cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on insurance among young adults with cancer: Analysis of the dependent insurance provision

Author(s): Parsons, Helen M; Schmidt, Susanne; Tenner, Laura L; Bang, Heejung; Keegan, Theresa HM | Abstract: BackgroundThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) included provisions to extend dependent health care coverage up to the age of 26 years in 2010. The authors examined the early impact of the ACA (before the implementation of insurance exchanges in 2014) on insurance rates in young adults with cancer, a historically underinsured group.MethodsUsing National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data for 18 cancer registries, the authors examined insurance rates before (pre) (January 2007-September 2010) versus after (post) (October 2010-December 2012) dependent insurance provisions among young adults aged 18 to 29 years when diagnosed with cancer during 2007 through 2012. Using multivariate generalized mixed effect models, the authors conducted difference-in-differences analysis to examine changes in overall and Medicaid insurance after the ACA among young adults who were eligible (those aged 18-25 years) and ineligible (those aged 26-29 years) for policy changes.ResultsAmong 39,632 young adult cancer survivors, the authors found an increase in overall insurance rates in those aged 18 to 25 years after the dependent provisions (83.5% for pre-ACA vs 85.4% for post-ACA; Pl.01), but not among individuals aged 26 to 29 years (83.4% for pre-ACA vs 82.9% for post-ACA; P = .38). After adjusting for patient sociodemographics and cancer characteristics, the authors found that those aged 18 to 25 years had a 3.1% increase in being insured compared with individuals aged 26 to 29 years (Pl.01); however, there were no significant changes noted in Medicaid enrollment (P = .17).ConclusionsThe findings of the current study identify an increase in insurance rates for young adults aged 18 to 25 years compared with those aged 26 to 29 years (1.9% vs -0.5%) that was not due to increases in Medicaid enrollment, thereby demonstrating a positive impact of the ACA dependent care provisions on insurance rates in this population. Cancer 2016;122:1766-73. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Survivors of gender-based violence and role of official psychiatry in recovery process

Consequences of events in the Southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic continue to have impact on communities to the present day. One of the most significant is a number of undiagnosed cases of rapes and other types of gender-based violence (GBV), which happened during the events of 2010. Accurate prevalence rates of GBV cases is still unknown. According to official data of Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were only seven cases of rape, however, according to the crisis center reports, there were 325. Even more alarming, witnesses of the Osh events suggest one out of three women in Osh and Jalal-Abad were either raped or suffered from other types of GBV. Those acts included undressing and unveiling, and cutting women's hair to a shamelessly short length. Cultural stereotypes dictate women hide their ‘shame’, which is why only a small percentage of victims with PTSD symptoms that developed after GBV sought out services from professionals, such as from crisis centers, psychologists and psychiatrists and, of course, police. Author analyzed several cases of women raped during the Osh massacre and suffered from PTSD signs afterwards. The previous painful experience of GBV was uncovered during treatment. The problem is that mental heath care specialists are the last stop for applying for help. This paper analyses several ways of solving the problem, including creating a number of normative documents in collaboration with Ministry of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Determination of benzene series in water by automatic headspace-capillary gas chromatography

Objective:To set up the analysis methods of benzene series in water.Methods:Optimization of chromatographic conditions and headspace conditions,the introduction of automatic headspace capillary gas chromatography determination of benzene series in water.Results:The eight kinds of components in 7 minutes to complete and has good separation efficiency.In 1 μg/L～100 μg/L concentration range available to a good linear correlation coefficient of 0.999.The method used for synthetic water samples,the standard for the determination of the coefficient of variation of 1.6%～5.8%.The lowest detection concentration of 0.5 μg/L(benzene,toluene),1 μg/L(ethylbenzene,styrene,o-xylene,cumene) 2 μg/L(p,m-xylene).To participate in competition by Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,satisfactory results.Conclusion:The method is simple,rapid,and it has good precision and accuracy,which can be used for the determination of benzene in water.
Vesicle formation from the nuclear envelope in amphibian oocytes.

Electron microscopic evidence has been presented which suggests that the cytoplasmic vesicles observed in amphibian oocytes are derived by blebbing from the nuclear envelope and migrate to the periphery. The mechanism of bleb formation is discussed.
An Examination of the Effects of Scarcity and Discounting on Purchase Decision Regret

In a post-recession American shopping landscape, discounting has become even more prominent as a sales promotion tool. Consumers understand this tactic, but one needs only watch the television show, Extreme Couponing, to understand the importance of saving money. Similarly, one must only watch the 2012 “Enough. Is. Enough.” J.C. Penney commercial to realize the possible negative consequences of discounting. Seasonal discounting, in particular, is a managerial technique utilized to unload excess inventory and make room for newer merchandise. The Steadily Increasing Discount (SID) model is a pricing strategy that manipulates scarcity (availability of the product) and the upcoming discount schedule to maximize purchase intent (Gabler and Reynolds 2013). While the SID model has been shown to have a positive impact on purchase intent, the possible negative side effects have not been examined. The current research investigates the decision regret associated with such a strategy. Specifically, we explore two types of regret: action regret, or the regret associated with making a purchase and later discovering a missed discount; and inaction regret, or the regret associated with waiting for a discount to take effect and then missing out on the product itself. Using Expected Utility Theory and the omission bias effect, we design and implement an experimental scenario to test these relationships. We uncover that both the level of discount and the number of available products influence the regret felt after a purchase decision. By examining the negative consequences of the SID model, this research serves as a cautionary tale for managers who implement such a model. While persuading people to purchase products is an important goal, considering the need to establish loyalty and customer lifetime value, the risk of alienating, upsetting, or angering customers is one that managers must consider when developing their pricing schedules.
Isolation and partial characterization of flagellar tubulin from Marsilea vestita

Very little biochemical work has been done on plant cell tubulin. In this study, tubulin was isolated from sperm cell flagella from the fern Marsilea vestita. Electrophoresis of reduced and carboxymethylated Marsilea tubulin on three different gel systems revealed that Marsilea tubulin consisted of α- and β-bands, as do the better-known animal and protist tubulins. Comparison of the electrophoretic mobilities of Marsilea, Aspergillus, Chlamydomonas and bovine tubulin showed that Marsilea tubulin's behavior is unique but is most like that of Chlamydomonas. The effects in vivo of tubulin-specific drugs were also examined. Mitosis of Marsilea microspores was sensitive to colchicine, podophyllotoxin and vinblastine, at concentrations higher than those necessary to obtain comparable effects in animal cells, but equivalent to those which block mitosis in Chlamydomonas. In addition, all three drugs, depending on the stage at which they were administered, either prevented flagellar growth or caused formation of abnormal flagella. It thus appears that Marsilea has microtubules similar in many ways to the better characterized animal microtubules but also demonstrating unique characteristics.
Forgetting to Remember: The Present Neglect and Future Prospects of Collective Memory in Sociological Theory

Memory is rarely considered an essential tool for sociological theorizing. Yet an understanding of memory as integral to the core of social life—indeed as the very tissue that binds collectivities together—has been inscribed in the sociological tradition from the beginning. Challenging the assumption that memory is a special interest—a sub-subfield within cultural sociology—this chapter argues for moving the concept of “collective memory” from the periphery of sociological theorizing to its core. In particular, current debates and conversations in the collective memory literature can advance two major projects in contemporary theory: (1) the effort to theorize the epoch in which we live, be it—for instance—“late,” “post,” “reflexive,” or “liquid” modern, and (2) the effort to define the meaning of “culture” and specify its role in larger social processes, a project that has simultaneously captivated and perplexed sociologists since the “cultural turn.” Accordingly, this chapter briefly traces the history of the “collective memory” concept and its revival in the 1980s, then draws from the field’s vibrant debates to reveal how the memory literature addresses broader theoretical questions.
Acoustic-driven delta rhythms as prosodic markers

ABSTRACTOscillation-based models of speech perception postulate a cortical computation principle by which decoding is performed within a time-varying window structure, synchronised with the input on multiple time scales. The windows are generated by a segmentation process, implemented by a cascade of oscillators. This paper tests the hypothesis that prosodic segmentation is driven by a “flexible” (in contrast to autonomous, “rigid”) oscillator in the delta range (0.5–3 Hz) by tracking prosodic rhythms, such that intelligibility is impaired when the ability of this oscillator to synchronise to these rhythms is impaired. In setting phrasal boundaries, both bottom-up acoustic-driven and top-down context-invoked processes interact in a manner that is difficult to decompose. The present experiments used context-free random-digit strings in order to focus exclusively on bottom-up processes. Two experiments are reported. Listeners performed a target identification task, listening to stimuli with prescribed chunk...
Is Coronary Atherosclerosis One Disease or Many? Setting Realistic Expectations for Precision Medicine.

Age-adjusted mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) has decreased substantially in recent decades, in large part, related to a combination of lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies, and revascularization strategies. But do we need a new approach? The All of Us Research Program (a cohort study within the Precision Medicine Initiative) will begin enrollment of ≥1million participants in 2017. This landmark resource will enable investigation into the substantial interindividual variation in physiology, risk of disease, and response to therapy. Perhaps CAD patients, currently lumped together in the guidelines and minds of clinicians, actually have one of many disease subtypes. Each such subtype might lead to CAD via a distinct driving pathway and thus benefit from distinct therapeutic approaches. The ability to transform disease taxonomy in this fashion is an often-cited expectation of precision medicine.1 Alternatively, the manifestation of CAD might reflect a quantitative blend of causal risk pathways in each individual (Figure). Precision medicine might enable identification of new risk pathways, each with broad relevance to the CAD population. Figure. Coronary atherosclerosis: one disease or many? One potential paradigm for precision medicine is that additional phenotyping might lead to the identification of a distinct driver (depicted by various colors in this schematic) in each individual. Alternatively, the manifestation of coronary artery disease in each individual may relate to a quantitative blend of such causal factors. Although not mutually exclusive, this dichotomy may help to frame expectations for the All of Us Research Program and other similar precision medicine biobanks. Human genetics studies of CAD provide an opportunity to explore the 2 hypotheses: distinct driver in each …
Illegality, motherhood, and place: Undocumented Latinas making meaning and negotiating daily life

Abstract Federal immigration policies powerfully shape immigrants' and their families' lives, but the consequences are uneven across place. Taking seriously the notion of place as socially constructed, this article draws from two qualitative studies, one in the new rural immigrant destination of Southwest, Montana, and the other in the traditional urban destination of Los Angeles, California, to examine how undocumented immigrants navigate daily life in the US. In the face of legal violence and place-specific forms of exploitation, mothers exert strained forms of agency through access to or creative redefinitions of local work, social services, and networks. They make meaning of place as best as they can through the lens of motherhood, regardless of how they achieve financial or emotional stability for their children. The analysis reveals that illegality intersects with dynamic characteristics of place to produce varying experiences of exploitation and constrained agency centered often on motherhood.
Extraterritoriality and digital patent infringement

Additive manufacturing techniques, colloquially referred to as 3D printing, increasingly will place pressure on the world’s patent systems in a manner akin to the challenges the copyright systems faced due to digital files. Unlike copyright, however, the digital files themselves do not, under present law, constitute the patented invention itself. A co-author and I have advocated that, under current US law, there should be infringement based on the digital files themselves, if someone sells or offers to sell the file that will “print” the patented invention. We dubbed this “digital infringement.” Additionally, others have called for mechanisms to protect patent holders from losing control of their invention by, for example, drafting claims that are specific to such digital files. While such digital infringement would afford patent owners greater protections against 3D printing, it also creates issues of its potential the extraterritorial reach. The same case that opened the door to digital infringement in the US – Transocean – also has the potential to dramatically expand the extraterritorial reach of a US patent. In theory, anyone in the world offering to sell or selling the digital file to someone in the US could not be liable for patent infringement in the US. Also, if the sale results in massive copies of the invention outside of the US, it could be possible for a party to responsible for the damages arising from those copies, so long as there was a domestic act of infringement. US case law currently prevents such a damages award, but it is not clear the courts answered the questions correctly. The chapter explores this dynamic and offers possible mechanisms for addressing this concern, such as a consideration of conflict of laws prior to any assessment of liability.
The Autism Spectrum: Human Rights Perspectives.

In the next decade, approximately half a million teenagers on the autism spectrum will transition to adulthood. Unlike earlier generations, who were institutionalized as children in state psychiatric hospitals or hidden by their families, many of today’s young adults with autism spectrum disorders grew up at home and attended school in their communities. This was a major accomplishment of strong and tireless advocacy on the part of families who challenged powerful governmental and bureaucratic forces. Whether teenagers will succeed as adults in their communities depends in part on the strength and tirelessness of their families and the responses of our society. We are at the beginning of a massive social experiment. Much of the outcome hinges on the attitudes of the over 70 million “neurotypical” (nonautistic) millennials, many of whom had opportunities to meet neurodiverse classmates in inclusive programs at school and may be more accepting of neurodiversity than are their parents. But now that the autism community is “aging out” of school, they will need to interact with the broader community, including older generations of neurotypical doctors, who had never seen peers with autism and who may be uncomfortable. This will come as a surprise. To pediatricians, the emergence of an adult population on the spectrum is no surprise. They have watched for decades the rapid expansion of the diagnostic criteria and the rapid evolution of therapeutic approaches. Pediatricians have been learning about autism for decades from experts and, perhaps mostly, from their patients. In contrast, their physician colleagues in adult medicine and other fields, such as urology, typically have limited exposure to adults diagnosed with autism. Because parents (or whoever is responsible for care) realize this, many still cling to their adult children’s pediatricians, begging them to continue providing care long after their children reach age 18. But … Address correspondence to Linda L. Demer, MD, PhD, Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Bioengineering, CHS A2-237, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679. E-mail: ldemer{at}mednet.ucla.edu
Marital Torts: The Current Legal Landscape

Tort claims were thought, by some attorneys, to be particularly useful in obtaining an unequal division of the property through the device of claiming compensation for injuries suffered during the marriage. As might be expected, this development has not been greeted with enthusiasm by advocates of a no-fault dissolution system. Nonetheless, the marital tort suit appears to be here to stay. At the turn of the millennium, this essay surveys the legal landscape to see where we have come and, perhaps, to see where we are going.
Materials for High-energy Density Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries have emerged as the choice of rechargeable power source as they offer much higher energy density than other systems. However, their performance factors such as energy density, power density, and cycle life depend on the electrode materials employed. This chapter provides an overview of the cathode and anode materials systems for lithium-ion batteries. After providing a brief introduction to the basic principles involved in lithium-ion cells, the structure-property-performance relationships of cathode materials like layered LiMO2 (M = Mn, Co, and Ni) and their soiled solutions, spinel LiMn2O4, and olivine LiFePO4 are presented. Then, a brief account of the carbon, alloy, oxide, and nanocomposite anode materials is presented.
Sleep and Migraine: Assessment and Treatment of Comorbid Sleep Disorders

The relationship of sleep and migraine is unequivocal and familiarity with the nature and magnitude of these associations may inform clinical practice. Recent prospective, longitudinal, and time-series analysis has begun to unravel the magnitude and temporal patterns of sleep and migraine. Prospective evidence has shown that sleep variables can trigger acute migraine, precede and predict new onset headache by several years, and indeed, sleep disturbance and snoring are risk factors for chronification. The presence of a sleep disorder is associated with more frequent and severe migraine and portends a poorer headache prognosis. Interestingly, the disorders linked to migraine are quite varied, including insomnia, snoring and obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs, circadian rhythm disorders, narcolepsy, and others. Insomnia is by far the most common sleep disorder in headache patients. In fact, the majority of patients with chronic migraine presenting for treatment have insomnia. Despite a rapidly expanding literature, very few controlled treatment studies have been published to guide clinical practice. This paper focuses on clinical assessment and treatment of sleep disorders. An algorithm is presented for sleep disorders management in the migraine patient, which highlights major sleep disorders and psychiatric comorbidity. Diagnostic procedures are recommended that are conducive to clinical practice. Suggested tools include the sleep history, screening mnemonics, prediction equation, and sleep diary. New developments in treatment have produced abbreviated and cost-effective therapies for insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea that may reach a larger population. Revisions in the diagnostic manuals for sleep and headache disorders enhance recognition of sleep-related headache. Recommendations include behavioral sleep regulation, shown in recent controlled trials to decrease migraine frequency, management for sleep apnea headache, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia abbreviated for the physician practice setting, sleep-related headache trigger, and others. There is no empirical evidence that sleep evaluation should delay or supersede usual headache care. Rather, sleep management is complimentary to standard headache practice.
A Holistic Approach for Lifetime Prolonging and Femto Base Station’s Sleeping Strategy in HetNets

While Femto Base Stations (FBSs) are promising solutions for providing the required throughput for end users, they may impact energy efficiency, especially, as the density of the FBSs increases significantly. In this paper we focus on enhancing energy efficiency in heterogenous networks, where Macro BSs (MBSs) and FBSs co-exist, by presenting a sleeping strategy. In the sleeping strategy FBSs serving few users are turned off and their users and resources are offloaded to neighboring FBSs. However, adapting the sleeping strategy will affect the lifetime of the FBSs, due to the frequent change of power level between turning ON and OFF the FBS. Therefore, in order to maximize energy savings, we formulate an optimization problem that provides an optimal user association and FBSs sleeping strategy for the entire network, while minimizing the total numbers of the power change for every FBS. Since the problem is NP-hard, we propose a clustering heuristic approach, where we divide the network into smaller clusters and solve the optimization for each cluster independently. Simulation results show that the clustering heuristic approach performs close to the optimal approach with the energy consumption being reduced significantly.
Engineering Methyllysine Writers and Readers for Allele-Specific Regulation of Protein–Protein Interactions

Protein-protein interactions mediated by methyllysine are ubiquitous in biological systems. Specific perturbation of such interactions has remained a challenging endeavor. Herein, we describe an allele-specific strategy toward an engineered protein-protein interface orthogonal to the human proteome. We develop a methyltransferase (writer) variant that installs aryllysine moiety on histones that can only be recognized by an engineered chromodomain (reader). We establish biochemical integrity of the engineered interface, provide structural evidence for orthogonality and validate its applicability to identify transcriptional regulators. Our approach provides an unprecedented strategy for specific manipulation of the methyllysine interactome.
A Modified Min-Sum Algorithm for Quantized LDPC Decoders

It is well known that for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, the attenuated min-sum algorithm (AMSA) and the offset min-sum algorithm (OMSA) can outperform the conventional min-sum algorithm (MSA) at low signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs). In this paper, we demonstrate that, for quantized LDPC decoders, although the MSA achieves better high SNR performance than the AMSA and OMSA, each of the MSA, AMSA, and OMSA all suffer from a relatively high error floor. Therefore, we propose a novel modification of the MSA for decoding quantized LDPC codes with the aim of lowering the error floor. Compared to the quantized MSA, the proposed modification is also helpful at low SNRs, where it matches the waterfall performance of the quantized AMSA and OMSA. The new algorithm is designed based on the assumption that trapping/absorbing sets (or other problematic graphical objects) are the major cause of the error floor for quantized LDPC decoders, and it aims to reduce the probability that these problematic objects lead to decoding errors.
Cervicothoracic Manipulation Techniques Reviewed Utilizing Three-Dimensional Spine Model

Currently, there is a paucity of studies that describe prone cervicothoracic joint high-velocity low-amplitude (HVLA) thrust techniques using an anatomically accurate, biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) spine model for educational demonstration. The purpose of this technical report was to present a learning model for two prone cervicothoracic HVLA thrust techniques using a 3D model, review intersegmental mobility observed on a 3D spine model with application of the techniques, and lastly discuss potential applications of this learning model.
A Deeper Dive Into Advanced and Future Directions in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia is a disease that affects predominantly older patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 68. Overall prognosis is poor, but novel therapies that have emerged in recent years offer hope that outcomes can improve. In this comprehensive presentation, speakers covered a broad array of topics, including diagnostic workup, risk stratification, and novel therapeutic agents, and walked listeners through three illustrative case presentations.
Malware Detection using Behavioral Whitelisting of Computer Systems

Malware detection has been an active area of research for a long time. With the rapid growth of self-mutating malware, many malware-detection tools fail quickly or have a high rate of false positives. Our work tackles the problem differently by creating anomaly detectors for computer systems. Since the number of potential malware far exceeds the number of benign software on any given computer system, our thesis is that it is possible to efficiently detect malware as anomalies in the expected behavior of computer systems hosting only benign software. This is in contrast to traditional approaches that attempt to construct behavioral models for every possible instance or type of malware.
Post-mastectomy sensory recovery and restoration

Breast sensation has recently become an integral aspect of the reconstructive goal after mastectomy and is an important consideration for many patients. Neurotization techniques using primary coaptation, autograft, allograft, or nerve conduit have been used for autologous flaps, such as the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. Outcomes have shown improved sensation and faster sensory recovery in the flap skin in immediate neurotized DIEP flap breast reconstructions compared to delayed reconstruction. Breast flap neurotization during reconstruction is a rapid and simple procedure with minimal morbidity. An improved understanding of breast anatomy and innovative modifications to breast reconstruction have made the restoration of breast sensation achievable, and promising results have been obtained with respect to sensory return and patient satisfaction.
ATAC-seq identifies thousands of extrachromosomal circular DNA in cancer and cell lines

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are somatically mosaic and contribute to intercellular heterogeneity in normal and tumor cells. Because short eccDNAs are poorly chromatinized, we hypothesized that they are sequenced by tagmentation in ATAC-seq experiments without any enrichment of circular DNA. Indeed, ATAC-seq identified thousands of eccDNAs in cell lines that were validated by inverse PCR and by metaphase FISH. ATAC-seq in gliomas and glioblastomas identify hundreds of eccDNAs, including one containing the well-known EGFR gene amplicon from chr7. More than 18,000 eccDNAs, many carrying known cancer driver genes, are identified in a pan-cancer analysis of ATAC-seq libraries from 23 tumor types. Somatically mosaic eccDNAs are identified by ATAC-seq even before amplification is recognized by genome-wide copy number variation measurements. Thus, ATAC-seq is a sensitive method to detect eccDNA present in a tumor at the pre-amplification stage and can be used to predict resistance to therapy.
Lazy event prediction using defining trees and schedule bypass for out-of-order PDES

Out-of-order parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) has been shown to be very effective in speeding up system design by utilizing parallel processors on multi- and many-core hosts. As the number of threads in the design model grows larger, however, the original scheduling approach does not scale. In this work, we analyze the out-of-order scheduler and identify a bottleneck with quadratic complexity in event prediction. We propose a more efficient lazy strategy based on defining trees and a schedule bypass with O(m log 2 m) complexity which shows sustained and improved performance gains in simulation of SystemC models with many processes. For models containing over 1000 processes, experimental results show simulation run time speedups of up to 90x using lazy event prediction against the original out-of-order PDES approach.
Rock the MIC: The Matrix of Implied Causation, a Tool for Experimental Design and Model Checking:

Path modeling and the extended structural equation modeling framework are in increasingly common use for statistical analysis in modern behavioral science. Path modeling, including structural equat...
Peer-interaction patterns in a Chinese as a foreign language pair writing task: A conversation analytical perspective

Abstract Research on peer interaction patterns over the past three decades has provided insights regarding how relationships formed among peers can influence task performance. Six pairs of intermediate Chinese learners participating in a collaborative writing task were recruited, and their pair-interaction patterns were investigated for detailed evidence of how such patterns were constructed through their co-participation measured by two indices proposed by Storch (2002a), equality and mutuality. Furthermore, taking a Conversation Analytical (CA) perspective, this study also examined the fine-grained detail of several interactional practices displaying participants’ orientation to the peer relationship. This revealed that each pair displayed a distinctive interaction pattern that was constructed through diverse participatory practices which are contingent upon the ongoing interaction as it unfolds. The findings shed new light into analyzing pair interactions in collaborative writing from a CA perspective in CFL settings and have important implications for studying interaction patterns and implementing collaborative writing tasks.
High resolution chest CT(HRCT) evaluation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection

Introduction: Currently the main diagnostic modality for COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-2019) is reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) via nasopharyngeal swab which has high false negative rates (diagnostic yield∼70%). We evaluated the performance of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging in the diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 infection compared to RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab alone in patients hospitalized for suspected COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 324 consecutive patients admitted to Temple University Hospital. All hospitalized patients who had RT-PCR testing and HRCT were included in the study. HRCTs were classified as Category 1, 2 or 3. Category 1 scans were high probability scans (i.e: ground glass opacities (GGOs), crazy-paving, reverse halo/peri lobular pattern irrespective of location and laterality). Category 3 were low probability scans consistent with an alternate diagnosis. Category 2 scans were indeterminate. Patients were then divided into four groups based on HRCT category and RT-PCR swab results for analysis (Group 1: COVID (+) PCR and Category 1 CT scan, Group 2: COVID (+) PCR and Category 2 and 3 CT scan, Group 3: COVID (-) PCR and Category 1 CT scan, Group 4: COVID (-) PCR and Category 2 and 3 CT scan). Inflammatory markers and treatments were compared across these groups. Results: The average age of patients was 59.4(+15.2) years and 123(38.9%) were female. Predominant ethnicity was African American 148 (46.11%). 161 patients tested positive by RT-PCR, while 41 tested positives by HRCT. 167 (52.02%) had category 1 scan, 63 (19.63%) had category 2 scan and 91 (28.35%) had category 3 HRCT scans. There was substantial agreement between our radiologists for HRCT classification (κ = 0.64). Sensitivity and specificity of HRCT classification system was 77.6 and 73.7 respectively. 38.9 % (n=125) patients were classified as Group 1);11.2% (n=36) as Group 2, 12.8% (n=41) as Group 3 and 34.8 % (n=115) as Group 4. In group 3, 38 (92.7 %) patients received respiratory viral panels (RVP) which were all negative;21(51.2%) had sputum cultures, only 1 was positive for staph aureus. When comparing Group 1 to Group 3, there were no statistically significant differences in inflammatory markers. There were no statistically significant differences amongst Groups 1 and 3 with respect to treatments Conclusion: Due to its high infectivity and asymptomatic transmission, until a highly sensitive and specific COVID-19 test is developed, HRCT is a valuable assessment tool for patients who are hospitalized with suspected COVID-19.
Social media conversations reveal large psychological shifts caused by COVID-19's onset across U.S. cities.

The current research chronicles the unfolding of the early psychological impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by analyzing Reddit language from 18 U.S. cities (200,000+ people) and large-...
Who Gets the Past? The Changing Face of Islamic Authority and Religious Knowledge

Struggles for control of the mantle of religious and often political authority in Muslim-majority societies are frequently phrased in opaque interpretations of the past and of what constitutes valued knowledge, blurring lines between tradition and modernity and concealing the vigor of the underlying debates. Yet tradition, like modernity, requires continued reform, reinterpretation, and reinvention. Efforts to sustain the past and adapt it to the present create new, often unexpected, and increasingly public forms of thought and practice in which religious authority becomes ever more fragmented. The relatively recent shift to mass education, especially mass higher education, and new communications technologies have reshaped these struggles in South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East, the Balkans, Turkey, and North Africa. There is no singular public Islam, but rather a multiplicity of identities and practices based on competing readings of the past that encourage increasingly open debates over the public or common good and the blurring of formerly sharp distinctions between the religious and the secular.
Other Potential Indignities

People in private practice may value freedom to do as they see fit under the rubric of basic professional guidelines as the most fundamental component of a happy life. It is worth the risk and the cost when one has the power to choose, act, and react with independence and not to spend one's valuable energies trying to push large rocks up insurmountable hills. When one works for himself, there is no professional or sick leave paid for by someone else. Further, there are no paid national holidays. When going on vacation, one needs to make arrangements for someone else to cover practice or to close it down while one is not available. If taking call or being on call is an issue, one needs to arrange with colleagues to rotate this responsibility. Reimbursement for conference costs comes fully from one's own pocket. There is no guaranteed salary and no built-in benefits such as health insurance, dental insurance, matching funds for retirement, and other forms of reimbursement. Such benefits typically constitute a value equal to an additional 20–-25% of one's base salary when one is employed by an institution or company.
Design and fabrication of diamond field emitter structures

Two different diamond field emitter structures were designed, fabricated and characterized. Boron-doped p-type crystalline diamond film grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) is used as an emitter material in both cases. A five mask fabrication process is employed using diamond film technology compatible with Si integrated circuit (IC) processing. Photoresist is used as a sacrificial layer to produce a vacuum gap between anode and cathode. Current versus voltage (I-V) data, measured at 10/sup -6/ Torr, shows Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) field emission behavior. The current density measured at 0.2 MV/cm is approximately 0.1/spl sim/0.5 A/cm/sup 2/.
RECONCILING GROUP SELECTION AND METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM

Methodological individualism underpins economic analysis. In his paper in this volume, however, Douglas Glen Whitman demonstrates that group selection can be reconciled with methodological individualism. This essay extends Whitman’s analysis in two ways. First, it summarizes and restates the necessary conditions for group selection to play a role in the evolution of human preferences and societies. Second, it discusses the role of group selection in Hayek’s thought, with a particular focus on the role of group selection in the evolution of legal rules and the rule of law. The viability of group selection is demonstrated to be an empirical question.
Experimental astromineralogy: Circumstellar ferromagnesiosilica dust in analogs and natural samples

Hutton's principle of Actualism guides all Earth Sciences research and includesexperimental verification of natural processes whereby collected samples are the ground truth to validate experiments. Chondritic aggregate IDPs serve to validate the uniqueness of astromineralogy experiments of kinetically controlled condensation, post-condensation aggregation and thermal alteration of ferromagnesiosilica circumstellar dust. Laboratory experiments constrain the crystallographic and chemical properties of metastable eutectic ferrosilica and magnesiosilica dusts and make very specific predictions about the compositions of ferromagnesiosilica condensates.
Address register assignment for reducing code size

In DSP processors, minimizing the amount of address calculations is critical for reducing code size and improving performance since studies of programs have shown that instructions that manipulate address registers constitute a significant portion of the overall instruction count (up to 55&percnt). This work presents a compiler-based optimization strategy to reduce the code size in embedded systems. Our strategy maximizes the use of indirect addressing modes with post-increment and post-decrement capabilities available in DSP processors. These modes can be exploited by ensuring that successive references to variables access consecutive memory locations. To achieve this spatial locality, our approach uses both access pattern modification (program code restructuring) and memory storage reordering (data layout restructuring).
Engineering mathematics handbook: definitions, theorems, formulas, tables (3rd ed.)

Designed for quick reference, the book presents simple, easy-to-grasp mathematics fundamentals -- progressing in logical stages from algebra and geometry through such advanced topics as Laplace transforms and numerical methods. The fourth edition features new material on logarithms, cubic and quartic equations, Molleweide equations, standard curves and their analytical equations, maxima and minima equations, and much more. This edition also contains, for the first time, a valuable glossary of mathematical terms.
Electron impact excitation of the 3S, 3P, and 3D states of H

The relative excitation function for electron-impact excitation of H to yield Balmer $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ has been measured from threshold to 500-eV collision energy in a crossed-beam apparatus. The relative contributions of the $3S$,$3P$, and $3D$ states to this excitation function have been measured by modulating the electron beam and discriminating on the basis of their different lifetimes for radiative decay after excitation. The resulting set of relative $3S$,$3P$, and $3D$ cross sections has been normalized by equating the total measured Balmer-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ cross section at 500 eV to the Born approximation. The normalized cross sections are then compared to available theories at lower energies. In contrast to virtually all known excitation cross sections of neutral atoms, which fall below the Born theory at low energies, the H ($1S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3D$) cross section exceeds the Born theory, apparently owing to coupling between the $3D$ and $2P$ states.
Postmortem findings in cancer of the cervix

A B o u T four fifths of patients who die of cancer of the cervix today will show cancer beyond the pelvis at the time of postmortem examination. This is higher than the 40 to 60 per cent incidence reported by Henricksen,’ Brunschwig and Pierce,2 and Morris and Meigs3 a decade ago. These latter reports, however, included patients treated as far back as 40 years when radiotherapy was still in its infancy and radical surgery not as widely used. These, plus other factors such as changing stage distribution and early diagnosis, blood transfusion, antibiotics, and better anesthesia, account for the difference. The net effect of all these factors is reflected in the improved 5 year cure rate over the years. At the present time, about half of the patients with cancer of the cervix will live 5 years free of disease if treated with adequate radiotherapy or operation. With all these factors influencing the clinical course of the tumor, we would also expect some changes in the pathological behavior of incurable cancer. Postmortem data on more recently treated cases are not generally available, so we felt that such a study would be appropriate at this time.
The effect of interfirm dependence structures on governance mechanisms

Abstract Despite recent developments regarding the study of interdependence structures, previous research has rarely investigated the simultaneous effect of both interdependence magnitude and interdependence asymmetry on governance mechanisms among exchange parties. A survey of manufacturing companies has been used to test a theory about the interactive effect of buyer dependence and supplier dependence on inter-firm governance. The analysis of the survey supported the proposition that both buyers and suppliers that are highly dependent on each other (high interdependence magnitude and low interdependence asymmetry) may choose to rely on monitoring and the norm of information sharing. However, when a buyer's dependence is low regardless of the supplier's dependence level, the buyer does not rely on the norm of information sharing (buyer's relative interdependence advantage, buyer's relative interdependence disadvantage, and low interdependence magnitude). On the other hand, when the supplier's dependence on the buyer is low, the buyer relies on monitoring regardless of its dependence level (buyer's relative interdependence disadvantage and low interdependence magnitude). However, this study did not empirically measure performance. Further research should be done on the effect of congruence between the governance mechanism and its antecedents on buying performance.
How do insertions affect green fluorescent protein

A computer-based modeling and bench-top experiments are combined to understand the fluorescence of GFP. Random octapeptides are inserted into individual loops of the GFP. Amino acid sequences and fluorescence levels of clones from each loop are determined. The effect of peptide insertions into the loop regions of GFP are studied computationally using quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations. Our experimental and computational results show that the random peptide insertions into the loop regions change the absorption intensity of the GFP but not the absorption wavelength.
Septal perforator compression (Narrowing) in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

Thirteen patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis were compared with two groups of subjects: 10 patients with chest pain, normal coronary arteries and a normal left ventricle, and 10 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Five of the latter had aortic stenosis and five had idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy. Coronary arteriography revealed that the septal branches of the left anterior descending artery closed or narrowed during systole in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and did not do so in the other patient groups. This narrowing is possibly related to an abnormal position of the septal arteries within the septum in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Systolic compression of the septal perforator arteries is not a pathognomonic sign of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
Alcohol Screening in Young Persons Attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic: Comparison of AUDIT, CRAFFT, and CAGE Instruments

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of 3 brief alcohol screens (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], CRAFFT, and CAGE) to identify adolescents and young adults with a current alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to determine whether there are gender-based or race-based differences in screening performance.
The transportation and open treatment of severe fractures

I N the first WorId War, we learned much about the transportation of patients with severe fractures. During the first two years, a11 kinds of splints were used: metalhc, wood, and pIaster of paris. Many times severe infections, hidden abscesses under pIaster dressings, atrophied muscIes, and gas gangrene deveIoped which necessitated amputation. The proper first aid and transportation of a patient with a fracture has a marked inffuence on the end resuIt. Love’s statistics of the WorId War show that more than 30 per cent of a11 war casuaIties admitted to the evacuation hospitals were compound fractures. The British, during the first two years of the war, had a mortality of 30 per cent in compound fractures of the femur. They used principaIIy the Liston wood sprint. After discarding this type of spIint and adopting the Thomas traction spIint, their mortality rate dropped to 14 per cent. The AIIied MedicaI Staff adopted the Thomas, Murray-Jones, and KeIIar-BIake spIints. They were put into service and proved very practica1 and eflicient. They were made of iron and were Iight, unbreakabIe, and hundreds of them couId be pIaced on a truck and be dehvered to our FieId hospitaIs. Their appIication to an extremity was very simpIe. It is said that every soIdier in the British Army was taught how to appIy a Thomas splint before he was sent into the iiring Iine. Our Army and Navy are using these same spIints in the present war.