cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre- and Postintervention Factor Analysis of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale

ABSTRACTThe effects of a bystander education intervention program on the factor structure underlying a rape myth acceptance scale were examined using exploratory factor analyses on secondary data. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale was administered to college students at a northwestern university both before (n = 363) and after (n = 352) receiving a bystander education program. Results from exploratory factor analyses showed changes in the factor structure from pretest to posttest. This suggests some instability in the factor structure of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. These pre–post intervention differences in the rape myth acceptance factor structure suggest researchers use caution in using and interpreting scores based on the IRMA without regard to participants’ prevention program status.
Electrical Contact and Adhesion Modification Produced by High Energy Heavy Ion Bombardment of Au Films on GaAs

Thin gold films over GaAs wafers with different dopants (Cr, Si, Te, and Zn) were used to study the role of he substrate electronic properties in the electrical contact and adhesion modification induced by MeV/nucleon heavy ion bombardment. The enhanced adhesion was studied using a scratch test; the results show very different modifications of adhesion depending on the bulk electronic properties of the substrate. The sample with a Cr compensation doped substrate showed enhancement in adhesion for beam doses as low as 1012 ions/cm2, but Si and Te doped (n-type) substrates showed a sudden enhancement in adhesion for doses around 1014 ions/cm2. Samples with Si and Te doped substrates were used to sudy the bombarding ion dE/dx dependence of the induced adhesion for 19F and 35C1 ions with electronic stopping power ranging from 161 eV/A to 506 eV/A. In this range the dose threshold for the onset of induced adhesion has a power law dependence, D = D0(dE/dx)−(1.90 ± 1.0).
Infective Endocarditis Caused by Paecilomyces varioti

The first reported case of Paecilomyces varioti endocarditis occurring on a porcine heterograft prosthesis is presented and the clinical and pathological features described in the four previously reported cases of prosthetic valvular endocarditis caused by this organism are reviewed. In each case, infection became apparent more than two months after cardiac surgery. Three of the four patients with infected aortic prosthesis developed outflow obstruction secondary to valvular vegetations. All patients died regardless of medical or surgical intervention. Appropriate therapy remains unknown.
A Psychoacoustic Evaluation of Noise Signatures from Advanced Civil Transport Aircraft

The NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation project has been successful in developing and demonstrating technologies for integrated aircraft systems that can simultaneously meet aggressive goals for fuel burn, noise and emissions. Some of the resulting systems substantially differ from the familiar tube and wing designs constituting the current civil transport fleet. This study attempts to explore whether or not the effective perceived noise level metric used in the NASA noise goal accurately reflects human subject response across the range of vehicles considered. Further, it seeks to determine, in a quantitative manner, if the sounds associated with the advanced aircraft are more or less preferable to the reference vehicles beyond any differences revealed by the metric. These explorations are made through psychoacoustic tests in a controlled laboratory environment using simulated stimuli developed from auralizations of selected vehicles based on systems noise assessments.
Gender, Power, and the Norms of Indirect Assertion

For the most part, the norms of assertion literature has focused only on what proposition the speaker expresses by a particular assertion, and on what epistemic standing the speaker has with respect to the proposition expressed by the assertion. While some including myself consider extra-propositional content relevant to whether, all things considered, a particular assertion is warranted — such as whether the assertion is polite or prudent — most have taken up Williamson’s project in articulating “simple” norms of assertion that consider such features external to the norm of assertion.
Chaotic and Stochastic Dynamics for Inelastic Systems with Hysteresis and Degradation

In this paper we attempt to introduce some new and fascinating discoveries in chaotic dynamics with particular emphasis on their relationship with stochastic dynamics. Our investigation centers around the deterministic structural system. We begin with a nonlinear hard or soft spring system governed by the well known Duffing’s equation. We then add the important engineering material behavior of hysteresis and degradation. Under a set of unique initial conditions and a harmonic steady state excitation, the response for a certain deterministic structural system is found to be stochastic.
Biochemical Fractionation of Drosophila Cells

This chapter describes how to perform basic biochemical fractionations of Drosophila cells, and how to begin to characterize the proteins in the resulting fractions. The protocols include maintenance and transfection of Drosophila cell lines (Section 3.1.), hypotonic lysis (Section 3.2.), and separation of cellular lysates into cytosolic and membrane enriched fractions (Section 3.3.). Cytosolic proteins and those extracted from the membrane enriched fraction can be characterized by size exclusion liquid chromatography (Section 3.4.),while the membrane enriched fraction can be subjected to equilibrium density centrifugation to separate different types of cellular membranes from dense, nonmembranous cellular components (Section 3.5.). The resulting fractions can be used to examine the subcellular localization of a given protein, or the activity of a given protein in various subcellular localizations. When the protein of interest is involved in a signaling pathway, its subcellular localization can provide insight into its mechanism of action in the pathway.
Packet size optimization for wireless nanosensor networks in the Terahertz band

Wireless Nanosensor Networks (WNSNs), i.e., networks of miniaturized devices with unprecedented sensing capabilities, are at the basis of transformative applications in the biomedical, environmental and industrial fields. Recent developments in plasmonic nano-antennas point to the Terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) as the frequency range of communication among nanosensors. While this potentially enables extremely high data rates in WNSNs, the very high path-loss at such frequencies and the limited power of energy-harvesting nano-devices limit the achievable throughput. In this paper, the link throughput maximization problem in WNSNs is addressed by taking into account the device and communication interdependencies in WNSNs. The optimal data packet size which maximizes the link efficiency is derived by capturing the device, channel, physical and link layer peculiarities of WNSNs. The energy harvesting limits and the successful packet transmission time are defined as the optimization problem constraints, and the optimal solution is derived by using a bisection method. Numerical results are provided to analyze the impact of the packet size for different error control strategies. The results show that the optimal packet size quickly decreases with the transmission distance, approaching several hundreds bits for distances beyond a few millimeters.
Polarization signaling for wireless communication

This paper explores fundamental properties of wireless communication using polarization-based modulation. Channel models for polarization shift keying (PolSK) are developed assuming additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading; the resulting analysis of a maximum likelihood receiver yields a bound on the symbol error rate (SER) for PolSK that is approximately 1.0 dB tighter than the previously published bound. In addition, insight into the fundamental performance of polarization-based modulation is gained by computing a bound on achievable rate derived from the channel's mutual information assuming equiprobable inputs. Finally, it is shown how statistical and instantaneous channel state information (CSI) can be exploited at the receiver to form asymmetric decision regions and improve SER performance.
Communicating Value in Health Care Using Radar Charts: A Case Study of Prostate Cancer

Purpose:The transformation from volume to value will require communication of outcomes and costs of therapies; however, outcomes are usually nonstandardized, and cost of therapy differs among stakeholders. We developed a standardized value framework by using radar charts to visualize and communicate a wide range of patient outcomes and cost for three forms of prostate cancer treatment.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data from men with low-risk prostate cancer who were treated with low-dose rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT), proton beam therapy, or robotic-assisted prostatectomy. Patient-reported outcomes comprised the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-50 domains for sexual function, urinary incontinence and/or bother, bowel bother, and vitality 12 months after treatment. Costs were measured by time-driven activity-based costing for the first 12 months of the care cycle. Outcome and cost data were plotted on a single radar chart for each treatment modality.Results:Outcome and cost data f...
Sympathetic Activity, Hypertension, and The Importance of a Good Night’s Sleep

See related article, pp 1467–1474 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and overall cardiovascular mortality, but the strongest association is with hypertension, and in particular with resistant hypertension.1 The negative health effects of OSA are thought to be due to fragmented sleep, negative intrathoracic pressure surges, hypercapnea, and intermittent hypoxia. Most of the research on the pathophysiology of OSA has focused on the importance of intermittent hypoxia-stimulating body chemoreceptors to induce sympathetic activation. There is substantial basic and clinical data supporting this pathway. Clinical studies have shown that acute hypoxic episodes induce sympathetic activation, as measured by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Importantly, this effect is continues after the acute hypoxic episodes, resulting in sustained daytime sympathetic activity, possibly through long-term facilitation of chemosensory drive by the carotid body.2,3 Experimental models of rodents exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia reproduce several of the cardiovascular pathological features of OSA, including hypertension and sympathetic hyperactivity,2 and these derangements are prevented by carotid body denervation. Even if the evidence for intermittent hypoxia-inducing sympathetic activation is solid, it is less clear if this alone mediates the increase in sympathetic activity and cardiovascular risk; for example, nocturnal oxygen supplementation prevents hypoxic episodes, but only continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) and not oxygen supplementation reduced blood pressure in patients with OSA.4 The study of Taylor et al …
Response to "Extended-interval gentamicin administration in neonates: an over-simplified approach".

Response to “Extended-interval gentamicin administration in neonates: an over-simplified approach”
Cutting Tetrahedra by Node Identifiers

This report briefly outlines an algorithm for dividing a tetrahedron intersected by a planar interface into conforming sub-tetrahedra. The problem of conformal decomposition of tetrahedral meshes arises in enriched finite element methods; in particular, we are concerned with the Conformal Decomposition Finite Element Method (CDFEM) and variants of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The algorithm presented is based on the paper How to Subdivide Pyramids, Prisms and Hexahedra into Tetrahedra by Dompierre, Labbe, Vallet, and Camarero (1999), and here is applied and extended to the problem of fully defining and tracking all geometric features of the sub-tetrahedra generated when a tetrahedron is cut by a planar surface.
Latent Structural Analysis of Health Outcomes in People Living With Spinal Cord Injury.

Abstract Objective To develop a latent structural model of health outcomes in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) that accounts for the measurement of underlying factors and their association with demographic and injury-related exogenous variables. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Specialty hospital and medical university. Participants Participants with traumatic SCI (N=1871) of at least 1-year duration. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify latent health outcome structures. Several key exogenous variables were also linked with the latent health outcome factors. Results Six latent health outcome factors were identified by the exploratory factor analysis with excellent model fit (root mean square error of approximation=.040). These latent factors included (1) global health problems; (2) chronic disease; (3) acute treatments; (4) symptoms of SCI complications, (5) pressure ulcers; and (6) subsequent injuries. Sex, race/ethnicity, age, years since injury, and injury severity were all significantly associated with at least 1 latent health outcome factor, which indicates that these latent health outcomes varied as a function of the exogenous variables. Conclusions This study improved our understanding of the structure of health outcomes, and utilization of latent health outcome factors provides more stable and comprehensive composite scores than does utilization of a single observed health outcome indicator.
Cell-type selective deletion of RSK2 reveals insights into altered signaling in Coffin-Lowry Syndrome

Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) is an X-linked syndromic form of mental retardation characterized by various skeletal dysmorphisms, moderate to severe mental retardation, and in some cases, psychosis. CLS is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RPS6KA3) gene encoding a growth factor-regulated serine/threonine kinase, ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2). We previously identified RSK2 as a novel interacting protein that tonically inhibits 5-HT2A receptor signaling by phosphorylating Ser-314 within the third intracellular loop. To determine if RSK2 inhibits 5-HT2A receptor signaling in vivo and whether disruption of RSK2 could lead to schizophrenia-like behaviors - as is seen in some CLS patients - we genetically disrupted the function of RSK2 either globally or selectively in forebrain pyramidal neurons in mice. Both global and forebrain-selective RSK2 deletion augmented the locomotor responses to the psychotomimetic drugs phencyclidine (PCP) and amphetamine (AMPH). Significantly, forebrain-selective deletion of RSK2 augmented 5-HT2A receptor signaling as exemplified by enhanced 5-HT2A-mediated c-fos activation and head-twitch response without altering the levels or distribution of 5-HT2A receptor protein. Thus, RSK2 modulates 5HT2A receptor function in vivo, and disruption of RSK2 leads to augmented psychostimulant-induced responses reminiscent of those seen in many animal models of schizophrenia. These findings strengthen the association between 5-HT2A receptor dysfunction and psychosis, and provide a potential mechanism underlying the schizophrenia-like symptoms present in some CLS patients.
High speed receiver bandwidth extraction with noise injection

An effective and non-destructive receiver characterization method is proposed in this paper. This method can extract unknown third party device bandwidth information. It enables accurate end to end signal integrity study from transmitter to receiver.
On the Linkage between Labrador Sea Water Volume and Overturning Circulation in the Labrador Sea: A Case Study on Proxies

AbstractAlthough proxies have generally been used to study deep ocean convection and overturning circulation in the Labrador Sea, their efficacy has not been explicitly evaluated because observations that directly measure those variables are scarce. In this study, the volume of newly formed Labrador Sea Water (LSW) and the overturning circulation in the Labrador Sea are estimated using observational data and output from a high-resolution ocean model and then compared to proxies used to represent those variables. The comparisons reveal the limitations of proxies, highlighting the desirability of robust estimates derived from direct monitoring in the region [i.e., from Argo and Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP)]. A linkage among LSW formation, overturning circulation in the Labrador Sea, and the export of LSW from the basin on interannual time scales is found in the model.
Fermentation alters the bioaccessible phenolic compounds and increases the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effects of aronia juice in a dairy matrix following in vitro digestion

The prevalence of diabetes reached 415 million worldwide in 2015. Polyphenol-rich food intake can benefit the glycemic control for individuals with diabetes. Fermentation may increase the bioavailability of polyphenols, which is generally low. Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) is a polyphenol-rich berry that is native to North America. Proanthocyanins and anthocyanins are the major phenolic compounds in aronia. In this study, aronia kefir was made by fermenting cow's milk with added aronia juice. The changes in bioaccessible polyphenols of aronia kefir during digestion were assessed using an in vitro model. The impact of fermentation on the potential bioactivity of aronia polyphenols was evaluated. Results showed that the bioaccessible polyphenols in aronia kefir were elevated during digestion and the antioxidant capacity increased (IC50 of DPPH scavenging decreased from 24.07 mg kefir per mL to 8.97 mg kefir per mL). Digested aronia kefir had less bioaccessible anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside) but similar antioxidant capacity and stronger inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase (IC50: 152.53 mg kefir per mL) compared to the non-fermented control (IC50: 484.93 mg kefir per mL). These results indicate that fermentation may produce metabolites with higher antioxidant capacity and better α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Utilizing aronia kefir in the diet is a good strategy to help control blood glucose levels without abdominal side effects. Fermentation may be an effective method to increase the bioavailability of dietary polyphenols in food. More studies about the effects of fermentation on polyphenol-rich food are needed to optimize the potential health-promoting properties.
Refugee Access to Tertiary Education

Sixty million people are seeking refuge, either in safer parts of their country or region or abroad, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Around 10% are of university age; in other words, among them are six million young men and women, less than 1% of whom have access to tertiary education. These potential students represent “a lost generation,” a huge cadre of physicians, engineers, teachers, economists, and agronomists who, under different circumstances, could have made valuable contributions to the world. Lack of access, however, is discouraging them from fulfilling their dreams through higher education. These are precisely the people a postconflict country needs to lead and in order to rebuild. The 2016 New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (A/RES/71/1, para. 82) stated that “higher education serves as a powerful driver for change, shelters and protects a critical group of young men and women, by maintaining their hopes for the future, fosters inclusion and nondiscrimination and acts as a catalyst for the recovery and rebuilding of post-conflict countries.” Yet UNHCR, donor countries, and host countries provide few facilities for these potential young professionals to complete their education. This chapter will describe what is being done and what could be done better.
Demetrius Poliorcetes, Kairos, and the Sacred and Civil Calendars of Athens

This paper demonstrates that Demetrius Poliorcetes repeatedly scheduled to arrive in Athens during important religious festivals. The commemoration of these instances of kairos enshrined Demetrius in the calendars of the city and furthered his program of divine self-fashioning. The recognition that Demetrius and his Athenian partisans were attentive to timing helps to explain the nature of the divine honors the king received in Athens as well as his desire to be initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries in irregular fashion. When the relationship between city and king soured, timing was a central component of the effort to remove Demetrius from the cults and calendars of Athens.
Incremental decrease to total effective dose delivered by subtracting residual activity in an 18F-FDG syringe

2528 Objectives Measuring residual activity after injecting patients with 18F-FDG is not always taken into consideration. This may affect the actual dosage administered to a patient. This study was done to determine the amount of residual activity that adhered to the syringe after an injection, influencing the total dose delivered to patients. Methods 18F-FDG doses in this study were supplied as unit dosages, in a Becton, Dickinson and Company 3cc syringe, by a commercial nuclear pharmacy. Injection administrations were performed by three technologists to account for the variable IV techniques. Each dose was ordered and administered based on the patient weight. The range of dosage activity was from 5 to 18mci. Dosages were assayed prior to injection in a dose calibrator located in the same room, and residual activity of each syringe was assayed immediately following IV injection of the patient. Decay correction was not calculated as the time difference was found to be negligible. Results Data from a total of 46 patient injections was collected and the residual activity was calculated as a percentage of the administered dosage. From the data collected, an average of 5.2% with a standard deviation of ±2.2 % of the assayed activity was left in the syringe. If a patient received a dose of 10 mCi then the total effective dose would be reduced by 0.35 mSv. Conclusions Residual activity in an 18F-FDG injection syringe, if taken into consideration will result in a reduction in the total effective dose by 5.2 ±2.2%. Even though the dose contribution is small, one should establish the average residual activity in a syringe to determine the impact on the total effective dose delivered to the patient.
The Mentor-Mentee Relationship: The Devil Is in the Details

Mentoring is a well-established means of professional development in medicine as well as other career fields. Good mentoring is a positive developmental process that can benefit students and doctors at all career stages. Its success is often dependent on the efforts applied by the mentee, as well as the mentor, and good communication between the two. A mentor acts as a teacher and role model who encourages the growth and independent thinking of the mentee, with the ultimate goal to facilitate the mentee’s professional advancement. The relationship formed between the two is dynamic, complex and can either be mutually-beneficial or destructive depending on several factors. Difficulties that may be encountered in the mentorship can be compared to those that occur in any caring relationship. Through the discussion of three cases, this chapter reviews key definitions, stages, and roles within the mentoring relationship that provide insight into possible ethical issues or problems that may arise. Potential conflicts usually stem from poor implementation of mentoring and thus better understanding of the process may result in improved outcomes for both the mentor and mentee. The chapter also provides support for the continued use of mentoring in the professional and social development of the students, residents, and faculty involved in the process.
The Distinctiveness of Legal Hermeneutics

In the larger field of hermeneutics, legal hermeneutics is characteristically described as exemplary. While I detail ways in which legal hermeneutics is paradigmatic - particularly in its immersion in application to new cases - more generally I argue that its insights are more regional. I contend in particular that Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics offers much to refine the insights of legal hermeneutics, but the discreteness of the field of legal interpretation requires refinement of Ricoeur's own theory. The chapter proceeds in three steps. First, I briefly review the main themes of Ricoeur's hermeneutics, particularly his emphasis on the semantic autonomy of the text, and draw upon examples from the American legal context that generally support and extend the significance of Ricoeur's insight. Second, I turn to the limitations of Ricoeur's general hermeneutics as applied to American legal interpretation. The author of the legal text does retain a significance in legal interpretation that is not required in other fields. Because a legal author - a legislature or court - requires obedience to the terms of a text it promulgates, its expression is limited to the range of its legitimate authority. Third, I show how the law can act as an exemplary form of hermeneutics in its attention to the application of meaning to particular circumstances. As Gadamer anticipated and as Ricoeur more expansively details, legal hermeneutics here does offer insights into a more general hermeneutics in its imaginative correlation between meaning and application.
Experimental evidence for the geometric clutch hypothesis

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are complex filamentous organelles that undulate rapidly and produce propulsive force against the fluids that surround the living cell. They provide a number of important functions in the life cycle of higher organisms including humans. A flagellum propels the spermatozoa to the site of fertilization and cilia move the egg through the oviduct to the uterus and have a role in left-right asymmetry in the developing embryo and contribute to normal brain morphology. The geometric clutch hypothesis is a mechanistic explanation of how the repetitive bending of cilia and flagella is generated. This chapter recounts the events leading to the development of the geometric clutch hypothesis, explores the conceptual framework of the hypothesis as it relates to properties of the axoneme, and considers the experimental support for the existence of such a mechanism in real cilia and flagella.
The (un)translatability of translational literature: Ahdaf Soueif’s The Map of Love between English and Arabic

Through a comparative reading of Ahdaf Soueif’s The Map of Love (1999) and Fatma Musa’s translation, Kharitat al-hubb (2004), this article considers whether the translation from English to Arabic c...
Conservation Beyond Protected Areas: The Challenge of Landraces and Crop Wild Relatives

One effect of the Green Revolution has been the displacement of landraces and traditional livestock strains. Although humankind has historically cultivated more than 7000 species, 15 crops now provide 90% of the world’s food energy intake. The shift from traditional to modern production systems has led to genetic erosion of many crop species, and to the disappearance of a number of landraces—plants that are morphologically distinct, have some genetic integrity but are also genetically variable and dynamic, and have distinctive properties in terms of yield, date of maturity, pest and disease resistance. The paper evaluates the effects of genetic erosion on wealth. Local wealth effects stem from the role of landraces and wild crop relatives in managing environmental risk, especially in the least developed countries. Global wealth effects stem from the fact that loss of genetic resources reduces our capacity to adapt to environmental (especially climate) change. Using the conservation principle implicit in the Hotelling arbitrage condition, it will consider the efficiency and equity implications of genetic erosion in agriculture and forestry and will address the particular conservation challenge posed by the need for genetically dynamic crop resources to be conserved in situ.
Commercial Insurance Coverage for Inflatable Penile Prosthesis at a Tertiary Care Center.

AbstractIntroduction:Inflatable penile prosthesis has become an important treatment modality for men with erectile dysfunction that is refractory to medication. Despite high levels of patient satis...
Social closure, school socioeconomic composition, and inequality in college enrollments

Abstract We study associations between secondary school socioeconomic composition and college destinations using the Education Longitudinal Study, and whether the association between school SES and type of college enrollment varies by student socioeconomic background. We also examine nonlinearities in these associations, seeking to understand if avoiding poor secondary schools or seeking out affluent secondary schools drives the positive associations between socioeconomic composition and college destinations. Our results indicate that higher SES schools benefit mid- and high-SES students more so than low-SES students. Furthermore, the relationships between school SES and college destinations are non-linear. Results suggest mid- and high-SES students’ chances of enrolling in nonselective four-year colleges are higher when they avoid the poorest schools, while their chances of enrolling in selective four-year colleges increase when they enroll in the most affluent secondary schools.
Development and Implementation of a Student-Led Lifestyle Medicine Curriculum

Significant contributors to rising health care costs are diseases influenced by lifestyle, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Unfortunately, American medical education devotes disproportionately little time training future doctors in prevention. Approach. With the support of medical education leadership, medical students collaborated with a faculty advisor at Wake Forest School of Medicine to test the feasibility of a broad-based, student-led lifestyle medicine curriculum. After 3 introductory sessions delivered to an entire medical school class, a smaller pilot series with 16 first-year medical students was held after-hours, featuring experiential learning in nutrition and cooking, physical activity, and sleep. The 8 modules were designed to improve student health, wellness, and knowledge of health behaviors. Feedback. The program was implemented into the first-year medical school class. An unforeseen benefit of the pilot was increased student volunteering in community-based wellness activities and research. Two components of success were the hands-on, experiential modules and being student-led. Details on curriculum development, schedule, and content are provided.
Photomorphogenesis of the root system in developing sunflower seedlings: a role for sucrose

The domestic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. 'Giganteus') has been used since the 19th century as a model plant for the study of seedling development in darkness and white light (WL) (scoto- versus photomorphogenesis). However, most pertinent studies have focused on the developmental patterns of the hypocotyl and cotyledons, whereas the root system has been largely ignored. In this study, we analysed entire sunflower seedlings (root and shoot) and quantified organ development in the above- and belowground parts of the organism under natural (non-sterile) conditions. We document that seedlings, raised in moist vermiculite, are covered with methylobacteria, microbes that are known to promote root development in Arabidopsis. Quantitative data revealed that during photomorphogenesis in WL, the root system expands by 90%, whereas stem elongation is inhibited, and hook opening/cotyledon expansion occurs. Root morphogenesis may be mediated via imported sucrose provided by the green, photosynthetically active cotyledons. This hypothesis is supported by the documented effect of sucrose on the induction of lateral root initials in sunflower cuttings. Under these experimental conditions, phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin, brassinolide) exerted little effect on root and cotyledon expansion, and no hormone-induced initiation of lateral roots was observed. It is concluded that sucrose not only acts as an energy source to fuel cell metabolism but is also a shoot-derived signalling molecule that triggers root morphogenesis.
Donor-specific antibodies in a pediatric kidney transplant population-Prevalence and association with antiproliferative drug dosing.

Prevalence and implications of anti-HLA class I and class II antibodies are beginning to be better characterized in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. dnDSA formation is predictive of AMR and downstream diminished graft function and survival. However, risk factors for the development of dnDSA are not well defined in this patient population. After introducing DSA surveillance into our pediatric kidney transplant program, we are reporting the prevalence of class I and class II DSA in 67 otherwise stable recipients. Secondary end-points included risk factors for DSA development and assessment of graft function. Significantly, lower median daily MMF doses were observed in patients with DSAs compared to patients without DSAs (371 vs 617 mg/m2 /d, respectively; P = 0.035). Class II DSA formation was more common, with a prevalence of 17.9%, as compared to 10.4% for class I DSA. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was also decreased in patients with positive DSA vs those with negative titers (71, SD 25 vs 78, SD 29 mL/min/1.73 m2 , respectively; P = 0.034). We conclude that reduced-dose MMF is associated with dnDSA and DSA is associated with diminished graft function in stable pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
Immune subgroups and the tumor microenvironment as a potential new biomarker to assess response to immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a new standard of care therapeutic option for patients with recurrent or metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Following the recent presentation of Keynote-048, the use of Pembrolizumab either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy can be considered as first-line treatment for patients with measurable PD-L1 in their tumor or microenvironment (1).
Anglican Marriage Law in the Making: Becon, Bullinger, and Bucer

This essay - dedicated to Professor Williams for his pathbreaking work on the Reformation - explores one small part of this story. My subject is the new Anglican theology and law of marriage that emerged in the wake of King Henry VIII’s great battle with Pope Clement V over the annulment of his marriage with Catherine of Aragon. Henry's battle, from 1527 to 1534, was the catalyst of the English Reformation in general and of the English reformation of marriage in particular. It triggered an explosion of new Protestant literature in England both on marriage and its dissolution and on the canon law of marriage and its reformation. Some of this literature was indigenous, building on a two-century tradition of English antipapalism and anticanonicalism inaugurated by John Wycliff, William of Ockham, and others. Some of this literature was of Continental origin. Both genres of literature are reflected in the writings of three figures active from 1525 to 1565 - Thomas Becon, Heinrich Bullinger, and Martin Bucer. These three figures do not figure prominently in conventional accounts of Tudor marriage doctrine and law. Yet, taken together, their writings provided a fertile seedbed out of which would grow many of the distinctive features of Anglican theology.
Narrative and Spatial Design through Immersive Music and Audio

I consider VR experiences to be post-cinematic spatial narratives or spatial conceptual artworks. This is the foundation of my sonic work in VR: to create an environment the VR participant inhabits as a means of understanding an aesthetic space textually, visually, and sonically. This paper documents my exploration of various compositional and sonic approaches for immersing a VR participant into both narrative and conceptual space, through a set of three VR prototypes I created between 2016 and the present. Each prototype explores a particular approach to sonic immersion, and the result of each approach is an idiomatic relationship between narrative and conceptual elements within each VR environment. The three prototypes explore simple collision triggers, algorithmic composition, and ultimately the integrating of first-person narratives, blending VR documentary and conceptual form.
Affordable Setup for Studying Photochemistry in Action in Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories: Principles and Applications.

Molecular photochemistry is an integral field in chemistry. Despite this, it is often difficult to demonstrate an effective hands-on experiment that offers a unique opportunity to students to obser...
Cancer-induced Cardiac Atrophy Adversely Affects Myocardial Redox State and Mitochondrial Oxidative Characteristics.

Cachexia presents in 80% of advanced cancer patients; however, cardiac atrophy in cachectic patients receives little attention. This cardiomyopathy contributes to increased occurrence of adverse cardiac events compared to age-matched population norms. Research on cardiac atrophy has focused on remodeling; however, alterations in metabolic properties may be a primary contributor. Purpose Determine how cancer-induced cardiac atrophy alters mitochondrial turnover, mitochondrial mRNA translation machinery and in-vitro oxidative characteristics. Methods Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumors were implanted in C57BL6/J mice and grown for 28days to induce cardiac atrophy. Endogenous metabolic species, and markers of mitochondrial function were assessed. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in LLC-conditioned media with(out) the antioxidant MitoTempo. Cells were analyzed for ROS, oxidative capacity, and hypoxic resistance. Results LLC heart weights were ~10% lower than controls. LLC hearts demonstrated ~15% lower optical redox ratio (FAD/FAD+NADH) compared to PBS controls. When compared to PBS, LLC hearts showed ~50% greater COX-IV and VDAC, attributed to ~50% lower mitophagy markers. mt-mRNA translation machinery was elevated similarly to markers of mitochondrial content. mitochondrial DNA-encoded Cytb was ~30% lower in LLC hearts. ROS scavengers GPx-3 and GPx-7 were ~50% lower in LLC hearts. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with LLC-conditioned media resulted in higher ROS (25%), lower oxygen consumption rates (10% at basal, 75% at maximal), and greater susceptibility to hypoxia (~25%) -- which was reversed by MitoTempo. Conclusion These results substantiate metabolic cardiotoxic effects attributable to tumor-associated factors and provide insight into interactions between mitochondrial mRNA translation, ROS mitigation, oxidative capacity and hypoxia resistance.
Alimentación saludable: ¡Organice su plato!

Planear sus comidas puede ayudar a controlar las porciones y la cantidad de carbohidratos que usted consume a traves del dia. Esto es especialmente importante si usted padece de la diabetes o si usted es una persona en alto riesgo de padecer de la diabetes. This 2-page document is the Spanish version of Healthy Eating: Create Your Plate. Written by Jennifer Hillan and Linda B. Bobroff, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, revised December 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy907
Interformation: The Ethics of Interreligious Ritual Participation

Under which circumstances should Protestant Christians participate in the ritual of the religious other? And when should we invite the religious other to participate in our own rituals? These questions raise a host of theological and ethical issues. This chapter will analyse several cases of interreligious ritual participation from a variety of analytical perspectives. The discussion is of critical contemporary importance, as people of faith enter into situations of interreligious practice more frequently. Whether attending a roommate’s synagogue, a neighbour’s mosque, a relative’s church, or a coworker’s temple, opportunities to transgress ritual boundaries are numerous. At the same time, the permutations of the various interreligious situations severely complicate any analysis. Nevertheless, the interreligious decisions we make have spiritual implications for the individuals involved, sociological implications for their communities, and political implications for the broader society. Since the decisions are so consequential, we must make them with theological and ethical awareness. This chapter elucidates some theological and ethical implications of interreligious ritual participation. It concludes by offering guidelines for participation in the rituals of other religious traditions, while acknowledging that the variety of possible situations demands a contextual ethic.
A Study of Individual Differences in Categorization with Redundancy

Humans and other animals are constantly learning new categories and making categorization decisions in their everyday life. However, different individuals may focus on different information when learning categories, which can impact the category representation and the information that is used when making categorization decisions. This article used computational modeling of behavioral data to take a closer look at this possibility in the context of a categorization task with redundancy. Iterative decision bomid modeling and drift diffusion models were used to detect individual differences in human categorization performance. The results show that participants differ in terms of what stimulus features they learned and how they use the learned features. For example, while some participants only learn one stimulus dimension (which is sufficient for perfect accuracy), others learn both stimulus dimensions (which is not required for perfect accuracy). Among participants that learned both dimensions, some used both dimensions, while others show error and RT patterns suggesting the use of only one of the dimensions. The diversity of obtained results is problematic for existing categorization models and suggests that each categorization model may be able to account for the performance of some but not all participants.
Investigating value, loyalty, and trust as determinants of purchase intention on the Pinterest social media network

This paper makes a contribution in the investigation of constructs of value, loyalty, and trust as determinants of purchase intention on the Pinterest social media network, and shows gender variations in engagement and use of Pinterest, relative to other social media. Using the Pinterest social media network, the specific purpose of this study is to investigate constructs of value, loyalty, trust, and the impact of these constructs on purchase intention. Data were gathered from a sample of 357 respondents in the Southeast USA. Constructs of value, loyalty, and trust were tested with good Cronbach alpha results, and found to be determinants of purchase intention. Females had significantly higher scores on these constructs. Engagement varied significantly among social media. Among those with significant gender differences, females had higher engagement, with Pinterest showing the largest relative female-male difference.
Quantitative Amplitude Measuring φ-OTDR using a Sequence of Frequency Shifted Pulses

We present a -OTDR sensor that recovers quantitative strain information from the Rayleigh backscattering ϕ amplitude of a sequence of frequency-shifted pulses. This approach allows for higher launch power, enabling low-noise ( 1.3 p e / Hz ) dynamic strain sensing.
Active Breathing Coordinator in adjuvant three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of early stage breast cancer: a feasibility study.

Aims. To investigate the technical feasibility of utilizing the Active Breathing Coordinator for planning of postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing breast conservation therapy. Methods. Patients with early stage breast cancer for whom adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery was planned were consecutively enrolled. Five sessions of simulation with the Active Breathing Coordinator were planned for each patient. Computed tomography for simulation was not acquired until a good level of compliance with the procedure was achieved by the patient. Patients who did not show a satisfactory level of compliance after the planned fifth session were defined as noncompliant. Two simulation computed tomography scans were acquired: the first without the Active Breathing Coordinator during free breathing, the second with the Active Breathing Coordinator. Forward intensity-modulated treatment plans were calculated. Mean lung dose (MLD ipsilateral ) and V30 (V30 lung ) for the ipsilateral lung and V30 for the heart (V30 heart ), were evaluated. Results. Twenty consecutive patients were enrolled (6 with left-sided breast cancer and 14 with right-sided breast cancer). Eighteen of the patients completed the simulation computed tomography with the Active Breathing Coordinator after 1-5 sessions (median, 3). In 16 of the 18 patients, a reduction of V30 lung was observed with the Active Breathing Coordinator. In 15 of the 18 patients, a reduction of MLD ipsilateral was also observed. In 5 of the 6 patients with left-sided breast cancer, a reduction of V30 heart was noted. Conclusions. Routine application of the Active Breathing Coordinator in clinical practice is feasible, even though it requires an increased workload. Dosimetric results are encouraging in terms of a better sparing of the ipsilateral lung and the heart. Free full text available at www.tumorionline.it.
Comparison of Iodophor and Alcohol Pledgets with the Medi-Flex Blood Culture Prep Kit II for Preventing Contamination of Blood Cultures

Iodophor and alcohol pledgets were compared with the Medi-Flex Prep Kit II for skin disinfection before venipuncture. Of 12,367 blood cultures collected, 6,362 were done with conventional pledgets and 6,005 were done with Medi-Flex kits. Contamination occurred in 351 of 6,362 blood cultures (5.5%; range, 3.7 to 8.1%) with conventional pledgets versus 328 of 6,005 (5.5%; range, 3.5 to 7.5%) with Medi-Flex kits.
Non-repudiation and the metaphysics of presence

Way back in the 1950s, when computer science and communications engineering were really just beginning, there was a great deal of enthusiasm for treating human beings as if they were machines. There was Alan Turing’s work on the Turing Test, and there was Norbert Weiner’s work on cybernetics. Claude Levi-Strauss, the anthropologist, was inspired by all of this to go and use some stolen computer science and communications engineering ideas in anthropology. To do that you need to bash the concepts about so much that they’re barely recognisable. After its success in anthropology, Levi-Stauss’s approach – by then known as “structuralism” – was applied to literary criticism. And then a certain amount of scepticism set in that this didn’t quite work or wasn’t quite right.
Carcinoma of the ovary after the menopause associated with recurrence of uterine bleeding

Abstract Carcinoma of the ovary is a disease of late adult life. Patients with primary malignant ovarian tumors show a high rate of sterility. Removal of all ovarian tumors as soon as discovered should be the rule. When carcinoma of the ovary originates after the menopause, it may be accompanied by uterine bleeding and rarely may show no other sign. Therefore, postclimacteric uterine bleeding, with no apparent cause, must be regarded as suspicious of ovarian malignancy.