cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibrational damping of adsorbed molecules: Effects of a realistic metal surface

Abstract The damping of a vibrationally excited CO molecule adsorbed on copper can be fully accounted for within an image-dipole interaction provided the effects of nonlocality and particularly a smooth electron density profile of the metal are taken into account.
Linear coherent optical receivers

The development of linear coherent receivers at UCSB is reviewed. The progression of the feedback receiver architecture toward closer integration, lower feedback delay and higher performance is outlined. The alternative XOR receiver approach is summarized.
Ultraviolet blood irradiation therapy (Knott technic) in non-healing wounds

I T is generaIly recognized today that there occurs in a very Iow percentage of individuaIs who have recovered from the immediate effects of wounds a faiIure in heaIing, despite the very best IocaI treatment pIus norma supportive measures such as infusions, transfusions, rest and adequate diet. This faiIure is apparentIy due to the absence in such individuaIs of a specific resistance factor, intrinsic in nature and of unknown character, often referred to as a genera1 resistance factor. In any case, wounds do not hea normaIIy in these few individuaIs as contrasted to the reIativeIy rapid heaIing of wounds in most individuaIs. Acting on the beIief that a norma uItravioIet baIance might be absent in such individuaIs and that a resuItant uItravioIet deprivation might be cIoseIy connected with the absence of the necessary specific resistance factor which reguIates norma wound heaIing, we have in the past five years appIied to six individuaIs with non-heaIing wounds the Knott technic of uItravioIet bIood irradiation therapy. The duration of the non-heaIing wound in each of these individuaIs up to the time of the use of this method varied from five months to six years. In one of the individuaIs a non-heaIing feca1 f%tuIa was present; in two, muItipIe extensive non-heaIing Iesions of the skin and soft tissues; in one a post-incisiona faiIure of abdomina1 fascia and muscIe to cIose despite severa resuture attempts; in one a 3 inch by 345 inch Ieg uIcer, and in one a non-heaIing amputation stump. The rapid appearance of wound heaIing in and the recovery of a11 six of these individuaIs in a most convincing fashion has Ied us to beIieve that possibIy uItravioIet deprivation pIayed some part in the persistent faiIure of the norma heaIing process to appear in each instance.
REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION, PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS, AND REGIONAL BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS

Understanding mesoscale patterns of ecosystem properties is important if we are to effectively monitor ecosystem change due to land use and climate change. Remote sensing provides the best tool for looking at large areas of the earth's surface to analyze, map, and monitor ecosystem patterns and processes. Patterns of vegetation and variation in biodiversity are important ecosystem properties, with strong relationships to important ecosystem functions. Species richness is the most widely used measure of biodiversity, and mapping patterns of species richness within a landscape can provide a basis for future monitoring and an ecological basis for land management and conservation decisions. This study presents (1) a map of the vegetation of the Hood River region of the Central Canadian Arctic derived from a supervised classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery, (2) estimations and maps of regional variation in plant species richness, and (3) a comparison of three species richness estimat...
Functions Orthogonal in the Hermitian Sense. A New Application of Basic Numbers.

To find a particular set of functions Hn(u) satisfying the Hermitian relation Im,n ≡ ∫∞ -∞ e^-1/2x^2 Hm(ix)Hn(-ix)dx = 0 in which the exponential factor is exp (-x2/2) as also in (14) we may put z = e^iax, where a is an arbitrary positive constant and assume that Hn(ix) is a polynomial of the nth degree in z with real coefficients.
Ultrastructural and physiological effects of the ionophore A23187 at identified frog neuromuscular junctions

Abstract The physiological and morphological effects of the calcium ionophore A23187 (calimycin) at the frog neuromuscular junction in vitro were examined. Miniature endplate potentials were recorded intracellularly during exposure to the ionophore. Preparations fixed 15 or 30 min after adding the drug to the incubating medium, which exhibited a greatly increased miniature endplate potential frequency, showed no obvious morphological differences when compared to controls with regard to synaptic vesicle number or distribution of vesicles within the terminal. However, after 45–60 min of exposure to the ionophore, when miniature endplate potential frequency had declined almost to zero, most of the nerve endings appeared devoid of synaptic vesicles and other organelles while the plasma membrane was intact. It is suggested that the apparent depletion of vesicles from the terminal induced by the calcium ionophore is a consequence of irreversible changes at the terminal.
Multi-Processor Data Acquisition and Monitoring Systems for Particle Physics

A high speed distributed processing system, using PDP-11 and VAX processors, is being developed at Fermilab. The acquisition of data is done using one or more PDP-lls. Additional processors are connected to provide either data logging or extra data analysis capabilities. Within this framework, functional interchangeablity of PDP-11 and VAX processors and of the PDP-11 operating systems, RT-11 and RSX-11M, has been maintained. Inter-processor connections have been implemented in a general way using the 5 megabit DR11-W hardware currently selected for the purpose. Using this approach we have been able to make use of several existing data acquisition and analysis packages, such as RT/MULTI, in a multi-processor system.
Vector meson form factors and their quark-mass dependence

The electromagnetic form factors of vector mesons are calculated in an explicitly Poincare covariant formulation, based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD, that respects electromagnetic current conservation and unambiguously incorporates effects from vector meson poles in the quark-photon vertex. This method incorporates a two-parameter effective interaction, where the parameters are constrained by the experimental values of chiral condensate and f{sub {pi}}. This approach has successfully described a large amount of light-quark meson experimental data, including ground-state pseudoscalar masses and their electromagnetic form factors and ground-state vector meson masses and strong and electroweak decays. Here we apply it to predict the electromagnetic properties of vector mesons. The results for the static properties of the {rho} meson are as follows: charge radius =0.54 fm{sup 2}, magnetic moment {mu}=2.01, and quadrupole moment Q=-0.41. We investigate the quark-mass dependence of these static properties and find that our results at the charm quark mass are in agreement with recent lattice simulations. The charge radius decreases with increasing quark mass, but the magnetic moment is almost independent of the quark mass.
Learning, Extinction, and Generalization of Conditioned Responses by Young Monkeys

The relation between age and acquisition of a conditioned response (CR) has received considerable attention in recent years. Although several investigators have presented evidence that CRs may be acquired early in ontogenetic development in the puppy (Fuller, Easler, & Banks, 1959; James & Cannon, 1952) and human infant (Marquis, 1931; Spelt, 1948; Wenger, 1943), a recent study by Mason and Harlow (1958) represents the first rigorous demonstration of rapid acquisition of a tone-shock CR by infant monkeys. The measure used was an increase in overt activiry coincident with the onset of tone and was recorded both by stablimeter cage movements and trained observers ( 0 s ) . That judgmental measures were more sensitive than mechanical measures, was shown by the higher frequency of CRs recorded by judgmental criteria, and high inter-rater reliability was obtained (90% for the entire series of test trials). The experimental (tone-shock) group showed rapid learning after the second or third day of life with significantly more CRs recorded than in either tone-only or shock-only control groups. Protocols indicated changes in the form of the CR during conditioning, but could not be statistically treated due to the qualitative nature of the data. In addition, a test of stimulus generalization as well as a series of retention tests yielded negative findings, and hence an extension of the original study, which further explored these variables, was deemed desirable. METHOD Subjects.-Fifteen rhesus monkeys, born and reared in the laboratory, were used. Maternal separation occurred within 12 hr. following parturition and all Ss were housed individually in wire-mesh cages. Three groups of five Ss each were used, a neonatal (1-day) group, with testing starred on the first full day of life, an intermediate (30-day) group, and an older (300-dzy) group. The neonatal group included 4 males, the intermediate group contained 2 males, while the older group was composed entirely of females. Although it was recognized that the proportions of males and females in each group could not be made equal in this experiment, due to the limited availability of young monkeys, at the laboratory, it was assumed that sex differences in prepubescent animals would be minimal since none had been found in the Mason and Harlow study previously cited. Animals in the two older groups had been used previously in learning studies at the laboratory; however, no S had any history of conventional conditioning
Dynamic Analysis of Fluid Flowing Through Micro Porous Filters Using Bondgraph Approach

Delivery of optimized fuel injection pressure to combustion chamber of an engine assembly leads to optimum torque and horsepower. Contaminant free supply of fuel without compromising on volume flow rate is the most important design requirement. Incorporation of very fine fuel filters having less than 10 micron rating reduces volume flow rate at the injection nozzles whereas fuel filter with larger pore size stabilize the injection pressure but may result into failure of fuel injection pump assembly due to scuffing produced by the fuel contaminant between the plunger and sleeve of hydraulic head of fuel injection pump. The fuel flows from fuel tank through low-pressure injection line, primary and secondary fuel filters, fuel transfer pump, fuel injection pump, and high-pressure injection line and injector nozzles. Modeling and simulation of volume flow rate vis-a-vis fuel injection pressure together with micro-porous fuel filter poses a formidable challenge. Bondgraph method (BGM) is ideally suited for the modeling and simulation of such a multi-domain dynamic system. The aim of this research is to apply BGM to model and simulate the optimized fuel injection pressure and analysis of filters with different micro-porosity and their effect on volume flow rate. Fuel filter porosity, inlet and outlet pressures of transfer pump, fuel injection pump and low/high pressure injection line pressure have been determined experimentally. These experimentally determined parameters are then used as input in our Bondgraph model for the dynamic analysis of fuel injection pressure incorporating micro-porous filters.© 2006 ASME
THERMAL TRANSITION OF SPIRILLUM SERPENS FLAGELLA.

The dissociation of flagella of Spirillum serpens has been studied turbidimetrically as a continuous function of temperature by following the conversion of ordered flagella to the protein subunits. Agents known to denature proteins have been found to dissociate the organelle.
Preliminary Description and Analysis of the Spectrum of Polonium

Purified polonium has been excited by high-frequency electrodeless discharges of 10, 30, and 400 Mc/sec at temperatures ranging from 200° to 800°C, and in an enclosed spark source. One hundred thirty-nine lines have been found in the spectrum from the electrodeless discharge. Thirty-five of these and thirteen additional lines have been observed in the spectrum of the spark discharge. Forty-eight lines have been classified as transitions involving twenty-four energy levels of Po i. Four levels of the fundamental configuration 6p4 have been identified. The observations have been compared with theoretical predictions for this configuration. Separations are well represented by theory with the parameter F2= 1096K and ζ= 12 379K. The absolute value of the lowest level 6p4 3P2′ has been estimated from the first two members of the series 6p3(4S0)ns. An estimate of 67 980K is obtained. This corresponds to an ionization potential of 8.43 v for the neutral polonium atom.
AsSb energetics in argentian sulfosalts

Abstract Experimental brackets on As-Sb partitioning between polybasite-pearceite {Pbp; (Cu, Ag)16(Sb, As)2S11} and pyrargyrite-proustite {Ppr; (Cu, Ag)3(Sb, As)S3}, and between pyrargyrite-proustite, and miargyrite and smithite {αMi, βMi, Smt; Ag(Sb, As)S2} (350–400°C; evacuated silica tubes) define standard state Gibbs energies of theAsSb exchange reactions {Ag16As2S11+Ag3SbS3=Ag16Sb2S11 + Ag3AsS3, Δ G r o Pbp-Ppr = 0.65 ± 0.60 kJ/gfw ; Ag3AsS3, + AgSbS2 = Ag3SbS3 + AgASS2, Δ G r o Ppr -α Mi = 3.10 ± 0.50 kJ/gfw , Δ G r o PPr-Smt = 1.70 ± 0.50 kJ/gfw and the nonidealities associated with the AsSb substitutions in these minerals (measured by symmetric regular-solution parameters for formula units on a one AsSb site basis; WAsSbPbp = 4.00 ± 0.25 kJ/gfw; WAsSbPpr =6.00 ± 0 .60 kJ/gfw; WAsSbαMi = WAsSbSmt = 7.00 ± 0.50 kJ/gfw). The above constraints applied to the miscibility gap between Ag (Sb, As) S2 solutions with α-miargyrite and smithite structures at 350°C determine the relative stabilities of these structures in the As and Sb endmembers to be: ( G Sb o , α Mi − G Sb o, Smt ) ∼ −0.63 kJ/gfw; ( G As o , α Mi − G As Smt ) ∼ 0.77 kJ/gfw. Combining these constraints with the calorimetric data of Bryndzia and Kleppa (1988, 1989) and our melting point determinations we have constructed a phase diagram for the AgSbS2AgAsS2 subsystem. The salient features of this diagram are (1) eutectic behaviour (T ∼ 396°C, XAs ∼ 0.50), (2) modest increase in the temperature of the α → β miargyrite transition with As substitution (∼380°C in Sb-subsystem; 386.6°C at XAsMi ∼ 0.36), (3) a 42.5°C depression of the trechmannite-smithite transition with preferential incorporation of Sb in smithite { smithite (XAs ∼ 0.62) → α-miargyrite (XAs ∼ 0.34) + trechmannite (XAs ∼ 1.00) at ∼277.5°C}, and (4) widening of the miargyrite-trechmannite gap at lower temperatures. The latter feature is consistent with the inference that the most As-enriched epithermal miargyrites crystallized at temperatures above 195°C.
Proteins, supercooled liquids, and glasses: A micro-review

Proteins are complex systems that connect biology, biophysics, chemistry, and physics, and even mathematics. They share similarities with supercooled liquids and glasses, such as frustration, the existence of an energy landscape, and at least two types of fluctuations. Proteins are, however, far more complex and have functions that are essential for life. The study of the physics of proteins is much younger than the corresponding study of glasses and thus glasses and supercooled liquids can provide suggestions of what to look for in proteins. The present micro-review presents concepts that are common to proteins, supercooled liquids, and glasses and omits details that can be found in the original papers.
Evaluating topic models for information retrieval

We explore the utility of different types of topic models, both probabilistic and not, for retrieval purposes. We show that: (1) topic models are effective for document smoothing; (2) more elaborate topic models that capture topic dependencies provide no additional gains; (3) smoothing documents by using their similar documents is as effective as smoothing them by using topic models; (4) topics discovered on the whole corpus are too coarse-grained to be useful for query expansion. Experiments to measure topic models' ability to predict held-out likelihood confirm past results on small corpora, but suggest that simple approaches to topic model are better for large corpora.
Interpretive research design: concepts and processes, by Peregrine Schwartz-Shea and Dvora Yanow

This slim text, the first volume in the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods, is not an instruction manual or a ‘how to’ book for doing interpretive research. Peregrine Schwartz-Shea and Dvora ...
Paramyxovirus entry and targeted vectors for cancer therapy.

Patent applications on which I am an inventor have been licensed to NISCO, Inc. Mayo has an equity position in NISCO and may receive royalties from products developed by the company. The Alliance for Cancer Gene Therapy (ACGT), the NIH (R01 CA139389), and the Mayo Cancer Center supported this research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Characterization of tonoplast polypeptides isolated from corn seedling roots.

Tonoplast vesicles were isolated by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation in the presence of Mg2+ from 5 day old corn (Zea mays L., Golden Cross Bantam) seedling roots. Marker enzyme assays indicated only a low degree of cross-contamination of tonoplast vesicles at the 10/23% (weight/weight) interface by other membrane components. Severalfold enrichment of tonoplast ATPase and pyrophosphatase was indicated in tonoplast fractions by dot blot studies with antibodies against an oat tonoplast ATPase and a mung bean tonoplast pyrophosphatase. Comparison of two-dimensional electrophoretic gels of tonoplast and microsomal membrane polypeptides revealed approximately 68 polypeptides to be specific to tonoplast by silver staining. Immunoblot analysis with antibodies against a tonoplast holoenzyme ATPase from oat roots revealed the presence of the 72, 60, and 41 kilodalton polypeptides in isolated tonoplast vesicles from corn roots. Affinity blotting with concanavalin A and secondary antibodies indicated the degree of glycosylation of tonoplast polypeptides, where 21 of 68 tonoplast-specific polypeptides contained detectable carbohydrate moieties. Salt and NaOH washes removed 38 of the tonoplast-specific polypeptides, indicating a peripheral association with the membrane. Thirteen of the peripheral polypeptides and eight of the integral polypeptides were identified as glycoproteins. This information on the polypeptide composition of the tonoplast of root cells will aid in gaining insight into the role of this membrane in controlling vacuolar functions.
Nondestructive FT-IR Sampling Technique to Study Glass Fiber Composite Interfaces

A nondestructive FT-IR sampling technique was developed to study glass fiber composites. Two coupling agents, γ-APS (γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) and γ-MPS (γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) were used to test the validity of the technique. The spectra obtained were compared with those obtained using the KBr pellet and diffuse reflectance techniques. The new technique was sensitive to changes in the coupling agent structure induced by heating, changing the drying environment, and pH. This technique could be used to monitor surface treatments on glass mats or to do quantitative studies of such systems in the 3800 to 1100 cm−1 range of the mid-infrared spectrum.
Peasant communes and factor markets in late nineteenth-century Russia

Abstract The peasant land commune was the emblematic institutional feature of agrarian Russian society before the Revolution of 1917. Economic historians have long blamed the commune for restricting household behavior in ways that contributed to Russia's economic “backwardness” by the late 19th century. Drawing on new household-level data collected from archival sources in Moscow province, this article provides the first microeconomic analysis of local factor markets and household behavior within the institutional context of the Russian peasant commune. The empirical evidence indicates that peasant households did have substantial flexibility when it came to allocating their land and labor holdings. In response to mortality shocks or lags in the communal adjustment of land, households engaged in land rentals and off-farm labor market transactions to improve upon suboptimal factor endowments. Although these findings do not imply that the resulting allocation of resources was fully efficient, they do illustrate how peasants made rational factor market transactions in a seemingly inhospitable institutional environment.
Social skills training and systematic desensitization in reducing dating anxiety.

Abstract Cooper et al. (1969) have criticized the types of target behavior chosen for therapy analogue studies for being irrelevant to clinical practice. A potential target behavior which appears to be pervasive, complex and directly relevant to clinical practice is interpersonal anxiety. Of special concern to college students is the interpersonal anxiety elicited by members of the opposite sex. especially in dating situations (Martinson and Zerface, 1970). An individual may experience interpersonal anxiety because of a deficit in social skills (reactive anxiety) or because of prior conditioning (conditioned anxiety) or because of some combination of both reactive and conditioned components. While it is possible that a treatment program aimed at a reduction of either of these anxiety components may be instrumental in ameliorating the other component, it would appear that a comprehensive treatment program would attempt to teach social skills as well as reduce conditioned anxiety. Desensitization procedures have demonstrated success in alleviating conditioned anxiety for a wide variety of clinical problems (Paul, 1969a. 1969b) and appears to be a logical choice for the conditioned component of dating anxiety. A number of outcome studies have reported some success in the use of in vivo desensitization (Rehm and Marston, 1968; Martinson and Zerface, 1970) and systematic desensitization (Stark, 1970) in reducing anxiety in date anxious subjects. The literature on treatment programs aimed at social skills training for date anxious subjects is meager. Melnick (1973) reported success in improving the appropriateness of the social behavior of subjects who had experienced a minimal dating history by the use of modeling, behavioral rehearsal and self-observation techniques. The present study was designed to test the relative effectiveness of two different types of treatment programs in alleviating interpersonal dating anxiety. The two experimental groups consisted of a systematic densensitization program which focused on the condition anxiety component and a social skills training program which focused on the reactive anxiety component.
Measurement of energy and charged particle emission in the central rapidity region from O+A and p+A collisions at 14.5 GeV/c per nucleon and preliminary results from Si+A collisions

The first data from a16O beam of total energy 232 GeV at the BNL Tandem-AGS are discussed. Preliminary results from a28Si beam of total energy 406 GeV are also shown. The full complement of E802, including a magnetic spectrometer, was used for the28Si measurement. A different experimental arrangement was used for16O. Comparison measurements with proton beams are presented for both configurations.
Predicting improved human auditory discrimination for land mine detection using EMI sensors

Although the ability of EMI sensors to detect landmines has improved significantly, false alarm rate reduction remains a challenging problem. Improvements have been achieved through development of optimal algorithms that exploit models of the underlying physics along with knowledge of clutter statistics. Moreover, experienced operators can often discriminate mines form clutter with the aid of an audio transducer. Assuming the basic information needed for discriminating landmines form clutter is largely available form existing sensors, the goal of this wok is to optimize the presentation of information to the operator and to be able to predict improved performance prior to extensive experimental testing. Traditionally, an energy calculation is provided to the sensor operator via a signal whose loudness or frequency is proportional to the energy of the received signal Our preliminary theoretical work indicated that when the statistic used to make a decision is not simply the signal energy the performance of mine detection systems can be improved dramatically. This finding suggest that the operator could make better sue of a signal that is a function of this more accurate test statistic, and that there may be information in the unprocessed sensor signal that the operator could use to effect discrimination. We then experimentally investigated the perceptual dimensions that most effectively convey the information in a sensor response to a listener using simulated data. Results indicated that by supplying the sensor response more appropriately to the listener, discrimination, as opposed to simple detection, could be achieved. In this paper we discuss an additional theoretical treatment of these experimental data in which we show that we can predict such improvements. These results are verified in a follow-on listening experiment with actual data measured from landmines.
Continuity in the density topology II

The paper deals with real functions of real variable continuous in the density topology on the domain and on the range. The set on which such functions preserve upper outer density is described. Also the class of homeomorphisms continuous in the density topology is considered. At last some problems of differentiability are analysed.
Cooling Capabilities of Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators

The development of adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADR) over the last decade has resulted in significant improvements in performance and ease of use, including continuous operation, relatively high cooling power (30–35 μW at 100 mK), and cryogen-free operation. ADR systems are small, efficient, and require no auxiliary pumps or gas-handling systems. Consequently they are compact, convenient, low-cost options for ground-based research and instrument development. This paper presents an assessment of state-of-the-art ADRs in terms of temperature and cooling power capabilities, with emphasis on their applicability to quantum fluids and solids research.
Finasteride and flutamide therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer: response to subsequent castration and long-term follow-up

Abstract Objectives To report the efficacy of castration after progression on finasteride and flutamide. Standard androgen deprivation strategies for prostate cancer typically lead to castrate levels of testosterone. One alternative is the use of finasteride and flutamide. Methods A Phase II trial evaluated the combination of finasteride (5 mg/day) and flutamide (250 mg three times daily) in patients with rising prostate-specific antigen levels after local treatment for prostate cancer or with newly discovered metastatic disease. Patients were followed up for subsequent events, including castration-free, androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC)-free, and overall survival. Results With a median follow-up of 88 months, 5 patients (25%) continued on finasteride and flutamide, and 12 had stopped this combination and subsequently underwent medical or surgical castration. No patients experienced a flutamide withdrawal effect. All patients experienced more than a 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen after castration (mean 89%). The median protocol treatment failure-free survival was 29.9 months, the median castration-free survival was 37 months, and the median AIPC-free survival was 48.6 months. At 5 years, the overall survival rate was 65% (95% confidence interval 47% to 90%); 29% were alive and have not required castration, and 35% were alive and free of AIPC. Conclusions Finasteride and flutamide have a durable effect in suppressing prostate-specific antigen progression in some men with advanced prostate cancer. Furthermore, castration induces secondary responses that may be of shorter duration than if started initially, although the overall period of hormonally responsive prostate cancer is more than 4 years.
The structural setting of the Main Donegal Granite; comments on a recent interpretation

A recent interpretation of the structural geology and chronology of the northwestern envelope of the Main Donegal Granite by Hutton (1977) is critically examined. Although many aspects of this analysis are sound, there remains serious doubt concerning Hutton's main conclusion that the intense deformation near the granite resulted from its forceful intrusion.
Disulfide assignment of the C-terminal cysteine knot of agouti-related protein (AGRP) by direct sequencing analysis

We have assigned the disulfide structure of Md-65 agouti-related protein (Md65-AGRP) using differential reduction and alkylation followed by direct sequencing analysis. The mature human AGRP is a single polypeptide chain of 112 amino acid residues, consisting of an N-terminal acidic region and a unique C-terminal cysteine-rich domain. The C-terminal domain, a 48 amino acid peptide named Md65-AGRP, was expressed in Escherichia coil cells and refolded under different conditions from the mature recombinant protein. The disulfide bonds in the cystine knot structure of Md65-AGRP were partially reduced using tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) under acidic conditions, followed by alkylation with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The procedure generated several isoforms with varying degrees of NEM alkylation. The multiple forms of Md65-AGRP generated by partial reduction and NEM modification were then completely reduced and carboxymethylated to identify unreactive disulfide bonds. Differentially labeled Md65-AGRP were directly sequenced and analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry. The results confirmed that Md65-AGRP contained the same disulfide structure as that of Md5-AGRP reported previously [Bures, E. J., Hui, J. O., Young, Y. et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 12172-12177].
Modification by sucrose of the catalytic activity and physical properties of glutamic dehydrogenase

Abstract Sucrose (and a variety of glycols) caused inhibition of the glutamate specific catalytic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and stimulation of the monocarboxylic acid activity. In addition, sucrose prevented the concentration dependent aggregation of the enzyme and produced a sharp increase in stability toward heat denaturation. These studies suggest the potential usefulness of sucrose in studying protein structure transitions, but demand caution in the use of such media for separation and characterization of macromolecules unless possible effects on structure are taken into account.
The fate of ejecta from Hyperion

Abstract Ejecta from Saturn's moon Hyperion are subject to powerful perturbations from nearby Titan, which control their ultimate fate. We have performed numerical integrations to simulate a simplified system consisting of Saturn (including optical flattening as well as dynamical oblateness), its main ring system (treated as a massless flat annulus), the moons Tethys, Dione, Titan, Hyperion, and Iapetus, and the Sun (treated simply as a massive satellite). At several different points in Hyperion's orbit, 1050 massless particles, more or less evenly distributed over latitude and longitude, were ejected radially outward from 1 km above Hyperion's mean radius at speeds 10% faster than escape speed from Hyperion. Most of these particles were removed within the first few thousand years, but ∼3% of them survived the entire 100,000-year duration of the simulations. Ejecta from Hyperion are much more widely scattered than previously thought, and can cross the orbits of all of Saturn's satellites. About 9% of all the particles escaped from the saturnian system, but Titan accreted ∼78% of the total, while Hyperion reaccreted only ∼5%. This low efficiency of reaccretion may help to account for Hyperion's small size and rugged shape. Only ∼1% of all the particles hit other satellites, and another ∼1% impacted Saturn itself, while ∼3% of them struck its main rings. The high proportion of impacts into Saturn's rings is surprising; these collisions show a broad decline in impact speed with time, suggesting that Hyperion ejecta gradually spread inwards. Additional simulations were used to investigate the dependence of ejecta evolution on launch speed, the mass of Hyperion, and the presence of the Sun. In general, the wide distribution of ejecta from Hyperion suggests that it does contribute to “Population II” craters on the inner satellites of Saturn. Ejecta which escape from a satellite into temporary orbit about its planet, but later reimpact into the same moon or another one produce “poltorary” impacts, intermediate in character between primary and secondary impacts. It may be possible to distinguish poltorary craters from primary and secondary craters on the basis of morphology.
Interpretation of the Structure and Evolution of Adjoint-Derived Forecast Sensitivity Gradients

A 36-h adjoint-based forecast sensitivity study of three response functions defined in the lower troposphere—average temperature in an isolated region of the upper Midwest (R1), meridional temperature difference (R2), and average zonal component of the wind (R3)—is conducted with the goal of providing a synoptic and dynamic interpretation of the sensitivity gradient structure and evolution. In addition to calculating and interpreting the sensitivity gradients with respect to basic model variables along the model forecast trajectory, a technique is outlined that allows for the calculation of the sensitivity gradients with respect to variables derivable from the model state vector (including geopotential, relative vorticity, and divergence), and a method for visualizing the sensitivities with respect to the horizontal components of the wind is proposed and demonstrated. The sensitivity of R1 to all model and derived variables revealed that R1 was controlled by nearly adiabatic processes associated with the addition or generation of temperature perturbations upstream of the region in which R1 was defined. For R2, the sensitivity gradients revealed the well-known influence of confluent horizontal flow and vertical tilting of isentropes to increase the north–south temperature gradient over the region within which R2 was defined. The sensitivity of R3 to the components of the horizontal wind reveals that simply adding or generating an upstream zonal wind perturbation is insufficient to change the zonal wind at 36 h as these wind perturbations upstream of the domain within which R3 is defined are torqued by the Coriolis force as they are advected toward the domain. These results suggest adjoint-derived sensitivities of quasi-conserved response functions may be more easily interpretable than sensitivities calculated for nonconserved response functions.
Marital Disruption and Psychological Well-Being A Panel Study

This study offers prospective data on the psychological well-being of men and women before and after a marital separation, in comparison with a control group who remained married during the same period. Data were gathered as part of the Minnesota Family Health Study on a primarily middle-class White sample. Primary variables were current psychological well-being, self-esteem, mastery, substance use, and family income. Findings were quite different for men and women. Prior to separation, men in the disrupted group had lower psychological well-being scores than the continuously married group had, but showed no declines in any of the measures in the follow-up period. Separated women scored lower than did women from continuing marriages on psychological well-being prior to the separation, and they declined further afterwards. Separated women also increased their use of alcohol and other substances, and experienced a decline in family income. Findings are discussed in terms of the social causation hypothesis a...
Multiple Scattering Theory for Space Filling Potentials

A brief account of the current state or our understanding of full cell multiple scattering theory is given. The development of this understanding is also briefly outlined.
Dual-field imaging polarimeter using liquid crystal variable retarders

An imaging Stokes-vector polarimeter using liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) has been built and calibrated. Operating in five bands from 450 to 700 nm, the polarimeter can be changed quickly between narrow (12°) and wide (~160°) fields of view. The instrument is designed for studying the effects of differing sky polarization upon the measured polarization of ground-based objects. LCVRs exhibit variations in retardance with ray incidence angle and ray position in the aperture. Therefore LCVR-based Stokes polarimeters exhibit unique calibration challenges not found in other systems. Careful design and calibration of the instrument has achieved errors within ±1.5%. Clear-sky measurements agree well with previously published data and cloudy data provide opportunities to explore spatial and spectral variations in sky polarization.
Measurement of quantum fluctuations in geometry

A particular form for the quantum indeterminacy of relative spacetime position of events is derived from the context of a holographic geometry with a minimum length at the Planck scale. The indeterminacy predicts fluctuations from a classically defined geometry in the form of ''holographic noise'' whose spatial character, absolute normalization, and spectrum are predicted with no parameters. The noise has a distinctive transverse spatial shear signature and a flat power spectral density given by the Planck time. An interferometer signal displays noise due to the uncertainty of relative positions of reflection events. The noise corresponds to an accumulation of phase offset with time that mimics a random walk of those optical elements that change the orientation of a wavefront. It only appears in measurements that compare transverse positions and does not appear at all in purely radial position measurements. A lower bound on holographic noise follows from a covariant upper bound on gravitational entropy. The predicted holographic noise spectrum is estimated to be comparable to measured noise in the currently operating interferometric gravitational-wave detector GEO600. Because of its transverse character, holographic noise is reduced relative to gravitational wave effects in other interferometer designs, such as the LIGO observatories, where beammore » power is much less in the beam splitter than in the arms.« less
Perfect ALKemy: Optimizing the Use of ALK-Directed Therapies in Lung Cancer

Mutations in ALK are a common mechanism of acquired resistance to small molecule ALK inhibitors in ALK-rearranged lung cancer. Different mutants exhibit differential sensitivity to ALK inhibitors. Matching the mutational profile of the tumor with the appropriate ALK inhibitor is likely to be important to maximize benefit for patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5576–8. ©2014 AACR .
Single-image vignetting correction using radial gradient symmetry

In this paper, we present a novel single-image vignetting method based on the symmetric distribution of the radial gradient (RG). The radial gradient is the image gradient along the radial direction with respect to the image center. We show that the RG distribution for natural images without vignetting is generally symmetric. However, this distribution is skewed by vignetting. We develop two variants of this technique, both of which remove vignetting by minimizing asymmetry of the RG distribution. Compared with prior approaches to single-image vignetting correction, our method does not require segmentation and the results are generally better. Experiments show our technique works for a wide range of images and it achieves a speed-up of 4-5 times compared with a state-of-the-art method.
Determination of Dextro- and Levomethorphan Mixtures Using Chiral Lanthanide NMR Shift Reagents

Europium and praseodymium chiral NMR shift reagents were used to differentiate between dextro- and levomethorphan. The enantiomeric shift differences (ΔΔδ) demonstrated by the singlet associated with the methoxy protons were large enough to identify the levo- and dextro-isomers and to allow for the determination of as little as 10% of one enantiomer in the presence of the other in a prepared mixture. The analytical method is rapid and can analyze samples as small as 1 mg.
The ALH84001 Case for Life on Mars

The Martian Meteorite ALH84001 provided the most recent and controversial chapter in the search for life on Mars. The bold claims of possible traces of Martian biological activity within the meteorite, stirred countless debates regarding some of the basic principles of life, and gave rise to the golden age of Space Exploration that we are witnessing. Regardless of the final verdict, the ALH84001 case for life on Mars exemplifies the importance, the complexity and the excitement associated with the field of Astrobiology, and the quest for the search of life beyond our own planet.
Intrathoracic Distribution and Transport of Aerosolized Silica in the Rat

Short-term exposure of rats to aerosols of the silicon dioxide, cristobalite, leads to pulmonary inflammation persisting several months. Clearance of particles occurs during the first two weeks after cessation of exposure, after which there is little additional clearance in the whole lung. In the present studies, quantitation of silica in lung compartments at selected times following exposure indicated movement of particles between the alveolar space and the lung tissue per se, with increased alveolar silica content associated with decreased silica content in the tissue compartment. Further, changes in the silica content in the alveolar compartment were generally associated with fluctuations in the alveolar macrophage population. Silica accumulated linearly in the mediastinal lymph nodes and thymus for several months after cessation of exposure, while negligible amounts were found in kidney, spleen, liver, and blood. A compartmental model was used to describe the distribution and translocation kinetics of...
Fire-fuel-climate linkages in the northwestern USA during the Holocene

Variations in fire regimes can be inferred from changes in the abundance of sedimentary charcoal found in lake and bog sediments. When analysed with pollen data, inferences can be made about past vegetation dynamics and climate as well. The analysis of high-resolution charcoal records generally involves the decomposition of charcoal influx into (a) a slowly varying 'background' component that provides information about long-term changes in regional fire activity, biomass and/or depositional processes, and (b) a 'peaks' component that represents local fire events. In this study, 15 high-resolution charcoal records from the northwestern USA and associated pollen data were examined to describe the variations and controls of charcoal influx and background trends. Late-Holocene charcoal influx levels at each site were compared with late-Holocene sedimentation rates, vegetation and fire frequency, and with modern climate and physical site characteristics to better understand the spatial variability in charcoal abundance. Charcoal abundance was largely determined by physical site characteristics (eg, lake and watershed size) and the proportion of woody taxa. Background trends displayed regional similarities, and the subcontinental scale trend based on all records correlated closely with woody taxa proportions in the pollen spectra. Background charcoal and woody taxa proportions increased together from minima in the Late Glacial to maxima in the late Holocene. The strong similarity in these trends suggests that background charcoal influx is a function of fuel characteristics, which in turn are governed by climate and vegetation. Variations in sedimentation rate and fire frequency had little influence on background charcoal trends.
Short-Writing and the State of Newton's Conscience, 1662 (1)

In the middle of 1662 Isaac Newton schooled himself in a system of short- writing. In the middle of 1662 he went through a period of intense religious awareness. The two events were connected by more than chronological coincidence. Newton’s interest in shorthand was hardly unique as the number of systems devised and published in the seventeenth century suggests; indeed, the system he adopted, Thomas Shelton’s, went through more than twenty editions during the century. To the student, now well initiated in his career at Cambridge, shorthand offered the obvious advantage of economy both in time and in paper, and he employed it for that reason at least once. The condition of his notes, however, had less connexion with shorthand than the condition of his soul. Newton was undertaking an examination of his moral life, and for this shorthand offered an advantage transcending mere economy. Like Samuel Pepys and John Locke, he recognized that shorthand could serve as a rudimentary cypher to conceal thoughts that he wished to set down for his own edification alone.
Design process management in a CAD framework

An attempt is made to highlight some important features or wish lists for a comprehensive CAD framework. A study of existing design systems that aid in the design of ASICs shows that although they tend to provide extensive support to cater to issues at the lower end of the design spectrum, for example, efficient place and route tools, good module generation environments, etc., they still lack tools that would aid the designer at the higher end of the design spectrum. It is seen that by incorporating methods and methodologies for efficient design representation, design process tracking, etc., existing design systems can become more powerful, effective, and useful. >
Structure and Function of the Nuclear Pore Complex

INTRODUCTION 495 NUCLEAR TRANSPORT 496 An Overview 496 Structure of the Nuclear Pore Complex 498 Protein Import 500 Protein Export 508 RNA Export 509 RNA Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . .... .. .. 510 Genetic Approaches to RNA and Protein Transport 511 Control of Nuclear Transport ......... ....... . . . 512 NUCLEAR PORE PROTEINS ... . . . . ......... . ...... ... 512 Proteins oj the Vertebrate Nuclear Pore 512 Proteins of the Yeast Nuclear Pore..... ..... 515 NUCLEAR PORE ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLy 516 Nuclear Pore Assembly and Reconstitution 516 Disassembly at Mitosis ... . ... .. ... ..... ..... . .... . . .... ..... . .... ......... ..... . ..... ..... .... .. 518 Annulate Lamellae. . .... . . .... . ....... ...... . . .... 518 FUTURE PROSPECTS .. .. ... . ..... ... ... ... .... ...... . . . . ...... ...... .. 519
Ash content modulation of torsionally derived effective material properties in cortical mouse bone.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of isolated alterations in mineral content on mouse bone torsional properties. The femora and tibiae from 25 eight-weekold male A/J strain mice were divided into five groups and selectively decalcified from 5% to 20%. The right femora were then tested to failure in torsion while the tibiae were ashed to determine final mineral content of the decalcified bones. Contralateral femora were serially cross-sectioned to determine geometric properties, and effective material properties were then calculated from the geometric and structural properties of each femoral pair. We found that the relationship between ash content and effective shear modulus or maximum effective shear stress could best be characterized through a power law, with an exponential factor of 6.79~R 2 50.85! and 4.04~R 2 50.67!, respectively. This indicates that in a murine model, as with other species, small changes in ash content significantly influence effective material properties. Furthermore, it appears that (in adolescent A/J strain mice) effective shear modulus is more heavily affected by changes in mineralization than is maximum effective shear stress when these properties are derived from whole bone torsional tests to failure. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1611513#
Estranged belongings A moral economy of theft in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Arguing that ethnographies of cities must do more than highlight their fluid, boundless nature, this article seeks forms of social order produced in tension with forces of dissolution. I argue that...