cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infant HPA axis as a potential mechanism linking maternal mental health and infant telomere length

Maternal depression has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for both dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) functioning and shorter telomere length in offspring. In contrast, research suggests that individual differences in mindfulness may act as a protective factor against one's own telomere degradation. Currently, research has yet to investigate the association between longitudinal changes in maternal mental health (depressive symptoms and mindfulness) and salivary infant telomere length, and whether such changes might be mediated by alterations in infant cortisol response. In 48 mother-infant dyads, we investigated whether the changes in maternal mental health, when infants were 6-12 months of age, predicted change in infant cortisol reactivity and recovery over this period. We also investigated whether these changes in infant HPA functioning predicted subsequent infant salivary telomere length at 18 months of age. Furthermore, we investigated whether change in infant HPA functioning provided a potential pathway between changes in maternal mental health factors and infant salivary telomere length. Analyses revealed that increases in maternal depressive symptoms over that six-month period indirectly related to subsequent shorter infant telomere length through increased infant cortisol reactivity. Implications for the ways in which maternal mental health can impact offspring stress mechanisms related to aging and disease trajectories are discussed.
Unintelligibility or Defeat: The Issue of Engagement in Philosophical Debates

A recognition of the acutely terministic and agonistic character of philosophizing has led to the perception of a dilemma in philosophical debates: differing positions are capable of being maintained only at the expense of ‘mutual unintelligibility,’ and a real ‘contact of minds’ could never be achieved without one side of the controversy abandoning its position and the enabling argumentative tension ceasing to exist. This perception is sustainable, however, only if we continue to accept the assumption that a direct, unmediated confrontation between disputants personifying two sets of rigidly defined terms is the mode of philosophical argumentation. A triadic rather than diadic conception of a typical debate between opposing schools of thought, which differentiates between the opponent and the audience, would address the theoretical misgivings caused by the perceived predicament.
Discrimination of nicotine content in electronic cigarettes.

Abstract Introduction Behavioral discrimination of nicotine has only recently been assessed in humans, administered mostly by nasal spray before the newly available Spectrum research cigarettes differing in nicotine content. Here we wanted to explore applicability of these procedures to assess discrimination of nicotine administered by e-cigarettes. Methods In this feasibility study, 16 adult smokers were tested on ability to discriminate e-cigarettes with nicotine concentrations of 36, 24, and 12 mg/ml, one per session (in that order), from a placebo (0 mg/ml), each identified only by letter code. Reliable discrimination was defined by accurately identifying which was which (i.e. nicotine vs placebo) on >85% of trials (i.e. ≥7 of 8; p Results Discrimination from placebo was shown with 36 mg/ml and with 24 mg/ml nicotine in 15 of 16 subjects, but only 10 discriminated placebo from 12 mg/ml nicotine. Subjective items previously related to acute nicotine exposure (“how much nicotine”, “head rush/buzzed” on 0–100 VAS) generally showed nicotine concentration-dependent effects, as expected, but so did “throat irritation”. Conclusions Preliminary results confirm feasibility of using our behavioral procedure to assess ability to discriminate nicotine administered via these e-cigarettes, broadening generalizability of this procedure beyond nicotine via nasal spray and smoked tobacco cigarettes. Findings also suggest its applicability with testing discrimination of nicotine via other methods of rapid dosing (e.g., hookah, novel products), including the newer e-cigarette products. Further study with larger samples may identify individual difference and other factors influencing nicotine discrimination administered via e-cigarettes and other products.
Research compliance: entering Phase II

Conducting human subject research is a scary scenario for investigators, institutional review boards (IRBs), and institutions in light of increasing scrutiny from government entities. The scrutiny is due, in part, to recent media coverage of patients who were harmed while participating in research. Oversight of research activities has increased drastically; for those failing to comply with the vast and complex network of legal and regulatory requirements, the consequences are severe. In the past few years, the federal Office for Human Research Protection (OHRP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have suspended the authority to conduct research at a growing number of well-known institutions (Table). In addition, noncompliance has resulted in the withdrawal of funding from investigators and, in at least one case, fines and a prison sentence (1). Table Research operations suspended by the Office for Human Research Protection or Food and Drug Administration The current environment has motivated organizations involved in human research to create and implement research compliance programs to reduce risks. Both institutions and investigators may benefit from these compliance efforts. An effective research compliance program is one that identifies legal and regulatory problems, corrects deficiencies, and assists in preventing future problems. For a research compliance program to be effective, certain basic elements must be in place, including established standards of conduct in research, training, disciplinary procedures, auditing, monitoring, and corrective action. With an effective compliance program, the risks for both human subjects and research personnel are greatly reduced.
Mental Illness and Psychiatric Aspect of Violence

This article focuses on physical violence by persons who have mental illnesses that cause or contribute to their violence. It describes how patterns of violence are related to various types of mental disorders. Violence is more frequent in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders, some personality disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, and some medical disorders. Factors that increase the potential for violence are described here since clinicians are often called upon to made decisions at the risk of violence, particularly in the short-term, for the purpose of planning treatment, for example, hospitalization. The emergency management of violence by patients and the long-term treatment of violent psychiatric patients are discussed.
Metabolomics in Asthma

Asthma and airway inflammation are responses to infectious stimuli and the mechanisms of how they are mediated, whether by the innate or adaptive immune response systems, are complex and results in a broad spectrum of possible metabolic products. In principle, a syndrome such as asthma should have a characteristic temporal-spatial metabolic signature indicative of its current state and the constituents that caused it. Generally, the term metabolomics refers to the quantitative analysis of sets of small compounds from biological samples with molecular masses less than 1 kDa so unambiguous identification can be difficult and usually requires sophisticated instrumentation. The practical success of clinical metabolomics will largely hinge on a few key issues such as the ability to capture a readily available biofluid that can be analyzed to identify metabolite biomarkers with the required sensitivity and specificity in a cost-effective manner in a clinical setting. In this chapter, we review the current state of the metabolomics of asthma and airway inflammation with a focus on the different methods and instrumentation being used for the discovery of biomarkers in research and their future translation into the clinic as diagnostic aids for the choice of patient-specific therapies.
Northeastern Conifer Research: Multiple Species and Multiple Values

The northern conifer, or spruce-fir, forest of the northeastern USA and adjacent Canada has had a defining influence on the economy and culture of the region. The same can be said of the USDA Forest Service’s research in this forest, which began more than 100 years ago. Forest Service research has evolved since that time in response to changes in the needs and prominence of the forest industry, and in public attitudes and concerns. Early studies of forest protection and rehabilitation first gave way to mid-century research on production forestry, then to twenty-first-century research on forest ecology. Though various lines of research have come and gone, long-term studies on the region’s experimental forests continue to provide a unique perspective on the structure and dynamics of the forest, and the outcomes of silvicultural alternatives.
The Role of Learning in the Aggressive and Reproductive Behavior of Blue Gouramis, Trichogaster trichopterus

Like countless other vertebrates and even many invertebrates, blue gouramis, Trichogaster trichopterus, a freshwater tropical fish, can learn to associate environmental cues with the appearance of biologically important events. Research with blue gouramis reveals that this capacity for learning, which psychologists call Pavlovian conditioning, provides the means to enhance their territorial defense as well as reap large reproductive benefits. That is, males are able to defend their territories more efficiently when the appearance of a rival is signaled than when territorial invasion is less predictable. Not only does signaling enable Pavlovian-conditioned males to mount a more aggressive defense of their territories than males that do not have the benefit of signaling, but it helps them to concentrate their efforts at times when, or places where, the territory is most vulnerable. In addition, both males and females can learn to anticipate the appearance of a mate. Signaling of female accessibility enables Pavlovian-conditioned males to attenuate their initial aggressive response to arriving females without compromising their territorial defense. More important, when the arrival of a potential mate is signaled, Pavlovian-conditioned males are able to spawn with females sooner, clasp females more often, and produce more young than males that do not have the benefit of a signal. The ability of blue gouramis, among many other fish, to anticipate the appearance of such different biologically important events suggests that Pavlovian conditioning may play a significant role in their behavioral ecology. In addition, conditioning may provide a useful tool in several practical domains, including animal husbandry, zoological management, and conservation biology.
Implikationen und Schlussfolgerung

Diese Arbeit untersucht, wann Unternehmen mit Universitaten in F&E kooperieren, wie die Performance in solchen Forschungskooperationen gemessen werden kann bzw. welche Eigenschaften auf der Seite des Unternehmens die Performance erklaren. Sie lasst sich dabei einem vergleichweise jungen Literaturstrang zuordnen, welcher ausgehend von einem verstarkten Interesse sowohl von Unternehmen (→ CE) bzw. Universitaten (→ AE) die standig zunehmende Anzahl an Verbindungen zwecks Wissens- und Technologietransfer zwischen diesen beiden Institutionen zu erklaren versucht. In diese vergleichsweise neue Forschungsrichtung, die letztlich auf der endogenen Wachstumstheorie basiert, fliesen Erklarungsansatze aus verschiedensten Theorierichtungen ein, wodurch sich ein interdisziplinares, eklektisches und vielseitiges Forschungsfeld zu UI Verbindungen zwecks UI KTT herausgebildet hat.
Capacity to provide informed consent among adults with bipolar disorder.

Abstract Background Identifying correlates of capacity to provide informed consent among individuals with bipolar disorder is essential for patient protection. As part of a clinical trial involving approved, standard treatments, we investigated relationships between clinical characteristics and capacity to provide informed consent in adults with bipolar disorder using the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR). After administering the MacCAT-CR, continuing participants in the trial were capable of and provided informed consent. Methods Trained, board-certified psychiatrists administered the MacCAT-CR to potential study participants (N = 50) after they provided informed consent, but prior to initiation of study procedures. Results Higher Schedule for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) scores were significantly correlated with worse MacCAT-CR Understanding and Appreciation (p Limitations The MacCAT-CR identifies areas where participants need explanation. However, there is not a predetermined score to indicate understanding of study procedures and therefore input from a trained clinician is needed to determine capacity to provide informed consent. Conclusions Our findings suggest that certain measures of illness severity are associated with lower levels of capacity to provide informed consent among adults with bipolar disorder. This study provides important information for clinicians and researchers to consider when obtaining informed consent in this population.
Opportunities Highlighted By the NSOSA Study

NOAA has conducted a study, the NOAA Satellite Observing System Architecture (NSOSA) study, to plan for the future operational environmental satellite system that will follow GOES-R and JPSS, beginning about 2028. This is an opportunity to design a modern architecture by broadly examining instruments, platforms, orbits, etc., but driven by user needs, new technology, and exploiting emerging space business models. The NSOSA study team has developed and evaluated nearly 100 constellation alternatives, gathered into several major alternative architectures, to include partner and commercial contributions that are likely to become available. The measurement objectives include both functional needs and strategic characteristics (e.g., resiliency, flexibility, responsiveness, sustainability). This paper discusses key analytic outputs from the study and highlights opportunities to improve affordability and to rebalance capabilities in the future.
Changes in Pharmacists' Perceptions After a Training in Opioid Misuse and Accidental Overdose Prevention.

INTRODUCTION Continuing education is needed for health professionals to take an active role in reversing the opioid crisis. This report describes the results of training to promote behavioral change by altering pharmacists' perceptions toward opioid misuse through the provision of content-related education. METHODS A free 3-hour opioid misuse and overdose prevention training program was developed and delivered to 43 community pharmacists. The training consisted of five modules addressing the disease of addiction, risks associated with opioids and accidental overdose, the role of naloxone, opioid dispensing and consultation pearls, and effective ways to communicate with patients about opioids. A paired analysis was performed from a 12-item survey delivered before and after the training program to assess changes in pharmacists' perception. RESULTS Five items showed a statistically significant (P < .05) change in perceptions after the training. Significant changes were reported for opioid addiction being outside the control of the affected person, the role of family history in prescription drug abuse, the value of counseling to support patients at risk of prescription opioid abuse, the value of screening tools, and the importance of viewing things from the patient's perspective. Correlation analysis identified that pharmacists' views on their role in the fight against the opioid epidemic and their agreement in the value to screen for opioid misuse were most closely related to the desire for behavioral change. DISCUSSION A training program influenced pharmacists' attitudes and perceptions about targeted behaviors and associated with the value of screening for opioid misuse or overdose risk and counseling patients about the benefits and risks of opioids.
Business, Owner, and Regional Characteristics in Latino-owned Business Growth: An Empirical Analysis Using Confidential Census Microdata:

This article uses over 100,000 observations from limited-access and nationally representative US Census Bureau microdata sets to test determinants of employment growth among Latino-owned businesses...
Aortic Microsomal Prostacyclin Synthesis During Diet Induced Hypercholesterolemia

Atherosclerosis was induced in male rabbits with administration of a 2% cholesterol diet up to 18 weeks and assessed for aortic microsomal prostanoid synthesis, morphologic assessment and serum cholesterol levels. Serum levels of cholesterol increased from control values of 84±9 ng/dl to 1632±227 ng/dl at 2 weeks (20 fold increase), and 4859±829 ng/dl at 9 weeks (57 fold increase). Aortic microsomal prostacyclin synthesis fell significantly at 2 weeks of cholesterol feeding which, predated the morphologic appearance of atherosclerotic plaque in the 7 week group. Aortic microsomal PGI2 synthesis significantly increased by 7 weeks and did not fall until the 18 week group when a highly significant increase in aortic plaque developed. These findings suggest a triphasic response of aortic PGI2 synthesis with the development of early atherosclerosis. Phase one is a fall in aortic PGI2 synthesis which predates the appearance of plaque. In phase 2, a significant rise in aortic PGI2 with the appearance of plaque could represent compensation of aortic endothelium to prevent further plaque development. In phase 3, decreased aortic PGI2 could indicate replacement of normal endothelium by atherosclerotic plaque. Aortic microsomes prepared from the female rabbits fed a cholesterol enriched diet up to 12 weeks demonstrated results similar to the male groups.
Stakeholder assessment of coastal risks and mitigation strategies

Abstract Perceptions of coastal hazards and risks and support for mitigation strategies among three different stakeholder groups (experts, businesses, and community members) are compared and analyzed in Waikiki, Hawaii. A justification for research on Waikiki, a world renown tourist destination and its relevance to other coastal communities is provided. It is shown that the three groups perceive risks, such as hurricanes, storm surge, erosion, tsunamis, and other natural and man-made hazards, differently which in turn influences support for mitigation strategies such as sea walls, beach nourishment, elevating or relocating at-risk structures and the preferences as to who should pay for risk reduction strategies. Data were analyzed using basic inferential statistics, GLM regression and correspondence analysis. Correspondence analysis is a novel technique for studying the relationships between stakeholder attributes (demographic, political, etc.) and the level of support for coastal interventions. The implications for researchers, engineers and coastal planners working in at-risk coastal communities are described.
Real-time emission spectrum of a hybrid atom-optomechanical cavity

We theoretically investigate the real-time emission spectrum of a two-level atom coupled to an optomechanical cavity (OMC). Using the quantum trajectory approach, we obtain the single-photon time-dependent spectrum in this hybrid system where the influences of a strong atom-cavity coupling and a strong optomechanical interaction are studied. We find that a dressed state picture can explain the spectra by predicting the exact peak locations, as well as the relative peak heights. In our analysis, we also include the effect of mechanical losses (under the weak mechanical damping limit) and single-photon loss through spontaneous emission from the two-level emitter.
Abstract 2017: Blocking ErbB-c-Met-FAK signaling axis suppresses brain metastasis of breast cancer

Background: Brain metastasis is associated with the leading cause of cancer related death and worse quality of life in the breast cancer (BC) patients. Among different molecular subtypes, ErbB2-positive patients show highest incidences of brain metastases. Inability of trastuzumab to cross blood-brain barrier and altered phenotype of metastasizing cells lead to poor therapeutic outcome in ErbB2-positive BC brain metastatic patients. In this regard, new approaches are warranted to overcome challenges associated with brain metastasis. Experimental design:To understand the molecular expression profile in ErbB2+BC brain metastasis, we compared RNA-Seq expression data of ErbB2+ BC brain-seeking cell line (SKBR3-BrM3) to its parental cell line. Highly expressed targets, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were selected for therapeutic intervention. In vitroanalysis of combination therapies was performed using parental and their brain seeking derivative BC cell lines. Neratinib in combination with c-Met inhibitor (Cabozantinib) or FAK inhibitor (PF-573,228) was tested in Hu-ErbB2-postive transgenic (Tg)-mouse derived organoids and in orthotopic nude mouse models. Results: RNA-Seq data revealed that ErbB2 expression is substantially decreased in ErbB2+ BC brain seeking SKBR3-BrM3 cell line as compared to its parental counterpart SKBR3 cell line. In contrast, EGFR, c-Met and their downstream target, FAK are significantly upregulated in SKBR3-BrM3 cell line, suggesting their role in brain metastasis. Altered expression of these selected targets was further validated by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. When tested in combination with FDA approved EGFR inhibitor neratinib, both c-Met or FAK inhibitor synergistically inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of metastatic cell lines as observed in colony formation assay and invasion assays, respectively. In addition, the combinational therapy showed efficacy in various preclinical models of breast cancer brain metastasis. Conclusions:These studies conclude that EGFR, c-Met, and FAK are potential targets in ErbB2-positive brain metastasis. These studies also demonstrate that FDA approved drugs such as Neratinib or c-Met inhibitor and preclinical FAK-inhibitor in different combinations could be used as a novel preventive strategy to attenuate breast cancer brain metastasis. Citation Format: Shailendra K. Gautam, Ranjana Kanchan, Pranita Atri, Jawed Siddiqui, Sanchita Rauth, Sidharth Mahapatra, Maneesh Jain, Ponnusamy P. Moorthy, Ravi Salgia, Vimla Band, Surinder K. Batra, Mohd W. Nasser. Blocking ErbB-c-Met-FAK signaling axis suppresses brain metastasis of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2017.
Multicenter evaluation of arsenic trioxide dosing in obese patients with low-intermediate risk acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by responsiveness to chemotherapy and differentiating agents [1]. The current standard of care for the ...
An Efficient Algorithm for Molecular Density Functional Theory in Cylindrical Geometry: Application to Interfacial Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (iSAFT)

In this work we present an efficient numerical algorithm for the solution of molecular density functional theory (DFT) in cylindrical geometry to facilitate the study of how curvature affects the m...
Resveratrol for protection against statin toxicity in C2C12 and H9c2 cells.

Statins are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of high blood cholesterol. Myotoxicity of statins in certain individuals is often a severe side effect leading to withdrawal. Using C2C12 and H9c2 cells, both exhibiting characteristics of skeletal muscle cells, we addressed whether resveratrol (RSV) can prevent statin toxicity. Statins decreased cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. Among the five statins tested, atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin, simvastatin is the most toxic one. Simvastatin at 10 µM caused about 65% loss of metabolic activity as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays in C2C12 cells or H9c2 cells. Inhibition of metabolic activity correlates with an increase in caspase activity. RSV was found to protect H9c2 cells from simvastatin-induced activation of caspase-3/7. However, such protection was not found in C2C12 cells. This cell type-dependent effect of RSV adds to the complexity in muscle cell toxicity of statins.
Caesar: Segment-Wise Alignment Method for Solving Discontinuous Deformations

Images obtained from serial section electron microscopy can contain defects that create discontinuous tissue deformation. Fixing such defects during image registration is especially challenging, as classical block matching registration techniques assume smooth motion within each block, and ConvNet based registration techniques must rely on smoothness assumption during training. We propose Caesar, a divide-and-conquer technique that breaks registered images into segments, such that most of discontinuity is confined to segment boundaries. Then, we align the segments independently and stitch the results back together. We provide extensive experimental evaluation on brain tissue serial section microscopy data that shows that segment-wise alignment reduces the average misalignment area around defects by 6-10x.
Predicting Alignment Distances via Continuous Sequence Matching

Sequence comparison is the basis of various applications in bioinformatics. Recently, the increase in the number and length of sequences has allowed us to extract more and more accurate information from the data. However, the premise of obtaining such information is that we can compare a large number of long sequences accurately and quickly. Neither the traditional dynamic programming-based algorithms nor the alignment-free algorithms proposed in recent years can satisfy both the requirements of accuracy and speed. Recently, in order to meet the requirements, researchers have proposed a data-dependent approach to learn sequence embeddings, but its capability is limited by the structure of its embedding function. In this paper, we propose a new embedding function specifically designed for biological sequences to map sequences into embedding vectors. Combined with the neural network structure, we can adjust this embedding function so that it can be used to quickly and reliably predict the alignment distance between sequences. We illustrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method on various types of amplicon sequences. More importantly, our experiment on full length 16S rRNA sequences shows that our approach would lead to a general model that can quickly and reliably predict the pairwise alignment distance of any pair of full-length 16S rRNA sequences with high accuracy. We believe such a model can greatly facilitate large scale sequence analysis.
Axial Elongation of Caudalized Human Organoids Mimics Neural Tube Development

Abstract Axial elongation of the neural tube is critical during mammalian embryogenesis to establish the anterior-posterior body axis1, but this process is difficult to interrogate directly because it occurs post-implantation2,3. Here we report an organoid model of neural tube extension by caudalized human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) aggregates that recapitulates the morphologic and temporal gene expression patterns of neural tube development. Axially extending organoids consisting largely of longitudinally elongated neuroepithelial compartments also contained TBXT(+)SOX2(+) neuromesodermal progenitors, PAX6(+)nestin(+) neural progenitor populations, and MEOX1(+) paraxial mesoderm populations. Wnt agonism stimulated singular axial extensions in a dose-dependent manner, and elongated organoids displayed regionalized rostral-caudal HOX gene expression, with spatially distinct hindbrain (HOXB1) expression from brachial (HOXC6) and thoracic (HOXB9) regions. CRISPR-interference-mediated silencing of the TBXT, a downstream Wnt target, increased neuroepithelial compartmentalization and resulted in multiple extensions per aggregate. Further, knock-down of BMP inhibitors, Noggin and Chordin, induced elongation phenotypes that mimicked murine knockout models. These results indicate the potent morphogenic capacity of caudalized hPSC organoids to undergo axial elongation in a manner that can be used to dissect the cellular organization and patterning decisions that dictate early nervous system development in humans.
Are Reference Rules Inessential to Meaning

This article responds to a case-based argument by Mark Richard that rule of reference is not essential to meaning. It objects that the argument requires shifting between understanding the relevant term in the case, ‘marriage,’ as a determinable, in order to support one premise, and a determinate, in order to support another. On no univocal interpretation can both premises be made true.
Technology-Enhanced Dialogic Reading Experiences for Children With Developmental Disabilities:

This manuscript describes an early childhood educator working collaboratively with a speech language pathologist and using an augmentative and alternative (AAC) device (iPad™ application) to label ...
Synthesis, Purification, and Rotational Spectroscopy of (Cyanomethylene)Cyclopropane-An Isomer of Pyridine.

The gas-phase rotational spectrum of (cyanomethylene)cyclopropane, (CH2)2C═CHCN, generated by a Wittig reaction between the hemiketal of cyclopropanone and (cyanomethylene)triphenylphosphorane, is presented for the first time. This small, highly polar nitrile is a cyclopropyl-containing structural isomer of pyridine. The rotational spectra of the ground state and two vibrationally excited states were observed, analyzed, and least-squares fit from 130 to 360 GHz. Over 3900 R-, P-, and Q-branch, ground-state rotational transitions were fit to low-error, partial octic, A- and S-reduced Hamiltonians, providing precise determinations of the spectroscopic constants. The two lowest-energy vibrationally excited states, ν17 and ν27, form a Coriolis-coupled dyad displaying small a- and b-type resonances. Transitions for these two states were measured and least-squares fit to a two-state, partial octic, A-reduced Hamiltonian in the Ir representation with nine Coriolis-coupling terms (Ga, GaJ, GaK, GaJJ, Fbc, FbcJ, FbcK, Gb, and GbJ). The observation of many resonant transitions and nine nominal interstate transitions enabled a very accurate and precise energy difference between ν17 and ν27 to be determined: ΔE17,27 = 29.8975453 (33) cm-1. The spectroscopic constants presented herein provide the foundation for future astronomical searches for (cyanomethylene)cyclopropane.
Generalized self-efficacy and compliance with health behaviours related to COVID-19 in the US.

Objective Investigate the role of generalized self-efficacy (GSE) in compliance with COVID-19 health behaviours such as wearing masks and social distancing. Design Two studies conducted online in the US: 312 adults in Study 1 and 253 adults in Study 2. Main outcome measures In Study 1, participants reported compliance with four health behaviours related to COVID-19: social distancing, hand washing, avoiding non-essential travel, and wearing masks. In Study 2, participants reported expected compliance with wearing masks when it was framed as a national requirement, a state requirement, or a recommendation. Results In Study 1, GSE positively affected reported compliance with COVID-19 health behaviours. This result was mediated by the perception that these behaviours would offer enhanced control. Psychological reactance negatively affected reported compliance, while trust in science-based institutions and perceived threat from COVID-19 exerted positive effects. In Study 2, requiring (vs. recommending) masks led to higher willingness to comply with COVID-19 health behaviours. This was moderated by GSE, which significantly impacted compliance only when masks were required rather than recommended. Conclusion Higher GSE predicted increased compliance with health behaviours related to COVID-19, such as wearing masks. This effect was strongest when these behaviours were framed as required rather than recommended.
American Radiologists at a Crossroad

This essay is another in a series of challenges to Radiology as a specialty, specifically as a challenge to the prospective employment characteristics of American radiologists. I think that because of a conjunction of compelling if seemingly disparate events the moment is now so unique with engaging prospects but also with foreboding that I need to comment about it in a summative way. But I will assume the role of Cassandra in this forum (for the last time, at least for awhile) before once again paying attention to more pleasant radiology-related matters.
Effect of Immunosuppressive Agents on Normal Phage-neutralizing Antibody in the Mouse

The actions of three immunosuppressive drugs on normal antibody synthesis in the adult mouse were determined. Inbred mice were given daily intraperitoneal injections of actinomycin D, uracil mustard, or cyclophosphamide for extended periods. The sera of treated and untreated mice were assayed for phage-neutralizing activity to monitor the effect of each drug on the amount of circulating normal antibody. Except for an initial decrease in titer of normal anti-phage MSP2 activity, actinomycin D had no significant effect on normal antibody activity. Uracil mustard caused alternating elevation and depression of normal antibody titers. Cyclophosphamide caused a prolonged depression of normal antibody. The response patterns to the three immunosuppressive agents were the same for both induced and normal antibody.
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MOUSE PROTEIN KINASE THAT IS HIGHLY HOMOLOGOUS TO HUMAN INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE

Abstract Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a recently identified human protein kinase that has been implicated in integrin-mediated signal transduction and tumorigenesis. We have identified a mouse molecule that is highly homologous to human ILK. The mouse ILK homologue protein is readily recognized by antibodies raised against the human ILK protein, and the gene encoding the mouse ILK homologue is widely expressed in mouse tissues. The mouse ILK homologue gene has been mapped to chromosome 7E1 band. A second locus in the mouse chromosome 9E1–3 region has also been detected with a mouse ILK homologue cDNA probe by fluorescence in situ hybridization, suggesting the possible existence of an ILK pseudo-gene or a family of ILK genes in the mouse.
Evidence of Placental Transfer of Acetaminophen

Various surveys have shown that pregnant women frequently take mild analgesics. The most widely used nonprescription analgesics are aspirin, acetaminophen, and its precursor phenacetin. Acetaminophen has been detected in the urine of ten out of 250 women attending an antenatal clinic in Australia. 1 We have recently studied and reported on the kinetics of salicylate elimination by newborn infants of mothers who ingested aspirin before delivery, either in single small doses 2 or regularly in large doses. 3
The sublanguage of cross-coverage.

Abstract At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, free-text "Signout" notes are typed into the electronic record by clinicians for the purpose of cross-coverage. We plan to "unlock" information about adverse events contained in these notes in a subsequent project using Natural Language Processing (NLP). To better understand the requirements for parsing, Signout notes were compared to other common medical notes (ambulatory clinic notes and discharge summaries) on a series of quantitative metrics. They are shorter (mean length 59.25 words vs. 144.11 and 340.85 for ambulatory and discharge notes respectively) and use more abbreviations (26.88% vs. 20.07% and 3.57%). Despite being terser, Signout notes use less ambiguous abbreviations (8.34% vs. 9.09% and 18.02%). Differences were found using Relative Entropy and Squared Chi-square Distance in a novel fashion to compare these medical corpora. Signout notes appear to constitute a unique sublanguage of medicine. The implications for parsing free-text cross-coverage notes into coded medical data are discussed.
Protecting Vehicular Cloud against malicious nodes using zone authorities

Vehicle's resources, sensors and in-vehicle's technologies allow it to collect data about its status, driver, surrounding vehicles, roads, etc. Recently, Vehicular Cloud (VC) has emerged as a promising technology that utilizes vehicle's underutilized devices and their data as a main source of decisions for clients such as intelligent transportation system, automakers, third part applications, business companies and others. However, malicious nodes may take advantages of VC weak protection and present threats to their data, resources and services. We study the problem of the malicious nodes in VC and we propose a secure framework that leverages keys management and revocation mechanisms to protect VC against malicious nodes. The framework uses multiple zone authorities, where each one controls a zone (area) consists of road side units (RSUs), vehicles and the clients at that zone. Each zone authority works as a gateway that authenticates the operations of that zone, controls the services' requested and the data flow, and finally preserves the privacy of the vehicles, the clients and the cloud entities involved. Revocation mechanisms are used to generate revoked lists of malicious vehicles and clients implemented using skip lists. The framework efficiently prevents malicious nodes from using the vehicular cloud in light, secure and efficient way.
Sensory Transduction Mechanisms

Sensory transduction mechanisms function to translate sensory signals from the external environment into responses by the organism. Keywords: mechanosensation; osmosensation; phototransduction; olfaction; gustation
National Trends in the Use of Inpatient Hospitalization for Combined Abdominoplasty and Breast Surgery

BACKGROUND: Combined procedures involving elective breast surgery at the time of abdominoplasty are frequently performed procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery. While found to be safe outpatient procedures, many surgeons elect to perform combined abdominoplasty/breast surgery as inpatient surgery. This study was performed to explore the practice of performing the combined procedure as an inpatient in the United States. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was evaluated using ICD-9CM procedural codes to identify hospitalizations where patients underwent abdominoplasty combined with breast surgery. We trended the frequency of this combined procedure, and evaluated the rate of acute post-operative complications, length of inpatient hospitalization, and total hospital charges. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2011, 29,235 combined abdominoplasty/breast procedures were performed as inpatient in United States. The rate of major post-operative complications in the acute hospitalization period was 1.12% and included CVA (0.02%), respiratory failure (0.6%), pneumonia (0.3%), VTE (0.1%), and myocardial infarction (0.1%). Hospitalization averaged 1.8 days and resulted in $31,177 of hospital charges. The demographics of the combined procedure transitioned as i) frequency of inpatient surgeries decreased, ii) percent of patients >50 yr increased, and iii) hospital charges increased from 2004 to 2011. CONCLUSION: A significant number of surgeons are performing combined abdominoplasty and elective breast surgery as inpatient procedures in United States. The combined surgery is safe but is associated with small risk of major post-operative complications. A short inpatient hospitalization may be beneficial for high-risk patients interested in combined procedures, but must be analyzed against the rising costs of inpatient surgery.
Mode-cut optical limiting in polymer fibers with DR1/PMMA cores

The principle of mode-cut optical limiting in fibers is reviewed briefly, and a calculation method based on angular spectrum analysis is proposed. Experiments that show high efficiency holographic grating generation and self defocusing in disperse-red-1 (DR1) doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (DR1/PMMA) bulk material suggest that it is a good candidate to be used as a core material in polymer fibers to achieve mode-cut optical limiting. Such fibers are fabricated in our lab and its optical limiting effect is reported.
Performance of radon control systems

Abstract Of five types of radon control techniques installed in seven New Jersey houses with basements, systems based on subsurface ventilation (SSV) by depressurization were the most effective and suitable for the long-term reduction of indoor radon levels. Small seasonal variations in substructure radon levels were observed in several houses while SSV systems were operating and may be due, in part, to changes in substructure ventilation rates from below 0.2 h−1 to approximately 0.4 h−1. Effective permeabilities for near-house materials measured at SSV pipes were an order of magnitude larger (geometric mean (GM) of 4.1 × 10−9m2) than the permeabilities of surrounding soils (GM of 1.5 × 10−10m2). Below-grade substructure surfaces appeared to have large air leakage areas as indicated by high entrainment fractions (0.41–0.92) of basement air in SSV exhausts. These leakage areas probably increased the effective permeabilities and influenced SSV flows and pressure field extensions. By sealing accessible leakage openings, greater depressurization below the slab during SSV operation was achieved in several houses, although indoor radon levels were not affected. In two houses, heating and cooling air distribution equipment caused additional substructure depressurizations ranging from 1.1 Pa to 5.4 Pa, but did not compromise radon reduction by SSV systems. Installation costs for SSV systems averaged $2270, while estimated annual energy costs to operate fan-driven radon control systems ranged from $85 for houses with oil heating to $250 for electrically heated houses.
Everyday ethics of dementia care in nursing homes: A definition and taxonomy

Too often the attention of formalized ethical decision making in health care settings turns to hard to deal with life and death issues. Consequently, consideration of the ethical aspects of ordinary everyday issues affecting nursing home residents with dementia and those who care for them remains limited. The purpose of this twoyear anthropological study was to develop a taxonomy of commonplace ethical issues, taking into account resident, family member, and nursing home staff member points of view. This paper defines the guiding concept of everyday ethics as it has been used in the research and describes the taxonomy, of which there are four domains:• Learning the limits of intervention;• Tempering the culture of surveillance and restraint;• Preserving the integrity of the individual; and• Defining community norms and values.Discussion considers the usefulness of the taxonomy as a framework for thinking about what may be involved in understanding the ethics of the ordinary and resolving common types of i...
Identification of an elusive catalyst: IrH(η2-C6H4PtBu2) (Cl)(PtBu2Ph) as a precursor for C=C bond migration

The catalytic isomerization of allylbenzene to cis/trans-β-Me styrene in solutions containing Ir(III) hydride halide, hydrido hydroxide and hydrido alkoxide Ir(H)2X(PtBu2Ph)2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I, OH, OCH2CF3) is described. Large variations in isomerization rate (kobs) are found to correlate with the electron donating ability (π + σ) of the X ligand: the rate is enhanced by more effective donation by the X ligands. A number of kinetic studies and phosphine exchange experiments utilizing a deuterium labeled phosphine, P1Bu2(d2)Ph, indicate that the active isomerization catalyst is a 14-valence-electron Ir(III) species derived from the ortho-metallated complex, IrH(η2-C6H4PtBu2)-(X) (PtBu2Ph), by phosphine dissociation. Using IrH(η2-C6H4PtBu2) (Cl) (PtBu2Ph) as a catalyst precursor, the catalytic isomerization of α, α-d2-allylbenzene in the presence of an excess of 4-allyl anisole has yielded primarily d1-cis/trans-β-Me styrene, which confirms that the isomerization proceeds via an insertion-elimination mechanism of a metal hydride bond.
Seasonal changes in carbohydrate accumulation for two creeping bentgrass cultivars

Controlled-environment studies suggest that turf quality decline of creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.] under heat stress is associated with decreases in carbohydrate availability in plants. The study was designed to examine and compare seasonal changes of carbohydrate status and C allocation pattern for two creeping bentgrass cultivars, 'Penncross' and 'L-93', that differ in heat tolerance under field conditions. The experiment was conducted from May to November in 1999 and 2000. Grasses were managed under putting green conditions with daily irrigation and mowing at a 4-mm height. Turf quality of both cultivars declined from May and reached the lowest level in August and September, and recovered in October. The content of total nonstractural carbohydrates (TNC), sucrose, and fructans in shoots and roots exhibited a similar seasonal pattern as turf quality for both cultivars in both years. Reducing sugar content decreased during the summer, but did not recover in October, except in shoots of L-93 in 2000. The decreases in carbohydrate content were more pronounced in roots than in shoots for both cultivars. Carbon allocation to roots also decreased during summer for Penncross. Cultivar differences in carbohydrate content were not consistent between fractions of carbohydrate and times of the year. The decline in carbohydrate availability, particularly in roots, and limited C allocation to roots during summer could contribute to quality decline under field conditions; however, cultivar variation in carbohydrate content was not related to the differences in turf quality decline between two cultivars.
Using the Social Work Advocacy Practice Model to Find Our Voices in Service of Advocacy

Social work has long embraced advocating for vulnerable populations, yet there has been concern the profession has moved away from this historical mission. A review of the literature reveals an abundance of articles on advocacy, most of which highlight strategies and tactics employed in specific settings. Less prominent are practice models that consist of comprehensive conceptual and operational frameworks to guide the advocacy process. The Social Work Advocacy Practice Model provides a framework for guiding social workers in developing, implementing, and evaluating advocacy efforts. Qualitative feedback from social work students who pilot-tested the model is provided. Lessons learned are discussed.
Importance of poly(ethylene glycol) conformation for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precursor in an aqueous solution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which acted as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The UV/Vis spectra showed that PEG 100 (100 kg/mol) has a remarkable capability to produce silver NPs at 80 °C, but the production of silver NPs by both PEG 2 (2 kg/mol) and PEG 35 (35 kg/mol) was negligible. This difference was explained by the conformation of PEG in the reaction solution: the entangled conformation for PEG 100 and the single-coiled conformation for PEG 2 and PEG 35, which were confirmed by pulse-field-gradient 1H NMR and viscosity measurements. In an aqueous solution, the entangled conformation of PEG 100 facilitated the reduction reaction by caging silver ions and effectively prevented the agglomeration of formed NPs. The reaction in an aqueous PEG 100 solution was observed to be stable under the conditions of a prolonged reaction time or an increased temperature, while no reduction reaction occurred in the PEG 2 solution. The synthesis of silver NPs by PEG 100 was well controlled to produce fine silver NPs with 3.68 ± 1.03 nm in diameter, the size of which remained relatively constant throughout the reaction.