cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EDI Adoption and Implementation: A Focus on Interorganizational Linkages

This paper explores the role of interorganizational distributions of power in EDI adoption. It reports findings of a vendor survey of a Fortune 1000 company that wants to adopt EDI. As hypothesized, perceived costs are negatively and significantly related to EDI adoption. However, perceived benefits, trust in trading partners, and net dependency do not significantly affect the intent to adopt EDI. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Quantitative modeling of the reaction/diffusion kinetics of two-chemistry diffusive photopolymers

A general strategy for characterizing the reaction/diffusion kinetics of photopolymer media is proposed, in which key processes are decoupled and independently measured. This strategy enables prediction of a material’s potential refractive index change, solely on the basis of its chemical components. The degree to which a material does not reach this potential reveals the fraction of monomer that has participated in unwanted reactions, reducing spatial resolution and lifetime. This approach is demonstrated for a model material similar to commercial media, achieving quantitative predictions of refractive index response over three orders of exposure dose (~1 to ~103 mJ cm−2) and feature size (0.35 to 500 μm).
Quasi-hexagonal deformable mirror geometries

Two different quasi-hexagonal implementations are presented and a variety of mathematical geometries for each are investigated and compared to the WCE/Fried geometry via noise gain analysis.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Resolution of proteins from subfractions of nerve endings

Abstract An ultracentrifugation procedure is described for the isolation of ostomically sensitive nerve endings (synaptosomes) using an isotonic Ficoll-sucrose discontinuous gradient. These nerve endings wee lysed and their individual components isolated by isopycnic centrifugation in discontinuous sucrose gradients. With this procedures, highly purified fractions of nerve ending soluble material, synaptic vesicles, synaptic plasma membranes and nerve ending mitochondria were prepared. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins from these subractions revealed that the soluble component had 19 detectable bands, the synaptic vesicles had 22 bands, the synaptic plasma membrane had 20 bands, and the mitochondria had 22 bands. The protein gel profile of the nerve ending mitochondria resembled the profile of the mitochondria obtained from the cell bodies of neurones and glia. Comparison of the profiles of the soluble proteins of the cell bodies (neuronal plus glial) and the nerve endings revealed one qualitative and 3 quantitative differences between the two. The synaptic vesicles had a complex gel pattern which did not resemble the pattern of any of the other components in the nerve endings. It was possible to obtain an insoluble fraction containing, in addition to large quantities of electron dense amorphous material, structures resembling synaptic complexes by treating the synaptic plasme membranes with Triton X-100. This insoluble fraction had a protein gel pattern consisting of 13 bands; 5 of these bands were not found in the protein profile of the soluble material.
Identifying the vulnerable patient with rupture-prone plaque.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and the obesity epidemic combined with aging of the population seems destined to increase the burden of this disease. Traditional cardiovascular risk assessment accounts for 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) appears to be a specific marker of plaque inflammation that may play a direct role in the formation of rupture-prone plaque. In contrast, traditional risk factors, lipid measurement, and most vascular imaging modalities do not directly assess the acute ischemic potential in the arterial wall. Measuring Lp-PLA 2 levels in human serum or plasma is noninvasive and relatively inexpensive. Lp-PLA 2 may provide additional clinically relevant information that shows which patients have a high level of atherosclerotic disease activity as manifested by vascular inflammation, ED, and increased risk for progression toward rupture-prone plaque.
Circle Parameter Estimation From Partial Arcs

In machine vision or image processing applications, a common problem is to recognize objects that are only partially visible. A more tractable subset of this problem occurs when an object with known shape is only partially visible and we need to accurately compute its position and orientation. For example, a robot (equipped with vision capabilities) may be required to pick up objects that are randomly placed in its field of view. Knowing the position and orientation of such an object when it is fully or partially in the field of view may be important for it to perform this task.
The transcription factor c-Myc enhances KIR gene transcription through direct binding to an upstream distal promoter element

The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) repertoire of natural killer (NK) cells determines their ability to detect infected or transformed target cells. Although epigenetic mechanisms play a role in KIR gene expression, work in the mouse suggests that other regulatory elements may be involved at specific stages of NK-cell development. Here we report the effects of the transcription factor c-Myc on KIR expression. c-Myc directly binds to, and promotes transcription from, a distal element identified upstream of most KIR genes. Binding of endogenous c-Myc to the distal promoter element is significantly enhanced upon interleukin-15 (IL-15) stimulation in peripheral blood NK cells and correlates with an increase in KIR transcription. In addition, the overexpression of c-Myc during NK-cell development promotes transcription from the distal promoter element and contributes to the overall transcription of multiple KIR genes. Our data demonstrate the significance of the 5' promoter element upstream of the conventional KIR promoter region and support a model whereby IL-15 stimulates c-Myc binding at the distal KIR promoter during NK-cell development to promote KIR transcription. This finding provides a direct link between NK-cell activation signals and KIR expression required for acquisition of effector function during NK-cell education.
Tegumental expression of a novel type II receptor serine/threonine kinase (SmRK2) in Schistosoma mansoni.

Abstract The TGF-β family of receptor serine/threonine kinases (RSTKs) is responsible for a diverse array of functions in metazoans. Here, we describe the isolation of SmRK2, a type II RSTK expressed in schistosomula and adult stages of Schistosoma mansoni. Based on amino acid sequence homology, SmRK2 is most closely related to the Activin type II receptor subset of RSTKs. SmRK2 appears to be expressed as three different transcripts: one encoding a full-length receptor with 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) (SmRK2), a second encoding a longer form containing no 3′-UTR and no stop codon (SmRK2a), and a third truncated variant (SmRK2b), which contains sequence encoding the first 53 amino acids of the N-terminal extracellular domain followed by an inserted 10 residue hydrophobic domain. Using an anti-peptide antibody raised against a partial extracellular domain sequence common to all three isoforms, SmRK2 was localized predominantly to the tegumental surface of the parasites. We hypothesize that SmRK2 is the receptor partner for the previously reported type I RSTK SmRK1 (or SmTβR1) and that together these proteins constitute a receptor system for receiving signals from the mammalian host.
Cloud Optics as a Possible Stabilizing Factor in Climate Change

Abstract Calculations made with a one-dimensional radiative-convective climate model show that the optical properties of clouds in solar wavelengths can be a stabilizing factor in climate change. Cloud reflectivity and absorption have been calculated as functions of cloud liquid water content using the parameterization of Liou and Wittman (1979). With the assumption that cloud liquid water content increases (decreases) as temperature and absolute humidity increase (decrease) during a climate perturbation, cloud reflectivity increases (decreases), damping the original perturbation by a few tens of percent. This probably should be regarded as an upper limit on the amount of negative feedback which changes in solar wavelength cloud optical properties (for fixed cloud area) can provide in a global climate model.
Infrared Liquid Crystal Tunable Frequency Selective Surfaces

In this paper, micron-scale metallodielectric and all-dielectric frequency selective surfaces (FSS) are synthesized with a liquid crystal (LC) superstrate to exhibit broadband tunable filter characteristics at mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths. The low loss and birefringence properties of LC span the visible to far-IR spectrum, providing potential for the development of a new class of infrared/optical switches.
Wound care pain in hospitalized adult patients

Abstract Background Wound care (WC) is an important part of treatment for hospitalized patients with wounds. There is a paucity of data about the type or amount of pain patients experience during WC. Objectives The purpose of this study is to describe patients’ (n = 412) WC-related pain perceptions and responses, examine the relationships between patients’ WC pain and demographic variables, and describe the distress associated with WC. Methods A repeated-measures design was used to examine pain before, during, and after WC in hospitalized patients (n = 412) with wounds healing by secondary intention. Results Pain intensity was greatest during WC. It was most frequently described as tender, sharp, stinging, aching, and stabbing. Behaviors that occurred most often were no verbal response, no body movement, grimace, and complaints of pain. There were no differences in pain between genders. Nonwhites had significantly greater WC pain than whites. Pain during the procedure was the same in younger and older patients, and procedural distress was mild. Conclusion Patients experience pain and distress with WC. Some behaviors and words consistently describe WC pain. Further work is warranted to refine pain assessment and management in patients undergoing WC procedures.
Constant field stressing of via-to-line spacing for accurate projection of intrinsic TDDB lifetime

We proposed solutions for determining the accurate projection of the TDDB lifetime of via-to-line spacing; that is, using a single-via test structure and constant field stress. This method eliminates the lifetime variations due to the spacing variations more effectively than conventional methods, for example, area scaling. The projected lifetime under the given use conditions increased at least about two-orders of magnitude by using this method, showing that constant field stress can be used to effectively project intrinsic TDDB lifetimes.
Impact of parental history of substance use disorders on the clinical course of anxiety disorders

Among the psychological difficulties seen in children of parents with substance use problems, the anxiety disorders are among the most chronic conditions. Although children of alcoholic parents often struggle with the effects of parental substance use problems long into adulthood, empirical investigations of the influence of parental substance use disorders on the course of anxiety disorders in adult offspring are rare. The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the relationship between parental substance use disorders and the course of anxiety disorders in adulthood over the course of 12 years. Data on 618 subjects were derived from the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Research Project (HARP), a longitudinal naturalistic investigation of the clinical course of multiple anxiety disorders. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to calculate probabilities of time to anxiety disorder remission and relapse. Proportional hazards regressions were conducted to determine whether the likelihood of remission and relapse for specific anxiety disorders was lower for those who had a history of parental substance use disorders than for individuals without this parental history. Adults with a history of parental substance use disorders were significantly more likely to be divorced and to have a high school level of education. History of parental substance use disorder was a significant predictor of relapse of social phobia and panic disorders. These findings provide compelling evidence that adult children of parents with substance use disorders are more likely to have relapses of social phobia and panic disorders. Clinicians who treat adults with anxiety disorders should assess parental substance use disorders and dependence histories. Such information may facilitate treatment planning with regards to their patients' level of vulnerability to perceive scrutiny by others in social situations, and ability to maintain a long-term panic-free state.
Hypokalemic muscular paralysis causing acute respiratory failure due to rhabdomyolysis with renal tubular acidosis in a chronic glue sniffer.

Case Report: A 34-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with the development of quadriparesis and respiratory failure due to hypokalemia after prolonged glue sniffing. The patient was subsequently given mechanical ventilatory support for respiratory failure. He was weaned from the ventilator 4 days later after potassium replacement. Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon found in glues, cements, and solvents. It is known to be toxic to the nervous system, hematopoietic system, and causes acid-base and electrolyte disorders. Acute respiratory failure with hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure should be considered as potential events in a protracted glue sniffing.
The Transmission of Aflatoxin B1 into Eggs

Abstract Aflatoxin B1 was incorporated at levels of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 p.p.m. in a laying mash ration which was fed to laying hens. The eggs from hens at all three feeding levels contained measurable amounts of aflatoxin B1. Some eggs from hens given the ration containing 0.4 p.p.m. were stored at 3° C. for 9 months before analysis; no aflatoxin was found in these eggs.
Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations and clinical response in horses treated for equine Cushing's disease with cyproheptadine or pergolide

Plasma ACTH levels have been variable in horses with a positive clinical response for therapy for equine Cushing's Disease (ECD). Therefore, our purpose was to determine the value of monitoring plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels during treatment of equine Cushing's disease (ECD) with either cyproheptadine (n = 32) or pergolide (n = 10). First, we validated the chemiluminescent ACTH assay (specificity, precision, accuracy, intra-assay and interassay variations) and tested methods of handling the whole blood from the time of collection to when the ACTH was assayed. The sensitivity and specificity of high plasma ACTH levels for detecting ECD was determined in a retrospective study on hospitalised horses (n = 68). Surveys were sent to veterinarians who submitted equine ACTH levels that were high initially and had at least 2 ACTH samples to determine the value of monitoring ACTH levels during therapy of ECD. The ACTH chemiluminescent assay was valid. The ACTH was stable when whole blood was collected and held in plastic tubes for 8 h before separating the plasma. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma ACTH levels for detecting ECD were 84% (n = 19,95% CI 60,97) and 78% (n = 49,95% CI 63,88), respectively. Treated horses generally showed a decrease in plasma ACTH. Plasma ACTH levels may be helpful when monitoring therapy of ECD, although improvement in clinical signs should be considered most important. There were no differences between cyproheptadine and pergolide in terms of improvements in any of the clinical signs.
A minimal multibit digital noise shaping architecture

In this paper, we describe a new architecture applicable to multibit noise-shaping D/A conversion. Significant digital hardware savings are attained due to the inherent reduced bit width required for the data path in the noise shaper. In addition, the error cancellation is inherently accurate, since it is performed entirely in the digital domain. The architecture relies on the principle that only a few LSBs of an oversampled PCM digital signal need to be noise shaped in order to attain substantially the same performance as with an ordinary single stage or multistage architecture.
The effects of acute cigarette smoking on cognitive functioning in chronic schizophrenia

Introduction. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among patients with schizophrenia is high. Nicotine stimulates acetylcholine (ACh) transmission, and patients with schizophrenia may suffer from reduced ACh activity due to the combined effects of antipsychotic and antiparkinsonian drug treatment. The present study was designed to test whether cigarette smoking is, in part, an adaptive response among patients with schizophrenia to temporarily enhance cognitive functioning through an increase in ACh tone. Methods. Thirty-three inpatients with chronic schizophrenia treated with either clozapine (high in anticholinergicity) or risperidone (low anticholinergicity) were administered a cognitive test battery under two experimental conditions: Acute Smoking and Abstinence. Results. Results showed a modest and fairly specific enhancement effect for smoking. During Acute Smoking a subset of patients on clozapine required less time to complete a test of attentional vigilance. Also, a significant interaction appeared...
Large-signal modeling of GaN FET and nonlinearity analysis using Volterra series

A large-signal model is reported to investigate the nonlinearities of a GaN MESFET. The model developed accounts for the observed current collapse and frequency dispersion of output resistance and transconductance and uses Volterra series technique to determine the nonlinearities. Calculated f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ of a 0.8 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 150 /spl mu/m GaN MESFET are 6.5 GHz and 13 GHz, respectively, and are in close agreement with their measured values of 6 GHz and 14 GHz, respectively. For a 1.0 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 150 /spl mu/m FET operating at 1 GHz, 1-dB compression point and output referred third-order intercept point (OIP3) are 18 dBm and 25.3 dBm, respectively. The corresponding quantities are 19.6 dBm and 30.5 dBm for a 0.6 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 150 /spl mu/m FET at same frequency. Similar improvements in third-order intermodulation (IM3) for shorter gate length devices are reported.
Permeation of liquid water in a filled epoxy resin

Certain epoxy paints and filled resins were shown to be potentially useful protective coatings for concrete exposed to hot saline media. Since, however, very little information was available about water-polymer interactions at elevated temperatures, a study of permeation and of dielectric and mechanical relaxation was begun. In this part of the study, the permeation of liquid water through an epoxy film (filled with 0, 10, and 20 wt.-% spherical glass beads) was measured at temperatures up to 130°CC. As expected, the filler served to decrease permeation, though to a greater extent than predicted. Arrhenius plots of permeation revealed several other characteristics. In general a discontinuity was observed at Tg, with the apparent energies of activation, Ea, being lower below Tg (4–11 kcal/mole, compared to 19–26 kcal/mole). Both the sharpness of the transition and Ea were sensitive to the history of the specimen. At elevated temperatures, the most highly filled specimen showed an additional relative decrease of permeability in comparison with other specimens. An interpretation of the data is proposed, based on segmental mobility as affected by restrictions due to the presence of filler particles.
Superresolution reconstruction of hyperspectral images

Hyperspectral images are used for aerial and space imagery applications including target detection, tracking, agricultural and natural resource exploration. Unfortunately, atmospheric scattering, secondary illumination, changing viewing angles and sensor noise degrade the quality of these images. We introduce a novel superresolution reconstruction method for hyperspectral images. An integral part of our work is to model the hyperspectral image acquisition process. We propose a model that enables us to represent the hyperspectral observations from different wavelengths as weighted linear combinations of a small number of basis image planes. Then a method for applying superresolution to hyperspectral images using this model is presented. The method fuses information from multiple observations and spectral bands to improve spatial resolution and reconstruct the spectrum of the observed scene.
Advances in Management of Pediatric Ependymomas

Ependymomas are a heterogeneous group of neuroepithelial tumors of children and adults. In pediatric cases, the standard of care has long consisted of neurosurgical resection to the greatest extent acceptable followed by adjuvant involved field irradiation. Complete macroscopic surgical resection has remained the only consistent clinical variable known to improve survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy has yet to predictably affect outcome, possibly due to the molecular heterogeneity of histologically similar tumors. The administration of chemotherapy subsequently remains limited to clinical trials. However, recent comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic interrogations of ependymomas have uncovered unique molecular characteristics and subtypes that correlated with clinical features such as age, neuroanatomical location, and prognosis. These findings represent a potential paradigm shift and provide a biologic rationale for targeted therapeutic strategies and risk-adapted administration of conventional treatment modalities. In this review, we focus on intracranial WHO grade II and III ependymoma of children and discuss conventional management strategies, followed by recent biologic findings and novel therapeutics currently under investigation.
Influence of Substrate Temperature and Hydrogen Dilution Ratio on the Properties of Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Films Grown by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition

We have studied the influence of substrate temperature and hydrogen dilution ratio on the properties of silicon thin films deposited on single-crystal silicon and glass substrates. We varied the initial substrate temperature from 200° to 400°C and the dilution ratio from 10 to 100. We also studied the effectiveness of the use of a seed layer to increase the crystallinity of the films. The films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. We found that as the dilution ratio is increased, the films go from amorphous, to a mixture of amorphous and crystalline, to nanocrystalline. The effect of substrate temperature is to increase the amount of crystallinity in the film for a given dilution ratio. We found that the use of a seed layer has limited effects and is important only for low values of dilution ratio and substrate temperature, when the films have large amounts of the amorphous phase.
Primordial Retention of Nitrogen by Terrestrial Planets and Meteorites

Thermodynamic calculations of the amount of dissolved nitrogen in Fe-Ni alloy in a solar composition gas were done over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The stabilities of the nitride minerals found in meteorites, a large number of other nitrides, and ammonium aluminosilicates were also calculated in a solar gas. This thorough study indicates that equilibrium mechanisms cannot account for the nitrogen contents of the terrestrial planets and meteorites. The best available data indicate that the observed nitrogen contents of planets and meteorites are several orders of magnitude greater than the predicted nitrogen contents of condensed material in a solar gas. It is suggested that the nitrogen in meteorites was originally retained as organic compounds produced by disequilibrium mechanisms. Nitrogen retention by the terrestrial planets could be due to homogeneous accretion or to accretion of a volatile-rich veneer. However the actual mode of nitrogen accretion cannot yet be determined.
Recent advances in multi-body dynamics and nonlinear control

This paper presents some recent advances in the dynamics and control of constrained multi-body systems. The constraints considered need not satisfy D'Alembert's principle and therefore the results are of general applicability. They show that in the presence of constraints, the constraint force acting on the multi-body system can always be viewed as made up of the sum of two components whose explicit form is provided. The first of these components consists of the constraint force that would have existed were all the constraints ideal; the second is caused by the non-ideal nature of the constraints, and though it needs specification by the mechanician who is modeling the specific system at hand, it nonetheless has a specific form. The general equations of motion obtained herein provide new insights into the simplicity with which Nature seems to operate. They are shown to provide new and exact methods for the tracking control of highly nonlinear mechanical and structural systems without recourse to the usual and approximate methods of linearization that are commonly in use.
14C‐Umlagerung, Salzeffekte und Ionenpaar‐Rückkehr in der Solvolyse von [2‐(p‐Anisyl)‐äthyl]‐p‐toluolsulfonat

The solvolysis of 14C-labelled 2-p-anisyl-1-ethyl p-toluenesulfonate p-CH3O–C6H4–CβH2–*CαH2–OTs (IA) leads to product in which 14C-scrambling between Cα and Cβ is complete when the solvent is formic acid or acetic acid, but only partial when the solvent is ethanol. These results confirm previous conclusions, based on kinetic evidence, that solvolysis of 2-p-anisyl-1-ethyl toluenesulfonate is almost exclusively anchimerically assisted in formic and acetic acid solvents, but not in the more nucleophilic solvent, ethanol.
A New Multistage Noise-Shaping Architecture

This paper presents a new architecture for high dynamic range, low oversampling ratio (OSR) noise-shaped digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The instantaneous noise feedforward architecture is a multistage structure in which the instantaneous noise and gain/phase distortion in the first stage are cancelled by passing them through another converter and then subtracting them at the output after analog attenuation. The signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of a device using this architecture scales as the product of the first noise shaper's SNDR and the ratiometric precision of the attenuator technology. This new architecture was implemented by driving the bits of an existing DAC (with binary weighting) using specially generated digital signals. One set of experimental measurements demonstrates a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) performance of 83 dBc in a 125-MHz bandwidth centered at 325 MHz while using an OSR of only 4. A second set of experimental measurements produces an SFDR performance of 70 dBc in a 125-MHz bandwidth centered slightly above 1.3 GHz with an OSR of 16
New Pion, Kaon and Baryon Mass Relations

The purpose of this work 1s to call attention to some new linear mass relationsll we have found recently by our quarters and eighths classification method. 2l According to the classification scheme, the masses of the stable particles are approximated as me=O, m'"= (3/4)m •• , mx=3(1/2)m •• , mn =4m •• , mN=6(3/4)m •• , mA=8m •• , m 2 =8(1/2)mrr•, m 8 =9(1/2)m •• and m.ll-=12m ••. Although not "stable", mP fits very well at 5 (1/2) m... This classification requires small mass corrections, interpreted as radiative corrections, which are presently obtained empirically. Thus, the masses of stable particles are written
Multiplicative Symmetry Groups of Markov Processes

In [5], Glover and Mitro formulated a group G consisting of symmetries of the cone S of excessive functions of a transient Markov process X t . Roughly speaking, G is defined to be the collection of all bimeasurable bijections φ of the state space E of X t onto itself such that S = {f ο φ : f ∈ S}. This group G can also be characterized as the collection of all bimeasurable bijections φ : E → E with the following properties: i) φ(X) is a transient Markov process; and ii) there is a continuous additive functional A t φ of X t which is strictly increasing and finite on [0, ζ] with right continuous inverse τ(φ,t) such that \((\varphi ({X_t}),{P^{{\varphi ^{ - 1}}(x)}})\) and (X τ (φ,t), P x ) are identical in law. Because of this, we call the group G the additive symmetry group of X t . From each subgroup H of G, Glover and Mitro constructed a new state space F and a surjection Φ : E → F. They showed that, under some mild topological hypotheses, there is a time change τ(t) of X t such that Φ(X τ (t)) is a strong Markov process. Following this, Glover [3] used appropriate transitive subgroups of G to introduce a group structure on the state space E and showed that, under appropriate conditions, X t is a Levy process in this new group structure.
A task duplication based scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous systems

Optimal scheduling of tasks of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) onto a set of processors is a strong NP-hard problem. In this paper we present a scheduling scheme called TDS to schedule tasks of a DAG onto a heterogeneous system. This models a network of workstations, with processors of varying computing power. The primary objective of this scheme is to minimize schedule length and scheduling time itself. The existing task duplication based scheduling scheme is primarily done for totally homogeneous systems. We compare the performance of this algorithm with an existing scheduling scheme for heterogeneous processors called BIL. In initial simulations TDS has been observed to generate scheduling lengths shorter than that of BIL, for communication-to-computation cost ratios (CCR) of 0.2 to 1. Moreover TDS is far more superior than BIL as far as scheduling time is concerned.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa induction of apoptosis in respiratory epithelial cells: analysis of the effects of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction and bacterial virulence factors.

Airway epithelial cells can respond to infection by activating several signaling pathways. We examined the induction of apoptosis in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in normal cells and several cystic fibrosis (CF) and corrected cell lines. Epithelial cells in monolayers with tight junctions, confirmed by apical ZO-1 staining demonstrated by confocal microscopy, were entirely resistant to PAO1-induced apoptosis. In contrast, cell lines such as 9HTEo− cells that do not form tight junctions were susceptible, with 50% of the population apoptotic after 6 h of exposure to PAO1. CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction caused by different mechanisms (trafficking mutations, overexpression of the regulatory domain or antisense constructs) did not alter rates of apoptosis, nor were differences apparent in terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate–biotin nick-end labeling detection of apoptotic airway cells from PAO1 infected cftr − / − or control mice. Bac...
Design of a Computer Aided Robot Design System

Utilization of robots has recently received considerable attention from the engineering community; however, the state-of-the-art design and control of robots leave much to be desired. The sheer high dimensionality of robot models and the large geometrical variations in system parameters have made the study and control of robots an extremely complex task. As robots become lighter, more intelligent, more maneuverable and affordable, the modelling of robots necessary for the design and control of such systems presents a higher level of complexity.
Usability standards across the development lifecycle

In 2005 the International Organization for Standardization published ISO/IEC 25062 "Common Industry Format (CIF) for Usability Test Reports." This standard focuses on documenting the results of usability testing in a consistent format in terms of user effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction that allows comparison among products by purchasers of such systems. However, soon after its publication the user community advocated for additional standards to document the output of usability-related work within the development lifecycle. A second usability CIF, "A General Framework for Usability-related Information" (ISO/IEC Technical Report 25060) is now available that identifies seven outputs of the usability-engineering process. The framework focuses on documenting those elements needed for design and development of usable systems. To successfully use the framework it is critical to understand the relationship of these elements to the human-centered design process and the activities of the system life-cycle processes. These new Common Industry Format standards for usability-related information are a further step in standardizing usability engineering in industry.
Physiologic Mechanisms in Clinical Shock

In clinical terms, shock has been defined as hypotension, tachycardia, cold and clammy extremities, oliguria, stupor, and collapse. In physiological terms, it has been defined as low cardiac output with high resistance. These definitions have been based on data obtained in the dog subjected to the Wiggers’ type of experimental hemorrhagic shock and in patients with hemorrhagic and cardiogenic shock (3–5,9,19,20). Moreover, the concept of shock as low output-high resistance appears intuitively attra ctive since, experimentally, pressure and flow diminish as blood volume decreases and flow ceases when pressure falls to zero.
Comorbidity of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Psychiatric Disorder: An Overview

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been noted to be comorbid with a variety of psychiatric disorders. These include oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, as well as affective, anxiety, and learning disorders. Considerable debate has revolved as to the meaning of this overlap. Does it occur by chance or is it an artifact of referral bias? Are the comorbid conditions secondary to the ADHD, or can other psychiatric disorders masquerade as attentional problems? Alternatively, ADHD may exist as distinct subtypes, each with its specific comorbidity. Studies that have examined the comorbidity of oppositional, conduct, affective, anxiety, and learning disorders in ADHD are reviewed. ADHD and ADHD with conduct disorder appear to be distinct subtypes, possibly with different etiologies. While the short-term response to stimulants is the same in these two groups, children with ADHD and conduct disorder children have higher rates of antisocial personality as adults. Coexisting anxiety appears to attenuate impulsivity in ADHD, and stimulant response is poorer in ADHD children with comorbid anxiety. Anxiety and ADHD appear to be inherited independently. A subset of ADHD children also meet criteria for bipolar disorder, although the exact prevalence of this diagnosis in ADHD children is strongly debated. Regardless of prevalence, this is a severely impaired group of ADHD children, with high rates of aggression and psychiatric disorder in their families. The comorbidity of ADHD and major depression is much less studied, and few firm conclusions can be made about it. Finally, about 20%-25% of ADHD children meet criteria for a learning disorder, but learning disorders appear to be independent of ADHD.
Maternal Psychological Control, Use of Supportive Parenting, and Childhood Depressive Symptoms

The current study, operating from a stress-process framework, examined the interactive effects of supportive parenting practices (i.e., mothers’ use of positive communication, positive parenting, and parental involvement) and maternal psychological control on mother- and child-reported child depressive symptoms in a community-recruited sample of 9–12 year-olds. Discrepancies between reports of depressive symptoms were also examined. Maternal psychological control was uniquely associated with child-, not mother-, reported depressive symptoms. Parental involvement was uniquely associated with mother-, not child-, reported depressive symptoms. Positive parent–child communication was associated with both reports of child depressive symptoms at the bivariate level, but not when unique associations were examined. Positive parenting was unrelated to either report of depressive symptoms. No interaction effects were detected. The current findings highlight the differential importance of parenting practices on child depressive symptoms, and also indicate the necessity of gathering both parent and child reports of symptomatology and family functioning.
Individual differences in timing of peak positive subjective responses to d-amphetamine: Relationship to pharmacokinetics and physiology

Rate of delivery of psychostimulants has been associated with their positive euphoric effects and potential addiction liability. However, information on individual differences in onset of d-amphetamine's effects remains scarce. We examined individual differences in the time to peak subjective and physiological effects and the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of oral d-amphetamine. We considered two independent studies that used different dosing regimens where subjects completed the drug effects questionnaire at multiple time points post d-amphetamine. Based on the observation of distinct individual differences in time course of drug effects questionnaire "feel", "high", and "like" ratings (DEQH+L+F) in Study 1, subjects in both studies were categorized as early peak responders (peak within 60 minutes), late peak responders (peak > 60 minutes) or nonresponders; 20-25% of participants were categorized as early peak responders, 50-55% as late peak responders and 20-30% as nonresponders. Physiological (both studies) and plasma d-amphetamine (Study 1) were compared among these groups. Early peak responders exhibited an earlier rise in plasma d-amphetamine levels and more sustained elevation in heart rate compared to late peak responders. The present data illustrate the presence of significant individual differences in the temporal pattern of responses to oral d-amphetamine, which may contribute to heightened abuse potential.
Hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation of the skin.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-associated hyperpigmentation is uncommon, with onset ranging from 3 months to 22 years following the initiation of therapy1. A 32-year-old woman presented with a 1.5-year history of symmetric polyarthritis, positive rheumatoid factor, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, without erosive joint changes. She had presented shortly after a Cesarean birth complicated by wound dehiscence and infection. She was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and treatment was initiated with HCQ 200 mg twice …
Developing Variational Vibration Models of Damaged Beams: Toward Intelligent Failure Detection

Inaccuracies in the modeling assumptions about the distributional characteristics of the monitored signatures have been shown to cause frequent false positives in vehicle monitoring systems for high-risk aerospace applications. To enable the development of robust fault detection methods, this work explores the deterministic as well as variational characteristics of failure signatures. Specifically, we explore the combined impact of crack damage and manufacturing variation on the vibrational characteristics of beams. The transverse vibration and associated eigenfrequencies of the beams are considered. Two different approaches are used to model beam vibrations with and without crack damage. The first aproach uses separation of variables. This method enables the direct integration of the resulting ordinary differential equation and determination of different eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes. This approach uses a spring to model localized reduction in stiffness as a result of the cracked beam. The second approach uses a finite difference approach to enable the inclusion of both cracks and manufacturing variation to be considered. The crack model used with the finite difference approach is based on a localized decrease in the Young’s modulus. Using both beam and crack models, Monte Carlo simulations are used to explore the impacts of manufacturing variation on damaged and undamaged beams. Derivations are presented for both models. Conclusions are presented on the choice of modeling techniques to define crack damage, and its impact on the monitored signal, followed by conclusions about the distributional characteristics of the monitored signatures when exposed to random manufacturing variations.© 2003 ASME
Rate of Flow and Cell Count of Rat Thoracic Duct Lymph.

Summary1. A technic is described for obtaining lymph from the thoracic duct of the rat. 2. The average rate of flow of thoracic duct lymph in the adult, female, unfasted rat, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital was approximately 0.45 cc/hour (range: 0.13-0.7 in 10 rats). 3. The white cell count of the thoracic duct lymph in 17 rats varied from 6,650-46,250 cells/cu mm and averaged 19,050 cells/cu mm. 4. The rat is a useful and convenient animal to employ in studies on physiology of the lymph.
Computing similarity of text-based assembly processes for knowledge retrieval and reuse

Abstract The objective of this research is to use text similarity algorithms to enable retrieval and knowledge sharing of text-based assembly process plans. In distributed design-manufacturing enterprises, there exists a need to: (1) establish and use “best practice” assembly process descriptions to ensure process design consistency across manufacturing locations and (2) leverage and adapt existing process design knowledge across product lines. In this research, the need for better communication is addressed by design knowledge reuse. Specifically, previously-authored assembly processes are retrieved from a centralized repository with a text-based similarity and retrieval algorithm. The similarity of forty-five text-based assembly work instruction pairs (obtained from ten work instruction sets) is computed using four text mining algorithms: (1) Word Overlap, (2) Jaccard Score, (3) TF–IDF and (4) Latent Semantic Analysis. The similarity scores are used to compare and retrieve similar work instructions from a repository of existing assembly processes descriptions. A survey is conducted to develop a baseline quantification of assembly work instruction similarity. The scores from each text comparison method are compared to the scores from the survey. A statistical hypothesis test shows the Jaccard method mimics human interpretation of assembly work instruction similarity better than the three other text comparison methods. However, the Jaccard method is insensitive to synonymy and polysemy of words. The Latent Semantic Analysis method is relatively insensitive to synonymy and polysemy of words; and was found to have a difference of 0.1 with respect to survey data. This indicates that Latent Semantic Analysis can be used to retrieve assembly work instructions authored in free text. By doing so, engineers will be presented with similar variants of assembly work instructions have been authored. This will allow engineers to compare and assess the efficiency of their assembly process and gain insight into how other facilities are performing similar assembly operations.
NCO-13NEUROCOGNITIVE CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH FRONTAL LOBECTOMY FOR RIGHT AND LEFT FRONTAL LOBE GLIOMA

BACKGROUND: Some patients with frontal lobe glioma receive near frontal lobectomy for tumor resection or debulking. However, little is known regarding the impact of frontal lobectomy for glioma on neurocognitive functioning (NCF). METHODS: Patients with glioma in the left (n = 11; 78% anaplastic) or right frontal lobe (n = 9; 73% anaplastic) underwent frontal lobectomy. The posterior resection boundary included the frontal pole of the lateral ventricle and posterior floor of the anterior cranial fossa. Pre- and postsurgical neuropsychological assessments were completed within 4 months of resection [including WAIS-III: Block Design, Similarities, Digit Span, Digit Symbol; HVLT-R; Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA); Token Test; Trail Making Test (TMT)]. Scores at or below -1.5 SDs from normative means were considered impaired. Reliable change indices classified change in NCF performances as Declined or Stable/Improved. RESULTS: Demographic and tumor characteristics (histology/volume/extent of resection) did not differ by hemisphere. Presurgical NCF impairment was most frequent on COWA (25%), HVLT-R Total Recall (42%), Delayed Recall (41%), Recognition (24%), TMT-A (26%), and TMT-B (24%). In total, 50% of patients evidenced pre- to postoperative interval decline on at least 1 measure, which was most frequent on the HVLT-R Total Recall (26%) and TMT-B (23%). While not statistically significant, trends suggested older patients with greater extent of resection, and those with left frontal tumors were at greatest risk. CONCLUSIONS: NCF impairment was relatively common in patients with frontal lobe glioma in the pre-operative period in the domains of memory and executive functioning. Decline following frontal lobectomy was less common. Nonetheless, a sizeable proportion of patients experience some postoperative decline, most commonly in memory and executive functioning. Older patients with left frontal lesions may be at increased risk.
Study on preparation and in vitro release behavior of lung targeting perfenidone liposomes

Objective:To prepare lung targeting perfenidone liposomes and study the release of perfenidone in vitro.Method:The perfenidone liposomes were prepared by thin film method.D-mannose was used to coat the liposomes for lung targeting action and lipid membrane was modified with stearylamine.UV method was used to determine the entrapment efficiency of perfenidone liposomes.Orthogonal design was used to select the optimum formulation.Dialysis was used to study the release of perfenidone in vitro.Results:The prepared perfenidone liposomes demonstrated good stability and encapsulation efficiency was 81.1%.The average size was 581.1nm and the Zeta potential of the modified perfenidone liposomes was-20.61mV.The release in vitro was characterized by Weibull equation.Conclusion:Thin film method with freeze-thawing steps could increase the entrapment efficiency and stability of perfenidone liposomes after modification of lipid membrane with D-mannose and stearylamine.It was valuable to be further studied for lung target.
Searches for Vector-like Quarks, t¯t and tb resonances with the ATLAS Detector

Various extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of new types of quarks or bosons. We report on searches for vector-like quarks decaying to a Z boson and a top quark or bottom quark and new resonances decaying to a top-antitop pair and a top-antibottom pair. Several of these searches include the use of boosted top quark reconstruction techniques. These searches use the data sample recorded in 2012 at s=8 TeV centre-of-mass energy by the ATLAS experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. In these searches no evidence for new physics is observed.
Formalizing the avoidance-image hypothesis: critique of an earlier prediction

Role du polymorphisme de la couleur dans les relations predateur-proie avec des exemples de rapaces comme predateurs
Optimized diode arrays for pump applications

AlGaAs laser diodes have a unique advantage in pumping solid-state lasers due to the ease of tailoring an array output to the 800-nm absorption peak in Nd:glass or the 810-nm absorption peak in Nd:YAG. In addition, laser diodes offer significantly higher efficiencies than other optical pumps.