cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microbiological and Nutritional Analysis of Lettuce Crops Grown on the International Space Station.

The ability to grow safe, fresh food to supplement packaged foods of astronauts in space has been an important goal for NASA. Food crops grown in space experience different environmental conditions than plants grown on Earth (e.g., reduced gravity, elevated radiation levels). To study the effects of space conditions, red romaine lettuce, Lactuca sativa cv 'Outredgeous', plants were grown in Veggie plant growth chambers on the International Space Station (ISS) and compared with groundgrown plants. Multiple plantings were grown on ISS and harvested using either a single, final harvest, or sequential harvests in which several mature leaves were removed from the plants at weekly intervals. Ground controls were grown simultaneously with a 24-72 hour delay using ISS environmental data. Food safety of the plants was determined by heterotrophic plate counts for bacteria and fungi, as well as isolate identification using samples taken from the leaves and roots.
Comprehensive Dual- and Triple-Feature Intersectional Single-Vector Delivery of Diverse Functional Payloads to Cells of Behaving Mammals

Summary The resolution and dimensionality with which biologists can characterize cell types have expanded dramatically in recent years, and intersectional consideration of such features (e.g., multiple gene expression and anatomical parameters) is increasingly understood to be essential. At the same time, genetically targeted technology for writing in and reading out activity patterns for cells in living organisms has enabled causal investigation in physiology and behavior; however, cell-type-specific delivery of these tools (including microbial opsins for optogenetics and genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators) has thus far fallen short of versatile targeting to cells jointly defined by many individually selected features. Here, we develop a comprehensive intersectional targeting toolbox including 39 novel vectors for joint-feature-targeted delivery of 13 molecular payloads (including opsins, indicators, and fluorophores), systematic approaches for development and optimization of new intersectional tools, hardware for in vivo monitoring of expression dynamics, and the first versatile single-virus tools (Triplesect) that enable targeting of triply defined cell types.
Adapting techniques for calcium imaging in muscles of adult Brugia malayi

Brugia malayi is a human filarial nematode parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis or 'elephantiasis' a disfiguring neglected tropical disease. This parasite is a more tractable nematode parasite for the experimental study of anthelmintic drugs and has been studied with patch-clamp and RNAi techniques. Unlike in C. elegans however, calcium signaling in B. malayi or other nematode parasites has not been achieved, limiting the studies of the mode of action of anthelmintic drugs. We describe here the development of calcium imaging methods that allow us to characterize changes in cellular calcium in the muscles of B. malayi. This is a powerful technique that can help in elucidating the mode of action of selected anthelmintics. We developed two approaches that allow the recording of calcium signals in the muscles of adult B. malayi: (a) soaking the muscles with Fluo-3AM, promoting large-scale imaging of multiple cells simultaneously and, (b) direct insertion of Fluo-3 using microinjection, providing the possibility of performing dual calcium and electrophysiological recordings. Here, we describe the techniques used to optimize dye entry into the muscle cells and demonstrate that detectable increases in Fluo-3 fluorescence to elevated calcium concentrations can be achieved in B. malayi using both techniques.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatrics and Pediatric Transplantation Programs

COVID-19 has dramatically altered the health care landscape and disrupted global health and world economics in ways that are still being measured. Its impact on children with chronic conditions or those undergoing transplantation is evolving. The organ specific manifestations in children will be reviewed and treatment strategies outlined. The impact on pediatric transplantation in the United States over the initial 6 months of the pandemic has shown significant regional variation and lags persist in resumption of normal transplant activity, particularly for living related transplantation. Finally, guidelines regarding return to school will be discussed.
The socialization of public service motivation in the home: the effect of parental PSM on the PSM of their progeny

While much is known about the consequences of PSM, comparatively little is known about the causes of PSM. Furthermore, while PSM is believed to be influenced by parents, no study has obtained measu...
Physical and social anhedonia in female adolescents: A factor analysis of self-report measures.

Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom of psychopathology that includes diminished positive emotions and anticipation and enjoyment of reward, with particular salience during adolescence. However, the construct validity of anhedonia dimensions is not well established, thus limiting operationalization and generalization of the construct. We applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to identify latent dimensions of anhedonia across four commonly used self-report measures covering different facets of anhedonic experience within a nonclinical sample of female adolescents across two waves of data collection (N = 173, Mage = 19.25; N = 147, Mage = 20.23). Factor analyses yielded a two-factor model with a physical anhedonia factor emphasizing enjoyment from physical sensations and a social anhedonia factor focusing on emotional connections with other people. These results have implications for the measurement of anhedonia in women's emotional well-being and mental health research, including research designed to identify facets of anhedonia that predict the onset, severity, and persistence of psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among veterans experiencing housing insecurity.

Introduction Housing insecure veterans are aging, but the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) in the population is unknown. Methods We calculated the prevalence of AD/ADRD diagnoses in 2018 among veterans that experienced homelessness, were at-risk for homelessness, or were stably housed. We determined acute care (emergency department, hospitalizations, psychiatric hospitalizations), and any long-term care (nursing home, and community-based) use by housing status among veterans with an AD/ADRD diagnosis. Results The overall prevalence of AD/ADRD diagnoses for homeless, at-risk, and stably housed veterans was 3.66%, 13.48%, and 3.04%, respectively. Housing insecure veterans with AD/ADRD used more acute care, and were more likely to have a nursing home admission compared to stably housed veterans. At risk, but not homeless veterans, were more likely to use US Department of Veterans Affairs-paid home and community-based care than stably housed veterans. Discussion The prevalence of AD/ADRD diagnoses is greater among housing insecure veterans than stably housed veterans.
DERIVE im Mathematikunterricht

Ich denke, das DERIVE ein wunderbares Lehrmittel ist, weil es sehr leistungsstark ist. DERIVE lauft auf kleinen, preiswerten Computern ebenso wie auf teuren Hochleistungsrechnern. Eine moderate Investition ermoglicht, wunderbare Untersuchungen zu machen.
Micromechanical Analysis of the TiO 2 /Si Interface Using the Scanning Acoustic Microscope

With the increasing use of thin film devices, a need has arisen for a better understanding of the mechanical properties of these film/substrate systems. Of particular importance, in many cases, is the adhesion between substrate and film. Several methods are commonly used to test the mechanical behavior of these interfacial systems, but for the most part, they are not quantitative, lack repeatability, and result in destruction of the sample [1]. In cases where the sample is rare or difficult to prepare, a nondestructive method would be highly desirable.
Applications of Resonant Tunneling in Semiconductor Heterostructures

These notes are the third part of a set of three lectures presenting the basic concepts related to resonant tunneling in semiconductor heterostructures, and their application to electronic devices. The first two lectures, published elsewhere 1, were devoted to the physics of resonant tunneling and to fundamental topics of current interest. This part deals primarily with the implementation of those ideas into devices, with a short introductory review of relevant physics concepts.
Range Assignment for High Connectivity in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Depending on whether bidirectional links or unidirectional links are used for communications, the network topology under a given range assignment is either an undirected graph referred to as the symmetric topology, or a directed graph referred to as the asymmetric topology. The Min-Power Symmetric (resp., Asymmetric) k-Node Connectivity problem seeks a range assignment of minimum total power subject to the constraint the induced symmetric (resp. asymmetric) topology is k-connected. Similarly, the Min-Power Symmetric (resp., Asymmetric) k-Edge Connectivity problem seeks a range assignment of minimum total power subject to the constraint the induced symmetric (resp., asymmetric) topology is k-edge connected.
Fundamental Interactions, Nuclear Masses, Astrophysics, and QCD

During his long and varied career, Robert Tribble has made important contributions in many areas of nuclear physics. He has set new limits on the existence of second‐class currents, lepton‐flavor violation, and right‐handed interactions. He optimized the use of the (4He,8He) reaction to determine nuclear masses and study charge‐dependent effects in nuclei. He has developed a new indirect procedure to determine astrophysical reaction rates and applied it to study important nuclear reactions that occur in our sun, in massive stars, and in novae. He has explored anti‐quark distributions in nucleons and nuclei, and the polarization of gluons in the nucleon. A brief overview of Bob Tribble's many accomplishments is presented.
Construct Validity in Health Behavior Research: Interpreting Latent Variable Models Involving Self-Report and Objective Measures

Latent variable models assess the common variance across multiple indicators of a specific construct and are often used when measurement error may bias parameter estimates. However, care must be taken when interpreting the meaning of the latent construct when using item indicators that come from different measurement domains (e.g., self-report and biochemical indicators of smoking). Utilizing simulated data, we demonstrate that even though a model may be considered to have a “good fit” based on conventional criteria, data interpretation may be misleading or erroneous if precautions are not taken when specifying residual covariances. These findings have important implications for health-related research. Whenever different kinds of data are used to define latent variables in a health domain, exactly what items are used, and what biases may be present can affect, sometimes dramatically, (a) the definition of the latent variables and (b) the effects of the latent variables on other variables of interest.
A note on the performance of climatic forecasts for Asia based on the periodic portion of the data: 1986–1987

Between 1973 and 1986 a group at the University of Wisconsin worked on the use of the periodic portion of climatic time series with the aim of exploring the potential for year-or-more in advance forecasting. This paper reports on the real time verification of the last sets of forecasts made by the group.
Driving the electron over the edge

At low temperatures, many materials, from organics to oxides, undergo a pressure-driven "Mott transition": A small change in the distance between the atoms causes the electrical resistivity of the system to change by many orders of magnitude, without a change in crystal symmetry. In his Perspective, Kotliar highlights the report by Limelette et al. , who have investigated the dependence of the resistivity of a doped vanadium oxide on pressure and temperature around the Mott critical endpoint (where the Mott transition becomes continuous). A purely electronic model accounts for the major features of the experiments, but some more detailed features require the coupling between electrons and the crystal lattice to be taken into account.
An Object-Oriented Architecture for Possibilistic Models

An architecture for the implementation of possibilistic models in an object-oriented programming environment (C++ in particular) is described. Fundamental classes for special and general random sets, their associated fuzzy measures, special and general distributions and fuzzy sets, and possibilistic processes are specified. Supplementary methods—including the fast Mobius transform, the maximum entropy and Bayesian approximations of random sets, distribution operators, compatibility measures, consonant approximations, frequency conversions, and possibilistic normalization and measurement methods—are also introduced. Empirical results to be investigated are also described.
Movement, Function, Pain, and Postoperative Edema in Axillary Web Syndrome

Background Axillary web syndrome (AWS) is a condition that may develop following breast cancer surgery and that presents as a palpable axillary cord of tissue. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the clinical characteristics of AWS related to movement, function, pain, and postoperative edema and (2) to define the incidence of and risk factors for AWS within the first 3 months following breast cancer surgery. Design This was a prospective cohort study with a repeated-measures design. Methods Women who underwent breast cancer surgery with sentinel node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection (N=36) were assessed for AWS, shoulder range of motion, function, pain, and postoperative edema (using girth measurements, bioimpedance, and tissue dielectric constant) at 2, 4, and 12 weeks. Demographic characteristics were used for risk analysis. Results Seventeen women (47.2%) developed AWS, and AWS persisted in 10 participants (27.8%) at 12 weeks. Abduction range of motion was significantly lower in the AWS group compared with the non-AWS group at 2 and 4 weeks. There were no differences between groups in measurements of function, pain, or edema at any time point. Trunk edema measured by dielectric constant was present in both groups, with an incidence of 55%. Multivariate analysis determined lower body mass index as being significantly associated with AWS (odds ratio=0.86; 95% confidence interval=0.74, 1.00). Limitations Limitations included a short follow-up time and a small sample size. Conclusion Axillary web syndrome is prevalent following breast/axilla surgery for early-stage breast cancer and may persist beyond 12 weeks. The early consequences include movement restriction, but the long-term effects of persistent AWS cords are yet unknown. Low body mass index is considered a risk factor for AWS.
Simulation of the melt season using a resolved sea ice model with snow cover and melt ponds

A three-dimensional sea ice model is presented with resolved snow thickness variations and melt ponds. The model calculates heating from solar radiative transfer and simulates the formation and movement of brine/melt water through the ice system. Initialization for the model is based on observations of snow topography made during the summer melt seasons of 2009, 2010, and 2012 from a location off the coast of Barrow, AK. Experiments are conducted to examine the importance of snow properties and snow and ice thickness by comparing observed and modeled pond fraction and albedo. One key process simulated by the model is the formation of frozen layers in the ice as relatively warm fresh water grid cells freeze when cooled by adjacent, cold brine-filled grid cells. These layers prevent vertical drainage and lead to flooding of melt water commonly observed at the beginning of the melt season. Flooding persists until enough heat is absorbed to melt through the frozen layer. The resulting long-term melt pond coverage is sensitive to both the spatial variability of snow cover and the minimum snow depth. For thin snow cover, initial melting results in earlier, reduced flooding with a small change in pond fraction after drainage of the melt water. Deeper snow tends to generate a delayed, larger peak pond fraction before drainage.
Neurology and international organizations

A growing number of international stakeholders are engaged with neurologic diseases. This article provides a brief overview of important international stakeholders in the practice of neurology, including global disease-specific programs, United Nations agencies, governmental agencies with international influence, nongovernmental organizations, international professional organizations, large private donors, private–public partnerships, commercial interests, armed forces, and universities and colleges. The continued engagement of neurologists is essential for the growing number of international organizations that can and should incorporate neurologic disease into their global agendas.
The Effects of Freezing on the Survival of Salmonella and E. coli in Pacific Oysters

SUMMARY: A mixed inoculum of Salmonella derby or S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli I was injected into the intestinal region of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) which were then frozen by four methods. Frozen oysters were stored at O°F, and survival of the inoculated bacteria was determined over a period of two weeks. In separate experiments, inoculated oysters were homogenized and then stored, unfrozen, at 32°F and −30°F (frozen). Routinely, bacterial counts and pH readings were taken of all samples during the course of experiments. Both species of Salmonella proved to be highly sensitive to freezing, regardless of the freezing method, and showed a survival of 1% or less after 48 hr. E. coli proved less sensitive, showing a wide and capricious variability of survival during the first week of storage, with survival ranging from 10 to 30%. Generally, however, most samples showed a decline comparable to that of salmonellae after two weeks’storage. Because of the fluctuation in E. coli counts after freezing, it is difficult to correlate the numbers of E. colt in frozen shellfish with the count in unfrozen shellfish. Therefore, it would be inappropriate to apply coliform standards for fresh oysters to the frozen product. In separate studies using inoculated oyster homogenates held at 32° and −30°F for 168 hr, a higher survival rate of E. coli and salmonellae was noted in samples held at −30°F. However, since results obtained were based solely on bacterial counts, it is not possible to say with certainty that these results indicate a protective effect by oyster homogenates against the adverse effects of freezing. Significantly, the results of these experiments did not agree with results obtained with whole oysters, thus indicating the inadvisability of attempting to apply results of homogenate studies to the whole oyster.
Natural Philosophy and Mathematics in Sixteenth-Century Bologna*

This paper focuses on the developments experienced by natural philosophy and mathematics in Bologna during a period of rapid change in the relationship of the various disciplines in the faculty of Arts and Medicine. Insisting that university science was characterized by a greater vitality than the traditional historiography usually concedes, this examination first offers some comments about the place of natural philosophy in the Italian universities, then discusses more specifically the University of Bologna. Changes that took place in the funding of natural philosophy, in the designation of astronomy and mathematics, and in the cycle of books read for natural science are all examined in turn and are complemented by a series of tables.
“Whatever gain I had ...”: Ethnicity and Paul's self-identification in Philippians 3:5-6

This study is not an exercise in Vernon Robbin’s groundbreaking socio-rhetorical criticism as put forth in his impressive The Tapestry of Early Christian Discourse and Exploring the Texture of Texts. It does have much in common with his “social and cultural texture”. It also touches “inner texture” in relation to Paul’s implied argument, “intratexture” with respect to the implied importance of scripture for Paul, and “ideological texture” in relation to Paul’s statements about the righteousness of God, millennial hopes, and ethical norms in contrast with his ethnic identify. These suggestions only scratch the surface of possibilities for using socio-rhetorical criticism to interpret ethnicity in Philippians. Social-rhetorical critics, I trust, will see even more socio-rhetorical potential for this subject than I have mentioned. Indeed, I hope that it stimulates such analysis.
Design of Sliding Mode observers with single compound manifolds for state estimation of the induction motor drive

The paper discusses the problem of state/rotor flux angle estimation for the induction motor (IM) drive and presents a series of Sliding Mode (SM) observers that are constructed using compound manifolds. The observers use the model of the IM in the stationary reference frame - their behavior and estimation properties are discussed. Observers with compound manifolds have not been widely investigated because they cannot be designed using a standard procedure; however, they have interesting properties. The paper shows candidate manifolds and explains the approach for designing IM observers with compound manifolds. A class of observers and their versions are presented. In the paper, several sensored SM observers are presented first. Then, it is attempted to transform them into sensorless observers by replacing the measured speed with a speed estimate (which is assumed inaccurate). The paper finds a certain design has desirable properties - using an improper speed value, its estimated fluxes are in phase with the real fluxes. Using direct field orientation, the rotor flux angle obtained is accurate and this can be used for sensorless field orientation.
The Immunological Evolution of Catalysis

The germline genes used by the mouse to generate the esterolytic antibody 48G7 were cloned and expressed in an effort to increase our understanding of the detailed molecular mechanisms by which the immune system evolves catalytic function. The nine replacement mutations that were fixed during affinity maturation increased affinity for the transition state analogue by a factor of 10 4 , primarily the result of a decrease in the dissociation rate of the hapten-antibody complex. There was a corresponding increase in the rate of reaction of antibody with substrate, k cat / K m , from 1.7 × 10 2 M −1 min −1 to 1.4 × 10 4 M −1 min −1 . The three-dimensional crystal structure of the 48G7-transition state analogue complex at 2.0 angstroms resolution indicates that none of the nine residues in which somatic mutations have been fixed directly contact the hapten. Thus, in the case of 48G7, affinity maturation appears to play a conformational role, either in reorganizing the active site geometry or limiting side-chain and backbone flexibility of the germline antibody. The crystal structure and analysis of somatic and directed active site mutants underscore the role of transition state stabilization in the evolution of this catalytic antibody.
Method for grafting poly(acrylic acid) onto nylon 6,6 using amine end groups on nylon surface

Several methods have been developed for grafting materials to the surface of polymers to alter their surface characteristics. This article reports a procedure for grafting poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) onto nylon 6,6 films via the naturally occurring amine end groups of nylon 6,6 using N-hydroxy-succinimide in conjunction with 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) facilitated amidazation. Reaction conditions were investigated with respect to PAA molecular weight, activator concentrations, reaction temperature, and time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that surface coverage of more than 50% was consistently achieved for 250 kD PAA. The maximum grafting occurred at room temperature with a large excess of EDC with a reaction time of 30 min. The same level of grafting can be achieved using smaller amounts of EDC at 60 °C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 719–728, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10149
Transoral approach to fractures of the mandible

The transoral approach to open reduction of mandibular fractures has gained popularity but remains controversial. This report reviews 37 consecutive transoral open reductions of various mandibular fractures performed in 32 patients over a 2-year period. The fracture site most often addressed transorally was the symphysis and parasymphysis area. A 19% complication rate and an 11% infection rate were observed.
Television in American ideological hopes and fears

The Chicago School of Social Thought was characterized by a hope for a Great Community fashioned through the new media technologies. The communication theorists at Chicago reflected long-standing patterns of the American imagination, assuming a consensual model of society in which technologies would aid in producing abundance. This article examines some of these themes, using the rise of television after World War II as the focus. A new middle class is seen to emerge which viewed television as the agency for creating their new community and an arena for struggling with various status groups to become legitimate.
Caregiver Social Support for Children Involved With Child Welfare: Correlates and Racial/Ethnic Variations

This study examined correlates of and racial/ethnic variations in social support for caregivers involved in child protective services. A subsample of caregivers and children from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) was used to examine whether sources and amount of social support for parents in child welfare would vary by race and ethnicity. The findings indicate that caregivers of maltreated children suffer from a lack of support, specifically confidant, affective, and instrumental social support. This study also found that African American caregivers have higher levels of affective social support than do non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), controlling for other significant caregiver and child characteristics. Structural measures including age, gender, and family income also explained variations in caregiver social support. Research and practical implications are discussed.
Spectral sensitivity and visual pigment absorbance

Abstract A discrepancy has been noted between the spectral absorbance of visual pigments in solution and the scotopic spectral sensitivity of the retina. Studies on the isolated, intact retinae ofRana pipiens andGekko gekko have shown that the absorbance of visual pigments in the intact retina is greater at longer wavelengths than the absorbance of the pigments in solution. The increased absorbance of frog rhodopsin in the intact retina can be correlated with the scotopic spectral sensitivity of the frog. These findings are extrapolated to explain the difference between the spectral absorbance of human rhodopsin (P4931) in solution and the scotopic spectral sensitivity of man, which has a spectral maximum of 497 nm.
Real-time autoshimming for echo planar timecourse imaging.

Head motion within an applied magnetic field alters the effective shim within the brain, causing geometric distortions in echo planar imaging (EPI). Even if subtle, change in shim can lead to artifactual signal changes in timecourse EPI acquisitions, which are typically performed for functional MRI (fMRI) or diffusion tensor imaging. Magnetic field maps acquired before and after head motions of clinically realistic magnitude indicate that motion-induced changes in magnetic field may cause translations exceeding 3 mm in the phase-encoding direction of the EPI images. The field maps also demonstrate a trend toward linear variations in shim changes as a function of position within the head, suggesting that a real-time, first-order correction may compensate for motion-induced changes in magnetic field. This article presents a navigator pulse sequence and processing method, termed a "shim NAV," for real-time detection of linear shim changes, and a shim-compensated EPI pulse sequence for dynamic correction of linear shim changes. In vivo and phantom experiments demonstrate the detection accuracy of shim NAVs in the presence of applied gradient shims. Phantom experiments demonstrate reduction of geometric distortion and image artifact using shim-compensated EPI in the presence of applied gradient shims. In vivo experiments with intentional interimage subject motion demonstrate improved alignment of timecourse EPI images when using the shim NAV-detected values to update the shim-compensated EPI acquisition in real time.
Exact solutions of hydrodynamic type equations having infinitely many conserved densities

Abstract We give a scheme to construct exact solutions of hydrodynamic type equations which possess an infinite number of conserved densities. The solutions are given in an implicit (hodograph) form which is expressed only in terms of the conserved densities.
Visceral vessel relocation techniques.

It has been more than a decade since the first implantation of a thoracic stent graft was reported, and only recently has the first device been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Even though the technology has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for 5 years for infrarenal aneurysmal repair, devices for use in the thoracic aorta are considered first generation and are limited by constraints similar to those that infrarenal devices are subject to. Additionally, complicated devices that allow for fenestration or branched designs are lacking or are only in the initial phases of development. Providing adequate distal fixation and accomplishing aneurysm exclusion with an appropriate sealing region is the most challenging task in many patients. Almost all infrarenal devices require 1.5 cm of aortic neck length to provide adequate fixation and seal for aneurysmal exclusion. Additional length is needed in the thoracic aorta, however, given its larger size; 2.0 to 3.0 cm is generally thought to be sufficient. Some experts rely on a ratio calculation and target a fixation length of 0.75 times the aortic diameter as a minimal acceptable length. It is also crucial that the aortic walls be fairly parallel and free of significant calcification and thrombus. Although isolated thoracic aortic lesions can still meet these requirements, many thoracic aortic processes involve the entire descending thoracic aorta and end at, or near, the crus of the diaphragm or in the visceral section. In these cases, obtaining adequate fixation can be problematic. The angle of the descending thoracic aorta also plays a major role in the migration of thoracic stent grafts, possibly causing a cephalad migration of the caudal aspect of the device. It can also make precise deployment rather difficult; many times it is necessary to deploy an additional distal extension. Implanting the device in a region where significant angulation exists can jeopardize the durability of the endovascular repair. Finally, most stent graft deployment mechanisms are designed for precise proximal placement with minimal or no control over the distal attachment site or landing zone. Therefore, accurate deployment near the celiac artery becomes more challenging. Given the aforementioned issues,
Radiotherapeutic management of small intestinal lymphoma with malabsorption

Small intestinal lymphoma with malabsorption is usually fatal within a year. The usual therapy for malabsorption is not helpful, and response to cytotoxic drugs has been disappointing. A man with severe malabsorption and immunoglobulin abnormalities for 7 years suffered two episodes of perforation of the ileum within 21/2 weeks. Laparotomy revealed histiocytic lymphoma involving multiple sites of the small intestine and mesenteric nodes. He was treated with total abdominal irradiation by a technique which delivered 3,525 rads in 50 days to most of the gut and abdominal node regions, 1,760 rads to the kidneys, and 1,760–2,475 rads to the right lobe of the liver. No further perforation occurred. Malabsorption and immunoglobulin abnormalities cleared and he gained 37.4 kg in 2 years. Repeat laparotomy 26 months later revealed no evidence of lymphoma. He remains well 32 months following total abdominal irradiation. Aggressive radiation therapy can result in dramatic improvement and possible cure of this otherwise hopeless situation.
Circularly polarized light in the single-cycle limit: the nature of highly polychromatic radiation of defined polarization

We have developed a general analytic description of polarized light pulses and explored the properties of circularly polarized single-cycle pulses. The temporal evolution of the electric-field vector of such spectrally broad pulses, which may be described in terms of a Hilbert transform relationship, differs significantly from the well-known behavior of quasi-monochromatic radiation. Single-cycle circularly polarized pulses have been produced and characterized experimentally in the terahertz spectral region.
Inhibition of poly(A)-binding protein synthesis in Friend erythroleukemia cells subsequent to heat shock.

Abstract When Friend erythroleukemia cells (FEC) are incubated at 43°C there is a rapid and nearly complete inhibition of protein synthesis which can be reversed when cells are returned to their normal growing temperature of 37°C. Examination of the recovery of FEC from heat shock indicates that most cellular mRNAs behave as a cohort and return to translation at approximately the same rate. We found a notable exception to this rule in the case of a 78 kDa basic protein (named protein A) whose rate of return to a normal synthetic rate is markedly inhibited subsequent to heat shock. We show that protein A corresponds to the 78 kDa polypeptide commonly found to be associated with the poly(A) tails of mammalian mRNA.
Nipah Virus Classification via Fractal Dimension & Shannon Entropy

Nipah virus glycoprotein and nucleoprotein sequences were studied using fractal dimension and Shannon entropy. The nucleotide atomic number fluctuation forms the basis of the phylogeny study. The classification reproduces the main results of traditional phylogeny analysis, but with better ability to distinguish closely related strains. The fractal dimension correlation with the GC pair content in the glycoprotein sequence and di-nucleotide entropy in the nucleoprotein suggests different evolutionary mechanisms or strategies. Extension to other flu virus suggests that low fractal dimensionality in the nucleoprotein sequence could be a marker for the Nipah and Spanish-flu-like viruses.
Cosmogenic-nuclide ages for New England coastal moraines, Martha's Vineyard and Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA

Abstract Cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages for 13 glacially transported boulders atop the Martha's Vineyard moraine, MA, USA, indicate that the southeastern margin of the Laurentide ice sheet reached its maximum extent during the last glaciation 23,200±500 yr ago. Another 10 age determinations from the younger Buzzards Bay moraine near Woods Hole, MA, indicate that this moraine complex was formed 18,800±400 yr ago. These ages correlate approximately with the terminations of cooling cycles recorded in Greenland ice cores and coeval ice-rafting events, suggesting that the marginal position of this sector of the ice sheet was tightly coupled to North Atlantic climate during the last glacial maximum.
Adaptive Prediction of Patient Response to Erythropoietin using Neural Network Ensemble

A neural network ensemble for adaptive prediction of patient response to anemia correction with erythropoietin is presented. The model combines individual neural networks whose outputs are aggregated using prediction error information. The purpose of this approach is to perform response modeling that can be used for individualized, patient-specific drug delivery.
A rabbit headholder for stereotaxic use with gaseous anesthetics

Abstract A headholder is described which allows a rabbit to be maintained on a gaseous anesthetic (e.g., halothane) while the head is securely held without the use of earbars. The animal's head can be aligned, without being loosened, in the three stereotaxic planes by three thumb screws.
A Multiresolution Strategy for Numerical Homogenization

Abstract Homogenization may be defined as an analysis in which we construct equations describing coarse-scale behavior of the solution while ignoring fine-scale detail. This work concerns a multiresolution strategy for homogenization of differential equations. As the first step towards a more general treatment of nonlinear ODEs and PDEs, we consider the homogenization via multiresolution analysis (MRA) of systems of linear ODEs with variable coefficients and forcing terms. We develop an efficient numerical approach which generates the coefficients of the homogenized equation. As one of the examples we treat wave propagation in a stratified medium.
Accurate electrophoretic analyses of concentrated suspensions (electrophoresis of concentrates)

Abstract In conventional moving-boundary electrophoresis, boundary anomalies and erroneous analyses were shown to result in work with concentrated suspensions. An apparatus and a technique are described which, using auxiliary probes and an electrolyte tailored to the test suspension, allowed accurate data to be obtained even with highly concentrated suspensions. Thus, the usefulness of moving-boundary electrophoresis has been expanded, as now concentrated as well as dilute suspensions can be investigated.
Stimulating managerial capital in emerging markets: the impact of business training for young entrepreneurs

Identifying the determinants of entrepreneurship is an important research and policy goal, especially in emerging market economies where lack of capital and supporting infrastructure often impose stringent constraints on business growth. This paper studies the impact of a comprehensive business and financial literacy programme on firm outcomes of young entrepreneurs in an emerging post-conflict economy, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors conduct a randomised control trial and find that, while the training programme did not influence business survival, it significantly improved business practices, investments and loan terms for surviving businesses. Female-run businesses further exhibited some improvements in business performance and sales.
Asymmetry effects in double-minimum potentials

Abstract The formalism previously developed for treating the large-amplitude stretching vibration in a linear three-center system is extended to the case in which the corresponding double-minimum potential is asymmetric. This model represents the proton-transfer motion in, for example, the H 2 OH + OH − hydrogen bonding problem. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues were calculated and are discussed for various degrees of asymmetry. Some comments are made about localization of the wavefunctions and selection rules.
Choose wisely: making the library’s money work for the library in the system procurement process

Procurement processes for automated library systems need examination to determine if libraries are choosing the best methods for getting the best return on their investment. Understanding the costs involved and how typical decisions in procurement procedures add to the costs of systems will allow libraries to judge if the process better serves the library than using the money in other ways. Alternative processes including standardized request‐for‐proposals, contracts and understanding how to utilize lawyers and consultants are suggested in an attempt to show that procurement processes could achieve the same goals using different methods while allowing libraries to use their money to purchase other goods and/or services. The benefits of the implementation of such processes are also reviewed.
Reinstatement of heroin and cocaine self-administration behavior in the rat by intracerebral application of morphine in the ventral tegmental area

In rats trained to self-administer heroin or cocaine intravenously, non-contingent priming injections of heroin or cocaine, respectively, reinstated responding after a period of extinction. In rats similarly trained to self-administer heroin or cocaine intravenously, morphine sulphate was applied centrally to sites in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the periventricular grey (PVG) and the caudate nucleus following a period of extinction. Self-administration behavior was reinstated by morphine application to sites in the region of the VTA, but not to other sites, in both heroin and cocaine-trained animals. This priming effect of morphine was blocked or attenuated by prior administration of naltrexone, given intraperitoneally. Morphine in the VTA is known to activate mesolimbic dopamine neurons, suggesting that dopamine activity in this system may underlie the priming effects of both opiates and stimulants. Furthermore, the fact that the mesolimbic system is implicated in the positive motivational actions of both drug groups, suggests that morphine reinstates drug-taking behavior in these animals by activating appetitive motivational systems of the brain.
Overlooking coerciveness: The impact of interrogation techniques and guilt corroboration on jurors’ judgments of coerciveness

Purpose The present study investigated whether mock jurors judged the coerciveness of an interrogation differently based on whether or not a confession led to the discovery of corroborating evidence. Specifically, we examined whether jurors were likely to overlook tactics they would otherwise find objectionable if they were confident that the defendant was guilty. Method A 2 × 2 between-subjects design was used to examine the influence of interrogation techniques (low pressure or high pressure) and level of guilt corroboration (uncorroborated or corroborated) on mock jurors' verdicts and ratings of an interrogation. Two hundred and two jury-eligible participants read a case summary, watched a realistic video recording of an interrogation that included a confession, and read prosecution and defence closing arguments. Participants then decided on a verdict and answered a series of questions about the interrogation and confession. Results The interrogation was rated as significantly less coercive when the confession led to the discovery of corroborating evidence than when corroborating evidence was not found. Furthermore, participants who viewed a high-pressure interrogation rated it as less coercive when the confession was corroborated by additional evidence than when it was not. There was no difference between the corroborated and uncorroborated conditions for the low-pressure interrogation. Conclusions The present findings support the idea that more extreme tactics may be considered less coercive when they produce a greater certainty that the defendant is guilty. The results can be explained in terms of self-presentation theories.
Responses of rat nucleus submedius neurons to enkephalins applied with micropressure.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine what effects leucine-enkephalin and d -Ala2- d -Leu5-enkephalin have on both the background and naturally evoked activity of thalamic nucleus submedius neurons responsive to mechanical cutaneous stimulation. Thirty-five neurons in the nucleus submedius were fully characterized during single-unit extracellular recordings as nociceptive, low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) or unresponsive. Micropressure was used to apply the opioids. Eighteen neurons were inhibited; 13 of these were nociceptive and one was LTM. Six units were activated; two of these were nociceptive and three were LTM. The remaining 11 units were unaffected. Opioid responses were tested for antagonism by naloxone in 12 neurons; eight of these responses were antagonized by naloxone. Statistical analyses indicated that the effects of enkephalins on nociceptive neurons were selective for neuronal modality. The opioids also altered the response of some nociceptive neurons to receptive field stimulation. The presence of nociceptive neurons in the nucleus submedius that are selevtively inhibited by opioids provides additional support for the involvement of submedius neurons in nociception. The results of this study suggest that this involvement is more than merely transmission of nociceptive input, since the opioids may be selectively modulating the type of information that is transmitted to the cortex.
Application of Nonnegative Principal Component Analysis in Hyperspectral Imaging

The classic PCA (Principal Component Analysis) has been applied in hyperspectral imaging with varying success. One obstacle in its application is the potential physical interpretation of the principal components, which is questionable unless the principal component coefficients are nonnegative. In this paper, we show hyperspectral imaging applications of a recently developed methodology of nonnegative PCA, which overcomes this difficulty by constructing nonnegative principal components. We construct an approximation of a physics-derived target space, and suggest some interpretations of the resulting components.
Brane junctions in the Randall-Sundrum scenario

We present static solutions to Einstein's equations corresponding to branes at various angles intersecting in a single 3-brane. Such configurations may be useful for building models with localized gravity via the Randall-Sundrum mechanism. We find that such solutions may exist only if the mechanical forces acting on the junction exactly cancel. In addition to this constraint there are further conditions that the parameters of the theory have to satisfy. We find that at least one of these involves only the brane tensions and cosmological constants, and thus can not have a dynamical origin. We present these conditions in detail for two simple examples. We discuss the nature of the cosmological constant problem in the framework of these scenarios, and outline the desired features of the brane configurations which may bring us closer towards the resolution of the cosmological constant problem.
Simultaneous inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrometer as a sulfur-specific detector for the HPLC analysis of sulfur-containing surfactants

Abstract A method was developed for the analysis of sulfur-containing surfactant samples (alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates). The sulfur compounds were seperated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a 10 μm styrene-divinylbenzene column with methanol/0.05 M aqueous ammonium acetate (4:1 v v ) as the mobile phase. An ARL Model 34000 simultaneous inductively coupled argon plasma vacuum emission spectrometer (ICP) monitoring the 180.7 nm sulfur line served as the sulfur-specific detector. The analyses of the products from various manufacturers showed that the alkylbenzenesulfonates, the alkyl ether sulfates, and the alkyl sulfates contain many isomeric and homologous compounds that were not completely separated. Sulfate was a common contaminant in these samples. The 2 σ detection limits of the HPLC-ICP system for the sulfur-containing surfactants is approximately 15 ng sulfur corresponding to a solution with a sulfur concentration of 0.3 ng l under the experimental conditions used. The method is well suited for fingerprinting commercial sulfur-containing surfactants. Untreated wastewaters spiked with surfactants were analyzed without difficulties.