cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trump's Plan to Dismantle National Monuments Comes with Steep Cultural and Ecological Costs

Essay: In the few days since President Trump issued his Executive Order on National Monuments, many legal scholars have questioned the legality of his actions under the Antiquities Act. Indeed, if the president attempts to revoke or downsize a monument designation, such actions would be on shaky, if any, legal ground. But beyond President Trump’s dubious reading of the Antiquities Act, his threats also implicate a suite of other cultural and ecological laws implemented within our national monuments. By opening a Department of Interior review of all large-scale monuments designated since 1996, Trump places at risk two decades’ worth of financial and human investment in areas such as endangered species protection, ecosystem health, recognition of tribal interests and historical protection.
Distinctiveness in the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature

Research on the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) in sub-saharan Africa was considered sparse and fragmented. Today, a substantial number of studies are available on CSEC in the region. A total of 92 studies were selected and reviewed. Electronic database and manual searches were used to locate the studies. First, regarding the quality of the studies, several themes emerged, including (a) inadequate description of ethical considerations in some studies, (b) substantial participation of children in research on CSEC in the region, and (c) the use of participatory research strategy with children. Second, the findings show not only that most victims of CSEC have agency over their sexual transactions but that they also live with their families. Other distinctive aspects of CSEC in sub-saharan Africa include limited presence of pimps in CSEC and lack of research on mental health issues among child victims. The review challenges some key knowledge in the mainstream literature on CSEC. It ...
Atypical lipomatous tumor of the hand with transformation to dedifferentiated liposarcoma: a case report

Atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma is the most common sarcoma of soft tissue in adults. We describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of an atypical lipomatous tumor arising within the soft tissue of the left hand of a 68-year-old female that underwent transformation to dedifferentiated liposarcoma and eventually metastasized. At initial presentation, imaging demonstrated an extensively calcified fatty soft tissue mass with displacement of the digits. Following biopsy and staged debulking, the patient subsequently developed local recurrence, dedifferentiation, and widespread metastases to the lungs, pancreas, bone, and soft tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a cytogenetically proven atypical lipomatous tumor of the hand that has undergone dedifferentiation with widespread metastases.
Use of bacterial co-cultures for the efficient production of chemicals

The microbial production of chemicals has traditionally relied on a single engineered microbe to enable the complete bioconversion of substrate to final product. Recently, a growing fraction of research has transitioned towards employing a modular co-culture engineering strategy using multiple microbes growing together to facilitate a divide-and-conquer approach for chemical biosynthesis. Here, we review key success stories that leverage the unique advantages of co-culture engineering, while also addressing the critical concerns that will limit the wide-spread implementation of this technology. Future studies that address the need to monitor and control the population dynamics of each strain module, while maintaining robust flux routes towards a wide range of desired products will lead the efforts to realize the true potential of co-culture engineering.
Differences in Cognitive Function Between Women and Men With HIV.

Background:Women may be more vulnerable to HIV-related cognitive dysfunction compared with men because of sociodemographic, lifestyle, mental health, and biological factors. However, studies to date have yielded inconsistent findings on the existence, magnitude, and pattern of sex differences. We ex
Minecraft, beyond construction and survival

"We'll keep releasing expansions and keep the game alive, but there needs to be some kind of final version that you can point at and say, 'I did this!'... I'm not sure why I feel a need to have something to call the final version if we're just going to keep updating it, but it just feels wrong to never have reached some kind of goal. Having the game constantly be under development also seems to confuse the press." - Markus "notch" Persson in Game Developer, Feb. 2011.
Symbolic Algebra Approach to Composite Materials Analysis

Application of symbolic algebra to the analysis of composite materials is presented in this paper. The classical Galerkin method is implemented using symbolic algebra software without which tedious and error-prone calculation is unavoidable. Symbolic algebra can generate transcendental functions (or polynomials) that can satisfy given boundary conditions for a given arbitrary geometry automatically which can be used in the Galerkin method as trial functions. Symbolic algebra can also generate the stiffness and mass matrix elements that require analytical differentiation, integration and expansion of the trial functions. The proposed method has successfully been applied to two typical problems in the analysis composite materials: 1) a composite plate with free edge boundary conditions and 2) a finite elastic body that contains spherical inhomogeneities.
Neuropharmacology in the Dysmnesias

A relationship may be sought between the neurochemical substrates of learning and memory and the neuroanatomical sites to which such systems are related, based upon pharmacological response. One basis through which such interactions may be further applied and from which clinical significance emerges, relates to the dysmnestic syndromes.
SYMBOLIC DYNAMICS, GROUP AUTOMORPHISMS AND MARKOV PARTITIONS

These lectures are about symbolic dynamics and the relationship of subshifts of finite type to toral automorphisms and solenoids through topological entropy and Markov partitions. The first part is about subshifts of finite type. Subshifts of finite type have been studied in dynamics and in information theory from a number of different points of view. C. Shannon in 1948 [S] studied them in an information theory context because they model information channels with a finite memory. W. Parry in 1964 [P] investigated them in a topological and ergodic theoretic setting. R. Adler and B. Weiss in 1970 [AW] used them as a combinatorial model for two dimensional toral automorphisms. This allowed a measure theoretic classification of these automorphisms and lead to the use of subshifts of finite type as models for all hyperbolic dynamical systems. In recent years the study of subshifts of finite type has become a subject in its own right. Here, the basic definitions and dynamical properties of these systems are presented. There is also a discussion of topological conjugacy and continuous factor maps. Most of this was known by about ten years ago. Since then there have been new developments but many of the central problems remain unresolved. Some of these problems are discussed here. The next part describes toral automorphisms and solenoids. Toral automorphisms were important in the development of hyperbolic dynamics. An expansive toral automorphism exhibits in a simple, concrete setting the important features of any hyperbolic dynamical system. An expansive toral automorphism has local product structure, its periodic points are dense, its zeta function can be computed, it is structurally stable and it has a kind of algebraic rigidity. In addition, Markov partitions for invertible maps were first constructed on the two dimensional torus. Solenoids are generalizations of toral automorphisms and have all of these properties. The final part of these lectures discusses topological entropy and Markov partitions. Markov partitions tie together the dynamics of subshifts of finite type, toral automorphisms and solenoids. A Markov partition is constructed for a particular two dimensional toral automorphism. It is very easily drawn and exhibits clearly the relationship between subshifts of finite type and toral automorphisms. Finally there is a short general discussion of Markov partitions, their properties and some of their consequences.
A one-tube method for rapid and reliable plant genomic DNA isolation for PCR analysis

Abstract Background Consistent isolation of high quality plant genomic DNA is a prerequisite for successful PCR analysis. Time consumption, ease of operation and procedure cost are important secondary considerations for selecting an effective DNA extraction method. The simple, reliable and rapid DNA extraction method developed by Edwards and colleagues in 1991 [1] has proven to be the gold standard. Results Through modification of the Edwards method of extraction, we have developed a one-tube protocol that greatly improves the efficiency of plant DNA extraction and reduces the potential for sample contamination while simultaneously yielding high quality DNA suitable for PCR analysis. We further show that DNA extracts prepared with this method are stable at room temperature for at least three months. Conclusion The one-tube extraction method yields high quality plant DNA with improved efficiency while greatly minimizing the potential for cross contamination. This low-cost and environment-friendly method is widely applicable for plant molecular biology research.
Abstract 211: Enteral Feeding Shortly After Cardiac Arrest Treated With Veno-Arterial Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Therapeutic Hypothermia is Safe and Feasible

Introduction: Literature regarding the timing and safety of enteral feeding after cardiac arrest treated with therapeutic hypothermia and veno-arterial extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO...
Dynamic trend of serum F1 and IgM antibody of shepherd dog inoculated with virulent Yersinia pestis detected with enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay and its application prospect

Objective To observe the dynamic trend of serum F1 and IgM antibody of shepherd dog inoculated with virulent Yersinia pestis, and to study the significance of F1 and IgM antibody in plague surveillance. Methods Five shepherd dogs, virulent Yersinia pestis was inoculated by subcutaneous multipoint injections on back of shepherd dog, rectal temperature was taken to represent body temperature, plague F1 antibody was detected by the method of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while plague IgM antibody was detected by capture ELISA. Results Plague F1 antibody was detected after inoculation with virulent Yersinia pestis on the 3rd day, the peak on the 5th day to 58th day and average titer of 1∶28.20 ~1∶211.60, then, the titer reduced slowly, and on 560th day, there was a dog with the titer of 1∶25. Plague IgM antibody was detected after inoculation with virulent Yersinia pestis on the 5th day, the peak on the 5th day to 23rd day and average titer of 1 ∶ 28.60 ~1∶212.00, then, the titer decreased rapidly and went down to the positive standard after the 46th day. Conclusions The results of the antibody induced by inoculation with virulent Yersinia pestis have showed that, the positive plague F1 antibody in the dog detected by sandwich ELISA is lasted for 560 days. So it can be used to detect plague prevalence in animals, especially to investigate the epidemic focus. The positive plague IgM antibody detected by the capture ELISA is lasted for only 40 days, and it is suitable for judging recent epidemic situation of plague in animals. Key words: Yersinia pestis; Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay; Shepherd dog; F1 antibody; IgM antibody
The STEM Selfing Process: Nondigital and Digital Determinants of Aspirational STEM Futures:

This article takes a fresh approach to analyzing the nondigital and digital sources of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) intent among low–socioeconomic status (SES) high school stud...
Rotational Wear and Friction of Ti-6Al-4V and CoCrMo against Polyethylene and Polycarbonate Urethane

Abstract Total joint replacement (TJR) is a successful procedure for millions of patients each year. Optimizing mechanical properties of bearing couples is important to increase implant longevity and improve patient outcomes. Softer viscoelastic materials offer a potential solution by more closely replicating the mechanical properties and lubrication regime of a native joint, but their wear properties are relatively unknown compared to the wealth of knowledge about polyethylene. In this study, the utility of an experimental set-up not widely used in wear testing was investigated through the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of four bearing couples often used in TJR. A flat-on-flat rotational test evaluating wear through a change in height of the upper sample introduced several variables that are thought to alter the mechanical properties of compliant bearing materials. The wear properties and coefficient of friction (COF) of two polymer surfaces, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polycarbonate urethane (PCU) were directly compared as they articulated against both CoCrMo and Ti-6Al-4V at contact stresses of 3.46, 2.60, and 1.73 MPa. Wear rate was influenced by both polymer surface and normal force while independent of metal counter bearing, with increased wear of couples containing PCU, and at higher forces. Increased COF was seen with PCU, but was independent of other variables. This study elucidated several factors present with this experimental set-up that may contribute to an inadequate lubrication regime and subsequently increased wear and friction of PCU. These are important considerations to maximize the mechanical properties and longevity of implants.
Showcasing a General Surgery Residency Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE The virtual interview season has challenged general surgery residency programs to recruit applicants through the loss of visiting clerkships, tours, and time with residents. Webinars, increased informal resident and faculty sessions, and live-narrated video tours are potential solutions. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of these elements in virtually showcasing a residency program during the virtual interview season. DESIGN/SETTING Prospective applicants to one general surgery residency program (Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota) were invited to attend six webinars: Program Overview, Simulation Education, Diversity, Resident Life, Mingle with Residents, and Last-Minute Q&A. An anonymous survey was sent to all registered participants of the webinars. Interviewees participated in a preinterview social hour with resident and faculty and a live-narrated video tour of our facilities during their interview. A second anonymous survey was sent to all interviewees. PARTICIPANTS Webinars – 33% of 159 unique registrants surveyed participated. Interviews – 46% of 109 interviewees surveyed participated. RESULTS Average satisfaction with the webinars was 9.4/10. Overall, 98% of attendees felt that the webinars gave them a “feel” for the program. Attendees found the Last-Minute Q&A webinar and Program Overview to be most useful. For resident-led webinars, 100% of attendees felt that themed break-out rooms were effective. Average satisfaction with the interviews was 4.4/5. Interviewees rated access to faculty and residents highly (4.4/5 and 4.5/5, respectively). 98% of interviewees found the live-narrated video tour helpful. CONCLUSIONS A webinar curriculum can be effective in virtual residency recruitment, as prospective applicants developed a good understanding of the resident program after participating. Further, live-narrated video tours and purposefully incorporating several avenues for informal conversations with residents and faculty can successfully address applicant concerns about virtual interviews.
Inline Coupling of Simple and Complex Chemistry Modules within the Global Weather Forecast model FIM (FIM-Chem v1)

Abstract. The global Flow-following finite-volume Icosahedral Model (FIM), which was developed in the Global Systems Laboratory of NOAA/ESRL, has been coupled inline with aerosol and gas-phase chemistry schemes of different complexity using the chemistry and aerosol packages from WRF-Chem v3.7, named as FIM-Chem v1. The three chemistry schemes include 1) the simple aerosol modules from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport model that includes only simplified sulfur chemistry, bulk aerosols, and sectional dust and sea salt modules (GOCART); 2) the photochemical gas-phase mechanism RACM coupled to GOCART to determine the impact of more realistic gas-phase chemistry on the GOCART aerosols simulations (RACM_ GOCART); and 3) a further sophistication within the aerosol modules by replacing GOCART with a modal aerosol scheme that includes secondary organic aerosols (SOA) based on the VBS approach (RACM_SOA_VBS). FIM-Chem is able to simulate aerosol, gas-phase chemical species and SOA at various spatial resolutions with different levels of complexity and quantify the impact of aerosol on numerical weather predictions (NWP). We compare the results of RACM_ GOCART and GOCART schemes which uses the default climatological model fields for OH, H2O2, and NO3. We find significant reductions of sulfate that are on the order of 40 % to 80 % over the eastern US and are up to 40 % near the Beijing region over China when using the RACM_GOCART scheme. We also evaluate the model performance by comparing with the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom-1) aircraft measurements in 2016 summer. FIM-Chem shows good performance in capturing the aerosol and gas-phase tracers. The model predicted vertical profiles of biomass burning plumes and dust plumes off the western Africa are also reproduced reasonably well.
Pulmonary hypoplasia correlates with the length of anhydramnios in patients with early pregnancy renal anhydramnios (EPRA).

Early pregnancy renal anhydramanios (EPRA) occurs when the fetus is anuric before 22 weeks gestational age (GA) and is considered universally lethal. Serial amnioinfusions have successfully ameliorated the lethal pulmonary hypoplasia associated with EPRA and have resulted in cases of neonatal survival, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplant. We sought to evaluate the lung pathology of untreated fetuses and neonates that had EPRA. This is a retrospective case series of all fetuses and neonates diagnosed with isolated EPRA that underwent autopsy at a single tertiary care center between 1987 and 2018. Autopsy data were correlated with ultrasound findings and GA at delivery. Fetal weights, lung weights, and lung developmental stage were recorded. Nineteen cases met criteria for analysis and ranged from 16 to 38 weeks GA at termination or birth. The observed-to-expected (O/E) lung-to-body-weight ratio was significantly associated with GA (r = −0.51, p = 0.03), such that as GA increased the O/E ratio decreased. When limited to patients >22 weeks, this relationship strengthened (r = −0.75, p = 0.01). Importantly, overall O/E body weight had no relationship with GA. This study shows that the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia in EPRA increases with the length of anhydramnios. This suggests that amnioinfusions are likely to be of most benefit the soonest they can feasibly be initiated.
Dynamic growth of martensitic plates in an elastic material

The growth of martensitic plates under conditions of anti-plane shear is considered for a particular isotropic hyperelastic material. An asymptotic solution is presented for the displacement field near the tip of a plate growing at an arbitrary velocity up to the shear wave speed of the austenite. An energy balance shows that the rate of energy dissipation is essentially the same as for the quasi-static motion of a normal equilibrium shock. Numerical solutions illustrate how the martensitic plates develop in an initial boundary value problem.
Development and experimental validation of a thermo-hydraulic model for data centers

Most data center design analyses focus on design point operation, which, in reality, is rarely realized due to the reliability needs and the constantly changing operating states of data centers. The objective of this work is to develop and experimentally validate a model that will allow data center operators and designers the ability to evaluate the energy impact of various data center loop configurations and operating strategies. The modeling methodology couples a thermodynamic model of the cooling equipment and a hydraulic pipe network for hydraulic characterization. Inherent in this model is the ability to capture off-design operating conditions of the data center cooling infrastructure caused by changes in ambient conditions and fluctuations in required IT load. The thermo-hydraulic model is validated based on an existing IT data center and chiller plant located in Poughkeepsie, New York. The model is used to study the data center under several climatic and operating conditions—namely, winter and summ...
Conflicto y Modernización en la Gran Minería del Cobre(1950-1970)

Este articulo analiza el proceso de modernizacion en la Gran Mineria del Cobre en Chile entre 1950 y 1971. En primer lugar, se examinan las causas, nacionales e internacionales, que llevaron a las empresas del cobre a introducir cambios en la forma de produccion, organizacion de la fuerza de trabajo y labores administrativas. En segundo lugar, se analiza el impacto que tuvo la modernizacion en las condiciones de vida y de trabajo de los mineros del cobre. En terminos generales, este articulo plantea que aunque la modernizacion minera aumento la productividad de esta industria, al mismo tiempo esta agudizo el conflicto laboral en la mineria y deterioro la posicion de las empresas del cobre en Chile.
Ion-coupled neurotransmitter transport: thermodynamic vs. kinetic determinations of stoichiometry.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes ion-coupled neurotransmitter transport. Neurotransmitter transporters are molecular machines and, like other machines, they require an input of energy in order to perform useful work. The work of these machines is to move a neurotransmitter across a lipid bilayer from a low concentration in the extracellular medium to a higher concentration in the cytoplasm. The energy source that powers this work is the unequal distribution of Na + , K + , and Cl − and the electrical potential across the membrane. All plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporters couple the symport of their cognate neurotransmitter substrate with Na + ions but the number of Na + ions moving with each neurotransmitter molecule varies from one to three depending on the transporter. Depending on the number of ions moving, their direction of movement, and the charge on the substrate neurotransmitter, there is net movement of charge across the membrane with each neurotransmitter molecule transported. If ions and net charge move across the membrane coupled to neurotransmitter flux, then ion gradients and membrane potential influences the steady-state distribution of neurotransmitter. The ultimate concentration of extracellular neurotransmitter is determined by these driving forces and how they are coupled to transport.
Principles of ordering in fibrous systems

The purpose of the present symposium is to identify and characterize those principles which determine order in biological systems in one, two, and three dimensions. However, such an analysis does not bear too close inspection, for, in reality, the fibrous systems possess considerable three-dimensional structure. Indeed, the presence of order in a system composed of macromolecules, usually of highly asymmetrical shape, implies a certain degree of three-dimensional crystallinity. The present paper will outline what is known of the principles involved in the aggregation of highly asymmetric macromolecules to form ordered fibrous structures, with attention being confined to the fibrous proteins. The “two-dimensional” membrane systems and the ways in which these structures are involved in the formation of higher order structures within the cell will be the province of the following articles.
A predictive study of student satisfaction in online education programs

This paper is intended to investigate the degree to which interaction and other predictors contribute to student satisfaction in online learning settings. This was a preliminary study towards a dissertation work which involved the establishment of interaction and satisfaction scales through a content validity survey. Regression analysis was performed to determine the contribution of predictor variables to student satisfaction. The effects of student background variables on predictors were explored. The results showed that learner-instructor interaction, learner-content interaction, and Internet self-efficacy were good predictors of student satisfaction while interactions among students and self-regulated learning did not contribute to student satisfaction. Learner-content interaction explained the largest unique variance in student satisfaction. Additionally, gender, class level, and time spent online per week seemed to have influence on learner-learner interaction, Internet self-efficacy, and self-regulation.
Evolution of a New Gene Substituting for the leuD Gene of Salmonella typhimurium: Characterization of supQ Mutations

Alpha-isopropylmalate isomerase, the second specific enzyme in the biosynthesis of leucine, is coded for by two genes, leuC and leuD . Leucine auxotrophs, harboring leuD mutations including a deletion of the entire leuD gene, revert to leucine prototrophy owing to mutations at a locus, supQ , substantially distant to the leucine operon. A large number of independently isolated supQ mutations were characterized. A significant increase in the spontaneous frequency of supQ mutations was found after mutagenesis with 2-aminopurine, N -methyl- N ′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine, diethyl sulfate, and nitrous acid. The supQ function in most of these strains is temperature sensitive, resulting in more efficient suppression with decreasing temperature. At higher temperatures, the supQ limits the growth rate of leuD supQ mutant strains. All supQ mutations are co-transducible with proA and proB , with co-transduction frequencies ranging from 5.4 to 99.9% for different supQ mutations. Many supQ mutations were isolated, especially after nitrous acid mutagenesis, that had acquired a simultaneous proline requirement. The data support the idea of two genes, supQ and newD , whose protein products form a complex. The newD gene product, without any genetic alteration, is capable of substituting for the missing leuD protein. However, mutations in the supQ gene (point mutations or deletions) are necessary to make the newD protein available, which is normally tied up in a complex with the supQ protein.
Plasma membrane domain localization and transcytosis of the glucagon-induced hepatic system A carrier.

We have utilized canalicular (cLPM) and basolateral (blLPM) liver plasma membrane vesicles to investigate the domain localization of several Na(+)-dependent amino acid transporters. Neutral amino a...
Difficulties in R&D target-setting addressed through technology forecasting using data envelopment analysis

While multiple studies mention the difficulty of RD nor do they delve deeply into addressing this issue in detail. Additionally, there are many studies conducted on single or subsets of commercial airplane technology, market, and economic parameters; but few have been conducted from a combined critical technological performance parameter perspective. This paper provides what appears to be one of the first studies outlining reasons for RD then also provides the first set of analyses tied to a larger study applying a quantitative method addressing these difficulties. An emerging operations research method, Technology Forecasting Using Data Envelopment Analysis (TFDEA) was used for this set of initial results; including determining the state-of-art in commercial airplane technology. This is the first time TFDEA has been used as a focus for addressing R&D.
Investigating emotions philosophically

Among today's philosophers of emotion there are, on the one hand, those that do “conceptual analysis” and, on the other hand, those that oppose such an approach as empirically naive, as sanctifying our ordinary use of words and as based on an analytic/synthetic distinction and an outmoded theory of meaning. This paper is an attempt to show why this critique is misplaced and to clarify how conceptual investigations of emotions relate to empirical investigations.
Small-signal theory of a grating-based free-electron laser in three dimensions

We present an analytic theory for the small-signal operation of a grating-based free-electron laser that includes the effects of transverse diffraction on the evanescent wave. In this device, the electron beam interacts with an evanescent wave of the grating that bunches the beam and creates superradiant Smith-Purcell radiation. We find that the evanescent wave is guided by the electron beam, giving an optical-mode width that depends on the gain. We consider the cases of very wide and very narrow electron beams. For a wide electron beam, the cubic dispersion relation previously found for slow-wave structures is recovered. When the electron beam is narrow, so that gain guiding is important, a fifth-order dispersion relation is found instead. Diffraction in a system where the group velocity is very different (sometimes negative) from the phase velocity leads to unexpected results. The Brillouin zone subdivides into four regions; only two physically allowed (gain-guided) roots are obtained in the regions near the center of the Brillouin zone, but three are found in the regions away from the center. In the left half of the Brillouin zone, corresponding to high electron energy, the device operates on a convective instability, as an amplifier. In the right half of the Brillouin zone, where the group velocity is negative, the device operates on an absolute instability, as an oscillator. In the region where only two guided modes exist, oscillator operation will be more difficult.
Testing for Interchangeability of Imaging Tests

Rationale and Objectives New tests are typically assessed by estimating their technical and diagnostic performance through comparisons with a reference standard. A valid reference standard, however, is not always available and is not required for assessing the interchangeability of a new test with an existing one. Materials and Methods To show interchangeability of a new test with an existing test, one compares the differences in diagnoses between the new and existing tests to differences between diagnoses made with the existing test on several occasions. We illustrate the test for interchangeability with two studies. In a transcatheter aortic valve replacement study, we test whether semiautomated analysis can be used interchangeably with manual reconstructions from three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images. In patients with femoroacetabular impingement, we test whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can replace CT to measure acetabular version. Results Although the semiautomated method agreed often with the manual measurement of aortic valve size (87.6%), interchanging the semiautomated method with manual measurements by an expert would lead to a 1.7%–12.2% increase in the frequency of disagreement. Interchanging MRI for CT to measure acetabular version would lead to differences in angle measurements of 2.0° to 3.1° in excess of the differences we would expect to see with CT alone. Conclusions Testing for agreement or correlation between a new and an existing test is not sufficient evidence of the performance of a new test. A formal evaluation of interchangeability can be conducted in the absence of a reference standard.
Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome in Infancy : Surgery Reconsidered

Abstract Congenital absence of the pulmonary valve leaflets Is generally associated with ventricular septal defect, anular pulmonary stenosis and aneurysmal dilatation of the pulmonary arteries: the absent pulmonary valve syndrome. Symptomatic infants with this syndrome suffer primarily from respiratory insufficiency caused by bronchial compression by the dilated pulmonary arteries, and have a high mortality rate. Asymptomatic Infants are thought to do well, and may have elective surgery late in childhood. Findings In four infants with absent pulmonary valve syndrome are reviewed. One symptomatic Infant was successfully treated with closure of a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary arterial plication. One previously asymptomatic Infant had a fatal respiratory arrest revealing the complexity of management of infants with absent pulmonary valve syndrome.
Aerobatic Maneuvering of Miniature Air Vehicles Using Attitude Trajectories

We develop aerobatic maneuvering for miniature air vehicles (MAVs) using time-parameterized attitude trajectory generation and an associated attitude tracking control law. We develop two methodologies, polynomial or trigonometric, for creating smooth functions that specify pitch and roll angle trajectories. For both approaches, the functions are constrained by the maneuver boundary conditions for aircraft position and velocity. We develop a feedback control law to regulate aircraft orientation throughout the maneuvers. The performance of our trajectory generation algorithm and our attitude tracking control law is demonstrated through simulated and actual flight tests of aerobatic maneuvers.
Asymptotics for polynomials orthogonal over the unit disk with respect to a positive polynomial weight

Abstract We derive asymptotics for polynomials orthogonal over the complex unit disk with respect to a weight of the form | h ( z ) | 2 , with h ( z ) a polynomial without zeros in | z | 1 . The behavior of the polynomials is established at every point of the complex plane. The proofs are based on adapting to the unit disk a technique of J. Szabados for the asymptotic analysis of polynomials orthogonal over the unit circle with respect to the same type of weight.
Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary embolism

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the unique ability to demonstrate pulmonary emboli, venous thrombosis, and normal pulmonary arteries in a single noninvasive study. Spin echo and gradient echo pulse sequences take advantage of the natural high contrast between flowing blood and intraluminal thrombus or embolus. Magnetic resonance angiographic (MRA) techniques offer three-dimensional display of the pulmonary vasculature. Each of these techniques may be viewed in cinematic fashion to depict hemodynamic changes associated with the cardiac cycle. Clinical studies have demonstrated sensitivity in the 75% to 100% range and specificities between 42% and 90% depending on technique. MRI technology is still rapidly advancing and clinical accuracy will no doubt improve as experience with new techniques develops. At present, MRI should play a complimentary role to conventional methods of diagnosing thromboembolic disease.
Effects of estradiol on radial arm maze performance of young and aged rats

Gonadectomized male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, given estradiol (E2) via sc Silastic capsules that generated proestrus levels of hormones, were tested for spatial memory performance on an 8-arm radial maze. Performance of males, with or without E2, exceeded that of females, with or without E2, for choice accuracy parameters over 20 trials. In addition, males reached criterion earlier than females (6 vs 11 trials). There were no significant effects of E2 on performance of either sex. When a 1-h delay was instituted between the 4th and 5th choices, the performance of males remained better than that of the females, and E2 administration was associated with a small, but significant, improvement in performance of the males but not the females. E2 administration to 25-month-old males also did not affect performance in regular trials, but performance was enhanced in trials with delays of 1-3 h after the 4th choice. These results show that estradiol can influence spatial memory performance and suggest that E2 may be beneficial for age and/or disease-related memory impairments.
Establishing a foundation for collaborative scenario elicitation

Eliciting and integrating requirements from large groups of diverse users remains a major challenge for the software engineering community. Scenarios are becoming recognized as valuable means of identifying actions taken by users when executing a business process and interacting with an information system, and therefore have great potential for addressing requirements elicitation problems. A review of the scenario literature indicates that, although there is widespread agreement on the usefulness of scenarios, there are many unanswered questions about how to elicit scenario definitions from individual users and user groups efficiently.This research examines how increasing the structure of scenario definitions affects scenario quality and the efficiency of scenario definition by individual users. During a laboratory experiment, subjects defined scenarios using a general-purpose GSS, GroupSystems Group Outliner, with one of three textual scenario formats that ranged from unstructured to very structured. Scenario quality and the efficiency of scenario definition by users were compared across the formats. Results highlighted the efficiency of the unstructured format but revealed that all formats produced incomplete scenario definitions. Recommendations are made for an iterative collaborative scenario process and a special-purpose GSS scenario tool that may overcome some of these problems.
Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein Synthesis: Utilization of Preexisting and Newly Transcribed Messenger RNA's

Treatment of HeLa S3 cells with actinomycin D during mitosis suppresses the synthesis of several major classes of nonhistone chromosomal proteins during the subsequent period before DNA replication, but allows the synthesis of other species of these proteins. Such results are consistent with the utilization of preexisting, as well as newly transcribed, messenger RNA's for nonhistone chromosomal protein synthesis during the prereplicative phase of the cell cycle.
A combined Tabu search and 2-opt heuristic for multiple vehicle routing

In this paper, the authors consider the problem of assigning multiple agents to perform several tasks under restrictions limiting which agents are permitted to perform each task and restrictions dictating the order of completion of specific tasks. A unique solution description is introduced that allows for the direct satisfaction of these constraints. A two phase optimization procedure is used. A Tabu search method is used to optimize the task assignments and an exchange heuristic is used to refine the completion order of the tasks in the presence of precedence constraints.
Biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.

BIOMARKERS are useful in mapping disease pathogenesis from several perspectives. Identification of risk factors can lead to prediction and, in some instances, a quantifiable trait to follow for therapy and to utilize in the search for genetic factors that enhance risk. Biomarkers can also be useful in the diagnosis of a disease. Lastly, biomarkers can sometimes reflect the activity of a disease process, and therefore be useful as proxy variables in therapeutic trials. It is unusual that a single biomarker fulfills all three roles, and certainly none of the available biomarkers proposed for use in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are able to do so. In evaluating the utility of current biomarkers, and the prospects for developing future biomarkers, these three roles must be considered independently. PREDICTION OF DISEASE
On the Power of (Even a Little) Resource Pooling

We propose and analyze a multi-server model that captures a performance trade-off between centralized and distributed processing. In our model, a fraction p of an available resource is deployed in a centralized manner (e.g., to serve a most-loaded station) while the remaining fraction 1 − p is allocated to local servers that can only serve requests addressed specifically to their respective stations. Using a fluid model approach, we demonstrate a surprising phase transition in the steady-state delay scaling, as p changes: in the limit of a large number of stations, and when any amount of centralization is available (p > 0), the average queue length in steady state scales as log11−p11−λ when the traffic intensity λ goes to 1. This is exponentially smaller than the usual M/M/1-queue delay scaling of 11−λ, obtained when all resources are fully allocated to local stations (p = 0). This indicates a strong qualitative impact of even a small degree of resource pooling. We prove convergence to a fluid limit, and ...
The Feasibility of Video-Tape Interviewing:

13 inpatient Ss were interviewed via a standardized videotaped presentation of E. All Ss responded to the tape recorded E seemingly as if E were present. It seems that a video taped interview may be feasible both as a research and as an applied clinical device.
Photoionization cross section of the P 3 ground state of neutral carbon

Many-body perturbation theory is used to calculate the photoionization cross sections of the $2p$ and $2s$ subshells of the $^{3}P$ ground state of neutral carbon. Resonances due to the $1{s}^{2}2s2{p}^{2}np$ autoionizing configurations and two-electron resonances from the $1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}3s3p$ and $1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}3p3d$ configurations were calculated. Detailed agreement is obtained with the experimental data of Esteva, Mehlman-Balloffet, and Romand.
The flash pyrolysis of cellulosic materials using concentrated visible light

Abstract The radiant flash pyrolysis of Avicel cellulose and kraft paper particles using concentrated visible light is described. The particles circulate in a clear quartz spouted bed reactor while undergoing pyrolysis in an incident radiant flux of up to 200 W/cm2. This flux is supplied by an arc image furnace which uses a 5 kW Xenon bulb as its light source. The volatile pyrolysis products are quenched by the steam flow used to spout the bed and are entrained out of the reactor before secondary reactions can occur, ensuring a high sirup yield (63 per cent from cellulose). The major sirup component is levoglucosan.
Classroom as Reality: Demonstrating Campaign Effects Through Live Simulation

Scholastic research has demonstrated that when conducted properly, active learning exercises are successful at increasing student awareness, student interest, and knowledge retention. Face-to-face simulations, in particular, have been demonstrated to add positively to classrooms focusing on comparative politics, international relations, public administration, the lawmaking process, and political campaigns. While important in regards to engaging students in the practice of politics, such hands-on, active learning opportunities are even more important in an applied politics classroom, where students range from ambivalent to hostile towards theoretical arguments and academics. In this article, we assess the utilization of a campaign simulation conducted within the classroom of an applied politics program, where students enter with previous experience on how to best run campaigns and the ultimate effects on learning for undergraduate students that serve as voters in their mock elections. We find that the live...
Similar risks for chronic kidney disease in long-term survivors of myeloablative and reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recipients of myeloablative (MA) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been well characterized. However, the risk of CKD after HCT using reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) is not well known. We compared the incidence of CKD by conditioning regimen in 221 allogeneic HCT recipients (MA = 117, RIC=104) who had survived for ≥1 year post-HCT and had no history of CKD pretransplant. CKD was defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 6 months, and acute kidney injury in the early posttransplant period. CKD is frequent in long-term adult allogeneic HCT survivors, but RIC is associated with similar risks as MA conditioning. Continuous monitoring of renal function is necessary in allogeneic HCT survivors, and studies exploring prevention strategies are needed.
Haloacetol phosphates as affinity labels for methylglyoxal synthase.

Abstract 3-Bromo- and 3-iodoacetol phosphates irreversibly inactivate methylglyoxal synthase. The substrate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and inorganic phosphate protect against the inhibition. Although the 3-chloro derivative does not inactivate the enzyme, it is a competitive inhibitor. Reduction of the enzyme-inactivator complex with [ 3 H ]-NaBH4 indicates the incorporation of four haloacetol phosphates per mole of enzyme. These studies suggest the bromo- and iodoacetol phosphates inactivate the enzyme by reacting with a nucleophilic group located in the active center.
ADH levels during salt depletion in dogs.

Two groups of trained dogs were subjected to sodium chloride depletion and plasma ADH concentration, renin activity, plasma sodium, plasma osmolality, blood volume, hematocrit and body weight were measured. In one group of animals, sodium depletion was created by restricting intake to 5 mEq/24 h. Despite a statistically significant decrease in body wcight and blood volume and a corresponding increase in plasma renin activity, plasma ADH concentration was not seen to change significantly from control valnes. Similar findings were seen in a second group of dogs which were given a diuretic in addition to dietary sodium restriction. In these animals the decrease in blood volume and rise in plasma renin activity were proportionately greater. Plasma ADH concentration was not observed to change si,pificantly in this group of animals either. Both groups of animals deve- loped significant hyponatremia during the experiment. It is concluded that in these dogs, the secretion of ADH was not suppressed and consequently hyponatremin developed. It is suggested that endogenous angiotensin was responsible for the continued secretion of ADH at control levels. There is no information available regarding plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone during sodium chloride depletion. Despite this, many of the altera- tions in the body fluids attending sodium depletion have been explained on the basis of variations in SDH secretion. An animal in negative sodium balance might be expected to show alterations in ADH levels as volume is lost along u1t.h Na. This report deals with the results of our experiments in which plasma ADH was measured in trained dogs during sodium depriva- tion.