cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Impact of User Personality Traits on Word-of-Mouth: Text-Mining Microblogging Platforms

Word-of-mouth (WOM) plays an increasingly important role in shaping consumers’ online behaviors and preferences as users’ opinions, choices, and decisions are frequently shared in social media. In this paper, we examine whether personality similarity between social media users can accentuate or attenuate the effectiveness of WOM leveraging data mining and machine-learning methods and the abundance of unstructured data in social media. Specifically, we study whether latent personality characteristics of users are associated with the effectiveness of WOM from purchases on social media platforms like Twitter and can predict their online economic behavior. Our analysis yields two main results. First, there is a positive and statistically significant effect of the level of personality similarity between two social media users on the likelihood of a subsequent purchase after exposure to WOM. In particular, exposure to WOM messages from similar users in terms of personality, rather than dissimilar users, increases the likelihood of a post-purchase by 47.58%. Second, there are statistically significant effects of specific personality characteristics on WOM effectiveness. For instance, users with low levels of extraversion are responsive to WOM, in contrast to extrovert users. In addition, WOM originating from users with high levels of emotional range affects similar users whereas for low levels of emotional range increased similarity has usually the opposite effect. By examining these effects and illustrating how companies can leverage the abundance of unstructured data and tap into users’ latent personality characteristics, our paper provides insights regarding the future potential of social media advertising and advanced micro-targeting based on machine learning and natural language processing approaches.
The use of Rheed Intensities for the Quantitative Characterization of Surfaces

RHEED is an important method for the in situ characterization of surfaces. Until recently, this characterization has not used the intensities of RHEED reflections. Improved methods of calculation have made it possible to simulate RHEED patterns from bulk-terminated, reconstructed and stepped surfaces. From the comparison between simulated and experimental patterns, it is now possible to refine the positions of atoms in surfaces and to determine the density of steps on surfaces (well almost).
Tunnel vision or general interference? Cognitive load and attentional bias are both important

Accuracy of identification of single letters presented in the near periphery (2.2 degrees, 3.3 degrees, or 4.4 degrees) was adversely affected when subjects were given a simultaneous foveal visual task as part of the same display. The level of processing required by the foveal task as well as the attentional allocation instructions were both found to be important. Tunnel vision as opposed to general interference can be induced by a combination of high foveal cognitive load, a focused attention strategy, and speed stress.
Renal phosphate reabsorption in the rat: Effect of inhibitors

Renal phosphate reabsorption in the rat: Effect of inhibitors. The maximum rate of inorganic phosphorus (P 1 ) reabsorption (Tm P 1 ) was measured during phosphate infusion in chronically parathyroidectomized rats. In either initially hydropenic rats or others which underwent moderate preliminary saline loading, Tm P 1 tended to rise during early phosphate infusion and then decline, so that steady-state Tm P 1 values were similar to the P 1 reabsorption rates at the animals' own evelated endogenous plasma P 1 concentrations. These results indicate that the "self-depression" of Tm P 1 during phosphate infusion is not dependent upon the progressive stimulation of endogenous parathyroid hormone secretion. Parathyroid hormone and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) decreased Tm P 1 substantially, whereas acetazolamide inhibited P 1 reabsorption at lower filtered P 1 loads but did not diminish Tm P 1 . Reabsorption renale du phosphate chez le rat: Effet des inhibiteurs. Le debit maximal de reabsorption de phosphate inorganique (Tm P 1 ) a ete mesure au cours de la perfusion de phosphate chez des rats parathyroidectomises chroniques. Chez les animaux initialement hydropeniques aussi bien que chez ceux qui ont subi prealablement une expansion saline moderee, Tm P 1 tend a augmenter au debut de la perfusion de phosphate pour diminuer ensuite, de telle sorte qu'a l'etat stationnaire de Tm P 1 la reabsorption de phosphate est semblable a celle observee chez l'animal a l'etat basai, au cours de l'augmentation spontanee de la concentration plasmatique du phosphate inorganique. Ces resultats indiquent que la "depression" de Tm P 1 au cours de la perfusion de phosphate ne depend pas de la stimulation progressive de la secretion d'hormone parathyroidienne. L'hormone parathyroidienne et le dibutyryl AMP cyclique diminuent le Tm P 1 de facon importante, alors que l'acetazolamide inhibe la reabsorption de phosphate pour des debits filtres inferieurs mais ne diminue pas Tm P 1 .
Extended synaptotagmins are Ca2+-dependent lipid transfer proteins at membrane contact sites

Organelles are in constant communication with each other through exchange of proteins (mediated by trafficking vesicles) and lipids [mediated by both trafficking vesicles and lipid transfer proteins (LTPs)]. It has long been known that vesicle trafficking can be tightly regulated by the second messenger Ca(2+), allowing membrane protein transport to be adjusted according to physiological demands. However, it remains unclear whether LTP-mediated lipid transport can also be regulated by Ca(2+) In this work, we show that extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts), poorly understood membrane proteins at endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites, are Ca(2+)-dependent LTPs. Using both recombinant and endogenous mammalian proteins, we discovered that E-Syts transfer glycerophospholipids between membrane bilayers in the presence of Ca(2+) E-Syts use their lipid-accommodating synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial lipid binding protein (SMP) domains to transfer lipids. However, the SMP domains themselves cannot transport lipids unless the two membranes are tightly tethered by Ca(2+)-bound C2 domains. Strikingly, the Ca(2+)-regulated lipid transfer activity of E-Syts was fully recapitulated when the SMP domain was fused to the cytosolic domain of synaptotagmin-1, the Ca(2+)sensor in synaptic vesicle fusion, indicating that a common mechanism of membrane tethering governs the Ca(2+)regulation of lipid transfer and vesicle fusion. Finally, we showed that microsomal vesicles isolated from mammalian cells contained robust Ca(2+)-dependent lipid transfer activities, which were mediated by E-Syts. These findings established E-Syts as a novel class of LTPs and showed that LTP-mediated lipid trafficking, like vesicular transport, can be subject to tight Ca(2+)regulation.
An Accurate Bandgap-Based Power-on-Detector in 14-nm CMOS Technology

A novel power-on-detector (POD) circuit is reported in 14-nm technology. This POD has a sigma accuracy of 12 mV, including process, voltage, and temperature variations with a power of 496 $\mu\mbox{W}$ and an area of 0.02 mm2. The POD uses an open-loop offset-cancelled bandgap-based circuit to achieve this high accuracy. It is also capable of detecting two operating voltages simultaneously and can measure the digital VCC power-up at supply levels lower than the diode voltage.
Screening for lung cancer: An evidence-based synthesis.

At present, screening for lung cancer is not recommended; however, consideration of the evidence on the basis of conventional screening criteria, including burden of disease, detectable predinical phase, accuracy, and acceptability, suggests that screening is likely to be highly beneficial. The most important question relates to effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, which in turn is paradigm dependent. An evidence-based synthesis supports the conclusion that chest radiographs deserve to become the community standard for those at high risk for lung cancer.
Security Personnel Practices and Policies in U.S. Hospitals: Findings From a National Survey.

Concerns of violence in hospitals warrant examination of current hospital security practices. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from members of a health care security and safety associatio...
Interrelationship of Primary Virus Replication, Level of Latency, and Time to Reactivation in the Trigeminal Ganglia of Latently Infected Mice

UNLABELLED We sought to determine the possibility of an interrelationship between primary virus replication in the eye, the level of viral DNA in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) during latency, and the amount of virus reactivation following ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Mice were infected with virulent (McKrae) or avirulent (KOS and RE) strains of HSV-1, and virus titers in the eyes and TG during primary infection, level of viral gB DNA in TG on day 28 postinfection (p.i.), and virus reactivation on day 28 p.i. as measured by explant reactivation were calculated. Our results suggest that the avirulent strains of HSV-1, even after corneal scarification, had lower virus titers in the eye, had less latency in the TG, and took a longer time to reactivate than virulent strains of HSV-1. The time to explant reactivation of avirulent strains of HSV-1 was similar to that of the virulent LAT((-)) McKrae-derived mutant. The viral dose with the McKrae strain of HSV-1 affected the level of viral DNA and time to explant reactivation. Overall, our results suggest that there is no absolute correlation between primary virus titer in the eye and TG and the level of viral DNA in latent TG and time to reactivation. IMPORTANCE Very little is known regarding the interrelationship between primary virus replication in the eye, the level of latency in TG, and the time to reactivate in the mouse model. This study was designed to answer these questions. Our results point to the absence of any correlation between the level of primary virus replication and the level of viral DNA during latency, and neither was an indicator of how rapidly the virus reactivated following explant TG-induced reactivation.
Optimum Vibration of Vibratory Feeder Loaded with Handling Parts

This paper proposes some concepts and charts on the behavior of conveying part and on the vibration of feeder for the sake of optimum design and operation. Motions of a single part conveyed are classified into 16 kinds of modes. The motion of every mode differs each other, even if the velocities are the same. Therefore, optimum mode and machine parameters can be selected from mode distribution charts offered. Vibration characteristics of the feeder loaded with parts is analyzed for efficient operation of the resonance feeder. Resonance frequency are clarified to decrease with increase of load. Equivalent weight and equivalent coefficient of viscous damping enables to decide optimum conditions of frequency, load ratio and exciting force for stable operation of conveyance.
Financial Techniques for Comparing the Monetary Gain of New Manufacturing Processes Such as Microwave Heating

AbstractThe monetary gain resulting from the purchase of new manufacturing process equipment can be analyzed by a number of accepted financial methods. The most common are: degree of necessity, payback period, and rate of return. These will be reviewed and demonstrated by the use of a common example. The objective is to provide an individual with a clearly understood set of tools so that the financial merits of a new process, such as a microwave process, can be effectively presented for a management decision.
Development of Morphological Awareness in Young Chinese Readers: Comparing Poor Comprehenders and Good Comprehenders.

ABSTRACTThe present study explored the relationship between reading comprehension skill and morphological awareness among young Chinese readers. The objectives were to investigate whether morphological awareness is a critical cognitive and linguistic ability to differentiate poor comprehenders and good comprehenders and to further scrutinize the interconnected relationship between reading comprehension skill and morphological awareness in both poor comprehenders and good comprehenders. Chinese 2nd-grade students (N = 275) in 3 different cities of China completed measures of reading comprehension skill and morphological awareness. Drawing on cluster analysis and multivariate analysis, the study found that young Chinese children with reading difficulties demonstrated weakness in all 3 facets of Chinese-specific morphological awareness (derivation, lexical compounding, and compounding structure). In addition, the study indicated that morphological awareness had a more substantial effect on reading comprehens...
M-Zoom: Fast Dense-Block Detection in Tensors with Quality Guarantees

Given a large-scale and high-order tensor, how can we find dense blocks in it? Can we find them in near-linear time but with a quality guarantee? Extensive previous work has shown that dense blocks in tensors as well as graphs indicate anomalous or fraudulent behavior e.g., lockstep behavior in social networks. However, available methods for detecting such dense blocks are not satisfactory in terms of speed, accuracy, or flexibility. In this work, we propose M-Zoom, a flexible framework for finding dense blocks in tensors, which works with a broad class of density measures. M-Zoom has the following properties: 1 Scalable: M-Zoom scales linearly with all aspects of tensors and is upi¾źto 114$$\times $$faster than state-of-the-art methods with similar accuracy. 2 Provably accurate: M-Zoom provides a guarantee on the lowest density of the blocks it finds. 3 Flexible: M-Zoom supports multi-block detection and size bounds as well as diverse density measures. 4 Effective: M-Zoom successfully detected edit wars and bot activities in Wikipedia, and spotted network attacks from a TCP dump with near-perfect accuracy AUCi¾ź=i¾ź0.98. The data and software related to this paper are available at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kijungs/codes/mzoom/.
Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation, Microstructure, and Fracture Toughness Interrelations

Conceptual models are advanced for explaining and predicting empirical correlations found between ultrasonic measurements and fracture toughness of polycrystalline solids. The models lead to insights concerning microstructural factors governing fracture processes and associated stress wave interactions. Analysis of the empirical correlations indicates that, in addition to grain size and shape, grain boundary reflections, elastic anisotropy, and dislocation damping are factors that underly both fracture toughness and ultrasonic attenuation.
Mitochondrial fat oxidation is essential for lipid-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle in mice

Inflammation, lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, how these factors are intertwined in the development of obesity/insulin resistance remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of mitochondrial fat oxidation on lipid-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle. We used skeletal muscle-specific Cpt1b knockout mouse model where the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation results in accumulation of lipid metabolites in muscle and elevated circulating free fatty acids. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cytokine- and members of TLR-signalling pathways were decreased in Cpt1bm-/- muscle. Inflammatory signalling pathways were not activated when evaluated by multiplex and immunoblot analysis. In addition, the inflammatory response to fatty acids was reduced in primary muscle cells derived from Cpt1bm-/- mice. Gene expression of Cd11c, the M1 macrophage marker, was decreased; while Cd206, the M2 macrophage marker, was increased in skeletal muscle of Cpt1bm-/- mice. Finally, expression of pro-inflammatory markers was decreased in white adipose tissue of Cpt1bm-/- mice. We show that the inflammatory response elicited by elevated intracellular lipids in skeletal muscle is repressed in Cpt1bm-/- mice, strongly supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial processing of fatty acids is essential for the lipid-induction of inflammation in muscle.
Political Party Impacts on Direct Democracy: the 2015 Greek Austerity Referendum

On July 5, 2015, Greek voters were asked whether to approve or reject the terms of an austerity program offered by the European Union (EU) to resolve an ongoing financial crisis. With a turnout rate of 62.5% overall, 61.3% of Greeks voted “no.” While a majority of voters in every district opposed the bailout’s terms, the margin against the proposed austerity measures ranged from 51.2% in Lakonias to 73.8% in Chanion. This paper presents empirical evidence on the determinants of the “no” vote across Greece’s 56 electoral districts. Our analysis is grounded in public choice theories of why large numbers of people turn out to vote in mass elections. In addition to controlling for standard “instrumental” vote motives, we ask whether political party labels, which serve as summary measures of partisan positioning, and party platforms, which express partisan preferences on ballot questions, are salient in determining electoral outcomes. Holding constant the unemployment rate and average voter age (at the regional level) and the fraction of young people casting ballots for the first time on July 5, 2015 (at the district level), we find that the percentage of ‘no’ votes was reduced significantly by voter support for Greece’s leading pro-austerity party (New Democracy) in the previous nationwide election held in January 2015. In contrast, voter support in January for the anti-austerity party (Syriza), led by sitting Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, had no measurable impact on July’s referendum results. This finding offers support for both instrumental and expressive theories of voting and bolsters the claim that political parties can shape electoral outcomes on questions decided by an institution of direct democracy.
Membrane Recruitment Enables Weak Binding Endocytic Proteins to Form Stable Complexes

Membrane targeting and assembly of proteins is required for vesicle trafficking and receptor mediated signaling, but it is not known to what extent the proteins recruited to these events may have evolved to exploit the 2D surface for assembly, versus pre-assembling in solution. We show that the phospholipid targeting proteins of clathrin-mediated endocytosis dramatically enhance their effective binding strength and subsequent complex formation to one another after surface recruitment in yeast and metazoans. For proteins such as clathrin that do not directly bind lipids, the enhancement is still achieved by using three distinct binding sites to stabilize the clathrin to peripheral membrane proteins on the surface. We derive simple formulas that quantify the degree of binding enhancement as a function of the protein and lipid concentrations, binding constants, and critically, the ratio of volume to membrane surface area. Our results thus apply to any cell type or geometries, including in vitro systems and the targeting of internal organelles from the cytoplasm. With a sufficient concentration of lipid recruiters, such as PIP2, we show that the effective binding strength is enhanced by orders of magnitude and becomes, surprisingly, independent of the protein-protein binding strength. We quantify how this effect varies for proteins involved in later stages of vesicle trafficking and cell division in yeast. Coupled with detailed spatially and structurally resolved simulations, we have further measured the effect of membrane recruitment on controlling the speed of assembly, and influences of crowding and diffusion on this process.
Moral positions on publishing race differences in intelligence

Abstract Purpose Flynn's argument for academic freedom on the topic of race differences in IQ makes little reference to the real world consequences of publishing race differences in IQ. We provide a brief assessment of these consequences and consider their moral significance. Methods Adopting a utilitarian perspective, we summarize positive and negative consequences of publishing data that shows that the races differ in intelligence, assuming this finding is valid. Results We should expect both positive and negative consequences, and these consequences can be weighed against one another to determine the path with the greatest utility. In our estimation, the foreseeable scientific and social gains of knowing more about variance in intelligence outweighs the social costs of identifying populations with lower average intelligence. Importantly, we admit that different risk estimations will defensibly arrive at the opposite conclusion. Conclusions Principled arguments for and against academic censorship oversimplify a complex set of circumstances and provide no grounds for compromise or even hypothesis testing. When the most important and controversial topics provoke partisanship we have failed to temper our outrage and approach a challenge judiciously.
Public Trust and Police Deception

At a time when truth is being contested in unprecedented ways in American history, it is more important than ever to expand our analytical toolset for assessing the costs, benefits and moral implications of routine deception by those who hold positions of public trust. This paper takes up this project through the lens of deceptive interrogation by police. Deceptive interrogation is an anomaly in our legal system, which is otherwise facially committed to truth seeking. The main argument in favor of deceptive interrogation has been that it is effective, and most scholarship about this practice has focused on efficacy. Whether lies are in fact effective in interrogating suspects remains unproven. But deceptive interrogation also has important externalities that are rarely discussed. This Article explores the costs of deceptive interrogation to public trust and to the moral legitimacy of the legal system. It makes the case that even if deceptive interrogation can be effective, it is still deeply problematic and even destructive. Some sacrifice in utility is worth making for the sake of a society in which police model the respect for truth upon which the system of justice depends.
An Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) Transporting Snails During Spring Migration

ABSTRACT.— Organisms with limited motility may use animal transport as a mechanism for dispersal. Migratory birds can provide a vehicle to move small organisms great distances, which may allow them access to areas that are otherwise inaccessible. During normal mist netting operations at a spring migration banding station along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast in Louisiana, USA, we encountered an Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) with numerous snails, possibly Galba cubensis, underneath its breast feathers. While encounters of songbirds carrying snails appear rare, long-distance migrating songbirds represent a possible mechanism to transport small snails great distances to expand ranges, colonize new areas, or maintain genetic continuity.
Neuromuscular Differences Between Men and Women

This chapter provides an overview of the neuromuscular differences between male and female athletes participating in sports and recreational activities. Differences are outlined based on the functional joint stability paradigm and include comparisons for proprioception, postural stability, electromyographic activity, strength, biomechanics, and fatigue. Special emphasis is placed on the authors’ previous and current research as well as the authors’ research examining risk factors for injury in military personnel.
Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for approximately 5–15% of all acute stroke events worldwide, with its two most common subtypes being intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Each of these hemorrhagic stroke subtypes accounts for 5–10% of all strokes, with noticeable variations in incidence across geographic regions and racial/ethnic groups. Despite significant advancements in neurocritical care and preventative strategies, morbidity and mortality related to ICH and SAH continue to represent a substantial public health problem worldwide. Indeed, despite accounting for a minority of stroke cases, hemorrhagic stroke accounts for almost half of all stroke-related morbidity and mortality. An in-depth understanding of the genetic, personal, and environmental risk factors influencing hemorrhagic stroke risk will be crucial to implementing novel, effective primary and secondary prevention strategies aimed at preserving lives and preventing disability among at-risk individuals. This chapter will focus on presenting existing evidence on risk factors for ICH and SAH, aiming at providing a critical review of published studies and highlighting current unresolved epidemiological questions pertaining to hemorrhagic stroke.
Western Individualism and Psychotherapy: Exploring the Edges of Ecological Being:

This article will begin by outlining a taken-for-granted individualistic subject at the heart of Western psychotherapeutic theory and practice. It will offer a brief survey of critiques aimed at th...
Back to the Box: Using Lung Volumes to Predict Susceptibility to Develop Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Smokers

Background: Abnormal lung volumes that represent air trapping are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their clinical significance in those without spirometrically defin...
COMSOL multiphysics based modeling of coiled nylon actuator (Conference Presentation)

Coiled nylon actuator is an important field of actuators in soft robotics due to its negative thermal expansion, large actuation stroke and high force output. Coiled nylon actuators are easily manufactured and an inexpensive material. They are produced by attaching one end to a rotating motor and at the bottom to a suspended mass. The bottom end is constrained to prevent rotation in the axial direction. After coiling, it is annealed to reduce any internal strain. Its means of actuation is due to the torqueing behavior when heated which is induced by nylons thermal expansion, but by constraining the rotation, its response is to displace in the negative axial direction. The goal in this study is to capture the displacement and force output of the nylon actuator using COMSOL Multiphysics with the thermomechanical properties, heat and suspended mass (force) being the inputs of the model. The model will heavily rely on the classical lamination theory where the on-axis thermomechanical properties are obtained first and then the off-axis reduced stiffness matrix and effective coefficient of thermal expansion is obtained. The COMSOL Multiphysics displacement and force output results will be compared to experimentally obtained results. The experimental results will be obtained using a TA Instrument Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) which will be used to perform a strain controlled dynamic temperature scan at a frequency of 1 Hz on the nylon actuator. Temperature will be scanned from room temperature 24°C to 150°C at 1 °C/min.
Identifying metrics to predict annoyance due to Mach-cutoff flight ground signatures

Theoretically, Mach-cutoff flight under ideal atmospheric conditions could lead to boomless supersonic flight observed under the flight path on the ground. Such ideal atmospheric conditions refract the sonic boom waves upwards at the caustic line, so they do not reach the ground. This presentation describes the perception of the evanescent sound field below the flight path. The work investigates perceptual attributes and metrics related to these unique sounds. Annoyance and three other perceptual factors (“Thunderous,” “Rumbly,” and “Swooshing”) were analyzed through subjective testing using pair-wise comparison. Stimuli used were from recordings made during NASA’s “Farfield Investigation of No-boom Thresholds” (FaINT). Linear regression with principal component analysis indicated which perceptual factors contribute to annoyance, and stepwise regression identified candidate metrics for predicting annoyance. Traditional loudness metrics (i.e., weighted Sound Exposure Level) were analyzed alongside sonic-boom specific metrics (i.e., Perceived Loudness) and sound quality metrics (i.e., Sharpness). [Work supported by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and Energy through ASCENT, the FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and the Environment, Project 42 through FAA Award No. 13-C-AJFE-PSU under the supervision of Sandy Liu. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FAA.]
Targeting MYC activity in double-hit lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements with epigenetic bromodomain inhibitors

Double/triple-hit lymphomas (DHL/THL) account for 5–10% of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with rearrangement of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 resulting in MYC overexpression. Despite the poor prognosis of DHL, R-CHOP chemotherapy remains the treatment backbone and new targeted therapy is needed. We performed comprehensive cytogenetic studies/fluorescence in situ hybridization on DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines (n = 11) to identify the DHL/THL DLBCL in vitro model. We identified MYC/IG in Raji and Ramos (single hit); MYC/IG-BCL2 (DHL) in DOHH2, OCI-LY1, SUDHL2, and OCI-LY10; MYC/IG-BCL2/BCL6 (THL) in VAL; and no MYC rearrangement in U2932 and HBL1 (WT-MYC). Targeting MYC in the DHL/THL DLBCLs through bromodomain extra-terminal inhibitors (BETi) (JQ1, I-BET, and OTX015) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced proliferation, similar to WT-MYC cells, accompanied by decreased MYC but not BCL2 protein. Moreover, BETi suppressed MYC transcription and decreased BRD4 binding to MYC promoter in DHL cells. CD47 and PD-L1 are immunoregulatory molecules often expressed on tumors and regulated by MYC. High levels of surface CD47 but not surface PD-L1 was observed in DHL/THL, which was reduced by JQ1 treatment. BETi in combination with Pan-HDAC inhibitor had a limited effect on survival of DHL/THL, while combination of BETi and BCL2 inhibitor (ABT-199) had a significant (p < 0.005) inhibitory effect on survival followed by BCL-XL inhibition. Overall, the data suggests that MYC-expressing DLBCLs are probably addicted to the MYC-oncogenic effect regardless of MYC rearrangements. In summary, we identified an in vitro model for DHL/THL DLBCLs and provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of BET inhibitor alone or in combination with BCL2 inhibitor.
Game of clones: How measles remodels the B cell landscape

B cell receptor sequencing sheds light on how measles cripples the immune system long after recovery from clinical disease (see related Research Articles by Petrova et al. and Mina et al.).
An Approximation Algorithm for Distributed Resilient Submodular Maximization: Extended Abstract

We study a distributed coordination problem in which a group of robots collaborates to maximize a submodular objective function. We consider an adversarial scenario where a subset of the robots can be attacked and cannot contribute to the objective function. We do not know which robots will be attacked, but know an upper bound of how many can be attacked. We study the distributed version of the problem, where each robot must choose its own actions only by communicating with its neighbors. We present a distributed resilient submodular maximization algorithm that guarantees performance within a constant factor of the optimal. Our analysis uses the curvature of submodular set functions. We show that the algorithm is scalable, runs in polynomial time, and is faster than its centralized version. We demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm through simulations of a multi-robot target tracking scenario.
Frequency Estimation on Two-Span Continuous Bridges Using Dynamic Responses of Passing Vehicles

AbstractResearchers in the structural health monitoring field have recently focused on using instrumented vehicles, usually equipped with accelerometers, as mobile bridge inspection instruments. Th...
An Experimental Research Platform Architecture for UAS Communications and Networking

New use cases for advanced wireless technologies are emerging in the unmanned aerial systems (UAS) spaces. These put pressure on technology and regulation. The way to overcome this is to gain experience and collect data while operating UAS in production environments. To this end, we introduce AERPAW: Aerial Experimentation and Research Platform for Advanced Wireless, and present an architecture for designing a large-scale community testbed in a production-like environment to enable controllable experiments with latest wireless technologies and systems. Using advanced networking and virtualization technology to manage the platform resources, users will be able to configure the testbed for running a variety of at-scale experiments for UAS localization and tracking, networking, trajectory optimization, spectrum management, and aerial-terrestrial cellular network design and optimization based on 5G and software radio technology, among others.
Do Cognitive Therapy Skills Neutralize Lifetime Stress to Improve Treatment Outcomes in Recurrent Depression

Cognitive therapy (CT) is an efficacious treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but not all patients respond. Past research suggests that stressful life events (SLE; e.g., childhood maltreatment, emotional and physical abuse, relationship discord, physical illness) sometimes reduce the efficacy of depression treatment, whereas greater acquisition and use of CT skills may improve patient outcomes. In a sample of 276 outpatient participants with recurrent MDD, we tested the hypothesis that patients with more SLE benefit more from CT skills in attaining response and remaining free of relapse/recurrence. Patients with more pretreatment SLE did not develop weaker CT skills, on average, but were significantly less likely to respond to CT. However, SLE predicted non-response only for patients with relatively weak skills, and not for those with stronger CT skills. Similarly, among acute-phase responders, SLE increased risk for MDD relapse/recurrence among patients with weaker CT skills. Thus, the combination of more SLE and weaker CT skills forecasted negative outcomes. These novel findings are discussed in the context of improving CT for depression among patients with greater lifetime history of SLE and require replication before clinical application.
Bupivacaine Extended-Release Liposomal Injection Versus Bupivacaine HCl for Early Postoperative Pain Control Following Wrist Operations: A Prospective, Randomized Control Trial.

Purpose This study evaluated pain control after wrist operations using a long-acting local anesthetic, liposomal bupivacaine, compared with the standard local anesthetic, bupivacaine HCl. Methods Patients undergoing elective carpometacarpal joint arthroplasty and proximal row carpectomy were eligible. Those meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled before surgery and were randomized to receive an intraoperative injection of liposomal bupivacaine or bupivacaine HCl. Primary outcomes included intraoperative and postoperative opioid requirements and pain levels. On the first 4 postoperative days, phone contact assessed pain level by numeric rating scale, number of opioids taken in each 24-hour period, and efficacy of anesthesia and opioid side effects with overall benefit of analgesia score. Results Postoperative pain scores for 52 patients measured by numeric rating scale demonstrated that liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine HCl were similar for pain control. Pain scores and opioid use were similar during the first 4 postoperative days. Opioid use on day 1 was slightly lower with liposomal bupivacaine. There were no statistically significant differences in any postoperative outcome between groups. Conclusions Liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine HCl have similar effects in the treatment of early postoperative pain after trapeziometacarpal suspension arthroplasty and proximal row carpectomy. Neither drug demonstrated a clear advantage in this study. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic II.
Inferring the Spiking Rate of a Population of Neurons from Wide-Field Calcium Imaging

Wide-field calcium imaging techniques allow recordings of high resolution neuronal activity across one or multiple brain regions. However, since the recordings capture light emission generated by the fluorescence of the calcium indicator, the neural activity that drives the calcium changes is masked by the calcium indicator dynamics. Here we develop and test novel methods to deconvolve the calcium traces and reveal the underlying neural spiking rate. Our methods take into account both the noise existent in the recordings and the temporal dynamics of the calcium indicator response. Our first method retrieves firing rates that are constant over discrete time bins. The size of each time bin depends on the data and is determined dynamically. Our second method retrieves the rate as a continuous function and is meant for studies that look for slow rate fluctuations rather than abrupt changes. We compare our results with those of two alternative approaches: direct deconvolution using a 9first differences9 approach, and the 9Lucy-Richardson9 image recovery method, adapted to recover temporal dynamics. We show that our methods outperform competitors on synthetic data as well as on wide-field calcium recordings in which parallel spiking recording was performed.
Texception: A Character/Word-Level Deep Learning Model for Phishing URL Detection

Phishing is the starting point for many cyberattacks that threaten the confidentiality, availability and integrity of enterprises’ and consumers’ data. The URL of a web page that hosts the attack provides a rich source of information to determine the maliciousness of the web server. In this work, we propose a novel deep learning architecture, Texception, that takes a URL as input and predicts whether it belongs to a phishing attack. Architecturally, Texception uses both character-level and word-level information from the incoming URL and does not depend on manually crafted features or feature engineering. This makes it different from classical approaches. In addition, Texception benefits from multiple parallel convolutional layers and can grow deeper or wider. We show that this flexibility enables Texception to generalize better for new URLs. Our results on production data show that Texception is able to significantly outperform a traditional text classification method by increasing the true positive rate by 126.7% at an extremely low false positive rate (0.01%) which is crucial for our model’s healthy operation at internet scale.
SiPMs for direct scintillation light detection in noble liquids

The extremely low dark count rate of the state-of-the-art vacuum ultraviolet sensitive SiPMs working in cryogenic temperature is about five orders of magnitude lower than at room temperature. However, the dark rate or the corresponding dark current of the same SiPM working in purified noble liquids of Ar, Kr, and Xe are generally higher. We show that the higher dark rate is caused by the nonzero scintillation light events triggered by environmental radio-activity in an ordinary laboratory at sea-level. Although these background scintillation light in noble liquids are in single-photon low light level, in some applications it might be a nonnegligible background.
Identification of a New Allosteric Binding Site for Cocaine in Dopamine Transporter

Dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is a major target for psychostimulant drugs of abuse such as cocaine that competitively binds to DAT, inhibits DA reuptake, and consequently increases synaptic DA levels. In addition to the central binding site inside DAT, the available experimental evidence suggests the existence of alternative binding sites on DAT, but detection and characterization of these sites are challenging by experiments alone. Here, we integrate multiple computational approaches to probe the potential binding sites on the wild-type Drosophila melanogaster DAT and identify a new allosteric site that displays high affinity for cocaine. This site is located on the surface of DAT, and binding of cocaine is primarily dominated by interactions with hydrophobic residues surrounding the site. We show that cocaine binding to this new site allosterically reduces the binding of DA/cocaine to the central binding pocket, and simultaneous binding of two cocaine molecules to a single DAT seems infeasible. Furthermore, we find that binding of cocaine to this site stabilizes the conformation of DAT but alters the conformational population and thereby reduces the accessibility by DA, providing molecular insights into the inhibitory mechanism of cocaine. In addition, our results indicate that the conformations induced by cocaine binding to this site may be relevant to the oligomerization of DAT, highlighting a potential role of this new site in modulating the function of DAT.
International humanitarian law violations, legal responsibility, and US military support to the Saudi coalition in Yemen: a cautionary tale

This article considers international humanitarian law violations and legal responsibility in relation to US military support provided to the Saudi Arabia-led coalition fighting a non-international ...
Effects of Levodopa on Impairments to High-Level Vision in Parkinson's Disease.

Studies have reported that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with impairments on cognitive visual tasks. However, the effects of dopamine on cognitive vision remain equivocal. The purpose of this study was to examine performance on cognitive vision tasks in persons with PD and the effects of levodopa on these tasks. Fourteen individuals with PD and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy older adults completed the study. Participants with PD completed the visual tasks following a 12-hour withdrawal of dopaminergic medication and again 1 hour after taking 1.5 times their normal dose of levodopa. Healthy older adults completed the visual tasks twice using the same session format. Five complex visual tasks were completed, including line discrimination, object discrimination, facial discrimination, visual working memory, and object rotation. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale was also collected off and on medication. Participants with PD performed significantly worse than the healthy older adults across all five visual tasks. There were no significant differences in performance between the off and on medication state in persons with PD. This finding indicates either that dopamine deficiency may not be responsible for cognitive visual impairments in PD or that cognitive visual impairments in PD might simply be the result of deficits in more basic visual processing.
Robust Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia Using a Deep Neural Network

Machine learning has become increasingly useful in various medical applications. One such case is the automatic categorization of ECG voltage data. A method of categorization is proposed that works in real time to provide fast and accurate classifications of heart beats. This proposed method uses machine learning principles to allow for results to be determined based on a training dataset. The goal of this project is to develop a method of automatically classifying heartbeats that can be done on a low level and run on portable hardware.
Development of a Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict Nonroutine Discharge Following Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Reliable and effective prediction of discharge destination following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) can optimize patient outcomes and system expenditure. The purpose of this study is to develop a machine learning algorithm that can predict nonhome discharge in patients undergoing UKA. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively collected national surgical outcomes database was performed to identify adult patients who underwent UKA from 2015 to 2019. Nonroutine discharge was defined as discharge to a location other than home. Five machine learning algorithms were developed to predict this outcome. Performance of the algorithms was assessed through discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis. Results Overall, of the 7275 patients included, 263 (3.6) patients were unable to return home upon discharge following UKA. The factors determined most important for identification of candidates for nonroutine discharge were total hospital length of stay, preoperative hematocrit, body mass index, preoperative sodium, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, gender, and functional status. The extreme boosted model achieved the best performance based on discrimination (area under the curve = 0.875), calibration, and decision curve analysis. This model was integrated into a web-based open access application able to provide both predictions and explanations. Conclusion The present model can, following appropriate external validation, be used to augment clinician decision-making in patients undergoing elective UKA. Patients with high preoperative probabilities of nonroutine discharge based on nonmodifiable risk factors should be counseled to start the insurance authorization process with case management to avoid unnecessary inpatient stay, and those with modifiable risk can attempt prehabilitation to optimize these parameters before surgery.
Racial/ethnic disparities in depression treatment for caregivers investigated by the U.S. child welfare system.

Abstract Objective To determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in depression treatment for caregivers investigated by the US child welfare system. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being, a nationally representative sample of children and caregivers investigated by US child welfare agencies (February 2008–April 2009). We included permanent caregivers who met criteria for major depression and had available covariate data (n = 908). In multivariable logistic regression models, we estimated the associations between caregiver race/ethnicity and past-year receipt of: any depression treatment, minimally adequate depression treatment, and depression treatment from 4 sectors (general medical, psychiatry, nonpsychiatry mental health, and human services). We controlled for clinical need and access variables according to the Institute of Medicine's definition of health care disparities. Results Black caregivers had the lowest rates of treatment receipt of any racial/ethnic group, with 42.2% receiving any depression treatment and 17.2% receiving minimally adequate depression treatment in the past year. In multivariable analyses controlling for clinical need and access variables, Black caregivers were less likely than White caregivers to receive any depression treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.24–0.97]), minimally adequate depression treatment (OR = 0.37 [95% CI: 0.16–0.85]), and depression treatment from the general medical sector (OR = 0.40 [95% CI: 0.18–0.89]) in the past year (all P Conclusions Future research should examine the underlying mechanisms of Black-White disparities in depression treatment for caregivers involved with the US child welfare system and develop targeted interventions to promote equitable mental health care for this highly vulnerable population.
Examining the Role of Peer Support on Work Experiences for Young Women With Disabilities

This study examined the protective effect of perceived peer support on involvement in work experiences in a sample of 366 young women receiving special education services in 26 high schools. Career...