cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Signed Version of Putnam’s Homology Theory: Lefschetz and Zeta Functions

A signed version of Putnam homology for Smale spaces is introduced. Its definition, basic properties and associated Lefschetz theorem are outlined. In particular, zeta functions associated to an Axiom A diffeomorphism are compared.
Moral responsibility, personal regulation, and helping others: A cultural approach to moral reasoning in U.S. evangelical Christian cultures

The way that people think about moral responsibility and personal freedom in their moral judgments is a complex issue that has been extensively theorized and researched from the perspective of Social Domain Theory. In this study, I offer a cultural reinterpretation of the Social Domain Theory of moral reasoning to examine how judgments about helping others are linked to cultural visions of morality and personal freedom within U.S. evangelical Christian religious cultures. Sixteen parent–child dyads from an evangelical Christian church produced conversations in response to hypothetical vignettes about helping others in need. Mixed quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed conceptions of personal freedom that prioritized personal regulation of self in line with standards for helping actions and desires determined by God, rather than personal determination of correct action and desire. Findings are interpreted and discussed in light of local conceptions of morality, self, and helping. I conclude by usin...
High-resolution fast temperature mapping of a gas turbine combustor simulator with femtosecond infrared laser written fiber Bragg gratings

Femtosecond infrared (fs-IR) written fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), have demonstrated great potential for extreme sensing. Such conditions are inherent to the advanced gas turbine engines under development to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and the ability to measure temperature gradients in these harsh environments is currently limited by the lack of sensors and controls capable of withstanding the high temperature, pressure and corrosive conditions present. This paper discusses fabrication and deployment of several fs-IR written FBG arrays, for monitoring the sidewall and exhaust temperature gradients of a gas turbine combustor simulator. Results include: contour plots of measured temperature gradients contrasted with thermocouple data, discussion of deployment strategies and comments on reliability.
A phase II trial of cabozantinib (Cabo) in patients (pts) with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) metastatic to bone (NCT01428219).

TPS5094 Background: MET overexpression predicts prostate cancer invasion and bone metastasis; inhibition of MET/VEGF pathways has synergistic activity in CRPC (Knudsen et al. Adv Cancer Res 2004; A...
Warning: Using a Cellular Phone While You Drive May Be Hazardous

As people increasingly communicate by cellular telephones, growing evidence suggests their use by automobile drivers is contributing significantly to accidents. Only a few American states have legislated on this problem, and those but minimally. The hazard factor involves basically driver distraction. But legislation restricting driver cell phone usage would be premature at this time. The urgent need is for much more information on the scope and nature of the hazard problem. Steps should be taken now to ensure that auto accident reporting systems will take thorough account of the degree to which driver cellular phones are implicated.
Game Spirituality: How Games Tell Us More than We Might Think

While we often see games as less serious or at least less transcendental than religion there is reason to believe that games can evoke similarly meaningful narratives that allow us to learn a great...
Residential Proximity to Roadways and Ischemic Placental Disease in a Cape Cod Family Health Study.

Exposure to air pollution may adversely impact placental function through a variety of mechanisms; however, epidemiologic studies have found mixed results. We examined the association between traffic exposure and placental-related obstetric conditions in a retrospective cohort study on Cape Cod, MA, USA. We assessed exposure to traffic using proximity metrics (distance of residence to major roadways and length of major roadways within a buffer around the residence). The outcomes included self-reported ischemic placental disease (the presence of at least one of the following conditions: preeclampsia, placental abruption, small-for-gestational-age), stillbirth, and vaginal bleeding. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders. We found no substantial association between traffic exposure and ischemic placental disease, small-for-gestational-age, preeclampsia, or vaginal bleeding. We found some evidence of an increased risk of stillbirth and placental abruption among women living the closest to major roadways (RRs comparing living <100 m vs. ≥200 m = 1.75 (95% CI: 0.82–3.76) and 1.71 (95% CI: 0.56–5.23), respectively). This study provides some support for the hypothesis that air pollution exposure adversely affects the risk of placental abruption and stillbirth; however, the results were imprecise due to the small number of cases, and may be impacted by non-differential exposure misclassification and selection bias.
311 MATERNAL PREDOMINANCE IN CYCLIC VOMITING PATTERN IN GASTROPARESIS.

Introduction A cyclic pattern of gastroparesis (GP) has recently been described and shown to differ from noncyclic patterns (NGM abstract, 2006). Likewise, cyclic patterns have been associated with migraine, which is felt to be maternally inherited. We investigated the hypothesis that GP patients with a cyclic pattern might have a more maternal pattern of inheritance for migraine and related overlap syndromes. Patients From a database of 345 consecutive patients seen, 48 patients (8 M, 40 F, mean age 41.5 years)-with the following diagnoses: 18 idiopathic, 27 diabetes mellitus, and 3 postsurgical disorders-presented with the symptoms of GP. Most patients were drug refractory and referred for possible gastric electrical stimulation (GES). Patients were 35 (3 M, 32 F) with cyclic symptoms (Cyc), and 13 (1 M, 12 F) with no cyclic symptoms (NoCyc). Thirty-eight of 48 patients (25 Cyc and 13 NoCyc) underwent implantation of permanent GES, mean of 33 months. Methods Family history of overlap syndromes and related disorders was determined by interview. Both maternal and paternal family histories were compiled for several overlap syndromes, as previously described (NGM, above). Results Maternal prevalence of migraine and related overlap syndromes was nearly universally higher in patients with cyclic symptoms (Table) versus those with noncyclic symptoms. Conclusions GP patients with cyclic symptoms have a much higher female predominance of migraine and related overlap syndromes. These findings raise the possibility of a genetic, possibly mitochondrial DNA-linked biologic component in the cyclic nature of their symptoms.
An object-oriented database system for efficient information retrieval applications

This dissertation deals with the application of object-oriented database techniques to the problem of storage and access of information retrieval (IR) data, especially data that can be organized as a graph, such as a thesaurus encoded in semantic networks, or hypertext collections. Even traditional IR models can use graph representations of documents and concepts. This dissertation reports the development of an object-oriented model called the LEND (Large External object-oriented Network Database) model. This model contains not only features found in a typical object-oriented model but also those that specifically are designed for graph-structured data. A query language is provided facilitating the specification of graph-oriented queries. A prototype LEND system has been implemented to test the model on realistic graph-structured data. It adopts an open system architecture and design, and is easily extensible, like the LEND model itself. The research result of suitable data structures and algorithms (a class of minimal perfect hashing functions) for the efficient implementation of the LEND model is also reported. These data structures and algorithms enable retrieval of a node or a set of nodes in an optimal fashion. Placement of a large graph on a disk is studied as well. The method developed permits efficient traversal of graphs.
The Dissociative Subtype of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Adolescents: Co-Occurring PTSD, Depersonalization/Derealization, and Other Dissociation Symptoms.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation in a clinical sample of trauma-exposed adolescents, first evaluating evidence for the depersonalization/derealization dissociative subtype of PTSD as defined by the DSM-5, and then examining a broader set of dissociation symptoms. Method A sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed adolescents ages 12 to 16 (N=3,081) from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set was used to meet the study objectives. Two models of PTSD/dissociation co-occurrence were estimated using latent class analysis, one with two dissociation symptoms and the other with ten dissociation symptoms. After model selection, groups within each model were compared on demographics, trauma characteristics, and psychopathology. Results Model A, the depersonalization/derealization model, had five classes: (1) dissociative subtype/high PTSD; (2) high PTSD; (3) anxious arousal; (4) dysphoric arousal; and (5) a low symptom/reference class. Model B, the expanded dissociation model, identified an additional class characterized by dissociative amnesia and detached arousal. Conclusion These two models provide new information about the specific ways PTSD and dissociation co-occur and illuminate some differences between adult and adolescent trauma symptom expression. A dissociative subtype of PTSD can be distinguished from PTSD alone among adolescents, but assessing a wider range of dissociative symptoms is needed in order to fully characterize adolescent traumatic stress responses.
In Vitro Effects of High-Intensity Laser Photobiomodulation on Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability and Cytokine Expression.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine the influence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) viability, proliferation, and cytokine expression in vitro. Background: Photobiomodulation of cells using monochromatic light is a technique designed to influence cellular processes. Previous studies have shown dose-dependent effects of low-level laser irradiation on cell proliferation and cytokine expression in a range of cell types and species. Evidence for the influence of 1064 nm wavelength near-infrared irradiation on MSCs is sparse, and high-energy doses have shown inhibitory effects. Methods: MSC cultures from six horses were exposed to 1064 nm irradiation with an energy density of 9.77 J/cm2 and a mean output power of 13.0 W for 10 sec. MSC viability and proliferation were evaluated through flow cytometry and real-time live cell analysis. Gene expression and cytokine production in the first 24 h after irradiati...
Phosphorus Dimerization in Gallium Phosphide at High Pressure.

Using combined experimental and computational approaches, we show that at 43 GPa and 1300 K gallium phosphide adopts the super- Cmcm structure, here indicated with its Pearson notation oS24. First-principles enthalpy calculations demonstrate that this structure is more thermodynamically stable above ∼20 GPa than previously proposed polymorphs. In contrast to other polymorphs, the oS24 phase shows a strong bonding differentiation and distorted fivefold coordination geometries of both P atoms. The shortest bond of the phase is a single covalent P-P bond measuring 2.171(11) A at synthesis pressure. Phosphorus dimerization in GaP sheds light on the nature of the super- Cmcm phase and provides critical new insights into the high-pressure polymorphism of octet semiconductors. Bond directionality and anisotropy explain the relatively low symmetry of this high-pressure phase.
Leveraging Parent Chaperones to Support Youths’ Learning During an Out-of-School Field Trip to a Marine Science Field Station

Historically, research on field trips to out-of-school settings has focused on cognitive outcomes as well as affective impacts of field trips (Anderson et al. 2000; Falk 1983; Falk and Dierking 1997). However, few studies have examined the role that parent chaperones play during these field trips and the ways in which interactions (including learning conversations) between parent chaperones and youth could be leveraged to further support learning during field trips. In this chapter, the authors shared findings of a study exploring the nature of interactions between parent chaperones and youth during a field trip to a marine science field station. The rationale was to understand such interactions as a means to leverage parent chaperones to further support learners during field trip experiences to out-of-school marine science education settings. Data was collected from groups attending the Coastal Ecology three-day field trip program at the Chincoteague Bay Field Station located in Wallops Island, Virginia (USA), and videotaped all interactions that took place during science activities. To gain insight into the ways parent chaperones interacted with learners during the field trip experience, the authors conducted a qualitative, microethnographic study using predominately video-based data collection strategies. The analysis utilized sociocultural learning theories and an iterative data analysis process to understand the ways in which parent chaperones talked with youth during school field trips. The findings included three broad themes of these interactions that emerged—supporting learning, managing learners, and interfering with learning. This chapter expands on each of these heuristic themes and offers examples from the observations of chaperone–youth interactions that support each of these assertions as well as implications for practice.
Pyrazolinone-piperidine dipeptide growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs). Discovery of capromorelin.

Abstract Novel pyrazolinone-piperidine dipeptide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs). Two analogues, capromorelin ( 5 , CP-424391-18, hGHS-R1a K i =7 nM, rat pituicyte EC 50 =3 nM) and the des-methyl analogue 5c (hGHS-R1a K i =17 nM, rat pituicyte EC 50 =3 nM), increased plasma GH levels in an anesthesized rat model, with ED 50 values less than 0.05 mg/kg iv. Capromorelin showed enhanced intestinal absorption in rodent models and exhibited superior pharmacokinetic properties, including high bioavailabilities in two animal species [ F (rat)=65%, F (dog)=44%]. This short-duration GHS was orally active in canine models and was selected as a development candidate for the treatment of musculoskeletal frailty in elderly adults.
Guidelines for Resection of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a disease of the biliary tree that is increasing in incidence. Etiologic factors include hepatolithiasis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and steatosis. Many patients often present with advanced disease, and a subset will be surgical candidates. Resection is the treatment of choice and offers the best chance at long-term survival. An R0 margin should be obtained. At the time of surgery, lymph node evaluation should be performed as lymph node status strongly correlates with prognosis. Other factors associated with prognosis include tumor number and size as well as the presence of vascular invasion. The incidence of recurrence following resection is high. As such, adjuvant systemic chemotherapy should be considered especially among those patients with ICC tumors that have high-risk features.
Optimizing stimulus waveforms for suppressing epileptic activity reveals a counterbalancing mechanism

Electrical stimulation is used to treat drug- resistant epilepsy, and excessive stimulation can lead to adverse effects for patients. In this article, we use an extrema featured stochastic search algorithm to find energy-efficient stimulus waveforms that suppress seizure activity in two different computational models of epilepsy. We infer general principles that may provide insight into future design of energy efficient stimulus for epilepsy treatments.
Concentrated Factor Administration and Subsequent Pump Thrombosis on HeartMate II LVAD Support

Purpose Limited data exists regarding concentrated factor administration during continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation and subsequent rates of pump thrombosis. While the hemocompatability profile of CF pumps are presently changing, this is the largest concentrated factor experience reported in CF-LVAD patients to date. Methods Patients with first time HeartMate II implantation (n=328) were identified from a single center continuous-flow (CF-LVAD) database (n=400). Patients were coded as receiving concentrated factor if prothrombin 4 factor complex or recombinant factor VIIa was charted intra-operatively or within 48 hours of device implantation. Laboratory and hospitalization data were reviewed to determine time to first suspected or confirmed pump thrombosis. Suspected pump thrombosis was defined as a sustained rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 2.5 the upper limit of normal. Confirmed pump thrombosis was defined as a pump exchange, cardiac transplant, or death associated with a hemolysis event. Multivariable cox regression was utilized to determine the association between concentrated factor administration and the time to suspected or confirmed pump thrombosis. Results Eighteen percent of patients (59/328) received concentrated factor intra-operatively or within 48 hours of device implantation. On multivariate analysis, concentrated factor administration was not significantly associated with time to first suspected pump thrombosis (HR 1.17, 95 % CI 0.62-2.20, p = 0.62) or confirmed pump thrombosis (HR 1.19, 95 % CI 0.43-3.3, p = 0.73). All models were adjusted for discharge pump speed, age, bridge to transplant status, diabetes, and INTERMACS profile. Conclusion While no statistical association was observed between concentrated factor administration and subsequent pump thrombosis in this large single center analysis, further data will be needed to answer this question in the contemporary continuous flow era.
Identifying and addressing parental trauma and behavioral health need: The role of the child welfare system

Parents involved with the child welfare system often have been exposed to traumatic events throughout their lives and have behavioral health service needs. Although connecting parents to trauma-inf...
Pancreatic Nerve Sheath Tumors: a Single Institutional Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Improvement in imaging has resulted in frequent diagnosis of benign and premalignant pancreatic tumors. Pancreatic nerve sheath (PNS) tumors are one of the rarest pancreatic tumors. Literature on PNS is limited and their biology is poorly understood. Here, we report the largest series of PNS tumors to date and review the literature to evaluate the current data available on PNS tumors. An institutional database was used to identify patients who underwent resection for PNS tumors. Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of these patients were reported. Furthermore, a review of literature was performed. From January 1994 through December 2016, seven patients underwent resection for PNS tumors. The median age was 57.7 years (IQR, 44.9–61.9) and the sex was approximately equally distributed (male = 4; 57.1%). Three (42.9%) patients were diagnosed incidentally and six (85.7%) were misdiagnosed as having other pancreatic tumors. The median tumor size was 2.1 (IQR 1.8–3.0) cm and six (85.7%) had no nodal disease. At a median follow-up of 15.5 (IQR 13.7–49.3) months, six patients were alive without evidence of disease and one patient was lost to follow-up. The literature review identified 49 studies reporting 54 patients with PNS tumors. Forty-six were misdiagnosed as having other pancreatic tumors. The median tumor size was 3.6 (range 1–20) cm, nodal disease was present in six patients (22.2%), and no patient had distant metastatic disease. At the time of last follow-up, all patients were free of disease. This is the largest single institution series on PNS tumors reported to date. These tumors are rare and are often misdiagnosed, given their radiological characteristics. PNS tumors have a benign course of disease and surgical resection results in favorable long-term outcomes.
The synthesis of novel polycyclic heterocyclic ring systems via photocyclization. 23 . Naphtho[2′,1′:4,5]thieno‐[2,3‐c]naphtho[2,1‐f]quinoline

A previously unknown heterocyclic ring system, naphtho[2′,1′:4,5]thieno[2,3-c]naphtho[2,1-f]quinoline (14), was synthesized via oxidative photocyclization of 3-chloro-N-(2-phenanthryl)naphtho[1,2-b]-thiophene-2-carboxamide (9). Further elaboration of the lactam 10 yielded the unsubstituted ring system 14. Structural confirmation of compound 14 was accomplished by a total assignment of its 1H and 13C nmr spectra utilizing the concerted two-dimensional nmr spectroscopic methods.
Regulatory Considerations for the Use of Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine in CNS Drug Development: A European Perspective

Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent an area of major unmet medical need. Personalized medicine (PM) is a new paradigm that capitalizes on known variability in patients, which results in differences in disease susceptibility and responses to medicines. The European regulatory network is facilitating the development of PM approaches for CNS disorders, including pharmacogenomics, biomarkers (BMs), companion diagnostics, and rare diseases; novel methodologies and innovative clinical trial designs; and advanced therapies (e.g., gene therapies, somatic cell therapies, and tissue-engineered medicines). A greater focus on patient centricity and involvement of patient groups has led to enhanced regulatory support, including dedicated scientific advice resources, new guidance documents, and multistakeholder platforms to address challenges in PM development. These initiatives have resulted in some successes (e.g., BM qualification), and it is hoped that these will facilitate future approval of personalized CNS medicines.
Hepatic Bile Formation: Canalicular Osmolarity and Paracellular and Transcellular Water Flow.

The purpose of this minireview is to show that a new paradigm is developing regarding hepatic bile flow. The focus thus far has been on carrier-mediated transport of bile acids and other solutes, such as glutathione, which create an osmotic gradient for the transcellular and paracellular flow of water into canaliculi. In addition to the physicochemical properties of bile acids, which govern the osmotic gradient, data now exist showing that the tight junctions governing paracellular water flow and Aquaporin-8 water channels governing transcellular water flow are regulated independently. Thus, the rate of water flow into the canaliculus in response to bile acid transport is variable and determines canalicular bile acid concentration, which affects the production and solubilization of cholesterol-lecithin vesicles. These new considerations modify thinking regarding the occurrence of cholestasis and its progression and reorient the design of experimental studies that can distinguish the different determinants of bile flow. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The paradigm that water flow into the canaliculus is determined only by the rate of carrier-mediated transport has been challenged recently by the changes that occur in hepatic bile composition in the Claudin-2 knockout mouse and with the cholestatic effect of estradiol 17β-d-glucuronide. Thus, a respective reduction in paracellular or transcellular canalicular water flow, probably via Aquaporin 8, has no significant effect on bile acid excretion.
Pediatric environmental health: exposures and interactions

Abstract This chapter describes children’s environmental health, a fast-growing interdisciplinary field focused on the environmental factors that influence children’s well-being. The chapter starts by presenting a brief history of children’s environmental health. It then introduces three factors contributing to children’s vulnerability to environmental exposures: the physiological differences between children and adults; the windows of susceptibility during early life stages; and children’s unique activity patterns and behaviors make them more vulnerable to the effects of environmental exposures than adults. The chapter also presents three major sources of environmental risks to children’s health: food, water, and air. The end of the chapter discusses the roles of agencies, the public, and the research community in advancing the field of children’s environmental health.
Facebook LGBTQ Pictivism: The Effects of Women’s Rainbow Profile Filters on Sexual Prejudice and Online Belonging:

Facebook’s rainbow profile filter represents a popular display of activism (“pictivism”) commonly used by women, yet little is known of pictivism’s potential for creating social change. We tested w...
Facile Light-Induced Transformation of [RuII(bpy)2(bpyNO)]2+ to [RuII(bpy)3]2.

Ru-based coordination compounds have important applications as photosensitizers and catalysts. [RuII(bpy)2(bpyNO)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine and bpyNO = 2,2′-bipyridine-N-oxide) was reported to be e...
Finite Element Computation of Two-Dimensional Unsteady Flow for River Problems

This paper presents the results of studies on the development and application of a generalized finite element model for the computation of two-dimensional unsteady free surface flows with emphasis on river problems. The model formulation is based on the complete depth-integrated shallow water equations. The finite element procedure employs linear triangular elements and linear shape functions with Galerkin’s method of weighted residuals. The time integration is carried out implicitly and the scheme is unconditionally stable. The computed results are in good agreement with published data and analytical solutions. The model has been tested on different problems and has been found to be very efficient.
What's Money Got to Do With It?: Public Interest Lawyering and Profit

Definitions of public interest lawyering influence financial support, regulation of lawyers, and professional identity. This Article examines three contexts in which legal institutions have operationalized the concept of public interest lawyering: tax exemptions, exceptions to solicitation prohibitions, and fee-shifting statutes. The Article critiques the common conception of public interest lawyering as work provided by non-profit organizations or through volunteer activities outside the mainstream market for legal services. It argues that interpreting public interest lawyering as a market exception not only is incomplete but also threatens the viability of important work.
Timing of smoking cessation treatment integrated into outpatient treatment with medications for opioid use disorder: Feasibility trial.

Abstract Introduction Cigarette smoking rates among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) are notoriously high and may be improved by considering the timing of treatment integration for these two substances. The current study examined the feasibility of a method for assessing the timing of integrating smoking cessation pharmacotherapy within three different phases of outpatient treatment with medication for OUD (MOUD). Methods Seventy-four buprenorphine-maintained smokers were enrolled in a quasi-experimental study across three MOUD treatment phases: 0–90 (Phase 1), 91–365 (Phase 2), and > 365 days of MOUD treatment (Phase 3). During a 12-week varenicline-based intervention, the study assessed outcomes daily via text messages (cigarette smoking, varenicline adherence, side effects) or monthly at in-person visits (quit motivation and carbon monoxide levels). Results Thirty-five participants completed the study, with a lower retention rate in Phase 1 (37.5%) relative to Phases 2 (53.5%) or 3 (57.1%). A trend occurred for Phase 1 participants to report aversive side effects (e.g., abnormal dreams, gastrointestinal distress) on more study days. Among completers, adherence to text messaging and varenicline use was high and independent of MOUD treatment phase. Participants in all phases reported declines in cigarette smoking and increases in quit motivation over time; the study observed biochemically verified tobacco abstinence among only a few participants from Phases 2 or 3. Conclusions This feasibility study demonstrates a method to evaluate the timing of treatment integration for cigarette smoking and MOUD. Method strengths include a study schedule that coincided with the MOUD clinic schedule and use of text messaging to encourage varenicline adherence and evaluate outcomes regularly.
The Work of Ernst Freund in the Field of Legislation

one might come to the conclusion that whether proof of non-volition of the decedent or of uncontrollable impulse or of both is stated as a requisite of claimant's case, in the great majority of cases, probably would make no difference; but, inasmuch as a general state of non-volition in the mind, especially in a well developed case of insanity, is a thing often so distinctly evidenced by objective manifestations as to be fairly susceptible of proof, while an uncontrollable impulse is likely to be a thing so strictly subjective as to give little or no objective manifestation prior to the suicidal act and therefore likely to be unsusceptible of proof, probably a formula directly making volition the pivotal * Professor of Law, De Paul University. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW REVIEW point upon which to decide the case is preferable to a formula making the case turn upon uncontrollable impulse. It is of course true that the very reason for talking about uncontrollable impulse is that the suicide upon uncontrollable impulse is not a volitional suicide; but, because of the subjective approach through the "uncontrollable impulse" formula, it would seem that industrial boards may find it more difficult to justify in their own minds an award to the claimant under this formula than under the formula stressing volition. It may be comparatively easy to adduce some objective proof that the decedent was so insane that he was incapable of entertaining any volition, so that there is some proof to sustain an award; but it may be somewhat more difficult to find any proof that the decedent actually had an uncontrollable impulse to commit suicide, for the fact of uncontrollable impulse lies in the field of the subjective, which is not so easily penetrable by proof. In general, in workmen's compensation cases, courts seem inclined to follow loosely, with perhaps a greater liberality to plaintiff, the general principles of the common law as to causation and of inclusion of damage within or exclusion from the operation of the rule of law invoked by the plaintiff, just as they have done in cases brought under wrongful death statutes.' In one case, a board's award of compensation for suicide was permitted by I Daniels v. New York, New Haven & Hartford R. Co., 183 Mass. 393, 67 N.E. 424, 62 L.R.A. 751 (x903), is a wrongful death case in which recovery was refused because the uncontroverted evidence tended to show that decedent "with deliberate purpose, planned to take his own life," that he had "an understanding of the physical nature and effect of his act," and that he had a "willful and intelligent purpose to accomplish it." This case is often cited and followed in workmen's compensation cases. See Tetrault's Case, 278 Mass. 447, i8o N.E. 231
Weight loss outcomes among patients referred after primary bariatric procedure.

Abstract Background Bariatric patients may not always obtain long-term care by their primary surgeon. Our aim was to evaluate weight loss outcomes in patients who had surgery elsewhere. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis. Postreferral management included nonsurgical, revision, or conversion. Primary outcomes were percent excess weight loss (%EWL) overall, according to original operation, and based on postreferral management. Results Between 2001 and 2013, there were 569 patients. Mean follow-up was 3.1 years. Management was 42% nonsurgical, 41% revision, and 17% conversion. Overall, mean %EWL was 45.3%. Based on original surgery type, %EWL was 41.2% for adjustable gastric banding vs 58.3% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( P ≤ .0001). Management affected %EWL (41.2% nonsurgical vs 45.3% revision vs 55.1% conversion, P ≤ .0001). Conclusions Patients referred after bariatric surgery can achieve satisfactory weight loss. This differs based on surgery type and management strategy.
Does Financial Sophistication Matter in Retirement Preparedness of U.S Households? Evidence from the 2010 Survey of Consumer Finances

We extend previous studies of retirement adequacy by testing the effect of financial sophistication on projected retirement adequacy. In an analysis of the 2010 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) dataset, we found that only 42% of households are adequately prepared for retirement compared to 58% in 2007. We tested the effects of three proxies for financial sophistication based on previous studies: (1) education, (2) use of financial planning services, and (3) understanding of the SCF survey questions. Our multivariate analysis shows that households with college education are more likely to have an adequate retirement than those with less than high school. Households using a financial planner are more likely to have an adequate retirement than non-user households. However, good understanding of the SCF survey questions is not significantly related to the likelihood of having an adequate retirement.
Automatic Analysis of Loops to Exploit Operator Parallelism on Reconfigurable Systems

With rapid advances in FPGA and other hardware technologies, architectures based on configurable computing engines, in which the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) can be modified on-the-fly during computation, are becoming popular. Configurable architectures offer an opportunity for adapting the underlying hardware to the computation for efficiency. Typically, the need for configuration arises due to the fact that a given hardware ALU configuration is better suited for execution of a given algorithmic step. Since a program is an abstraction of a sequence of algorithmic steps, the need for such a reconfiguration (i.e., changing from one configuration to another), would thus, arise at different program points corresponding to these algorithmic steps. The problem of identifying the optimal configurations at different steps in a program is a very complex issue but allows the power of these architectures to be maximally used if solved. The success of these architectures critically depends on the effectiveness of the compiler and the research in this area is just beginning. The purpose of this paper is to specifically focus on an automatic compilation framework developed to effectively exploit operator parallelism.
Gene expression signature of estrogen receptor α status in breast cancer

Estrogens are known to regulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells and to modify their phenotypic properties. Identification of estrogen-regulated genes in human breast tumors is an essential step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of estrogen action in cancer. To this end we generated and compared the Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) profiles of 26 human breast carcinomas based on their estrogen receptor α (ER) status. Thus, producing a breast cancer SAGE database of almost 2.5 million tags, representing over 50,000 transcripts. We identified 520 transcripts differentially expressed between ERα-positive (+) and ERα-negative (-) primary breast tumors (Fold change ≥ 2; p < 0.05). Furthermore, we identified 220 high-affinity Estrogen Responsive Elements (EREs) distributed on the promoter regions of 163 out of the 473 up-modulated genes in ERα (+) breast tumors. In brief, we observed predominantly up-regulation of cell growth related genes, DNA binding and transcription factor activity related genes based on Gene Ontology (GO) biological functional annotation. GO terms over-representation analysis showed a statistically significant enrichment of various transcript families including: metal ion binding related transcripts (p = 0.011), calcium ion binding related transcripts (p = 0.033) and steroid hormone receptor activity related transcripts (p = 0.031). SAGE data associated with ERα status was compared with reported information from breast cancer DNA microarrays studies. A significant proportion of ERα associated gene expression changes was validated by this cross-platform comparison. However, our SAGE study also identified novel sets of genes as highly expressed in ERα (+) invasive breast tumors not previously reported. These observations were further validated in an independent set of human breast tumors by means of real time RT-PCR. The integration of the breast cancer comparative transcriptome analysis based on ERα status coupled to the genome-wide identification of high-affinity EREs and GO over-representation analysis, provide useful information for validation and discovery of signaling networks related to estrogen response in this malignancy.
Report - Paying for the Past: Addressing Past Property Violations in South Africa

The constitution of South Africa mandates equitable redress for individuals and communities evicted from their properties during colonialism and apartheid. The Commission on Restitution of Land Rights' institution-wide assumption is that the financial awards given as equitable redress had no long-term economic impact on recipients because the money is gone and they are still in poverty, whereas if people had received land, the economic impact would have been lasting. Consequently, in recent years, the commission has adopted a policy of using its soft power to force claimants to choose land restitution instead of financial awards. However, the interviews I conducted with financial award recipients show that in 30 percent of the cases, the award did produce a long-term economic benefit because respondents invested in their homes. This empirical evidence suggests that the commission should rethink its recent shift in policy and not totally discount the potential of financial awards to produce a lasting economic benefit.
Exposing the Ravages of Colonialism: A Political Analysis of Memory in the Flesh

“Art is everything that touches us, and not necessarily just everything we understand” This is what one experiences when reading Ahlam Mostaghanmei’s novel memory in the Flesh. Her art vigorously shakes our feelings and makes our mind wonder without rest. In her novel she allows us to invade every corner of the Algerian society. The paper is an analysis of this novel, Memory in the Flesh. The purpose of my paper is to expose the ravages of colonialism drawing on Edward Said’s theory of orientalism. In addition to this explicit purpose, the paper provides a twofold contribution to the field. First, it provides an example of how novels can assist us as scholars to study social and political phenomena and second it demonstrates how the study of the literature of other cultures can provide the reader with the opportunity to make a place in their mind for a foreign “other.”
SPACING PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES FOR ARRAY OPTIMIZATION

Abstract : A spacing perturbation technique is developed for the maximization of the directive gain and the signal-to-noise ratio of a linear array of identical elements. The initial array can be of uniform or nonuniform spacings with any given excitation amplitude and phase distribution. After an optimum set of spacings is obtained by perturbation, the excitation amplitudes and phases can be adjusted for further improvement in the performance index of interest. The optimum spacings can be recalculated and the cycle of iteration repeated if desired. The spacing perturbation technique is based on a new optimization theorem; there is no need to solve nonlinear equations or to rely on a trial- and-error procedure. In all cases computed, the iteration process converges rapidly. Illustrative examples are given for both broadside and endfire operations. Typical radiation patterns are plotted which bring out a number of interesting features of the optimization process.
The Role of Substance Use and Mental Health Problems in Medication Adherence Among HIV-Infected MSM.

Abstract Mental health and substance abuse problems are highly prevalent among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and frequently interfere with antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Novel interventions that address underlying psychosocial health problems are necessary for improving ART adherence to enhance HIV-related health outcomes and suppress HIV viral load in an effort to prevent transmission to uninfected partners. This brief review describes the mental health problems and specific substances that pose the greatest threat to medication adherence among MSM and summarizes findings from recent intervention trials that simultaneously address ART adherence and comorbid psychosocial factors among HIV-infected MSM.
Stimulation of lactotrope differentiation in vitro by fibroblast growth factor.

We have reported previously that differentiation of PRL-secreting cells in rats is regulated by a maternal peptide transferred to the neonatal circulation after ingestion of mothers' milk. Inasmuch as milk contains numerous hormones and biologically active peptides, the present study was designed to test the capacity of various growth factors and hypothalamic peptides at inducing the differentiation of PRL cells in vitro. Anterior pituitary cells from 1-day-old rat pups were cultured in a serum-free system for 6 days with a wide concentration range of each test peptide. After this culture period, lactotrope differentiation was assessed by subjecting the anterior pituitary cells to reverse hemolytic plaque assays for PRL. Our efforts were focused on those growth factors and hypophysiotropic peptides found in milk and/or known to regulate pituitary function. Included among these were TRH, GH-releasing factor, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, angiotensin-II, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II, ...
Quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of human fibroblasts transformed by ras oncogenes.

Quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the cellular protein patterns of a normal foreskin-derived human fibroblast cell line (LG 1) and three immortal derivatives of LG1. One derivative, designated MSU–1.1 VO, was selected for its ability to grow in the absence of serum and is non-tumorigenic in athymic mice. The other two strains were selected for focus-formation following transfection with either Ha-ras or N-ras oncogenes and form high grade malignant tumors. Correspondence and cluster analysis provided a nonbiased estimate of the relative similarity of the different two-dimensional patterns. These techniques separated the gel patterns into three distinct classes: LG1, MSU–1.1 VO, and the ras transformed cell strains. The MSU-1.1 VO cells were more closely related to the parental LG1 than to the ras-transformed cells. The differences between the three classes were primarily quantitative in nature: 16% of the spots demonstrated statistically significant changes (P 2) in the rate of incorporation of radioactive amino acids. The patterns from the two ras-transformed cell strains were similar, and variations in the expression of proteins that occurred between the separate experiments obscured consistent differences between the Ha-ras and N-ras transformed cells. However, while only 9 out of 758 spots were classified as different (1%), correspondence analysis could consistently separate the two ras transformants. One of these spots was five times more intense in the Ha-ras transformed cells than the N-ras. These results demonstrate the potential of automated two-dimensional gel analysis for classifying different gel patterns, even patterns whose differences are obscured by the minor changes in spot intensity that arise between separate cell cultures.
Dual action antimicrobials: nitric oxide release from quaternary ammonium-functionalized silica nanoparticles.

The synthesis of quaternary ammonium (QA)-functionalized silica nanoparticles with and without nitric oxide (NO) release capabilities is described. Glycidyltrialkylammonium chlorides of varied alkyl chain lengths (i.e., methyl, butyl, octyl, and dodecyl) were tethered to the surface of amine-containing silica nanoparticles via a ring-opening reaction. Secondary amines throughout the particle were then functionalized with N-diazeniumdiolate NO donors to yield dual functional nanomaterials with surface QAs and total NO payloads of 0.3 μmol/mg. The bactericidal activities of singly (i.e., only NO-releasing or only QA-functionalized) and dual (i.e., NO-releasing and QA-functionalized) functional nanoparticles were tested against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Particles with only NO release capabilities alone were found to be more effective against P. aeruginosa, while particles with only QA-functionalities exhibited greater toxicity toward S. aureus. The minimum ...
Radical cations in the horseradish peroxidase and prostaglandin H synthase mediated metabolism and binding of benzo[a]pyrene to deoxyribonucleic acid.

Abstract Metabolism and DNA binding studies are used to investigate mechanisms of activation for carcinogens. In this paper we describe metabolism of benzo[ a ]pyrene (BP) and 6-fluorobenzo a ]pyrene (6-FBP) by two peroxidases, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and prostaglandin H synthase (PHS), which are known to catalyze one-electron oxidation. In addition, binding of BP and BP quinones to DNA was compared in the two enzyme systems. The only metabolites formed from BP or 6-FBP by either enzyme were the quinones, BP 1,6-, 3,6- and 6,12-dione. HRP metabolized BP and 6-FBP to the same extent and produced the same proportion of each dione from both compounds, approximately 40% each of BP 1,6- and 3,6-dione and 20% BP 6,12-dione. PHS formed twice as much quinones from BP as from 6-FBP and produced relatively more BP 3,6-dione from 6-FBP (46%) compared to BP (30%) and relatively less BP 6,12-dione from 6-FBP (16%) compared to BP (33%). Removal of the fluoro substituent in the metabolism of 6-FBP is consistent only with an initial one-electron oxidation of the substrate. Since BP quinones were the only products formed in HRP- and PHS-catalyzed activation of BP, their possible binding to DNA was compared to that of BP. No significant binding of BP quinones to DNA occurred with either HRP or PHS. These results, coupled with those from other chemical and biochemical experiments, demonstrate that HRP- and PHS-catalyzed one-electron oxidation of BP to its radical cation is the mechanism of formation of quinones and binding of BP to DNA.
Cavitation in Liquid Helium

Ultrasonic cavitation has been induced in liquid helium over the temperature range 1.2 to 2.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, using a pair of identical transducers. The transducers were calibrated using a reciprocity technique and the cavitation threshold was determined at 90 kc/sec. It was found that this threshold has a sharp peak at the $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ point, but is at all temperatures quite low, with an approximate range of 0.001-0.01 atm. The significance of these results is discussed.