cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Teams and Technology to Improve Outcomes in Infants With Single Ventricle

Infants with single ventricle require staged cardiac surgery, with stage I typically performed shortly after birth, stage II at 4 to 6 months of age, and stage III at 3 to 5 years of age. There is a high risk of interstage mortality and morbidity after infants are discharged from the hospital between stages I and II. Traditional home monitoring requires caregivers to record measurements of weight and oxygen saturation into a binder and requires families to assume a surveillance role. We have developed a tablet PC-based solution that provides secure and nearly instantaneous transfer of patient information to a cloud-based server, with the capacity for instant alerts to be sent to the caregiver team. The cloud-based IT infrastructure lends itself well to being able to be scaled to multiple sites while maintaining strict control over the privacy of each site. All transmitted data are transferred to the electronic medical record daily. The system conforms to recently released Food and Drug Administration regulation that pertains to mobile health technologies and devices. Since this platform was developed in March 2014, 30 patients have been monitored. There have been no interstage deaths. The experience of care providers has been unanimously positive. The addition of video has added to the use of the monitoring program. Of 30 families, 23 expressed a preference for the tablet PC over the notebook, 3 had no preference, and 4 preferred the notebook to the tablet PC.
Experimental study on toxicity of a hand disinfection compound solution

Objective To understand the toxicity of a hand disinfection solution containning triclosan and ethanol as its main germicidal ingredients.Methods Animal test was used to observe its acute toxicity 、subacute toxicity 、irritation and skin sensitization.Results The oral toxicity LD50 of hand disinfection solution for both rats and mice were more than 5 000 mg/kg·bw;Induction of PCE micronucleus rate by different dosage showed no significant difference as compared with the negative control group;Its stock solution was non-irritating to rabbit skin;The sensitizing rate of guinea-pig was 0%;The body weight and blood routine of animals of different dosage groups(250、500、1 000 mg/kg·bw) showed no significant difference as compared with those in the control group.A few of the blood biochemical parameters in animals of the test group had some change,however,they were still within the normal range of this laboratory,and without any difference of toxicology,no obvious pathological change of various organs was found in the tested animals.Conclusions This hand disinfection solution belongs to practically non-toxic class,it does not induce any micronucleus formation,and is non-irritating to rabbit skin and does not cause sensitization.In the subacute toxicity test,the no-observed-adverse-effect level(NOAEL) was 1 000 mg/kg·bw.
The association of ideal cardiovascular health with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Levels of ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus have not been examined in a multiethnic population. We assessed the total and race/ethnicity-specific incidence of diabetes based on American Heart Association (AHA) ICH components. Incident diabetes was assessed among 5341 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis without prevalent diabetes between 2002 and 2012. ICH components (total cholesterol, BP, dietary intake, tobacco use, physical activity and BMI) were assessed at baseline and participants were categorised as having ideal, intermediate or poor cardiovascular health, as defined by the AHA 2020 impact goals. We developed a scoring system based on the number of ICH components (0–1 ‘poor’, 2–3 ‘intermediate’, and ≥4 ‘ideal’). HRs were calculated using Cox models. During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, we identified 587 cases of incident diabetes. After multivariable adjustment, participants with 2–3 and ≥4 ICH components vs 0–1 components had a 34% lower (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.54, 0.80) and a 75% lower (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.18, 0.35) diabetes incidence, respectively. There were significant differences by race/ethnicity: African-American and Hispanic-American participants with ≥4 ICH components had diabetes incidence rates per 1000 person-years of 5.6 (95% CI 3.1, 10.1) and 10.5 (95% CI 6.7, 16.4), respectively, compared with 2.2 (95% CI 1.3, 3.7) among non-Hispanic white Americans. Meeting an increasing number of AHA 2020 impact goals for dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, BP, cholesterol and BMI was associated with a dose-dependent lower risk of diabetes with significant variation by race/ethnicity.
Selective Self-Presentation and Social Comparison Through Photographs on Social Networking Sites

Abstract Through social media and camera phones, users enact selective self-presentation as they choose, edit, and post photographs of themselves (such as selfies) to social networking sites for an imagined audience. Photos typically focus on users' physical appearance, which may compound existing sociocultural pressures about body image. We identified users of social networking sites among a nationally representative U.S. sample (N = 1,686) and examined women's and men's photo-related behavior, including posting photos, editing photos, and feelings after engaging in upward and downward social comparison with others' photos on social networking sites. We identified some sex differences: women edited photos more frequently and felt worse after upward social comparison than men. Body image and body comparison tendency mediated these effects.
The Microbial Flora of Rock Shrimp-Sicyonia brevirostris

The microbial flora of rock shrimp (Sicyonia brevirostris) taken off the East Coast of Central Florida was studied. Gram negative bacteria, particularly the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group, represented most organisms isolated from the fresh shrimp. Gram positive organisms were found in greater number after iced storage, with Planococcus increasing from 10% of the isolates on fresh shrimp to 40% on the red samples. Examination of the fungal population showed only yeasts to be present, with members of the genus Rhodotorula being the only survivors of iced storage.
Resonant magnetoelastic microstructures for wireless actuation of liquid flow on 3D surfaces and use in glaucoma drainage implants

Magnetoelastic resonators made from metal alloy foils are widely used for miniature wireless anti-theft tags and have also been explored for use in various sensing applications. Through annealing within three-dimensional (3D) molds, these foils can be formed into curved structures. Consequently, magnetoelastic materials present an opportunity for the development of a new class of wireless, actuators that have small form factors and low surface profiles and that can conform to curved surfaces. This paper describes passive, wireless, resonant magnetoelastic actuators intended for the generation of fluid flow on the surfaces of implantable Ahmed glaucoma drainage devices. The actuators are remotely excited to resonance using a magnetic field generated by external coils. The fluid flow is intended to limit cellular adhesion to the surface of the implant, as this adhesion can ultimately lead to implant encapsulation and failure. The actuators are micromachined from planar 29-μm-thick foils of Metglas 2826MB (Fe40Ni38Mo4B18), an amorphous magnetoelastic alloy, using photochemical machining. Measuring 10.3 × 5.6 mm2, the planar structures are annealed in 3D molds to conform to the surface of the drainage device, which has an aspherical curvature. Six actuator designs are described, with varying shapes and resonant mode shapes. The resonant frequencies for the different designs vary from 520 Hz to 4.7 kHz. Flow velocities of up to 266 μm s−1 are recorded at a wireless activation range of 25–30 mm, with peak actuator vibration amplitudes of 1.5 μm. Integrated actuators such as those described here have the potential to greatly enhance the effectiveness of glaucoma drainage devices at lowering eye pressure and may also be useful in other areas of medicine. Implantable microstructures that respond to magnetic stimulation could transform therapy for the eye disease glaucoma. In this condition, fluid accumulation builds pressure that damages the optic nerve and induces blindness. As an alternative to conventional treatment with pharmaceuticals or laser surgery, drainage implants relieve the pressure by releasing excess fluid through a tube. However, over time these implants become clogged by fibrous cells. To alleviate such fouling, Venkatram Pepakayala and co-workers from the University of Michigan, USA, have developed thin metal alloy objects that vibrate under the action of an oscillating magnetic field. Thermally curved to conform to the biodevice, these objects can be embedded in the eye with the implant then activated using a toothbrush-sized magnet. Preliminary assessments demonstrate their ability to create vibrations in water that can prevent cell adhesion and proliferation.
Abstract P220: Anthrax Receptor Regulation of FAK and JNK Activation in Cardiac Myocytes

We previously demonstrated that anthrax lethal toxin (LT, protective antigen [PA] + lethal factor [LF]) produces acute systolic heart failure, characterized by increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume, reduced ejection fraction and decreased contractility in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The molecular basis for the cardiac dysfunction observed in either an animal model or clinical setting of anthrax toxicity remains to be examined. Previously, we tested LT dose-response effects on isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) at a dose of 0.05 ng/mL PA + 0.025 ng/mL LF diminished PLB and JNK phosphorylation from 1h to 4 h. During the LT+PA time-course, Akt phosphorylation at both Thr 308 and Ser 473 were also significantly reduced at all time points from 30 min to 4 h, accompanied by elevated B56α total protein and intracellular Ca 2+ , and reduced PLB phosphorylation. This response is mediated by translocation of LF into the cell through the anthrax receptors 1 and 2 (ATR1/2), which are structurally similar to integrins. In this study, we tested whether stimulation of ATR1/2 by PA alone can induce activation of the integrin effectors, FAK and JNK. Cardiac myocytes were treated time dependently (5 sec - 30 min) by PA at 0.25 ng/mL, and activation of FAK protein at different residues was determined. PA induced phosphorylation of FAK-Tyr 861 at 15 sec (p 397 or FAK-Tyr 925 phosphorylation for any of the time points. Furthermore, we found that PA alone maximally increased JNK phosphorylation at 15 min of treatment (p B. anthracis PA stimulation and involvement in acute responses in regulation of FAK and JNK activation in independent of AT1 and EGFR pathway.
선거를 통한 불확실성 해소에 대한 대한민국 투자자들의 반응 연구 (Research on Korean Investor's Reaction to the Political Uncertainty Resolving)

Korean Abstract: 선거 등의 정치적 사건은 경제에 미치는 영향으로 인해 주식시장 참여자들에게 많은 관심의 대상이다. 투자자들의 미래 시장 상황에 대한 기대를 옵션거래 정보로부터 추출한 위험중립 확률분포를 통해 유추하는 방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 2중 혼합로그 정규분포를 가정하여 선거에 대한 투자자들의 기대 변화를 살펴보았다. 2004년 17대 국회의원 총선거의 경우 투자자들이 지각하는 불확실성이 선거결과 발표 이후 오히려 증가하는 모습을 보였다. 2007년 17대 대통령 선거를 분석한 결과, 여론조사 결과와는 달리 투자자들은 선거 전 상당한 불확실성을 감지하고 있었으며, 이 불확실성이 선거결과의 발표에 반응하여 빠르게 해소되었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 2008년 18대 국회의원 선거의 경우 선거 발표 전의 예측과 거의 차이가 없는 결과가 나오면서 투자자들의 기대에 별다른 영향을 끼치지 못했음이 밝혀졌다. 이를 종합해 볼 때, 투자자들은 단순히 선거결과에 반응하는 것이 아니라, 선거결과가 경제에 미칠 영향을 종합적으로 판단하여 기대를 형성하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. English Abstract: Due to its significant impact on the financial markets, the political events such as elections have intrigued investors. Inferring investors’ expectation through the implied risk neutral distribution is widely used. This research studies the change of investors’ expectation around election days under the mixture of two log-normal assumptions. In the 17th general election at 2004, the investors’ perceived risk increased after the final returns. In the 17th presidential election at 2007, on the contrary to the polls, investors perceive a significant amount of uncertainty before the election. However the uncertainty was resolved quickly after the final return. In the 18th general election at 2008, there was no important effect of the final return, since the result was well predicted beforehand. In sum, investors react to not only the final returns but also the comprehensive effect of the election.
Social function of a variable lateral stripe in Xiphophorus hellerii

In a single population of a livebearing fish, the green swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii), a trait considered a static badge of status in males of other populations, the color of a stripe covering the lateral line, has been found to be dynamic relative to their social environment, potentially rendering this signal meaningless. Males change the color expression of their lateral stripe dynamically based on social environment. We investigated if males (n = 26) respond to visual and chemical information about other males with a color change and aggressive behavior. We found that visual information is indeed causing color change, whereas chemical information is less effective. Aggressive responses and frequency of response did not change significantly with the mode of communication. We also studied female preferences for color, but found no significant preference (n = 32). Our results lead to questions as to how interpopulation variation can affect preferences and how dynamic signaling—in this case signal transmission presumably dependent on sex and/or status—influences the behavioral interactions we might expect between X. hellerii in the field.
Glucose for the heart: too much of a good thing?

Heart disease, often presenting as premature and accelerated coronary artery disease, is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus ([1,2][1]). The systemic metabolic dysregulation, manifested as hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia with increased plasma fatty acid levels, affects both the
A Robust Molecular Network Motif for Period-Doubling Devices.

Life is sustained by a variety of cyclic processes such as cell division, muscle contraction, and neuron firing. The periodic signals powering these processes often direct a variety of other downstream systems, which operate at different time scales and must have the capacity to divide or multiply the period of the master clock. Period modulation is also an important challenge in synthetic molecular systems, where slow and fast components may have to be coordinated simultaneously by a single oscillator whose frequency is often difficult to tune. Circuits that can multiply the period of a clock signal (frequency dividers), such as binary counters and flip-flops, are commonly encountered in electronic systems, but design principles to obtain similar devices in biological systems are still unclear. We take inspiration from the architecture of electronic flip-flops, and we propose to build biomolecular period-doubling networks by combining a bistable switch with negative feedback modules that preprocess the c...
Occupational Animal Allergy

This review explores animal allergen exposure in research laboratories and other work settings, focusing on causes and prevention. (1) Consistent with the hygiene hypothesis, there is new evidence that early childhood exposure to pets produces changes in the gut microbiome that likely lead to a lower risk of allergy. (2) Anaphylaxis from laboratory animal bites occurs more frequently than suggested by prior literature. (3) Animal allergens represent an occupational hazard in a wide variety of work settings ranging from fields that work with animals to public settings like schools and public transportation where allergens are brought into or are present in the workplace. Exposure to animal allergens can result in allergy, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Animal allergy has been most studied in the research laboratory setting, where exposure reduction can prevent the development of allergy. Similar prevention approaches need to be considered for other animal work environments and in all settings where animal allergens are present.
Age and the Labor Market

Americans are legitimately concerned about the changing nature of employment relationships in our society. One focus of this concern is whether opportunities for productive work will continue to be available to successive cohorts of workers as they begin to reach old age. For the generation of American workers who are already close to or beyond traditional retirement ages, this issue plays out in their day-to-day experience as well as in the pages of the daily press and in business periodicals. However, despite the apparent level of popular interest in this subject, academic researchers have yet to produce uncontested evidence that changes in the labor market are as dramatic as those described in recent press reports. This is particularly true with regard to the fate of older workers in a restructuring economy For example, the suspicion that employer cutbacks disproportionately affect older workers is a widespread belief and a thesis advanced in some academic literature (Calasanti and Bonanno 1992; Sum and Fogg 1990). However, existing empirical studies and reviews provide conflicting evidence and less than overwhelming support for this assertion. And there are other missing pieces in the recent empirical literature on the changing nature of job security in our society. There is little systematic information on how trends in older workers’ employment situation compare to those of younger people, and even less is known about how trends in perceptions of job security differ between older and younger workers.
What gives? Getting over the subject: François Raffoul, Heidegger and the Subject

Presentation de l'ouvrage de F. Raffoul intitule «Heidegger et le sujet» (1998), qui contourne le debat franco-allemand sur le subjectivisme de «Etre et temps» en adoptant une lecture methodologique et ontologique du sujet. L'A. met en evidence certaines ambiguites dans le discours de Raffoul concernant la notion de destruction phenomenologique, la problematique de l'idealisme, le concept d'etre-en-soi et l'idee d'un appel de la conscience chez Heidegger.
Methods and applications of three-color confocal imaging.

A simple method for constructing two and three-color merged images from grayscale confocal fluorescence images using Adobe PhotoshopTM is outlined. Various computer methods for manipulating and dis...
Mackey, Harish-Chandra, and representation theory

Some personal reminiscences of Mackey and Harish-Chandra together with brief comments on their work.
Polarization and the Nationalization of State Legislative Elections

The electoral fortunes of state parties are partly shaped by the positions adopted by national parties. This creates the potential dilemma: The position that is best for the national party might be...
Transverse to longitudinal mode conversion via nonlinear inertial effects in a locally resonant metamaterial plate

Acoustic and elastic metamaterials have potential for tailoring wave propagation in ways beyond the capabilities of conventional materials and have been shown to exhibit a myriad of rich dynamical effects, such as negative effective properties, cloaking, extreme damping, and non-reciprocity. However, most of the existing literature has been focused on linear dynamics in which these behaviors are restricted to narrow frequency bands. More recently, nonlinearity has been investigated as a method of increasing this bandwidth, as well as a means to broaden the palette of available dynamics. Past studies on nonlinear acoustic and elastic metamaterials have demonstrated effects not easily accessible in the linear regime, including harmonic generation, mode hopping and conversion, tunable band gaps, chaos, and intrinsic localized modes. In this work, we present a model for a nonlinear elastic plate metamaterial that exhibits mode conversion between transverse and longitudinal waves. The mode conversion is enabled by cantilevered beam attachments undergoing large-angle out-of-plane oscillations. By analyzing the unit cell of this locally-resonant plate, we interpret the transverse-longitudinal coupling as a nonlinear, anisotropic effective mass density. The mode conversion effect is demonstrated via direct numerical simulations. [Work supported by NSF and ARL:UT.]
Managing Infectious Disease in the Critically Ill Elderly Patient

Infections and subsequent sepsis are an increasing cause of hospital admission and critical illness in the elderly population. The risk factors that predispose elderly patients to infections, such as comorbidities and frailty, also contribute to prolonged recovery times and subsequent mortality. Elderly patients may present with atypical symptoms such as delirium and remain afebrile thus delaying the diagnosis of infections. White blood cell count is not as useful in the diagnosis of infection as other biomarkers such as procalcitonin. Once an infection has begun, the elderly patient has less physiologic cardiac and respiratory reserve and develops end organ damage more rapidly. Frailty itself is strongly associated with high rates of first time sepsis. Mortality risk from sepsis clearly increases with age. Appropriate antibiotics and source control are necessary components of sepsis management as is early fluid resuscitation. Fluid resuscitation must be performed judiciously with appropriate endpoints utilizing bedside cardiac ultrasound and IVC collapsibility to avoid fluid overload. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 1/3–2/3 of elderly septic patients and increases mortality. AKI is potentially preventable with appropriate and timely fluid resuscitation and avoiding nephrotoxic medications including loading doses of vancomycin, limiting aminoglycoside exposure to < 3 days, and minimizing colistin use. Source control within 12 h when appropriate improves outcome. Specific infections, including Clostridium difficile, community-acquired pneumonia, and urinary tract infection, pose unique challenges in the elderly. Early goals-of-care discussions emphasizing potential complications and undesirable outcomes must be discussed when caring for critically ill elderly patients. Early recognition of sepsis via identification of atypical signs and symptoms in elderly patients is critical. This allows for timely and appropriate therapy to decrease the incidence of end organ damage and mortality in high-risk elderly patients.
Effect of Aberrations in Femtosecond Laser Writing Using the Phase Mask Technique

The combined effect of chromatic dispersion and conical diffraction in femtosecond laser writing using the phase mask technique is characterized by measuring the axial intensity distribution. Optimum writing distance from the phase mask is experimentally determined.
Modulation of the cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchanger by cytoplasmic protons: Molecular mechanisms and physiological implications

A precise temporal and spatial control of intracellular Ca2+ concentration is essential for a coordinated contraction of the heart. Following contraction, cardiac cells need to rapidly remove intracellular Ca2+ to allow for relaxation. This task is performed by two transporters: the plasma membrane Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). NCX extrudes Ca2+ from the cell, balancing the Ca2+entering the cytoplasm during systole through L-type Ca2+ channels. In parallel, following SR Ca2+ release, SERCA activity replenishes the SR, reuptaking Ca2+ from the cytoplasm. The activity of the mammalian exchanger is fine-tuned by numerous ionic allosteric regulatory mechanisms. Micromolar concentrations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ potentiate NCX activity, while an increase in intracellular Na+ levels inhibits NCX via a mechanism known as Na+-dependent inactivation. Protons are also powerful inhibitors of NCX activity. By regulating NCX activity, Ca2+, Na+ and H+ couple cell metabolism to Ca2+ homeostasis and therefore cardiac contractility. This review summarizes the recent progress towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the ionic regulation of the cardiac NCX with special emphasis on pH modulation and its physiological impact on the heart.
A Falling Film Bioreactor (FFBR) for Generating Effective Gas-to-Liquid Mass Transfer using Wavy Laminar Flow for Continuous Microbial Gas Processing

Abstract Efficient recycling of gaseous carbon to chemicals using immobilized microorganisms is possible with reduced water use and power input for gas-liquid (GL) mass transfer using a falling film bioreactor (FFBR). In a FFBR, a wavy laminar liquid film (Re 103 h−1 were achieved. Liquid film thickness was measured by a novel image analysis method using 4K photography.
Effect of Grain Size on the Fracture Behavior of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Thin Films for Solar Cells

Abstract Organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) thin films at the heart of the new perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are very brittle, limiting the mechanical reliability of PSCs. Here we show that fine-grained MAPbI3 (prototypical OIHP) films with grain size (~290 nm) smaller than the typical film thickness (~500 nm) tend to fracture intergranularly, resulting in low toughness (0.41 J.m−2). In contrast, MAPbI3/substrate interfacial fracture occurs in films with grains larger (~730 nm) than the film thickness, resulting in much higher toughness (1.14 J.m−2). Thus, coarse-grained OIHP films are deemed desirable for not only improved PSCs performance and stability but also mechanical reliability.
The Florida Bull Test 2016–2017

The 17th annual Florida Bull Test Sale was held on January 21, 2017 at the conclusion of the 2016-2017 Florida Bull Test. The test evaluated the performance potential and breeding soundness of bulls consigned to the program at the UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC). This new 9-page fact sheet discusses test procedures, assessment of feed efficiency, test rules and regulations, health requirements, and test results. Written by Luara B. Canal, G. Cliff Lamb, and Nicolas DiLorenzo, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, February 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an341
Neutron-Diffraction Study of Magnetic Ordering in U P 0.75 S 0.25

The magnetic ordering of U${\mathrm{P}}_{0.75}$${\mathrm{S}}_{0.25}$, which has the NaCl-type structure, has been determined by powder neutron-diffraction techniques. The initial ordering at about 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is ferromagnetic. At around 70\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, a ferrimagnetic structure appears in which ferromagnetic (001) sheets are directed along the $c$ axis in the sequence 5+, 4-, 5+, 4-,.... This corresponds to a ferrimagnetic antiphase type of structure in which the period of modulation is $4.5c$ and which closely resembles the low-temperature structure of thulium. The ordered moment in this structure is about $1.4{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per uranium atom, and the net spontaneous moment is $0.16{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$, which is in agreement with magnetization measurements. Below about 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, a further transition occurs, resulting in the type-$\mathrm{I}A$ antiferromagnetic structure, in which the sheets are stacked in the sequence 2+, 2-, 2+, 2-,... with an ordered moment of $1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$. The magnetic ordering in this material, which is a good conductor of electricity, provides strong evidence that long-range oscillatory interactions of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) type between localized moments are important in actinide materials.
Sovereign Immunity in Theological Ethics

Closely akin to the ancient Protagoras-Euathlus paradox of contractual obligation is a doctrine clash that arose among Renaissance jurists regarding the conception of sovereign immunity. This principle is encapsulated in a precept of Roman jurisprudence law to the effect that rex non potest peccare: the king can do no wrong; he is “above the law.”
Predicting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease for Adults Using Practical Clinical Measures: Evidence from the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Many adults have risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Screening all adults with risk factors for NAFLD using imaging is not feasible. To develop a practical scoring tool for predicting NAFLD using participant demographics, medical history, anthropometrics, and lab values. Cross-sectional. Data came from 6194 white, African American, Hispanic, and Chinese American participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort, ages 45–85 years. NAFLD was identified by liver computed tomography (≤ 40 Hounsfield units indicating > 30% hepatic steatosis) and data on 14 predictors was assessed for predicting NAFLD. Random forest variable importance was used to identify the minimum subset of variables required to achieve the highest predictive power. This subset was used to derive (n = 4132) and validate (n = 2063) a logistic regression–based score (NAFLD-MESA Index). A second NAFLD-Clinical Index excluding laboratory predictors was also developed. NAFLD prevalence was 6.2%. The model included eight predictors: age, sex, race/ethnicity, type 2 diabetes, smoking history, body mass index, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and triglycerides (TG). The NAFLD-Clinical Index model excluded GGT and TG. In the NAFLD-MESA model, the derivation set achieved an AUCNAFLD-MESA = 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.86), and the validation set an AUCNAFLD-MESA = 0.80 (0.77 to 0.84). The NAFLD-Clinical Index model was AUCClinical = 0.78 [0.75 to 0.81] in the derivation set and AUCClinical = 0.76 [0.72 to 0.80] in the validation set (pBonferroni-adjusted < 0.01). The two models are simple but highly predictive tools that can aid clinicians to identify individuals at high NAFLD risk who could benefit from imaging.
Moving Beyond Comprehensive Exams: Implementing Authentic Assessments to Enhance Doctoral Student Learning

This article explores how a Midwestern Christian university’s doctoral program aligns an authentic assessment process of evaluation, in lieu of comprehensive exams, with the university’s tag line t...
Sugar Transport Across Epithelia

The transport of d-glucose, d-galactose, and d-fructose across epithelial cells is mediated by SGLTs, GLUT5, and GLUT2 in the apical and/or basolateral membrane. The SGLTs (sodium–glucose cotransporters) are responsible for active glucose transport, while the GLUTs (facilitative glucose transporters) are responsible for passive glucose and fructose transport. The structure and function of each of these transport proteins are summarized, and then we highlight the similarities and differences between these two classes of membrane transporters. We next discuss their roles in sugar absorption in the intestine and glucose reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney. Reference is made to genetic disorders of glucose transport in the intestine, Glucose–Galactose Malabsorption, and in the kidney, Familial Renal Glucosuria, and the Fanconi–Bickel syndrome, and the use of specific SGLT2 inhibitors to treat Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
Hypotensive Anesthesia does not reduce Transfusion Rates during and after Acetabular Fracture Surgery

Abstract Background: Acetabular fracture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is generally associated with high intraoperative blood loss. Hypotensive anesthesia has been shown to decrease blood loss and intraoperative transfusion in total joint arthroplasty and posterior spinal fusion. In this study, we assessed the effect of reduction in intraoperative mean arterial pressures (MAPs) during acetabular fracture surgery on intraoperative blood loss and need for transfusion. Methods: Three hundred and one patients with acetabular fractures who underwent ORIF at an academic Level 1 trauma center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were separated based on mean intraoperative MAPs ( 70 mmHg). Thirteen patients had mean intraoperative MAP 70 mmHg. Rates of intraoperative and postoperative allogeneic blood transfusion were compared. Results: Mean intraoperative MAPs were significantly different between groups (p 30 (p Conclusion: Decreased intraoperative MAP during acetabular fracture surgery does not reduce blood loss or need for transfusion. On the other hand, no increased end-organ ischemia was seen with hypotensive anesthesia. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III
SOC 2265: Culture, Inequality, Recognition Syllabus

Spring 2019 syllabus for a graduate-level sociology course on Culture, Inequality, and Recognition.
Recurrent Transient Global Amnesia (S13.002)

Objective: To determine risk factors for recurrence of transient global amnesia (TGA). Background: TGA is usually an isolated event; though recurrence rates vary considerably among studies. Compared to single cases, recurrent episodes may reflect increased susceptibility to physiological, environmental, or genetic factors. Design/Methods: Cross sectional retrospective study of 1044 cases of TGA presenting to Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota between 1992 and 2017. Comparison of single versus recurrent cases, focusing on demographics, precipitating factors, comorbid medical conditions, and family history. Results: There were 901 single and 143 recurrent cases. The two groups were similar in age at the time of analysis, sex, identifiable triggers, and duration of anterograde amnesia. Average interval between recurrent episodes was 3.9 +/− 4.7 years. The number of recurrences ranged from one to nine, with greater than 95% of individuals having three or fewer recurrences in their lifetime. Average age at first onset of TGA was 65.2 +/− 10 years for single cases versus 58.8 +/− 10.3 years for recurrent cases (p Conclusions: Our study suggests that recurrent TGA is associated with earlier age of onset and higher frequency of both personal and family history of migraine compared to isolated cases. Disclosure: Dr. Morris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rabinstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Young has nothing to disclose.
'The Idea of Innocent Martyrdom in Late Tenth- and Eleventh-Century English Hagiology'

Kings and princes who were classed as ‘innocent martyrs’ or ‘passion-sufferers’ because they were thought to have been murdered in Christlike circumstances were known in many parts of Europe in the Middle Ages. This paper is about six Anglo-Saxon saints of this type, who are also distinguished by their youth. All of them were thought to have been boys or teenage males when they were martyred. To date, work on these saints has concentrated on questions concerning the origins of their cults, and their relationship to the institution of kingship. The purpose of this paper, however, is to draw attention to the ways in which certain religious communities redefined their sanctity in the late tenth and eleventh century, and to make some tentative suggestions about the possible uses to which these cults were put in this milieu.
cDNA primers for quantitative analysis of protective compounds implicated in beech bark disease resistance in American beech, Fagus grandifolia

Fagus grandifolia is being decimated by the fungal-insect disease complex, beech bark disease (BBD). Little to no genomic sequence makes it difficult to isolate the mechanisms of resistance. In order to conserve the rapidly declining American beech populations, quantitative PCR (qPCR) can be used to identify expression-level differences in protective compounds increased in trees resistant to BBD. Chalcone synthase and expansin have been suggested to play a role in disease resistance. Preliminary microarray experiments have shown elevated mRNA for both genes in trees resistant to BBD. Seven primers were designed for qPCR analysis to allow these protective compounds to be more fully evaluated as components of BBD resistance.
Buckling and Post-Buckling of Spherical Caps

The results of a numerical study of the buckling and initial post-buckling behavior of clamped shallow spherical shells under axisymmetric band type loads are presented. This behavior is studied, first, for a cap with fixed geometry when the radial location of a band load of constant width is allowed to vary; second, for a cap with fixed geometry under a uniform pressure distributed over the outer region of the cap; and third, for a band load of constant width and radial location when the shell geometry is allowed to vary. It is found in each of these studies that, for a significant range of the geometric shell parameter, λ, the spherical cap under axisymmetric band load is imperfection-sensitive.
Review of Numerical Modeling of Water Waves by Pengzhi Lin

In the last two decades, myriad numerical models and modeling techniques have been developed for simulating the properties and behavior of ocean waves under a variety of conditions. These include models for coastal wave propagation, wave agitation in harbors, overtopping of seawalls, wave-structure interaction, etc. Thanks to recent advances that have occurred in the past 20 years in computing power, both large-scale ocean and refined localscale coastal wave modeling can now be performed. The modeling techniques are based on a variety of governing equations, including Laplace equation, Boussinesq equations, Navier-Stokes equations, energy-balance equations, etc., involving either the steady or the unsteady mode, and either one, two, or three dimensions as well as numerous approximations. The numerical techniques also display wide variation: finite differences, finite elements, boundary elements, volume of fluid, meshless computations, etc. This explosion of modeling methods is certainly admirable and attests to the dynamism of the field; however, it sometimes confronts practitioners engineers needing models for project applications, researchers, model developers, and managers with confusion, because the pros and cons of certain models vis-a-vis others are infrequently discussed. This issue has occasionally been addressed in brief review papers Panchang et al. 1999; Isobe 1999, but Professor Pengzhi Lin’s recent book Numerical Modeling of Water Waves is, simply stated, a superb contribution. It is comprehensive and authoritative, covering practically the entire spectrum of modeling applications and methodologies that one encounters in this field. It is a
Participation, Online and Otherwise: What's the Difference for Policy Preferences?

Objective One explanation for why voters’ preferences are privileged by policymakers is that voters are likely to communicate their preferences through additional avenues as well. We examine this “communication hypothesis” by comparing the policy preferences of different types of political participators. Methods We analyze the National Annenberg Election Survey (2008) using latent class analysis to identify different types of political participators and multinomial logistic regression to compare the policy preferences of these participator types. Results Voters who also engage in additional online and/or offline political acts have policy preferences that differ in a number of meaningful ways from those who “only” vote. Conclusion The findings indicate that prior research has overlooked important evidence on the connection between citizen participation and political outcomes due to a primary focus on the act of voting. This study suggests how future research can assess the impact of citizens’ broader patterns of political participation.
Probability limit theorems and some questions in fluid mechanics 1)

A number of problems in fluid mechanics which have been dealt with by making use of a central limit theorem (and asymptotic normality) are mentioned. A discussion of central limit theorems for stationary processes and the need for some form of asymptotic independence is given.The concepts of uniform ergodicity and strong mixing are introduced.An example of asymptotic nonnormality is given when the form of asymptotic independence is not sufficiently strong.The derivation of a new result indicating that uniform ergodicity is strong mixing when there is trivial tail field is briefly sketched.
Molecular multitasking: statins lead to more arteries, less plaque.

Statins, commonly prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs, have also been identified as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatories and now, as angiogenic agents. Elucidation of the statin signal transduction pathway should reveal how one class of drugs can have so many activities (pages 1004–1010).
Incentives and opportunities for earnings management in initial public offerings

This paper examines accounting earnings and the associated accrual and cash flow components in the years surrounding an initial public offering (IPO) to study the incentives and opportunities for firms to manage earnings when going public. We identify firm and offering characteristics that may be related to the amount of earnings management in IPO firms. We find that age and ownership retention by original entrepreneurs are significantly negatively related to industry-adjusted discretionary accounting accruals. In addition, we find that net income and cash flow from operations increase in the fiscal year prior to the IPO, and decline significantly in the year of the IPO. Net income continues to decline subsequently but not cash flows. Discretionary working capital and total accruals in the year of the IPO are negatively related to future cash flows and the change in net income between the pre-and post-IPO period. Taken together, the evidence is consistent with a scenario where firms either time an IPO immediately after a year of unusually high cash flow or boost cash flows right before the IPO, and then use accounting accruals to sustain reported net income in the year of the IPO. Thus, the evidence is consistent with the IPO firm attempting to manage investor perceptions with discretionary accruals.
Reconfigurable Memristive Device Technologies

In this paper, we present a review of the state of the art in memristor technologies. Along with ionic conducting devices [i.e., conductive bridging random access memory (CBRAM)], we include phase change, and organic/organo–metallic technologies, and we review the most recent advances in oxide-based memristor technologies. We present progress on 3-D integration techniques, and we discuss the behavior of more mature memristive technologies in extreme environments.
UNIFICATION OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THE STRENGTH OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION

Understanding the evolution of reproductive isolation is tantamount to describing the origin of species. Therefore, a primary goal in evolutionary biology is to identify which reproductive barriers are most important to the process. To achieve this goal, the strength of multiple forms of isolation must be compared in an equivalent manner. However, a diversity of methods has been used to estimate barrier strength, falling into several mathematically distinct categories. This study provides a unified method for calculating isolation that relates the amount of gene flow experienced by taxa to random expectations in a simple linear framework. This approach has three distinct advantages over previous methods: (1) it is directly related to gene flow, (2) it is symmetrical, such that measures in both the positive and negative range are comparable, and (3) it is equivalent between broad categories of reproductive isolation, allowing for appropriate comparisons. This linear formulation can be adjusted for use in all forms of isolation, and can accommodate cases in which null expectations for con- and heterospecific gene flow differ. Additionally, this framework can be used to calculate total reproductive isolation and the relative contributions of individual barriers.
Analysis and design of DCM SEPIC PFC with adjustable output voltage

In this paper, a non-isolated hard switching DCM SEPIC PFC with adjustable output voltage is analyzed and designed. With PWM switching averaged model, DC-DC and PFC operation are discussed first. Then with coupled inductor model, a winding scheme is proposed to control the coupling coefficient of coupled inductors in SEPIC. With carefully designed coupling coefficient, the equivalent input inductance can be implemented with much smaller number of winding turns. For the voltage follower control scheme of DCM PFC, controller and notch filter design are discussed. With the notch filter or the PR controller in another word, THD of the input current can be greatly reduce. The analysis and design are verified by experimental results from a 1kW prototype.
Nonsingular two-dimensional black holes and classical string backgrounds.

We study a string-inspired classical two-dimensional (2D) effective field theory with [ital nonsingular] black holes as well as Witten's black hole among its static solutions. By a dimensional reduction, the static solutions are related to the [SL(2,[ital R])[sub [ital k]][direct product]U(1)]/U(1) coset model, or more precisely its [ital O](([alpha][prime])[sup 0]) approximation known as the 3D charged black string. The 2D effective action possesses a propagating degree of freedom, and the dynamics are highly nontrivial. A collapsing shell is shown to bounce into another universe without creating a curvature singularity on its path, and the potential instability of the Cauchy horizon is found to be irrelevant in that some of the infalling observers never approach the Cauchy horizon. Finally an SL(2,[ital R])[sub [ital k]]/U(1) nonperturbative coset metric, found and advocated by Dijkgraaf [ital et] [ital al]., is shown to be nonsingular and to coincide with one of the charged spacetimes found above. The implications of all these geometries are discussed in connection with black-hole evaporation.
Hydroforming of anisotropic aluminum tubes: Part I experiments

Abstract Hydroforming of aluminum tubes, despite its appeal in weight-sensitive applications, presents challenges such as the reduced ductility of Al in comparison to steel and its more complex constitutive behavior. This two-part series of papers details a combined experimental and analytical study of the process and its limits. Part I presents a custom laboratory-scale facility used to conduct a series of hydroforming experiments on relatively long Al-6260-T4 tubes. The initially circular tubes are inflated against a square die with rounded corners while simultaneously they are axially compressed in order to delay wall thinning and burst. A 2D numerical model was used to optimize the loading histories considered. Despite careful design of the process, burst proved to be a limiting factor as friction prevented uniform material feeding to the expected levels. Furthermore, prediction of burst was found to require the calibration and implementation of non-quadratic, anisotropic yield functions in the constitutive modeling and the use of numerical models that include all 3D effects of the setup. These models and their performance in predicting all aspects of the experimental results are discussed in Part II.
Role-playing as a training tool for reference student assistants

In recent years, reference student assistants have been assigned both more time at the reference desk and increasingly complex tasks. Reasons for this increasing reliance on student assistants include growing demands on the time of reference librarians, attempts to use staff more effectively, and concerns about the image of professional librarians. This reliance has necessitated effective training. The management literature shows that professional trainers have long relied on such active learning methods as role‐playing. In this article, Sheets briefly reviews the literature, then describes a role‐playing exercise that has been used successfully to train reference student assistants. She gives sample questions and make suggestions for conducting effective role‐playing sessions.