cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological features of diffuse Lewy body disease

A case of a 60-year-old man with biopsy-proven diffuse Lewy body disease was presented with clinical and serial neuropsychological data. Findings showed a rapid decline over a 2-year period characterized by an atypical degenerative dementia, including a global mental decline with preserved orientation, profound perceptual deficits, and no specific relative progressive memory impairment. Few extrapyramidal signs were noted, but subtle visual hallucinations and vivid nightmares occurred throughout the course. He underwent an experimental trial of tacrine, but showed an adverse reaction. Of the few detailed neurocognitive case descriptions of this disease found in the literature, this article highlights the unique variability and clinical manifestations that differentiate this disorder from the dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
Bedside Ultrasound Aids Identification and Removal of Cutaneous Foreign Bodies: A Case Series

Abstract Background Soft tissue injury with a retained foreign body (FB) is a common emergency department (ED) complaint. Detection and precise localization of these foreign bodies is often difficult with traditional plain radiographic imaging or computed tomography (CT). Case Report We present three cases in which bedside ultrasound was used to identify and guide management of retained soft tissue foreign bodies. Comparison of ultrasound vs. plain radiography and CT, as well as techniques for FB identification and removal, are discussed. Why should an emergency physician be aware of this? Bedside ultrasound is an invaluable tool in the localization of foreign bodies in relation to other anatomic structures, and aids in the decision to remove them in the ED.
MENTORING: A CENTER FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY (CPDT) TALE

A paradigm shift has occurred in teacher training institutions in recent years. Many universities are abandoning traditional teacher training programs and are opting to offer this training through professional centers. These centers are grounded in research on best practices and usually incorporate more field experiences which results in the need for quality mentors. One South Texas university has five years of experience with such a program. Problems encountered have included cost, rewards, training, selection, collaboration and time constraints. Solutions to many of these have come from careful budgeting, legislation, research, increased community involvement, and state initiatives.
Shock-capturing Boussinesq-type model for nearshore wave processes

This paper describes the formulation and validation of a nearshore wave model for tropical coastal environment. The governing Boussinesq-type equations include the conservative form of the nonlinear shallow-water equations for shock capturing. A Riemann solver supplies the inter-cell flux and bathymetry source term, while a Godunov-type scheme integrates the evolution variables in time. The model handles wave breaking through momentum conservation with energy dissipation based on an eddy viscosity concept. The computed results show very good agreement with laboratory data for wave propagation over a submerged bar, wave breaking and runup on plane beaches as well as wave transformation over fringing reefs. The model accurately describes transition between supercritical and subcritical flows as well as development of dispersive waves in the processes.
Is the Oxidative Modification Hypothesis Relevant to Human Atherosclerosis? Do the Antioxidant Trials Conducted to Date Refute the Hypothesis?

Several large-scale, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown convincingly that neither β-carotene1–3⇓⇓ nor vitamin E, alone3–5⇓⇓ or in combination with other antioxidant vitamins,6 reduces the risk of fatal or nonfatal infarction (or other hard clinical end points) in an unselected population of people with established coronary heart disease (CHD) or at high risk of CHD. Two end point trials, much smaller trials that used vitamin E, have reported positive results,7,8⇓ and one trial, which used ultrasound, showed that a combination of vitamins E and C slowed the progression of carotid artery lesions.9However, these are far outweighed by the negative results in the other, much larger trials. Certainly there is no basis for recommending vitamin E supplementation to patients with CHD, especially because it may blunt the effectiveness of hypolipidemic therapy with statins and niacin.6 A surprisingly large fraction of cardiologists (≈40%) have been recommending such regimens10 despite warnings that this use was premature.11 At first glance, it might seem that these negative results close the book and that additional clinical trials of any antioxidants would be pointless. Closer examination, we believe, will show that such a conclusion would be premature and inappropriate.12 The hypothesis that oxidative modification of LDL plays a significant role in atherogenesis in humans is not necessarily disproved by the failure of these particular clinical trials any more than a negative trial of an ineffectual antibiotic in Pneumococcal pneumonia would prove that pneumonia is not a bacterial disease. The oxidative modification hypothesis is not that vitamin E will ameliorate the human disease but that oxidative modification of LDL and/or other oxidative events play a significant role in human atherogenesis as it does in animal models of atherogenesis. A corollary of the hypothesis is …
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CHANNEL ROUTING USING A PARETO-OPTIMAL GENETIC ALGORITHM

An important part of the integrated circuit design process is the channel routing stage, which determines how to interconnect components that are arranged in sets of rows. The channel routing problem has been shown to be NP-complete, thus this problem is often solved using genetic algorithms. The traditional objective for most channel routers is to minimize total area required to complete routing. However, another important objective is to minimize signal propagation delays in the circuit. This paper describes the development of a genetic channel routing algorithm that uses a Pareto-optimal approach to accommodate both objectives. When compared to the traditional channel routing approach, the new channel router produced layouts with decreased signal delay, while still minimizing routing area.
13-Atom NiAl alloy clusters: correlation between structural and dynamical properties

Abstract Further analysis of structural and dynamical properties of mixed NiAl 13-atom clusters is presented. A model explaining the dependence of the principal structural and energy characteristics of the clusters on their composition is described. Homotop-specific features of the dynamics are derived and analyzed.
5-HT2C receptor-mediated phosphoinositide turnover and the stimulus effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine.

The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that agonist interactions at 5-HT2C receptors mediate the discriminative stimulus properties ofm-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP). Three structural classes of compounds have been described to stimulate increases in phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis at the 5-HT2C receptor site: phenylpiperazines, phenylalkylamines, and indolamines. Four representative phenylpiperazines, mCPP, TFMPP, MK-212 and quipazine, one phenylalkylamine, (-)DOM, and one indolamine, LSD, were employed in the present study. The efficacies of these compounds were defined (1) in vitro, with respect to their abilities to stimulate increases in PI hydrolysis in the choroid plexus, and (2) in vivo with respect to their abilities to substitute for the mCPP discriminative stimulus. In vitro intrinsic activity at the 5-HT2C site was expressed as a fraction of the maximal PI hydrolysis response elicited by serotonin (5-HT). MK-212 (fractional efficacy=1.1) and (-)DOM (0.77) were full agonists, while mCPP (0.72), LSD (0.27), quipazine (0.24), and TFMPP (0.22) were partial agonists with respect to the stimulation of PI hydrolysis at the 5-HT2C receptor. In vivo, each of the phenylpiperazines fully substituted for the mCPP stimulus, while (-)DOM (75%), and LSD (67%) elicited only partial substitution. While compounds with agonist activity at the 5-HT2C receptor in vitro substitute for the mCPP stimulus in vivo, no clear relationship exists between in vitro intrinsic activity at the 5-HT2C receptor with respect to the stimulation of PI turnover and maximal substitution for the mCPP stimulus in vivo. The present data suggest that mCPP elicits a compound stimulus which is mediated by agonist interactions at the 5-HT2C receptor and possibly additional interactions with 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, and/or 5-HT1B receptors.
Utopian Vistas: The Mabel Dodge Luhan House and the American Counterculture

Mabel Dodge Luhan, hostess and visionary, made Taos, New Mexico, a center for artists and utopians when she moved there in 1917 and began inviting friends to visit her. Utopian Vistas is a chronicle of the house Mabel Dodge Luhan built in Taos and the poets, painters, photographers, filmmakers, writers, educators, and visionaries whose lives and works were affected by the house and its environs. Skillfully combining scholarship and a gift for storytelling, author Lois Rudnick weaves a complex tapestry depicting American counter-cultures in New Mexico from the 1920s to the 1990s. Against a backdrop of Southwest scenery, Indian and Hispanic cultures, and expatriate Anglos, the story of the Mabel Dodge Luhan house unfolds from its inception in 1918 to its modern-day incarnation as a center for alternate education. Meticulous architectural descriptions are juxtaposed with insightful comments on the personalities - from D. H. Lawrence and Georgia O'Keeffe to Dennis Hopper and George McGovern - who have owned or visited the Luhan property. Inter-ethnic strife and ongoing poverty, hippies and Chicano radicals, gifted artisans and doped-up geniuses, mystics and ghosts mingle together in this compelling story of the house that Mabel built.
Circannual rhythm in body temperature, torpor, and sensitivity to A1 adenosine receptor agonist in arctic ground squirrels

A₁ adenosine receptor (A₁AR) activation within the central nervous system induces torpor, but in obligate hibernators such as the arctic ground squirrel (AGS; Urocitellus parryii), A₁AR stimulation induces torpor only during the hibernation season, suggesting a seasonal increase in sensitivity to A₁AR signaling. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between body temperature (Tb) and sensitivity to an adenosine A1 receptor agonist in AGS. We tested the hypothesis that increased sensitivity in A₁AR signaling would lead to lower Tb in euthermic animals during the hibernation season when compared with the summer season. We further predicted that if a decrease in euthermic Tb reflects increased sensitivity to A₁AR activation, then it should likewise predict spontaneous torpor. We used subcutaneous IPTT-300 transponders to monitor Tb in AGS housed under constant ambient conditions (12:12 L:D, 18 °C) for up to 16 months. These animals displayed an obvious rhythm in euthermic Tb that cycled with a period of approximately 8 months. Synchrony in the Tb rhythm within the group was lost after several months of constant L:D conditions; however, individual rhythms in Tb continued to show clear sine wave-like waxing and waning. AGS displayed spontaneous torpor only during troughs in euthermic Tb. To assess sensitivity to A₁AR activation, AGS were administered the A₁AR agonist N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA, 0.1 mg/kg, ip), and subcutaneous Tb was monitored. AGS administered CHA during a seasonal minimum in euthermic Tb showed a greater drug-induced decrease in Tb (1.6 ± 0.3 °C) than did AGS administered CHA during a peak in euthermic Tb (0.4 ± 0.3 °C). These results provide evidence for a circannual rhythm in Tb that is associated with increased sensitivity to A₁AR signaling and correlates with the onset of torpor.
Predicting Unethical Behavior Among Marketing Practitioners

A differential association model of unethical behavior was utilized to predict unethical behavior among marketing practitioners. The data were collected through a systematic random sample of 280 marketing managers selected from the 1975 American Marketing Association roster. Newstrom and Ruch 's 17-item ethics scale was used to develop six types of predictors of unethical behavior, "What I do, " among marketers. These six types of variables included (1) the marketer's beliefs, "What I believe"; (2) what the marketer thought his peers believed, "Peer beliefs"; (3) what the marketer thought top management believed, "What top management believes"; (4) what the marketer thought his peers did, "What my peers do"; (5) the opportunity the marketer thought his peers had to become involved in un-ethical behavior, "Opportunity for peers"; and finally (6) the opportunity the marketer himself had to become involved in unethical behavior, "Individual opportunity." In the case of these marketing practitioners, their pe...
Annual Medical Spending Attributable To Obesity: Payer-And Service-Specific Estimates

In 1998 the medical costs of obesity were estimated to be as high as $78.5 billion, with roughly half financed by Medicare and Medicaid. This analysis presents updated estimates of the costs of obesity for the United States across payers (Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers), in separate categories for inpatient, non-inpatient, and prescription drug spending. We found that the increased prevalence of obesity is responsible for almost $40 billion of increased medical spending through 2006, including $7 billion in Medicare prescription drug costs. We estimate that the medical costs of obesity could have risen to $147 billion per year by 2008.
Contribution of Sialic Acid to the Voltage Dependence of Sodium Channel Gating : A Possible Electrostatic Mechanism

A potential role for sialic acid in the voltage-dependent gating of rat skeletal muscle sodium chan- nels (rSkM1) was investigated using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with rSkM1. Changes in the voltage dependence of channel gating were observed after enzymatic (neuraminidase) removal of sialic acid from cells expressing rSkM1 and through the expression of rSkM1 in a sialylation-deficient cell line ( lec2 ). The steady-state half-activation voltages (V a ) of channels under each condition of reduced sialylation were z 10 mV more depolarized than control channels. The voltage dependence of the time constants of channel activation and inactivation were also shifted in the same direction and by a similar magnitude. In addition, recombinant deletion of likely glycosylation sites from the rSkM1 sequence resulted in mutant channels that gated at voltages up to 10 mV more positive than wild-type channels. Thus three independent means of reducing channel sialylation show very similar effects on the voltage dependence of channel gating. Finally, steady-state activation voltages for chan- nels subjected to reduced sialylation conditions were much less sensitive to the effects of external calcium than those measured under control conditions, indicating that sialic acid directly contributes to the negative surface potential. These results are consistent with an electrostatic mechanism by which external, negatively charged sialic acid residues on rSkM1 alter the electric field sensed by channel gating elements.
Differences in Reporting of Analyses in Internal Company Documents Versus Published Trial Reports: Comparisons in Industry-Sponsored Trials in Off-Label Uses of Gabapentin

Background Details about the type of analysis (e.g., intent to treat [ITT]) and definitions (i.e., criteria for including participants in the analysis) are necessary for interpreting a clinical trial's findings. Our objective was to compare the description of types of analyses and criteria for including participants in the publication (i.e., what was reported) with descriptions in the corresponding internal company documents (i.e., what was planned and what was done). Trials were for off-label uses of gabapentin sponsored by Pfizer and Parke-Davis, and documents were obtained through litigation. Methods and Findings For each trial, we compared internal company documents (protocols, statistical analysis plans, and research reports, all unpublished), with publications. One author extracted data and another verified, with a third person verifying discordant items and a sample of the rest. Extracted data included the number of participants randomized and analyzed for efficacy, and types of analyses for efficacy and safety and their definitions (i.e., criteria for including participants in each type of analysis). We identified 21 trials, 11 of which were published randomized controlled trials, and that provided the documents needed for planned comparisons. For three trials, there was disagreement on the number of randomized participants between the research report and publication. Seven types of efficacy analyses were described in the protocols, statistical analysis plans, and publications, including ITT and six others. The protocol or publication described ITT using six different definitions, resulting in frequent disagreements between the two documents (i.e., different numbers of participants were included in the analyses). Conclusions Descriptions of analyses conducted did not agree between internal company documents and what was publicly reported. Internal company documents provide extensive documentation of methods planned and used, and trial findings, and should be publicly accessible. Reporting standards for randomized controlled trials should recommend transparent descriptions and definitions of analyses performed and which study participants are excluded. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Synthesizing arbitrary driving-point and transfer characteristics

The property of any two-terminal resistive device is characterized by its driving-point (DP) characteristic, and any two-port resistive device with zero input current and a load-independent output voltage is described by its transfer characteristic (TC). Synthesizing a two-port device with a prescribed transfer characteristic is usually easier than synthesizing a two-terminal device with a prescribed driving-point characteristic. In this paper we propose an approach to synthesize a driving-point characteristic of a two-terminal device from the transfer characteristic of a two-port device, so that the resulting DP plot of the two-terminal device is exactly the same as the TC plot of the two-port device. We also illustrate the use of digital circuitry to synthesize arbitrary transfer characteristics. This technique will benefit the design and analysis of complex nonlinear electronic circuits and systems. A variety of characteristics synthesized using this approach are presented.
Seeking Emotional Labor: When Managing the Heart Enhances the Work Experience

Although both scholars and practitioners continue to privilege the “rational” aspects of organization, this article demonstrates the centrality of emotion in the organizing process. The case study method combines observation at a 911 center, interviews with dispatchers, and analysis of selected calls. Departing from most treatments of emotional labor, this article features workers who not only suffer through, cope with, and resist emotional labor but sometimes also seek it out. For these 911 dispatchers, emotional labor is a fun, exciting, and rewarding part of their work. In addition to providing a description of these neglected positive functions of emotional labor, this article speaks to a broader issue: the role of emotional labor in the construction of organizational community.
Reducing power and delay in memory cells using virtual source transistors

Seven novel static RAM cells are described in this paper. All seven are a variation of the six-transistor differential memory cell containing a two-inverter feedback loop with n-type pass transistors between the inverter inputs and the bit-lines. Each variation contains some combination of virtual source transistors (virtual ground or VDD) and transmission gates. Power and delay values are given for each of the seven designs with minimum sized transistors, as well as a discussion of improved performance with wider pass transistors. The new cells with the best performance in the areas of power consumption, delay, and power-delay product demonstrate improvements of 27.6%, 12.2%, and 24.1% respectively
Politics, Law, and Community in Islamic Thought: The Taymiyyan Moment

This revisionist account of the history of Islamic political thought from the early to the late medieval period focuses on Ibn Taymiyya, one of the most brilliant theologians of his day. This original study demonstrates how his influence shed new light on the entire trajectory of Islamic political thought. Although he did not reject the Caliphate ideal, as is commonly believed, he nevertheless radically redefined it by turning it into a rational political institution intended to serve the community (umma). Through creative reinterpretation, he deployed the Qur'anic concept of fitra (divinely endowed human nature) to centre the community of believers and its common-sense reading of revelation as the highest epistemic authority. In this way, he subverted the elitism that had become ensconced in classical theological, legal and spiritual doctrines, and tried to revive the ethico-political, rather than strictly legal, dimension of Islam. In reassessing Ibn Taymiyya's work, this book marks a major departure from traditional interpretations of medieval Islamic thought.
Shifting the Paradigm: The Aniconic Theory and Its Terminology

Focusing on imagery that purportedly depicts life events of Śākyamuni Buddha, this essay examines the terms ‘iconic’ and ‘aniconic’ as they have been applied to interpreting the early Buddhist art of India. In this context, ‘iconic’ has been used to refer to a figurative depiction of Śākyamuni Buddha; the antonym, ‘aniconic,’ has been used to refer to trees, stūpas, pillars, and other non-human subjects that are claimed to be substitutions for the figurative. Because one of the terms, aniconic, is a negation of the other, a binary, oppositional construct is automatically created. However, the so-called aniconic subjects are not the opposite of figurative depictions nor are the scenes in which these motifs occur representations of Śākyamuni’s life events. Examination of the art indicates that the objects depicted and the Buddha figures are both important but neither is a replacement for the other. Further, both terms are exogenous to India, having been introduced from Europe and carrying meanings from the ...
Residual Stresses in Curved Laminated Wood Beams

Radial tension separations of large curved laminated beams have been observed in the United States for the past dozen or more years. They occur even in members whose design and manufacture follow the best engineering practice. Their cause is still unknown. This report examines two kinds of residual stress found in such beams. One of these is due to bending of the laminations to curvature during manufacture. The other is due to the variations in shrinkage of individual laminations that occurs subsequent to manufacture. No account is taken of stress relaxation or any other time-related effect. Equations of elasticity are derived for a curvilinear-orthotropic material in polar coordinates. Estimates of residual stresses are presented graphically and their possible relation to radial tension separations is analyzed.
Cholinergic-opioid interactions at brainstem respiratory chemosensitive areas in cats.

Central respiratory chemosensitivity has been ascribed to CO 2 -sensitive neurons located on the ventral brainstem surface. The effects of cholinergic mechanisms on CO 2 -sensitive neuronal activity recorded extracellularly at the brainstem respiratory chemosensitive area at the caudal ventral medullary surface (cVMS) were investigated in cats (n=14) anesthetized with chloraloseurethane. The neurons increased their firing rate from 70.4±7.6 Hz to 33.9±5.2 Hz when the mock cerebrospinal fluid (mCSF) superfusing buffer solution was changed from pH 7.4 (control) to pH 7.0 (acidic)
Parent-Child Conversations About Legal Inequalities in Gay- and Lesbian-Parent Families in Florida

ABSTRACTDue to legal restrictions on same-sex relationships and parenting, same-sex parents have the added responsibility of teaching their children how to function in a heteronormative society where their family status is devalued and, in some places, discriminated against through legislation. The current study uses qualitative methods to explore the perspectives of 22 same-sex adoptive parents regarding how they discuss legal discrimination with their children (age range = seven months to 18 years; M = six years, 10 months). Eight parents (36%) reported talking to their children; the remainder (n = 14; 64%) reported that they did not engage in conversations, typically due to their children's age. Participants who engaged in discussions with their children named a variety of reasons for doing so, some of which are consistent with the racial socialization literature: namely, preparation for bias and fostering pride. Several themes emerged that appear to be unique to same-sex adoptive parents. For example,...
Book Review of Net crimes & misdemeanors: Outmaneuvering webspammers, stalkers and con artists

When asking for an example of a criminal, it is fair to assume that few will describe those who commit unlawful acts using the computer. Rather, most will give an instance of violent crimes committed against individuals or crimes involving personal invasion of property. If someone actually used an example of a crime focusing around technology, it is likely they will use an Internet pedophile or a hacker for their illustration. Although an increase of media attention and community awareness has been brought to a few types of Internet crimes, the reality is that the magnitude of this problem is not known to the general public nor how we, computer users, should protect ourselves from potential victimization or obtain help if we become a target of these crimes. “Net crimes and misdemeanors are committed against more than 200,000 a year and the numbers are growing every day” (Hitchcock 2006, 2). With this quantity of victims, computer users need to know how to protect themselves. However, the average computer user is not technologically savvy. J.A. Hitchcock understands the limitations of technical knowledge of the average computer user. Her revised edition of “Net Crimes and Misdemeanors: Outmaneuvering Webspammers, Stalkers and Con Artists” (2006) explains various types of Internet and computer based crimes, and provides definitions and tips applicable to the novice and experienced computer user. One of the nation’s leading authority on cybercrime, Hitchcock has years of experience working with computers and technology. She has taught various college level courses, written for magazines and newspapers, gives lectures, appears
Monopoly issues in high technology-based industries

Summary: In this article, taken from his recent research into the application of antitrust analysis to high-technology industries—particularly information technology (IT)—David Teece argues that applying antitrust policy to some high technology industries may serve neither the industry nor the consumer. Indeed, it has to potential to cripple the innovation process. Characteristics of the IT industry that challenge the application of traditional antitrust policies are reviewed. Some of these characteristics may support arguments in cases for exemption from trade practices acts or other anti-competitive legislation. Teece argues further that a re-evaluation of the utility of antitrust legislation must take into account insights into market behavior coming out of recent innovation studies.
A cortical evoked potential that reflects the conditioned, positive incentive value of the stimulus. I. The evoked potential

Abstract As squirrel monkeys learned that a tone cue signalled the availability of a food reward, there appeared in pre- and post-central cortex a surface negative waveform in response to the cue. This waveform disappeared, concomitantly with the animal's behavioral response, during extinction and pseudoconditioning. It was independent of changes in cue intensity sufficient to markedly alter earlier components of evoked activity and it disappeared when evoked activity was averaged with the behavioral response, rather than the cue, as reference point. It was concluded that this evoked potential reflects cortical activity somewhere in the stimulus—response sequence between the recognition of the cue and the decision to act.
Analysing Phenomena of College Students' Subordinating Masses in Morality

By research results of social psychology and analysing phenomena of college students subordinating masses in moral field,we may find individual choice of morality usually keeps coincidence with masses and such phenomena contain common nature in the ordinary meaning;the existence of college students subordinating masses in morality is objective,common and has various types;subordinate system of psychology and system of outside reward and punishment are the main causes for college students to follow masses in morality;it is unnecessary and impossible to eliminate the phenomena of students following masses in morality and we should take positive measure to lead them to follow just track of society. [
Newer concepts in cholecystography and cholangiography.

Changes in cholecystography during the past decade include use of denser contrast mediums, variations in technics, and new methods of preparing the patient. Use of denser contrast mediums appears directly related to the more frequent roentgenologic diagnosis of polypoid lesions. Dihydroxy-phenylisatin was found effective in reducing obscuration by gas and fecal material. Cholangiography using intravenous injections of sodium iodipamide has been a widely used preoperative procedure. Tomography has increased the accuracy of the examination.
Streptolysin O Modulates Cytokine Synthesis in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Invasive Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections associated with bacteremia, shock, and death have been defined as the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (StrepTSS). Strains of GAS commonly isolated from patients with StrepTSS have been M-types 1 and 3 which produce pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE’s). Epidemiological studies in the United States demonstrate pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) in a high percentage of these strains; cases in Sweden have more commonly been associated with SPE B (reviewed in6).
New Approaches to Cystic Fibrosis

Better understanding of the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis—how the chain of causality moves from gene to tissue to organ-has led to therapeutic approaches that attack virtually every stage of this process. Within the coming decade, it is realistic to anticipate that the disease will be controlled via somatic gene therapy in children and young adults. Farther down the road, but already technically feasible, lies the possibility of real prevention through genetic intervention in utero or soon after birth.
Giant miniature EPSCs at the hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 pyramidal cell synapse are monoquantal.

The mechanisms generating giant miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were investigated at the hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) to CA3 pyramidal cell synapse in vitro. These giant mEPSCs ...
Financing nutrition services in a competitive market.

Budget deficits and inflationary medical care costs threaten nutrition services, which until recently have been funded largely by federal, state, and local revenues. Nutritionists and dietitians responding to demands in the marketplace should develop innovative programs and pursue new sources for financing through the private sector, third-party payers, business/industry health promotion, and consumer fees for their services, as well as targeted federal, state, and locally funded food assistance, nutrition education, and health care programs. Trailblazing dietitians are successfully offering their services in health maintenance organizations (HMOs), hospital or industry fitness programs, private practice, voluntary health agencies, and official agency programs. With the new federalism, nutritionists must articulate their role in comprehensive health care and market their services at the state and local levels in addition to the federal level. Nutrition services are defined to include assessment, planning, counseling, education, and referral to supportive agencies. Data management, managerial, and marketing skills must be developed for dietitians to compete effectively. Basic educational preparation and continuing education for practicing professionals must develop these competencies.
Performance optimization based on passivation of systems with applications to systems with input/output delay

In this paper, we study system performance in passivity based control designs. In particular, we consider the passivation method of [1], we extend it so to use non-positive passivation parameters and transfer functions, and present results to passivate systems that are not finite-gain stable. The passivation parameters are selected according to non-derivative based optimization methods when the system dynamics are unknown. We show that by tuning the passivation parameters, desired system performance can be achieved in addition to guaranteeing passivity for the system. To validate our results, we present simulations in CarSim/Simulink.
Method in Ecology: A case study: The Florida panther

the florida panther is a natural symbol of Florida, in much the same way that the bald eagle is a natural symbol of the United States. Yet, only approximately 40 members of the endangered subspecies remain, largely in the swampy, southern parts of Florida. An important question faced by many ecologists, both within and outside the state, is whether it is possible to save the Florida panther in the wild. In this chapter, we shall attempt to create a version of this question that can be evaluated scientifically and then answer it. One might argue that the Florida panther is not an especially good subject for a case study. Ecology probably cannot do much for it, because it is too close to extinction. Perhaps the manatee or black bear might provide a better example from Florida. We maintain, however, that the case-study approach is applicable to any phenomenon, irrespective of differences of opinion regarding the importance of the phenomenon being investigated. Moreover, the mood surrounding Florida-panther preservation is emotionally charged, and the subject is of great interest to the public. Both of these conditions beg for the rational, cautious approach offered by the case-study method. In any event, our goal here is primarily to illustrate what ecology can do, particularly in a case that is of public, as well as scientific, interest. Although ecology has neither general theories nor exceptionless empirical laws capable of providing precise predictions for environmental decisionmaking, it can help provide answers to particular questions of conservation. As this chapter illustrates, applied ecology is not primarily a hypothetical-deductive science.
Britain, Sabah and Sarawak, 1946–63

By 1940 Sabah and Sarawak’s economies were part of the global commercial system and subject to major cyclical and political trends. Administratively, the two states were now closer to British Malaya and both governments were open to adopting ideas on administration, the economy and technological advances introduced in Malaya. In fact, in Sarawak, a constitution was proclaimed in 1941, which brought the state’s administrative system closer to that pursued in other British territories. Plans were also afoot for greater control by Britain in Sarawak’s internal affairs. However, before these plans could be implemented, the Japanese commenced their invasion of Southeast Asia in late 1941.
Space radiation simulation using blowout plasma wakes at the SAMURAI Lab

Abstract We discuss the creation of broadband electron energy spectra using plasma wakefield acceleration at the SAMURAI Lab as part of the UCLA Particle Beam Physics Laboratory group. As the exploration and development of space increases, it will become important to efficiently replicate radiation conditions that exist in low earth orbit and planetary space. Missions such as satellite deployment and exploration of other planets, i.e. the Juno probe launched to explore Jupiter [1] , require electronics that are able to withstand the electron radiation spectrum present in these locations. This requires Earth-based testing for development of robust electronics with respect to electron radiation exposure. Conventional accelerators are poorly suited for this purpose because they are designed for monoenergetic electron beams. Current simulation schemes involve the interpolation of discrete exposure tests, with time structures entirely different from space events. This idea poorly captures the radiation damage physics seen in the real world. Conversely, the wakefields produced in the blowout regime of beam plasma wakefield accelerators can be used to create the full spectrum of space radiation including high energy “killer” electrons by injecting a long bunch to excite the plasma blowout. With a long bunch ( k p σ z ≈ 2 ) the beam will feel both accelerating and decelerating fields, resulting in an exponential or power law energy spectrum distribution seen in regions outside the Earth and Jupiter. This can be achieved at the new SAMURAI lab at UCLA resulting in broadband energy spectra with maximum energies up to 100 MeV that correctly reflect the radiative conditions of space in low Earth orbit and around Jupiter.
The Spectrum of Non-accidental Injuries (Child Abuse) and Its Imitators

Skeletal injuries are the most common findings noted on imaging studies in cases of child abuse. In infants (<1 year), they result from manual assault that may include shaking. In contrast to central nervous system and other visceral injuries, they are rarely life-threatening. However, documentation of skeletal trauma is often central to the diagnosis of abuse. In infants, certain lesions are sufficiently characteristic to point strongly to the diagnosis of inflicted trauma (Table 1). Other fractures are less specific for abuse, but when correlated with other imaging findings and clinical information their presence may add strong support for the diagnosis. Open image in new window Table 1 Specificity of raddiologic findings
The politics of contested urban space: The 2013 protest movement in Brazil

In June 2013, Brazil witnessed one of its largest protest movements in history when more than 1 million Brazilians marched on city streets to demand improvements to urban life. As the epicenters of...
"Globalist Scumbags": Composition's Global Turn in a Time of Fake News, Globalist Conspiracy, and Nationalist Literacy

The past twenty years have witnessed a significant and sustained global turn in American higher education, with many US colleges and universities pursuing curricular and institutional programs that prepare students for lives of global engagement. Many institutions have redefined their civic and ethical institutional goals to foster not only national citizenship but global citizenship. While global education has consistently been attacked by the right for many years, the scope and virulence of attacks on global higher education have been amplified in the lead-up to the 2016 presidential campaign and following the election of Donald Trump. Portrayals of global education as a global conspiracy have circulated across a range of fake-news, alt-right, and hard right publications, as have calls for nationalist visions of civic education that instill an appreciation for American exceptionalism. This article maps out how global higher education is constructed in the populist rhetoric of the political right, both in accounts from fake news sources and hard right news sources and in the educational policy discourse of conservative organizations like the National Association of Scholars. It then explores the consequences of anti-global education rhetoric for the global turn in rhetoric and composition studies and maps out both a critical and political response.
The Right to El Mall

Arlene Davila. 2016. El Mall: The Spatial and Class Politics of Shopping Malls in Latin America. Oakland: University of California Press. 215 pages.Apocalyptic images of abandoned shopping malls ac...
A game Pareto complete analysis in n-dimensions: a general applicative study case

The study proposed here considers an applicable game model, in a specific non-linear interfering scenario, with n possible interacting elements. We find the Pareto maximal boundary by using the Carfi’s payoff analysis method for differentiable games. The core section of the paper studies the game by finding the critical zone of the game in its Cartesian form. At this aim, we need to prove an intricate theorem and a technical lemma about the Jacobian determinant of the examined n-game.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases — Borrowing from History

Monoclonal Antibodies for Infectious Diseases Research advances could facilitate use of monoclonal antibodies for emerging infectious diseases — in treatment of infected individuals, targeted prophylaxis to protect high-risk individuals, and targeted prophylaxis to interrupt transmission in average-risk populations.
Subcritical water extraction of amino acids from Mars analog soils.

For decades, the Martian regolith has stymied robotic mission efforts to catalog the organic molecules present. Perchlorate salts, found widely throughout Mars, are the main culprit as they breakdown and react with organics liberated from the regolith during pyrolysis, the primary extraction technique attempted to date on Mars. This work further develops subcritical water extraction (SCWE) as a technique for extraction of amino acids on future missions. The effect of SCWE temperature (185, 200, and 215°C) and duration of extraction (10-120 min) on the total amount and distribution of amino acids recovered was explored for three Mars analog soils (JSC Mars-1A simulant, an Atacama desert soil, and an Antarctic Dry Valleys soil) and bovine serum albumin (as a control solution of known amino acid content). Total amounts of amino acids extracted increased with both time and temperature; however, the distribution shifted notably due to the destruction of the amino acids with charged or polar side chains at the higher temperatures. The pure bovine serum albumin solution and JSC Mars 1A also showed lower yields than the Atacama and Antarctic extractions suggesting that SCWE may be less effective at hydrolyzing large or aggregated proteins. Changing solvent from water to a dilute (10 mM) HCl solution allowed total extraction efficiencies comparable to the higher temperature/time combinations while using the lowest temperature/time (185°C/20 min). The dilute HCl extractions also did not lead to the shift in amino acid distribution observed at the higher temperatures. Additionally, adding sodium perchlorate salt to the extraction did not interfere with recoveries. Native magnetite in the JSC Mars-1A may have been responsible for destruction of glycine, as evidenced by its uncharacteristic decrease as the temperature/time of extraction increased. This work shows that SCWE can extract high yields of native amino acids out of Mars analog soils with minimal disruption of the distribution of those amino acids, even in the presence of a perchlorate salt.
3D Hydrodynamic Focusing for Optofluidics Using a Stacked Channel Design

We present a 3D hydrodynamic focusing design suitable for optofluidic devices allowing planar fabrication and velocity independent particle focusing. Simulations are presented and fabrication outlined with evidence that stacked SU8 layers are suitable building blocks.
A Source for Menasseh ben Israel’s Printer’s Mark

This zuta offers a presentation of the various printer’s marks used by Menasseh ben Israel, and especially the discovery of some sources in Dutch emblem literature for his most prominent and well-known mark and its motto, ‘Non odit tamen.’
Image analysis and histochemistry to identify mobile stem resources for seed production in soybean

Resources for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] pods are supplied initially from newly assimilated chemicals. As reproduction progresses, dependence on stored reserves increases. Seed weight is sensi...
Un-Homey States: Econo-Mimetics of Homelessness in US Latinx Poetry

“Un-Homey States” uses Freud’s influential elaboration of the concept of the uncanny to address questions of citizenship, authorized and unauthorized immigration, and forms of radical, often violent depatriation and practical, existential homelessness, all of compelling, urgent interest over recent decades to US Latinx studies writ large; the section then deploys Freud’s concept to read closely works of lyrical verse by a trio of Chicanx poets, Eduardo Corral, Rigoberto Gonzalez, and Ada Limon, who have published important collections in the second decade of the twenty-first century, a period conditioned simultaneously by state failures precipitating from both the financial collapse of 2008 and the indefinite stalemate on comprehensive immigration reform in the United States.
The effect of political affiliation on support for police drone monitoring in the United States

As unmanned aerial systems grow in popularity, police agencies are using this technology to provide aerial support for officers; however, public opinion could affect the success of this technologic...
[Dis]integration: Second-Order Diversity and Schools

This article challenges the prevailing definition of diversity in schools. Borrowing from legal theorist Heather Gerken, it argues that diversity is best understood not simply as a rationale for creating integrated spaces, but also [dis]integrated ones, places where minority students and faculty can occupy majority positions, and are able to exercise majority control. Such spaces serve legitimate pedagogical goals that are different from those associated with statistical integration, and therefore warrant consideration by courts tasked with reviewing the use of race in university admissions.