cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A knowledge system for automatic finite element mesh generation: AMEKS

Finite element analysis is widely employed by the engineering community for the numerical analysis of complex structures. It involves the partitioning of an object into small elements for which applicable physical responses can be readily formulated. The generation of this partition, or mesh, is a tedious and often difficult part of the analysis. This paper presents a knowledge-based system, AMEKS, that, in conjunction with existing software, automatically meshes objects using the transfinite mapping technique. This technique requires tha analyst to decompose complex objects into primitive shapes and prepare each primitive for algorithmic meshing based on problem geometry and mesh requirements. AMEKS now performs these tasks. Several characteristics of this problem indicate the need for artificial intelligence techniques. Decomposition is non-algorithmic and expertise intensive. The number of possible decompositions is usually too large for exhaustive search. Locally acceptable decompositions can prove to be globally unacceptable. The concept of ''primitive'' is ill-defined, and once a region is classified as primitive, its acceptability for meshing is case-by-case dependent on geometry, physics and the available alternatives. AMEKS currently accepts two-dimensional straight-sided objects. It uses frames to represent the geometry, rules to classify regions and evaluate region quality, heuristic search control to prune the large more » search space, and assumption-based truth maintenance to simultaneously examine multiple contexts during the decomposition. « less
Overview of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has evolved over the past 50–60 years to become the standard of care procedure for many disorders. Advances in immunogenetics and immunobiology, conditioning regimens, disease characterization and risk stratification, immune suppression, antimicrobials, and other types of supportive care have made this expansion possible. Some of the earliest work contributed to the first successful bone marrow transplant, performed in a young child with immune deficiency syndrome in 1968. Approximately 15 years later, the graft-versus-leukemia response was recognized as overlapping with the development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). In the early 1980s, bone marrow transplantation was no longer considered experimental, but as the standard of care for a variety of disorders including acute leukemia and aplastic anemia.
The relationship between teachers’ empathy and perceptions of school culture

This research examined the relationship between teachers’ empathy and perceptions of their school’s culture. Teachers’ ability to change their school’s culture might be limited by their inability to interpret and respond appropriately to student behaviour. As teachers’ empathic abilities increase, it seems likely that they would be better able to understand and respond appropriately to their students. Teachers’ perspective‐taking was positively associated with their positive perceptions of student–peer relations, school norms and educational opportunities. Teachers’ personal distress was negatively related to student–peer relations. Empathy was unrelated to student–teacher relations. It is postulated that it takes more than just empathy to be able to negotiate the complex relationship between student and teacher. With teacher training programmes currently focusing on teacher dispositions, such programmes need to focus more on training future teachers to recognise and exercise their cognitive and emotional...
Strong sequence conservation among horizontally transmissible, minimally pathogenic feline leukemia viruses.

Abstract We report the first complete nucleotide sequence (8,440 base pairs) of a biologically active feline leukemia virus (FeLV), designated FeLV-61E (or F6A), and the molecular cloning, biological activity, and env-long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence of another FeLV isolate, FeLV-3281 (or F3A). F6A corresponds to the non-disease-specific common-form component of the immunodeficiency disease-inducing strain of FeLV, FeLV-FAIDS, and was isolated from tissue DNA of a cat following experimental transmission of naturally occurring feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. F3A clones were derived from a subgroup-A-virus-producing feline tumor cell line. Both are unusual relative to other molecularly cloned FeLVs studied to date in their ability to induce viremia in weanling (8-week-old) cats and in their failure to induce acute disease. The F6A provirus is organized into 5'-LTR-gag-pol-env-LTR-3' regions; the gag and pol open reading frames are separated by an amber codon, and env is in a different reading frame. The deduced extracellular glycoproteins of F6A, F3A, and the Glasgow-1 subgroup A isolate of FeLV (M. Stewart, M. Warnock, A. Wheeler, N. Wilkie, J. Mullins, D. Onions, and J. Neil, J. Virol. 58:825-834, 1986) are 98% homologous, despite having been isolated from naturally infected cats 6 to 13 years apart and from widely different geographic locations. As a group, their envelope gene sequences differ markedly from those of the disease-associated subgroup B and acutely pathogenic subgroup C viruses. Thus, F6A and F3A correspond to members of a highly conserved family and represent prototypes of the horizontally transmitted, minimally pathogenic FeLV present in all naturally occurring infections.
Physiological refugia: swamps, hypoxia tolerance and maintenance of fish diversity in the Lake Victoria region.

In Lake Nabugabo, Uganda, a satellite of Lake Victoria, f50% of the indigenous fishes disappeared from the open waters subsequent to the establishment of the introduced predatory Nile perch, Lates niloticus. This pattern is similar to the faunal loss experienced in the much larger Lake Victoria. Several of these species persisted in wetland refugia (e.g. ecotonal wetlands, swamp lagoons); however, deep swamp refugia (habitats lying well within the dense interior of fringing wetlands), are available only to a subset of the basin fauna with extreme tolerance to hypoxia. Although airbreathers are common in deep swamp refugia; we also documented a surprisingly high richness and abundance of nonair-breathing fishes. We describe several mechanisms that may facilitate survival in deep swamp refugia including high hemoglobin concentration, high hematocrit, large gill surface area and a low critical oxygen tension (P ). In addition, c swamp-dwelling fishes showed lower PO thresholds for onset of aquatic surface respiration than the lake-dwelling 2 fishes. This suggests higher tolerance to hypoxia in the swamp fishes because they are able to withstand a lower oxygen tension before approaching the surface. We suggest that physiological refugia may be important in modulating the impact of Nile perch and indigenous fishes in the Lake Nabugabo region; this highlights the need to evaluate relative tolerance of introduced predators and indigenous prey to environmental stressors. 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Engineering the acyltransferase substrate specificity of assembly line polyketide synthases

Polyketide natural products act as a broad range of therapeutics, including antibiotics, immunosuppressants and anti-cancer agents. This therapeutic diversity stems from the structural diversity of these small molecules, many of which are produced in an assembly line manner by modular polyketide synthases. The acyltransferase (AT) domains of these megasynthases are responsible for selection and incorporation of simple monomeric building blocks, and are thus responsible for a large amount of the resulting polyketide structural diversity. The substrate specificity of these domains is often targeted for engineering in the generation of novel, therapeutically active natural products. This review outlines recent developments that can be used in the successful engineering of these domains, including AT sequence and structural data, mechanistic insights and the production of a diverse pool of extender units. It also provides an overview of previous AT domain engineering attempts, and concludes with proposed engineering approaches that take advantage of current knowledge. These approaches may lead to successful production of biologically active ‘unnatural’ natural products.
Self-monitoring, surveillance, and incentive effects on cheating

Abstract Dishonest behavior is influenced by situational and personality factors. To assess the role of self-monitoring in cheating, 110 American undergraduates completed Snyder's (1974) self-monitoring scale and attempted to negotiate complex mazes designed to allow and assess cheating under close and loose surveillance. In addition, half of the subjects were offered a performance-contingent incentive. Results indicate that surveillance reduced dishonesty and that low self-monitors' comparative lack of concern regarding self-presentation interacted with incentives to increase dishonesty.
Targeting the affordability of cigarettes: a new benchmark for taxation policy in low-income and-middle-income countries

Objectives To investigate the appropriateness of tax incidence (the percentage of the retail price occupied by taxes) benchmarking in low-income and-middle-income countries (LMICs) with rapidly growing economies and to explore the viability of an alternative tax policy rule based on the affordability of cigarettes. Design The paper outlines criticisms of tax incidence benchmarking, particularly in the context of LMICs. It then considers an affordability-based benchmark using relative income price (RIP) as a measure of affordability. The RIP measures the percentage of annual per capita GDP required to purchase 100 packs of cigarettes. Using South Africa as a case study of an LMIC, future consumption is simulated using both tax incidence benchmarks and affordability benchmarks. Results I show that a tax incidence benchmark is not an optimal policy tool in South Africa and that an affordability benchmark could be a more effective means of reducing tobacco consumption in the future. Conclusions Although a tax incidence benchmark was successful in increasing prices and reducing tobacco consumption in South Africa in the past, this approach has drawbacks, particularly in the context of a rapidly growing LMIC economy. An affordability benchmark represents an appropriate alternative that would be more effective in reducing future cigarette consumption.
Examining Empirical Evidence on Diversity Effects: How Useful Is Diversity Research for Public‐Sector Managers?

This article reviews the body of empirical research on work-related consequences of human diversity and presents an agenda for future investigations. Ideally, a synthesis of research findings to inform managing-for-diversity efforts should enable managers to interpret events in their own administrative contexts. Our assessment of the diversity literature suggests that managers are using largely untested assumptions as a basis for diversity policies, strategies, and actions. We call for greater contribution from public administration scholars to the body of research focusing on how human diversity can best be managed to produce positive results for individuals and their work organizations.
Trithiocarbonate-mediated free-radical photopolymerization: improved uniformity in hologram recording.

A holographic material based on a photopolymerizable nematic acrylate was improved by the addition of the trithiocarbonate, EtO2CCH2SC(S)SCH2CO2Et, increasing uniformity and reproducibility in the formation of electrically switchable holographic gratings. Diffraction efficiencies as high as 34%, the thin-grating theoretical maximum, were achieved at large (10-14 μm) grating spacings. Improved diffraction efficiency was seen over a range of grating spacings (0.35-10 μm). The exposure window for grating formation was increased by an order of magnitude, resulting in much improved reproducibility.
The AlgZR Two-Component System Recalibrates the RsmAYZ Posttranscriptional Regulatory System To Inhibit Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic airway infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A classic feature of CF airway isolates is the mucoid phenotype. Mucoidy arises through mutation of the mucA anti-sigma factor and subsequent activation of the AlgU regulon. Inactivation of mucA also results in reduced expression of the Vfr transcription factor. Vfr regulates several important virulence factors, including a type III secretion system (T3SS). In the present study, we report that ExsA expression, the master regulator of T3SS gene expression, is further reduced in mucA mutants through a Vfr-independent mechanism involving the RsmAYZ regulatory system. RsmA is an RNA binding protein required for T3SS gene expression. Genetic experiments suggest that the AlgZR two-component system, part of the AlgU regulon, inhibits ExsA expression by increasing the expression of RsmY and RsmZ, two small noncoding RNAs that sequester RsmA from target mRNAs. Epistasis analyses revealed that increasing the concentration of free RsmA, through either rsmYZ deletion or increased RsmA expression, partially restored T3SS gene expression in the mucA mutant. Furthermore, increasing RsmA availability in combination with Vfr complementation fully restored T3SS expression. Recalibration of the RsmAYZ system by AlgZR, however, did not alter the expression of other selected RsmA-dependent targets. We account for this observation by showing that ExsA expression is more sensitive to changes in free RsmA than other members of the RsmA regulon. Together, these data indicate that recalibration of the RsmAYZ system partially accounts for reduced T3SS gene expression in mucA mutants.
Theory of Neutron Scattering Experiments on Momentum Distributions in Quantum Fluids

Momentum distributions are of fundamental interest to our understanding of the many body physics of quantum solids and fluids. Since the original suggestion by Hohenberg and Platzman,1 there have been many experiments2 with the goal of determining momentum distributions by scattering neutrons at momentum transfer high enough to invoke the impulse approximation (IA). The IA is questionable for helium, because the He-He potential is steeply repulsive at short distances leading to significant final state corrections. These must be understood in order to extract from experiment the parameters of interest, such as the Bose condensate fraction in 4He or the Fermi surface discontinuity in 3He. Most theories for final state corrections1,3-5,6 have predicted a quasi-Lorentzian broadening of the IA. However, Gersch, et al.7 argued, via a complex many-body cumulant derivation, that real space correlations result in a non-Lorentzian final state broadening. A simple quasiclassical theory for this prediction was given by Silver and Reiter,8 who expressed the corrections in terms of the radial distribution function, g(r), and the He-He cross action. Until now a fully quantum theory, which included the correct physics for the quantitative correction of experiment, has been lacking.
Pattern Not Volume of Bleeding Predicts Angiographic Vasospasm in Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose—Spontaneous idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with a perimesencephalic bleeding pattern is usually associated with a benign course, whereas a diffuse bleeding pattern has been associated with a higher risk of vasospasm and disability. We evaluated whether volume of bleeding explains this disparity. Methods—Pattern and amount of bleeding (by Hijdra and intraventricular hemorrhage scores) were assessed in 89 patients with nonaneurysmal SAH. Outcomes included angiographic vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and functional outcome at 1 year. Results—Diffuse bleeding was associated with significantly higher Hijdra and intraventricular hemorrhage scores than perimesencephalic SAH, P≤0.003. Angiographic vasospasm was more likely in diffuse versus perimesencephalic SAH (45% versus 27%; odds ratio, 2.9; P=0.08), but adjustment for greater blood burden only partially attenuated this trend (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–7.2; P=0.18); delayed cerebral ischemia...
Variations in job strain across nursing and social work specialties

This paper describes and compares the sources of job strain experienced by staff in different nursing and social work specialties, using measures developed to assess job quality in these occupations. Data come from a random sample of 285 women employed as protective (child abuse) social workers, psychiatric social workers, medical social workers and social workers working in social service agencies, in schools, with the elderly or as licensed practical nurses working in hospitals or nursing homes. These occupational specialties vary in their level of overload, decision authority, challenge and helping others. These variations are associated with variations by specialty in worker health. Specifically, protective social workers reported significantly greater job strain and significantly greater psychological distress. School, medical, psychiatric and social service social workers reported the best job conditions and significantly better physical health and lower levels of psychological distress.
Stage, age and individual stochasticity in demography

Demography is the study of the population consequences of the fates of individuals. Individuals are differentiated on the basis of age or, in general, life cycle stages. The movement of an individual through its life cycle is a random process, and although the eventual destination (death) is certain, the pathways taken to that destination are stochastic and will differ even between identical individuals; this is individual stochasticity. A stage-classified demographic model contains implicit age-specific information, which can be analyzed using Markov chain methods. The living stages in the life cycles are transient states in an absorbing Markov chain; death is an absorbing state. This paper presents Markov chain methods for computing the mean and variance of the lifetime number of visits to any transient state, the mean and variance of longevity, the net reproductive rate R0, and the cohort generation time. It presents the matrix calculus methods needed to calculate the sensitivity and elasticity of all these indices to any life history parameters. These sensitivities have many uses, including calculation of selection gradients. It is shown that the use of R0 as a measure of fitness or an invasion exponent gives erroneous results except when R0 � l� 1. The Markov chain approach is then generalized to variable environments (deterministic environmental sequences, periodic environments, iid random environments, Markovian environments). Variable environments are analyzed using the vec-permutation method to create a model that classifies individuals jointly by the stage and environmental condition. Throughout, examples are presented using the North Atlantic right whale (Eubaleana glacialis) and an endangered prairie plant (Lomatium bradshawii ) in a stochastic fire environment.
Feeling better but doing worse: Effects of Facebook self-presentation on implicit self-esteem and cognitive task performance.

This study uses self-affirmation theory to draw predictions about the effect of Facebook profile self-presentation on two psychological outcomes: users' state self-esteem and their performance in a cognitive task. In an experimental procedure, participants were randomly assigned to examine either their own profiles, which tend to highlight social connectedness and treasured aspects of the self, or a stranger's profile. Afterward, participants reported their self-esteem using an implicit measure that is immune to reporting biases, and completed a serial subtraction task. Results show that a brief exposure to one's own profile raised state self-esteem, but that it hampered performance in a subsequent cognitive task by decreasing the motivation to perform well. The results advance the emerging literature on the effects of online self-presentation and also provide a theoretical contribution to self-affirmation theory.
Modeling the future of semiconductors (and test

Which semiconductor products will drive manufacturing and test technology over the next 10 to 15 years? In the past, Moore's Law has been used to predict the continuing evolution of semiconductors. Now, however, we are seeing an explosion of new device, memory and heterogeneous integration technologies aimed at achieving "More than Moore" scaling of product value. By looking at the applications that drive this explosion of new technologies, we can begin to model what the future might look like, and how the industry can deploy cost-effective manufacture and test strategies in the coming years. Three applications in particular — Smart Phone, Datacenter and IoT — will continue to have great influence on both semiconductors and systems. The ITRS "2.0" semiconductor roadmap projects these applications into the future to model potential benefits of future technologies. What will semiconductors look like in the next 10 to 15 years? Let's find out!
Listening in on DC: Soviet Eavesdropping and the Origins of US Privacy Policy

The discovery of Soviet eavesdropping on US telecommunications by the Ford Administration in 1974 set off a chain of events that culminated in the creation of the first substantive US government policy on electronic privacy and security. This discovery combined augmented privacy concerns raised in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal and led the Ford administration to formulate federal information privacy policy for the first time. This policy study recognized the vulnerability of government information because of the growing link between computers and telecommunications systems. The Ford’s National Security Council took measures to secure the US telecommunications infrastructure from foreign eavesdroppers with a clear understanding of the convergence of computers and telecommunications technologies by ordering the Office of Telecommunications Policy and the National Security Agency to examine the problem and recommend remedies. These policies were interwoven with the intelligence community’s concerns over communications security and access to signals intelligence as well as concerns about the US telecommunications market structure. Soviet eavesdropping set in motion the development of modern information privacy policy centered on national security and intelligence priorities and this has been the foundation upon which US privacy policy has been built.
A transverse acetabular nonunion treated with computer-assisted percutaneous internal fixation. A case report.

Nonunion of a fracture of the acetabulum is a rare clinical entity. The preferred treatment for this lesion is rigid internal fixation7. We present a case in which a painful nonunited transverse acetabular fracture was treated with the use of minimally invasive, computer-assisted internal fixation with cannulated screws. A twenty-four-year-old woman was the unrestrained driver of an automobile involved in a side-impact accident with another motor vehicle in August 1996. She had no history of medical problems and did not smoke. She weighed more than 100 pounds (forty-five kilograms) more than her ideal body weight. Emergency evaluation at another institution revealed a juxtatectal (directly adjacent to the weight-bearing dome) left transverse acetabular fracture with approximately five millimeters of displacement (Fig. 1). On the basis of the patient's body habitus, nonoperative treatment was recommended and the patient was not placed in skeletal traction. She was rapidly advanced to weight-bearing with a walker as tolerated, and she progressed to walking with a cane in two months. She continued to have pain and to walk with a limp. A computed tomography scan performed in January 1997 demonstrated a slightly comminuted juxtatectal transverse acetabular fracture with no evidence of healing across the major fracture line. Although her tolerance of weight-bearing improved gradually, the patient required a cane while walking outside of her home, which she did three or four days per week. Several physicians had recommended total hip arthroplasty on the basis of the persistent symptoms. She was referred to us by her attorney for another opinion approximately one year after the injury. FIG1: Fig. 1 Axial computed tomography image of the pelvis, demonstrating a juxtatectal left transverse acetabular fracture (arrows) with approximately five millimeters of displacement. When first seen by us, the patient reported pain, weight gain due to inactivity, and a …
Uterine serotonin and receptor blockade during estrogen-induced uterine hyperemia.

AbstractA role for serotonin in regulation of uterine blood volume (UBV) was investigated by testing estrogen-induced UBV changes in the presence of cyproheptadine and by measuring uterine serotonin concentration at 0, 65, and 125 min following estradiol administration. Rats, castrated on Day 0, were given maintenance doses of estradiol benzoate on Day 7 and 17β-estradiol, 0.5 μg/kg, iv, at time zero on Day 14. At 125 min doses of cyproheptadine which caused a 70% inhibition of the pressor responses to administered serotonin caused a significant reduction in UBV of estrogen-treated animals. Uterine serotonin content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Uteri taken at 65 min after the intravenous estradiol showed no significant change in serotonin content or blood volume. At 125 min when the UBV of estrogen-treated animals was 172% of saline control UBV, uterine serotonin was significantly increased (541 ng/g vs 248 ng/g, P = 0.05).
Evolution of Structure in CH5+ and Its Deuterated Analogues

Diffusion Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the effects of deuteration on the fluxionality of CH(5)(+) or CD(5)(+), using an ab initio potential surface, developed by Jin, Braams, and Bowman [J. Phys. Chem. 2006, 110, 1569]. We find that partial deuteration quenches the fluxional behavior. The spectral consequences are also investigated. We find that, while CH(5)(+) and CD(5)(+) are nearly spherical tops, partial deuteration breaks the rotational symmetry and the mixed isotopologues are generally better characterized as symmetric tops. In addition, we investigate the effects of deuteration on the low-resolution vibrational spectrum and anticipate that signatures of this delocalization will be observable in the vibrational spectrum.
Performance of N95 FFRs Against Combustion and NaCl Aerosols in Dry and Moderately Humid Air: Manikin-based Study

OBJECTIVES The first objective of this study was to evaluate the penetration of particles generated from combustion of plastic through National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-certified N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) using a manikin-based protocol and compare the data to the penetration of NaCl particles. The second objective was to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the filtration performance of N95 FFRs. METHODS Two NIOSH-certified N95 FFRs (A and B) were fully sealed on a manikin headform and challenged with particles generated by combustion of plastic and NaCl particles. The tests were performed using two cyclic flows [with mean inspiratory flow (MIF) rates = 30 and 85 l min(-1), representing human breathing under low and moderate workload conditions] and two RH levels (≈20 and ≈80%, representing dry and moderately humid air). The total and size-specific particle concentrations inside (C in) and outside (C out) of the respirators were measured with a condensation particle counter and an aerosol size spectrometer. The penetration values (C in/C out) were calculated after each test. RESULTS The challenge aerosol, RH, MIF rate, and respirator type had significant (P < 0.05) effects on the performance of the manikin-sealed FFR. Its efficiency significantly decreased when the FFR was tested with plastic combustion particles compared to NaCl aerosols. For example, at RH ≈80% and MIF = 85 l min(-1), as much as 7.03 and 8.61% of combustion particles penetrated N95 respirators A and B, respectively. The plastic combustion particles and gaseous compounds generated by combustion likely degraded the electric charges on fibers, which increased the particle penetration. Increasing breathing flow rate or humidity increased the penetration (reduced the respirator efficiency) for all tested aerosols. The effect of particle size on the penetration varied depending on the challenge aerosol and respirator type. It was observed that the peak of the size distribution of combustion particles almost coincided with their most penetrating particle size, which was not the case for NaCl particles. This finding was utilized for the data interpretation. CONCLUSIONS N95 FFRs have lower filter efficiency when challenged with contaminant particles generated by combustion, particularly when used under high humidity conditions compared to NaCl particles.
ANCA Associated Systemic Vasculitis:Report of 3 Cases Misdiagnosed as Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Review of the Literature

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and the early diagnosis of ANCA associated systemic vasculitis.Methods 3 cases ANCA associated systemic vasculitis were reported and the literatures were reviewed.Results All 3 cases were men.c-ANCA were positive in 1 case and p-ANCA were positive in another 2 cases.1 case had been diagnosed hyperthyroidism and had taken propylthiouracil.3 cases were all misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis before they were diagnosed correctly.ANCA was very important to make a definite diagnosis.Conclusion The clinical manifestation of ANCA associated systemic vasculitis are not typical,multiple organs and systems damaging are often occurred besides the lung.ANCA and specific antigens tests may help the early diagnosis and treatment.
A Case Study on Software FMEA

Software failure modes and effect analysis(SFMEA) is the extension of hardware or system FMEA,which is used to test and verify safety-critical software.However,there is lack of experiences in practice at present.In this paper,the principle,process and key points of software FMEA implementation are described.Then the failure modes and their causes of an embedded software are proposed as well and the effects of the failure modes are classified according to their severity.Finally,the process and results of SFMEA on this software are given.The results show the validity and practicality of SFMEA.
Preeclampsia-Eclampsia Adverse Outcomes Reduction: The Preeclampsia-Eclampsia Checklist

Globally, preeclampsia-eclampsia (PE-E) is a major cause of puerperal intensive care unit admission, accounting for up to 10% of maternal deaths. PE-E primary prevention is possible. Antepartum low-dose aspirin prophylaxis, costing USD $10–24 can cut the incidence of PE-E in half. Antepartum low molecular weight heparin combined with low-dose aspirin prophylaxis can cut the incidence of early onset PE-E and fetuses that are small for their gestational age in half. Despite predictive antepartum models for PE-E prophylaxis, said prophylaxis is not routinely provided. Therefore, magnesium sulfate secondary prevention of eclampsia remains the globally recommended intervention. Implementation of a PE-E checklist is a continuous quality improvement (CQI) tool facilitating appropriate antepartum PE-E prophylaxis and maternal care from the first trimester through the postpartum fourth trimester inter-partum interval. A novel clinical PE-E checklist and implementation strategy are presented below. CQI PE-E checklist implementation and appropriate PE-E prophylaxis provides clinicians and healthcare systems an opportunity to achieve Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, reducing child mortality and improving maternal health. While CQI checklist implementation may be a tedious ongoing process requiring healthcare team resiliency, improved healthcare outcomes are well worth the effort.
Discussion on Lightning Protection Design for 110 kV Composite Tower

Composite tower is one of development directions to line tower structure, and there are several kinds of design patterns for its lightning protection such as not setting up lightning shield line, lightning shield line not grounded, segmented ground through discharging tower, suspended ground along transmission line direction. Its design patterns have direct impact on anti-lightning performance of transmission line. And so, several design patterns for lightning protection by ATP/ATPdraw to 110 kV composite tower transmission line from the point of lightning protection are simulated, and the lightning withstand level and the rate of lightning trip-out are analyzed. The simulation results show that the integrated lightning protection effect of suspended ground along transmission line direction is the best in all these lightning protection design patterns to 110 kV composite tower transmission line. Research results in this paper can provide references and basis to lightning protection design of composite tower transmission line.
Sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of a pink bollworm larval midgut transcriptome.

The pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the world’s most important pests of cotton. Insecticide sprays and transgenic cotton producing toxins of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are currently used to manage this pest. Bt toxins kill susceptible insects by specifically binding to and destroying midgut cells, but they are not toxic to most other organisms. Pink bollworm is useful as a model for understanding insect responses to Bt toxins, yet advances in understanding at the molecular level have been limited because basic genomic information is lacking for this cosmopolitan pest. Here, we have sequenced, de novo assembled and annotated a comprehensive larval midgut transcriptome from a susceptible strain of pink bollworm. A de novo transcriptome assembly for the midgut of P. gossypiella was generated containing 46,458 transcripts (average length of 770 bp) derived from 39,874 unigenes. The size of the transcriptome is similar to published midgut transcriptomes of other Lepidoptera and includes up to 91 % annotated contigs. The dataset is publicly available in NCBI and GigaDB as a resource for researchers. Foundational knowledge of protein-coding genes from the pink bollworm midgut is critical for understanding how this important insect pest functions. The transcriptome data presented here represent the first large-scale molecular resource for this species, and may be used for deciphering relevant midgut proteins critical for xenobiotic detoxification, nutrient digestion and allocation, as well as for the discovery of protein receptors important for Bt intoxication.
Life Cycle Algal Biorefinery Design

Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a trending methodology for evaluating environmental impacts associated with a product through its life cycle. This chapter presents the general model formulation for life cycle optimization, as well as systematic approaches to solve the resulting multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming problems. We discuss the life cycle design of an algal biorefinery for the production of sustainable biofuels and profitable by-products. We review the existing articles for the simulation and optimization of the algal biorefinery processes. We show the importance of superstructure optimization, and introduce the technology alternatives that can be incorporated into an algal process superstructure. Subsequently, we show the optimization results of an algal biorefinery. We further summarize the challenges and possible directions for future life cycle algal biorefinery designs.
Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review.

Abstract: Many human diseases are caused by an imbalance between energy production and demand. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide the unique opportunity for in vivo assessment of several fundamental events in tissue metabolism without the use of ionizing radiation. Of particular interest, phosphate metabolites that are involved in ATP generation and utilization can be quantified noninvasively by phosphorous-31 ( 31 P) MRS/MRI. Furthermore, 31 P magnetization transfer (MT) techniques allow in vivo measurement of metabolic fluxes via creatine kinase (CK) and ATP synthase. However, a major impediment for the clinical applications of 31 P-MRS/MRI is the prohibitively long acquisition time and/or the low spatial resolution that are necessary to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratio. In this review, current 31 P-MRS/MRI techniques used in basic science and clinical research are presented. Recent advances in the development of fast 31 P-MRS/MRI methods are also discussed.
From Social into Intellectual Factors: An Aspect of the Unitary Character of Late Medieval Learning

The history of medieval science has for some time now been of age; it is not merely a recognizable, but a recognized area of study. This is, to be sure, all to the good, especially in the eyes of its practitioners. What is more, with this increased recognition has come a corresponding specialization. This too is all to the good, for what better means are there for the discovery, investigation, and understanding of the primary sources of medieval science than an active cadre of historians whose training and interests are focused primarily on the Middle Ages?
Mixed Nonorthogonal Transforms Representation for Face Recognition

An alternative face recognition system that additively combines two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT) coefficients and two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT) coefficients for image feature extraction is proposed. Each training pose is represented by superimposing the dominant coefficients from the two domains taking into account the nonorthogonality of the coefficients in one domain with respect to the coefficients in the other domain. The recognition system is tested with three publicly available databases, namely ORL, YALE, and FERET. As shown in the sample results, the proposed system significantly reduces the required storage size, a desirable property for big data and when computing resources are limited, while maintaining the accuracy of recognition rates when compared with the 2D-DCT, the 2D-DWT, and the successive 2D-DWT/2D-DCT techniques. In addition, the computational complexity in the testing phase is comparable with that of recently reported techniques.
Are vulnerable customers any different than their peers when exposed to critical peak pricing: Evidence from the U.S.

Abstract Recent broad-based deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) enables the opportunity for broader adoption of time-based rates, and the benefits that result have been sizable contributors to making the investments cost effective. However, some stakeholders have raised concerns about the assumptions underlying the benefits assessments in AMI business cases. Such concerns are especially acute for certain subpopulations of residential customers. Low income, elderly and chronically ill (i.e., vulnerable) customers are believed to have less load that can be shifted or reduced to capture bill savings, lack the know-how or wherewithal with which to curtail usage, likely have more limited financial resources which may compel them to avoid high priced periods by reducing electricity for essential usage potentially causing them physical harm, and more generally may be more adversely affected by higher bills, which might possibly result from certain forms of time-based rates. There is very limited existing literature that addresses these questions specifically with regard to vulnerable subpopulations. This paper, based on a larger report, extends the existing empirical literature on the experiences of low-income customers exposed to critical peak pricing, and provides the first glimpses into the experiences of the elderly and those who reported being chronically ill.
Successful publishing of research: An editor's view

Abstract Authors often are frustrated by responses they receive from editors when their manuscripts are rejected and do not understand from an editor's view what is needed to successfully publish their work. Editors receive sometimes several manuscripts a day and have to develop methods to screen out the ones that are likely not to pass the review process. They also want papers to be able to be written in such a way that it is clear why the studies of which they report are important and novel and worth publishing. Thus, advice is given in the following article that begins with how to choose an appropriate journal, to the surprising importance of a title and ends with how one should conclude the manuscript.
Impact of diet on the persistence of early vascular remodeling and stiffening induced by intrauterine growth restriction and a maternal high-fat diet

We report that a combined insult of intrauterine growth restriction and maternal high-fat diet increases the risk of early cardiovascular pathology both independently and in conjunction with a cont...
A Decade of Customer Engagement Research in Hospitality and Tourism: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda:

Over the past decade, customer engagement has attracted significant interest from academics and practitioners. This article reviews and synthesizes customer engagement research published in seven l...
Rheumatische Erkrankungen im Alter

Altere Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis erhalten eine weniger intensive Basistherapie, und die Wahrscheinlichkeit, auf einen TFN-Blocker eingestellt zu werden, nimmt mit steigendem Alter ab, obwohl Ansprechen auf die Therapie, Vertraglichkeit und Therapieerfolg unabhangig vom Alter sind. Es sollte daher keine altersbedingten Beschrankungen im Einsatz von Basistherapien bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis geben; altersphysiologische Veranderungen und Komorbiditaten mussen bei der Therapie berucksichtigt werden.
Altered Achilles tendon morphology in individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis: a case report

Individuals post-stroke walk slowly and with more effort, which puts them at higher risks for falls. The slow walking speed results from insufficient propulsive forces generated by the paretic leg. Current rehabilitative efforts to improve walking function target increasing propulsive forces, but overlook the muscle-tendon unit. Two individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis are presented. In both individuals post-stroke, paretic ankle plantarflexors presented with increased muscle tone. Gait kinetics revealed asymmetric propulsive forces, specifically, insufficient propulsive forces by the paretic legs, consistent with previous literature. Sonography revealed increased thickness of paretic Achilles tendon at the calcaneal insertion, in both stroke cases, in contrast to comparable Achilles tendon thickness between limbs in the non-neurologically impaired controls. Tendon unit integrity should be considered in individuals post-stroke who demonstrate abnormal muscle tone and insufficient propulsion during gait.
Locality Bounds for Nonredundant Binary-Integer Representations

Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithms (GEAs) rely on operators such as mutation and recombination to introduce variation to the genotypes. Because of their crucial role and effect on GEA performance, several studies have attempted to model and quantify the variation induced by different operators on various genotypic representations and GEAs. One metric of particular interest is the locality of genetic operators and representations, or how sensitive the phenotype is to small changes in genotype. Consequently, there is a considerable body of empirical work on the effects that different representations have on locality, with an emphasis on several popular representations, such as Gray encoding, and popular variation operators, such as single-bit mutation and single-point crossover.Here, we compute and prove tight upper and lower bounds on locality. We first precisely define our locality metrics for the single-point mutation and generic crossover operators by reformulating Rothlauf’s seminal definitions specific to the binary-to-integer domain of representations. We then prove lower and upper bounds for single-point mutation locality by reducing the problem to mappings on hypercubes, and present constructive algorithms to generate representations of both optimal and pessimal locality. We also compute asymptotic bounds for generalized locality under any crossover operator.Our primary result is that the single-point locality of standard binary encoding is provably as good as Binary-Reflected Gray encoding, while other Gray encodings, which we construct, have worse locality. Another important result is that the generalized locality of any nonredundant binary-to-integer representation quickly converges to the same value, meaning that this metric cannot discriminate among representations and may therefore lose its usefulness for binary-integer representations.
Nested Federalism and Inuit Governance in the Canadian Arctic: by Gary N. Wilson, Christopher Alcantara, and Thierry Rodon, Vancouver, UBC Press, 2020, 207 pp., CAN $29.95 (paper), ISBN: 978-0-7748-6308-7

The Canadian federal system was never designed to recognize Indigenous governance and has resisted formal institutional change. But change has come, and according to Gary N. Wilson, Christopher Alc...
Nuclear hypochromasia: Shedding light on the “lightness” of high-grade urothelial carcinoma

Background The Paris system (TPS) has provided a standardized classification for reporting urinary cytology, specifically high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). While hyperchromasia is well described in HGUC, there exists little data on nuclear hypochromasia in HGUC. Our focus was to investigate the incidence of hypochromasia in HGUC and if it should become a criterion for HGUC. Design All cases of HGUC at our institution for a 3-year interval (2017-2019) using TPS were reviewed. Each case had a single ThinPrep slide and concurrent biopsy or resection specimen to confirm the diagnosis within 30 days. The presence of hypochromasia was evaluated, and cases with hypochromasia were stratified based on the tumor cell percentage. Cases with hypochromasia in 5% or greater of the tumor cells were considered "positively identified" for hypochromasia. Results We reviewed 117 cases of HGUC and identified nuclear hypochromasia in 12 cases (10.2%) within 5% or greater of the tumor cells. These 12 cases were further assessed based on if tumor cells showed hypochromasia in 5%-49% of the sample, or greater than 50% of the sample. Hypochromasia in 5%-49% of tumor cells was present in 8/117 cases (6.8%); whereas in 50% or greater samples 4/117 cases (3.4%) showed hypochromasia. No cases were identified where hypochromasia was noted in less than 5% of the tumor cells. Conclusion TPS and use of hyperchromasia as a feature of HGUC is affirmed. However, hypochromasia, while not diagnostic in isolation, is present in a sub-set of patients with HGUC (10.2%) and should be considered as a variance noted in the nuclei of HGUC.