cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theory and application of static field inhomogeneity effects in gradient‐echo imaging

The influence of local static magnetic field inhomogeneities on gradient-echo imaging is discussed and the underlying theoretical aspects are reviewed. A high-resolution approach is suggested to suppress image distortion and restore signal loss due to spin dephasing. Acquisition of three-dimensional data sets not only overcomes part of the limitations associated with gradient echoes but also makes it possible to extract local information about the strength or direction of background gradients and relative susceptibility changes between different tissues. Applications of the suggested approach in the human brain for anatomical imaging as well as for extraction of physical and physiological parameters are presented and discussed.
RESTRUCTURING LOCAL ECONOMIES THROUGH NEGOTIATED INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

This article examines an experimental process called the Negotiated Investment Strategy (NIS). The NIS, a method for coordinating federal, state, and local (public and private) expenditures at the community level, has been tested in three midwestern communities: St. Paul, Minnesota; Columbus, Ohio; and Gary, Indiana. The article describes the assumptions which underlie the concept, results of the three-city experiments, and speculates on the potential of the NIS for restructuring local economies. Particular attention is given to evaluating the SIS as a process intervention which could assist communities undergoing traumatic economic change.
“Dispersion” in Time-Distance Helioseismology

In time-distance helioseismology, travel time is the time taken by a wave packet to travel between two spatially separated locations on the surface of the Sun. It is computed by cross-correlating oscillation signals at the two locations and identifying the position of the envelope peak of the cross-correlation function, or the position of one of its phase peaks, as the travel time. The wave packet spectrum is a subset of the signal spectra. Adding more frequencies to the wave packet spectrum is shown to not necessarily narrow the width of the envelope of the cross-correlation function. "Dispersion" in the travel time across the spectrum restricts the minimum width of the cross-correlation function and shifts the position of the envelope and phase peaks as a function of the central frequency and width of the wave packet spectrum. Wave packets at the surface of polytropes show no dispersion in travel time; hence, Gaussian spectra yield Gaussian envelopes, and envelope widths at constant central frequency go to zero with increasing spectral width, showing no shift in the envelope peak or phase peaks. In the Sun, however, dispersion is inherent: Envelope and phase peaks are functions of the central frequency and width of the spectrum, and Gaussian spectra do not yield Gaussian envelopes and can even conspire to resemble a sum of two or more Gaussians.
Sharing the Baton, Not Passing It: Collaboration between Public and Private Child Welfare Agencies to Reunify Families

ABSTRACT Increasingly, public sector child welfare agencies are contracting with private agencies for the provision of specialized services to clients while maintaining oversight and case management responsibilities. At the same time, funders, both private and public, are demanding that service providers partner and collaborate with one another. In this article, we present results from a study of a unique partnership between two state child welfare agencies and a private child welfare agency aimed at reunifying families whose children have been removed and placed in foster care. Data was obtained from 41 key informants using a questionnaire and a structured interview. Findings support earlier studies of collaboration, and indicate the strengths of this partnership and factors that facilitated and hindered it. The results have implications for agencies that both contract for and provide a range of child welfare services as well as other interagency relationships.
v4v: a View for the Viewer

We present a View for the Viewer (v4v), a slide viewer that focuses on the needs of the viewer of a presentation instead of the presenter. Our design centers on representing the deck of slides as a stack embedded in a 3-D world. With only single button clicks, the viewer can quickly and easily navigate the deck of slides. We provide four types of annotation techniques and have designed a synchronization mechanism that makes it easy for the viewer to move in and out of sync with the presenter. We also supply alarms as a method for viewer notification. We evaluate our approach with a preliminary user study resulting in positive feedback about our design plus suggestions for improvements and extensions.
Supporting digital video in a managed wireless network

Several problems have to be overcome before personalized interactive video communication services over radio frequency networks can become a reality. The challenge of being able to support wireless video services is significant since video is generally recognized as being bandwidth-hungry, error-sensitive, and sometimes delay-intolerant; radio channels, on the other hand, are characterized as having limited capacity and high bit error rates, and being time-varying. Under such hostile conditions the author explores issues in supporting real-time digital video communications over infrastructure-based wireless networks. The guiding philosophy behind the work described is that robust wireless video communications is possible if the different components within the network, operating system, and application layers cooperate with one another and with the overall system.
STUDIES IN THE BLOOD CYTOLOGY OF THE RABBIT : IV. CONSECUTIVE NEUTROPHILE, BASOPHILE, AND EOSINOPHILE OBSERVATIONS ON GROUPS OF NORMAL RABBITS

Consecutive weekly observations on the neutrophile, the basophile, and the eosinophile counts of the peripheral blood were made on 5 groups of normal rabbits, a total of 45 animals, during a period of 20 months from October, 1927 to July, 1929. Individual groups were examined 8 to 35 weeks. In the case of the 4 groups followed 13 to 35 weeks, the general trend of the neutrophile cells was towards increased mean values; with the group followed 8 weeks, decreasing values were found. An increase in the mean values of the basophile cells was observed in the two groups of rabbits followed in 1927–28; in the groups of 1928–29, the mean values decreased. The mean values of the eosinophile cells showed no definite trends but the findings were characterized by abrupt and marked fluctuations. The periods of greatest irregularity in mean neutrophile and eosinophile values occurred in the fall and the late winter and spring months of both years, but in the case of the basophiles, the irregularities were distributed throughout the first year and occurred chiefly in the winter months of the second year. The major trends and many of the minor fluctuations as well which were observed in the mean cell values of one group of rabbits were also generally seen in another group examined during the same months. The general levels of the neutrophile, the basophile, and the eosinophile mean values in the groups examined during 1927–28 were higher than in the groups of 1928–29.
Effects of Circumscribed Interests on the Social Behaviors of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

This study compared the effects of circumscribed interests (CI) to less preferred (LP) tangible stimuli on the social behaviors of three children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on single subject design methodology, the CI experimental sessions resulted in longer durations of target-child initiated social interactions in comparison to LP sessions. In addition, latency of participant's initial social bids to peers was decreased when CI were present. The results suggest that embedding CI into dyadic play situations with typical peers can be used to increase the social behavior children with ASD direct toward typical peers. Future research should examine the specific environmental conditions that must be present in naturalistic settings to facilitate generalization of social behavior.
Region-based connectivity - a new paradigm for design of fault-tolerant networks

The studies in fault-tolerance in networks mostly focus on the connectivity of the graph as the metric of faulttolerance. If the underlying graph is k-connected, it can tolerate up to k — 1 failures. In measuring the fault tolerance in terms of connectivity, no assumption regarding the locations of the faulty nodes are made - the failed nodes may be close to each other or far from each other. In other words, the connectivity metric has no way of capturing the notion of locality of faults. However in many networks, faults may be highly localized. This is particularly true in military networks, where an enemy bomb may inflict massive but localized damage to the network. To capture the notion of locality of faults in a network, a new metric region-based connectivity (RBC) was introduced in [1]. It was shown that RBC can achieve the same level of fault-tolerance as the metric connectivity, with much lower networking resources. The study in [1] was restricted to single region fault model (SRFM), where faults are confined to one region only. In this paper, we extend the notion of RBC to multiple region fault model (MRFM), where faults are no longer confined to a single region. As faults in MRFM are still confined to regions, albeit multiple of them, it is different from unconstrained fault model where no constraint on locality of faults is imposed. The MRFM leads to several new concepts, such as region-disjoint paths and region cuts. We show that the classical result, the maximum number of node-disjoint paths between a pair of nodes is equal to the minimum number of nodes whose removal disconnects the pair, is no longer valid when region-disjoint paths and region cuts are considered. We prove that the problems of finding (i) the maximum number of region-disjoint paths between a pair of nodes, and (ii) minimum number of regions whose removal disconnect a pair of nodes, are both NP-complete. We provide heuristic solution to these two problems and evaluate their efficacy by comparing the results with optimal solutions.
Agent-based modeling of electric power markets

A novel agent-based model, the Electricity Market Complex Adaptive System (EMCAS) model, is designed to study market restructuring and the impact of new technologies on the power grid. The agent-based approach captures the complex interactions between the physical infrastructure and the economic behaviors of various agents operating in an electricity market. The electric power system model consists of power generating plants, transmission lines, and load centers. The electric power market is composed of generating company agents who bid capacity and prices into power pools administered by an Independent System Operator (ISO). The ISO agent balances supply and demand for day-ahead markets. EMCAS also simulates real-time market operation to account for the uncertainties in day-ahead forecasts and availability of generating units. This paper describes the model, its implementation, and its use to address questions of congestion management, price forecasting, market design, and market power.
VANDAL: A tool for the design specification of nanophotonic networks

Continuing to scale CMP performance at reasonable power budgets has forced chip designers to consider emerging silicon-photonic technologies as the primary means of on- and off-chip communication. Different designs for chip-scale photonic interconnects have been proposed, and system-level simulations have shown them to be far superior to purely electronic network solutions. However, specifying the exact geometries for all the photonic devices used in these networks is currently a time-consuming and difficult manual process. We present VANDAL, a layout tool which provides a user with semi-automatic assistance for placing silicon photonic devices, modifying their geometries, and routing waveguides for hierarchically building photonic networks. VANDAL also includes SCILL, a scripting language that can be used to automate photonic device place and route for repeatability, automation, verification, and scaling. We demonstrate some of the features and flexibility of the CAD environment with a case study, designing modulator and detector banks for integrated photonic links.
Encountering women veterans with military sexual trauma.

PURPOSE: As women veterans (WVs) are returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom with military sexual trauma (MST), the purpose of this article is twofold. First, important exploratory questions that can assist with a thorough assessment and history are presented as well as the applicable treatment for any new, recurrent, or unresolved symptoms that involve MST. DESIGN AND METHODS: Review of multiple literary materials, as well as a clinical situation. FINDINGS: WVs will be encountered in a variety of military or civilian primary and community care healthcare settings. Every woman (and man) in the civilian sector should be asked, "Have you ever served in the military?" PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Recognition, acknowledgment, and applicable interventions for MST and associated comorbidities, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, are presented as currently 80-90% of MST experiences have gone unreported. Immediate treatment and follow-up are critical for the well-being of the WVs. Language: en
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RAT SYNAPTOSOME FRACTIONS DURING NEONATAL DEVELOPMENT

A biochemical and quantitative morphologic study of presynaptic endings during postnatal development was carried out in subcellular fractions from cerebral cortex of 1, 4, 8, 12, and 18 day old and adult rats. Crude mitochondrial fractions were subfractionated in Ficoll gradients and all resulting fractions were examined in the electron microscope. Presynaptic terminals and other intact processes were counted. Protein content and enzyme activities were assayed in the fractions and in total brain homogenate. In the first and fourth day of life, most of the presynaptic terminals were found in two "light" fractions, between supernatant and 7.5% Ficoll, where they accounted, respectively, for 6 and 22% of all the processes. Progressively with age, more presynaptic terminals were found in the traditional "synaptosomal" fractions between 7.5 and 13% Ficoll. In that region of the gradient, 40, 54, 75, and 89% of the processes were presynaptic endings at 8, 12, and 18 postnatal days and in the adult animal, respectively. A similar shift from the lighter to the heavier fractions was observed in the distribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase between days 8 and 12. The rate of increase of the specific activity of these two enzymes paralleled that of the percentage of the presynaptic endings after day 8. This study indicates that subcellular fractions can be used to study formation and maturation of synapses during postnatal development.
Improving the performance of physiologic hot flash measures with support vector machines

Hot flashes are experienced by over 70% of menopausal women. Criteria to classify hot flashes from physiologic signals show variable performance. The primary aim was to compare conventional criteria to Support Vector Machines (SVMs), an advanced machine learning method, to classify hot flashes from sternal skin conductance. Thirty women with � 4 hot flashes/day underwent laboratory hot flash testing with skin conductance measurement. Hot flashes were quantified with conventional (� 2 mmho, 30 s) and SVM methods. Conventional methods had poor sensitivity (sensitivity 5 0.41, specificity 5 1, positive predictive value (PPV) 5 0.94, negative predictive value (NPV) 5 0.85) in classifying hot flashes, with poorest performance among women with high body mass index or anxiety. SVM models showed improved performance (sensitivity 5 0.89, specificity 5 0.96, PPV 5 0.85, NPV 5 0.96). SVM may improve the performance of skin conductance measures of hot flashes. Descriptors: Menopause, Anxiety, Behavioral medicine, Sensation/perception, Age, Electrodermal
Places or polygons? Governmentality, scale, and the census in the Gay and Lesbian Atlas

This paper responds to recent calls for a Foucauldian population geography by critically analysing the 2004 Gay and Lesbian Atlas (a US-oriented product of demographers at Washington, DC's Urban Institute, a public policy ‘think tank’). We employ a framework that foregrounds issues of governmentality, sexuality, gender and scale to explore how both the Atlas and the 2000 US Census from which the Atlas's data are drawn socially construct, for governmental purposes, certain sexualised populations and spaces. We pay particular attention to the power of scale-framing in this process by varying the spatial scales at which location quotients for same-sex households are situated for census tracts in Seattle. Following the Atlas's classification and coding algorithms, we show how the resulting cartography can reveal elements of a population that has previously been invisible in the census – but only relative to certain larger scales. The question of scale therefore becomes an important matter of governmentality, rather than solely a technical issue. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic variation in a geographically restricted and two widespread species of South American Nothofagus

The amount and distribution of genetic variation is compared using starch get electrophoresis among populations of the three evergreen species of South American Nothofagus: the geographically restricted Nothofagus nitida (Phil.) Krasser and the widespread Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Oerst. and Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. Ten enzyme systems were resolved coding for fifteen putative genetic loci. N. betuloides and N. dombeyi were more genetically variable than N. nitida; they had higher total number of alleles, mean number of alleles per locus, percent of polymorphic loci, mean expected heterozygosity, and mean total genetic diversity. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that widespread species are often associated with historically large and more continuously distributed populations which in turn can maintain higher levels of genetic variation. Conversely, the genetic structure of N. nitida including its low genetic identity with the other two species and the presence of four unique alleles support the hypothesis that N. nitida has been isolated from the other two species for a considerable period of time. Genetic data in concert with the fossil record indicate that these taxa may be members of a pre-Pleistocene flora and consequently their genetic structures reflect a more ancient evolutionary history than previously hypothesized.
A recombinant Leishmania antigen that stimulates human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to express a Th1-type cytokine profile and to produce interleukin 12

Leishmania braziliensis causes cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis in humans. Most patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis heal spontaneously and may therefore have developed protective immunity. There appears to be a mixed cytokine profile associated with active cutaneous or mucosal disease, and a dominant T helper (Th)1-type response associated with healing. Leishmanial antigens that elicit these potent proliferative and cytokine responses from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are now being identified. Herein, we report on the cloning and expression of a L. braziliensis gene homologous to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eIF4A (LeIF) and patient PBMC responses to rLeIF. Patients with mucosal and self-healing cutaneous disease had significantly higher proliferative responses than those with cutaneous lesions. Whereas the parasite lysate stimulated patient PBMC to produce a mixed Th1/Th2-type cytokine profile, LeIF stimulated the production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha but not IL-4 or IL-10. Recombinant LeIF (rLeIF) downregulated both IL-10 mRNA in the "resting" PBMC of leishmaniasis patients and LPS-induced IL-10 production by patient PBMC. rLeIF also stimulated the production of IL-12 in cultured PBMC from both patients and uninfected individuals. The production of IFN-gamma by patient PBMC stimulated with either rLeIF or parasite lysate was IL-12 dependent, whereas anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody only partially blocked the LeIF-induced production of IL-12. In vitro production of both IFN-gamma and IL-12 was abrogated by exogenous human recombinant IL-10. Therefore, we have identified a recombinant leishmanial antigen that elicits IL-12 production and Th1-type responses in patients as well as IL-12 production in normal human PBMC.
Ductile Fuse Connectors for Hybrid Masonry Systems

The National Science Foundation is funding hybrid masonry research to investigate the seismic strength, behavior, and performance of structural steel frames braced with hybrid masonry. One aspect of the research is a sub-study performed at the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM) to investigate the strength and behavior of steel connector plates that transfer story shears from the structural steel frame to the masonry panels. Results of this sub-study were then used in large-scale testing at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). The primary goal of the study was to determine whether the connector plates can be developed as ductile fusible links for the overall system under seismic events. This paper presents the results of a series of experiments performed in the structures laboratory at UHM. Details of the experiments are summarized and sample results are presented that illustrate expected behavior of the connector plates, bolts and masonry for the large-scale experiments performed at UIUC. Some connectors were designed as link plates with sufficient strength to transfer full story shears to masonry panels without yielding, whereas other connectors were designed to behave as energy dissipating ductile fuses. These fuse plates will absorb most of the seismic deformation, thereby protecting the masonry and steel frame elements from damage. The fuses can then be replaced after the earthquake to restore the hybrid masonry system to its original condition.
Comparison of absolute photoelectron fluxes measured on AE-C and AE-E with theoretical fluxes and predicted and measured N2 2PG 3371A volume emission rates

As part of the continuing effort to improve the accuracy of the absolute measurements of the ambient photoelectron flux in the thermosphere from the Atmosphere Explorer Satellite Photoelectron Spectrometer experiments (PES), we present a detailed comparison ofexperimental photoelectron fluxes from AE-C and AE-E together with theoretical calculations ofthe ambient flux for the same geophysical conditions. As an additional check, the various experimental and theoretical fluxes are used to calculate the expected N, 2PG (0,O) volume emission rate expected at 3371A and these results are compared to AE-C Visible Airglow Experimental (VAE) experimental results. The comparisons clearly show that because of spacecraft shielding of the sensor on AE-C, the agreement with AE-E spectra for similar geophysical conditions ranges from good when shielding is minimal to poor for severe shielding cases. The calculated fluxes are lower by approx. a factor of 1.52.0in absolute magnitude than the AE-E or unshielded AE-C fluxes. The N, 2PG volume emission rates calculated from the measured ambient electron fluxes overestimate the measured VAE volume emission rates by 2&30x while those calculated from the theoretical fluxes underestimate the measured emission rate by typically 30%. These data suggest therefore that the measured AE-E fluxes are 2@30% high.
The Effect of Customers' Emotional Responses to Service Failures on Their Recovery Effort Evaluations and Satisfaction Judgments

This study examines the role of customer emotions in the context of service failure and recovery encounters. It investigates how customers' emotional responses to service failures influence their satisfaction judgments after accounting for cognitive antecedents of satisfaction. The study also considers how customers' emotional responses to service failures influence how they evaluate an organization's recovery efforts. The research is conducted by surveying customers about their satisfaction judgments in two service settings, restaurants and hotels. The results suggest that customers' emotional responses to service failures will influence their recovery effort evaluations and satisfaction judgments in some circumstances and that the effects of emotion vary across industry settings. This study identifies the types of efforts that are most effective in helping customers “recover” from the negative emotions caused by service failures.
Clinical Evaluation of the Shoulder Shrug Sign

The ''shrug sign'' (inability to lift the arm to 90 abduction without elevating the whole scapula or shoulder girdle) has been associated with a diagnosis of rotator cuff disease. Based on our clinical experience, we hypothesized the shrug sign is not a specific diagnostic sign for this condition, but rather is associated with various shoulder conditions and shoulder weakness and loss of range of motion. We retrospectively reviewed 982 con- secutive patients who had been examined preoperatively for the shrug sign. A positive shrug sign was present in 51.3% of the patients, and the average distance lost from the horizontal was 20.5 ± 2.2 (standard error of mean). Increasing age was associated with the presence of a shrug sign. The highest incidence was in patients with adhesive capsulitis (94.7%). The shrug sign was not sensitive for tendinosis, partial rotator cuff tears, or full-thickness or massive rotator cuff tears. The shrug sign was associated with weakness in abduction, night pain, and loss of range of motion, especially passive abduction. Although the shrug sign is useful as a general sign of shoulder abnor- mality, particularly when associated with stiffness, it was not specific or sensitive for rotator cuff problems. Level of Evidence: Level II, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effective dynamical model for the kaon decay ΔI=1/2 rule

Light plane quark wave functions quantitatively predict and effective ΔI=1/2 s-d weak self-energy hadronized transition 〈π|Hweff|K〉 which in turn reflects the experimental ΔI=1/2 scale for kaon decays and, in particular, closely matches the K0→π+π- and K0→π0π0 decay amplitudes.
catena-Poly[[μ-bromido-(μ-hydroxydi-2-pyridylmethano­lato-κ4N,O:O,N′)dicopper(II)(Cu—Cu)]-di-μ-bromido]

The title complex, [Cu2Br3(C11H9N2O2)]n, was one of three isolated by slow evaporation of an acetonitrile reaction mixture of CuBr2 with di-2-pyridyl ketone (1:1 molar ratio). The title complex contains a 2:1 metal-to-ligand ratio of copper(II) with the hydrated form of the ligand, di-2-pyridylmethane­diol. The two copper centers are bridged by a bromide ion and the alk­oxy O atom, and the Cu—Cu distance is 2.9801 (5) A. The dimeric units are further linked by bromide ions, leading to a two-dimensional extended bridged structure. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present in the crystal structure.
Role of the laboratory in diagnosis of organic acidurias

Clinical signs and symptoms of organic acidurias are usually subtle and non-specific. Laboratory evaluation, therefore, is usually the only conclusive way to reach a definitive diagnosis. Defects of amino acid catabolism generally caused by diminished activity or complete absence of specific enzymes usually occurs at the later stages of a pathway and results in organic aciduria. Most of these acids are effectively cleared from the blood by the kidneys, resulting in their concentration in urine to exceed greatly that in serum. Therefore, the detection of increased organic acids is greatly facilitated by a urine assay. The use of dual capillary column gas chromatography should allow the unambiguous determination of all known organic aciduria. Using this method provides a cost-effective alternative to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
A Calibration Standard for Two-Dimensional Angle-Resolved Low-Coherence Interferometry

We have developed phantoms for use with two-dimensional angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Here we demonstrate standardized multi-scale structural information for light scattering measurements.
Susceptibilities of enterovirus D68, enterovirus 71, and rhinovirus 87 strains to various antiviral compounds.

Abstract Compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells against a recent 2014 clinical isolate of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a 1962 strain of EV-68D, rhinovirus 87 (RV-87, serologically the same as EV-D68), and enterovirus 71 (EV-71). Test substances included known-active antipicornavirus agents (enviroxime, guanidine HCl, pirodavir, pleconaril, and rupintrivir), nucleobase/nucleoside analogs (3-deazaguanine and ribavirin), and three novel epidithiodiketopiperazines (KCN-2,2′-epi-19, KCN-19, and KCN-21). Of these, rupintrivir was the most potent, with 50% inhibition of viral cytopathic effect (EC 50 ) and 90% inhibition (EC 90 ) of virus yield at 0.0022–0.0053 μM against EV-D68. Enviroxime, pleconaril and the KCN compounds showed efficacy at 0.01–0.3 μM; 3-deazaguanine and pirodavir inhibited EV-D68 at 7–13 μM, and guanidine HCl and ribavirin were inhibitory at 80–135 μM. Pirodavir was active against EV-71 (EC 50 of 0.78 μM) but not against RV-87 or EV-D68, and all other compounds were less effective against EV-71 than against RV-87 and EV-D68. The most promising compound inhibiting both virus infections at low concentrations was rupintrivir. Antiviral activity was confirmed for the ten compounds in virus yield reduction (VYR) assays in RD cells, and for enviroxime, guanidine HCl, and pirodavir by cytopathic effect (CPE) assays in A549, HeLa-Ohio-1, and RD cells. These studies may serve as a basis for further pre-clinical discovery of anti-enterovirus inhibitors. Furthermore, the antiviral profiles and growth characteristics observed herein support the assertion that EV-D68 should be classified together with RV-87.
Social Issues in Management Research Experts' Views, Analysis, and Commentary

This article reports the findings, analysis, and commentary on survey results of academicians in the Social Issues in Management (SIM) field. The three major themes guiding the study were (a) curre...
Analysis and Application of Australia's Language Teaching Methodology

The introduction of Australia s language teaching methodologies gives us a good opportunity ot comprehending more directly international advanced education concepts. In langnage teaching, it should be put more emphasis on how to create language acquisition contexts, how to stimulate students learning motivation and to introduce foreign cultural backgrounds so that the students ability of language communication and application can be improved ultimately. Upon reflection and analysis on Australia's language teaching methodologies, the author makes suggestions on how to put them into use.
Study on the Changes of Cytokines and the Effect of Intervention during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Objective To investigate the changes of cytokines during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and whether fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP)can reduce the cytokines which induced by cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods sixty-three patients with congenital heart diseases were randomly divided into two groups.In treated group(n=30);FDP(200 mg·kg-1)was added into the prime fluid before CPB,but in control group(n=33);no FDP was added.Blood samples were drawn at 3 time points:before CPB;3 h after CPB;48 h after CPB,The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-a),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-8(IL-8)in plasma level were measured by ELESIA.Results The difference of concentration of TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8 levels of two groups showed no statisitic significance at before CPB and four-eight hours after CPB(P0.05),but they still remained significantly high in control group at 3 hours after CPB(P0.01).Conclusion The concentration of cytokines were significantly elevated after CPB which is the important factor resulting in systemic inflammatory response.FDP can reduce the concentration of TNF-α、IL-6 and IL-8 in plasma after CPB.It suggests that the FDP may alleviate the systemic inflammatory response after CPB.
Personnel Safety in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

The use of animals in research, testing, and teaching creates unique occupational risks that need to be considered and managed for the safety of personnel. This chapter will review regulations and other resources that provide guidance on the management of risks associated with animal research and occupational health programs for personnel. It will discuss the expectations and responsibilities of the institution, and the organizations and individuals involved in overseeing and participating in animal research and the occupational safety inherent to the field. Types of hazards and risks associated with animal research will be described, and recommendations for best practices for management of hazardous activities and prevention of injury or illness will be discussed.
Flare Path: Trapped Words as Mines

In Flare Path Rattigan focuses on the generation that fought World War II, as exemplified by RAF flyers who live at a residential hotel near the airfield, particularly one pilot who, while he appears jaunty and carefree about his dangerous bombing missions, secretly becomes sick with fear in every mission. He conceals his fear from his men because he feels a responsibility to give them confidence, and he conceals it from his wife who is planning to leave him for a fading movie star. When he finally confesses to her and she thereby feels needed by him, she rejects her movie star and commits to staying with her husband. In this drama of held-back words, Rattigan continues to develop his art of understatement, communicating the thoughts and feelings of his characters by having them not articulate those feelings until the articulation will have maximum impact. Rattigan sews the play with examples of written language that allegorize both the way playwriting as an art depends on subtext and needs to be translated to communicate and the way in life we often do not manage to say what we mean to say. As in After the Dance, the males are weak or wounded and the women are either afraid to be humiliated in their sexual love or sacrifice themselves in some way for the sake of the males.
A New Approach to Measuring the Rate of Rapid Bicarbonate Exchange across Membranes

This is a description of a new method for measuring the rate of rapid bicarbonate exchange across membranes, including a description of the inhibition of the bicarbonate exchange across the rat erythrocyte membrane by sodium picrate. The method is based on the measurement, by mass spectrometry, of the rate of depletion of 18O from labeled bicarbonate dissolved in a solution in which red cells are suspended. The rate of this depletion depends (a) on the rate of diffusion of labeled bicarbonate into the cell, (b) on the rate of chemical reaction of labeled bicarbonate to form labeled carbon dioxide, which then diffuses across the membrane, and (c) on the rate of carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed depletion inside the cell. Expressions are derived for the permeability constant of the cell membrane to bicarbonate and the rate constant for the catalyzed, intracellular dehydration of bicarbonate in terms of the rates of depletion of 18O from bicarbonate. The contribution of labeled CO2 diffusion across the membrane, factor (b) above, is estimated by assuming that labeled CO2 generated intracellularly does not accumulate in the suspending solution, but is depleted of its label inside the cell. This assumption is not rigorously verified and is a possible source of error in separating the bicarbonate flux from the CO2 flux. This method is most accurate in regions above pH 9 and is restricted to cells containing carbonic anhydrase. At pH 9.6 and 25° the permeability constant of the rat erythrocyte membrane to bicarbonate is (1.81 ± 0.12) x 10-4 cm/sec, giving a half-time of 0.13 ± 0.02 sec for the exchange of bicarbonate in the cell. The rate constant for the catalyzed, intracellular dehydration of bicarbonate is 3.3 ± 0.4 sec-1. P, calculated in this way, was found to increase when the pH of the red cell suspension was decreased.
A pilot study of physical activity and sedentary behavior distribution patterns in older women

The study aims were to investigate free-living physical activity and sedentary behavior distribution patterns in a group of older women, and assess the cross-sectional associations with body mass index (BMI). Eleven older women (mean (SD) age: 77 (9) yrs) wore custom-built activity monitors, each containing a tri-axial accelerometer (±16g, 100Hz), on the waist and ankle for lab-based walking trials and 4 days in free-living. Daily active time, step counts, cadence, and sedentary break number were estimated from acceleration data. The sedentary bout length distribution and sedentary time accumulation pattern, using the Gini index, were investigated. Associations of the parameters' total daily values and coefficients of variation (CVs) of their hourly values with BMI were assessed using linear regression. The algorithm demonstrated median sensitivity, positive predictive value, and agreement values >98% and <1% mean error in cadence calculations with video identification during lab trials. Participants' sedentary bouts were found to be power law distributed with 56% of their sedentary time occurring in 20min bouts or longer. Meaningful associations were detectable in the relationships of total active time, step count, sedentary break number and their CVs with BMI. Active time and step counts had moderate negative associations with BMI while sedentary break number had a strong negative association. Active time, step count and sedentary break number CVs also had strong positive associations with BMI. The results highlight the importance of measuring sedentary behavior and suggest a more even distribution of physical activity throughout the day is associated with lower BMI.
Emerging Therapies for Acne Vulgaris.

As we gain a greater understanding of acne pathogenesis, both new agents as well as new uses for established drugs are being considered for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Multiple clinical trials assessing new formulations or combinations of established acne treatments have been conducted, and novel uses of antimicrobials such as modified diallyl disulfide oxide and nitric oxide are being assessed in clinical trials. There are also a multitude of new therapies currently being studied that target the inflammatory cascade of acne pathogenesis, including sebosuppressive and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, and small molecule inhibitors targeting sebaceous glands and enzymes, among others. Laser and light therapy is also being modified for the treatment of acne through combination methods with metal nanoshells and vacuum assistance. Probiotics have gained popularity in medicine as greater knowledge of the microbiome and its effects on multiple organ systems is being elucidated. Studies describing the positive effects of certain ammonia-oxidizing bacterial strains in the regulation of the skin’s inflammatory response are ongoing. Therapies for acne are constantly evolving and current gold-standard acne therapy may be supplemented with novel treatment modalities in the near future.
Hurst and Fourier Analysis

Although the primary focus of this text is on fractal surfaces, there are some tools which can be best introduced using other data types. Fourier analysis is most often applied to time-varying signals. Likewise, Hurst, or rescaled range analysis of fractals was initially performed on time-based historical data (Hurst, Black et al. 1965). Consider a record of some temporal phenomenon, such as the annual flood of the Nile river, or daily temperature readings, or the Dow-Jones industrial average. These examples and many others exhibit the same kind of self-similarity we have been discussing in earlier chapters.
Vesicular transport of soluble substances into mouse milk.

Utilizing a novel protocol to study transport of substances into mouse milk in situ, we have shown that many “fluid-phase” markers are taken up by mammary epithelial cells and deposited in milk. Since the tight junctions are closed and impermeable even to small molecules, extra-alveolar substances (those not synthesized by the alveolar cells) must be transported into the milk by the epithelial cells themselves. The markers we have used include dextran, lucifer yellow dye, horseradish peroxidase, and albumin. Using these markers and immunostaining for endogenous proteins, we have visualized transcytotic vesicles involved in transporting these markers to milk.
Combination of cabazitaxel and plicamycin induces cell death in drug resistant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Bone marrow microenvironment mediated downregulation of BCL6 is critical for maintaining cell quiescence and modulating therapeutic response in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the present study, we have performed a high throughput cell death assay using BCL6 knockdown REH ALL cell line to screen a library of FDA-approved oncology drugs. In the process, we have identified a microtubule inhibitor, cabazitaxel (CAB), and a RNA synthesis inhibitor, plicamycin (PLI) as potential anti-leukemic agents. CAB and PLI inhibited cell proliferation in not only the BCL6 knockdown REH cell line, but also six other ALL cell lines. Furthermore, combination of CAB and PLI had a synergistic effect in inhibiting proliferation in a cytarabine-resistant (REH/Ara-C) ALL cell line. Use of nanoparticles for delivery of CAB and PLI demonstrated that the combination was very effective when tested in a co-culture model that mimics the in vivo bone marrow microenvironment that typically supports ALL cell survival and migration into protective niches. Furthermore, exposure to PLI inhibited SOX2 transcription and exposure to CAB inhibited not only Mcl-1 expression but also chemotaxis in ALL cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates the utility of concomitantly targeting different critical regulatory pathways to induce cell death in drug resistant ALL cells.
Brief Report: Pilot Study of a Novel Interactive Digital Treatment to Improve Cognitive Control in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-occurring ADHD Symptoms

The presence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with worse cognitive control. Children with ASD and ADHD often respond poorly to medications, thus we need alternative treatments. We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Project Evo-a digital treatment. Nineteen children with ASD and co-occurring ADHD symptoms completed this app-based treatment that targets multi-tasking through gameplay versus a comparison educational treatment. Children had a high engagement with both treatments, and parents and children reported high acceptability. Within-group analyses suggest the multi-tasking but not the educational treatment may improve cognitive control. This multi-tasking treatment is feasible, acceptable, and possibly efficacious for cognitive control impairments in children with ASD and ADHD.
The overall and differential effects of a targeted prekindergarten program: Evidence from Connecticut

Abstract With a large volume of literature pointing to the beneficial impact of pre-kindergarten, researchers, educators, and policymakers are now raising questions about what works for whom, under what conditions, as well as conducting cost-benefit analyses of such endeavors. However, few studies exist on the differential and contextual effects of these programs, creating opportunities for new research in this area. This paper addresses this issue by reporting on the short-term effects of a state-funded pre-kindergarten program, including the potential differential effects among students of color and students from lower income families. Using data from the Connecticut School Readiness Program (CSRP), we use a regression discontinuity design to examine the causal impact of attending the CSRP on average, and by race and income across four different outcomes (reading, oral language, vocabulary, and mathematics). We find that, in the aggregate, attending the CSRP provided the strongest and most consistent outcomes in reading and mathematics. However, heterogeneity analyses indicate variation in impact. The magnitude and significance of reading and mathematics effects were positive but smaller for Black children. Null effects were detected for Latinx students. There was suggestive evidence that mathematics impacts may be smaller for students from low-income families, while reading impacts are uniformly positive irrespective of family income. Possible explanations for differential impact findings are explored.
Principles of Treatment

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in the United States. Often associated with malignancies, chronic pain has become an indistinguishable component of cancer. Pain management interventions are available to treat cancer pain effectively. Multidisciplinary treatment is necessary with teams of oncologists, pain physicians, and psychiatrists working together to identify cancer states with intractable pain in need of complex interventions.
Development of a Configuration Management Course for Operations Students

In the recent past only a few of the "Unicorn" companies such as Facebook, Amazon, and Google were concerned about being able to deploy software into production on distributed computing architectures multiple times per day. To facilitate their ability to do this they developed a series of practices such as Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD), Test Driven Development, Agile Development and DevOps. The goal of these techniques was to be able to get the work of their thousands of developers into production as quickly, safely, reliably and consistently as possible. Most other large-scale companies have since adopted as least some of these practices and they are considered standard procedure for most large organizations. The Operations side of deploying a modern computing application necessarily involves multiple groups working in concert to develop and test the application and the server side configuration that will support that application. This lightning talk reports on initial efforts to develop a course that encourages students to dig into issues related to configuration management, security policy development, application auditing, business control issues, and most importantly, team work. While the course is entitled "Configuration Management" it is much more about students creating a process for secure iterative application deployment that borrows extensively from the DevOps movement.
Expression of Ribosomal Genes in Bacteria

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the molecular genetics of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) in E. coli. Several molecular mechanisms for regulating r-protein and rRNA synthesis include autogenous regulation of r-protein operons by key regulatory r-proteins encoded by the operon, which they regulate; differential regulation of the transcription of the β operon by attenuation at a site between two genes in the operon; and regulation of the transcription of ribosomal genes by modulating the promoter specificity of RNA polymerase. The capacity for total protein synthesis in fast-growing cells is determined by the number, rather than the activity, of the ribosomes. Only a fraction of the ribosomes in more slowly growing cells are active in protein synthesis, but the active ribosomes translate at the same rate as found in the fast-growing cells. A significant characteristic of the r-protein gene expression in diploid strains was revealed by the measurements of r-protein messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. The synthesis of mRNA from the spc operon is increased two-fold compared to the messenger from “control” operons in a strain lysogenic for a phage carrying the spc operon. Thus, the r-protein synthesis can be regulated at the posttranscriptional level.