cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power transmission gain measurements of integrated antenna pairs in indoor and outdoor environments [single chip transceiver applications]

Currently, a monolithically integrated true single chip radio with a working frequency of /spl sim/24 GHz, a data rate of 100 kbits/sec, and a range of 1-5 m, is being developed for implementation in a CMOS technology. This device uses on-chip antennas and a long dipole antenna is a logical choice for evaluation. This paper reports integrated antenna pair gains as a function of separation in several indoor and outdoor environments for communication over air at antenna heights above ground ranging between 4.5 cm to 85 cm.
Nesiritide use in end stage heart failure

in Australia and North America underwent CABG in the setting of ICM. All patients were referred for transplantation and had a documented left ventricular ejection fraction 35% on echocardiography or radionuclide ventriculography. Pre-operatively, stress thallium studies were performed to identify reversible ischemia and areas of myocardial scar. Follow up was carried out over the subsequent twelve years with repeat clinical, echocardiographic and radionuclide studies. In the case of missing Australian patients, the National Death Index was used to track deaths. Results: Follow up was 95% complete. The peri-operative mortality was 2%. Actual survival was 85.8% at two years, 56% at five years and 34.3% at ten years after surgery. Four patients required cardiac transplantation. Leading causes of death were heart failure in 22%, recurrent myocardial ischemia in 15%, cerebrovascular accidents in 6%, malignancy in 10%. Conclusions: Patients undergoing CABG for ICM, instead of transplantation have a low peri-operative mortality, and excellent short-term outcome. However, the long-term prognosis is guarded with a significant recurrence of cardiovascular events. Alternative surgical strategies in selected patients such as left ventricular reconstruction and implantable defibrillators may impact on survival.
Genome annotation past, present, and future: How to define an ORF at each locus

Driven by competition, automation, and technology, the genomics community has far exceeded its ambition to sequence the human genome by 2005. By analyzing mammalian genomes, we have shed light on the history of our DNA sequence, determined that alternatively spliced RNAs and retroposed pseudogenes are incredibly abundant, and glimpsed the apparently huge number of non-coding RNAs that play significant roles in gene regulation. Ultimately, genome science is likely to provide comprehensive catalogs of these elements. However, the methods we have been using for most of the last 10 years will not yield even one complete open reading frame (ORF) for every gene--the first plateau on the long climb toward a comprehensive catalog. These strategies--sequencing randomly selected cDNA clones, aligning protein sequences identified in other organisms, sequencing more genomes, and manual curation--will have to be supplemented by large-scale amplification and sequencing of specific predicted mRNAs. The steady improvements in gene prediction that have occurred over the last 10 years have increased the efficacy of this approach and decreased its cost. In this Perspective, I review the state of gene prediction roughly 10 years ago, summarize the progress that has been made since, argue that the primary ORF identification methods we have relied on so far are inadequate, and recommend a path toward completing the Catalog of Protein Coding Genes, Version 1.0.
Phase Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy: Analysis of Living Homoiothermic Vertebrate Cells

Abstract Atomic force microscope-based phase imaging in air is capable of elucidating variations in material properties such as adhesion, friction, and viscoelasticity. However, the interpretation of phase images of specimens in a fluid environment requires clarification. In this report, we systematically analyzed atomic force microscope-derived phase images of mica, glass, and collagen under the same conditions as used for living cells at various tapping forces; the resulting data provide critical information for the interpretation of phase images of living cells. The peripheral regions of COS-1 cells consistently show a more negative phase shift than the glass substrate in phase images at set-point amplitude: free amplitude (A sp /A 0 )=0.6–0.8. In addition, at all A sp /A 0 values suitable for phase imaging, tapping frequency appears to be high enough to ensure that phase shifts are governed primarily by stiffness. Consequently, phase imaging is capable of high resolution studies of the cellular surface by detecting localized variations in stiffness. We demonstrate that phase imaging of a bifurcating fiber in COS-1 cell cytoplasm is readily capable of a lateral resolution of ∼30nm.
Social Problem Solving and Community Integration in Postacute Rehabilitation Outpatients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective: To enhance understanding of the role that social problem solving (SPS) plays in communityintegration following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Study Design: Regression analysis. Participants:Forty-ﬁve adults with TBI participating in higher level outpatient cognitive rehabilitation and 15uninjured adults. Main Outcome Measures: Measures of community integration, problem-solvingability, and SPS self-appraisal and performance. Results: Individuals with TBI demonstrated poorerproblem-solving as measured by both neuropsychological and SPS methods; however, the largest effectsize was observed for SPS self-appraisal. Only SPS self-appraisal predicted a signiﬁcant proportion of thevariance in community integration. Conclusions: It is important to assess brain-injured persons’ conﬁ-dence in their ability to cope with problems. A focus on objective test scores alone may lead tounderdetection of disabling problem-solving deﬁcits.
Practical application of psychometrics to color printers

Psychometric testing, in the form of paired sample comparisons, is used to determine tolerances on optical density and color registration settings on the IBM InfoColor 70 printer. In the process, several print quality metrics are evaluated and the data is analyzed in several ways to explore possibilities of conducting psychometric testing with small numbers of participants in conference room environments. Both are shown to be possible. Several conclusions are also drawn about metrics for optical density and color misregistration effects.
Malignant melanoma metastatic to the thyroid as initial evidence of disseminated disease

A 48-year-old Caucasian male with a 3 mm sub-ungual right middle finger melanoma underwent cisplatin forequarter perfusion, ray amputation, and ipsilateral axillary node dissection. Two months post-operatively he presented with a thyroid mass as initial evidence of disseminated disease. Subsequent workup also demonstrated pulmonary metastases. A total thyroidectomy radical neck dissection and multi-agent chemotherapy has controlled the disease in his neck. As far as we are aware, this is the first case report of malignant melanoma metastatic to the thyroid. The potentially beneficial role of surgery in the management of metastatic melanoma and the relation of melanoma to the hormonal axis is discussed.
A single ETALON Fabry-Perot spectrometer for observations of nebulae at visible and infrared wavelengths

Two Fabry-Perot spectrometers which have been used to study the emission spectra of nebulae at 0.6 and 2.1 microns are described. Both instruments use a single piezoelectrically scanned etalon at the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. The spectral resolution of both instruments is about 15 km/sec. The maximum fields of view of the optical and IR spectrometers on the Leuschner Observatory 0.76-m telescope are 2 and 1.5 arcmin, respectively, and the noise equivalent radiances are 4.2 x 10 to the -7th and 0.00012 erg/sq cm per sec per ster, respectively. The problems of etalon drift, data collection, and wavelength calibration are discussed.
Gamma radiation‐induced solution polymerization of ethylene

Gamma radiation-initiated polymerization of ethylene in solution has been studied by measuring the pressure decrease with dose in a batch system. Water, ethanol, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride were used as solvents. The radiation intensity was 134,000 rep/hr. G values and number-average molecular weights were obtained from runs made at room temperature and at initial pressures of 5 to 13 atmospheres. The solvent radical yields and chain transfer constants for these systems were calculated from an expression derived on the assumption of a free radical mechanism with bimolecular termination.
Canine Erythrocyte Pyruvate Kinase. I. Properties of the Normal Enzyme

We have compared the kinetic, immunological, and electrophoretic properties of human and canine erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. Both enzymes are allosteric and subject to positive and negative regulation. The allosteric properties of the canine enzyme are more pronounced than those of the human enzyme; however, the properties of both enzymes are consistent with a regulatory function in the glycolytic pathway of their respective erythrocytes. Antiserum against the human enzyme gives precipitin lines of partial identity between the human and canine enzymes on immunodiffusion. The anti-human serum inactivates the enzymatic activity of both enzymes, although it is more effective against the human enzyme than the canine. The two enzymes have slightly different mobilities on starch gel electrophoresis. While we have demonstrated differences between erythrocyte pyruvate kinase from dogs and that from humans, we conclude that the enzymes are sufficiently similar in properties and function to allow use of the dog as a model for human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency.
Expression of the 70 kdalton neurofilament protein in clonal lines of mouse neuroblastoma.

Abstract The expression of the neurofilament (NF) protein triplet (70, 150 and 200 kdaltons (K)) was studied by immunofluorescence in two clones of murine C-1300 neuroblastoma. Clone 1 formed clumps of round cells with few processes, while in clone 2 the cells were more dispersed and extended many processes. In both clones selective decoration of tight bundles of filaments was only observed with anti-NF 70 K. Round cells contained curvilinear bundles with the appearance of whorls and ringlets, while in cells extending processes the bundles were more rectilinear in shape. Ringlets were the most prominent feature in large clumps of cells. Antisera to vimentin, the mesenchymal-type intermediate filament (IF) protein, decorated the neuroblastoma cells with a different pattern. Treatment of the two clones with dibutyryl cAMP, a neurite-inducing agent, did not result in the expression of NF 150 K and NF 200 K, although many cells had extended processes and the shape of the NF bundles had changed accordingly.
The occurrence of tubular intramitochondrial inclusions in the post-mortem zona fasciculata of the rat adrenal.

Adult male albino rats are decapitated and the mitochondria in one adrenal gland are examined at increasing post-mortem time intervals in the electron microscope. The contralateral adrenal gland is excised rapidly, immersed in aldehyde fixative, diced, and used as the control. As early as 15 minutes postmortem, tightly packed sheaves of tubules (each tubule measuring 140 AR in outside diameter) appear as inclusions in the matrix of mitochondria within the zona fasciculata. These inclusions occur in increasing numbers of mitochondria during the first hour postmortem, until 10-25% of the mitochondria examined contain at least one sheaf of tubules. Observations at two and three hours post-mortem reveal no significant increase in inclusion-containing mitochondria. At these late time intervals additional post-mortem alterations are evident: (1) a decrease in mitochondrial matrix density; (2) swelling of mitochondrial cristae; and (3) vesiculation of the smooth reticulum. Kjaerheim ('67), Wheatley ('68), and Magalhaes and Magalhaes ('68) have described tubular inclusions in the matrix of “normal” rat adrenal mitochondria which are identical to the post-mortem inclusions described in this study. The presence of such inclusions in control mitochondria has been observed by the author on one occasion: within a degenerate mitochondrion enclosed inside a cytoplasmic membrane-limited vacuole. The possible significance of this post-mortem mitochondrial alteration in the rat adrenal cortex is discussed.
Rotating slant-hole single-photon emission-computed tomography

This dissertation presents a detailed investigation of the use of rotating slant-hole (RSH) collimators in single-photon emission-computed tomography(SPECT). We propose RSH SPECT as an alternative imaging technique, which may have advantages over more traditional SPECT techniques, in certain imaging applications. The basic imaging properties of RSH collimators are derived. This includes the derivation of expressions for the size and location of the common volume of view and the geometric resolution and efficiency. In addition, we derive an analytical expression for the geometric response and transfer functions of RSH collimators. The theoretical expressions for the aforementioned imaging characteristics are verified via Monte Carlo simulations and phantom experiments. Next, we present the development of a three-dimensional (3-D) analytic reconstruction algorithm for RSH SPECT. This includes the derivation of both a backprojection of the filtered projections and a filtering of the simple backprojections (BpjF) algorithm. The relationship between the derived 3-D RSH reconstruction filter and a number of other reconstruction filters is discussed. In addition, the implementation of the BpjF reconstruction algorithm is described and its performance is demonstrated via simulations and phantom experiments. We have also implemented an iterative ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OS-EM) reconstruction algorithm for RSH SPECT. A detailed description of the development of the projector/backprojector employed by the OS-EM algorithm is provided. Simulation and phantom experiments are again used to demonstrate the performance of the projector/backprojector and the iterative OS-EM reconstruction algorithm. Rotating slant-hole SPECT has potential applications in cardiac and breast imaging. Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of using RSH SPECT via a comparison with conventional SPECT in a cardiac and breast imaging phantom experiment. In conclusion, we summarize the results presented and discuss their implications on the current and future state of RSH SPECT research.
Comparison of rectal, axillary, and tympanic membrane temperatures in infants and young children

Study objective: To evaluate the reliability of a tympanic membrane thermometer in detecting fever in young children presenting to the emergency department. Setting: Pediatric emergency department in an urban teaching hospital. Design/Measurement/Participants: Temperature measurements were obtained sequentially at three body sites in children less than 3 years old presenting to the pediatric ED. Axillary and rectal temperatures were obtained with an electronic thermistor probe (Diatek 500 ® ), and tympanic membrane temperatures were obtained with a noncontact, infrared sensing device (FirstTEMP ® ). Patients were stratified by age, ear canal patency, presence of otitis media, and rectal temperature. Results: Of 224 patients enrolled, 87 (39%) were febrile. Overall correlation of axillary and tympanic membrane measurements to rectal for all strata was .75 ( P = .001) and .81 ( P = .001), respectively. Sensitivity in detecting fever for axillary and tympanic membrane sites was .48 and .55, respectively. Otitis media and ear patency did not influence correlation of tympanic membrane measurements. Low tympanic membrane temperature sensitivity may be a result of probe configuration. Conclusion: Tympanic membrane and axillary temperatures should be viewed with caution in children less than 3 years old as neither can detect fever reliably.
Polyester composite versus PTFE in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.

INTRODUCTION Both polyester composite (POC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mesh are commonly used for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. However, sparse information exists comparing perioperative and long-term outcome by mesh repair. METHODS A prospective database was utilized to identify 116 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair at The Mount Sinai Hospital from 2004-2009. Patients were grouped by type of mesh used, PTFE versus POC, and retrospectively compared. Follow-up at a mean of 12 months was achieved by telephone interview and office visit. RESULTS Of the 116 patients, 66 underwent ventral hernia repair with PTFE and 50 with POC mesh. Patients were well matched by patient demographics. No difference in mean body mass index (BMI) was demonstrated between the PTFE and POC group (31.8 vs. 32.5, respectively; P=NS). Operative time was significantly longer in the PTFE group (136 vs.106 minutes, P<.002). Two perioperative wound infections occurred in the PTFE group and none in the POC group (P NS). No other major complications occurred in the immediate postoperative period (30 days). At a mean follow-up of 12 months, no significant difference was demonstrated between the PTFE and POC groups in hernia recurrence (3% vs. 2%), wound complications (1% vs. 0%), mesh infection, requiring removal (3% vs. 0%), bowel obstruction (3% vs. 2%), or persistent pain or discomfort (28% vs. 32%), respectively (P=NS). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated no significant association between types of mesh used and postoperative complications. In the 12-month follow-up, no differences were noted in hernia recurrence.
Mass-Independent Oxygen Isotopic Partitioning During Gas-Phase SiO2 Formation

Meteorites contain a wide range of oxygen isotopic compositions that are interpreted as heterogeneity in solar nebula. The anomalous oxygen isotopic compositions of refractory mineral phases may reflect a chemical fractionation process in the nebula, but there are no experiments to demonstrate this isotope effect during particle formation through gas-phase reactions. We report experimental results of gas-to-particle conversion during oxidation of silicon monoxide that define a mass-independent line (slope one) in oxygen three-isotope space of (18)O/(16)O versus (17)O/(16)O. This mass-independent chemical reaction is a potentially initiating step in nebular meteorite formation, which would be capable of producing silicate reservoirs with anomalous oxygen isotopic compositions.
Enterprise Coordination on the Internet

Enterprises are now connected internally and externally to other Enterprises via the Internet in ways that are increasingly difficult to manage, especially as these interconnections become more dynamic. Current methods of coordinating the effects of change as they propagate through these networks of connections are not likely to scale. What is needed is a new paradigm for how the Internet supports such coordination. Indeed, the Internet should and could provide fundamental coordination functions that are missing today. In this paper, we describe how such a “Coordinated Internet” would work (this paper is an expanded version of [1]). The key functionality of a Coordinated Internet would be that the Internet actively watches what people do (analogous to search completion on desktops today), correlates these activities, and actively notifies people when and how their current tasks affect and are affected by the activities of other people. This would be accomplished by standard coordination functions implemented as a common Internet layer that can be used as a utility by more specialized applications. Such a Coordinated Internet would revolutionize enterprise management, for all enterprises, large and small, corporate and personal. For example, static workflows would become obsolete for all but the the most routine processes. Some solutions provide existence proofs of such a coordination substrate, such as the Redux solution in concurrent engineering, which we describe herein. However, foundational research remains to be done in the new field of Coordination Engineering in order to reach the goal of a future Internet in which coordination functions are fundamental.
Heteroepitaxial GaAs on aluminum oxide. I: Early growth studies

The nucleation and initial growth of GaAs films prepared from trimethylgallium and arsine on (0001) Al2O3 substrates have been examined by means of electrical measurements and reflection electron diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. The early stage of growth of GaAs, under conditions which are consistent with epitaxial film formation, appears to be by the formation of many discrete nuclei which coalesce to form large islands and eventually produce complete surface coverage. Electron diffraction results provide evidence of a high density of defects near the interface with a considerable improvement in crystal quality as the film thickness increases. Electrical measurements show the film at the interface to bep type. The thickness of thep layer varies typically from ∼1 to ∼5 μm, depending on the concentration of donor impurities in the reactant gases. The films are found to convert ton type upon subsequent growth, suggesting that thep-type behavior may be related to the defect structure near the GaAs/Al2O3 interface.
Asymmetric branching ratio for the dissociation of HD + ( 1 s σ )

Single ionization of the HD molecule by fast ion impact is used to populate the vibrational continuum of the HD electronic ground state (1ss). The resulting dissociation leads to two final states, the lower 1ss state or the first excited 2ps state, which is 3.7 meV higher at the separated atom limit due to the finite nuclear mass correction to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. We find dissociation to the lower H1D(1s) state to be about 7% more likely than to the upper H(1s)1D final state. The major experimental difficulty in this measurement is the determination of the H2 contamination in the HD target. Two different methods of determining this contamination are presented, and the details of the measurement of the relative yields of the final two ground-state dissociation channels are discussed. The experimental results are compared to our coupled channels calculation and to a model based on Meyerhof’s approximate formulation.
Aspects of the saturated hydrocarbon geochemistry of recent sediments in the Georges Bank region

Abstract Seasonal sampling and analysis of surface sediments from the Georges Bank region off the northeastern coast of the United States over a year (1977) have revealed a dynamic hydrocarbon geochemical system. Hydrocarbons of a terrigenous origin appear to be in overall steady state, while marine biogenic hydrocarbons are deposited and then eroded from the surface sediments, eventually being redeposited in a silt depositional region to the west of the Bank. Indirect evidence suggests that anthropogenic hydrocarbons are strongly associated with the silt-clay sediment fraction, while terrigenous plant waxes dominate the coarser fractions. Relationships of an odd-even n -alkane predominence index (OEPI) and total organic carbon (TOC) and that of total hydrocarbons (THC) to TOC are explored as interpretive tools. Finally, the implications of the dynamic transport picture are discussed in terms of pollutant inputs to the region.
Separation of the minimal replication region of the F plasmid into a replication origin segment and a trans-acting segment.

An analysis was carried out on the replication functions within a 2.3 kilobase (kb) segment of the F plasmid which contains an origin (ori S) of replication and is capable of autonomous replication inEscherichia coli. Two separable regions were delineated for this segment: an origin region of approximately 1,140 bp in length and a segment of approximately 1,400 bp that functionsin trans to support replication of the origin region. The trans-acting segment is functional as part of an F replicon or when inserted into theE. coli chromosome. A prominent feature of the trans-acting segment is a coding sequence for a 29 K protein (Murotsu et al. 1981).
Recall of related and unrelated lists by 2-year-olds

Abstract Ten boys and 10 girls ages 29–35 months were tested individually on a memory task requiring free recall of two-item lists. Each of the three trials consisted of the randomly ordered presentation of six boxes each containing a pair of objects selected from three categories (food, animals, and utensils). For three of these pairs, the objects belonged to the same conceptual category. The remaining three pairs were formed of unrelated items from the same categories. No sex differences in response were noted nor did performance change systematically over trials. The mean number of correct responses and the mean number of correct pairs was higher for related items. In addition, the children frequently reported the last object they saw first.
A genetically encoded photocaged Nε-methyl-l-lysine

A photocaged N(epsilon)-methyl-L-lysine has been genetically incorporated into proteins at amber codon positions in Escherichia coli using an evolved pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase-pylT pair. Its genetic incorporation and following photolysis to recover N(epsilon)-methyl-L-lysine at physiological pH provide a convenient method for the biosynthesis of proteins with monomethylated lysines at specific sites.
Flavors of the city: access to regional fruit and fruit consumption in the State of Acre, Brazil

In 2010 more than 70% of the population in the Brazilian Amazon was living in urban centers. This article looks at the effect of urbanization on market availability and consumption of regional fruits in the state of Acre. The east and west region were used as proxies for urbanization, and quantitative and qualitative methods were combined in interviews with regional fruit vendors and consumers. Open markets in large cities provided a greater variety of regional fruits for purchase, yet fruit consumption was more diverse in the less urbanized west, than in the east. This pattern reveals the importance of fruit tree diversity in home gardens and urban forested fragments, as well as of non-monetary exchanges of goods as promoters of variety in fruit consumption. Findings suggest that children may be benefiting the most from this consumption. Also, certain regional fruits have gained a 'cultural marker' status and are widely consumed regardless of the urbanization rates. Nevertheless, this article demonstrates how urbanization affects the diversity of fruit consumption in different social groups, and how this process is mediated by access, income level, and health concerns.
Selecting a Portfolio of Suppliers Under Demand and Supply Risks

We analyze a planning model for a firm or public organization that needs to cover uncertain demand for a given item by procuring supplies from multiple sources. Each source faces a random yield factor with a general probability distribution. The model considers a single demand season. All supplies need to be ordered before the start of the season. The planning problem amounts to selecting which of the given set of suppliers to retain, and how much to order from each, so as to minimize total procurement costs while ensuring that the uncertain demand is met with a given probability. The total procurement costs consist of variable costs that are proportional to the total quantity delivered by the suppliers, and a fixed cost for each participating supplier, incurred irrespective of his supply level. Each potential supplier is characterized by a given fixed cost and a given distribution of his random yield factor. The yield factors at different suppliers are assumed to be independent of the season's demand, which is described by a general probability distribution. Determining the optimal set of suppliers, the aggregate order and its allocation among the suppliers, on the basis of the exact shortfall probability, is prohibitively difficult. We have therefore developed two approximations for the shortfall probability. Although both approximations are shown to be highly accurate, the first, based on a large-deviations technique (LDT), has the advantage of resulting in a rigorous upper bound for the required total order and associated costs. The second approximation is based on a central limit theorem (CLT) and is shown to be asymptotically accurate, whereas the order quantities determined by this method are asymptotically optimal as the number of suppliers grows. Most importantly, this CLT-based approximation permits many important qualitative insights.
Group-based Trajectory Modeling Extended to Account for Nonrandom Participant Attrition

This article reports on an extension of group-based trajectory modeling to address nonrandom participant attrition or truncation due to death that varies across trajectory groups. The effects of the model extension are explored in both simulated and real data. The analyses of simulated data establish that estimates of trajectory group size as measured by group membership probabilities can be badly biased by differential attrition rates across groups if the groups are initially not well separated. Differential attrition rates also imply that group sizes will change over time, which in turn has important implications for using the model parameter estimates to make population-level projections. Analyses of longitudinal data on disability levels in a sample of very elderly individuals support both of these conclusions.
Successful management of fetal cervical teratoma using the EXIT procedure.

Fetal cervical teratoma is a cause of polyhydramnios, premature labor, and newborn airway obstruction. Formation of a multispecialty team and use of the EXIT procedure is essential for survival of the neonate. Without a team, there is little hope for fetal survival; mortality will be 80–100%. Early diagnosis and planning are essential. Cervical teratomas can contribute to pulmonary insufficiency and chondromalacia because of a mass effect in utero and underdevelopment of the fetal lungs.
Growth and flagellation of Vibrio fischeri during initiation of the sepiolid squid light organ symbiosis

A pure culture of the luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri is maintained in the light-emitting organ of the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes. When the juvenile squid emerges from its egg it is symbiont-free and, because bioluminescence is part of an anti-predatory behavior, therefore must obtain a bacterial inoculum from the surrounding environment. We document here the kinetics of the process by which newly hatched juvenile squids become infected by symbiosis-competent V. fischeri. When placed in seawater containing as few as 240 colony-forming-units (CFU) per ml, the juvenile became detectably bioluminescent within a few hours. Colonization of the nascent light organ was initiated with as few as 1 to 10 bacteria, which rapidly began to grow at an exponential rate until they reached a population size of approximately 105 cells by 12 h after the initial infection. Subsequently, the number of bacteria in the established symbiosis was maintained essentially constant by a combination of both a >20-fold reduction in bacterial growth rate, and an expulsion of excess bacteria into the surrounding seawater. While V. fischeri cells are normally flagellated and motile, these bacteria did not elaborate these appendages once the symbiosis was established; however, they quickly began to synthesize flagella when they were removed from the light organ environment. Thus, two important biological characteristics, growth rate and flagellation, were modulated during establishment of the association, perhaps as part of a coordinated series of symbiotic responses.
Whatever Does Not Kill Us: Cumulative Lifetime Adversity, Vulnerability, and Resilience

Exposure to adverse life events typically predicts subsequent negative effects on mental health and well-being, such that more adversity predicts worse outcomes. However, adverse experiences may also foster subsequent resilience, with resulting advantages for mental health and well-being. In a multiyear longitudinal study of a national sample, people with a history of some lifetime adversity reported better mental health and well-being outcomes than not only people with a high history of adversity but also than people with no history of adversity. Specifically, U-shaped quadratic relationships indicated that a history of some but nonzero lifetime adversity predicted relatively lower global distress, lower self-rated functional impairment, fewer posttraumatic stress symptoms, and higher life satisfaction over time. Furthermore, people with some prior lifetime adversity were the least affected by recent adverse events. These results suggest that, in moderation, whatever does not kill us may indeed make us stronger.
Effect of storage on wall-bound phenolics in green asparagus.

The cell walls of green asparagus spears have been analyzed for their phenolic and carbohydrate composition as modified by postharvest storage. Esterified phenolic components were released by sequential alkaline hydrolysis and identified and quantified by diode array HPLC. Significant quantities of ferulic acid (FA) and its derivatives were found to increase at least 3-fold during storage, particularly in walls from the lower parts of the stem, where accompanying changes in sugar composition were also observed. In fresh asparagus, >60% of the total FA was in the form of diferulic acid, and this increased to ∼70% after 3 days of storage. The main FA dehydrodimers were 8-8-, 8-O-4-, and 8-5-diferulates. These have been detected in other monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, but as a smaller proportion of the total FA. The possible roles phenolic esters might have in relation to the mechanical, textural, and wound-response properties of asparagus spears are discussed. Keywords: Cell wall (CW); phenolic...
Note: Three-dimensional linearization of optical trap position detection for precise high speed diffusion measurements

Studies of the details of Brownian motion, hydrodynamic of colloids, or protein diffusion measurements all require high temporal and spatial resolution of the position detector and a means to trap the colloid. Optical trap based thermal noise imaging employing a quadrant photodiode as detector provides such a method. However, optical trapping requires an objective with high numerical aperture resulting in highly nonlinear position signal and significant cross-dependence of the three spatial directions. Local diffusion measurements are especially susceptible to distance errors. Here, we present a position calibration method, which corrects nonlinearities sufficiently to allow precise local diffusion measurement throughout the entire trapping volume. This correction permits us to obtain high-resolution two- and three-dimensional diffusion maps.
The Inhibitory Mechanism of Protein Synthesis by YoeB, an Escherichia coli Toxin

YoeB is a toxin encoded by the yefM-yoeB antitoxin-toxin operon in the Escherichia coli genome. Here we show that YoeB, a highly potent protein synthesis inhibitor, specifically blocks translation initiation. In in vivo primer extension experiments using two different mRNAs, a major band was detected after YoeB induction at three bases downstream of the initiation codon at 2.5 min. An identical band was also detected in in vitro toeprinting experiments after the addition of YoeB to the reaction mixtures containing 70 S ribosomes and the same mRNAs, even in the absence of . Notably, this band was not detected in the presence of YoeB alone, indicating that YoeB by itself does not have endoribonuclease activity under the conditions used. The 70 S ribosomes increased upon YoeB induction, and YoeB was found to be specifically associated with 50 S subunits. Using tetracycline and hygromycin B, we demonstrated that YoeB binds to the 50 S ribosomal subunit in 70 S ribosomes and interacts with the A site leading to mRNA cleavage at this site. As a result, the 3′-end portion of the mRNA was released from ribosomes, and translation initiation was effectively inhibited. These results demonstrate that YoeB primarily inhibits translation initiation.
Randomized clinical trial comparing low power-slow heating versus high power-rapid heating noncontact neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser regimens for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of two noncontact laser regimens for the treatment of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to assess the impact of the spatial distribution of the laser-induced lesions on treatment outcome. Methods This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized study that included 29 patients with BPH (both the patients and the study physician assistant in charge of the follow-up evaluation were blinded to the treatment rendered). The patients were randomized to receive either a 15 W for 180 s (15 patients) or 50 W for 60 s (14 patients) laser regimen (powers measured at the fiber tip). There were two study phases for each treatment group: the irradiated sites were not overlapping during the first phase (lesions 1.5 cm apart), and were overlapping during the second phase (lesion less than 1.0 cm apart). Results Morbidity was minimal in both groups. At 1 year of follow-up, there was sig nificant improvement of the American Urological Association-7 symptom score, the peak urinary flow rate, and the postvoid residual in both treatment groups. These improve ments were not statistically significantly different regardless of time or the phase of the study for the two treatment groups. There were 3 treatment failures, 2 of whom were later successfully re-treated with larger amounts of laser energy. Furthermore, the peak flows in the second phase of the study were statistically significantly higher than those in the first phase of the study, regardless of the treatment group. Conclusions Our results suggest that both the 15 W for 180 s and the 50 W for 60 s are equally safe and effective treatments for BPH. Perhaps more importantly, they also suggest that the spatial distribution of lesions and overlapping of treated (irradiated) sites has significant impact on treatment outcome.
GAMMASPHERE-elimination of ballistic deficit by using a quasi-trapezoidal pulse shaper

Gammasphere uses an spherical array of very large (7.2 cm dia.) germanium detectors and only high-multiplicity events are studied. To achieve a reasonable coincidence rate, the individual detector channels must handle high rates with minimum pile-up losses. Ten microseconds was chosen as the total processing time for a signal which means that the shaped signal peaks in about 4 us. The combination of short pulse shaping and the fluctuating long charge collection times (up to 400 ns) in the detectors exaggerates the energy resolution degradation due to ballistic deficit effects. We describe a method of producing a flat-topped pulse with a simple time-invariant network that satisfies GAMMASPHERE requirements and eliminates ballistic deficit effects. >
SiO2-coated sulfur particles with mildly reduced graphene oxide as a cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries

For the first time, SiO2-coated sulfur particles (SCSPs) were fabricated via a facile two-step wet chemical process for application as a novel lithium–sulfur cathode material. With the addition of mildly reduced graphene oxide (mrGO), SCSPs demonstrate even greater cycling stability, maintaining over 700 mA h g−1 after the 50th cycle.
The impact of undergraduate research experiences on graduate school pursuit by industrial engineers

Undergraduate research experiences have been supported by the National Science Foundation since the late 1980s in an effort to integrate research and learning and to encourage students to continue their education by pursuing graduate degrees. This paper adds to our understanding of whether undergraduate research experiences influence graduate school pursuit by examining survey responses from 61 industrial engineering alumni in three groups: those that worked as undergraduate research assistants, those who took an undergraduate research methods class, and a comparison group who graduated from the same bachelor's degree program but did not participate in either research opportunity. Results indicate similar levels of interest in graduate school from the comparison group and the research assistants with 71 to 75% of each group showing interest, while 100% of the alumni who took the research methods class have interest. When those with interest in graduate school were asked why, a small percentage of the responses were directly related to undergraduate research experiences, while a large percentage of responses related to encouragement from professors, friends or others, and desire for career advancement and professional growth.
Bimodal Speech Perception by Native and Nonnative Speakers of English: Factors Influencing the McGurk Effect

This research provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the factors influencing the process of integrating auditory and visual information in speech perception, and the nature of the mental representations to which speech input is matched for identification. Most previous studies of L2 speech perception had focused on only one source of input—the auditory modality. In this study, however, the occurrence of the McGurk effect (the influence of visual or lip-read information on speech perception) pointed to the power of visible speech in face-to-face communication for L2 learners as well as native speakers. Participants were advanced ESL learners of 4 L1s (Japanese, Korean, Spanish, and Malay) and native speakers of English. In this experimental design, six CV syllables with /p, f, w, r, t, k/ were combined on videotape to create concordant and discordant conditions (i.e., where audiovisual cues were matched and mismatched). This design permits the tagging of input according to its source in order to evaluate the relative contributions of each modality to the perceptual outcome. Results indicated that the learners' L1s influenced the relative information value of the auditory and visual cues, and thus their contribution to a single percept. The Japanese and Korean learners' identification accuracy of /f/ and /r/ increased with matched visual cues. It was evident that learners attended to visual cues to identify speech sounds even though they had not received any explicit training. By drawing from the literature on L2 phonology, speechreading, speech perception, attention, similarity, and categorization, this work demonstrates the need for a model of L2 speech acquisition within a cognitive framework to account for bimodal input in the broader context of spoken language processing. Findings also point to the need to incorporate into perceptual training for L2 learners the enhancement of the information value of visual cues as a second channel of input.
Minimizing acute kidney injury during TAVR: The Importance of Seeing the Trees and the Forest

Key Points The importance of minimizing radio-contrast load among patients with CKD undergoing TF-TAVR is highlighted by Arrigo and coworkers. Use of non-contrast annular sizing techniques such as cardiac MRI or 3D TEE should be encouraged for precise valve sizing. Limited-contrast CT performed with contrast infusion via a pigtail catheter placed in the descending aorta provides excellent iliofemoral assessment for TF-TAVR.
NUCLEOPROTEIN CHANGES IN REGENERATING LIVER NUCLEI AFTER X-IRRADIATION.

Summary800 r whole-body irradiation was given to rats 24 hours after partial hepatectomy, and two aspects of the response of the liver nuclei were studied in the period 24–48 hours after hepatectomy. Firstly the in vivo incorporation-rate of DNA and protein precursors, and secondly the absolute amount of protein and DNA in the nucleus at various times after hepatectomy and irradiation.Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into liver DNA was found to be significantly inhibited during the whole period in irradiated animals. Incorporation of 14C-lysine into acid-insoluble protein of liver nuclei was similarly inhibited during most of this period. In contrast there was apparently no inhibition of incorporation of 14C-lysine into histone after irradiation.Following the first wave of cell-division which occurs in regenerating liver at about 28 hours after partial hepatectomy, all three components of the nucleus approximately double in amount before the next cell-division. After irradiation, however, this increas...
Evidence for a pre-restriction point Cdk3 activity.

We have examined the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk3) during G1-phase of the cell cycle in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) fibroblasts. Histone H1 kinase activity associated with anti-cdk3 immunoprecipitates peaked during a brief window of time, 2-3 h prior to the restriction point. In vitro cdk3 activity was sensitive to roscovitine, a drug previously shown to inhibit cdks 1, 2, and 5, but not cdk4 or 6. Early G1-phase activation of cdk3 was downregulated by treatment of cells with MG132, an inhibitor of the proteasome, and by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. These results provide evidence for a pre-restriction point cdk3 activity that requires both the synthesis of a regulatory subunit and degradation of an inhibitor.
Towards Exascale Co-design in a Runtime System

Achieving the performance potential of an Exascale machine depends on realizing both operational efficiency and scalability in high performance computing applications. This requirement has motivated the emergence of several new programming models which emphasize fine and medium grain task parallelism in order to address the aggravating effects of asynchrony at scale. The performance modeling of Exascale systems for these programming models requires the development of fundamentally new approaches due to the demands of both scale and complexity. This work presents a performance modeling case study of the Livermore Unstructured Lagrangian Explicit Shock Hydrodynamics (LULESH) proxy application where the performance modeling approach has been incorporated directly into a runtime system with two modalities of operation: computation and performance modeling simulation. The runtime system exposes performance sensitivies and projects operation to larger scales while also realizing the benefits of removing global barriers and extracting more parallelism from LULESH. Comparisons between the computation and performance modeling simulation results are presented.
Dissimilar characteristics of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-initiated foci and tumors promoted by dichloroacetic acid or trichloroacetic acid in the liver of female B6C3F1 mice.

Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) are metabolites of the industrial solvent and environmental contaminant trichloroethylene (TCE), as well as contaminants of chlorinated drinking water. Human exposure to these chemicals is of concern as all three have been shown to increase liver tumor incidence in mice. Differences in dose-response curves, progression to cancer, and postexposure regression of lesions suggest that TCA and DCA work through different mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to further characterize the proliferative hepatocellular lesions promoted by TCA and DCA using biomarkers of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism in liver sections to better delineate the distinctions in the mechanism of the two chloroacetates. Fifteen-day-old female mice were initiated with 25 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The initiated mice were administered DCA or TCA (20.0 mmol/L) in drinking water from age 49 days until euthanasia at age 413 days. The pathologic assessment showed that...