cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shutter and Collimator with Rotating Radiation-Cooled Elements for the Beam from the Princeton A. V. F. Cyclotron

A beam collimator and shutter assembly has been designed and fabricated to define and interrupt the high maximum areal power density (30 kW/cm2) external beam anticipated for the Princeton A. V. F. Cyclotron. Pairs of graphite cylinders which rotate at 300 r/min about parallel axes a precisely adjustable distance apart, define the beam in each of the horizontal and vertical directions. A similar rotating graphite cylinder which is raised and lowered by an air cylinder operating in a fail-safe mode functions as the beam shutter. The power of the beam incident of these cylinders is dissipated by thermal radiation to surrounding water-cooled structures. Tests with an electron gun have shown that the slit cylinders can successfully dissipate a beam power of 2.2 kW with an areal density power of 10 kW/cm2 with no indication of deterioration or overheating of critical components. Calculations indicate power levels up to 5.0 kW with 50kW/cm2 areal density may be tolerated by these slits.
Evaluating UAS Autonomy Operations Software In Simulation

We describe a software simulation test bed for evaluating Concepts of Operation (CONOPS) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) flying earth science missions. The Mission Operational Concept Evaluation Framework (MOCEF) aids in the rapid evaluation of proposed system automation designs, including intelligent controllers for vehicles, sensor payloads, and decision support systems, on a wide range of missions. Such broad evaluation is prohibitively expensive when limited to physical experiments and real missions. MOCEF allows evaluation of automation concepts in multiple mission scenarios operating in a wide range of environments. It records mission metric parameters such as the quality of sensor data obtained, flight time, stress on the vehicles, and air traffic control rules infringed or invoked. This information can be fed into specific mission metric formulas to rate performance and into the Google Earth tool for visualization.
Screening for Vaccinia Virus Egress Inhibitors: Separation of IMV, IEV, and EEV

Concerns about the possible use of variola virus as a biological weapon as well as the need for therapeutics for the treatment or prevention of naturally acquired poxvirus infections or vaccination complications have led to the search for small molecule inhibitors of poxvirus replication. One unique and attractive target for antiviral development is viral egress. Part of understanding the mechanism of action of viral egress inhibitors involves determining which virion form is being made. This can be accomplished through buoyant density centrifugation.
Mass loading and knot formation in AGN jets by stellar winds

Jets from active galaxies propagate from the central black hole out to the radio lobes on scales of hundreds of kiloparsecs. The jets may encounter giant stars with strong stellar winds and produce observable signatures. For strong winds and weak jets, the interaction may truncate the jet flow during its transit via the mass loading. For weaker jets, the interaction can produce knots in the jet. We present recent 3DMHD numerical simulations to model the evolution of this jet-wind interaction and its observational consequences. We explore (i) the relative mechanical luminosity of the radio jets and the stellar winds (ii) the impact parameter between the jets' axis and the stellar orbital path (iii) the relative magnetic field strength of the jets and the stellar winds.
Ethical Aspects of Engineer Recruitment

This paper contrasts present day recruiting practices with the intense aggressive recruiting of a few years ago, illustrates the effect of unethical practices, and acknowledges the graduating engineer’s part in these practices. It emphasizes the need for and the trend toward practices beneficial to the engineering profession and industry as a whole.
A Maximum Modulus Principle for Closed Algebras of Lipschitz Functions

(1969). A Maximum Modulus Principle for Closed Algebras of Lipschitz Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 9, pp. 1039-1040.
Immunohistochemistry of Glomerulonephritis Using Horseradish Peroxidase and Fluorescein-labeled Antibody: A Comparison of Two Technics

Fourteen human renal biopsy specimens were stained with each of the fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antisera prepared against human immunoglobulins G, M, and A, BjC globulin, and albumin. The pattern and intensity of glomerular basement membrane staining obtained with the more recently developed enzyme conjugates were compared with the results found with the more widely-used fluorescein conjugates. The horseradish peroxidase method reproduced the fluorescent glomerular pattern in all, and with the same intensity in 98.4% of the specimens studied. Thus, the horseradish peroxidase method can be used reliably to identify and distinguish among the patterns of immune injury to the renal glomerulus.
Cervical cerclage: one stitch or two?

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether routine placement of a second stitch at the time of cervical cerclage improves its efficacy. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who had cervical cerclage placement at a single institution. Operative reports, ultrasound images, and delivery records were reviewed. Pregnancy outcomes of patients receiving a two-stitch cerclage were compared with those who received a one-stitch cerclage, with a primary outcome of spontaneous preterm delivery at <35 weeks' gestation. Univariable, multivariable, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed. RESULTS Of 146 patients, 63 had two stitches and 83 had one. Baseline characteristics and indications for cerclage were similar except for differences in history of prior cerclage and multiple gestations. The two-stitch approach was associated with a greater median cerclage height (20 mm versus 17 mm, p = 0.008), but there was no difference in spontaneous preterm delivery at <35 weeks' gestation (47.6% versus 41.0%, adjusted odds ratio 1.22, p = 0.630). CONCLUSION A two-stitch approach to cervical cerclage increases cerclage height, but may not improve efficacy.
Different patterns of homozygous p16INK4A and p15INK4B deletions in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias containing distinct E2A translocations.

The p16INK4A(p16) and p15INK4B (p15) tumor suppressor genes are inactivated by homozygous gene deletion and p15 promoter hypermethylation in a significant proportion of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs). However, little is known about the potential association between p16/p15 gene alterations and specific genetic abnormalities implicated in leukemogenesis. The t(1;19)(q23;p13) and t(17;19)(q21-22;p13) are non-random translocations observed in childhood ALL that create distinct E2A fusion proteins: E2A-PBX1 and E2A-HLF, respectively. Previously, a negative assocation was found between the t(1;19) and homozygous p16/p15 deletions. In this study we determined p16 and p15 gene status in additional t(1;19)+ ALLs and compared this incidence to that observed in t(17;19)+ ALLs. No homozygous p16 or p15 deletions were observed among 13 t(1;19)+ ALLs analyzed. In contrast, homozygous deletions of both p16 and p15 were present in two of four t(17;19)+ ALLs. None of 10 t(1;19)+ ALLs contained p15 promoter hypermethylation. In contrast, one of the two t(17;19)+ ALLs that lacked p15/p16 homozygous deletions showed probable hemizygous p15 hypermethylation. We conclude that homozygous p16 and/or p15 deletions and p15 hypermethylation rarely accompany E2A-PBX1 fusion, but occur in concert with E2A-HLF fusion in a subset of t(17;19)+ ALLs. These findings suggest that there may be different modes of cooperative leukemogenesis in ALLs associated with different E2A fusion proteins.
A formal framework of a secure mobile agent system based on extended elementary object system

Mobile agent paradigm is a newly emerged distributed computing paradigm. Because of its many salient merits, it has attracted tremendous attention in the past few years and become a promising direction in distributed computing and processing, as well as high performance network area. But it also brings significant new security threats, which have become the bottleneck of the development and maintenance of mobile agent systems. A lot of research has been dedicated to address these security issues. Many models for mobile agent systems have also been proposed. But research on modeling and analyzing a mobile agent system with security mechanisms using an intuitive formal method is rare. In this thesis, we present a formal framework for a generic secure mobile agent system based on Extended Elementary Object System (EEOS). EEOS extends the original Elementary Object System (EOS), which is a type of high-level Petri Net integrated with Object Oriented technology for better compositionality. We first introduce a mobile agent system and the security issues existing in a mobile agent system. Then we summarize the related works in mobile agent security research and mobility modeling. Next, we extend the original EOS in six aspects and propose the EEOS, based on which our formal framework of a secure mobile agent system is built. The formal framework includes four areas: structure, communication, mobility and security, each of which is elaborated respectively. As currently there is no simulation tool to support EOS, we introduce how to translate our EEOS model into Color Petri Net (CPN) model and then simulate the model in Design/CPN, the most widely used package for CPN. Simulation results are analyzed and features of our generic mobile agent systems can be derived. Finally we use a case study in electronic commerce to illustrate our formal modeling approach.
Crumbling Infrastructure and Learning Impairment: A Call for Responsibility.

We have known for many decades that lead exposure in children causes long-lasting cognitive dysfunction (Byers and Lord 1943; McKhann 1932). A great number of basic and human health studies have shown in great detail the neural mechanisms and behavioral consequences of developmental lead intoxication and how early-life lead exposure can lead to lifelong cognitive and emotional impairment. We have learned that even quite low levels of lead exposure can cause persistent cognitive impairment (Lanphear et al. 2005). The removal of lead from gasoline and paint was one of the great successes of the environmental health movement (Needleman 1998), and lead levels in our children have declined steadily over recent decades (Jones et al. 2009). However, that improvement has stopped in recent years (NCEH 2016) and in some places reversed, like in Flint, Michigan, where a deteriorating public water system has resulted in elevated lead levels in people’s drinking water (Hanna-Attisha et al. 2016). Deferred maintenance and deteriorating infrastructure do not just result in the nuisance of leaking pipes and potholes, but also cause increased risks to human health. Lead neurotoxicity is not as immediately catastrophic as collapsing bridges, but is often more insidious, impairing cognitive and emotional function over a period of decades. Abdicating our social responsibility to maintain our nation’s infrastructure not only results in the obvious crumbling buildings and bridges, it also jeopardizes the brain development of our next generation. As Dr. David Bellinger recently detailed in his excellent perspectives piece in the New England Journal of Medicine (Bellinger 2016), the excessive lead in Flint’s drinking water is “an abject failure to protect public health.” We know better and should be better stewards. We risk leaving our children not only a compromised environment but also compromised minds. The lead-laden drinking water in Flint is not only an environmental health crisis that must be remedied, it is also a call to be vigilant to prevent harmful exposures due to crumbling infrastructure, which can considerably add to the neurotoxic risks posed by other environmental toxicants found in and around our homes. The cost of keeping our water (and air and food) clear of toxics pales in comparison to the cost of our impaired brain and health function over the decades to come. It is quite short-sighted to say that we cannot afford to maintain our infrastructure and environment, when in fact we cannot afford not to do so. Can we learn the lesson of Flint and come clean with our environment? Lead intoxication during development causes cognitive impairment. However, even those of us older folks who grew up in the era of higher lead levels should be able to learn the lesson of Flint and develop cleaner solutions for the drinking water of our children.
Simple Method for Preparation and Culture of Multi-cellular Tumor Spheroid

Objective To find a rapid and simple method for preparation of multi-cellular tumor spheroid (MTS). Methods Two cell lines of pulmonary adenoma (AGZY and Anip) in our department were prepared for MTS with agar culture method of tuning bottle. Results The many convergencies of small amount cells were formed at 12~24 h after culture and then their outer layer cells division and proliferation were taken to form the spheroid in identical size and regular shape. MTS increased gradually and entered the platform stage after 12 days its surface cells dropped in 15 d and MTS collapsed. Conclusion This method could induce the strongly adhibit-wall cell lines of AGZY and Anip to form MTS. The quantity of MTS might be controlled with the cell concentration and MTS were unanimous in size and regular in shape. This method could be used in general lab because it could be simple and convenient for observation without higher requirement of equipment.
UMTS Authentication and Compatibility with GSM

This document introduce security architecture for 3rd mobile communication system-UMTS,it will give emphasis to authentication flow,theory and related algorithm. It also discuss authentication compatibility for UMTS and GSM.
Local ovarian effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on human chorionic gonadotropin-induced ovulation in the rabbit.

Ovarian smooth muscle and autonomic nerves have been suggested as significant ffactors in the mechanism of ovulation. Experiments using inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis have indicated that ovarian PGs may also be involved in the ovulatory process. Previous studies have shown that PGF2alpha enhances and PGE2 inhibits ovarian contractility in the rabbit. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of PGE2 and PGF2alpha on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced ovulation in the rabbit. 3 groups of 10 rabbits each were utilized: 1 group served as a control; 1 received PGE2; and a 3rd group received PGF2alpha. Experimental solutions were administered via an aortic catheter into the ovarian circulation beginning 7 hours after ovulation induction with hCG and continuing over the next 4 hours. At 7 11 14 and 32 hours after hCG administration follicles on the ovarian surface were counted and categorized into 4 stages of development. Administration of PGE2 led to a delay in ovulation while ovaries of PGF2alpha-treated animals ovulated at the same rate as the controls. The relationship of these relults to previous conclusions about PG effects on the ovarian neuromuscular complex is presented. The role of PGs as intermediates in the ovulatory process is discussed. (authors modified)
A CATALOG OF HOUSING TYPOLOGY IN ECOLOGICAL TERMS

The present study examines the concept of ecology and identifies its variables that are crucial in designing human habitat, namely housing. These ecological variables are identified as natural factors (climate, topography and material) and building typology. The interrelationship between these major factors is cross-examined on different ecosystems of the traditional housing and settlement types of Middle Eastern countries.
The stability of boundary layer type flows with infinite boundary conditions

The general disturbance equations are studied and it is found that for flows with infinite boundary conditions, the “inviscid” approximation leaves out all effects of viscosity. It is found that the customary parallel flow theory does not suffice for the investigation of viscous effects. The inviscid stability properties of the two-dimensional full and half jet are studied in detail and results presented. A method for investigating the viscous properties is proposed.
Simulating CO 2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers

This chapter presents the results of compositional reservoir simulation of a prototypical CO 2 storage project in a deep saline aquifer. The objective of the investigation was to better understand and quantify estimates of the most important CO 2 storage mechanisms under realistic physical conditions. Simulations of a few decades of CO 2 injection followed by 10 3 -10 5 years of natural gradient flow were done. The impact of several parameters was reviewed, including average permeability, the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability, residual gas saturation, salinity, temperature, aquifer dip angle, permeability heterogeneity and mineralization. The storage of CO 2 in residual gas emerges as a potentially very significant issue meriting further study. Under some circumstances this form of immobile storage can be larger than storage in brine and minerals.
Cerebral Vasculitis and Diet Pills

A 17 year old girl who developed cerebral vasculitis and hemorrhage following the ingestion of an overdose of phenylpropanolamine diet-aid pills is reported from the Schneider Children’s Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York.
Does organic farming accumulate carbon in deeper soil profiles in the long term

Abstract Organic farming systems provide the opportunity to deliver more soil ecosystem services than conventional practices. One such service could be soil organic C (SOC) accumulation, but recent debates suggest that this is unclear. Furthermore, organic farming potential to accumulate SOC for the entire soil profile is not well known. We quantified the cumulative SOC stocks, aggregate-associated SOC, and particulate organic matter (POM) concentrations for the 0–100 cm depth of the soil profile in a comparative crop rotation experiment in eastern Nebraska after > 20 yr of management. We studied: 1) conventional farming, 2) conventional farming with diversified rotation, 3) organic rotation with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as green manure, and 4) organic rotation receiving 37 Mg ha− 1 yr− 1 cattle manure. All the treatments had been managed for 40 yr except the organic rotation with green manure, which had been in place for 20 yr. Organic farming increased SOC stock, aggregate-associated SOC, and POM concentrations but only in the 0–15 cm soil depth. The SOC stock under organic cattle manure system was 19% greater than under conventional farming (33.1 Mg ha− 1) and 13% greater than under conventional farming with diversified rotation (34.8 Mg ha− 1). The SOC stock under organic rotation with green manure (36.6 Mg ha− 1) was 10% greater than in conventional farming. Results suggest that organic cropping systems accumulated SOC at 0.16 Mg C ha− 1 yr− 1 with cattle manure and 0.18 Mg C ha− 1 yr− 1 with green manure. Growing alfalfa for only two years in the 4-yr organic rotation probably limited its potential to increase SOC for the whole soil profile. Overall, in the long term, organic farming increases SOC stock but only in the upper 15 cm of the soil profile.
Nobel Lecture: Single molecules, cells, and super-resolution optics*

The 2014 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was shared by Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell, and William E. Moerner. These papers are the text of the address given in conjunction with the award.
The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on the Cardiovascular System

Obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions in industrialized regions, is associated with myriad cardiovascular abnormalities and several different types of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the finding of an obesity paradox among patients with prevalent CVD and limited cardiovascular outcomes data from clinical trials of medical weight loss have raised questions regarding the cardiovascular benefits of weight loss, particularly among those with existing CVD. Therefore, in this manuscript, we review recent investigative developments regarding the effects of bariatric surgery on the cardiovascular system. Emerging evidence demonstrates several beneficial cardiovascular changes following bariatric surgery. The weight loss consequent to bariatric surgery is associated with improved vascular function, lessened atherosclerosis, reversals of cardiac remodeling, and improved surrogate measures of arrhythmia. Additionally, a growing body of prospective, nonrandomized data also demonstrates a reduction in hard cardiovascular endpoints, including coronary heart disease events, heart failure rates, and incident atrial fibrillation. Surgical weight loss is linked to several improvements in cardiovascular structure and function, as well as a reduction in cardiovascular events. However, there is a need for additional data examining the effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular outcomes, particularly related to heart failure and arrhythmias and among patients with existing CVD. Despite the noted obesity paradox in CVD, it is likely that marked intentional weight loss among patients with morbid obesity is associated with significant cardiovascular risk reduction.
Higher Education as a Human Right in North Korea

The 1948 United Nations Declaration on Human Rights sets forth expectations that all nation-states afford certain privileges to their citizens, including access to education. Are all citizens of the DPRK afforded the opportunity to attend university based on merit? Does a human right to education include the right of access to all of the world’s knowledge? Does it include a right from coercive indoctrination? This chapter will explore these questions and attempt to describe a unique higher education system unlike any other in the world.
A sociolinguistic profile of English in Lebanon

This article provides an overview of the historical presence of foreign languages in Lebanon, focusing on language contact from the eighteenth century to date. Through sociolinguistic profiling, the paper describes the users and uses of English, as well as Lebanese attitudes towards English. The article begins by offering a general overview of the country, its languages and cultures, and its ethnic and religious groups. It presents a description of users of English along with a characterization of how the interpersonal, instrumental, regulative, and innovative functions of the language are manifested, while the final section of the article discusses attitudes to English in Lebanese society.
Comparison of Sports Drink Versus Oral Rehydration Solution During Exercise in the Heat

Introduction This study compared 2 commercially available beverages, an oral rehydration solution (ORS; 60.9 mM Na+; 3.4% carbohydrate) and a sports drink (SDS; 18.4 mM Na+; 5.9% carbohydrate), on hydration and metabolism during submaximal exercise in the heat. Methods Ten male subjects completed two 90-min exercise trials (39oC, 30%) of walking at 50% VO2max followed by a 30-min rest period in the heat while wearing wildland firefighter personal protective clothing. After 45 min of exercise, fluid delivery by either ORS or SDS replaced 150% of sweat loss. Subjects continued the exercise for 45 additional minutes followed by a 30-min rest period. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise (0 min), post-exercise (90 min), and post-trial (120 min) to measure plasma volume (%) and blood glucose (mg·dL-1). Expired gases were collected twice for 3 min for substrate oxidation. Results The sweat rate and percent dehydration did not differ between the groups (P=0.86 and P=0.79, respectively). Changes in plasma volume did not differ (P=0.55). Hemoglobin levels significantly increased in both groups post-trial (P=0.009). Blood glucose was significantly greater post-trial in SDS versus ORS (116±19 vs 103±13 mg·dL-1, respectively; P=0.01). Fat oxidation was lower post-exercise in SDS vs ORS (0.38±0.1 vs 0.47±0.2 g·min-1, respectively; P=0.049). Conclusions These data indicate no difference in fluid retention between ORS or SDS when supplemented during exercise in the heat. This implies that fluid volume, and not drink contents, may be more important when ingested during exercise in a hot environment.
Inequality in Learning Outcomes

This chapter turns to inequality in learning outcomes, as measured by within-country dispersion in standardized test scores. Torpey-Saboe finds that the relationship between globalization and education inequality is consistent whether inequality is measured in years of education or test score achievement. Labor-abundant countries open to trade have lower education inequality than other types of economies. The relationships between modernization and inequality and political regime and inequality are not consistent with the findings in Chap. 5 on access to education, however. While modernization is associated with lower inequality in years of education, it is associated with higher inequality in terms of learning outcomes. Also, the author finds that in countries with high levels of income inequality, democracy is associated with greater disparities in learning outcomes. Several examples from different countries, including Chile and former Soviet bloc countries are discussed.
Illumination effects on satellite articulation characterization from a trajectory matrix using optimization

Autonomous on-orbit satellite servicing and inspection benefits from an inspector satellite that can autonomously gain as much information as possible about the primary satellite. This includes performance of articulated objects such as solar arrays, antennas, and sensors. This paper presents a method of characterizing the articulation of a satellite using resolved monocular imagery. A simulated point cloud representing a nominal satellite with articulating solar panels and a complex articulating appendage is developed and projected to the image coordinates that would be seen from an inspector following a given inspection route. A method is developed to analyze the resulting trajectory matrix. The developed method takes advantage of the fact that the route of the inspector satellite is known to enable the reprojection error to be used as an objective function for optimization of a model that best describes the feature points seen. Once the model is calculated, it can be compared to the known truth. Simulating the input data allows different inspection routes to easily be evaluated. Particularly, the effects of fly-by and natural motion circumnavigation inspection routes with sub-optimal illumination are investigated using a set of newly proposed evaluation metrics.
Intraocular Pressure and Damage of Optic Nerve Axons

How does elevated intraocular pressure cause glaucoma? This is one of the compelling questions that remains to be adequately answered in studies of this disease. Recent evidence points to a link between increased stress and strain at the level of the optic nerve head, which somehow affects the normal function and survival of ganglion cell axons in this region. Once the axons are affected, ganglion cell somas follow suit and begin to degenerate. This model of events provides a testable framework for future studies into the cell and molecular pathology of a major blinding disease that is increasing in prevalence with our aging population.
Post-exam feedback with question rationales improves re-test performance of medical students on a multiple-choice exam.

This study compared the effects of two types of delayed feedback (correct response or correct response + rationale) provided to students by a computer-based testing system following an exam. The preclinical medical curriculum at the University of Kansas Medical Center uses a two-exam system for summative assessments in which students test, revisit material, and then re-test (same content, different questions), with the higher score used to determine the students’ grades. Using a quasi-experimental design and data collected during the normal course of instruction, test and re-test scores from midterm multiple choice examinations were compared between academic year (AY) 2015–2016, which provided delayed feedback with the correct answer only, and AY 2016–2017, where delayed feedback consisted of the correct answer plus a rationale. The average increase in score on the re-test was 2.29 ± 6.83% (n = 192) with correct answer only and 3.92 ± 7.12% (n = 197) with rationales (p < 0.05). The effect of the rationales was not different in students of differing academic abilities based on entering composite MCAT scores or Year 1 GPA. Thus, delayed feedback with exam question rationales resulted in a greater increase in exam score between the test and re-test than feedback with correct response only. This finding suggests that delayed elaborative feedback on a summative exam produced a small, but significant, improvement in learning, in medical students.
Chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations are differentially associated with lost productivity based on asthma status.

Background The frequency of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) exacerbations is an independent predictor of quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate if increased CRS exacerbations predict decreased productivity. Methods Cross-sectional study of adult CRS patients. Number of patient-reported CRS-related antibiotic and oral corticosteroids courses and sinus infections in the past three months were used as metrics for acute exacerbations of CRS (AECRS). Productivity loss was measured by asking participants the number of lost days of work or school due to CRS in the past three months. Associations were sought between lost productivity and AECRS, controlling for clinical and demographic characteristics. Results 371 participants were recruited. 28.8% of study participants had comorbid asthma. The mean number of lost days of productivity due to CRS in the last three months was 1.5 for asthmatic participants and 2.4 for non-asthmatic participants. In asthmatics, CRS-related lost productivity was significantly associated with number of CRS-related antibiotics used (and oral corticosteroids used, with a trend for sinus infections. No AECRS metric was significantly associated with lost productivity in non-asthmatics. However, when focusing on non-asthmatics reporting missed days of work or school due to CRS, we found statistically significant associations between AECRS metrics and lost productivity. Conclusions The frequency of AECRS is associated with CRS-related lost productivity in asthmatics and in the subset of non-asthmatics with moderate CRS-related productivity losses.
Expanding Visibility on Twitter: Author and Message Characteristics and Retweeting:

Retweeting is not simply to get messages out to new audiences, but also to validate and engage with others. Using a content analysis of 3,429 tweets about the South Korean Anti-Terrorism Act of 201...
Minding the Gap(s): Hospitalists Experience Aspirational, Safety, and Knowledge Deficits That Prevent Them From Practicing POCUS

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been a mainstay of clinical decision-making in the intensive care unit and emergency department for more than a decade, but adoption into hospital medicine has lagged behind. Recently, internal medicine residency programs have started to develop POCUS curricula for trainees, though concurrent hospitalist training programs have been limited to date, with little consensus on what hospitalist-oriented curricula should entail. As such, there is wide variability amongst hospitalists with respect to utilization of, training in, and proficiency in POCUS. We conducted a two-part survey of internal medicine hospitalists at our institution: (1) needs assessment that focused on prior training, attitudes and perspectives, current practices, desired use, and barriers to clinical integration; and (2) knowledge test of exam indications, image interpretation, medical decision-making, and understanding of limitations. Our results demonstrate that a majority of hospitalists felt that POCUS was important for diagnostic purposes and that they would benefit from POCUS-specific education. Inadequate training was the most cited barrier to POCUS use. Hospitalist knowledge was lacking in all domains, particularly image interpretation and clinical integration. As a result, we created a three-tiered training program meant to engage: (1) All hospitalists in basic knowledge and appropriate use of POCUS, (2) Some hospitalists in hands-on skill acquisition and image interpretation, and (3) Few hospitalists in mastery of POCUS with resultant formal credentialing. A tiered approach to POCUS training for hospitalists ensures a fundamental cognitive understanding of POCUS for all, but also facilitates hands-on training for those who are committed to further skillset development.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND GENDER ON COMPLETION OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) decreases mortality and improves quality of life in post cardiac event patients. What is unclear is how social support impacts outcomes. Social support is defined as having individuals who can provide emotional and physical aid in times of need and has been associated
A study on social support of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Objective To explore the social support in patients with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) and its relevant factors. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted using the Social Support Rating Scale ( SSRS ) in patients with HIV infection or AIDS. Results The total scores on the SSRS and the scores of objective and subjective support were greater in patients with AIDS than those with HIV infection ( P< 0.05 ). The total scores on the SSRS and the scores of objective support and subjective support were higher in patients living with family or friends than those living alone ( P< 0.05 ). The total scores on the SSRS and the scores of and objective support were higher migrant patients than in local patients ( P < 0.05 ). The scores of objective support and utilization of support were higher in patients with moderate income than in those with low income. Conclusions Social support for people living with HIV/AIDS is affected by multiple factors. Patients with HIV infection have lower levels of social support. We should strengthen the social support for those living alone, migrant patients, or those with low income to improve their quality of life. Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Social support; Influencing factors; Questionnaires
SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are Expressed in the Pancreas but are Not Enriched in Islet Endocrine Cells

Summary/Abstract Reports of new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis in individuals with COVID-19 have led to the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is directly cytotoxic to pancreatic islet β cells. This would require binding and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host β cells via cell surface co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the putative receptor and effector protease, respectively. To define ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in the human pancreas, we examined six transcriptional datasets from primary human islet cells and assessed protein expression by immunofluorescence in pancreata from donors with and without diabetes. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 transcripts were low or undetectable in pancreatic islet endocrine cells as determined by bulk or single cell RNA sequencing, and neither protein was detected in α or β cells from these donors. Instead, ACE2 protein was expressed in the islet and exocrine tissue microvasculature and also found in a subset of pancreatic ducts, whereas TMPRSS2 protein was restricted to ductal cells. The absence of significant ACE2 and TMPRSS2 co-expression in islet endocrine cells reduces the likelihood that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects pancreatic islet β cells through these cell entry proteins.
Expanding the Frontiers of Treatment: Cryoablation of an Ovarian Mass.

The ovaries are a common site of metastasis from a variety of solid organ malignancies. These tumors most commonly originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Neuroendocrine tumors of the small bowel are unrelenting in their tendency to exhibit this type of distant spread, which poses a challenge for curative treatment. Whether metastatic disease to the ovary or primary ovarian malignancy, this is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for women of various ages. Currently, a mainstay of palliative treatment for advanced-stage disease resides in surgical debulking and chemotherapy. At times, these patients may not be surgical candidates due to various reasons which may include a large disease burden. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous cryoablation is a minimally invasive technique that has shown promise in treating solid organ metastatic lesions by exposing them to lethal temperatures. We describe a novel technique of palliative cryoablation of a primary small bowel carcinoid tumor that metastasized to the ovary. Hydrodissection was utilized to create a window for safe percutaneous treatment. At the end of freeze cycles, intraoperative CT was performed, demonstrating greater than 90% incorporation of the ovarian tumor within the margins of the lethal ice zone. Our team decided that this was a maximum percentage of freeze due to neighboring vessels and bowel. The patient tolerated this treatment well, and there were no reported post-operative complications. The procedure was clinically successful at shrinking the tumor as demonstrated on a nine-month follow-up CT. Percutaneous cryoablation is already a widely utilized method for treating tumors in various locations including the kidneys and liver. The application of cryoablation can be expanded as an effective and safe palliative technique for treating ovarian tumors. This may be especially useful in patients that are not surgical candidates.
Nanoporous Pd-Cu thin films as highly active and durable catalysts for oxygen reduction in alkaline media

Abstract A facile electrochemical etching approach was developed and implemented to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Pd-Cu films for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The nanoporous (np) Pd-Cu was synthesized through electrochemical de-alloying of pre-deposited Pd-Cu films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to confirm the residual amount of Cu in the np structure. The accordingly prepared np catalysts showed excellent ORR activity up to 1.11 A/mgPd at a potential of 0.9 V vs. RHE which is around 22-times and 6.2-times higher than that of a plain Pd film and commercial Pd/C catalyst, respectively. The ORR activity enhancement is attributed to the unique porous structure, large Pd surface area, and modified electronic structure of Pd with residual Cu as confirmed by the SEM, hydrogen underpotential deposition, and CO stripping characterizations. The np Pd-Cu catalyst also showed excellent durability which is manifested by a negligible decrease in the half-wave potential (4 mV negative shift) after 10,000 potential cycles in alkaline media. These findings provide insights into the rational design of an electrocatalyst's structure utilizing an electrochemical de-alloying method to achieve high atomic utilization and improved catalytic performance.
Use of Radiation Dosimeter Badges in Oil and Gas Workers

Extraction of oil and gas from shale requires use of modern techniques that combine horizontal drilling and high volume hydraulic fracturing. These modern techniques produce large volumes of soil and wastewaters that can contain radium 226, radium 224 and other forms of radiation. Increase in drilling activity provides jobs; but it also exposes workers to radiation risks. This study reviews the relative risk of workers in different sectors of the oil and gas industry and suggests protective equipment for workers, including but not limited to use of radiation dosimeter badges. The study also suggests the need for regulation and discusses the relative roles of state and federal government in protecting workers both directly involved in the oil and gas industry and downstream workers who may also have radiation exposure depending on disposal practices. Presentation to the 2016 American Public Health Association (APHA) Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado
Self-Synchronization Scheme for Network of Grid-following and Grid-forming Photovoltaic Inverters

Microgrids in power electronics dominated grid (PEDG) should be able to operate under islanded and grid-connected modes and switch between them seamlessly. During the islanding events severe fluctuations in voltage and frequency of the microgrid may arise that can cause unstable operation and ultimately blackout. Moreover, under this transition the inverter may lose synchronism or point of synchronization because of disconnection from grid. This paper proposes: (i) a predictive control scheme that enables dual-mode (grid-forming and grid-following) operation of inverters and enables seamless transition between these two modes; and (ii) a swift single-point synchronization scheme for the network of grid-following and grid-forming inverters. The proposed control scheme mitigates voltage, current, and frequency fluctuations and enables seamless transition while needing limited time for synchronization between the grid-connected and the islanded modes of operation. Moreover, the predictive controller ensures smooth toggling between grid-following and grid-forming modes of operation and extracting maximum power from photovoltaic energy sources. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme with its self-synchronization capability is validated by various case studies under grid-tied, islanded and transition from grid-connected to islanded mode of operations.
An introduction to C# and the .Net framework

A new style of programming is developing in which applications are created from building blocks available over the Internet. Integrating software components developed in various languages can be difficult. The .NET framework allows software components written in different languages to interact with each other or with old packaged software written in C/C++, hence supporting interoperability. This framework allows for the management and execution of applications and Web services. The framework provides security, memory management and other programming capabilities. In addition, the architecture is capable of existing on multiple platforms. C# is an event-driven, fully object-oriented, visual programming language that was developed specifically for .NET. Its constructs are familiar enough to enable programmers to migrate from C/C++ and Java easily.This tutorial will present C# and Visual Studio's .NET IDE. The tutorial will start out with examples of simple console applications, pointing out differences to C++ and Java. It will demonstrate how to visually program windows applications using several pre-packaged components. As time allows, it will cover concepts for building applications that interact with databases usingADO.NET and SQL, as well as building interactive web documents that respond to client requests using ASP.NET.
Breast secretions in normal women

Abstract The incidence of breast secretions in a group of normal women was studied. No secretions were found in women who had never been pregnant, but were fairly common in those who had been gravid at one time. Usually the women were unaware of the presence of these secretions. The incidence of secretions in women taking oral contraceptives was less than in those not taking such medication. This investigation indicates that galactorrhea in an apparently normal nulligravida may be very significant, whereas a similar finding in a woman who has been pregnant in the past may have no clinical importance. It also suggests a lack of a causal relationship between oral contraceptives and galactorrhea.
Sparse allocation of resources in dynamical networks with application to spread control

Sparse resource allocation to shape a network dynamical process is studied. Specifically, we consider allocating limited distributed control resources among a subset of a network's components, to minimize the dominant eigenvalue of a linear dynamical process associated with the network. Structural characterizations of the closed-loop dynamics at the optimum are obtained. These results are then used to 1) develop constructive algorithms for optimal resource allocation, 2) identify limits on the control performance, and 3) understand the relationship between the network's graph and the optimal resource profile. This study advances a research thrust on disease spread control in networks, toward the realistic paradigm that control resources can only be allocated at a subset of network locations.
Molecular phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata)

The Valvatacea is one the most ecologically important, taxonomically diverse, and widespread groups of post-Palaeozoic (i.e. modern) Asteroidea. Classification within the group has been historically problematic. We present a comprehensively sampled, three-gene (12S, 16S, early-stage histone H3) molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Valvatacea. We include five of the six families within the Paxillosida, the monotypic Notomyotida, and 13 of the 16 families of the living Valvatida. The Solasteridae is removed from the Velatida (Spinulosacea) and joins the Ganeriidae and the Leilasteridae as members of the clade containing the Asterinidae. The Poraniidae is supported as the sister group to the large cluster of Valvatacea. Asteropseids and poraniids are phylogenetically distant, contrary to morphological evidence. Several goniasterid-like ophidiasterids, such as Fromia and Neoferdina are supported as derived goniasterids rather than as Ophidiasteridae. The Benthopectinidae (Notomyotida) are supported as members of the Paxillosida as are two members of the Pseudarchasterinae that have traditionally been considered members of the Goniasteridae. Our data suggest that Antarctic valvataceans may be derived from sister taxa in adjacent regions. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161, 769–788.
Teaching Swimming to Soldiers

(1925). Teaching Swimming to Soldiers. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 228-230.