cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enthalpies of reaction, formation, and hydrogenation among long chain alkanes, monoalkenes, acids, alcohols, and amines: G4 computed and experimental results

Abstract We have carried out a comparison of experimental results and 59 G4 calculations of the enthalpies of formation Δf H 298 K o and hydrogenation Δhyd H 298 K o of alkenes from 4 to 12 carbon atoms. We present a systematic calculation of the cis–trans isomerization enthalpy and a systematic comparison of experimental enthalpies of hydrogenation determined in this laboratory with the computed results of the same hydrogenations. The linear function of experimental results for alkanes and the linear function of the computed values lead to a linear function for converting one to the other. This result is an alternative to the commonly-used “atomization method” for finding the enthalpy of formation of an alkane relative to the thermodynamic reference state of the elements in their standard states. We calculate results in vector and matrix representation for compactness and consistency in treating large sets of computed G4 results. We show that the methods given here are sufficiently accurate so that reliable extrapolations to larger molecules can be made and that they are applicable to acids of biological interest, to alcohols, amines, and, in principle, to many other compounds such as polyenes, alkynes, and substituted alkanes.
HIGHER RESONANCES IN PION-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS

The recent experiments on pion-nucleon scattering and photoproduction at energies up to about 1.2 Bev are examined from a phenomenological standpoint. The most useful in formation seems to come from the photoproduction angular distribution and polarization results. The data seem to imply the existence of two "resonances" in the J =3/2, odd parity and J = 5/2, even parity states at photon energies of about 750 and 1100 Mev. These assignments satisfy several nontrivial consistency requirements. The same two states are also a consistent assignment for the observed scattering resonances at 615 Mev and 950 Mev. A qualitative model is proposed to explain these resonances as consequences of the 33 resonance acting in two-meson final states: their isotopic spin dependence seems to require some additional assumptions. Finally, the relation between the photoproduction and scattering phases in the presence of strong inelastic scattering is examined. (auth)
Herbicide Tolerant Plants, Production

This book chapter reviews the current status of herbicides tolerance in plants. Much of the focus is placed on use of genetic engineering to produce crop plants tolerant to several herbicides. Also detailed are the benefits that farmers have realized from use of these plants, in particular the incorporation of no-till framing, deceased overhead costs and improved soil conservation. Keywords: global population; glyphosate; lyase and oxidoreductase activities; aromatic amino acid starvation; genetic engineering techniques; herbicide tolerance; biotechnology; genetic engineering; benefits
Ultrasensitive detection of rare mutations using next-generation targeted resequencing

With next-generation DNA sequencing technologies, one can interrogate a specific genomic region of interest at very high depth of coverage and identify less prevalent, rare mutations in heterogeneous clinical samples. However, the mutation detection levels are limited by the error rate of the sequencing technology as well as by the availability of variant-calling algorithms with high statistical power and low false positive rates. We demonstrate that we can robustly detect mutations at 0.1% fractional representation. This represents accurate detection of one mutant per every 1000 wild-type alleles. To achieve this sensitive level of mutation detection, we integrate a high accuracy indexing strategy and reference replication for estimating sequencing error variance. We employ a statistical model to estimate the error rate at each position of the reference and to quantify the fraction of variant base in the sample. Our method is highly specific (99%) and sensitive (100%) when applied to a known 0.1% sample fraction admixture of two synthetic DNA samples to validate our method. As a clinical application of this method, we analyzed nine clinical samples of H1N1 influenza A and detected an oseltamivir (antiviral therapy) resistance mutation in the H1N1 neuraminidase gene at a sample fraction of 0.18%.
Resonators for the microcomputer compensated crystal oscillator

The goal of the resonator development program discussed by the authors was to develop dual c-mode resonators which have: frequency vs. temperature (f vs. T) characteristics free of significant anomalies; the minimum possible f vs. T slopes for the temperature ranges of interest; high Q; and small hysteresis. Well-behaved dual c-mode SC-cut resonator designs have been successfully developed. Plano-convex resonators of the proper contour are shown to be well-behaved on both the third overtone, at 10 MHz, and on the fundamental mode over at least a -55 degrees C to +85 degrees C temperature range. Such resonators are shown to be suitable for microcomputer compensated crystal oscillators with a stability of a few parts in 10/sup 8/. >
A little language for modularizing numerical PDE solvers

This paper describes a concise specification language for linear partial differential equations (PDEs) on a union of rectangles, along with three tools: a pretty-printer, TEX generator, and a code generator. The pretty-printer and TEX generator help users by allowing equations to be specified (and read) in their natural form, while the code generator allows implementors to separate their numerical solver from the input equations, and greatly simplifies testing.
Purification and analysis of RTI40, a type I alveolar epithelial cell apical membrane protein

Abstract RTI40 is a 40–42 kDa protein that, within the lung, is specific to the apical plasma membrane of the rat alveolar type I cell. Type I cells cover greater than 95% of the internal surface area of the lung. In this report, we describe some of the physical properties of RTI40, and its purification to homogeneity. By liquid phase isoelectric focusing, the pI of the protein is 3.0±0.5. In two-dimensional immunoblots, there is a 1.0 pH unit charge train, suggesting post-translational modification of the protein. We have purified the protein to homogeneity by the following method. A membrane preparation from perfused rat lungs was extracted with detergent and applied to an ion-exchange column. Immunoreactive fractions from the column were pooled, dialyzed and further fractionated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Essentially all the antigenicity was recovered in one protein peak that was homogeneous both by spectral analysis and silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Because the purified protein was N terminus blocked, we cleaved the protein with CNBr and fractionated peptide fragments by reverse phase HPLC. Fractions were pooled and concentrated. Direct amino acid sequencing of the major peptide fragment yielded a 15 amino acid peptide homologous to a mouse osteoblast protein, OTS-8. Analysis of purified RTI40 shows that the protein contains glycan, some of which is sialic acid. Characterization of RTI40 should facilitate future studies of the functional properties of RTI40.
Testing a maternal attachment model of behavior problems in early childhood

Background: The purpose of the present study was to test a maternal attachment model of behavior problems in early childhood using phase I data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, a prospective study of 1,364 children from birth through sixth grade. Methods: Mothers’ and caregivers’ ratings of children's internalizing and externalizing problems at age three were regressed separately on a set of fifteen predictors that included security and disorganization scores from 15, 24, and 36 months using hierarchical and logistical modeling. Results: There were three main findings. First, Q-set mother–child attachment security, based on home observations at 24 months, provided the best evidence that attachment was associated with behavior problems, especially above-average levels of problems. Second, insecurity in the 36-month modified Strange Situation predicted mothers’ and caregivers’ ratings of internalizing problems for boys and girls as well as their ratings of externalizing problems for boys. Third, maternal depressive symptoms predicted mothers’ ratings of internalizing and externalizing problems. Conclusions: There are meaningful associations between attachment insecurity and behavior problems as assessed not only by mothers but also by caregivers.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Migraine

The vascular theory of migraine proposed by Wolff, attributing migrainous symptoms to paroxysmal constriction and dilation of the cranial vasculature, held sway for over four decades and even now remains embraced by many clinicians and the lay public. Recent investigations, however, suggest that this proposed mechanism is untenable; although changes in blood vessel caliber and blood flow do occur in some patients during some attacks, they are not required for the production of migrainous symptoms and appear to be largely epiphenomena, occurring subsequent (and consequent) to another primary process. Evidence is mounting that migraine may result from a pathologic alteration of neurotransmission within the brain stem and trigeminovascular system, and one of the neurotransmitters primarily involved is serotonin. This has led to an explosion of interest in therapeutic agents which influence serotoninergic receptors, and the astounding success enjoyed by the first of these agents to be utilized clinically (sum...
Cultivating Disruptive Subjectivities: Interrupting the New Professionalism

This paper explores the everyday enactments of new public management in our professional lives utilizing principles of self-ethnography. Drawing on the reworking of an Action Research class, I explore the possibilities of a contextual analysis of the workplace to make more transparent the enactment of new public management. Little is known regarding how NPM plays out on the ground in local sites and how, in interacting with the culture it creates, professionals locate themselves and their work. I offer a close examination here of our changing context to explore the techniques and forms of power of NPM in the realms of higher education as well as how we might enact a politics of refusal.
Stress Induced by Toe-Clipping in Cane Toads (Rhinella marina)

Toe-clipping is a commonly used method to mark reptiles and amphibians, collect genetic information, and collect samples to identify disease. Institutional animal care and use committees impose restrictions on such practices in an effort to mitigate pain inflicted on research animals. However, what is considered “painful” is often based on anthropomorphic intuition rather than scientific evidence. While there is no way to quantify pain, plasma corticosterone levels can provide a measure of the stress caused by procedures. Such data can provide animal care and use committees with the quantitative data they need to make appropriate decisions regarding procedures. We measured and compared plasma corticosterone levels in control, handled, and toe-clipped Cane Toads (Rhinella marina) to determine the extent to which toe-clipping induces stress. While both handling and toe-clipping did significantly increase corticosterone levels when compared with toads that had not been handled, we found no difference in cort...
Vaginal bleeding due to an infantile hemangioma in a 3-year-old girl.

Abstract Background Infantile hemangiomas may cause vaginal bleeding in prepubescent girls. Case A 3-year-old girl was referred for evaluation of painless vaginal bleeding. Her initial evaluation was nondiagnostic. The girl's physical examination was remarkable only for an infantile hemangioma of her right hand. A vaginoscopy was performed and a hemangioma of the anterior vaginal wall was identified. The patient was managed conservatively. Her bleeding has decreased in amount and frequency. Summary and Conclusion Infantile hemangiomas are a potential cause of vaginal bleeding in young girls and should be suspected if a child has a hemangioma on another part of their body. Most infantile hemangiomas resolve without therapy.
Investigation of single-walled carbon nanotube growth parameters using alcohol catalytic chemical vapour deposition.

A detailed parametric study of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesized in powder form and on substrates using the alcohol catalytic chemical vapour deposition (ACCVD) method is reported. As-grown SWNTs were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy to obtain structural and electronic information. We found that nucleation and growth of SWNTs occurs within seconds after introduction of the alcohol vapour and that high quality SWNTs with a narrow diameter distribution without amorphous carbon can be grown using Co acetate catalyst doped with Fe acetate above 750 °C. Defective multiwalled nanotubes were observed at lower temperatures, with the optimum temperature being 850 °C. These and other results reported in this paper allow the basis for optimizing the ACCVD process for the synthesis of large numbers of SWNTs.
Laparoscopic Repair of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Injuries

Abstract Background. Laparoscopy has been proposed as a diagnostic and potentially therapeutic modality for penetrating diaphragmatic lacerations. The purpose of this study was to assess the technical feasibility and strength of various laparoscopic repairs of diaphragmatic injuries. Methods. Swine underwent either open suture repair or laparoscopic repair by staple, suture, or patch technique of a 2-cm laceration to both the right and the left muscular or tendinous diaphragmatic leaflets. Six weeks after operation, diaphragms were harvested for either histologic analysis or bursting strength measurements. Results. All methods of repair proved technically feasible. There was no significant difference in bursting strength measurements between treatment groups. Bursting was due to tissue failure either at or adjacent to the repair site. Histologic analysis confirmed healing of all specimens with the laparoscopic patch technique inciting less inflammation and greater fibroblastic proliferation than the other techniques. Conclusions. Laparoscopic repair of diaphragmatic lacerations can be accomplished using any of the currently available techniques. Laparoscopic stapling, suturing, or patch techniques all result in complete healing with a strong and durable repair. When selecting a particular technique, familiarity of the surgeon should be used as a guideline.
Transendoscopic application of CO 2 laser irradiation using the OmniGuide fiber to treat dorsal displacement of the soft palate in the horse

Transendoscopic laser surgery has been performed in horses since 1984. It is used to treat many upper respiratory disorders, as well as urogenital diseases. Initially, the Nd:YAG laser was the laser of choice until the early 1990s, when smaller, more compact diode lasers entered the veterinary field. In the mid 1980s, several attempts were made to transmit CO 2 laser energy transendoscopically. True success was not obtained until 2004 when the OmniGuide CO 2 Fiber was fabricated. Although there is attenuation of energy, this very flexible fiber allows the CO 2 laser to be used transendoscopically for incision and ablation of tissue. Intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate has more recently been treated using a diode laser and contact fiber to scarify the caudal border of the soft palate. This procedure was initially reported as being performed in combination with a myectomy. The CO 2 laser's fiber was used in eight cases. It offered no touch technique and allowed improved visualization of the target tissue. Both healing and recuperation time were reduced, compared to other wavelengths transmitted through solid quartz fiber. The OmniGuide Fiber can be coupled to the output port of CO 2 lasers commonly used in veterinary medicine. Transendoscopic application of the CO 2 laser is advantageous in that there is no endoscopic white-out, no volume heating of tissue, and it provides an accurate means of performing upper respiratory surgery in the standing horse.
Oscillatory growth rate responses of S. Cerevisiae in continuous culture

The yeast S. cerevisiae was grown on dilute, chemically defined media in continuous culture with either glucose or ammonium sulfate as the growth-limiting ingredient. Changes in dilution rate or glucose concentration induced decaying oscillations in the numbers of yeast growing on ammonium sulfate-limited media. Spot checks indicated that Cell dry weight and Kjeldahl nitrogen followed the cell numbers during these oscillations. With glucose-limited media, there was no response to step changes in ammonium sulfate concentration, and dilution rate step changes gave non-oscillatory transient responses.
Viral Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Epithelial Cells Follows a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent but NF-κB-Independent Pathway

The initial step in an immune response toward a viral infection is the induction of inflammatory cytokines. This innate immune response is mediated by expression of a variety of cytokines exemplified by TNF-α and IL-1β. A key signal for the recognition of intracellular viral infections is the presence of dsRNA. Viral infections and dsRNA treatment can activate several signaling pathways including the protein kinase R pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and NF-κB, which are important in the expression of inflammatory cytokines. We previously reported that activation of protein kinase R was required for dsRNA induction of TNF-α, but not for IL-1β. In this study, we report that activation of the p38 MAPK pathway by respiratory viral infections is necessary for induction of inflammatory cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cells. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by two different pharmacological inhibitors showed that expression of both TNF-α and IL-1β required activation of this signaling pathway. Interestingly, inhibition of NF-κB did not significantly reduce viral induction of either cytokine. Our data show that, during the initial infections of epithelial cells with respiratory viruses, activation of the p38 MAPK pathway is associated with induction of inflammation, and NF-κB activation may be less important than previously suggested.
Sight vocabulary learning of first and second graders

Abstract Beginning first and second graders' rates of learning high imagery and low imagery nouns as sight words were investigated. The nouns were taken from the Paivio List. The randomly selected children were pretested individually to determine if they (a) could say the words when shown the printed forms and (b) could give a meaning for the word. Words taught were those that the child did not know as sight vocabulary words but knew their meanings. The children were then presented systematically and individually the nouns on flash cards, and their correct and incorrect responses recorded for a three‐week period. Repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the children in both first and second grade learned high imagery nouns in fewer trials than low imagery nouns. The second graders learned the nouns in fewer trials than the first graders.
Allergic fungal sinusitis involving the lacrimal sac: a case report and review.

AbstractBackground: We report a case of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) involving the lacrimal sac and review the current English literature. A literature search for AFS involving the lacrimal sac revealed two reports with only one of the two cases demonstrating histological evidence of fungal elements. This is just the third such case and only the second reported case with histopathologic confirmation of fungal elements by Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain.Materials and Methods: A PubMed database search was performed using combinations of the following key words: allergic fungal sinusitis, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, ophthalmology, epiphora, orbit. A 70-year-old white man with a history of chronic conjunctivitis and nasal polyps presenting with chronic epiphora was found to have dacryostenosis on the left side. A CT scan of the orbits revealed mucoperiosteal thickening completely obliterating the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses.Results: A left external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) was perfo...
Human keratinocytes migrate to the negative pole in direct current electric fields comparable to those measured in mammalian wounds

Previous measurements of the lateral electric fields near skin wounds in guinea pigs have detected DC fields between 100-200 mV/mm near the edge of the wound. We have studied the translocation response of motile primary human keratinocytes migrating on a collagen substrate while exposed to similar physiological DC electric fields. We find that keratinocytes migrate randomly on collagen in fields of 5 mV/mm or less, but in larger fields they migrate towards the negative pole of the field, exhibiting galvanotaxis. Since these cells have an average cell length of 50 microns, this implies that they are able to detect a voltage gradient as low as 0.5 mV along their length. This cath-odally-directed movement exhibits increased directedness with increasing field strengths between 10 and 100 mV/mm. We observe a maximally directed response at 100 mV/mm with half of the cells responding to the field within 14 minutes. The average speed of migration tended to be greater in fields above 50 mV/mm than in smaller fields. We conclude that human keratinocytes migrate towards the negative pole in DC electric fields that are of the same magnitude as measured in vivo near wounds in mammalian skin.
Molecular Pathways: Targeting Cancer Stem Cells Awakened by Chemotherapy to Abrogate Tumor Repopulation

Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the first-line therapy for many advanced solid tumors; hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms to overcome chemoresistance remains a top research priority. In the clinic, chemotherapy is administered in multiple cycles that are spaced out to allow the recovery or repopulation of normal tissues and tissue stem cells between treatment cycles. However, residual surviving cancer cells and cancer stem cells can also repopulate tumors during the gap periods between chemotherapy cycles. Tumor repopulation is a phenomenon that has not been well studied; it is often overlooked due to current customized experimental study strategies. Recent findings reveal an alarming role for dying cells targeted by chemotherapy in releasing mitogens to stimulate active repopulation of quiescent cancer stem cells. Therefore, new therapeutic options to abrogate tumor repopulation will provide new avenues to improve chemotherapeutic response and clinical outcome.
Extending the Hand of Knowledge: Promoting Mobile Technologies

The widespread use of handheld computers and other mobile devices in the healthcare environment and their potential for providing access to information has prompted health sciences librarians everywhere to learn more about this technology. Early in 2001, the Health Sciences Library (HSL) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill began exploring ways to support mobile computing. This paper describes the four basic approaches taken by the librarians that helped establish the HSL as a leader in the area of mobile technologies.
Electrochemistry of high concentration copper chloride complexes.

High concentrations of copper chloride solutions (in the molar range) are used in several industrial applications. In this work, we investigated the species distribution of copper chloride complexes and how to measure the copper concentration precisely at high concentrations using electrochemical methods, by including migrational effects. The latter, in fact, can be useful in determining the nature of the species in solution undergoing electron transfer at the electrode. The study indicates that the main species of Cu(II) complexes in high chloride concentration is CuCl42– and the main species of Cu(I) complexes are CuCl2– and CuCl32–. However insoluble CuCl is an intermediate in the process and can deactivate the electrode surface. This can be ameliorated by increasing the temperature or Cl– concentration. Under these conditions, voltammetry with an ultramicroelectrode (UME) can measure copper concentration with good precision even at 1 M Cu(II) concentrations in a few molar chloride. The main charge of ...
EFFECTS OF PHENYLALANINE, PHENYLACETIC ACID, TYROSINE, AND VALINE ON BRAIN AND LIVER SEROTONIN IN RATS.

SummaryA study of the differential effects of excess dietary L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-valine, and phenylacetic acid on serotonin content of rat brain and liver indicated that phenylalanine is the most effective of these compounds. Five and 7% L-phenylalanine caused a decrease mainly in the brain. Seven percent tyrosine caused little or no change. Brain serotonin decreased when 6% L-valine was fed and brain and liver serotonin decreased when valine was included as 9% of the diet. Most of the change in liver serotonin is due to decreased food intake, since paired-fed control rats also showed decreased serotonin in this tissue. Phenylacetic acid caused an increase in brain serotonin, an effect opposite to that of phenylalanine or valine.
Analysis of the related factors in children with learning difficulties

Objective To investigate the factors which might influence children's learning ability and provide data for preventing difficulties in learning.Methods 356 children with learning difficulties were tested with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children revised edition of China(c-wisc)、Achenbach Child Behavior Scale(CBCL)、Baby-the junior high school social scale(s-m)and the self-questionnaire on the situation of children.The data were andlyzed.Results 6~9 years old children were the major component of the 356 cases with learning difficulties.Boys were significantly more than girls.Most of their parents had received high school education,and the percentage of single-parent families was 18%.Children with IQ level in the the low and high Limits were significantly more than those with middle and high IQ Level(χ2= 53.036,P0.001).The outward behaviors in low grades of elementary school were more than junior high school,and boys in junior high school were more than girls,but most girls were indrawn behavior.The outward behavior of girls in low-grade was significantly higher than girls in high-grade primary school(P 0.001).The children who had lower adaptibility quotient than normal people and lived with grand-parents in many pro-family were significantly more than the ones in single-parent families and nuclear families(χ2 = 8.236,P0.005;χ2 = 11.03,P0.001).Conclusions The children who have learning difficulties generally have low IQ or are at the low limit.The children in single-parents families have many behavioral problems,while children in pro-parent families tend to have poor adaptability.
Testimony of the Senses: Latter-day Saints and the Civilized Soundscape

Settlers from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints employed sound to colonize the Great Basin, audibly establishing control over a putatively inhospitable territory and its Native inhabitants. the Mormons used sound as an element of colonization and to eventually project their own “civilized” status back to America's East Coast.
Overview of the PRODIGY Problem Solver

PRODIGY’s problem solver is the substrate on top of which the explanation-based learning system is built. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the problem solving architecture in enough detail so that the learning system and its effects can be properly understood. Special emphasis is given to those aspects of the problem solver that are particularly relevant to this thesis.
Reduction of Si residues for trench etching

To reduce gate leak current failure,it is required to reduce Si residues on trench isolation for high voltage devices. In this issue,process improvement of the trench etching is evaluated. The continuous plasma of Breakthrough step and Si etching step on the trench etching is effective to achieve reduction of Si residues without the profile variation of trench isolation. Gate leak failure on high voltage device is successfully reduced by continuous plasma condition.
Same-Day Discharge for Patients Undergoing Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Is Safe and Feasible: Results of a Pilot Study.

Abstract Introduction: With healthcare reform, cost and patient satisfaction will directly affect hospital reimbursement. We present data on same-day discharge (SDD) for patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). Methods: Patient data were gathered in an IRB-approved database. In April 2015, the surgeon (S.J.) began SDD. The SDD protocol for RALP includes multimodal anesthesia/analgesia and extended recovery. Interim analysis revealed that government insurance (CMS) refused hospital reimbursement for SDD. As of that time, only patients with commercial insurance were offered SDD. The demographic and peri-operative data were compared between the two cohorts (Group 1, SDD; Group 2, Admitted patients) by using Mann–Whitney U, chi-squared, or fisher exact tests, where appropriate. Results: During the study period, 21 patients had undergone RALP. Eleven of 21 patients were offered SDS, and nine (81.8%) were discharged. Both those who elected to stay were successfully discha...
Accurate determination of fiber strength distributions

Tensile strengths of small-diameter ceramic fibers are commonly obtained from measured fracture loads on individual fibers and the average cross-sectional area of the entire fiber population. The goal of the present article is to provide a critical assessment of the consequences of using the average fiber area in the inferred strength distribution. The issues are addressed through established theorems in convolution and uncertainty propagation as well as Monte Carlo simulations. Systematic errors introduced by using the average area are well-represented by simple analytical formulae. The formulae are couched in terms of the coefficient of variation in fiber area and the dispersion in fiber strengths, characterized by the Weibull modulus. In turn, the formulae are used to determine the true values of Weibull modulus and reference strength from their nominal values. Random uncertainties associated with a finite number of tests decay slowly with number, in accordance with an inverse root scaling. When systematic errors are conflated with random uncertainties, accurate determination of the true Weibull modulus becomes increasingly challenging, even for seemingly large numbers of strength measurements. The results are used to assess the fidelity of previously-reported experimental results based on nominal strength data.
Metroimperial Intimacies: Fantasy, Racial-Sexual Governance, and the Philippines in U.S. Imperialism, 1899–1913

This monograph forges an intersection of US imperial history, queer of color critique, and critical ethnic studies. In this important study, Victor Roman Mendoza uses queer theory reading practices...
Investigation into drivers of cost of stenting for carotid stenosis

Abstract Objective We aimed to identify factors associated with cost of carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods Patient and hospital characteristics affecting cost of admission for CAS were identified using the Vizient national database of hospital-reported outcomes. Patients who underwent CAS for either asymptomatic or symptomatic carotid stenosis were identified using surgical Medicare Severity-Diagnosis Related Groups and appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision codes. Results There were 166 hospitals that reported outcomes from 7369 inpatient admissions for CAS. Each institution reported a mean value for cost related to patient care per admission for CAS; the average cost across all reporting institutions was $12,834.14 (standard error of the mean [SEM], 492.88). Institutions in the lowest 25th percentile with respect to frequency of intensive care unit admission after CAS had lower cost of admission than institutions above the 75th percentile ($10,971.30 [SEM, 460.67] vs $14,992.90 [964.29]; P = .002), without any differences in incidence of stroke during admission (2.2% [SEM, 0.3] vs 2.0% [0.4]; P = .877) or 30-day readmission (1.9% [SEM, 0.4] vs 2.5 [0.6]; P = .329). Admissions for patients with symptomatic stenosis were more expensive than those with asymptomatic stenosis ($20,462.10 [SEM, 819.93] vs $11,285.20 [347.11]; P P Conclusions Admission to an intensive care unit, symptomatic stenosis, and obesity were associated with increased costs in patients undergoing CAS. These data may aid in identifying opportunities to improve the cost-effectiveness of this procedure.
Abstract 215: The Role of Titin in Cardiac Function: Studies in Two Genetically Engineered Mouse Models With Disparate Titin’s Size

Titin, a myofilament that acts as a molecular spring in the sarcomere, is considered the main contributor to passive stiffness of cardiomyocytes and is responsible for cardiac diastolic function. Increased titin stiffness is related to diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF (Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction). Alteration in size of titin’s spring region leads to changes in cardiomyocyte and left ventricular (LV) chamber stiffness. We tested the effect of alteration in titin’s size in two genetically engineered mouse models. We investigated the effect of shortening titin’s spring region in a mouse model in which I-band/A-band region of titin’s spring has been deleted (TtnΔIAjxn ), in comparison to the effect of lengthening titin’s spring region in a mouse model deficient in titin splicing factor (Rbm20ΔRRM). Integrative approaches were used from single cardiomyocyte mechanics to pressure-volume analysis and exercise study. Study of skinned LV cardiomyocytes revealed that cellular passive stiffness was inversely related to the size of titin. Cellular passive stiffness was increased in TtnΔIAjxn homozygous (-/-) (~ 110 % higher than wildtype (WT)) and was reduced in a graded manner in Rbm20ΔRRM heterozygous (+/-) and -/- cardiomyocytes (~61% and ~87% less than WT). This effect was carried through at the LV chamber level which could be demonstrated in pressure volume (PV) analysis as an increased end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) in TtnΔIAjxn -/- (~110% higher than WT’s hearts) and reduced EDPVR in Rbm20ΔRRM +/- and -/- (~57% and ~48% less than WT’s hearts). Free-wheel running studies revealed a running deficiency in TtnΔIAjxn -/- mice but an increase in exercise capacity in Rbm20ΔRRM +/– mice. Conclusions: Functional studies from the cellular to in-vivo LV chamber levels showed that mice with shortening of titin’s spring region had increased LV stiffness, diastolic dysfunction and reduced exercise capacity, while mice with lengthening titin’s spring region had compliant LV and increased exercise capacity. Thus, our work supports titin’s important roles in LV diastolic function and suggests that modification of the size of titin’s spring region could be a potential therapeutic strategy for HFpEF.
Towards a Model of Learning Business English and Professional Identity Construction

This chapter discusses the results in relation to professional identity construction, communities of practice building, business genre knowledge and indexing competence development in Business English education, and methodological issues. It proposes a model of learning Business English and professional identity construction. It outlines several questions for further research, including multimodal resources for indexing professional identity, ongoing tracking of professional identity construction and business genre knowledge development in the classroom, and ESP teacher development. It concludes with an informed answer to the Business English student’s intriguing question that opens the book.
Reactivity of Silanes with (tBuPONOP)Ruthenium Dichloride: Facile Synthesis of Chloro‐Silyl Ruthenium Compounds and Formic Acid Decomposition

The coordination of tBu PONOP (tBu PONOP=2,6-bis(ditert-butylphosphinito)pyridine) to different ruthenium starting materials, to generate (tBu PONOP)RuCl2 , was investigated. The resultant (tBu PONOP)RuCl2 reactivity with three different silanes was then investigated and contrasted dramatically with the reactivity of (iPr PONOP)RuCl2 (DMSO) (iPr PONOP=2,6-bis(diisopropylphosphinito)pyridine) with the same silanes. The 16-electron species (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)Cl was produced from the reaction of triethylsilane with (tBu PONOP)RuCl2 . Reactions of (tBu PONOP)RuCl2 with both phenylsilane or diphenylsilane afforded the 16-electron hydrido-silyl species (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)(PhSiCl2 ) and (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)(Ph2 SiCl), respectively. Reactions of all three of these complexes with silver triflate afforded the simple salt metathesis products of (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)(OTf), (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)(PhSiCl(OTf)), and (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)(Ph2 Si(OTf)). Formic acid dehydrogenation was performed in the presence of triethylamine (TEA), and each species proved competent for gas-pressure generation of CO2 and H2 . The hydride species (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)Cl, (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)(OTf), and (tBu PONOP)Ru(H)(PhSiCl2 ) exhibited faster catalytic activity than the other compounds tested.
A stochastic and mathematically integrative model of the control of human heart rate

The innate variability of the heart rate contains both random and temporally scaled components. The objective of this study was to design a stochastic and mathematically integrative model (SIM) of the control of human heart rate that could replicate the cardiac rhythm during rest and two distinct states of exercise. Heartbeat-to-heartbeat interval (RRI) were recorded from 8 healthy subjects during rest and two exercise levels. Signal memory in RRI sequences was estimated with autocorrelation, and probability density functions (PDFs) were created by fitting polynomial curves to the normalized histograms of the RRI sequences. The SIM generated fictive RRI sequences by randomly selecting RRI values from a PDF and integrating the series using parameters derived from the autocorrelation analysis. Fractal-scaling in the model RRI sequences was quantified with detrended fluctuation analysis. After optimizing the model with the autocorrelation-based and PDF parameters, the SIM was able to produce fictive RRI sequences with significant fractal scaling (statistically assessed with surrogate analysis, p < 0.001), and with fractal-scaling characteristics similar to the original human data (p = 0.62). Increasing the length of the SIM-generated sequences did not alter the temporal scaling of the model sequences. In conclusion, this research demonstrated a stochastic and integrative model that can replicate the temporally correlated characteristics of the human heart rate.
Efficient filtering algorithm for detection of genetic similarity between large genomic datasets

Many biological analysis techniques require measurement of similarity between sequences from large genomic datasets, which often involves extraction of all pairs of close DNA or RNA sequences. We present a k-mer-based tool to efficiently perform such sequence similarity queries for large viral datasets produced by next-generation sequencing.
Placebo- and nocebo-induced pain modulation: from bedside to bench and back to bedside

Placebo and nocebo effects have emerged as an elegant model to explore the role of pain modulatory systems from a psychoneurobiological perspective. Gaining deeper knowledge of top-down mechanisms of pain modulation has enormous implications for personalizing and optimizing pain management. In this review, we present the most recent advances in placebo and nocebo research that have been achieved towards translational and neurobiological research. We focus primarily on preclinical aspects, psychological and genetic variables associated with proneness to respond to placebo and nocebo. Brain mechanisms of top-down regulation of pain processing, and the neurochemistry underlying these changes, are also discussed.
Cell Interactions and Pattern Formation in Dictyostelium Discoideum

The panoply of forms of plants and animals is as amazing as is the reproducibility with which each form is produced within a given species of plant or animal. The reproducibility is determined by a molecular mechanism through which cells in the organism determine their relative position. This process leads to the pattern of spots on the frog, stripes on a tiger, and the precise interconnections which occur between the ganglion cells of retina and their target neurons in the optic tectum of the frog.1 In the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, the process of cellular position determination occurs in the pseudoplasmodium and leads to two types of cells: stalk cells and spore cells. Approximately 1/3 of the cells in the pseudoplasmodium become stalk cells; most of the remaining two-thirds of the cells become spores.2 The proportioning is largely invariant over a wide variety of experimental conditions and over an approximately one hundred thousand fold difference in number of cells in the pseudoplasmodium.
Complex Dynamic Capability Approach: Implications for Research and Practice

Drawing on the complexity theories, this paper extends the dynamic capability approach, and, explores how multiple units of analysis, like, networks, groups, and individuals, evolve and build their...
Reducing the Intake of Sodium in Community Settings: Evaluation of Year One Activities in the Sodium Reduction in Communities Program, Arkansas, 2016-2017.

Purpose and objectives The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP) aims to reduce dietary sodium intake through policy, systems, and environmental approaches. The objective of this study was to evaluate and document the progress of the first year of a 5-year SRCP project in northwest Arkansas. Intervention approach In collaboration with 30 partner schools and 5 partner community meals programs, we sought to reduce dietary sodium intake through increased implementation of 1) food service guidelines, 2) procurement practices, 3) food preparation practices, and 4) environmental strategies. Evaluation methods We collected daily menus, information on nutritional content of meals, and procurement records and counted the number of people served in partnering schools and community meals programs. We used a pretest-posttest quantitative evaluation design to analyze changes in the sodium content of meals from baseline to Year 1 follow-up. Results From baseline to Year 1 follow-up, participating schools lowered the mean sodium content served per lunch diner from 1,103 mg to 980 mg (-11.2%). The schools also reduced the mean sodium content of entrees offered (ie, entrees listed on the menu) from 674 mg to 625 mg (-7.3%) and entrees served from 615 mg to 589 mg (-4.2%). From baseline to follow-up, participating community meals programs reduced the mean sodium content of meals offered (ie, meals listed on the menu) from 1,710 mg to 1,053 mg (-38.4%). The community meals programs reduced the mean sodium content of meals served from 1,509 mg to 1,258 mg (-16.6%). Implications for public health In both venues, our evaluation findings showed reductions in sodium served during the 1-year evaluation period. These results highlight the potential effectiveness of sodium reduction interventions focused on food service guidelines, procurement practices, food preparation practices, and environmental strategies for schools and community meals programs.
The Distinctiveness of Grief, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress: Lessons From Children After 9/11.

Objective The clinical and nosological significance of grief reactions in youth exposed to a shared trauma (9/11, the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States) was tested by examining whether the predictors (ie, non−loss-related trauma versus traumatic bereavement), clinical correlates, factorial structure, and phenomenology of grief reactions are distinct from those of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 9/11-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method In a representative sample of New York City schoolchildren (N = 8,236; grades 4−12; n = 1,696 bereaved), assessed 6 months post-9/11, multivariate regressions examined predictors of grief, PTSD, and MDD, as well as the incremental validity of grief in predicting health problems and functional impairment. Factor analysis and latent class analysis determined, respectively, the factorial and the syndromic distinctiveness of grief, PTSD, and MDD. Results Four types of evidence supporting the distinctiveness of grief emerged. (1) Bereavement was associated with grief independently of PTSD and MDD, but not with PTSD and MDD after adjusting for grief; conversely, non−loss related trauma was associated primarily with PTSD. (2) Grief contributed uniquely to functional impairment. (3) Grief reactions loaded on a separate factor. (4) Youth with elevated grief reactions fell into two classes characterized by only moderate and negligible probability of co-occurring PTSD and MDD symptoms, respectively. Conclusion A multifaceted approach provided convergent evidence that grief reactions are independent of other common types of postdisaster child and adolescent psychopathology, and capture a unique aspect of bereavement-related distress. These findings suggest that grief reactions in traumatically bereaved youth merit separate clinical attention, informing tailored interventions.
The Adolescent Years of School Psychology and the Future: A Personal Perspective.

Anecdotes about a few early legends in school psychology are presented in the first part of this article. They are followed with information about doctoral recipients in school psychology from 1978...
Identification and analysis of cell wall glycan epitopes and polyphenol oxidase in pawpaw ( Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) fruit pulp as affected by high pressure processing and refrigerated storage.

This research explores the cell wall composition and polyphenol oxidase activity of two pawpaw (Asimina triloba) fruit varieties, Susquehanna and Green River Belle, that were subjected to high pressure processing and 45 days of refrigerated storage. We hypothesize that high pressure processing may inhibit enzymatic action responsible for pawpaw's deleterious postharvest tissue softening and browning. Glycome profiling uses mAb groupings that recognize 19 groups of glycan epitopes present in most major classes of cell wall glycans and was used to determine cell wall composition. Results show that both varieties have typical type I primary cell walls of flowering dicots. However, differences in the fine cell wall structure between the varieties can be inferred and the varieties behaved differently during refrigerated storage, likely indicating of a difference in cell wall-modifying enzymes present in the primary cell walls. High pressure processing treatment does not seem to be effective at eliminating polyphenol oxidase activity.
Connecting health and the museum: An exhibition initiative by the National Health Council at the Smithsonian Institution's United States National Museum, 1922–1924

Connecting health with the museum was an idea that emerged gradually in the early twentieth century, especially following World War I. In 1922, the recently founded National Health Council proposed...