cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal study of in vivo wound repair and in vitro cellular senescence of dermal fibroblasts.

Abstract A longitudinal study was performed to confirm the inverse relationship between in vivo age and in vitro proliferative capacity previously observed in a cross-sectional study, and to investigate the relationship between the growth of dermal fibroblasts in vitro and a physiological function (i.e., wound repair) that is known to decline with age in vivo. Fibroblast cultures were generated from skin punch biopsies from 12 male hamsters beginning at 1 month of age and at 6-months interval thereafter until the natural death of the animal. All cultures from all individuals exhibited finite proliferative capacity, and an inverse relationship was observed between donor age and maximum in vitro proliferative capacity. In addition, a direct correlation between the in vitro proliferative capacity of the dermal fibroblasts in vitro and the repair efficiency of the biopsy site was observed. However, these changes in the in vitro proliferative capacity and in vivo wound repair efficiency were not progressive beyond 12–18 months of age and were not indicative at any age of an individual's ultimate lifespan. This study provides evidence that in vitro proliferative capacity of dermal fibroblasts and in vivo wound repair may be comparable phenomena that share a common mechanism. However, the nonprogressive nature and the lack of correlation between these phenomena and the individual's ultimate lifespan indicate that their use as biological markers of aging is limited to animals younger than the mean lifespan of the species.
The role of goal specificity in the goal-setting process

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between goal specificity and task performance, with specificity operationalized as a continuous quantitative variable reflecting the range of performance levels individuals chose as their personal goals. It was hypothesized that, controlling for goal difficulty, specific personal goals would be associated with higher levels of task performance. It was also hypothesized that task strategy would mediate the relationship between goal specificity and performance and that specific goals would be associated with smaller goal-performance discrepancies. The results from a sample of 162 college students working on an eye-hand coordination task supported the hypothesis concerning goal-performance discrepancies. They hypotheses regarding task strategy and the relationship between goal specificity and performance were supported only on the second of two trials.
A Brief Agitation Rating Scale (BARS) for Nursing Home Elderly

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a brief agitation rating scale (BARS) derived from the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). DESIGN: Test of reliability and validity of a new test. SETTING: The Lieberman Geriatric Health Centre, a skilled nursing facility. PARTICIPANTS: Forty members of the Lieberman Geriatric Health Centre nursing staff, 232 residents, and a sample of 40 randomly selected residents. MEASUREMENTS: Observational agitation ratings by registered nurses and certified nurses' assistants; item to total correlations for the CMAI on each of the three shifts; Pearson correlations between the 10-item BARS and the BEHAVE-AD and the BSSAD scales. RESULTS: Internal consistency reliability for the BARS was .74 (for the day shift), .82 (evening shift), and .80 (night shift), compared with .86, .91, and .87 for the full CMAI. Each of the 232 residents' scores on the BARS was correlated with a total score from the CMAI separately on each shift. Correlations were of .95, .94, and .95. Thus, across all shifts, the BARS accounted for approximately 90 percent of the variance of the total score of the CMAI. Concurrent validity of the BARS was supported by significant correlation with BEHAVE-AD and BSSD. CONCLUSIONS: The BARS represents a brief and effective mechanism to assess the presence and severity of physically aggressive, physically non-aggressive, and verbally agitated behaviors in elderly nursing home residents. Language: en
Retroperitoneal extraadrenal myelolipoma: Technetium-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy and CT imaging.

Abstract:Myelolipoma is a rare hormonally inactive, benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic cells. It frequently involves the adrenal gland but could be located away from this organ in the thorax, retroperitoneum, or presacral region. The extraadrenal lesion may simulate oth
Analysis of Ly-6.2-bearing murine lymphocyte subpopulations in relation to the T-lymphocyte markers, Thy-1, Lyt-1, and Lyt-2.

Abstract Using immunofluorescence with a monoclonal anti-Ly-6.2 antibody and FACS analysis we have confirmed that the Ly-6.2 antigen is present on approximately 70% of mature T cells and B cells but on few immature lymphocytes. There is a wide range of antigen density among the Ly-6.2+ populations, with the mean density higher on T cells than B cells. Following Con A activation of splenocytes there was a sixfold increase in Ly-6.2 antigen density though approximately 20% of the activated lymphocytes were Ly-6.2−. The increase in Ly-6.2 density was specific since similar density increases did not occur for the closely linked antigens ThB and H 9 25 . By panning a predominantly T-cell population for Lyt-2-bearing cells, it was found that Lyt-2+ lymphocytes were either negative or dully staining for Ly-6.2. However, activated cells bearing the Lyt-2 antigen were all Ly-6.2 positive. Double-staining experiments showed that T cells which had high Ly-6.2 antigen densities also had high Thy-1 antigen densities. Corticosteroid-resistant thymocytes were highly enriched for Ly-6.2-bearing cells compared to untreated thymocytes and had staining profiles for Ly-6.2 which were similar to peripheral T cells, supporting the idea that steroid treatment selects for a phenotypically mature thymic population.
Attributional outcomes: The subtle messages of treatments for attention deficit disorder

The attributional effects of combining medication with cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of children diagnosed as having attention deficit disorder (ADD) were examined. Thirty ADD subjects received a 22-session cognitive training program focusing on self-control. Children were also randomly assigned to receive methylphenidate, placebo, or no pill. Medication group influenced parent attributions. Although child measures did not reveal significant effects, group means were directionally similar to those of the parents. Parents in the no-pill group believed most strongly that their children were capable of solving their own presenting problems. The placebo group most strongly believed that solutions would result from external and uncontrollable factors. The motivational effects of combining medication with cognitive therapy or other behavior change techniques are discussed. Also discussed are the implications for combined treatment tactics in clinical and research settings and applications to behavioral medicine.
Integrating sciences by creating new disciplines: The case of cell biology

Many studies of the unification of science focus on the theories of different disciplines. The model for integration is the theory reduction model. This paper argues that the embodiment of theories in scientists, and the institutions in which scientists work and the instruments they employ, are critical to the sort of integration that actually occurs in science. This paper examines the integration of scientific endeavors that emerged in cell biology in the period after World War II when the development of cell fractionation and electron microscopy made serious investigations of cell organelles possible. One surprising feature of such integration is that it generated further disintegration as the new institutions of cell biology separated the practitioners of the new discipline from other, closely related biological disciplines.
The Spectral Response of Campoletis perdistinctus

Spectral response characteristics of adult ichneumonid wasps, Campoletis perdistinctus (Viereck), were determined by use of 2 different laboratory-response measurement techniques. A group response technique which used a V-shaped test chamber to provide a measure of induced locomotion or phototaxis showed that wavelengths in the green region (≍ 560 nanometers (nm)) and in near-ultraviolet region (≍ 365 nm) were more effective for eliciting responses. A group-response technique which used an ultrasonic motion detector to provide a continuous measure of momentary activity gave no indication of induced activity by near-ultraviolet stimuli but showed wavelengths in the green region (also at ≍ 560 nm) to be quite effective.
Human Ste20 homologue hPAK1 links GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway

Abstract Background: The Rho-related GTP-binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac1 have been shown to regulate signaling pathways involved in cytoskeletal reorganization and stress-responsive JNK (Jun N-terminal kinase) activation. However, to date, the GTPase targets that mediate these effects have not been identified. PAK defines a growing family of mammalian kinases that are related to yeast Ste20 and are activated in vitro through binding to Cdc42 and Rac1 (PAK: p21 Cdc42-/Rac-activated kinase). Clues to PAK function have come from studies of Ste20, which controls the activity of the yeast mating mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, in response to a heterotrimeric G protein and Cdc42. Results To initiate studies of mammalian Ste20-related kinases, we identified a novel human PAK isoform, hPAK1. When expressed in yeast, hPAK1 was able to replace Ste20 in the pheromone response pathway. Chemical mutagenesis of a plasmid encoding hPAK1, followed by transformation into yeast, led to the identification of a potent constitutively active hPAK1 with a substitution of a highly conserved amino-acid residue (L107F) in the Cdc42-binding domain. Expression of the hPAK1 L107F allele in mammalian cells led to specific activation of the Jun N-terminal kinase MAP kinase pathway, but not the mechanistically related extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase pathway. Conclusion These results demonstrate that hPAK1 is a GTPase effector controlling a downstream MAP kinase pathway in mammalian cells, as Ste20 does in yeast. Thus, PAK and Ste20 kinases play key parts in linking extracellular signals from membrane components, such as receptor-associated G proteins and Rho-related GTPases, to nuclear responses, such as transcriptional activation.
Entrepreneurial leadership: developing and measuring a cross-cultural construct

Abstract In the increasingly turbulent and competitive environment business firms face today, a type of “entrepreneurial” leader distinct from other behavioral forms of leadership is required. This article develops the construct of entrepreneurial leadership using the works on entrepreneurship and leadership as a guide. It also proposes an empirical measure of the construct using data from the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study on leadership consisting of a 62-society cross-cultural sample of over 15,000 middle managers. Findings provide evidence of the “etic” or universal appeal of the construct of entrepreneurial leadership across cultures and some preliminary insights on the factors contributing to societal differences in the perceived effectiveness of entrepreneurial leadership.
Variable-rate lime application in Louisiana sugarcane production systems

Precision agriculture may offer sugarcane growers a management system that decreases costs and maximizes profits, while minimizing any potential negative environmental impact. The utility of variable-rate (VR) lime application in the initial production year (plant cane) of a 3-year sugarcane crop cycle was investigated at three locations planted to the cultivar LCP 85–384 for a total of nine site-years. A conventional, uniform-rate (UR) lime application method was compared to a VR application method and a no-lime control. Prior to lime application, soil samples (0–200 mm) were taken on a 0.4 ha grid to produce VR application maps. Soil samples were also taken after each crop of the 3-year production cycle to determine effects of lime application on soil properties. The combined results showed that neither the UR nor VR lime application method consistently improved cane or sugar yields over the no-lime control. Cane and sugar yields at Naquin Farms (NF) were increased with both the UR and VR methods, with the UR method having a slight advantage. At St. Louis Plantation (SLP), only the VR method in the first-ratoon crop increased cane and sugar yields and there were no yield differences due to lime application at Ellendale Plantation (EP). At NF and SLP, application of lime in the plant-cane crop increased soil pH and available phosphorus over the 3-year production cycle. At EP, lime application did not influence any of the soil properties measured. The failure to get a yield response from lime application at SLP and EP may have been due to the fact that fertility levels at planting were already greater than those at NF and the nitrogen fertilizer rates used by the grower at EP were higher than those at either SLP or NF. This may have obscured any positive yield effects that would be realized from increased nutrient availability. It is also possible that multiple VR lime applications will be required over a number of crop cycles to stabilize soil pH levels before a consistent positive effect on cane and sugar yields is observed with VR application. This possibility will be investigated in future studies.
Categorization of North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses: Epitopic profiles of the N, M, GP5 and GP3 proteins and susceptibility to neutralization

Eleven epitopes were identified by murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that represented the N, M, GP5 and GP3 proteins of the North American (NA) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus, KY 35 (NVSL 46907). Three discontinuous epitopes of the N and M proteins were designated EpORF7-Fd through Hd and EpORF6-Ad through Cd. Five continuous epitopes of the GP5 and GP3 proteins were designated EpORF5-A through C and EpORF3-A and B. The MAbs representing EpORF5-C and EpORF6-A and B had neutralizing activity. The MAbs representing the above epitopes, except EpORF7-Gd and Hd, expanded the virus marker system described in a previous study in which a panel of 69 NA viruses and the Lelystad virus were categorized into 5 antigenic groups, I15 through V15 based on the presence or absence of 5 continuous epitopes of the N protein. Antigenic groups I15 and II15, which represented 84.7 and 11.6% of all viruses tested, were categorized further into 9 and 4 subgroups, respectively. The remaining NA viruses and the Lelystad virus were distributed among 4 groups, one of which was represented by 2 subgroups. Significant (P<0.05) differences in sensitivity to neutralization of 28 viruses representing 6 antigenic groups by the 3 neutralizing MAbs suggested that sensitivity to neutralization may also be of value in categorizing PRRS viruses.
Saturation mutagenesis of a major histocompatibility complex protein domain: identification of a single conserved amino acid important for allorecognition

Abstract The interactive association between T lymphocytes and their target cells is an important system of cell-cell interactions. Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are the cell surface structures recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. To define the molecular structures recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we have saturated the 270-base-pair alpha 1 exon of the H-2Dp gene with point mutations, rapidly producing a "library" of 2.5 x 10(3) independent mutants. The library contains enough recombinant clones (each clone encoding approximately one amino acid replacement mutation) to predict a mutation at each nucleotide position of the alpha 1 exon. The functional analysis of the first five transfected gene products tested has shown that mutation of a conserved tyrosine at position 27 to asparagine destroys recognition of the H-2Dp gene product by polyclonal alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Recognition of the same mutant molecule by three monoclonal antibodies and H-2-restricted lymphocytic choriomenengitis virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes is unaffected.
Thin-film electrode based droplet detection for microfluidic systems

Abstract We report on a droplet-producing microfluidic system with electrical impedance-based detection. The microfluidic devices are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass with thin film electrodes connected to an impedance-monitoring circuit. Immiscible fluids containing the hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases are injected with syringe pumps and spontaneously break into water-in-oil droplet trains. When a droplet passes between a pair of electrodes in a medium having different electrical conductivity, the resulting impedance change signals the presence of the particle for closed-loop feedback during processing. The circuit produces a digital pulse for input into a computer control system. The droplet detector allows estimation of a droplet's arrival time at the microfluidic chip outlet for dispensing applications. Droplet detection is required in applications that count, sort, and direct microfluidic droplets. Because of their low cost and simplicity, microelectrode-based droplet detection techniques should find applications in digital microfluidics and in three-dimensional printing technology for rapid prototyping and biotechnology.
Effects of Potassium Doping on CO Hydrogenation Over MoS2 Catalysts: A First-Principles Investigation

Abstract The effects of potassium (K) doping on the reactivity of CO hydrogenation over MoS2(100) catalysts are investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The surface doped K species enhances the CO adsorption by providing both K O and K C bonding. DFT results show that K-doping promotes the C C coupling step forming the H2CCO precursor that leads to the formation of mixed higher C2 + oxygenates. Different reaction routes for CO hydrogenation on the Mo and the S edges over MoS2(100) catalysts are identified.
Stochastic theory of line shape and relaxation.

This paper is a generalization of Kubo's stochastic theory of spectroscopic line shapes which appeared in 1962 under the same title. Using a stochastic, Hermitian Hamiltonian to phenomenologically incorporate absorber-perturber interactions resulting from molecular collisions, we are able to reproduce Kubo's derivation of the simple Lorentzian line shape: I(\ensuremath{\omega})=${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$\ensuremath{\Gamma}[(\ensuremath{\omega}-${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$${)}^{2}$+\ensuremath{\Gamma} $^{2}$${]}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ in which the width \ensuremath{\Gamma} is related to the mean-square strength, ${Q}_{3}$, of a diagonal stochastic Hamiltonian by \ensuremath{\Gamma}=2${Q}_{3}$. Our generalization of this line shape is I(\ensuremath{\omega})=(1/\ensuremath{\pi}){1+(1-\ensuremath{\omega}/\ensuremath{\Omega})[(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{1}$)/2\ensuremath{\Gamma}]}\ensuremath{\Gamma}/[(\ensuremath{\omega}-\ensuremath{\Omega}${)}^{2}$+\ensuremath{\Gamma} $^{2}$${]}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, where ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{2}$ measure the degree of anisotropy in the off-diagonal part of the stochastic Hamiltonian. With perfect isotropy their contribution vanishes, but we are still left with additional corrections to the simple Lorentzian: \ensuremath{\Gamma}=2Q(1+${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{0}^{2}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}^{2}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$+ 2${\mathrm{Q}}_{3}$ and \ensuremath{\Omega}=${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$+\ensuremath{\Delta}, where \ensuremath{\Delta}=2Q(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{0}$/\ensuremath{\epsilon})(1+${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{0}^{2}$/\ensuremath{\epsilon} $^{2}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. Our result does reduce to Kubo's in the absence of off-diagonal stochastic terms. The parameter \ensuremath{\epsilon} measures the non-Markovianness of the stochastic Hamiltonian and yields white noise in the limit \ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. Our results are valid for this limit regime. The frequency shift \ensuremath{\Delta} is a measure of the non-Markovianness.
Impurities, Toughness and Intermetallic Compounds: An Overview

The possible role of impurities in affecting the ductility of intermetallic compounds is reviewed using the behavior of three different compounds as examples: Ni3Al, TiAl, and NiAl. It is shown that the roles of crystal structure, environment and microstructure are at least as important as impurities and that the effects of impurities can only be clearly seen after these other factors are also controlled in the experiment.
Sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade for high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.

OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive review of the issue related to the administration of sedative, analgesic, and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) to patients who are receiving ventilatory support for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. RESULTS Sedative, analgesic, and NMBA are used with great frequency in patients with severe ARDS who are undergoing high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. In particular, the use of NMBA has been higher than for other ARDS populations. Important considerations for effective treatment include careful patient evaluation, patient-based medication selection, identification of treatment goals with periodic re-assessment, titration of medications to objective parameters such as sedation scales and peripheral nerve stimulation, use of intermittent therapy when feasible, implementation of drug interruption strategies, and discontinuation of medications at the earliest possible time. It is important to recognize that patients evolve from severe ARDS through phases of recovery to the resolution of respiratory failure and that ventilatory management, as well as sedative and related medication requirements, will vary markedly over the course of this process. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary, structured approach that is based on the considerations described should help achieve optimal results in this challenging patient population.
An Explanation for the Size-Effect in Machining Using Strain Gradient Plasticity

This paper aims to explain the size-effect in the Primary Deformation Zone (PDZ) in machining using strain gradient plasticity theory. Considering a parallel-sided shear zone configuration, models are formulated for the evaluation of strain gradient, density of geometrically necessary dislocations, shear strength and the specific shear energy. The analysis of deformation in the PDZ shows that the length of the shear plane represents the fundamental material length scale governing the size-effect. It also provides an estimate of the lower bound on the size-effect observed in the specific shear energy. The general trends predicted by the model are shown to agree well with the experimental values obtained from the literature.
A formulation of the finite-length narrow slot or strip equation

A formulation of the integro-differential equation for the electric field (or equivalent surface magnetic current) in a finite-length narrow slot in a perfectly conducting planar screen of infinite extent is presented. An analogous developement leads to the dual equation for a finite-length narrow conducting strip. The derivation proceeds from the general aperture equation and incorporates the known field in a narrow slot of infinite extent. The formulation is not based upon the concept of an equivalent radius but, as a by-product, width/4 emerges as the value of the equivalent radius of a strip or a slot.
On the life span of pottery, type frequencies, and archaeological inference

A sample of North Cameroon Fulani pottery for which median ages of types are known is used to show that the frequencies of types in the archaeological record are in part a function of their respective life spans. This is of some significance in interassemblage comparisons.
A sparse ising model with covariates

Summary There has been a lot of work fitting Ising models to multivariate binary data in order to understand the conditional dependency relationships between the variables. However, additional covariates are frequently recorded together with the binary data, and may influence the dependence relationships. Motivated by such a dataset on genomic instability collected from tumor samples of several types, we propose a sparse covariate dependent Ising model to study both the conditional dependency within the binary data and its relationship with the additional covariates. This results in subject-specific Ising models, where the subject's covariates influence the strength of association between the genes. As in all exploratory data analysis, interpretability of results is important, and we use penalties to induce sparsity in the fitted graphs and in the number of selected covariates. Two algorithms to fit the model are proposed and compared on a set of simulated data, and asymptotic results are established. The results on the tumor dataset and their biological significance are discussed in detail.
Genetic Suppression of Polyglutamine Toxicity in Drosophila

A Drosophila model for Huntington's and other polyglutamine diseases was used to screen for genetic factors modifying the degeneration caused by expression of polyglutamine in the eye. Among 7000 P-element insertions, several suppressor strains were isolated, two of which led to the discovery of the suppressor genes described here. The predicted product of one, dHDJ1, is homologous to human heat shock protein 40/HDJ1. That of the second, dTPR2, is homologous to the human tetratricopeptide repeat protein 2. Each of these molecules contains a chaperone-related J domain. Their suppression of polyglutamine toxicity was verified in transgenic flies.
Raman measurements of the superconductor (La2-xSrx)CuO4

Abstract We report polarized Raman measurements of single crystal (La2-xSrx)CuO4 with x=0, 0.08, and 0.12, which encompasses insulating and superconducting crystals. Group theory predicts four Raman allowed modes of symmetry 2A1g + 2Eg. For all of the crystals we observe two sharp A1g modes at approximately 226 and 430 cm−1, but could not detect either Eg mode. Tabularly summarizing the published Raman data on this material, a great deal of disagreement can be seen among the measurements. However, our results are in good agreement with some of the data. We discuss the absence of frequency dependence on x in our data.
Lax-stability of fully discrete spectral methods via stability regions and pseudo-eigenvalues

In many calculations, spectral discretization in space is coupled with a standard ordinary differential equation formula in time. To analyze the stability of such a combination, one would like simply to test whether the eigenvalues of the spatial discretization operator (appropriately scaled by the time step k) lie in the stability region for the o.d.e. formula, but it is well known that this kind of analysis is in general invalid. In the present paper we rehabilitate the use of stability regions by proving that a discrete linear multistep ‘method of lines’ approximation to a partial differential equation is Lax-stable, within a small algebraic factor, if and only if all of the e-pseudo-eigenvalues of the spatial discretization operator lie within O(e) of the stability region as e → 0. An e-pseudo-eigenvalue of a matrix A is any number that is an eigenvalue of some matrix A + E with ∥E ∥ ⩽ e; our arguments make use of resolvents and are closely related to the Kreiss matrix theorem. As an application of our general result, we show that an explicit N-point Chebyshev collocation approximation of ut = −xux on [−1, 1] is Lax-stable if and only if the time step satisfies k = O(N−2), although eigenvalue analysis would suggest a much weaker restriction of the form k ⩽ CN−1.
Microfluidic Pumping With Optically Induced Actuation of a Carbon Nanotube Membrane

We present the design; fabrication and testing of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic pump with optically induced membrane actuation. The thin membrane consists of a layer of PDMS (100 μm) and a layer of carbon nanotubes (190 nm). An applied infrared laser opto-mechanically activates the film of carbon nanotubes (CNT), leading to membrane deformation and subsequent fluid motion. Photomechanical actuation offers an alternative way to drive microfluidic devices and provides distinct advantages over alternative methods. The advantages include simplistic, low-cost device fabrication, Wireless actuation, remote controllability electrical–mechanical decoupling, low noise and the elimination of electrical circuits. The performance of this pump in terms of pressure head and flow rate is substantially high. In addition, the micro pump is self-priming and insensitive to particles and bubbles in the pumped media.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Vocalizations and relationships of Brown Creepers Certhia americana: a taxonomic mystery

Two taxa of creepers (Certhia spp.) occur in Europe, C. familiaris and its sibling species C. brachydactyla. The North American Brown Creeper was considered a close relative of C. brachydactyla by one author, a close relative of or conspecific with C. familiaris by others, and more recently as a distinct species, C. americana, by the American Ornithologists' Union. Songs of these three creepers are comprised mostly of social calls which are derived from begging calls. Sequence of syllables (syntax) is very conservative in songs of European population of C. familiaris and C. brachydactyla. In contrast, syntax in songs of western North American C. americana is highly variable; however, syllable morphology and syntax in some populations or individuals within populations is remarkably similar to songs of C. brachydactyla, notably from France and Spain. Two social calls and sleeping behaviour of C. americana are also similar to those of C. brachydactyla. Either C. americana and C. brachydactyla are close relatives or they have characters retained from the ancestor common to all three species whereas those in extant C. familiaris have diverged.
Tonically discharging genioglossus motor units show no evidence of rate coding with hypercapnia.

The genioglossus (GG) is considered the principle protrudor muscle of the human tongue. Unlike most skeletal muscles, GG electromyographic (EMG) activities are robustly preserved in sleep and thus ...
Assembly of the Covalent Linkage between Lipoic Acid and Its Cognate Enzymes

Lipoic acid is synthesized from octanoic acid by insertion of sulfur atoms at carbons 6 and 8 and is covalently attached to a pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) subunit. We show that sulfur atoms can be inserted into octanoyl moieties attached to a PDH subunit or a derived domain. Escherichia coli lipB mutants grew well when supplemented with octanoate in place of lipoate. Octanoate growth required both lipoate protein ligase (LplA) and LipA, the sulfur insertion protein, suggesting that LplA attached octanoate to the dehydrogenase and LipA then converted the octanoate to lipoate. This pathway was tested by labeling a PDH domain with deuterated octanoate in an E. coli strain devoid of LipA activity. The labeled octanoyl domain was converted to lipoylated domain upon restoration of LipA. Moreover, octanoyl domain and octanoyl-PDH were substrates for sulfur insertion in vitro.
Expansion of a neutral gas cloud into vacuum

Abstract The problem of the expansion of a finite amount of neutral gas into vacuum is considered in the light of high altitude rocket releases experiments of metal vapor clouds. The spherical shell in the density distribution shown by the experiments is obtained by a computer experiment in which the release takes place over a finite time period. This is related to the actual experiment in the form of an estimate of the chemical reaction time which would lead to a spherical shell.
An adaptable method using human mixed tissue ratiometric controls for benchmarking performance on gene expression microarrays in clinical laboratories

Molecular biomarkers that are based on mRNA transcripts are being developed for the diagnosis and treatment of a number of diseases. DNA microarrays are one of the primary technologies being used to develop classifiers from gene expression data for clinically relevant outcomes. Microarray assays are highly multiplexed measures of comparative gene expression but have a limited dynamic range of measurement and show compression in fold change detection. To increase the clinical utility of microarrays, assay controls are needed that benchmark performance using metrics that are relevant to the analysis of genomic data generated with biological samples. Ratiometric controls were prepared from commercial sources of high quality RNA from human tissues with distinctly different expression profiles and mixed in defined ratios. The samples were processed using six different target labeling protocols and replicate datasets were generated on high density gene expression microarrays. The area under the curve from receiver operating characteristic plots was calculated to measure diagnostic performance. The reliable region of the dynamic range was derived from log2 ratio deviation plots made for each dataset. Small but statistically significant differences in diagnostic performance were observed between standardized assays available from the array manufacturer and alternative methods for target generation. Assay performance using the reliable range of comparative measurement as a metric was improved by adjusting sample hybridization conditions for one commercial kit. Process improvement in microarray assay performance was demonstrated using samples prepared from commercially available materials and two metrics - diagnostic performance and the reliable range of measurement. These methods have advantages over approaches that use a limited set of external controls or correlations to reference sets, because they provide benchmark values that can be used by clinical laboratories to help optimize protocol conditions and laboratory proficiency with microarray assays.
Conformational changes of bacteriorhodopsin detected by Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy

Abstract We report the first Fourier transform infrared difference spectra of purple membrane. Evidence is presented that alterations in the vibrations of both the retinylidene chromophore and the protein groups of bacteriorhodopsin associated with photocycling can be detected. This method provides a new tool for probing the conformational changes occurring in bacteriorhodopsin during the proton pump cycle.
Error bounds for inconsistent linear inequalities and programs

For any system of linear inequalities, consistent or not, the norm of the violations of the inequalities by a given point, multiplied by a condition constant that is independent of the point, bounds the distance between the point and the nonempty set of points that minimize these violations. Similarly, for a dual pair of possibly infeasible linear programs, the norm of violations of primal-dual feasibility and primal-dual objective equality, when multiplied by a condition constant, bounds the distance between a given point and the nonempty set of minimizers of these violations. These results extend error bounds for consistent linear inequalities and linear programs to inconsistent systems.
Name writing and letter knowledge in preschoolers: Incongruities in skills and the usefulness of name writing as a developmental indicator

Abstract In this study, 114 preschoolers (M age = 53 months) completed a battery of literacy assessments to explore the interplay between name writing and letter knowledge in early literacy learners. Name writing was significantly related to children's letter knowledge, and the relationships were moderate to high. However, many children exhibited an incongruity in name writing and name-specific letter-recognition skills (i.e., they could write their names but not recognize the letters in their names, or recognize the letters in their names but not write them). When these two groups were contrasted statistically, the children with superior name-specific letter recognition (but poorer name writing scores) had significantly higher letter knowledge scores than the children with superior name writing scores (but poor name-specific letter-recognition scores). Writing one's name, in itself, did not appear to correspond to a literacy advantage. Thus, with regard to the recommendation that name writing be used as a literacy assessment tool in preschool, the results from this study suggest that name writing should be used as a measure of mechanical skill only and should not be used as a means to assess children's conceptual knowledge (of letter names, letter sounds, or the alphabetic principle).
Predicting human papillomavirus vaccine intentions of college-aged males: an examination of parents' and son's perceptions.

Abstract Objective: To examine male students’ and their parents’ human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine communication in relation to males’ willingness to discuss the vaccine with their health care provider and the likelihood of being vaccinated. Participants: Dyads (n = 111) of students and parents. Methods: Participants completed a HPV vaccine survey based on the risk perception attitude framework in 2009. Results: Male students’ perceived susceptibility for HPV and self-efficacy to talk to their provider were directly related to their intention to discuss the HPV vaccine, and their intention was directly related to their likelihood of being vaccinated. Parents’ perceived self-efficacy to talk to their son and response efficacy of the vaccine were directly related to their intention to talk to their son; however, parents’ intention was not related to the likelihood of their son being vaccinated. Conclusions: College males may benefit from HPV vaccine educational programs that include communication skills tr...
Relational Path Mining in Structured Knowledge

Large sources of structured knowledge are available in many domains, enabling the construction of applications requiring relational knowledge. But in spite of the apparent availability of relational content, the semantics and granularity of these sources don't always match the requirements of specific tasks. Yet even when the coverage of explicit relational knowledge in a source seems inadequate, there may be implicit knowledge in the complete space of relation instances. In this paper, we show that explicit relation instances in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) are insufficient for our task of detecting relations between concepts in Electronic Medical Records. But by mining UMLS for relational paths between pairs of concepts in a training set, then using generalizations of those paths as features in a classifier, we achieve better results on the relation detection task than using state-of-the-art, corpus-based relation extractors. We further show that by combining the mined path-based features with the features used in the corpus-based extractors, we achieve even better performance.
Locality-Aware Mapping of Nested Parallel Patterns on GPUs

Recent work has explored using higher level languages to improve programmer productivity on GPUs. These languages often utilize high level computation patterns (e.g., Map and Reduce) that encode parallel semantics to enable automatic compilation to GPU kernels. However, the problem of efficiently mapping patterns to GPU hardware becomes significantly more difficult when the patterns are nested, which is common in non-trivial applications. To address this issue, we present a general analysis framework for automatically and efficiently mapping nested patterns onto GPUs. The analysis maps nested patterns onto a logical multidimensional domain and parameterizes the block size and degree of parallelism in each dimension. We then add GPU-specific hard and soft constraints to prune the space of possible mappings and select the best mapping. We also perform multiple compiler optimizations that are guided by the mapping to avoid dynamic memory allocations and automatically utilize shared memory within GPU kernels. We compare the performance of our automatically selected mappings to hand-optimized implementations on multiple benchmarks and show that the average performance gap on 7 out of 8 benchmarks is 24%. Furthermore, our mapping strategy outperforms simple 1D mappings and existing 2D mappings by up to 28.6x and 9.6x respectively.
Etiology of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cattle: Effects of Nutritional and Hormonal Status on Hepatic Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein

Abstract We conducted three experiments to determine the effects of nutritional and hormonal status on microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity and mass. In experiment 1, 18 nonlactating Holstein cows, 75 d before expected calving date, in their second gestation or greater were monitored from d 75 to 55 prepartum. Cows were fed a control diet from d 75 to 62 prepartum for covariable measurements. From d 61 to 55 prepartum, six cows continued to receive the control diet, six cows were restricted to 2.3kg of grass hay/d, and six cows were fed the control diet plus 1.8kg of concentrate/ d and 500ml of propylene glycol given 2 times/d as an oral drench. Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were highest in cows that received propylene glycol and lowest in feed restricted cows. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver triglyceride (TG) concentrations were highest in feed restricted cows and not different between cows that received the control diet and cows that received propylene glycol. Hepatic MTP activity and mass were not affected by treatment in experiment 1. In experiment 2, bovine hepatocytes isolated from the caudate process of five preruminating Holstein bull calves were incubated with either 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0m M NEFA for 48h. Intracellular TG increased linearly as NEFA concentration in the media increased. Concentration of NEFA in the incubation media had no effect on MTP activity or mass. There was a quadratic effect of concentration of NEFA in the incubation media on MTP mRNA. In experiment 3, bovine hepatocytes isolated from the caudate process of five preruminating Holstein bull calves were incubated with 2m M [1– 14 C]oleate for 24h to accumulate TG, followed by a 36-h period of TG depletion, during which hepatocytes were incubated with no hormone, 10 n M insulin, or 10 n M glucagon. There was no effect of insulin or glucagon on intracellular TG, MTP activity or mass. Cells incubated with no hormone had higher levels of MTP mRNA compared to cells incubated with insulin or glucagon during the depletion period. Results suggest that hepatic MTP mRNA may be affected by TG accumulation, insulin, and glucagon in vitro. However, hepatic MTP activity and mass are not affected by nutritional status of nonlactating dairy cows, TG accumulation in vitro, or insulin and glucagon in vitro.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Reflection of Vasculitis and Association with Anti-RO(SSA) Antibodies

Twenty-two symptomatic primary Sjogren's syndrome patients with clinical and histologic evidence of skin disease were studied. Purpura and urticaria were the most frequent clinical cutaneous manifestations. Most of these lesions were associated with a leukocyto-clastic angiitis and, less comonly, a mononuclear (lymphocytic) vasculitis. Two main cutaneous syndromes were identified whose clinical, serologic, and histopathologic features were indistinguishable from Walden- strom's benign hypergiobulinemic purpura and hypo-complementemic urticaria-like vasculitis. Eighty-four percent of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients with vasculitis demonstrate-anti-Ro(SSA) antibodies. Thus, purpura and urticaria may reflect cutaneous vasculitis occurring in the clinical setting of Sjogren's syndrome.
FPGA-based SoC for real-time network intrusion detection using counting bloom filters

Computers face an ever increasing number of threats from hackers, viruses and other malware; effective Network Intrusion Detection (NID) before a threat affects end-user machines is critical for both financial and national security. As the number of threats and network speeds increase (over 1 gigabit/sec), users of conventional software based NID methods must choose between protection or higher data rates.
Extreme values of exponentially autocorrelated sequences

The statistics of extreme values of autocorrelated sequences often forms an important aspect of the analysis of numerous physical phenomena. This study examines the statistical behavior of the extreme values of three different types of sequences, each of which has an exponential-type autocorrelation function. Computer experiments are used to investigate the distribution function and the moments of the maximum value of each of these sequences. The effects of varying degrees of autocorrelation, and other parameters such as the length of the underlying sequence, are also studied and quantified.
Nuclear relaxation and anisotropic molecular reorientation of o-dichlorobenzene

Abstract Proton recovery curves are reported for nonselective 180°-τ-90°-FT spin-lattice relaxation of a dilute solution of o-dichlorobenzene in carbon disulfide. An exact density matrix analysis, combined with measured13C relaxation rates, is used to obtain the principal reorientational correlation times. Differences between these values and those found previously for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene in the same solvent can be rationalized in terms of molecular shape. Exact density matrix calculations of proton relaxation are compared with an approximate treatment in which dipolar cross correlation and nonlinear mixing effects of strong pulses are ignored. It is shown that simple formulae arising from the approximate treatment successfully account for the average relaxation rate of a given multiplet, but fail to account for differential relaxation of lines within a multiplet.
Managing and Treating the Atrophic Mandible

Changes in age and disease patterns suggest that in the near future complete denture wearers will be older and have worn dentures for a longer time, but will also be more physically fragile. Some diagnostic issues related to support problems for mandibular complete dentures are evaluated and treatment modes suggested.
Determination of carbonyl acids formed upon periodate oxidation. II. Analysis of various carbonyl acid precursors.

Abstract An analysis has been made of the time course for appearance of carbonyl acids from certain compounds as a function of incubation time in acid periodate. Sugar acids, phosphorylated sugar acids, glycerate, tartronic semialdehyde, and tartrate yield theoretical quantities of glyoxylate upon periodate oxidation by the particular procedure employed. Reduction with sodium borohydride prior to periodate oxidation of 2-ketogluconate, hydroxypyruvate and α-acetolactate makes possible the quantitative determination of these compounds in the presence of large excesses of carbonyl acids. The production of glyoxylate from ketoses has been studied. Disaccharides containing 1,4-linked hexoses are oxidized to one mole of glyoxylate per mole of sugar. Two moles of glyoxylate are obtained per mole of aldobionic acid oxidized. Periodate oxidation of sugar acid lactones has been shown to result in small excesses of glyoxylate formed as a result of an “overoxidation” reaction of periodate. The production of small amounts of glyoxylate during the periodate oxidation of hexoses has been studied. Reduction with sodium borohydride prior to periodate oxidation greatly reduces the glyoxylate yield from sugars. The periodate oxidation of ascorbic acid has been shown to yield an almost theoretical quantity of glyoxylate. Some applications of the assay procedure to biological systems have been discussed.
Möbius transformations of convex mappings II

For the class of functions referred to in the title, this article finds the Koebe disk, the radius of convexity, and sharp estimates for the coefficient functional for t in a certain interval.