cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New measures for the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems: normalized task completion time and normalized user effectiveness

User satisfaction, though difficult to measure, is the main goal of Information Retrieval (IR) systems. In recent years, as Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR) systems have become increasingly popular, user effectiveness also has become critical in evaluating IIR systems. However, existing measures in IR evaluation are not particularly suitable for gauging user satisfaction and user effectiveness. In this paper, we propose two new measures to evaluate IIR systems, the Normalized Task Completion Time (NT) and the Normalized User Effectiveness (NUE). The two measures overcome limitations of existing measures and are efficient to calculate in that they do not need a large pool of search tasks. A user study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the two measures and the user satisfaction and effectiveness of a given IR system. The learning effects described by NT, NUE, and the task completion time were also studied and compared. The results show that NT is strongly correlated with user satisfaction, NUE is a better indicator of system effectiveness than task completion time, and both new measures are superior to task completion time in describing the learning effect of the given IR system.
Cholesterol Esterification by Mammary Gland Microsomes from the Lactating Rat

Cholesterol esterification by fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) has been demonstrated in microsomes prepared from breast tissue of the lactating rat, employing the incorporation of [1-14C]oleoyl coenzyme-A into cholesteryl[14C]oleate. The regulation of this activity in vitro was studied by supplementing microsomes with unesterified cholesterol supplied either as a dispersion in acetone or by incubating microsomes with cholesterol-enriched serum lipoproteins prior to enzyme assay. ACAT activity was increased by more than 80% when the ratio of unesterified cholesterol to microsomal protein was increased from 29 to 48 micrograms/mg protein, indicating that the normal cholesterol content of mammary gland microsomes does not saturate this enzyme. Cholesterol esterification could be inhibited nearly completely in vitro by addition of the polar steroid progesterone (93% decrease in ACAT activity with 75 microM progesterone) and, to lesser extents, by estradiol and retinol. Enzyme assays were also performed after incubating microsomes with N-acylamides that inhibit cholesteryl ester synthesis in other systems. Under conditions where the mammary gland ACAT reaction was inhibited by more than 82%, the esterification of retinol was reduced by less than 30% and incorporation of [14C]oleoyl-CoA into triglycerides was not inhibited at all. These studies indicate that the lactating mammary gland contains ACAT activity having properties similar to ACAT in other organs. The presence of ACAT activity in the lactating mammary gland provides a possible mechanism for the synthesis of cholesteryl esters found in milk. It can also be inferred that ACAT in mammary gland microsomes is likely to be distinct from the microsomal acyltransferases that catalyze the esterification of retinol and glycerides.
ON ONTOLOGY AND REALISM IN MATHEMATICS

The paper is concerned with the way in which “ontology” and “realism” are to be interpreted and applied so as to give us a deeper philosophical understanding of mathematical theories and practice. Rather than argue for or against some particular realistic position, I shall be concerned with possible coherent positions, their strengths and weaknesses. I shall also discuss related but different aspects of these problems. The terms in the title are the common thread that connects the various sections.
Servicewomen Of World War II

In World War II, 350,000 women served in the American military. Was this service a critical event in their lives as it has been in the lives of many men? This article describes background characteristics of women who served and their reasons for volunteering, and focuses on some short-and long-term effects of this service on their attitudes and values. The work is based on surveys taken at the time (but not analyzed), and on a questionnaire developed by the author and filled out by 338 women veterans of the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, the WAC, WAVES, Marine Corp Women's Reserve, and SPARS.
EMR Adoption among Office Based Physicians and Practices: Impact of Peer-to-Peer Interactions, Peer Support and Online Forums

Recent government incentives as part of the Health Information Technology on Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act [1] for EMR adoption has improved the adoption rate of EMR across the country; however, there is still a lag in adoption of EMR among small to medium practices. The main reason cited so far is the insufficiency of the financial incentives and disagreement or lack of intention to meet the `meaningful use' criteria set forth by the government as a return for receiving the incentives. Many studies have and still continue to focus on the economic aspect of technology adoption, which has led to a glaring gap in studies that focus on other socio-cultural aspects of technology adoption. This paper looks in to the impact of peer support and online forums for EMR adoption. Preliminary results support the study hypotheses and hold important implications for future research and practice.
Evaluation of Minerals, Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Mexican, Central American, and African Green Leafy Vegetables

The green leafy vegetables Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and Crotalaria longirostrata are native to Mexico and Central America, while Solanum scabrum and Gynandropsis gynandra are native to Africa. They are consumed in both rural and urban areas in those places as a main food, food ingredient or traditional medicine. Currently, there is limited information about their nutritional and phytochemical composition. Therefore, mineral, vitamin C, phenolic and flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity were evaluated in multiple accessions of these leafy vegetables, and their mineral and vitamin C contribution per serving was calculated. The concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and P in these leafy vegetables were 0.82-2.32, 1.61-7.29, 0.61-1.48 and 0.27-1.44 mg/g fresh weight (FW), respectively. The flavonoid concentration in S. scabrum accessions was up to 1413 μg catechin equivalents/g FW, while the highest antioxidant activities were obtained in C. longirostrata accessions (52-60 μmol Trolox equivalents/g FW). According to guidelines established by the US Food and Drug Administration, a serving size (30 g FW) of C. longirostrata would be considered an excellent source of Mo (20 % or more of the daily value), and a serving of any of these green leafy vegetables would be an excellent source of vitamin C. Considering the importance of the minerals, phytochemicals and antioxidants in human health and their presence in these indigenous green leafy vegetables, efforts to promote their consumption should be implemented.
Structural and Biochemical Characterizations of Methanoredoxin from Methanosarcina acetivorans, a Glutaredoxin-Like Enzyme with Coenzyme M-Dependent Protein Disulfide Reductase Activity.

Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are thiol–disulfide oxidoreductases abundant in prokaryotes, although little is understood of these enzymes from the domain Archaea. The numerous characterized GRXs from the domain Bacteria utilize a diversity of low-molecular-weight thiols in addition to glutathione as reductants. We report here the biochemical and structural properties of a GRX-like protein named methanoredoxin (MRX) from Methanosarcina acetivorans of the domain Archaea. MRX utilizes coenzyme M (CoMSH) as reductant for insulin disulfide reductase activity, which adds to the diversity of thiol protectants in prokaryotes. Cell-free extracts of M. acetivorans displayed CoMS-SCoM reductase activity that complements the CoMSH-dependent activity of MRX. The crystal structure exhibits a classic thioredoxin-glutaredoxin fold comprising three α-helices surrounding four antiparallel β-sheets. A pocket on the surface contains a CVWC motif, identifying the active site with architecture similar to GRXs. Although it is a monomer ...
Health Disparities in Tobacco Smoking and Smoke Exposure

It has been more than 50 years since the Great London Smog drew the world’s attention to the poisonous health effects of air pollution. For an entire greater city area, industrial fumes permeated down to the street level, suffocating clouds replacing all breathable air. Sulfurous smoke, trapped in both outdoor spaces and within buildings, shrouded the visual world of every Londoner (Fig. 3.1). Unable to escape such a pervasive exposure, Londoners succumbed to an additional 12,000 deaths as well as numerous ER visits and hospital admissions during and in the immediate months after this environmental tragedy (Environ Health Perspect 109:389–94, 2001).
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia among Children under 5 Years of Age—Uganda, 2009

Anemia in children under 5 years of age, defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin concentration < 11 g/dL, is a global public health problem. According to the 2006 Demographic Health Survey, the prevalence of anemia among children under five in Uganda was 72% in 2006. The 2009 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey was conducted in late 2009 and revealed that over 60% of children less than 5 years of age were anemic and that over half of children tested positive for malaria via a rapid diagnostic test. Children with concomitant malaria infection, and in households without any type of mosquito net were more likely to be anemic, confirming that children under 5 years, are vulnerable to both the threat of malaria and anemia and the beneficial effect of malaria prevention tools. However, prevention and treatment of other factors associated with the etiology of anemia (e.g., iron deficiency) are likely necessary to combat the toll of anemia in Uganda.
Afraid of Dark

Afraid of Dark is a documentary that begins with the audio recording of a 911 call. A terrified woman provides voiceover for a scene unfolding before her, and another person can be heard crying out...
Comment: Butler and Randall’s “Emotional Coregulation in Close Relationships”

The study of dyadic coregulation has emerged as a compelling and innovative approach to understanding the links between close relationships and health and functioning. However, the study of dyadic ...
New Organosilicon Polymers for Ceramics Applications

The preparation, characterization and pyrolytic conversion to silicon-containing ceramics of two types of polymers - a series of poly(ureidosilazanes) and poly(silylenecarbodiimides) - are described. The former appears to have some promise as a preceramic polymer.
The Role of Semantics in the Study of Race Distance in Puerto Rico

the resolution of problems of this sort. Care must be taken to see that these young people have enough social participation to make life worth while. Moreover, a culture that forces some of its members to repress to the extreme their ego gratification and sense of importance is inevitably unstable, disintegrated, and pregnant with social conflicts. There remains in this brief discussion to ask: "What implications does this study have for social science instruction?" The writer proceeds from the assumption that problems of the nature just described impose an obligation on social science teachers to aid in resolving this mental conflict among Negro youth. From the data, it is immediately obvious, and the writer advances the generalization that Negro youth are intra-racially prejudiced, and defensively so, primarily because of the operation of divergent social forces and contradictory racial mores. Thereby, the writer invalidates the assumption made by a number of professional educators that inadequacy of social science instructional methods and materials for instruction are responsible for the racial prejudice and defensiveness of Negro students. That view, to be sure, oversimplifies the proposition and takes no account of the fact that inadequate materials for teaching and unsuitable teaching methods in the social studies merely reflect the paradoxical features of the social structure. Moreover, it is extremely naive to expect that instruction, in a discipline or field of knowledge, even if perfect in methodology and objectively exhaustive in content materials can counteract a "total universe" of interacting and inconsistent ideologies with their combination of resisting folkways and mores. In other words, social science instruction may aggravate or it may alleviate social problems, but the basic remedy is to be sought, not in whether the "problem approach" or the "systematic approach" is employed, nor in whether white or Negro characters are emphasized, say in a course in history, but by an analysis of the inconsistencies that exist in the societal structure so that value judgments may be made in the light of this knowledge. If social science instruction is to aid in clearing up the frustration and emotional conflict of Negro youth, teachers must saturate them with a "problem solving consciousness." This is not to say, however, that these students should be imbued with this or that particular "ism," or indoctrinated with reform techniques. Rather, it means that social science instructors should make their youth aware of the nature of their societal structure and aid them in developing reasoned value judgments and action patterns to meet the problems of a dynamic society.
Contribution of sand-associated enterococci to dry weather water quality.

Culturable enterococci and a suite of environmental variables were collected during a predominantly dry summer at a beach impacted by nonpoint source pollution. These data were used to evaluate sands as a source of enterococci to nearshore waters, and to assess the relationship between environmental factors and dry-weather enterococci abundance. Best-fit multiple linear regressions used environmental variables to explain more than half of the observed variation in enterococci in water and dry sands. Notably, during dry weather the abundance of enterococci in dry sands at the mean high-tide line was significantly positively related to sand moisture content (ranging from <1–4%), and the daily mean ENT in water could be predicted by a linear regression with turbidity alone. Temperature was also positively correlated with ENT abundance in this study, which may indicate an important role of seasonal warming in temperate regions. Inundation by spring tides was the primary rewetting mechanism that sustained cult...
Near Autonomous Unmanned Systems

∗The U.S. Army has committed to a paradigm shift in the way future ground military operations will be conducted. Through the employment of unmanned systems, the Future Force will achieve increased mobility, lethality and survivability. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory, together with an alliance of government, industrial, and academic organizations, has an extensive basic and applied research program focused upon the development and demonstration of technologies required for autonomous mobility by unmanned systems. Significant technical problems being addressed include the ability to safely maneuver in a dynamic environment, understand the local terrain from both mobility and tactical perspectives, and develop the behaviors that will enable unmanned vehicles to conduct future military missions. This paper discusses technical accomplishments of the program and research directions for the future.
Clinical Observation of Lumbar Cage Insertion under the Posterior Intervertebral Disc Mirror in Treatment of Lubar Intervertebral Disc Protrusion

Objective To observe the effect of lumbar cage insertion under the posterior intervertebral disc mirror in treatment of lubar intervertebral disc protrusion.Methods The author performed lumbar cage insertion and nucleus pulposus extraction with the posterior microscopic intervertebral disc mirror operation system(METRx) during March 2008 and June 2011 in treatment of 32 patients with lubar intervertebral disc protrusion,and the effect was observed.Results All the patients were followed up for one to four years.There was 1 case of Cage slightly subsidence and 3 cases of mild intervertebral space narrowing.During the follow-up there was no spinal stenosis,basivertebral detachment,slipped disk recurrence and root compression symptoms.Conclusion The method does not change the mirror and minimally invasive principle which has little soft tissue and bone tissue damage,and the stability of the vertebral body has not changed.The long-term effect is difficult to be sure due to lesser cases and short follow-up time.
Effect of nedocromil sodium on down-regulation of pulmonary β-adrenoceptors

1. We have studied the effect of the anti-inflammatory anti-asthma drug, nedocromil sodium, on down-regulation of pulmonary beta-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig lung. 2. Incubation of minced lung with isoprenaline (10 mumol/l) resulted in a reduction in maximum binding capacity of [125I]iodocyanopindolol to lung membranes from 246 +/- 4 to 169 +/- 6 fmol/mg of protein (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.01, n = 18). 3. Nedocromil sodium, which had no direct effect on [125I]iodocyanopindolol binding, prevented isoprenaline-induced down-regulation, giving complete protection at a dose of 100 mumol/l. 4. The mechanism of this effect is not certain, but nedocromil sodium may interfere with the internalization of beta-adrenoceptors in pulmonary parenchymal cells. This may have some therapeutic relevance.
Some Small Prostate Cancers are Nondiploid by Nuclear Image Analysis: Correlation of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ploidy Status and Pathological Features

AbstractThe biological behavior of a prostate cancer can be predicted to some degree by the volume and extent (stage) of the tumor, and its histological grade. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy status has been reported by some to be another independent prognostic factor for localized prostate cancer. We determined the DNA ploidy value of each individual focus of cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens using nuclear image analysis (CAS 200 system§§Cell Analyses Systems, Elmhurst, Illinois.). Ploidy results were correlated with the volume, Gleason grade and zone of origin (transition zone or peripheral zone) of each tumor, and with the presence of extracapsular extension or seminal vesicle invasion.There were 141 separate cancers in 68 patients (mean 2.1 per prostate): 9 clinical stage Al, 22 stage A2, 23 stage B1 and 14 stage B2. DNA ploidy correlated significantly (p <0.0001) with volume, grade, extraprostatic spread and zone of origin. Remarkably, some small cancers (1 cc or less) were nondiploid ...
Minimising branch crossings in phylogenetic trees

While phylogenetic trees are widely used in bioinformatics, one of the major problems is that different dendrograms may be constructed depending on several factors. Albeit numerous quantitative measures to compare two different phylogenetic trees have been proposed, visual comparison is often necessary. Displaying a pair of alternative phylogenetic trees together by finding a proper order of taxa in the leaf level was considered earlier to give better visual insights of how two dendrograms are similar. This approach raised a problem of branch crossing. Here, a couple of efficient methods to count the number of branch crossings in the trees for a given taxa order are presented. Using the number of branch crossings as a fitness function, genetic algorithms are used to find a taxa order such that two alternative phylogenetic trees can be shown with semi-minimal number of branch crossing. A couple of methods to encode/decode a taxa order to/from a chromosome where genetic operators can be applied are also given.
Influence of nano-scale morphology on impact toughness of epoxy blends

Abstract The microstructure and ballistic impact toughness was investigated for a series of dynamically heterogeneous epoxy blends composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) that is cross-linked with stoichiometric mixtures of a rigid cycloaliphatic diamine and flexible polypropylene oxide based diamines. The ballistic impact resistance of the blends correlates with the presence of nano-scale structure, where blends that contain 2–5 nm domains exhibit nearly a doubling of impact toughness when compared to blends that exhibit large scale phase separation. The length scale of phase separation was manipulated by controlling the ratio of short chain to long chain propylene oxide diamines. At low long chain content, the materials nanoscale phase separate into 2–5 nm domains, resulting in a transparent epoxy that exhibits relatively good impact toughness. At high long chain volume fractions, the mixtures undergo macroscale phase separation and lose both optical clarity and impact performance. Interestingly, some of the macro-phase separated blends with intermediate long chain polypropylene oxide diamine content still exhibit high impact resistance if a nanoscale structure is still present in the rigid continuous phase. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the phase separated structure in these blends. When the SAXS peak associated with nanoscale phase separation shifts to lower scattering vector and its intensity is reduced, the impact performance of the mixtures is likewise reduced. We hypothesize that the small scale structure in the blends facilitates rapid deformation during high rate ballistic impact events, which allows the material to absorb more energy before failure.
Investigation of Therapy Clothing Products for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a developmental disorder with a wide range of symptoms including difficulty with communication and social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and deficits in sensory perception. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are particularly sensitive to the surrounding environment. The sensory issues may include: oversensitivity to loud noises and touching. Typical behaviors due to overstimulation are: withdrawing to avoid the overwhelming sensation, temper tantrums, screaming, and running away. The sensory systems of individuals with ASD may become overloaded since they have difficulty filtering stimuli from the environment, and become overwhelmed. Oversensitivity to loud noises and touching may cause the child to withdraw to avoid the overwhelming sensation. Several studies (Tseng et al, 2011) reveal that the sensory processing dysfunction is related to the emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism. Weighted vests are used to help on task behavior such as inattentiveness. A weighted vest can provide the child with a sensory input that is believed, to alleviate sensory difficulties.
Relationship science informed clinically relevant behaviors in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: The Awareness, Courage, and Love Model

Abstract The use of idiographically defined target behaviors in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) has limited participation in a reticulated model of treatment development. One way to address this limitation is to offer a standardized set of clinical targets for FAP. The current study details a method of identifying standardized treatment targets in FAP using the Awareness, Courage, and Love (ACL) model. The applicability of the model was assessed by evaluating the degree to which previously identified clinical targets in FAP research correspond with the proposed specific categories of the ACL model. There is an 83.67% fit between past idiographic targets and current standardized targets. We discuss how ACL may be clinically useful and encourage more integrative treatment development for FAP.
Natural Enemy Communities and Biological Control of Parthenolecanium spp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the Southeastern United States.

We documented the species composition, seasonal ecology, and impacts of parasitoids and predators of Parthenolecanium corni (Bouche) and P. quercifex (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the urban landscapes of Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, United States. Twenty-one parasitoid morphospecies and 12 predator species were collected through rearing, beat sheet, and sticky card trapping. Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was the most abundant parasitoid species in South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, whereas Metaphycus sp. 2 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was the most abundant species in Georgia. Parasitism rates ranged from 59 to 92% in the nymphal population and 27 to 84% in the adult population in South Carolina. Blastothrix sp. 1 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), C. lycimnia, Encyrtus sp. 1 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Eunotus sp., and Pachyneuron sp. (both Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) emerged from adult scale insects and significantly reduced the fecundity of parasitized scale insects. Coccophagus lycimnia was the only parasitoid species emerged from nymphs. Hyperaspis signata (Olivier) species group, Chilocorus stigma Say (both Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were the most abundant predators in South Carolina. The majority of natural enemies (87% of parasitoids and 82% of predators) were active from late March to late August and from late April to late October, respectively.
Test-Enhanced Learning: Does Deeper Processing on Quizzes Benefit Exam Performance?

Test-enhanced learning is a technique instructors can use to increase recall on summative assessments (e.g., exams) via formative assessments (e.g., quizzes). The present research examined recommen...
Honeywell Bull in manufacturing automation

economy, the manufacturing industry has undergone great changes over the past 25 years. Now, with the expansion of computerised manufacturing control applications, computer manufacturers can meet the specialised needs of the manufacturing community. This paper also examines the CIM architecture at all levels, looks at current standards and at Honeywell Bull as a supplier.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Refractory Hemolysis After Brown Recluse Spider (Loxosceles reclusa) Envenomation.

Introduction The brown recluse spider (BRS) (Loxosceles reclusa) envenomation can lead to multiple complications, including hemolysis. We present a case of refractory hemolysis after a BRS bite treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE).
Continuation of Atypical Antipsychotic Medications in Critically Ill Patients Discharged From the Hospital: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

Background:Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) have been associated with reduced duration of delirium in the intensive care setting. However, long-term use of these drugs is associated with significant a...
Quality Process Improvement: The Impact of Recipient Selection & Evaluation

High dose chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can achieve long-term remission and potentially cure patients with hematologic malignancies. Accurate quantification of risk for patients undergoing HCT is critical for medical decision-making. Recipient selection criteria vary from center to center but for the most part include age, disease status, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and co-morbidity index (HCT-CI). Patient age has been studied relatively extensively in this framework and has previously been shown to have little association with treatment related mortality. Additionally, outcomes based on disease status at the time of transplant have been previously well defined. It is well established that overall functional status of a recipient as scored by the KPS tool alone can be subjective between providers. The HCT-CI has been shown to accurately capture the prevalence and level of severity of various organ impairments before HCT though the relationship is vague between psychosocial variables and patient outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Whether patient-specific factors can contribute to prediction of outcomes after allogeneic HCT is not well characterized and there is currently no consensus for including these variables in HCT-CI risk-assessment stratification. As a process improvement project to improve one year survival a full scale audit of all allo transplants performed from 2013-2017 was conducted. Results of the audit revealed KPS range of 50-100% and a HCT-CI score mean of 2.7. Disease status at time of transplant was CR1 or CR2. As a result of these findings a deeper delve was completed. Upon reviewing medical histories of all recipients there was significant findings for history of psychiatric illness and illicit drug/alcohol abuse. All recipients were divided into 3 groups as depicted in the table below. NOTE: Per center guidelines: Psychiatric evaluations are completed on all allogeneic recipients, drug screens are completed on patients with a history of abuse and must be negative for 3 months prior to transplant. Conclusion: As a small program, each death greatly impacts a center's overall one year survival which in turn impacts accreditation and insurance Center of Excellence status. After completion of the internal audit, the findings have caused a change in practice to include a critical evaluation for substance abuse that is more restrictive than a three month history of non-use. Additionally a frailty index has been added along with a modification of the HCT-CI for increased scoring for dual history of psych and drug/alcohol abuse. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of a dual diagnosis history.
Formylglycine-generating enzyme binds substrate directly at a mononuclear Cu(I) center to initiate O2 activation.

The formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) is required for the posttranslational activation of type I sulfatases by oxidation of an active-site cysteine to Cα-formylglycine. FGE has emerged as an enabling biotechnology tool due to the robust utility of the aldehyde product as a bioconjugation handle in recombinant proteins. Here, we show that Cu(I)–FGE is functional in O2 activation and reveal a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of FGE in complex with its catalytic copper cofactor. We establish that the copper atom is coordinated by two active-site cysteine residues in a nearly linear geometry, supporting and extending prior biochemical and structural data. The active cuprous FGE complex was interrogated directly by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These data unambiguously establish the configuration of the resting enzyme metal center and, importantly, reveal the formation of a three-coordinate tris(thiolate) trigonal planar complex upon substrate binding as furthermore supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Critically, inner-sphere substrate coordination turns on O2 activation at the copper center. These collective results provide a detailed mechanistic framework for understanding why nature chose this structurally unique monocopper active site to catalyze oxidase chemistry for sulfatase activation.
Recent Advances in Computational Protocols Addressing Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) are abundant in the human genome and have recently emerged as major therapeutic targets for various diseases. Unlike traditional proteins that adopt a definitive structure, IDPs in free solution are disordered and exist as an ensemble of conformations. This enables the IDPs to signal through multiple signaling pathways and serve as scaffolds for multi-protein complexes. The challenge in studying IDPs experimentally stems from their disordered nature. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism, small angle X-ray scattering, and single molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can give the local structural information and overall dimension of IDPs, but seldom provide a unified picture of the whole protein. To understand the conformational dynamics of IDPs and how their structural ensembles recognize multiple binding partners and small molecule inhibitors, knowledge-based and physics-based sampling techniques are utilized in-silico, guided by experimental structural data. However, efficient sampling of the IDP conformational ensemble requires traversing the numerous degrees of freedom in the IDP energy landscape, as well as force-fields that accurately model the protein and solvent interactions. In this review, we have provided an overview of the current state of computational methods for studying IDP structure and dynamics and discussed the major challenges faced in this field.
Unique Epigenetic Programming Distinguishes Regenerative Spermatogonial Stem Cells in the Developing Mouse Testis

Abstract Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) both self-renew and give rise to progenitor spermatogonia that enter steady-state spermatogenesis in the mammalian testis. However, questions remain regarding the extent to which SSCs and progenitors represent stably distinct spermatogonial subtypes. Here we provide the first multiparametric integrative analysis of mammalian germ cell epigenomes comparable to that done by the ENCODE Project for >100 somatic cell types. Differentially expressed genes distinguishing SSCs and progenitors showed distinct histone modification patterns as well as differences in distal intergenic low-methylated regions. Motif-enrichment analysis predicted transcription factors that regulate this spermatogonial subtype-specific epigenetic programming, and gene-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed subtype-specific differences in binding of a subset of these factors to target genes. Collectively, these results suggest that SSCs and progenitors are stably distinct spermatogonial subtypes differentially programmed to either self-renew and maintain regenerative capacity as SSCs, or lose regenerative capacity and initiate lineage commitment as progenitors.
Pemanfaatan Sarana Prasarana Indoor dan Outdoor RAUDHATUL ATHFAL

THE USE OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR INFRASTRUCTURE MEASURES IN RAUDHATUL ATHFAL LEVEL. The purpose of this study was to find out what are the indoor and outdoor infrastructure, to find out what are the uses of indoor and outdoor infrastructure and to know the ability what can be developed with indoor and outdoor infrastructure. This study uses the Triangulation method, integrates Interviews, documents and Observations. The results of the study show that there are quite complete Indoor and Outdoor Infrastructure Facilities. The infrastructure is useful as an Educational Game Tool. The Educational GameTool develops cognitive abilities, Religious and Moral Values, fine and rough motoric physics, Art and Language.
Swarm Intelligence for Morphogenetic Engineering

We argue that embryological morphogenesis provides a model of how massive swarms of microscopic agents can be coordinated to assemble complex, multiscale hierarchical structures. This is accomplished by understanding natural morphogenetic processes in mathematical terms, abstracting from the biological specifics, and implementing these mathematical principles in artificial systems. We have developed a notation based on partial differential equations for artificial morphogenesis and have designed a prototype morphogenetic programming language, which permits precise description of morphogenetic algorithms and their automatic translation to simulation software. Morphogenetic programming is illustrated by two examples: (1) use of a modified flocking algorithm to route dense fiber bundles between regions of an artificial cortex while avoiding other bundles; (2) use of the clock-and-wavefront model of spinal segmentation for the assembly of the segmented spine of an insect-like robot body and for assembling segmented legs on the robot's spine. Finally, we show how a variation of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) swarm robotic control can be applied to the global-to-local compilation problem, that is, the derivation of individual agent control from global PDE specifications.
Ollivier-Ricci Curvature Approach to Cost-Effective Power Grid Congestion Management

A new method for congestion management is developed based on the Ollivier-Ricci curvature notion applied to the power grid. This curvature notion is utilized to detect those lines that carry a significant amount of power compared to other lines (negative curvature lines/edges). Once the areas prone to congestion are identified, a curvature maximization is achieved via load balancing using FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) devices. Simultaneously, a set of loads/storage devices are deployed within the congested areas in a cost-effective manner, aimed at draining the power away from the negative curvature areas (congestion areas) and minimizing the energy generated throughout the grid, guaranteeing stability under phase angle and voltage constraints.
Epilogue: Between Je me plaing and Iste ego sum

This concluding chapter examines the self wounded through narcissistic desire in a discussion of works by Thibaut de Champagne, Derrida, Barthes, Butler, and Kristeva. Tracing the implications of Narcissus’s lament “je me plaing” (I lament myself) from the Lay of Narcissus, a testimonial appeal etymologically related to the wound (plaga in Latin), I posit that this cry establishes the definition of selfhood echoed throughout the literary texts analyzed in this book. As the cry implies, to be a self is to be wounded by an other that destroys any concept of an integrated subjectivity. The literature analyzed here, I argue, points to the notion that to be wounded by the other is to love, to desire, and to be fully human.
Mechanical and adhesive properties of hybrid epoxy-polyhydroxyurethane network polymers

Abstract Epoxies and polyurethanes are both important classes of materials with wide-ranging applications. The merging of both chemistries presents new opportunities to investigate materials with potentially unique or improved performance. In this work, a series of formulations with varying levels of epoxy and cyclic carbonate monomers were reacted with a multifunctional amine to produce network polymers with hybrid functionality. The spectroscopic, swelling, thermal-mechanical, tensile, and adhesive behaviors were evaluated. The materials performed as expected based on the proposed network structure as determined through small-molecule model studies. In particular, the hybrid network polymers performed admirably as adhesives with significantly improved performance over an epoxy–amine control.
[X-ray statistics on anatomic variation in topographic relations between A. basilaris and skull base structures: neuroradiologic studies on vertebral and brachial angiographies].

Die topographischen Beziehungen der A. basilaris zu Schadelbasisstrukturen sowie Abgangsvarianzen und Kalibrigkeitsvergleiche der basisnahen Hirnarterien wurden an 63 Brachialis- und 60 Vertebralisangiogrammen quantitativ untersucht. Normbereich und Grenzwerte wurden an normalen Angiogrammen von Erwachsenen und Kindern sowie bei cerebralen Gefasprozessen und infratentoriellen Tumoren definiert. Im normalen Angiogramm (Erwachsene) betrug der mittlere Clivus-Basilaris-Abstand vom Apex dorsi sellae 7,2 mm, vom Fuspunkt des Dorsum sellae 4,9 mm und 2 cm unterhalb des Apex 2,9 mm. Eine Basilarisanpressung ist bei 2 mm und weniger eine -abhebung bei mehr als 12 mm anzunehmen. Bei 67,6% verlief die A. basilaris in der Frontalebene mit Seitauslenkungen von weniger als 2 mm. Bei cerebraler Atherosklerose fand sich eine deutliche Elongation der A. basilaris (48,5 mm) gegenuber dem mittleren Normwert (38,5 mm) mit ausgepragtem Basilarisuberstand oberhalb des Apex (6,6 mm) und Seitauslenkungen der Arterie bis zu 12 mm. Kinder bis zu 10 Jahren hatten weitere Basalcisternen mit einem Basilarisabstand von 7,96 mm vom Apex, vom Fuspunkt des Dorsum sellae 6,0 mm und 2 cm unterhalb des Apex von 3,8 mm. Die mittlere Basilarislange betrug 41,5 mm. Kinder haben mit 7,8 mm den hochsten Basilarisuberstand infolge des relativen Entwicklungsruckstandes der knochernen Schadelbasis gegenuber den Hirnstammstrukturen und Gefasen. Bei infratentoriellen Tumoren ist eine Basilarisanpressung (weniger als 2 mm) und -abhebung (mehr als 12 mm) diagnostisch verwertbar.
Bioinspired Dynamic Affect-Based Motion Control of a Humanoid Robot to Collaborate with Human in Manufacturing

Affect-based intelligent motion control for human-robot collaborative assembly in manufacturing was developed, and the effects of the dynamic affect-based control on human-robot collaboration (HRC) and assembly performance were investigated. An anthropomorphic robot with affect display ability was used to collaborate with a human in an assembly task where the human and the robot collaboratively assembled three parts. Firstly, in order to receive bioinspiration, the affective features in a human-human collaborative assembly task were studied. Secondly, based on the affective features of humans, an affect-based intelligent motion control strategy for the robot was proposed so that the robot could dynamically adjust its affective states like humans with changes in task situations during the human-robot collaborative assembly. The proposed affect-based motion control was experimentally evaluated for HRC and assembly performance, and the results were compared with that when the robot collaborated with its human counterpart with no affect and a static affect displays. The results showed that the static affect produced better HRC and assembly performance than that the robot produced with no affect. However, the dynamic affect produced significantly better HRC and assembly performance than that the static and the no affect displays produced. The results encourage to employ anthropomorphic robots with dynamic affect-based motion control strategies to collaborate with humans in manufacturing to improve HRC and manufacturing performance.
Structural Stability of Nanocrystalline NiAl

NiAl is an important high temperature structural material, with a high melting point (1640°C), low density and excellent high temperature oxidation resistance. The room temperature ductility of NiAl may potentially be improved with the use of nanocrystalline grain size. However, a key question concerning the application of nanostructured NiAl is about its structural stability at high temperature. The current study is thus focused on the investigation of the structural stability of nanocrystalline NiAl using in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).Nanocrystalline B2-NiAl was prepared by ball milling (24 hrs) from elemental Ni and Al powders. Subsequent consolidation into bulk form was performed using dynamic consolidation employing a 3-capsule plate-impact fixture at approximately 400 m/s [1-3]. Powder nanocrystalline NiAl was dispersed on a holey carbon film for TEM observation. TEM specimens of shock compacted bulk NiAl nanocrystals were prepared by cutting, polishing, dimpling and ion milling.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Acceptance Testing

This case study discusses a situation where both the government and contractor are working towards an acceptance protocol that would increase production throughput while properly balancing risk between the two parties. There are multiple competing risk factors in this instance: the risk to the Warfighter risk of accepting underperforming weapons (consumer’s risk), the risk of turning away quality weapons (producer’s risk), and the risk associated with reduced throughput and not meeting weapon fleet requirements.
A Decline and Age Shift in Malaria Incidence in Rural Mali following Implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention and Indoor Residual Spraying

Many African countries have reported declines in malaria incidence, attributed to the implementation of control strategies. In Mali, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) was introduced in 2004, and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been partially distributed free of charge since 2007. In the Malian town of Bandiagara, a study conducted from 2009 to 2013 showed a stable incidence of malaria compared with 1999, despite the implementation of ACTs and LLINs. Since 2016, seasonal malaria chemoprevention has been scaled up across the country. In addition to these strategies, the population of Bandiagara benefited from indoor residual spray implementation in 2017 and 2018 and continued universal bed net coverage. This study aimed to measure the incidence of malaria in Bandiagara, given this recent scaling up of control strategies. A cohort of 300 children aged 6 months to 15 years was followed up from October 2017 to December 2018. We performed monthly cross-sectional surveys to measure anemia and the prevalence of malaria infection by microscopy. The overall incidence of symptomatic malaria was 0.5 episodes/person-year. Malaria incidence in children up to 5 years old significantly declined since 2012 and since 1999 (incidence rate ratio estimates: 6.7 [95% CI: 4.2-11.4] and 13.5 [95% CI: 8.4-22.7]), respectively. The average prevalence of malaria parasitemia was 6.7%. Malaria incidence was higher in children older than 5 years than in those younger than 5 years, highlighting the need to extend malaria control efforts to these older children.
A micromechanical model of elastic-damage properties of innovative pothole patching materials featuring high-toughness, low-viscosity nanomolecular resin:

Innovative pothole patching materials reinforced with a high-toughness, low-viscosity nanomolecular resin, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD, C10H12), have been experimentally proven to be effective in repai...
How health and market access associate with agroforestry adoption decisions: evidence from Tabora, Tanzania

This paper analyzes household decisions to adopt varying degrees of agroforestry systems. A survey of farming practices and household characteristics were collected from a random sample of 435 households in Tabora, Tanzania (n = 386). Using multinomial logistic methods, we estimated models explaining adoption behavior with respect to multiple agroforestry systems, as well as partial adoption of agroforestry packages. We explored how household health and access to health services, credit access and mobile banking use, land tenure and firewood access, and extension services are associated with agroforestry adoption. Results indicated the importance of access to credit for tree planting, which is significantly associated to the adoption of the fertilizer tree Gliricidia sepium, and the combination of Gliricidia sepium and planted woodlots. We also found that acres farmed, education, and extension services are significantly associated to the adoption of the full agroforestry package (adoption of pigeonpea and cassava intercropping). Different household characteristics were associated with partial adoption of the intercropping package (pigeonpea or cassava with other food crops), including land tenure, health clinic access, and whether firewood is collected from the commons. Implications of these findings could be used by agencies promoting agroforestry systems to better understand what factors contribute to the likelihood of agroforestry adoption.
Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Infertility By Rectal Palpation

The successful diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders in cattle depend largely on the veterinarian's proficiency in rectal palpation. The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe the techniques, palpable characteristics, and applications of rectal palpation in a fertility program.