interface. Because of the mass transfer across the liquid-gas interface, the mass of an SPH particle was allowed to change. Alternative particle splitting and merging techniques were developed to avoid large mass difference between SPH particles of the same phase. The proposed method was tested by simulating three problems, including the Stefan problem, evaporation of a static drop, and evaporation of a drop impacting a hot surface. For the Stefan problem, the SPH results of the evaporation rate at the interface agreed well with the analytical solution. For drop evaporation, the SPH result was compared with the result predicted by a level-set method from the literature. In the case of drop impact on a hot surface, the evolution of the shape of the drop, temperature, and vapor mass fraction were predicted.
Mutation in human populations.

Spontaneous mutation in man was reviewed in this series almost a decade ago (Vogel and Rathenberg, 1975). These authors remarked that mutation rates in general, and human rates in particular, had not been the subject of the extensive, systematic study that might be expected from the importance of the subject. That statement is still true. As mentioned by Vogel and Rathenberg, estimates of human mutation rates depend on large epidemiologic studies of a type that were more popular in the 1940s and 1950s than since. As a result, the values given in still earlier reviews (Penrose, 1961; Crow, 1961) do not differ importantly from those of more recent reviews, including the present one.
IVC Measurements in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Renal Failure

Objective. To determine whether the inferior vena cava (IVC) measurement by bedside ultrasound (US-IVC) predicts improvement in renal function in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Medical intensive care unit. Patients. 33 patients with AKI were included. Intervention. US-IVC was done on admission. The patients’ management was done by the primary teams, who were unaware of the US-IVC findings. Two groups of patients were identified. Group 1 included patients who were managed in concordance with their US-IVC (potential volume responders who had a positive fluid balance at 48 h after admission and potential volume nonresponders who had an even or negative fluid balance at 48 hours after admission). Group 2 included patients in whom the fluid management was discordant with their US-IVC. Measurements and Main Results. At 48 hours, Group 1 patients had a greater improvement in creatinine [85% versus 31%, ], creatinine clearance (% versus %, ), and urine output ( versus ml/Kg/h, ). Conclusion. In critically ill patients with AKI, concurrence of fluid therapy with IVC predicted fluid management, as assessed by bedside ultrasound, was associated with improved renal function at 48 hours. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02064244.
FRI0332 Differences between temporal artery biopsy-positive and biopsy-negative giant cell arteritis: a comparative cohort study

Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common systemic vasculitis in patients aged 50 years or older. The presence of cranial features and an abnormal temporal artery biopsy have historically been the primary focus for diagnosis of this condition. A notable percentage of patients with symptoms of GCA have negative temporal artery biopsies, however, few cohort studies exist comparing the presentation and outcome of patients based on temporal artery positivity. Objectives To establish a large, single institution cohort of patients with temporal artery biopsy-negative GCA. To identify differences in presentation and outcome among patients with temporal artery biopsy-negative and temporal artery biopsy-positive GCA. Methods Patients with temporal artery biopsy-negative GCA diagnosed between 1/1/1998 and 12/31/2013 were identified retrospectively. Final diagnosis was confirmed by consensus among two rheumatologists and a physician abstractor. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared to a previously established biopsy-positive GCA cohort (n=286) from the same institution. Results 110 patients with temporal artery biopsy-negative GCA were identified. Unilateral biopsies were performed in 73, bilateral-sequential in 10, and bilateral same day in 27 cases. Median duration between steroid initiation and biopsy was 3 days. Median length of first biopsy was 14mm and second biopsy (if performed) was 22mm. Among biopsy-negative patients with advanced imaging within 6-months of diagnosis, 67% (41/61) had evidence of large vessel vasculitis. Patients with biopsy-negative GCA were younger (72.0±9.0 vs 75.0±7.6; p=0.001), met fewer ACR criteria (≥3 criteria 64% vs 95%; p Initial prednisone dose was similar among both cohorts. Although cumulative glucocorticoid (GC) was lower in biopsy-negative patients at 1 year (6.3±2.6 vs 7.2±2.7 g; p=0.004), cumulative GC doses at 2-years and 5-years were equivalent. Biopsy-positive patients (5-years, 56±3%) were able to discontinue GC sooner than biopsy-negative patients (5-years, 30±5%; p Conclusions While similarities are present, notable differences are observed at diagnosis in patients with biopsy-negative GCA. Further research is needed to confirm and understand the variability in GC duration. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Las leyes de aguas subterráneas en los Estados Unidos

Las leyes sobre aguas subterraneas en los Estados Unidos intentan perseguir ciertas politicas fundamentales. Estas politicas responden a tres desafios
From Myths to Norms: Demystifying Data Mining Models with Instance-Based Transparency

The desire of moving from data to intelligence has become a trend that pushes the world we live in today fast forward. Machine learning and data mining techniques are being used as important tools to unlock the wealth of voluminous amounts of data owned by organizations. Despite the existing effort of explaining their underlying machinery in layman's terms, data mining models and their output remain as esoteric, discipline-based black boxes-viable only to experts with years of training and development experiences. As data mining techniques gain growing popularity in the real world, the ability to understand their intelligent decision-making artifacts has become increasingly important and critical, especially in areas such as criminal justice and law enforcement where transparency of decision-making is vital for ensuring fairness, justice, and equality. In this paper, we present a transparency model to help unmask the incomprehensible reasoning many data mining techniques are deservedly taking the blame for. Our transparency model substitutes a comprehensible, rule-based counterpart for the complex, black-box output of any data mining technique using a novel rule selection technique. The rule-based substitute explains the decision made for each instance with a tiny set of rules, resulting in a significant reduction in model complexity. Besides model simplicity and comprehensibility, we also assess the quality of our rule set by measuring its similarity to the output of the original data mining algorithm. Furthermore, we compute its accuracy on unseen test data as a complementary assessment criteria. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our transparency model by experimenting on eight real datasets that deal with predicting important personal attributes ranging from credit worthiness to criminal recidivism. Our transparency model demonstrates a high degree of consistency with the original data mining algorithms in nearly all cases. We also compare our results to one of the state-of-the-art transparency models-LIME, and show that our transparency model outperforms LIME 84% of the time.
Biomass pretreatment using deep eutectic solvents from lignin derived phenols

In future biorefineries, the development of inexpensive and renewable reagents is highly desirable. In this work, we report a renewable and new class of deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesized from lignin-derived phenolic compounds. Novel DESs tested in this work showed their potential as solvents for biomass pretreatment in terms of lignin removal and sugar release after enzymatic saccharification. The recycling and reusability of DESs were also evaluated. The results from this study prove that DESs synthesized from renewable resources are promising solvents for future biorefineries.