cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of waves in ice‐jam flooding of the Peace‐Athabasca Delta

Since the late 1960s, a paucity of ice-jam flooding in the lower Peace River has resulted in prolonged dry periods and considerable reduction in the area covered by lakes and ponds that provide habitat for aquatic life in the Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD) region. To identify the causes of this trend, and to develop mitigation or adaptation strategies under present and future climatic conditions, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that lead to breakup of the ice cover and jamming within the delta reach of Peace River. Because the lower Peace is extremely flat, the long-period waves caused by spring snowmelt are not generally capable of dislodging the winter ice cover, even under conditions of very high flow. The ice cover decays in place and rubble generation, an essential condition for ice jamming, does not occur. However, major jams do, on occasion, form in the middle section of the river and make their way to the delta via repeated releases and stalls. Each release generates a steep wave which can greatly amplify the hydrodynamic forces that are applied on the ice cover and bring about its dislodgment. This is quantified for the lower Peace River by applying recently developed methodology to local hydrometric data. Detailed in situ observations in the spring of 2003, and additional data from 1997 and 2002, fully corroborate this conclusion. Implications to other flat rivers of northern Canada are discussed.
Pupillary and reaction time measures of sustained processing of negative information in depression.

Abstract Background: Disruptions of emotional information processing (i.e., attention to, memory for, and interpretation of emotional information) have been implicated in the onset and maintenance of depression. The research presented here investigated cognitive and psychophysiological features of a particularly promising correlate of depression: sustained processing of negative information 4–5 sec after an emotional stimulus. Methods: Pupil dilation data and reaction times were collected from 24 unmedicated depressed and 25 nondepressed adults in response to emotional processing tasks (lexical decision and valence identification) that employed idiosyncratically generated personally relevant and normed stimuli. Pupil dilation was used to index sustained cognitive processing devoted to stimuli. Results: Consistent with predictions, depressed individuals were especially slow to name the emotionality of positive information, and displayed greater sustained processing (pupil dilation) than nondepressed individuals when their attention was directed toward emotional aspects of information. Contrary to predictions, depressed participants did not dilate more to negative than positive stimuli, compared to nondepressed participants. Conclusions: These data suggest depressed individuals may not initially attend to emotional aspects of information but may continue to process them seconds after they have reacted to the information.
Fatty acid composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil as influenced by seed position

The variation in fatty acid composition of the oil from seeds located in different positions within an individual sunflower head was determined. Each head was divided into three ring-shaped zones and four samples were taken from each zone. Ten heads from an inbred line and ten from an open-pollinated variety were sampled. Position of the seed within the head had a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the oil. The linoleic and palmitic acid contents of the oil increased and the oleic acid content decreased from the perimeter toward the center of the head.
Formation of an ethylene-bridged bis(benzisothiazole) dication by oxidative decomplexation of Ni(tsalen) with FeCl3

Abstract Treatment of Ni(tsalen), where H2tsalen = bis(thiosalicylidene)imine with FeCl3 results in the isolation of a crystalline compound with the composition [BBITE2+][Ni(tsalen)]4[FeCl4−]2 (I), where BBITE=1,2-bis(1,2-benzisothiazol-2-yl)ethane. The production of the BBITE2+ cation represents a 4-electron oxidation of the tsalen2− ligand, even though FeCl3 is not a strong enough oxidant to promote any outer-sphere oxidation of the Ni(tsalen) complex. The crystal structure of I shows a series of channels which are maintained by non-covalent interactions between the [Ni(tsalen)] and BBITE2+ molecules.
The electrocardiogram in right ventricular myocardial infarction

Right ventricular (RV) myocardial infarction most often occurs in the setting of inferior wall myocardial infarction. Right ventricular infarction complicates approximately 25% (range, 20%-60%) of inferior acute myocardial infarction; it is uncommon to quite rare in anterior and lateral wall acute myocardial infarction. With infarction of the RV, the RV will fail. As such, left ventricular filling pressures are entirely dependent upon the patient's preload; with significant reductions in the preload, hypotension likely results (this hypotension may be worsened by nitroglycerin and morphine). The clinical presentation, in the setting of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) of the inferior wall, involves hypotension, jugular venous distension, and the following electrocardiographic findings: ST-segment elevation of greatest magnitude in lead III (compared with leads II and aVF), ST-segment elevation in lead V1, and/or ST-segment elevation in right chest leads (RV1 through RV6). Therapy, in addition to appropriate management for STEMI, relies largely on enhancing the preload with intravenous fluid and judicious use of vasodilator medications. Patients with inferior wall STEMI with RV infarction have a markedly worse prognosis (both acute cardiovascular complications and death) compared with patients with isolated inferior wall STEMI.
Calculated and measured performance of a 'near ideal' locally reacting duct liner in grazing incidence

The calculated acoustic response of a nearly ideal (locally reacting and linear) duct liner has been compared with its measured performance. The ceramic honeycomb liner structure was such that the local reaction assumption was well satisfied over the frequency range of interest (0.5-3.0 kHz). In addition, the high repeatability of the measured impedance values over a large SPL range verified the assumption of linearity. A finite element algorithm was used to compute the duct liner transmission properties in terms of the liner's normal incidence impedance and the duct termination impedance using a plane wave source. Very good agreement between theory and experiment was observed in general, but required accurate normal impedance values in the high attenuation frequency bands of the liner's response.
Dose-Response Modeling of High-Throughput Screening Data

The National Toxicology Program is developing a high-throughput screening (HTS) program to set testing priorities for compounds of interest, to identify mechanisms of action, and potentially to develop predictive models for human toxicity. This program will generate extensive data on the activity of large numbers of chemicals in a wide variety of biochemical- and cell-based assays. The first step in relating patterns of response among batteries of HTS assays to in vivo toxicity is to distinguish between positive and negative compounds in individual assays. Here, the authors report on a statistical approach developed to identify compounds positive or negative in an HTS cytotoxicity assay based on data collected from screening 1353 compounds for concentration-response effects in 9 human and 4 rodent cell types. In this approach, the authors develop methods to normalize the data (removing bias due to the location of the compound on the 1536-well plates used in the assay) and to analyze for concentration-response relationships. Various statistical tests for identifying significant concentration-response relationships and for addressing reproducibility are developed and presented.
Prediction and tracking of long-range-dependent sequences

Abstract Long-range-dependent (LRD) sequences have been found to be of importance in various fields such as telecommunications, signal processing and finance. Since the history of an LRD sequence has significant impact on the present values, it is expected that accurate prediction and tracking of these sequences are easier than of short-range-dependent sequences. The purpose of this paper is to verify whether distant observations in the past might increase the performance of a constrained tracker significantly when this information from the past is used in combination with recent observations.
Foods, and food and drug combinations, responsible for head and neck pain

The literature has been reviewed to uncover the existence of head and neck pain syndromes caused by foods and food and drug combinations. Knowledge of the etiology of such syndromes may help in their treatment. At least twenty-five syndromes have been described. These include those induced by coloring and flavoring agents, alcoholic products, chocolate, coffee and tea, foods containing tyramine, vitamins, minerals, pesticides, and several others. Where possible, the active ingredients and the minimal amounts responsible for the induction of pain have been identified.
Perceptions of Partisan Ideologies: The Effect of Coalition Participation

Recent scholarship in comparative political behavior has begun to address how voters in coalitional systems manage the complexity of those environments. We contribute to this emerging literature by asking how voters update their perceptions of the policy positions of political parties that participate in coalition cabinets. In contrast to previous work on the sources of voter perceptions of party ideology in parliamentary systems, which has asked how voters respond to changes in party manifestos (i.e., promises), we argue that in updating their perceptions, voters will give more weight to observable actions than to promises. Further, coalition participation is an easily observed party action that voters use as a heuristic to infer the direction of policy change in the absence of detailed information about parties’ legislative records. Specifically, we propose that all voters should perceive parties in coalition cabinets as more ideologically similar, but that this tendency will be muted for more politically interested voters (who have greater access to countervailing messages from parties). Using an individual-level data set constructed from 54 electoral surveys in 18 European countries, we find robust support for these propositions.
Open Research Questions on Information and Technology in Global and Domestic Politics: Beyond ``E-''

A ccelerating technological change is one of the defining characteristics of this era. And the intersection of informa tion, technology, and politics is a con stantly changing arena. Technological change can provide the subject for politi cal debate, such as in the controversy over electronic voting (see Tokaji 2005); affect the means by which politics is conducted, such as in the use of informa tion technologies to provide govemment services and collect regulatory feedback (see Fountain 2001; West 2005; and Mayer-Schonberger and Lazer 2007); or challenge our understanding of political theories and concepts, such as the mean ing of privacy and of the public sphere (see Etzioni 2000 and Sunstein 2007 on the meaning of privacy and the compart mentalization of "public" speech, Bimber 2003 on the effect of information tech nologies on democracy, and Benkler 2006 on the reinterpretation of the public sphere). Each of these perspectives is visible locally, regionally, nationally, and globally. How does such change affect political institutions and political society? Kranz berg's first law provides one answer: 1
Multithreaded languages for scientific and technical computing

An overview of language support for parallel technical computing is provided. The rationale for multithreaded languages, in which the programmer explicitly specifies what work is to be carried out by multiple processors and how their activities should be coordinated, is described. The discussion begins with an introduction to the general models for manipulating multiple threads and how they are incorporated into programming languages. The wide variety of features for creating multiple threads, scheduling their execution, synchronizing their activities, and sharing data among them are then examined. Examples in a simplified, FORTRAN-like notation are included. It is shown how the language features are distributed among commercial compiler implementations. Some less traditional approaches to multithreaded language support are presented to provide a glimpse at what might be expected in future languages and compilers. >
Scalable Runtime Bloat Detection Using Abstract Dynamic Slicing

Many large-scale Java applications suffer from runtime bloat. They execute large volumes of methods and create many temporary objects, all to execute relatively simple operations. There are large opportunities for performance optimizations in these applications, but most are being missed by existing optimization and tooling technology. While JIT optimizations struggle for a few percent improvement, performance experts analyze deployed applications and regularly find gains of 2× or more. Finding such big gains is difficult, for both humans and compilers, because of the diffuse nature of runtime bloat. Time is spread thinly across calling contexts, making it difficult to judge how to improve performance. Our experience shows that, in order to identify large performance bottlenecks in a program, it is more important to understand its dynamic dataflow than traditional performance metrics, such as running time. This article presents a general framework for designing and implementing scalable analysis algorithms to find causes of bloat in Java programs. At the heart of this framework is a generalized form of runtime dependence graph computed by abstract dynamic slicing, a semantics-aware technique that achieves high scalability by performing dynamic slicing over bounded abstract domains. The framework is instantiated to create two independent dynamic analyses, copy profiling and cost-benefit analysis, that help programmers identify performance bottlenecks by identifying, respectively, high-volume copy activities and data structures that have high construction cost but low benefit for the forward execution. We have successfully applied these analyses to large-scale and long-running Java applications. We show that both analyses are effective at detecting inefficient operations that can be optimized for better performance. We also demonstrate that the general framework is flexible enough to be instantiated for dynamic analyses in a variety of application domains.
Venus Express arrives

The best possible start for the mission occurred on 9 November at 03:33 GMT with the 1.2 tonne spacecraft’s launch and departure towards Venus. Venus orbit insertion on 11 April 2006 marked the start of Europe’s first mission with Venus as its target. Venus has the hottest planetary surface in the solar system, at 720 K; a runaway greenhouse effect; a thick atmosphere (92 times Earth’s atmospheric pressure); a slow rotation the wrong way round; no protective magnetic field; hurricane-force winds; and strange vortices near the poles. Yet it has enough similarities to the Earth, including time of formation and similar size, that it could be called our “evil twin”. Venus Express is a wonderful mission of discovery – not only to find out why Earth’s twin planet went bad and to study its strange atmosphere, but also to glimpse a possible future for the Earth. The extreme example of Venus will test models of our own atmosphere and humankind’s contribution to greenhouse gases here. It will also give a preview of what Earth may be like in two billion years time when the Sun has become brighter in its evolution along the main sequence of stars. At that time Earth will no longer be in the “Goldilocks” zone of habitable planets around the Sun; our planet may become more like Venus is now. The comparison between Earth, Venus and Mars, and understanding why Earth is so special, is scientifically exciting and important for our race.
Fluid structure interaction for patient specific risk assessment in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms

Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ranks as the 13th leading cause of death in the US. Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis was conducted with the aim of strengthening the current diagnostic measures of the disease, in particular, to (i) predict the location of wall rupture, (ii) estimate the state of pathology from the calculated ruptured potential index (RPI) and (iii) predict the disease progression by comparing healthy and pathological aortas (non-ruptured and ruptured AAAs). FSI simulations were carried out on three dimensional patient specific geometries reconstructed from CT data. The arterial wall in the reconstructed geometries was modeled as anisotropic material. Other critical characteristics of AAA such as intra-luminal thrombus (ILT) and embedded calcifications (Ca) were incorporated in the patient-specific models. Results obtained from the FSI simulations indicate an increase in wall shear stress with progression of the disease. ILT is found to reduce the wall stress while calcium deposition on walls increases the local wall stress. Using rupture potential index (RPI), the location of rupture is successfully predicted.
Data acquisition device with packet based communication protocol for engine monitoring

In the new trend of high performance motors with highly sophisticated engines and low emission control systems, the data transfer for normal service maintenance and repairs has increased to such a complex level that it requires dedicated computer systems. The proposed basic portable computer design involves normal signal measurements like voltage, resistance, temperature and revolutions per minute of the crankshaft, and the on-board computer data stream acquisition. The objective is a simple device, which is upgradeable and capable of managing the data acquisition (DAQ), of different signals generated by the system and the transfer of information from the actual point of activity to a remote location using the existing communication systems - like serial through a local phone line or DSL. The study presents a simple system design, which is based on an analog-digital signal-processing component, which acts as a DAQ, a microcontroller and a modem that is used as an interface between the remote system and the central data service.
The developmental mechanisms and the signal functions of early infant crying

The majority of the commentaries focused on excessive crying and colic and included two major themes: the consideration of proximate physiological mechanisms, and challenges to my interpretation of the signal functions of early infant crying amount. I initially concluded that none of the competing signaling hypotheses enjoyed strong support, but I nevertheless favored the signaling vigor hypothesis above the signaling need and manipulation hypotheses. Consideration of the neurobiological causation of the n-shaped crying curve and further evidence and argumentation concerning the potential signal functions, however, do not allow for the elevation of any one of these hypotheses above the others, and it remains the case that none are strongly supported. Taken together, however, the target article and commentary do provide a solid foundation for further research. In the target article, I also proposed a model of how infant cry acoustics can influence patterns of care and abuse. Commentary has enriched this model by including the consideration of developmental changes in cry acoustics across early infancy, and by further integrating the cry signal with other modalities of communication and with later development. I trust that the foregoing will show that the joint pursuit of the proximate mechanisms and the potential signal functions of early infant cry amount and cry acoustics should prove fruitful. Before embarking on my reevaluation, however, I begin this response by addressing the issue of consciousness in evolutionary accounts of signaling.
High temperature properties of equiatomic FeAl with ternary additions

The aluminide intermetallic compounds are considered potential structural materials for aerospace applications. The B2 binary aluminide FeAl has a melting point in excess of 1500 K, is of simple cubic structure, exits over a wide range of composition with solubility for third elements and is potentially self-protecting in extreme environments. The B2 FeAl compound has been alloyed with 1 to 5 at % ternary additions of Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Ni, Co, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, and Re. The alloys were prepared by blending a third elemental powder with prealloyed binary FeAl powder. Consolidation was by hot extrusion at 1250 K. Annealing studies on the extruded rods showed that the third element addition can be classified into three categories based upon the amount of homogenization and the extent of solid solutioning. Constant strain rate compression tests were performed to determine the flow stress as a function of temperature and composition. The mechanical strength behavior was dependent upon the third element homogenization classification.
Performance evaluation of 4D reconstruction methods for gated cardiac single photon emission computed tomography in obese patients

The purpose of this study is to evaluate 4D reconstruction methods for the processing of gated cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images from obese patients. Clinical gated SPECT projection data were reconstructed using the ordered-sub sets expectation- maximization (OS-EM) and the 4D reseated block- iterative maximum a posteriori (RBI-MAP) reconstruction algorithms. The data were used to derive a relative distribution of quantitative tetrofosmin uptake ratios for the various organs. Using anthropometric data, body sizes were determined for a standard obese male and female NURBS-based cardiac torso (NCAT) phantom. Tetrofosmin uptake ratios were modeled in the obese phantoms and projection data were generated. Poisson noise was simulated, and the noisy data were reconstructed with OS-EM and 4D RBI-MAP. The projected and reconstructed data from the obese phantoms make for a realistic model of tetrofosmin uptake distribution. Qualitatively, 4D processing methods substantially improve visualization of cardiac motion in these very noisy images. We conclude that the tetrofosmin patient models provide a realistic, controllable test vehicle on which to evaluate 4D processing methods for gated cardiac SPECT. 4D processing methods improve the quality of gated SPECT images in obese patients, providing a usable representation of cardiac motion in these difficult-to-image patients.
Accepting Help from Teachers-When the Teachers are Children

Two studies examined adults' willingness to accept help from children. In Study I adults were less willing to accept free art lessons from competent children than from competent adults. Help-acceptance from children was not increased by suggesting to subjects that by accepting the lessons they would help the children to become better teachers of art. Study 2 replicated the latter finding, and also examined certain personality correlates of helpaccepting, including self-esteem, need for approval, and sex-typing. Women were more likely to accept help than men, and subjects scoring high on the femininity scale of Spence's Personal Attributes Questionnaire accepted help more than subjects scoring low on that scale. Self-esteem and need for approval were useful moderator variables. Often, different relationships between help-accepting and other variables were obtained for subjects scoring high on self-esteem or need for approval than for subjects scoring low on those variables. Social implications of adults' r...
Directed 3-cycle anchored digraphs and their application in the uniform sampling of realizations from a fixed degree sequence

In this paper, we give structural and degree sequence characterizations for a new class of digraphs called directed 3-cycle anchored. A digraph in this class has the property that, for every realization of its degree sequence, there is a directed 3-cycle through each vertex of a labeled vertex set. We end by illustrating their use in the uniform sampling of simple directed graph realizations from a fixed degree sequence.
Consumers With Disabilities: A Qualitative Exploration of Clothing Selection and Use Among Female College Students

As the presence of disabled consumers has become more prevalent in social and occupational life, attention to the clothing needs of consumers with disabilities has increased. However, research abou...
Characterizing hyporheic transport processes — Interpretation of electrical geophysical data in coupled stream–hyporheic zone systems during solute tracer studies

Abstract Quantifying hyporheic solute dynamics has been limited by our ability to assess the magnitude and extent of stream interactions with multiple domains: mobile subsurface storage (MSS, e.g., freely flowing pore water) and immobile subsurface storage (ISS, e.g., poorly connected pore water). Stream-tracer experiments coupled with solute transport modeling are frequently used to characterize lumped MSS and ISS dynamics, but are limited by the ability to sample only “mobile” water and by window of detection issues. Here, we couple simulations of near-surface electrical resistivity (ER) methods with conservative solute transport to directly compare solute transport with ER interpretations, and to determine the ability of ER to predict spatial and temporal trends of solute distribution and transport in stream–hyporheic systems. Results show that temporal moments from both ER and solute transport data are well correlated for locations where advection is not the dominant solute transport process. Mean arrival time and variance are especially well-predicted by ER interpretation, providing the potential to estimate rate-limited mass transport (i.e. diffusive) parameters from these data in a distributed domain, substantially increasing our knowledge of the fate and transport of subsurface solutes.
Early Onset West Syndrome with Hypomyelination, Coloboma and SPTAN1 Mutation

Investigators from Ljubljana, Slovenia report an 8-month-old female infant with hypotonia, lack of visual attention, early onset epileptic encephalopathy, and severe developmental delay.
Multi-User SWIPT Cooperative Networks: Is the Max–Min Criterion Still Diversity-Optimal?

This paper considers a general energy harvesting cooperative network with $M$ source–destination (SD) pairs and one relay, where the relay schedules only $m$ user pairs for transmissions. For the special case of $m={\text 1}$ , the addressed scheduling problem is equivalent to relay selection for the scenario with one SD pair and $M$ relays. In conventional cooperative networks, the max–min selection criterion has been recognized as a diversity-optimal strategy for relay selection and user scheduling. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the use of the max–min criterion will result in loss of diversity gains in energy harvesting cooperative networks. Particularly, when only a single user is scheduled, analytical results are developed to demonstrate that the diversity gain achieved by the max–min criterion is only ${\frac{M+{\text 1}}{\text 2}}$ , much less than the maximal diversity gain $M$ . This finding is important since it illustrates that the use of energy harvesting brings fundamental changes to the design of cooperative networks. Motivated by the loss of the max–min criterion, several user scheduling approaches tailored to energy harvesting networks are developed and their performance is analyzed. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the developed analytical results and facilitate the performance comparison.
Cleanliness is next to godliness.

This paper discusses the role of litigation in reducing the spread of hospital-acquired infections. Given the prophylactic nature of litigation, it is suggested that legal action serve as part of a multifaceted approach to improving American medical care and that there be a balance between the burden of an environment occasioned by the specter of potential lawsuits with the benefit of improved care through pecuniary responsibility for failing to meet the standard of care. This paper concludes that while we should not over-employ litigation in the health care environment, we should also not abandon it. It is one treatment modality for the illnesses that compromise the American health care system. Robert Steinbuch is an associate professor of law at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock [Arkansas], William H. Bowen School of Law. Steinbuch received a bachelors in political science and a masters in political theory from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Thereafter, he earned his juris doctor at the Columbia University School of Law in New York City. Steinbuch has testified before the US Senate, Committee on the Judiciary and the US House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary on issues including public safety. Currently, Steinbuch serves on the board of trustees of the Society of Chest Pain Centers, an international accrediting health care organization. The society is a nonprofit international society that bridges cardiology, emergency medicine, and other professions focused upon improving care for patients with acute coronary syndromes and other acute heart conditions. The society promotes protocol-based medicine, often through a chest pain center model, to address the timely diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndromes and acute heart failure. It is focused on promoting the adoption of process improvement science by health care providers. Additionally, Steinbuch serves as a commissioner on the Arkansas Commission for the Newborn Umbilical Cord Blood Initiative. The 11-member commission will establish and oversee a statewide network that will contribute to a central bank of blood donated from umbilical cords otherwise discarded after childbirth. Once the network has been established, Arkansas will be connected to a national and international network of cord blood banks that supply potentially life-saving cells for transplants to children and adults with cancer all over the world. The University of Arkansas School of Medical Sciences, which has one of the largest adult blood cell transplant centers in the country, will serve as the statewide network”s main storage site. Steinbuch currently teaches business associations, law and economics, legal profession and evidence. He has published numerous papers on topics such as health law, commercial law, criminal procedure, and election law, in both medical and legal journals. He often focuses his research on the intersection of law and process improvement in health care and other public services.
Irestatin, a potent inhibitor of IRE1α and the unfolded protein response, is a hypoxia-selective cytotoxin and impairs tumor growth

3514 Background: The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response to the toxic accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is activated in solid tumors. IRE...
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare induces interleukin-6 from human monocytes and large granular lymphocytes

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, whose immune systems are severely compromised. However, normal responses to this bacterium are apparently sufficient to prevent disseminated infection because disease is rarely found unless an immunocompromised state is present. Because interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine with a multitude of activities, we investigated the potential of MAI to induce IL-6 from normal human leukocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were fractionated into monocytes (Mo), large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and T cells and stimulated with bacteria. Culture supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-6 activity by bioassay. Mo and LGL, but not T cells, were found to release IL-6 within 12 hours of stimulation, with optimal production occurring by 2 days of culture. Production of IL-6 from human leukocyte subsets was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and by neutralization of biologic function of the culture supernatants with specific antisera. Taken together, these results indicate that production of IL-6 is a key response of Mo and LGL to MAI. The role of IL-6 in MAI infection, therefore, needs to be further investigated.
Towards cyber-physical intrusion tolerance

While cyber-physical systems are widely deployed and known to be difficult to analyze due to their increasing complexity, the number of sophisticated attacks against them have been constantly growing. This necessitates semi-automated intrusion response and recovery capabilities for timely termination of ongoing attacks and effective recovery of the infrastructural normal and safe operations. In this paper, we present CPR, a cyber-physical response system to protect power grid critical infrastructures, and discuss major challenges in theoretical formulation and practical deployment of fully-automated tolerance capabilities in settings where continuous physical dynamics continuously interact with cyber-side discrete computation logic. Our evaluation results show that CPR leverages its hybrid cyber-physical formulation, and efficiently selects optimal joint response strategies in both physical and cyber networks.
CORDIC: Elementary Function Computation Using Recursive Sequences

recursive sequence could produce all, yes all, of the elementary functions. The CORDIC method (COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer) was developed by Jack Volder [6] in the late 1950s to compute trigonometric function values. It was later recognized that with minor modifications all standard elementary functions could be computed using the same algorithm. Hewlett-Packard, while developing the hand-held
The Phospholipids of Various Subcellular Fractions from the Larvae of the Blow Fly, Phormia regina1

The phospholipids of Phormia regina (Meigen) are unusual in the high proportion of ethanolamine-containing lipids, while those containing choline contribute to a relatively small extent (Bieber et al. 1961). The phospholipids of a related insect, Musca domestica L., are essentially the same as those of P. regina (Crone and Bridges 1963). In view of the involvement of phospholipids in mitochondrial and other membranes (Green 1963), it seemed pertinent to determine whether the phospholipids containing ethanolamine were associated with a particular subcellular fraction.
Sex Differences in Brain of Migraineurs

Researchers at Children’s Hospital Boston and other Harvard Medical School centers studied alterations in brain structure in male and female age-matched interictal (migraine free) migraineurs and controls, using high-field MRI.
Inhibition of estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis by blueberry and black raspberry.

We previously demonstrated the protective effects of blueberry (BB) and black raspberry (BRB) supplemented at 2.5% dose in an ACI rat mammary tumor model. Here, we assessed a dose-related alteration in tumor indices with diet supplemented with 5% BB or BRB powder. The diet was well tolerated. Tumor palpation from 12 weeks revealed first tumor appearance by 84 days in the control group, that was delayed by 24 and 39 days with the BB and BRB diets, respectively (p = 0.04). Ellagic acid detected in the plasma of rats fed the BRB diet was in the range of 96.6–294.2 ng/mL. While the BB diet showed better efficacy in reducing mammary tissue proliferation and tumor burden, tumor latency was delayed efficiently by BRB. Furthermore, BB was effective in downregulating CYP1A1 expression, while BRB downregulated ERα expression effectively. Distinct anticarcinogenic effects of the two berries correspond to their distinct phytochemical signatures.
Aging, immunity, and critical care nursing.

This article introduces the age-related changes of the immune system, underlying risk factors that accompany aging, and alterations in the presentation of illness. A case study is also presented.
Changes in brain metabolites induced by convulsants or electroshock: effects of anticonvulsant agents.

In general, cyclic 39,59-GMP concentrations in the cerebellum are elevated by convulsants and diminished by anticonvulsant agents, whereas the levels of cyclic 39,59-AMP remain unchanged by either treatment. Furthermore, the effect of convulsants on cerebellar cyclic GMP is antagonized by anticonvulsants, and the anticonvulsant activity persists concurrently with the biochemical changes. Maximal electroshock (MES) causes an elevation of cerebellar cyclic AMP during the excitable phase. It is suggested that the elevation of cyclic AMP is inhibitory to the Punkinje cell output and thus favors the seizure state. Phenytoin suppresses the increase in cerebellar cyclic AMP, which would reduce seizure activity. Phenytoin also prevents other metabolic changes induced by MES in the cerebellum, but not the cerebral cortex, indicating that these effects are not simply prevention of anoxia. It is proposed that phenytoin has a locus of action that attenuates the electroshock signal to the cerebellum or suppresses the response by a direct effect on the metabolic machinery.
Electronically Mediated Time-out Initiative to Reduce the Incidence of Wrong Surgery: An Interventional Observational Study.

Background:“Wrong surgery” is defined as wrong site, wrong operation, or wrong patient, with estimated incidence up to 1 per 5,000 cases. Responding to national attention on wrong surgery, our objective was to create a care redesign intervention to minimize the rate of wrong surgery.Methods:The auth
The Sense of Control and Cognitive Aging: Toward a Model of Mediational Processes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the sense of control and cognitive aging. The chapter reviews the past research investigating the impact of control beliefs on cognitive performance as well as new findings that expand the understanding of control beliefs in relation to other predictors of performance. The chapter examines that cognitive performance has an impact on control beliefs. There is a significant relationship between control beliefs and cognitive performance. Evidence shows that the control beliefs predict changes in cognitive functioning. The nature of the relationship between beliefs and performance is somewhat complicated by whether background factors, which appear to have an impact on the magnitude of this association, are taken into consideration. Thus, future research is needed to investigate which domains of cognitive functioning are most closely linked to both background factors and control beliefs. This chapter presents the model which describes the complexity of the relationship and guides questions for future research. Finally the research of this nature can be used to identify which factors are more or less modifiable and thus can lend to interventions designed to improve the quality of life among older adults.
Cloning and Characterization of a Gene Encoding an Iron-Regulated Membrane Protein in Anacystis Nidulans R2

Anacvstis nidulans R2 cells grown under iron deficient conditions show dramatic decreases in the quantities of membranes, chlorophyll, phycobilisomes and carboxysomes (1,2). The synthesis of many chlorophyll protein complexes is significantly affected; this occurs along with the synthesis of some new polypeptides (3,4). The photosystem II enriched chlorophyll protein of A. nidulans R2, CP VI, undergoes major changes during iron deficiency (5). One of the chlorophyll protein bands, CP VI-4, is particularly abundant in iron deficient cells (5). We have produced antibodies against CP VI-4 (Riethman and Sherman, this Congress), and these antibodies have been employed to identify iron-regulated membrane protein genes in A. nidulans R2. Utilizing the expression vector λgtll, one can easily identify genes using antibodies as probes (6). Fusion proteins synthesized in the λgtll recombinant phages can be easily screened. In this report, we describe the construction of a genomic library of A. nidulans R2 in λgtll, and also the identification and characterization of a gene encoding an iron-regulated membrane protein in A. nidulans R2.
Health Problems of Significance for Course and Curriculum Construction

(1950). Health Problems of Significance for Course and Curriculum Construction. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 3-10.
Digestive Ripening, Nanophase Segregation and Superlattice Formation in Gold Nanocrystal Colloids

A novel digestive ripening process is shown to narrow the particle size distribution from a highly polydisperse dodecanethiol ligated gold colloid. Unlike the Ostwald ripening process, the digestion occurs through transferring materials from large particles to small particles. Temperature-induced size segregation can further select the particle sizes. By using these two methods, highly ordered superlattices using nanocrystals as building blocks can be synthesized directly from a polydisperse colloid.
Maternal smoke exposure decreases mesenchymal proliferation and modulates Rho-GTPase-dependent actin cytoskeletal signaling in fetal lungs

The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal smoke exposure results in fetal lung growth retardation due to dysregulation in various signaling pathways, including the Wnt (wingless-related integration site)/β-catenin pathway. Pregnant female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (100-150 mg/m3) or room air, and offspring were humanely killed on 12.5, 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5 d post coitum (dpc). We assessed lung stereology with Cavalieri estimation; apoptosis with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, TUNEL, and caspase assays; and gene expression with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA sequencing on lung epithelium and mesenchyme retrieved by laser capture microdissection. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in body weight and lung volume of smoke-exposed embryos. At 16.5 dpc, the reduction in lung volume was due to loss of lung mesenchymal tissue correlating with a decrease in cell proliferation (n = 10; air: 61.65% vs. smoke: 44.21%, P < 0.05). RNA sequence analysis demonstrated an alteration in the Wnt pathway, and qPCR confirmed an increased expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) [n = 12; relative quantification (RQ) 1 vs. 2.33, P < 0.05] and down-regulation of Cyclin D1 (n = 7; RQ 1 vs. 0.61, P < 0.05) in mesenchymal tissue. Furthermore, genome expression studies revealed a smoke-induced up-regulation of Rho-GTPase-dependent actin cytoskeletal signaling that can lead to loss of tissue integrity.-Unachukwu, U., Trischler, J., Goldklang, M., Xiao, R., D'Armiento, J. Maternal smoke exposure decreases mesenchymal proliferation and modulates Rho-GTPase-dependent actin cytoskeletal signaling in fetal lungs.
Developing Dynamic Profiling and Debugging Support in OpenCL for FPGAs

With FPGAs emerging as a promising accelerator for general-purpose computing, there is a strong demand to make them accessible to software developers. Recent advances in OpenCL compilers for FPGAs pave the way for synthesizing FPGA hardware from OpenCL kernel code. To enable broader adoption of this paradigm, significant challenges remain. This paper presents our efforts in developing dynamic profiling and debugging support in OpenCL for FPGAs. We first propose primitive code patterns, including a timestamp and an event-ordering function, and then develop a framework, which can be plugged easily into OpenCL kernels, to dynamically collect and process run-time information.
Philological coda. Noise: an appreciation

Plainly, the effort to apply to historical language study the insights to be derived from synchronic linguistic analysis is fraught with difficulties. The problem is usually conceptualized – as it is by several of the contributors to the present collection of studies – as a difficult marriage of disciplined methods to obstreperous data, a mismatched union somehow to be mediated by the Uniformitarian Principle. To understand the issues properly, then, it would seem a prerequisite to be able to identify what, exactly, the Uniformitarian Principle is. Yet that question itself has no simple answer, in part because the question can be interpreted in at least two ways, both of them bearing directly upon the aims of this collection.
Immunization attitudes and practices among family medicine providers.

ABSTRACTObjective: To describe immunization attitudes and practices among family medicine providers across New York State. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, family medicine providers across New York State completed a questionnaire to assess vaccine beliefs and barriers and immunization practices. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistical methods were used to define provider characteristics, knowledge and vaccine practices. Results: Completed questionnaires from 226 family medicine providers were included for analysis. As a group, 207/218 (95%) of providers who answered the question state they always recommend standard pediatric vaccines. Of the 209 providers who answered both questions, 47 (22%) state they always recommend standard pediatric vaccines but do not always recommend HPV vaccine to eligible 11–12 year-old patients. Only 75% of providers strongly disagreed with the statement ‘vaccinating adolescents against HPV increases the likelihood of unprotected sex'. Even though 178/190 (9...
Storage: The Hoarding of Energy

Because resources in deserts are linked to the infrequent and erratic occurrence of rain and are unpredictable and ephemeral, animals that live there must be adapted to deal with episodes of food shortage and to exploit temporary abundances. One way is to reduce energy expenditure during lean times by becoming dormant (see Chap. 6). Another is to synchronize activities with heavy energy requirements, such as reproduction, with periods of peak availability of food (see Chap. 4). A third, discussed in the present chapter, is to use periods of food excess as buffers against times of scarcity, and in that way make energy more constantly available.
Cellular Games, Nash Equilibria, and Fibonacci Numbers

The paper introduces a notion of cellular game that is intended to represent rationally behaving cells of a cellular automaton. The focus is made on studying properties of functional dependence between strategies of different cells in a Nash equilibrium of such games. The main result is a sound and complete axiomatization of these properties. The construction in the proof of completeness is based on the Fibonacci numbers.
Phosphatidylinositol Synthase in Mammalian Pancreas

In this paper we outline two current studies on phosphatidylinositol synthase in mammalian pancreas. Progress on the solubilization, stabilization, and purification of phosphatidylinositol synthase from dog pancreas microsomal membranes is reviewed, and the modylation of phosphatidylinositol synthase activity by Li+ -induced changes in inositol levels in dispersed mouse pancreas acinar cells is discussed.