cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plant tumours induced by the combined action of wounds and virus.

IN an earlier paper1 various symptoms of wound-tumour disease, such as stunting, vein enlargement, leaf distortion and tumours, were described on several of the numerous hosts of the causal virus Aureogenus magnivena Black2. The present communication deals principally with the role of wounds in tumour inception in diseased plants. Fig. 1 illustrates the kind and number of tumours present on the roots of infected sweet clover (Melilotus alba Desr.). A cross-section through a root bearing a tumour (Fig. 2) shows the practically normal portion of the root enclosed within the black line. In this area the parts are, for the most part, regularly arranged. The rest of the section is tumour tissue. It shows several centres of growth, the margins of which are marked by deeply stained meristematic cells with prominent nuclei. The meristematic cells are surrounded by a layer of crushed cells and enclose parenchyma and vascular elements. The xylem is prominent and reveals the highly disorganised condition of the tumour tissue. It may be arranged in whorls or it may be so disorganised that two adjacent xylem elements are disoriented in regard to each other. Affected cells frequently show spherical bodies that stain intensely with safranin. No organisms have been observed in such sections.
Evidence for a defective protein synthesizing system in dormant spores of Bacillus cereus

Abstract The cell-free amino acid incorporating system from dormant spores of Bacillus cereus is defective. After germination this activity rises to 50% of that of preparations from vegetative cells. This increase is not dependent upon either RNA or protein synthesis, and leads to an incorporating system essentially the same as that found from vegetative cells. Two defects in protein synthesis were found in dormant spores: ( a ) the absence, or near absence, of transfer enzyme activity, and ( b ) impaired binding of mRNA-aminoacyl-sRNA by spore ribosomes. The first defect is repaired by activation of the spores and the second by germination.
Induction of Competence for Mating in Tetrahymena by Cell‐Free Fluids

SYNOPSIS. Cell-free fluid from sexually reactive cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 7 can induce mating in otherwise unreactive mixtures of cells of 2 mating types. Rare individual cells may initiate the production of this substance, but once it is produced, the entire culture becomes sexually reactive.
An ethical analysis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for elders in acute care.

Despite empirical evidence that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is of questionable effectiveness in elders with comorbidities, it continues to hold a unique place in the armamentarium of life-sustaining treatments in that consent for CPR is implied and, when needed, is administered emergently. T
Detection of acrolein by qualitative immunochemical analysis.

Conclusion1. These studies indicate that acrolein combines directly with some portion of the protein molecule to produce a conjugate that can be employed in the specific detection of acrolein by qualitative immunochemical methods.2. The basic molecular pattern of human and rabbit serum protein is not changed when combined with acrolein at 37°C for 4 days. The addition of molecules of acrolein, however, does change the configuration of the protein molecule without loss of species characteristics. This is shown by the failure to form antibodies when rabbits are injected with acroleinized rabbit serum, and also by the response of the rabbits injected with acroleinized human serum by producing antibodies that reacted not only against acroleinized human serum but normal human serum as well. These changes in the molecular configuration were specific for acrolein regardless of the basic molecular pattern used, as evidenced by cross reactions of antiacroleinized human serum with acroleinized serum of other specie...
Cost-effectiveness analysis of antithrombotic therapy in nonurgent percutaneous coronary intervention.

Study Objective. To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing three treatment approaches during nonurgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): bivalirudin with provisional glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa inhibitor therapy, unfractionated heparin (UFH) with eptifibatide, and UFH with abciximab. Design. Literature-based decision model from an institutional perspective. Data Source. Patient data from the Randomized Evaluation in PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events (REPLACE)-2 study and three other randomized controlled trials that included UFH and routine GP IIb-IIIa inhibitor (eptifibatide or abciximab) therapy. All included studies were comparable based on patient population, procedural techniques, and general treatment approaches. Measurements and Main Results. We included patient populations undergoing contemporary nonurgent PCI to identify probabilities of success or complications (myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, thrombocytopenia, and major or minor bleeding at 30 days). Costs were assigned to each outcome by incorporating diagnosis-related group- and/or Current Procedural Terminology-associated costs, institutional drug acquisition costs, and unit replacement costs of platelets and red blood cells. In the base-case analysis, the use of bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb-IIIa inhibitor therapy dominated the UFH and planned GP IIb-IIIa inhibitor approach: UFH with eptifibatide was $74 more expensive and 1.2% less effective, and UFH with abciximab was $777 more expensive and 2.3% less effective. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the model results were robust, but also revealed that bivalirudin lost its cost-effectiveness, resulting in UFH with eptifibatide becoming more cost-effective, when two or more vials of bivalirudin were necessary in greater than 27% of cases or when the use of provisional GP IIb-IIIa inhibitor therapy exceeded 20%. Conclusion. This analysis indicates that bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb-IIIa inhibitor therapy is the most cost-effective antithrombotic treatment strategy in nonurgent PCI when its use and dosing are consistent with the REPLACE-2 trial.
Wrapping up: commentary on DIS 2000

Malcolm McCullough will share his thoughts and reflections on the three days of technical program and interaction at DIS 2000, and sum up directions for the DIS community from his perspective. He will also solicit comments and observations from participants as DIS 2000 concludes.Malcolm McCullough explores digital media for the built environment. Beginning from computer-aided design in architecture, in which he was a pioneer in the 1980s, McCullough has consistently brought a human-centered approach to emerging practices in design. His 1996 book, Abstracting Craft found an interdisciplinary audience for the creative work practices behind the new economy. Currently he is at work on a book on location awareness.Prior to 1998, McCullough spent ten years on the design faculty at Harvard. Since then he has held the David FitzGibbon Visiting Professorship in Architecture at Carnegie Mellon, with joint appointment in the School of Design. He has been a visitor in residence at Xerox PARC, a product manager at Autodesk, Inc., and has lectured or consulted in Europe, the Mideast, and Asia. His publications also include The Electronic Design Studio (1990) and Digital Design Media (1991, 1994), both with William Mitchell, and each the first fully digital production at its respective publisher. The latter won an American Institute of Architects Award and has been published in four languages.Malcolm McCullough currently resides in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He has traveled relentlessly in the American interior.
In situ synthesis of P-type zeolite membranes on porous α-alumina supports

P-type zeolite membranes were hydrothermally synthesized on porous α-alumina supports by the in situ crystallization method. Permselectivity as high as 102 was obtained for H2/SF6 by the P zeolite ...
In vivo assessment of left atrial contractile performance in normal and pathological conditions using a time-varying elastance model.

BACKGROUNDContractile function of the ex vivo, isolated left atrium (LA) has been described by a time-varying elastance, but this atrial chamber property has not been shown in vivo.METHODS AND RESULTSInstantaneous LA pressure-volume (P-V) relations were studied in 12 anesthetized, autonomically blocked, atrially paced dogs. LA volume was calculated from orthogonal sonomicrometer pairs using a cast-validated formula. Data were collected during increases in LA pressure produced by a phenylephrine bolus (200 to 400 micrograms IV). Isochronal P-V points from 5 beats, representing a wide range of atrial pressures, were fitted by linear regression analysis (range of R2, .92 to .99). There were significant time-dependent increases in the slopes [E(t)] and small but statistically insignificant decreases in the volume axis intercepts [VO(t)] of the instantaneous LA P-V relations during atrial contraction; maximal elastance (Emax) occurred 29 +/- 16 milliseconds before atrial end systole (minimal LA volume). Emax w...
On the Mavroyannis–Stephen relativistic long‐range interaction energy term between optically active molecules

The relativistic long-range intermolecular interaction energy term of Mavroyannis and Stephen is estimated for some amino acids by using optical rotatory dispersion data and for hexahelicene by using theoretical values of excitation energies and rotational strengths. The result shows that the interaction energy may be significant for the interaction between some essentially dissymmetric chromophores such as hexahelicene, but that it is unimportant for other cases.
Bar and Swash Imaging Radar (BASIR): A Mobile X-band Radar Designed for Mapping Nearshore Sand Bars and Swash-Defined Shorelines Over Large Distances

Abstract Few observational techniques are capable of simultaneously mapping the shoreline and nearshore sand bars at high resolution and over large distances, especially during storms when waves are large and visibility is reduced. Proof-of-concept experiments were undertaken to test the feasibility of using X-band radar, mounted on a beach vehicle with dual-channel global positioning system (GPS), to rapidly map the swash and nearshore bars over several kilometers. Bar and Swash Imaging Radar (BASIR), a mobile system developed in collaboration with Imaging Science Research, was evaluated under varying wave heights and storm conditions through comparisons with bathymetric profiles and video along the North Carolina Outer Banks. The video, operated by Oregon State University Coastal Imaging Lab and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, utilizes a similar technique of time averaging and multiple-image merging to map sand bars. Significant correlation and relativel...
The Comb Sign

20 years ago, Abdominal Imaging editor Morton Meyers described a CT sign now firmly in the radiology lexicon. He observed that, on contrast enhanced CT, the parallel engorged mesenteric vessels that supply bowel afflicted with active Crohn’s disease resemble the parallel teeth of a comb (Fig. 1). Thus, the ‘‘Comb Sign’’ was born. The sign is thought to reflect acute exacerbation of Crohn’s Disease, showing straightening and dilation of the vasa recta to the inflamed bowel segment. The vessels are separated by mesenteric fat proliferation, a presumed response to more chronic inflammation (Fig. 2) [1].
Effect of radiation dose-rate on hematopoietic cell engraftment in adult zebrafish.

Although exceptionally high radiation dose-rates are currently attaining clinical feasibility, there have been relatively few studies reporting the biological consequences of these dose-rates in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). In zebrafish models of HCT, preconditioning before transplant is typically achieved through radiation alone. We report the comparison of outcomes in adult zebrafish irradiated with 20Gy at either 25 or 800 cGy/min in the context of experimental HCT. In non-transplanted irradiated fish we observed no substantial differences between dose-rate groups as assessed by fish mortality, cell death in the kidney, endogenous hematopoietic reconstitution, or gene expression levels of p53 and ddb2 (damage-specific DNA binding protein 2) in the kidney. However, following HCT, recipients conditioned with the higher dose rate showed significantly improved donor-derived engraftment at 9 days post transplant (p≤0.0001), and improved engraftment persisted at 31 days post transplant. Analysis for sdf-1a expression, as well as transplant of hematopoietic cells from cxcr4b −/− zebrafish, (odysseus), cumulatively suggest that the sdf-1a/cxcr4b axis is not required of donor-derived cells for the observed dose-rate effect on engraftment. Overall, the adult zebrafish model of HCT indicates that exceptionally high radiation dose-rates can impact HCT outcome, and offers a new system for radiobiological and mechanistic interrogation of this phenomenon. Key words: Radiation dose rate, Total Marrow Irradiation (TMI), Total body irradiation (TBI), SDF-1, Zebrafish, hematopoietic cell transplant.
Essential fatty acid deficiency inhibits early but not late leukocyte infiltration in rabbit myocardial infarcts

Abstract Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency, induced by elimination of the dietary (n-6) fatty acids, has been shown to limit inflammatory cel influx and consequent enhanced eicosanoid production in experimental glomerulonephritis and hydronephresis. To determined whether EFA-deficiency exerts anti-inflammatory efects following left ventricular myocardial infarction (LVMI), male weanling rabbits were fed EFA-deficient diet for 3 months prior to 60 minutes of distal left circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. One and 4 days later, corresponding to infiltration of cardiac tissue with polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear leukocytes respectively, infarcted hearts were buffer perfused and stimulated to produced eicosanoids with f-met-leu-phe or bradykinin. One day following LVMI, the hearts of EFA-deficient rabbits demonstrted a marked suppression of PMN infiltration and eicosanoid production relative to controls. Four days following myocardial infarction, no differences were obseved in mononuclear cell invasion, collagen deposition, or eicosanoid production between EFA-deficient and normal hearts. Our data show that EFA-deficiency inhibits PMN influx and consequent enhanced eicosanoid production without affecting the later appearance of mononuclear cells, collage deposition, or eicosanoid production. Recent studies have shown that suppression of PMN invasion limits the extent of tissue damage following LVMI. Selective inhibition of PMN infiltraton is possible and may be useful in the management of acute myocardial infarction.
Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND Male breast carcinoma is an uncommon disease, and most previous studies have been single-institution series that were limited by extremely small sample sizes. The goals of the current study were to fill in the major gaps in knowledge regarding the incidence, presenting characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival rates of male breast carcinoma and to determine how breast carcinoma differs between men and women. METHODS Data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 1973–1998 database were used. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Characteristics of the patients and presenting tumors were compared between men and women. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the effect of each variable on overall survival. Survival rates by disease stage were compared for men and women. RESULTS Over the years of the study, the incidence of male breast carcinoma increased significantly from 0.86 to 1.08 per 100,000 population (P < 0.001). Men had a higher median age at diagnosis (P < 0.001) and were more likely to have lymph node involvement (P < 0.001), a more advanced stage at diagnosis (P < 0.001), and tumors that were positive for estrogen receptor (ER) (P < 0.001) and progesterone receptor (PR) (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, larger tumor size and lymph node involvement were associated with shortened survival. Tumor grade and ER/PR status did not appear to independently influence survival. Relative survival rates by stage of disease for men and women were similar. CONCLUSIONS Although it remains a rare disease, the incidence of male breast carcinoma is increasing. Breast carcinoma in men has some epidemiologic and biologic differences from breast carcinoma in women. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Review of the Genus Palaeophileurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) with Description of Two New Species from Peru

The eight species in the genus Palaeophileurus are reviewed, including the description of two new species from Peru: P. carbo Ratcliffe and P. erebus Ratcliffe. The diagnostic male parameres for all species are illustrated, and a distribution map is provided.
Endogenous creatinine clearance in the rat : strain variation

The clearance of endogenous creatinine was examined in five strains of rats (Wistar, Wistar Kyoto, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Biobreeding/Worcester diabetic prone and diabetic resistant rats). Creatinine clearance was compared with inulin clearance as the standard. Conditions for clearance measurements were also varied (anesthesia with constant infusion, overnight collection of urine, fed vs. unfed state, single-injection technique). The clearance of creatinine adequately reflects the glomerular filtration rate in three strains (Wistar, Wistar-Kyoto and the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat). In the two strains of the Biobreeding/Worcester rat creatinine clearance is consistently lower than the inulin clearance. When creatinine clearance is measured from an overnight collection of urine with food withheld it is always lower than when food is present. This clearance should always be validated by comparison with inulin clearance measured simultaneously or under comparable conditions. The ease with which endogenous creatinine clearance can be measured makes it a reasonable method when large numbers of repeated determinations of glomerular filtration rate are required.
Antibacterial household products: cause for concern.

Antibiotics are critical to the treatment of bacterial infections. However, after years of overuse and misuse of these drugs, bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance, which has become a global health crisis (1, 2). The relatively recent increase of surface antibacterial agents or biocides into healthy households may contribute to the resistance problem. The antibacterial substances added to diverse household cleaning products are similar to antibiotics in many ways. When used correctly, they inhibit bacterial growth. However, their purpose is not to cure disease but to prevent transmission of disease-causing microorganisms to noninfected persons. Like antibiotics, these products can select resistant strains and, therefore, overuse in the home can be expected to propagate resistant microbial variants (3-6). Moreover, these agents, like antibiotics, are not cure-alls but have a designated purpose. Whereas antibiotics are designed to treat bacterial (not viral) infections, antibacterial products protect vulnerable patients from infectious disease-causing organisms. Neither are demonstrably useful in the healthy household. Proliferation of Antibacterial Products Seven years ago, only a few dozen products containing antibacterial agents were being marketed for the home. Now more than 700 are available. The public is being bombarded with ads for cleansers, soaps, toothbrushes, dishwashing detergents, and hand lotions, all containing antibacterial agents. Likewise, we hear about “superbugs” and deadly viruses. Germs have become the buzzword for a danger people want to eliminate from their surroundings. In response to these messages, people are buying antibacterial products because they think these products offer health protection for them and their families. Among the newer products in the antibacterial craze are antibacterial window cleaner and antibacterial chopsticks. Antibacterial agents are now in plastic food storage containers in England. In Italy, antibacterial products are touted in public laundries. In the Boston area, you can purchase a mattress completely impregnated with an antibacterial agent. Whole bathrooms and bedrooms can be outfitted with products containing triclosan (a common antibacterial agent), including pillows, sheets, towels, and slippers.
Soil formation and organic matter accretion in a young andesitic chronosequence at Mt. Shasta, California

Abstract The objectives of this work were to study rates of increase in allophane concentration, specific surface area changes, and organic matter accretion in a young andesitic chronosequence. We sampled the 0–10-, 10–20-, 30–40-, 70–80-, and 140–150-cm depths of 77-, 255-, 616-, and approximately 1200+-year-old soils and analyzed them for allophane, ferrihydrite, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, soil pH, and C and N concentrations. Allophane concentrations increased at rates up to a maximum of 0.14 g kg−1 year−1, and concentrations are up to 68 times higher in the oldest than in the youngest soil. During the same time ferrihydrite concentrations increased only by a factor of 2.3. The specific surface area that could be attributed to allophane was only 2–4% in the youngest soil but was 41–97% in the oldest soil. Carbon and N stocks increased linearly with soil age over the first ∼600 years with rates of 139 kg C ha−1 year−1 and 5.3 kg N ha−1 year−1, respectively. After about 600 years, accretion rates were lower. Increases in allophane concentrations lead to increased cation exchange capacity in the soil. Our results indicate that the ability of the soil to retain nutrients improved with soil development.
Numerical Simulation on Nanoparticles Integrated Laser Shock Peening of Aluminum Alloy

In this paper, numerical simulation of nanoparticle integrated laser shock peening of aluminum alloys was carried out. A “tied constraint” was used to connect the matrix and nanoparticle assembly in ABAQUS package. Different particle size and particle volumes fraction (PVF) were studied. It was found that there is significant stress concentration around the nanoparticles. The existence of nanoparticle will influence the stress wave propagation and thus the final stress and strain state of the material after LSP. In addition, particle size, PVF and particle orientation all influence the strain rate, static residual stress, static plastic strain and energy absorption during the LSP process.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Development of texture contrast soils by a combination of bioturbation and translocation

Abstract Soils and weathering profiles in a wide variety of parent materials and environmental settings exhibit coarse-over-fine vertical textural contrasts. Where these cannot be attributed to inherited texture contrasts or erosion–deposition, the most common explanations are based on translocation (eluviation–illuviation) which removes clays from surface layers and deposits them in the subsoil; or bioturbation, where preferentially fine material is delivered to the surface by organisms, from whence erosional winnowing creates a coarse surface layer. In some soils of the lower coastal plain of North Carolina, U.S.A., neither explanation is sufficient to explain the observed texture contrasts. A heuristic model based on a combination of translocation of fine material from surface to subsoil, and bioturbation-driven delivery and recycling of material to the surface can explain the observed vertical textural contrasts. The key elements in the model are coastal plain sediments which include some fine material; eluviation–illuviation by percolating water; delivery of additional fine and mixed grain size material to surface by bioturbation, making it available for translocation; concentration of fine material originally scattered throughout the parent material in a B horizon; and maintenance of vertical moisture fluxes by bioturbation. The model is supported by morphological evidence of the key mechanisms, argillic horizons that are finer than both the surface layers and underlying parent material, evidence that argillic horizon formation is not limited by the rate of clay synthesis, and the absence of texture contrasts in nearby soils formed from dune sands which lack fines.
Aspiration characteristics of idealized blunt aerosol samplers at large angles to the wind

Abstract The research described in this paper extends the body of work contained in earlier publications in which aerosol sampling aspiration efficiency was studied in a small wind tunnel for simple, idealized sampler geometries. These studies are aimed at providing generic knowledge about the physical and functional behaviors of such systems that can then be generalized to sampling systems of more practical interest. In this paper, attention is focused on the little-researched case of a blunt sampler facing away from the prevailing wind velocity. The results show, that for angles greater than 90 ∘ with respect to the wind, aspiration efficiency and particles losses inside the sampler close to the entry are constant as a function of α . This in itself may have some practical usefulness since it enables the definition of a regime of aerosol performance that is relatively “well-behaved”. These results are in marked contrast to what has been learned from the same body of work for sampler behavior when facing forward with respect to the wind. Here not only does aspiration efficiency vary sharply with orientation, but so too does the particle entry loss. From this it is concluded that no general model of aspiration efficiency can be available so long as experimental results embody unknown entry loss biases. With this in mind, caution is recommended in field sampling or in laboratory experiments where the measurement does not explicitly include such entry losses.
Reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) by indigenous bacteria in contaminated ground water

Abstract We report on bio-catalyzed reduction and immobilization of U(VI) species (0.25 mg/l to 235 mg/l) in ground water in the presence of high concentrations of nitrate, sulfate and carbonate. We studied ground water from the uranium mill tailings site near Tuba City, Arizona (USA). Experiments with the ground water were conducted in the presence of the Navajo sandstone host rock. Uranium in solution is complexed by carbonate. Two indigenous denitrifying bacteria were identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. stutzeri , and one sulfate reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens , also known as Fe(III)-reducer. S. putrefaciens can use U(VI) as an electron acceptor, instead of Fe(III). Ethanol was used as the organic carbon source. Microbially mediated reactions are sequential in the order of decreasing redox intensity. Metabolic reduction of nitrate to gaseous species (N 2 , N 2 O) was complete within 1 week at 16°C. The sulfate concentration remained constant. Some of the U(VI) coprecipitated with aragonite/calcite or was adsorbed on biomass during denitrification. Subsequently, the enzymatically catalyzed reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) was complete within 3 weeks but was accompanied by reduction of sulfate to sulfide. U(IV) precipitated as a uraninite solid solution (U, Ca)O 2 , adhering to the bacteria. The final concentration in solution was ≤1 μg/l. U(VI) was not reduced by sulfide. Complexation of U(VI) by carbonate made its reduction by sulfide even slower than in pure water. The bio-catalyzed reaction is the faster process under the conditions given by the composition of the ground water.
Cognitive and neural mechanisms of visual search

The visual search paradigm is a useful tool for studying the perception of multiple-element stimulus arrays, and recent studies have identified a number of factors that influence search performance. Of special importance is the selection process, and recent neurophysiological experiments have shown that the suppression of information from irrelevant objects plays a crucial role in the selection of visual search targets.
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Surgery Selectively Alter the Dorsal, Not the Ventral, Default-Mode Network

The default-mode network (DMN) is a major resting-state network. It can be divided in 2 distinct networks: one is composed of dorsal and anterior regions (referred to as the dorsal DMN, dDMN), while the other involves the more posterior regions (referred to as the ventral DMN, vDMN). To date, no studies have investigated the potentially distinct impact of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on these networks. In this context, we explored the effect of TLE and anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) on the dDMN and vDMN. We utilized 2 resting-state fMRI sessions from left, right TLE patients (pre-/post-surgery) and normal controls (NCs, sessions 1/2). Using independent component analysis, we identified the 2 networks. We then evaluated for differences in spatial extent for each network between the groups, and across the scanning sessions. The results revealed that, pre-surgery, the dDMN showed larger differences between the three groups than the vDMN, and more particularly between right and left TLE than between the TLE patients and controls. In terms of change post-surgery, in both TLE groups, the dDMN also demonstrated larger changes than the vDMN. For the vDMN, the only changes involved the resected temporal lobe for each ATL group. For the dDMN, the left ATL group showed post-surgical increases in several regions outside the ictal temporal lobe. In contrast, the right ATL group displayed a large reduction in the frontal cortex. The results highlight that the 2 DMNs are not impacted by TLE and ATL in an equivalent fashion. Importantly, the dDMN was the more affected, with right ATL having a more deleterious effects on the dDMN than left ATL. We are the first to highlight that the dDMN more strongly bears the negative impact of TLE than the vDMN, suggesting there is an interaction between the side of pathology and DM subnetwork activity. Our findings have implications for understanding the impact TLE and subsequent ATL on the functions implemented by the distinct DMNs.
Visual Evaluation of Daylight Simulators for the Colorimetry of Luminescent Materials

The accuracy of several methods for assessing the colorimetric performance of daylight simulators as practical realizations of CIE standard daylight illuminants such as D65 was studied by visual methods. Eight luminescent samples containing various fluorescent whitening agents were used. Visual differences between sample pairs, each consisting of a luminescent sample and its nonluminescent substrate, were judged under a reference source simulating D65 and six test sources with different ultraviolet content from the reference source but nearly the same spectral irradiance in the visible region. Over 3000 observations were made by eight observers. Visual scale values were derived and compared to indices calculated by five published methods. The results show that four methods based on colorimetric weighting gave significantly better correlations than one based on radiometric weighting, with little choice among them; that the CIELAB color-difference equation was preferred to CIELUV; and that the choice of 2° or 10° standard observer had no effect.
Invariant factors of integral quaternion matrices

Existence of a diagonal form under unimodular equivalence is proved for matrices with entries from the Hurwitz ring of integral quaternions. The diagonal elements satisfy certain divisibility relations with an unexpected character, and these force a degree of uniqueness to the diagonal form. Connections between the so obtained invariant factors of a full matrix and those of a submatrix are then established.
Unfolding and melting of DNA (RNA) hairpins: the concept of structure-specific 2D dynamic landscapes

A 2D free-energy landscape model is presented to describe the (un)folding transition of DNA/RNA hairpins, together with molecular dynamics simulations and experimental findings. The dependence of the (un)folding transition on the stem sequence and the loop length is shown in the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy. Intermediate structures are well defined by the two coordinates of the landscape during (un)zipping. Both the free-energy landscape model and the extensive molecular dynamics simulations totaling over 10 μs predict the existence of temperature-dependent kinetic intermediate states during hairpin (un)zipping and provide the theoretical description of recent ultrafast temperature-jump studies which indicate that hairpin (un)zipping is, in general, not a two-state process. The model allows for lucid prediction of the collapsed state(s) in simple 2D space and we term it the kinetic intermediate structure (KIS) model.
"HOT-DOG" HEADACHE: INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NITRITE

Abstract A patient who had noted the development of headaches shortly after eating frankfurters agreed to a series of tests aimed at determining whether the nitrites in frankfurters were the cause of his " hot-dog " headaches. He drank odourless and tasteless solutions containing 10 mg. or less of sodium nitrite or solutions identical in appearance containing 10 mg. of sodium bicarbonate. Headaches were provoked eight out of thirteen times after the ingestion of sodium nitrite, but never after the control solution. Headaches were also provoked by the ingestion of solutions containing 100 mg. of tyramine hydrochloride. The mechanism of headache production by these exogenous chemicals is uncertain.
Logical Constants and the Glory of Truth-Conditional Semantics

This chapter commemorates “The Logical Form of Action Sentences” (Davidson [1967a]). In so doing, it also celebrates the logical forms of action sentences. The latter are still with us, since action sentences themselves are; but for linguistic semantics generally, the magnificent promise of Davidson’s classic article has never been fulfilled. My purpose here is to explore one reason why that is so.
From static files to collaborative workspace with SharePoint

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of Microsoft SharePoint Services at the University of Mississippi Libraries with particular emphasis on the use of this technology in library departments. It aims to describe major components of the software, and to discuss examples of library use. This paper also seeks to explore some unanticipated benefits derived from using this software.Design/methodology/approach – This paper covers key points from the preparation, setup, and training phases of this implementation.Practical implications – Most twenty‐first century organizations need to collaborate electronically on a variety of projects. The suite of tools available in SharePoint offers one approach to electronic collaboration.Originality/value – The University of Mississippi Libraries has been using SharePoint very successfully as a means of fostering online collaboration and communication. Other libraries could use this software in much the same way that University of Mississippi ...
Erdős–ko–rado in random hypergraphs

Let 3 ≤ k <n/2. We prove the analogue of the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem for the random k-uniform hypergraph Gk(n, p) when k < (n/2)1/3; that is, we show that with probability tending to 1 as n → ∞, the maximum size of an intersecting subfamily of Gk(n, p) is the size of a maximum trivial family. The analogue of the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem does not hold for all p when k ≫ n1/3. We give quite precise results for k <n1/2−ϵ. For larger k we show that the random Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem holds as long as p is not too small, and fails to hold for a wide range of smaller values of p. Along the way, we prove that every non-trivial intersecting k-uniform hypergraph can be covered by k2 − k + 1 pairs, which is sharp as evidenced by projective planes. This improves upon a result of Sanders [7]. Several open questions remain.
Heat Dissipation Mechanism at Carbon Nanotube Junctions on Silicon Oxide Substrate

This study investigates heat dissipation at carbon nanotube (CNT) junctions supported on silicon dioxide substrate using molecular dynamics simulations. The temperature rise in a CNT (~top CNT) not making direct contact with the oxide substrate but only supported by other CNTs (~bottom CNT) is observed to be hundreds of degree higher compared to the CNTs well-contacted with the substrate at similar power densities. The analysis of spectral temperature decay of CNT-oxide system shows very fast intra-tube energy transfer in a CNT from high frequency band to intermediate frequency bands. The low frequency phonon band (0-5 THz) of top CNT shows two-stage energy relaxation which results from the efficient coupling of low frequency phonons in the CNT-oxide system and the blocking of direct transport of high and intermediate frequency phonons of top CNT to the oxide substrate by bottom CNT.
Race and gender differences in philanthropy: Indiana as a test case

Rigorous economic research provides clear indications regarding the likelihood of volunteering and giving among demographic groups.
Case report: It wasn't cupid: multimodality imaging of inferior vena cava filter fracture with strut migration to the interventricular septum.

198 houstonmethodist.org/debakey-journal M. Kassi, M.D. IT WASN’T CUPID: MULTIMODALITY IMAGING OF INFERIOR VENA CAVA FILTER FRACTURE WITH STRUT MIGRATION TO THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM Mahwash Kassi, M.D.a; Jose Lopezb; Colin Barker, M.D.b; Scott Trerotola, M.D.c; Neal Kleiman, M.D.b; Karla Kurrelmeyer, M.D.b aHouston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; bHouston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; cUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Current update of short-bowel syndrome.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to review the current data on trophic factors in adult patients with short-bowel syndrome. The present article reviews the clinical role of glutamine, growth hormone, and GLP-2 in the treatment of short-bowel syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS This review is clinically relevant, given the recent publications in this area. The summary of the current literature does not support that the currently available trophic factors are clinically beneficial for patients with short-bowel syndrome. SUMMARY Systemic side effects from growth hormone factors have been reported. Current trophic should be considered investigational and not standard of practice in the author's opinion.
Timing of post-hurricane tree mortality in Puerto Rico

Tree mortality resulting from hurricanes is variable and depends on many factors including topography, soil and root characteristics, distance from the storm's centre, wind speed, wind direction, duration of wind, tree height, tree diameter and wood density (Basnet et al. 1992, Bellingham et al. 1992, Foster 1988, Lugo et al. 1983, Putz et al. 1983, Scatena & Larsen 1991, Wadsworth & Englerth 1959, Walker 1991, Walker et al. 1992). Estimates of tree mortality are seldom straightforward, however, and may depend on the regenerative strategies of the trees and the time between the disturbance and the estimate. Many species continue to sprout from epicormic buds for some time even after sustaining complete defoliation during a windstorm (Walker 1991, Whigham et al. 1991, Yih et al. 1991). Discrepancies found in estimates of wind-induced tree mortality (2-23%; Brokaw & Walker 1991, Yih et al. 1991) may reflect methodological differences (Everham, in press) or variation in the timing of tree mortality following a hurricane, especially in tropical forests where sprouting is common. This study examines the variation in tree mortality estimates made at different time intervals after a hurricane and the influence of the form and/or extent of the original tree damage on mortality estimates. On 10-11 January 1993, 171 weeks (3.3 y) after Hurricane Hugo struck Puerto Rico (18 September 1989), 828 marked trees distributed among twenty 300 m2 plots (0.6 ha) were revisited in a wet subtropical rainforest. The plots were scattered throughout a 70 ha research area (300-500 m elevation) near the El Verde Field Station in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in eastern
Hierarchical modeling and analysis of embedded systems

This paper describes the modeling language CHARON for modular design of interacting hybrid systems. The language allows specification of architectural as well as behavioral hierarchy and discrete as well as continuous activities. The modular structure of the language is not merely syntactic, but is exploited by analysis tools and is supported by a formal semantics with an accompanying compositional theory of refinement. We illustrate the benefits of CHARON in the design of embedded control software using examples from automated highways concerning vehicle coordination.
On the impact of covariance contamination for adaptive detection in hyperspectral imaging

Adaptive detection has been a staple in areas such as radar and sonar for a number of years. A key tenet of adaptive detectors is their use of a "noise only" covariance estimate from a secondary data set. When samples bearing the target signal are included in this covariance estimate, it becomes contaminated. The impact of covariance contamination is evaluated for three popular adaptive detection statistics. Multiple test cases are presented using real data, not simulations, and it is shown that significant contamination occurs with as few as eight target samples included in a 100 000+ sample covariance estimate. In addition to number of samples, sensitivity of the detection statistic to contamination from targets present also depends on algorithm type. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data offer insight into the impact of covariance contamination on adaptive detection and how it is related to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spectral similarity.
Lipid Biosynthesis by Bovine Mammary Cells in Vitro

Abstract Dispersed alveolar cells from lactating bovine mammary glands actively secreted lipids both morphologically and compositionally similar to those isolated from normal milk. Using various radioactively labeled lipid substrates, it was demonstrated that the cells possess the same biochemical capacity as the intact tissue for about three days in fresh culture. Lipogenesis markedly decreased after 48 hours in vitro. Whereas, fresh cells incorporated acetate preponderantly into triglycerides, the established proliferating cells markedly incorporated acetate into phospholipids.
Task behaviors during web search: The difficulty of assigning labels

By examining searcher behavior on a large search engine, we have identified seven basic kinds of task behaviors that can be observed in web search session logs. In the studies reported, we first manually labeled 700 complete web sessions, and then subsequently had 23 searchers self-label 252 days of their own sessions to give an accurate picture of what kinds of tasks people are doing when they search. From these two studies, we have found that the most accurate labeling of search task session data is done by the searchers themselves, and that it is very difficult for an external observer or automatic classifier to infer where the task boundaries are or what the actual user task goal is.
PRIVATUS: Wallet-Friendly Privacy Protection for Smart Meters

In smart power grids, a smart meter placed at a consumerend point reports fine-grained usage information to utility providers. Based on this information, the providers can perform demand prediction and set on-demand pricing. However, this also threatens user privacy, since users’ specific activity or behavior patterns can be deduced from the finely granular meter readings. To resolve this issue, we design Privatus, a privacy-protection mechanism that uses a rechargeable battery. In Privatus, the meter reading reported to the utility is probabilistically independent of the actual usage at any given time instant. Privatus also considerably reduces the correlation between the meter readings and the actual usage pattern over time windows. Further, using stochastic dynamic programming, Privatus charges/discharges the battery in the optimal way to maximize savings in the energy cost, given prior knowledge of time periods for the various price zones.
Effects of age on brain volume and head circumference in autism

Objective: To determine whether brain volume, as assessed on MRI scans, differs between individuals with autism and control subjects, and whether such differences are affected by age. Background: Previous studies have found increased brain weight, head circumference, and MRI brain volume in children with autism. However, studies of brain size in adults with autism have yielded conflicting results. The authors hypothesize that enlargement of the brain may be a feature of brain development during early childhood in autism that normalizes with maturational processes. Methods: The authors measured total brain volumes from 1.5-mm coronal MRI scans in 67 non–mentally retarded children and adults with autism and 83 healthy community volunteers, ranging in age from 8 to 46 years. Head circumference was also measured. Groups did not differ on age, sex, verbal IQ, or socioeconomic status. Results: Brain volumes were significantly larger for children with autism 12 years old and younger compared with normally developing children, when controlling for height. Brain volumes for individuals older than age 12 did not differ between the autism and control groups. Head circumference was increased in both younger and older groups of subjects with autism, suggesting that those subjects older than age 12 had increased brain volumes as children. Conclusions: Brain development in autism follows an abnormal pattern, with accelerated growth in early life that results in brain enlargement in childhood. Brain volume in adolescents and adults with autism is, however, normal, and appears to be due to a slight decrease in brain volume for these individuals at the same time that normal children are experiencing a slight increase.
Not All Refinancings Are Created Equal A Framework for Assessing State and Local Government Debt Refinancing Measures

In this ongoing era of fiscal stress, state and local governments have increasingly turned to financial measures to help balance their budgets. One financial tactic commonly employed is debt refinancing. This article details the common refinancing strategies employed by state and local governments. Based on these strategies, typical refinancing transaction types are constructed and evaluated based on an assessment framework that relies on four debt refinancing principles developed in this article. Based on this assessment framework, the article concludes with a series of general recommendations for state and local governments to consider when refinancing debt.
Integral control of heat-exchanger-plus-bypass systems

This paper shows that integral control delivers high quality temperature control in heat-exchanger-plus-bypass (HEPB) systems, when the bypass is placed on the stream whose temperature is to be controlled. A tuning formula, for the integral controller, that depends only on the process time delay and the initial jump of the step response of the HEPB system is given. This formula guarantees closed-loop stability for a wide range of operating conditions, and it minimizes the integral of the square of the tracking error and control action under certain conditions. The control quality that results from colocating the bypass on the controlled stream and using integral control is demonstrated with nonlinear simulations.