cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Red Pee

A 55-year-old man with B-cell lymphoma and history of a warm autoantibody and a cold autoanti-I antibody reactive at 4 °C but no alloantibodies is admitted to the hospital for workup of fever of unknown origin. The patient has received red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusions in the hospital in the past but none in the prior 3 months. An ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant sample is submitted to the blood bank for type and screen along with a request for crossmatch of one irradiated RBC unit; the patient’s hemoglobin (Hgb) is noted to be 7.0 g/dL at the time of the request.
Spiritual Perspectives on Pain in Advanced Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review.

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present review was to characterize how pain and spirituality have been conceptualized, assessed, and addressed and how these concepts may be related among women with advanced breast cancer. Design A scoping review was conducted including publications of various methodologies. Data Sources Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, OAIster, and a large university library database (published 2006-2018). Review/Analysis Methods Research questions and criteria were formulated at the outset, followed by identification of publications, charting data, and collating results. Results Forty-two publications met the inclusion criteria. Most (n = 33) focused exclusively on pain, five pain and spirituality, and four exclusively spirituality. Conceptual definitions were not explicitly provided but were implied. Most assessments used the 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale (pain) and qualitative methods (spirituality). Pain management primarily focused on radiotherapy and pharmaceuticals, and two publications identified spiritual interventions. No publications directly examined the impact of spirituality on pain. Findings of qualitative studies including both concepts suggest the potential value of spirituality as a mechanism to cope with pain. Conclusions This review identified significant unmanaged pain in women with advanced breast cancer. Women identified dimensions of spirituality as important for coping with their disease. A gap in understanding spirituality and its potential influence on pain in this population was identified.
Displacement of the transverse colon is a highly specific computed tomography finding for the preoperative diagnosis of a transomental hernia.

A transomental hernia (TOH) is a rare type of internal hernia and is associated with a high strangulation rate and high mortality rate. Displacement of the transverse colon on computed tomography (CT) may be specific to a TOH and may facilitate an early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a novel approach assessing displacement of the transverse colon for the preoperative diagnosis of a TOH. We retrospectively reviewed the CT and operative data of 113 patients who underwent surgery for small bowel obstruction (SBO) between 2011 and 2018. The proportion of transverse colon loops posterior to dilated intestinal loops (PTPI) was calculated. The patients were divided into a TOH group (n = 7) and other SBO group (n = 106). The median PTPI was significantly higher in the TOH group than in the other SBO group (67% [0–97%] vs. 0% [0–100%], Wilcoxon’s test, p = 0.03). A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that when the PTPI was ≥ 57%, its sensitivity and specificity for a TOH were 71% and 94%, respectively. The PTPI is a reliable quantitative measure to distinguish a TOH from other types of SBOs.
The Purposes of Refugee Education: Policy and Practice of Including Refugees in National Education Systems:

This article explores the understood purposes of refugee education at global, national, and school levels. To do so, we focus on a radical shift in global policy to integrate refugees into national...
Differences in 30-day preventable readmission rates after index cancer surgery in New York State hospitals.

6640 Background: 30-day readmission rates are currently being used as a measure of performance quality. Among surgical patients, readmissions may be reducible for certain complications such as deep...
Drug manufacturing and access to medicines: the West African story. A literature review of challenges and proposed remediation

It is the right of all humans to have access to safe, quality and effective medicines. This article seeks to expound on the problems of drug manufacturing and challenges of accessing medicines in West Africa, and evaluate the strategies being adopted by international developmental partners and the governments to address them. West Africa is uniquely diverse in culture (having English, French and Portuguese speaking people) but generally affected by the same diseases (e.g., malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis). In this developmentally beleaguered region, drug development and manufacturing are still stuck in their embryonic stages where medicine distribution is chaotic and insufficiently regulated. An enduring question is why investment in research and development in medicines for neglected tropical diseases and manufacturing is still very low in Africa and in particular West Africa. In this article, we look at how these vulnerabilities are exploited by unscrupulous merchants, leading to massive influx of fake and substandard medicines to the supply chain, making it difficult for the rural, voiceless poor to access quality safe medication. Through an examination of current research and published works by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and other international development partners in Africa, first hand interactions with manufacturers, medicine regulators, regulatory consultants, and the patients, as well as from personal observations, the article crystallizes the major issues and challenges to drug manufacturing and access to quality, safe, and effective essential medicines in West Africa. This article also examines the strategies and policies being implemented to salvage the situation. It is irrevocably clear that solving the challenges of providing safe medication to West Africa is a collective responsibility - the government (through legislation, strategic regulations and policies), medicines manufacturers (adoption of Good Manufacturing Practices and ethics), regulators (through persuasion and enforcement of rules), regulatory consultants, the patients (empowered, informed about their rights and courage and willingness to report drug reactions and discernible counterfeiting), the international development partners and all other stake holders in the health care sector have roles to play in ensuring that the public has access to quality safe and efficacious medicines.
Christian Leader Development: An Outcomes Framework:

The purpose of this paper is to propose a composite framework for the intended outcomes of Christian leader development based on an analysis of scholarly literature on the topic, both from Christia...
Quantification of Retinal Nonperfusion and Neovascularization With Ultrawidefield Fluorescein Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Associated Characteristics of Advanced Disease

Importance Quantification of nonperfusion (NP) and neovascularization (NV) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) may identify better biomarkers of disease progression. Objective To identify demographic risk factors and markers of advanced DR that are associated with increased areas of NP and NV in eyes with disease ranging from no DR but diagnosed as having diabetes to proliferative DR (PDR) and to calculate a threshold total area of NP that may be associated with an increased risk of PDR. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective case series was performed on ultrawidefield fluorescein angiography (UWF FA) images from January 2009 to May 2018 at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center. A total of 363 participants (651 eyes) diagnosed as having type 1 or 2 diabetes receiving UWF FA were included. Exclusion criteria included previous panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and poor-quality images (eg, vitreous hemorrhage and significant cataract). Main Outcomes and Measures The surface areas in millimeters squared of the foveal avascular zone; total NP; NP at posterior pole, midperiphery, and far periphery; total NV; NV at posterior pole, midperiphery, and far periphery were measured. Results Of 363 patients, most were male (205 patients [56.5%]) and white (247 [68%]) or black (77 [21.2%]). The mean (SD) age was 59.4 (13.7) years. Seventy-six eyes with no DR, 92 with mild NPDR, 144 with moderate NPDR, 101 with severe NPDR, 220 with PDR, and 18 with DR of unknown severity were included. Male sex had a positive association with total NP (difference, 15.72; 95% CI, 4.83-26.61;P = .005); black race/ethnicity with total NV (difference, 2.32; 95% CI, 0.09-4.55;P = .04); and vitreous hemorrhage with total NP (difference, 30.00; 95% CI, 5.26-54.75;P = .02). A threshold total NP area of 77.48 mm2(95% CI, 54.24-92.66 mm2) was identified, at greater than which patients may have an increased risk of developing PDR (sensitivity of 59.5% and specificity of 73.6%). Conclusions and Relevance Our results indicate NP and NV can be quantified on UWF FA. These biomarkers interpreted with demographic risk factors may help predict disease progression. Conclusions are limited by ascertainment and information biases because the results are from retrospective data.
Chapter 23 – Pituitary Apoplexy

Pituitary apoplexy is traditionally defined as acute hemorrhagic infarction of the pituitary gland. Although uncommon, it can be a serious condition requiring emergency treatment. In the majority, the pituitary hemorrhage occurs in a preexisting mass like a pituitary adenoma or a Rathke cleft cyst. It can evolve over 1 or 2 days with sudden onset of severe retro-orbital headache accompanied by neurological and endocrinological deterioration. Visual disturbances are particularly common with occasional trigeminal nerve symptoms and Horner syndrome. Acute hypocortisolism is common leading to nausea and severe systemic hypotension. Prompt recognition, ensuring hemodynamic stability, and replacement of cortisol and other hormones in consultation with an endocrinologist is the cornerstone of management. In an unstable or deteriorating patient with severe or worsening ophthalmic signs and reduced level of consciousness, the pituitary hemorrhage needs surgical decompression.
COVID-19 and Abdominal Transplant: A Stepwise Approach to Practice During Pandemic Conditions.

Author(s): Syed, Shareef M; Gardner, James; Roll, Garrett; Webber, Allison; Mehta, Neil; Shoji, Jun; Adelmann, Dieter; Niemann, Claus; Braun, Hillary J; Mello, Anna; Yao, Francis; Posselt, Andrew; Kang, Sang-Mo; Hirose, Ryutaro; Roberts, John; Feng, Sandy; Ascher, Nancy; Stock, Peter; Freise, Chris | Abstract: BackgroundThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease has transformed innumerable aspects of medical practice, particularly in the field of transplantation.Main bodyHere we describe a single-center approach to creating a generalizable, comprehensive, and graduated set of recommendations to respond in stepwise fashion to the challenges posed by these conditions, and the underlying principles guiding such decisions.ConclusionsCreation of a stepwise plan will allow transplant centers to respond in a dynamic fashion to the ongoing challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Modeling Vocal Entrainment in Conversational Speech using Deep Unsupervised Learning

In interpersonal spoken interactions, individuals tend to adapt to their conversation partner's vocal characteristics to become similar, a phenomenon known as entrainment. A majority of the previous computational approaches are often knowledge driven and linear and fail to capture the inherent nonlinearity of entrainment. In this work, we present an unsupervised deep learning framework to derive a representation from speech features containing information relevant for vocal entrainment. We investigate both an encoding based approach and a more robust triplet network based approach within the proposed framework. We also propose a number of distance measures in the representation space and use them for quantification of entrainment. We first validate the proposed distances by using them to distinguish real conversations from fake ones. Then we also demonstrate their applications in relation to modeling several entrainment-relevant behaviors in observational psychotherapy, namely agreement, blame and emotional bond.
CAUTIs in Patients With Thoracic Epidurals

Background: The Surgical Care Improvement Project 9 (SCIP 9) mandates the removal of urinary catheters within 48 hours following surgery to reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Although patients with thoracic epidurals are not exempt from SCIP 9, these patients may be inherently different from other surgical patients. Early removal of Foley catheters may cause urinary retention and recatheterization, which in turn can lead to CAUTI or urethral trauma. Our hospital’s current policy is to allow Foley catheters to remain in place until the thoracic epidural is removed. The goal of our study was to identify and compare the rate of CAUTI in patients with thoracic epidural catheters to the rate of CAUTI in patients without thoracic epidural catheters Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with and without thoracic epidurals who had Foley catheters during hospitalization from July 1, 2017, to May 31, 2019. We used descriptive statistics to compare CAUTI rates based on unit between the 2 groups of patients. Results: We identified 1,834 unique patients with thoracic epidurals and urinary catheters during the study period. We found 4 CAUTIs of 9,896 catheter days (0.4 CAUTIs per 1,000 catheter days) in patients with epidural catheters and 43 CAUTIs of 36,809 catheter days (1.17 CAUTI per 1,000 catheter days) in patients without thoracic epidurals for a rate ratio of 0.346 (95% CI, 0.1242– 0.9639; P < .03). We conducted a sensitivity analysis on a subset of patients admitted under the cardiothoracic service and compared the patients with Foley catheters with and without thoracic epidurals. In this subset, we found 1 CAUTI in 5,890 catheter days (0.17 CAUTI per 1,000 catheter days) in patients with thoracic epidurals and 4 CAUTIs in 9,429 catheter days (0.42 CAUTIs per 1,000 catheter days) in patients without thoracic epidurals), for a rate of 0.4002 (95% CI, 0.0447–3.5808; P < .39). In this subgroup, 7.0% of patients with thoracic epidurals required a second Foley catheter compared to 16.9% of patients without thoracic epidurals who required a second Foley catheter (P < .01). Conclusions: Although patients with thoracic epidurals maintain Foley catheters beyond 48 hours, the CAUTI rate in these patients is lower than in patients without thoracic epidurals. Therefore, removing Foley catheters within 48 hours of surgery in patients with thoracic epidurals may not reduce the risk of CAUTI and, in fact, could be harmful. Further evaluation of confounding variables is warranted. Funding: None Disclosures: None
Effect of Amine Hardener Molecular Structure on the Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Resins

Epoxy resins with enhanced thermal conductivity are in great demand to improve the thermal management of electrical motors. However, the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin is typically low, compar...
Trust in police: an exploratory study among Hispanic college students

Trust in police is crucial for optimal police performance. Accordingly, much scholarly attention has focused on examining correlates of trust in police in the U.S., particularly with respect to rac...
Structure and properties of off-stoichiometric Ba–Ga–Ge selenide glasses

Abstract Off-stoichiometric glasses in the Ba–Ga–Ge–Se system with Se excess or deficiency (BGGS ± Se) are synthesized and their structure is characterized using Raman and multinuclear (77Se, 71Ga) magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. The results reveal that the structure of these off-stoichiometric BGGS ± Se glasses consists of a charge-compensated, partially covalent network of corner-sharing (Ga/Ge)Se4 tetrahedra where [GaSe4]− tetrahedra charge balance the Ba2 + cations. Addition of excess Se to a stoichiometric BaSe–Ga2Se3–GeSe2 glass with BaSe:Ga2Se3 > 1 results in the formation of Se–Se linkages, while Se deficiency is accommodated via the formation of homopolar Ge–Ge bonds, in agreement with the continuously-alloyed structural scenario of purely covalent chalcogenide glasses. Such composition-dependent structural evolution is shown to be consistent with the corresponding variation in density and glass transition temperature.
TH‐AB‐204‐05: Real‐Time Prevention of Radiation ‘mistakes’ Using Cherenkov Light Emission

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using real-time imaging of Cherenkov light emission from an object’s surface for the qualitative identification of radiation ‘mistakes’. Methods: A highly sensitive camera was used to image the Cherenkov light emitted for a solid water phantom. A Varian 2100CD was used to deliver 500 MU for a 6 MV photon beam operating a dose rate of 600 MU/min, and the chosen imaging system and geometry provided data with a field of view of 30×30 cm, at 10 FPS, at a resolution of approximately 0.6 mm. Three mistake scenarios were imaged, two static errors (1) incorrect jaw size for stereotactic delivery using a 20 mm cone, (2) incorrect wedge angle applicator for a 10×10 cm field, and a dynamic errors (3) MLC leaf error and (4) incorrect collimator or gantry angle for IMRT delivery. Results: Using the real-time results of Cherenkov light emission imaging, the incorrect jaw size setting for SRS or SRT and incorrect wedge angle applicator were clearly identified in the first captured image. For the detection of a MLC leaf error, the proposed method was able to provide 4 frames per field, and detect leaf errors down to 1 mm and collimator and gantry errors down to 1 deg. Discussion and Conclusions: While the results in this feasibility study were performed using a solid water phantom, the technique could be readily applied in-vivo, as Cherenkov light emission imaging is completely non-invasive and requires no external materials to be introduced into the Linac or radiation beam path. For the detection of static errors, by providing real-time information after a single MU of delivery, further incorrect radiation field delivery could be avoided. Furthermore, dynamic errors in leaf positioning collimator or gantry angle could be detected in real-time down to 1 mm or 1 deg.
Ti:sapphire laser pump-noise transfer function

We present measurements of pump noise influence on the amplitude and envelope phase noise of a femtosecond modelocked Ti:sapphire laser. The noise transfer functions are evaluated for pump fluctuation frequencies from 10 Hz to 10 MHz.
The Teaching of Informatics for Business Students.

The objective of this paper is to focus on the business curriculum for graduate students and their gaining proficiency in informatics so that they can understand the concept of information, the access of information, the use of information, and the generation of information which enables a secure knowledge of what is needed to make good business decision within a frame work of valid data and data requirements.
A Review of “Global Marketing”

The present-day world economy requires all major firms to compete in the global marketplace. Consumers’ needs are borderless. Everyone wants what everybody else in the world has, e.g., cell phones....
Long-term runoff and sediment yields from small semiarid watersheds in southern Arizona

[1] This study presents analysis of 34 years of precipitation, runoff, and sediment data collected from eight small (1.1–4.0 ha) semiarid rangeland watersheds in southern Arizona, USA. Average annual precipitation ranged between 354 and 458 mm with 53% of the total rainfall occurring from July through September. Runoff depth was 3.5%–13.9% of annual precipitation depth for individual watersheds and 9.2% on average. Runoff events with missing sediment data were estimated to account for 30% of the total sediment yield. Sediment yields were highly variable, ranging between 0.85 t ha−1 yr−1 and 6.69 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 2.4 t ha−1 yr−1. Ten percent of rainfall events with the largest sediment yields produced over 50% of the total sediment yield during the 34 year period. Linear regression models were developed to relate precipitation and runoff characteristics to watershed sediment yield. Maximum 30 min precipitation intensity was the primary factor affecting runoff, and runoff was the best predictor for sediment yield, explaining up to 90% of its variability. Fire and drought may have significantly altered the hydrologic and sediment response on some of the watersheds, but lack of continuous monitoring of vegetation on the watershed areas complicated interpretation of both fire and grazing management effects.
On Wiretapping! (Teknik Dinlemeye Dair!)

ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: This book has two parts. The first part covers the historical evolution of the American wiretapping legislation, summary of the American Wiretapping Criminal Procedure, the summary of Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA), and the privacy and property right problems in the CALEA and the corresponding suggestions. The second part of the book covers analytical summary and comparative analyses of legal positions of wiretapping in Britain, Canada, Germany, France, Israel, and Turkey. (Note that the manuscript is currently in Turkish. For the English version of the manuscript, please contact to author. ABSTRACT IN TURKISH: Kitap iki bolumden olusmaktadir. Ilk bolumde, Amerikan teknik dinleme mevzuatinin hukuki gelisimi, Amerikan Teknik dinleme ceza usulunun ozeti, Iletisim Sirketlerinin Kolluk Kuvvetlerine Yardimi Kanununun (CALEA) ozetini, CALEA ile ilgili mulkiyet ve ozel hayatina iliskin sorunlar ve cozuum onerileri bulunmaktadir. Ikinci bolumde Ingiliz, Kanada, Alman, Fransiz, Israil ve Turk hukuk sistemlerinde, teknik dinlemenin anayasal ve ceza usul hukuku acisindan yeri, analitik olarak ozetlenmekte ve mukayeseli analizi yapilmaktadir.
Generalized Multiframe Tasks

A new model for sporadic task systems is introduced. This model— the generalized multiframe task model—further generalizes both the conventional sporadic-tasks model, and the more recent multiframe model of Mok and Chen. A framework for determining feasibility for a wide variety of task systems is established; this framework is applied to this task model to obtain a feasibility-testing algorithm that runs in time pseudo-polynomial in the size of the input for all systems of such tasks whose densities are bounded by a constant less than one.
Incentives for demand-response programs with nonlinear, piece-wise continuous electricity cost functions

In this paper we identify some of the limitations with previous electricity cost functions used for demand-response (DR) programs in the retail market of the smart grid. In particular, we prove that while previous models lower the demand, they do not guarantee that they will try to flatten the demand. We then introduce a new nonlinear piece-wise continuous electricity cost function to model the way several consumers (from small utilities to retail consumers) are billed for electricity consumption. We show that the new cost function lowers the peaks in DR programs and design new incentive mechanisms to ensure that distributed agents converge to the Pareto-efficient solution of the system. However, we prove that any incentives mechanism either imposes additional taxes or requires external subsidies to operate. The paper finalizes with two examples of such mechanisms.
Consumers' willingness to pay using an experimental auction methodology: applications to brand equity

Research has established a relationship between willingness to pay to price premium and brand equity, however, most studies used stated preference data, which are hypothetical situations. Although the experimental auction methodology has been well documented in the previous literature, its application in understanding brand equity has been minimal. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between brand equity and consumers' willingness to pay a price premium for branded apparel products using revealed preference methodology. In order to determine the relationship, the Becker-Degroot-Marshack experimental auction mechanism was used with the endow-and-upgrade approach followed with a survey. The survey included 10 multidimensional brand equity questions adopted from the Yoo and Donthu brand equity scale, demographics, previous brand experiences, importance of apparel product attributes and beliefs about brands. The experiment resulted in 100 usable observations. Brand equity was analysed using a composite score on the multidimensional brand equity measurement (Yoo and Donthu), willingness to pay a price premium was analysed using descriptive statistics and Tobit regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between brand equity and the willingness to pay a price premium. Findings indicated that the overall brand equity score, a belief that there are more choices in branded merchandise and the importance of brand in making clothing purchase decisions had a modest positive and significant influence on the willingness to pay a price premium. The higher the brand equity, the higher the importance of brands in making clothing purchase decisions, and belief that there are more choices in branded merchandise, the higher the price premium a consumer was willing to pay.
Multiuser receivers for DS-CDMA UWB

We demonstrate the effectiveness of multiuser detection for an ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse based direct sequence spread spectrum system using code division multiple access. Extensive simulations were run using channel soundings of the 2-8 GHz band collected in a residential setting and characterized by a high level of multipath fragmentation. We show that adaptive minimum mean square error (MMSE) multiuser detection (MUD) receivers are able to gather multipath energy and reject intersymbol and interchip interference for these channels to a much greater extent than RAKE receivers with 4 and 8 arms. We also demonstrate that the adaptive MMSE is able to reject an IEEE 802.11a OFDM interferer, even for SIR as severe as -30 dB. The adaptive MMSE exhibits only a 6 dB penalty in the 16-user case relative to the single user case. The practical RAKE receivers were incapable of effectively rejecting either strong narrowband interference or heavily loaded wideband interference. Even more moderate levels of interference caused significant performance degradation of RAKE receivers.
GenTree: an interactive genetic algorithms system for designing 3D polygonal tree models

The creation of individual 3D models to include within a virtual world can be a time-consuming process. The standard approach to streamline this is to use procedural modeling tools, where the user adjusts a set of parameters that defines the tree. We have designed Gen-Tree, an interactive system that uses a genetic algorithms (GA) approach to evolve procedural 3D tree models. GenTree is a hybrid system, combining the standard parameter adjustment and an interactive GA. The parameters may be changed by the user directly or via the GA process, which combines parameters from pairs of parent trees into those that describe novel trees. The GA component enables the system to be used by someone who is ignorant of the parameters that define the trees. Furthermore, combining the standard interactive design process with GA design decreases the time and patience required to design realistic 3D polygonal trees by either method alone.
A High-Enrollment Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience Improves Student Conceptions of Scientific Thinking and Ability to Interpret Data

The authors developed and assessed an innovative course-based undergraduate research experience that emphasized collaboration among students and focused on data analysis.
Aggregate production planning using spreadsheet software

Abstract Firms can benefit by developing and using aggregate production plans. However, reports of ongoing production planning applications are rare. The complexity of production planning models has been cited as one of the reasons that firms do not develop formal production plans. This study was conducted to determine if a simple model, trial-and-error on a spreadsheet, could be used to produce cost-effective production planning solutions. Results indicate that good solutions can be obtained using this method. Furthermore, solutions tend to improve as the knowledge of the production planner increases and as time spent developing solutions increases. In addition, experience at producing spreadsheet-based solutions can translate into lower cost solutions for more complex problems while using less time for analysis. These findings indicate that spreadsheets can be effective decision aids for developing production planning solutions. By coupling the power and simplicity of a spreadsheet modelling package wit...
"Three Women, One Struggle": Anthropology, Performance, and Pedagogy

Perfo nee as AnalyticConstructThe concepts of performance and dramafigure prominently in anthropologicalanalyses of the social and cultural pro-cesses of lived experience, the creativedimensions of social action, and thosephases of intense and heightened activitywhen core values, presuppositions, andcontradictions are most visibly expressed(e.g., Abrahams 1983; Turner 1974; Turnerand Bruner 1986. In the study of experi-ence—as embodied in everyday behavior aswell as in aesthetic expressions and enact-ments (Turner 1982)—the interior structureof consciousness, emotions, and intuition,among other things, is explored. Thisdimension is usually absent or underanaly-zed in ethnographic accounts in whichindividual and collective persons areobjectified according to received princi-ples of scientific inquiry. However, overthe past decade, an epistemological recon-ciliation has been forged by scholarsbringing lived experience, consciousness,and feelings to bear on our understandingof the workings of, for instance, politicaleconomy and systems of regional, national,and international development (Marcus andFischer 1886; Nash 1979; Taussig 1980,1987); and also by scholars bringing analy-ses of class contradictions, power dispari-ties, and patterns of economic productionto bear on conventional interpretations ofsymbolic action (e.g., Baber 1985).Anthropologists as PerformersWhile various phenomenological, herme-neutic, and other interpretative approachescombined with a political economy perspec-tive have enhanced anthropologists' abilityto understand and explicate how individualsand groups experience—i.e., perceive,interpret, affect, and are affected by—their society and world, some of the mosteffective and compelling tools for communi-cating and teaching about the multidimens-ionality of human experience lie in suchform8 of aesthetic and expressive cultureas creative writing and the performingarts. The blurring of genres or the synthe-sis of anthropology and creative disci-plines is currently an acknowledged andaccepted trend (Di Leonardo 1989). JohnStewart (1989), who writes ethnographicallyinformed and inspired stories, and MichaelTaussig (1980, 1987), who writes a provoca-tive form of interpretive political economyand now teaches in a program of performancestudies, are two examples of this experi-mental movement within American anthropolo-gy today.Paradoxically, while those in the fore-front of this current trend are mainly men(see Turner 1982; Clifford and Marcus 1986;Clifford 1988), key pioneers in the appli-cation of anthropological knowledge tocreative genres were women, and AfricanAmerican. Zora Neale Hurston and CatherineDunham made classic yet until recentlyunder recognized contributions to anthro-pology as well as to fiction, drama, anddance (Gacs et al. 1989).The late Hurston (1903-1960), one ofFranz Boas' students at Columbia, collectedBlack folklore and folk music in the U.S.rural south and studied religion, ritual,and women in the Caribbean (Mikell 1989:16-0). While she is best known for her bril-liance as a folklorist (1935) and novelist
Two Communicators of the News: A Study of the Roles of Sources and Reporters

This study examines the social-psychological forces which control the flow of news from source to reporter and into the press. It was found that the "fate" of the story is determined by the demands of the reference group of which the communicator is a member, not by the needs of the community or mass
Biphasic modulatory action of the selective sigma receptor ligand SR 31742A on N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced neuronal responses in the frontal cortex

The technique of intracellular recording was used to assess the effect of SR 31742A, a selective sigma receptor ligand, on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and (+/-)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated responses in pyramidal cells of the rat medial prefrontal cortex in vitro brain slice preparations. Bath application of SR 31742A produced a biphasic effect on NMDA responses: SR 31742A facilitated and inhibited NMDA-induced inward current at low (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 microM) and higher (0.5, 1 and 10 microM) concentrations, respectively. The potentiating effect reached the peak (366%) at 0.1 microM, with an estimated EC50 value of 23 nM. Correspondingly, SR 31742A also produced a similar biphasic modulatory action on excitatory postsynaptic potentials or currents (EPSPs/EPSCs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the forceps minor. In contrast, SR 31742A produced a modest potentiation of AMPA responses at the concentrations from 0.01 to 1 microM. The potentiating action of SR 31742A on NMDA-receptor mediated neurotransmission may account for, at least partially, its antipsychotic and cognitive-enhancing potential, whereas the inhibitory action on NMDA responses at higher concentrations may be related to the purported neuroprotective action of sigma receptor ligands.
Scaling: a design pattern in introductory computer science courses

We present a series of programming exercises that use scaling as a theme for teaching design techniques in the introductory computer science course sequence. All exercises are on the level easily mastered in the first year of programming. Additionally, the exercises introduce a rich variety of applications of computer science.
Sleep Problems in Infants Decrease Following Massage Therapy

Infants and toddlers (M age = 1.5 years) with sleep onset problems were given daily massages by their parents for 15 minutes prior to bedtime for one month. Based on parent diaries the massaged versus the control children (who were read bedtime stories) showed fewer sleep delay behaviors and had a shorter latency to sleep onset by the end of the study. Forty‐five minute behavior observations by an independent observer also revealed more time awake, alert and active and more positive affect in the massaged children by the end of the study.
A psychiatrist in hospice.

Dr. Alan Morgenstern joined the psychiatry faculty at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) in 1965. He also served as chairman of psychiatry at Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center in Portland, Oregon. His many accomplishments include his part in a World Health Organization Travel-Study Fellowship. He served as a senior examiner for the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and he published a critique of this process, which resulted in a humanization of the experience for examinees. While teaching at OHSU he had a tremendous impact on generations of students who were impressed by his humane approach to medicine. He received the OHSU Meritorious Achievement Award for Teaching. He also served as a captain in the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. His close friend, Harold Boverman, M.D., wrote, “He loved his family, his work, his patients, his friends, and his music; his license plate read ‘etude.’”Dr. Morgenstern contacted us regarding his hope that we would facilitate publishing this account of his experience as a hospice patient. This represents an edited version of his manuscript. L.G. and H.B.
Pressure-volume analysis of changes in cardiac function in chronic cardiomyoplasty

Reports of clinical improvement in human studies of dynamic cardiomyoplasty lack support by consistent objective hemodynamic evidence. Animal studies have also yielded conflicting results, likely due to nonuniform models, particularly the use of unconditioned wraps, and to limitations in commonly used study modalities caused by exaggerated heart motion during wrap stimulation. Our purpose was to assess the primary functional properties of the heart wrapped by conditioned muscle using pressure-volume relation analysis based on conductance catheter volume data. Compared with the unstimulated state, 1:1 stimulation caused an increase in contractility and decreases in end-diastolic volume and stroke work. Assisted beats during 1:2 stimulation showed an increase in contractility and a decrease in end-diastolic volume. Unassisted beats (1:2) showed decreases in end-diastolic volume and stroke work. There was no augmentation of cardiac output or ejection fraction with stimulation (1:1 or 1:2). We conclude that in the nonfailing heart, increased contractility does not augment cardiac output, ejection fraction, and stroke work because of a simultaneous decrease in end-diastolic volume. These changes in contractility and end-diastolic volume may prove therapeutic for dilated cardiomyopathy.
Evolution of model proteins on a foldability landscape

We model the evolution of simple lattice proteins as a random walk in a fitness landscape, where the fitness represents the ability of the protein to fold. At higher selective pressure, the evolutionary trajecto- ries are confined to neutral networks where the native structure is conserved and the dy- namics are non self-averaging and nonexponen- tial. The optimizability of the corresponding native structure has a strong effect on the size of these neutral networks and thus on the nature of the evolutionary process. Proteins 29:461-466, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the implications of plug-and-learn adaptive hardware components toward a cyberphysical systems perspective on evolvable and adaptive hardware

Evolvable and Adaptive Hardware (EAH) Systems have been a subject of study for about two decades. This paper argues that viewing EAH devices in isolation from the larger systems in which they serve as components is somewhat dangerous in that EAH devices can subvert the design hierarchies upon which designers base verification and validation efforts. The paper proposes augmenting EAH components with additional machinery to enable the application of model-checking and related Cyber-Physical Systems techniques to extract evolving intra-module relationships for formal verification and validation purposes.
Developments in General Airway Management

Since the 1970s, improvements in airway management have been significant. New imaging modalities such as CT and MRI can display airway structures with unparalleled detail, which improves preoperative planning and the treatment of patients with pathologic processes involving the respiratory tract or with difficult-to-manage airways. Because of the introduction of flexible fiberscopes, pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons can diagnose diseases of the respiratory tract effectively and treat patients with these diseases safely. The use of flexible fiberscopes has expanded rapidly into other medical specialties, including anesthesia and critical care. Modem anesthesiologists now use flexible fiberscopes daily to intubate patients safely, especially when traditional intubating techniques fail. The cost of fiberscopes has decreased dramatically, and their optical systems have improved. Several centers of excellence have been developed where clinicians can learn basic and advanced techniques of fiberoptic intubation. The LMA has shown that the supraglottic airway approach is not only feasible, but also in many situations superior to tracheal intubation. Although the LMA initially was recommended as an alternative to the facemask, its use has expanded, benefiting many children and adults undergoing a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Use of an LMA in combination with a flexible fiberscope has opened up new possibilities for treating patients safely and effectively while providing optimal comfort during a procedure and has been particularly beneficial in thoracic surgery. The most recent iteration of the ASA Difficult Airway Algorithm has revised further a systematic approach to the clinical care of patients with different types of difficult-to-manage airways.
Simultaneous option prices and an implied risk-free rate of interest: A test of the Black-Scholes models☆

Abstract Two parameters in the Black-Scholes model, the risk-free rate of interest and standard deviation of stock returns, cannot be directly observed. Nevertheless, it is possible to simultaneously solve for the two parameters by using the prices of two different options written on the same security. If the Black-Scholes model is valid, then the implied interest rate from one repair of options should equal the implied interest rate from another pair of options for a given trading day. The analysis reexamines simultaneous option price data from a previous study using the implied interest rate test, and the results support the validity of the Black-Scholes model if we consider the bid/ask spread of option prices and that options are traded over discrete intervals.
Judging initial in-therapy behavior.

20 clinical graduate students were asked to rate initial interviews of a single client using Kirtner and Cartwright's scale for predicting length and outcome of therapy. Both audio and video method...
Bushmeat hunting as climate threat.

Tropical forests store 340 billion tons of carbon, equivalent to more than 40 years' worth of human fossil fuel emissions ([ 1 ][1]). Tropical deforestation and degradation are responsible for an estimated 20% of global carbon emissions to the atmosphere ([ 2 ][2]). In response, a new policy that
Male-to-Female Transgender Individuals Building Social Support and Capital From Within a Gender-Focused Network.

ABSTRACT The literature on male-to-female transgender myriad problems such individuals face in their day-to-day lives, including high rates of HIV/AIDS, addiction to drugs, violence, and lack of health care. These problems are exacerbated for ethnic and racial minority MTFs. Support available from their social networks can help MTFs alleviate these problems. This article explores how minority MTFs, specifically in an urban environment, develop supportive social networks defined by their gender and sexual identities. Using principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR), 20 African American and Latina MTFs were recruited at a community-based health care clinic. Their ages ranged from 18 to 53. Data were coded and analyzed following standard procedure for content analysis. The qualitative interviews revealed that participants formed their gender and sexual identities over time, developed gender-focused social networks based in the clinic from which they receive services, and engaged in social ca...
Deep Drilling and Deeper Possibilities in Illinois: ABSTRACT

During the 4 years, 1944 to 1947, fifteen oil test wells were drilled in Illinois to the St. Peter sandstone, of which twelve penetrated to various formations below the St. Peter, one reaching the basement rocks. Isopach maps of various formations between the St. Peter sandstone and the basement rocks, supplemented with cross sections, show the influence of the Ozark and Wisconsin positive structural areas. Notable variations in the stratigraphic sequence are the disappearance of the Galesville sandstone and the introduction of an oolitic limestone in the Cambrian strata in central Illinois. Maps show the structure of the Illinois basin on the top of the St. Peter sandstone and the general configuration of the basement surface so far as known. Isocons on the St. Peter map show the total mineral content of water in the St. Peter sandstone. Some of the geologcial factors that should be considered in prospecting for oil in these deep strata are discussed. End_of_Article - Last_Page 303------------
Activities of kreb's cycle enzymes in the flight muscles of the tsetse fly (Glossina) and the fleshfly (Sarcophaga)

Abstract The specific activities of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle have been measured in flight muscle mitochondria of tsetse flies and fleshflies. Similar levels of those enzymes which are involved in the metabolism of both carbodydrate and proline (2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase) were found in the mitochondria of the two insects. Enzymes of the cycle not involved in the oxidation of proline (citrata synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase) had considerably lower specific activities in the tsetse fly.
Some nonnormal ∑-products

Abstract We show that there is a collection of first-countable spaces such that every countable product from this collection is paracompact and perfectly normal, yet the ∑-product of the collection is not normal. If there is a first-countable hereditarily Lindelof nonseparable space (e.g., assuming the continuum hypothesis), then every countable product from the collection can be hereditarily Lindelof.
Isotopic Composition of Strontium in Carbonate Rocks from Keshya and Mkwisi, Zambia

BAILEY1 described the intrusive carbonate rocks at Keshya and Mkwisi, Zambia, and concluded that they represented “ … an unusual type of carbonatite activity, resembling hydrothermal vein-like deposits… ”. He directed attention to some of the ways in which these rocks differ from the classical carbonatites but regarded these differences as being “ … in degree rather than in kind… ”. In the discussion of Bailey's paper, Deans stated his opinion that the results available did not lend unequivocal support to the view that these rocks are carbonatites.
Students' Preferences Regarding Four Characteristics of Information Literacy Screencasts.

Information literacy screencasts were created by librarians and integrated into all of the nursing department's distance learning courses. Before creating more videos, the researcher decided to evaluate the screencasts’ effectiveness based on certain video characteristics. The researcher identified four characteristics that might affect students’ opinions of the screencasts’ effectiveness and developed guidelines based on the findings. It is hoped that by creating tutorials that are responsive to the preferences of distance learning students, librarians can improve their reach to these students.