cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect effects of contextual factors, caregiver depression, and parenting on attachment security in preschoolers

The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-level-of-analysis model of preschool attachment security and to determine the processes (direct and indirect) whereby factors from different domains (e.g., stress and parenting) are related to attachment during this period. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of stress, family conflict, caregiver depression symptoms, and parenting on attachment security in a large (N = 796) and diverse sample of 4-year-olds. This study used the 3-Boxes Task to assess aspects of parenting critical to sensitivity in the preschool period, labeling this construct sensitivity/scaffolding. Parent-report questionnaires were used to assess stress, conflict, caregiver depressive symptoms, parent support/engagement, and parent hostility/coercion. Direct observation (3-Boxes Task) was used to assess sensitivity/scaffolding and attachment (Attachment Q-Sort) based on a 2½-3 hour home visit. Results of structural equation modeling indicated a good overall fit for the model. Among the parenting variables, sensitivity/scaffolding had the strongest effect on attachment. Depressive symptoms had both direct and indirect effects (mediated by parenting). The effects of stress and family conflict were mediated by caregiver depression symptoms and parenting. These data show that a developmentally appropriate measure of sensitivity plays a significant role in attachment security in preschoolers. Thus, strategies designed to enhance sensitivity/scaffolding may increase child resilience by enhancing attachment security.
Informed Speculation with Imperfect Competition

Competitive rational expectations models have the unsatisfactory property, dubbed the "schizophrenia" problem by Hellwig, that each trader takes the equilibrium price as given despite the fact that he influences that price. An examination of information aggregation in a non-competitive rational expectations model using a Nash equilibrium in demand functions shows that the schizophrenia problem is avoided by having each trader take into account the effect his demand has on the equilibrium price. Given a distribution of private information across traders, prices reveal less information than in the competition equilibrium, and prices no longer become fully informative in the limit as noise trading vanishes or as traders become risk neutral. With small traders, the model may become one of monopolistic competition, not perfect competition. In contrast to the competitive model, a reasonable model of endogenous acquisition of costly private information is obtained, even when traders are risk-neutral.
Factors affecting the ultrastructural pattern of anterograde labeling in axon terminals with HRP

Abstract Comparisons of anterograde labeling of axon terminals originating from short and long projection neurons were made in the hypoglossal nucleus. Injections of dilute and concentrated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ-agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) were made via a glass micropipette into the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis (RPc = short projection neurons) and the Spinal V trigeminal complex (Sp. V=long projection neurons). Axon terminals in the hypoglossal nucleus, a common projection site of the two efferent systems, were evaluated ultrastructurally using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the chromogen for the cobalt-glucose oxidase (CO-GOD) method of HRP labeling. Labeled axon terminals from these two sources demonstrated different distribution patterns of the reaction product. For the short pathway, high concentrations of the tracers resulted in diffuse, agranular labeling in the majority of axon terminals. Dilute concentrations of the tracers were associated with membrane-bound, granular type of labeling. All anterograde labeling of terminals of long projection neurons (Sp. V) was membrane-bound and granular irrespective of the tracer concentration. The length of the pathway and the concentration of the enzyme tracers are factors that affect the pattern of anterograde label in axon terminals of hypoglossal afferents.
Immunological evidence that insulin activates protein kinase C in BC3H-1 myocytes

Effects of insulin on immunoreactive protein kinase C were examined in BC3H-1 myocytes. Insulin provoked rapid dose-dependent decreases in cytosolic enzyme, and transient increases and subsequent decreases in membrane-associated enzyme. Phorbol esters provoked similar changes. Our findings suggest that insulin provokes the translocative activation of protein kinase C.
Darwin's finches: analysis of beak morphological changes during evolution.

INTRODUCTIONFinchesoftheGalapagosIslandswerefirstdescribedbyCharlesDarwinduringhisvoyageontheHMSBeaglein1835.Sincethen,throughthesubsequentworkofmanybiologists,Darwin’sfincheshavebecomeaclassictextbookexampleofmanyimportantprocessesinevolution.Today,thisgroupofbirdscontinuestobeasignificantsourceofinformationonsuchprocessesasspeciation,nicheparti-tioning,morphologicaladaptation,andspeciesecology.Theapproximately14speciesofDarwin’sfinchesarecloselyrelatedtooneanotheranddisplayaremarkabledegreeofdiversityinbillshapesandsizesthatareadaptedfordifferentfoodsources(e.g.,seeds,insects,andevenyoungleavesorbloodfromseabirds)inanotherwisescarceenvironment.Forexample,thedeepandwidebillsoftheGroundFinches,oneofthesubgroupsofDarwin’sfinches,areusedtofeedonseeds,whereastheCactusFinchesusetheirelongatedandnarrowbillstoprobecactusfruitandflowers.Thesediffer-encesinbillshapesarenotduetotheirdifferentialusageorotherexternalfactors;rather,thediffer-ences are genetically and developmentally regulated and can be observed and studied duringembryogenesis.Therefore,Darwin’sfinchesarebecomingaveryusefulnon-modelanimalandaviansysteminwhichtoinvestigatethemolecularbasisofmorphologicalchangesduringevolution.BACKGROUNDINFORMATIONDarwin’sfinches(alsoknownastheGalapagosFinches)areagroupof14(13-15accordingtoseveraldifferent phylogenies) closely related species of passerine birds (Passeriformes). Most of Darwin’sfinchesinhabittheGalapagosIslands,althoughonespeciesisfoundonCocosIsland(GrantandGrant2008).Thisgroupincludesthefollowinggenera:
Direct sensitive quantitative LC/MS analysis of C-peptide from human urine by two dimensional reverse phase/reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography

We describe for the first time the direct quantitative analysis of human C-peptide from urine by isotope dilution assay. Implementation of 2-D reverse phase-reverse phase chromatography (2-D RP-RP) with SIM detection resulted in high assay sensitivity (LOQ = 5 pg on column), accuracy, and method ruggedness. Our experiments demonstrate the strong resolving capability of our proposed 2-D RP-RP platform which significantly reduces strong matrix effects and their resulting quantitation error over a wide range of urine concentrations. In contrast, single column methods (both SIM and multiple reaction monitoring) were found acceptable only for strongly diluted urine samples.
EMG-activated feedback alarms for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism: Current status and future directions

This article reviews published research on the use of EMG-activated feedback paradigms to modify nocturnal bruxism. The first three sections review naturalistic trials, laboratory studies, and comparisons of feedback paradigms with alternative treatment/management approaches. The fourth section overviews several sources of theoretical guidance for further research and delineates some substantive directions. The final section identifies major scientific shortcomings that are common in the literature and offers some correctives. The empirical reviews suggest that nocturnal bruxing feedback is beneficial and competitive with other approaches, particularly when the feedback serves to occasion behaviors that require wakefulness. The theoretical overview points to classical learning theories, biofeedback theories, and theories concerning the etiology of bruxism as guideposts for continued research. The methodological narrative calls for adequately detailed scientific reporting, for increased operational commonality across experiments, and for innovative integrations of actuarial and intrasubject research designs.
Unipotent elements, tilting modules, and saturation

The results in this paper were motivated by work of Serre [19] where semisimplicity results for representations of arbitrary groups in positive characteristic were established. A key ingredient in the arguments was the notion of saturation where one embeds a unipotent element of prime order of a simple algebraic group in a 1-dimensional unipotent subgroup. One of our goals here is to show that saturation can be achieved rather generally and to establish a uniqueness result for the resulting unipotent subgroups. As a by product we show for a simple algebraic group in good characteristic a unipotent element of prime order is contained in a particularly nice subgroup of type A1 and that the Lie algebra of the ambient algebraic group usually affords a tilting module for this subgroup. The tilting decompositions are applied to show that the centralizers of the unipotent element, a corresponding 1-dimensional unipotent group, and its Lie algebra all coincide and are closely related to the centralizer of the A1 subgroup. We also establish a convenient factorization of the centralizer of the unipotent element. Results for finite groups of Lie type are also obtained.
Global Dramas in the Midwest Metropolis: Representations, Dilemmas, and Decisions about Violence among Bosnian Refugees in Chicago

This article examines American popular media forms and discussions among three generations of Bosnian refugee-immigrants to the United States (2003–2008) and finds that public presentations conflated Bosnian experiences of civil and domestic conflict. This conflation was made possible in part through a lens refracted by Orientalist and balkanist frames and acted as a powerful filter mediating immigrants' awareness of their statuses in the United States. Women acknowledged gendered family violence as a problem, but they sourced these conflicts to institutions of war and the challenges of local labor markets, rather than rely on culturalist explanations. By focusing on the overlap and disconnect among American public spheres and immigrant private spheres, I demonstrate the need for immigrant studies that attend to the circulation of global representations and to the localized ways in which such frameworks inform migration experiences.
ANNEALING BEHAVIOR OF TIN IMPLANTED SILICA

Abstract Tin ions were implanted into silica substrates at 275 keV. The samples were annealed at 300–1000°C. The as-implanted and annealed samples were studied by the infrared specular reflectance technique. Kramers–Kronig transformation (KKT) was carried out on the reflectance spectra to obtain n, k, transverse optical (TO), and longitudinal optical (LO) spectra. Based on these spectra, we can understand the effects of ion implantation and annealing on the Si–O–Si bond angle, Si–O–Si bond breaking, and density change of implanted silica.
Nucleolar morphology and cell proliferation kinetics of thymic lymphocytes

Abstract Proliferation kinetics of cells of the lymphocytic series were studied in mouse thymuses using 3H-methyl-thymidine (3H-TdR) as a tracer of DNA synthesis and employing autoradiographic technique. Cells were allocated arbitrarily to several compartments according to their degree of maturity and nucleolar morphology. Serial sampling after continuous 3H-TdR injection showed that thymic cells of the lymphocytic series constitute a small highly proliferating pool that feeds into a large nonproliferating pool. Lymphoblasts with dense and trabeculate nucleoli and prolymphocytes with trabeculate nucleoli represent multiplicative compartments and belong to the proliferating pool. A fraction of multiplicative precursors enters a ‘dormant’ state and these immature lymphocytes are morphologically characterized by ring-shaped nucleoli. Multiplicative compartments and non-dividing compartments of immature lymphocytes differ significantly in labeling indices, kinetics of labeling in serial samples and in other kinetic parameters, namely in the efflux from the unlabeled pool, labeling increment and efflux from the labeled pool. Serially connected compartments of lymphoblasts with dense and trabeculate nucleoli, prolymphocytes with trabeculate nucleoli and mature lymphocytes, represent the main stream of cell differentiation and maturation. At least a portion of mature lymphocytes proceeds during maturation from the compartment of cells with trabeculate nucleoli to the compartment of cells with ring-shaped nucleoli. The presence of proliferating and ‘dormant’ precursors suggests that lymphopoiesis in thymuses may correspond to the advantaged logarithmic system of multiplication.
The Interplay of Family System and Business System in Family Farms During Economic Recession

The pursuit of family goals in intergenerational transfer may have increased the vulnerability of family farms to economic recession in the mid 1980s.
Computer-Assisted Instruction in Aids Infection Control for Physicians

A program to provide health care workers instruction in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection control was developed to run on IBM microcomputers. This program can be used by individuals with no computer experience. It was assessed by medical resident physicians who were randomized into a control and an experimental group. A 48‐item true‐false test on AIDS knowledge was administered to both groups. The experimental group completed a questionnaire on their views of CAI. The mean knowledge score for the control group (n = 33) was 35.9 (SD = 3.9), whereas the mean knowledge score for the experimental group (n = 24) was 42.4 (SD = 4.6), a statistically significant difference (p < .001). Questionnaire responses indicated that the physicians viewed the computer program as easy to use and as an effective educational tool that they would recommend to colleagues. Most preferred CAI to printed presentation of the material. The results of this study suggest that CAI may be a useful instructional method ...
A nonlinear observer for estimating parameters in dynamic systems

A new algorithm for estimating constant parameters in a dynamic system is presented. A generalization of a recently developed method for estimating the coefficient of friction in a dynamic system; the algorithm is a reduced-order observer having two nonlinear functions, one being the Jacobian of the other. If the dynamics of the system are affine in the parameters to be estimated, the error in estimation of these parameters satisfies a linear, time-varying homogeneous differential equation. By proper choice of the nonlinear function in the observer, it is possible to achieve asymptotic stability of the estimation error. Although the algorithm is derived on the assumption that the process state can be measured, it can be used to estimate the parameters concurrently with the state. Example applications, including one of adaptive control, are presented.
NetSim-Steer: A Runtime Steering Framework for Network Simulators

This paper presents NetSim-Steer, a runtime steering framework for network simulators. With this framework, users can specify execution constraints for the network protocols and network models. In addition to this, users can implement steering rules to be executed when a constraint is violated. These rules allow users to alter the parameters of the protocols/models during the simulation so that they stay within the boundaries of the constraints.
New varieties and combinations in lotus, baptisia, thermopsis and sophora (Leguminosae)

This report consists of nomenclatural alterations and additions incident to taxonomic studies on United States Leguminosae. There are four new varieties and twenty new combinations.
Technology and wages: Why firms invest and what happens

Abstract This article examines the relationship between technology investment by firms and its outcomes, evaluating broadband diffusion in incumbent local exchange carriers' networks and its impact on the average real wage levels in incumbent firms. The analysis is based on, first, the evaluation of first-order statistical causality between wages and broadband levels, and second, on treatments effects modeling which considers the broadband deployment decision to be endogenous to the firm. Broadband is a general purpose technology, enhancing the dynamic capabilities of firms, and its diffusion is expected to positively impact average wages. Conversely, non-adopters, or those firms adopting lesser quantities of broadband, will find their average wages are being compressed. This technology wages impact is examined for United States telecommunications local exchange carriers. Using the extent of fiber adoption within firms as a measure of broadband deployment, broadband diffusion between the firms over time is found to have positively and significantly increased wage levels of firms in the sector. As broadband diffusion increases among the firms, the impact of such technology diffusion on impacting performance in the sector can be profound.
Simulation of PVT Experiments

An interactive program (PVTLAB) was written to simulate PVT experiments with a microcomputer. The simulator is a real-time representation of an actual PVT laboratory. Operations typically performed in the laboratory may also be performed with the simulator. The Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) is used to calculate phase behavior, and the results of the calculations are displayed in color on the microcomputer monitor. The monitor graphically represents the condition of all the physical components of the PVT laboratory, including pressures, fluid levels in vessels, and the status of valves and pumps. A printed record of every action taken during a run is kept if desired. A simulated experimental error results in an appropriate termination of the run. Program structure and operation are described, and examples of simulated PVT experiments are given.
Force Calculations for DNA-PAMAM Dendrimer Interactions from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are known to bind and condense plasmid DNA (1,2,3). However, the nature of the interaction between dendrimers and DNA and the mechanism of compaction is not fully understood. Potentials of mean force and forces of interaction were calculated from all-atom umbrella sampling simulations of amine-terminated G3 dendrimers and a 24bp strand of double-stranded DNA. Our simulations show that dendrimers and DNA interact with each other over large distances. Simulations also reveal that even low-generation dendrimers can induce significant bending in DNA and that the dendrimer also deforms considerably upon interaction with the DNA. We compare forces calculated from these simulations with optical tweezer experiments on DNA condensation by dendrimers (3) and propose an explanation for the compaction of DNA by dendrimers observed at forces over 60pN.1. A.U. Bielinska, J.F. Kukowska-Latallo, J.R. Baker, Gene Structure and Expression, 1353, 180 (1997).2. W. Chen, N.J. Turro, D.A. Tomalia, Langmuir, 16, 15 (2000).3. F. Ritort, S. Mihardja. S.B. Smith, C. Bustamante, Phys. Rev. Letters, 96, 118301 (2006).
Relationship between Soil Test Phosphorus and Phosphorus in Runoff

Phosphorus loss in runoff from agricultural fields has been identified as an important contributor to eutrophication. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between phosphorus (P) in runoff from a benchmark soil (Cecil sandy loam; fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) and Mehlich III-, deionized water-, and Fe 2 O 3 -extractable soil P, and degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS). Additionally, the value of including other soil properties in P loss prediction equations was evaluated. Simulated rainfall was applied (75 mm h -1 ) to 54 1-m 2 plots installed on six fields with different soil test phosphorus (STP) levels. Runoff was collected in its entirety for 30 min and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP). Soil samples were collected from 0- to 2-, 0- to 5-, and 0- to 10-cm depths. The strongest correlation for total P and DRP occurred with DPS (r 2 = 0.72). Normalizing DRP by runoff depth resulted in improved correlation with deionized water-extractable P for the 0- to 10-cm sampling depth (r 2 = 0.81). The STP levels were not different among sampling depths and analysis of the regression equations revealed that soil sampling depth had no effect on the relationship between STP and P in runoff. For all forms of P in runoff and STP measures, the relationship between STP and runoff P was much stronger when the data were split into groups based on the ratio of oxalate-extractable Fe to Al. For all forms of P in runoff and all STP methods, R 2 increased with the inclusion of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe in the regression equation. The results of this study indicate that inclusion of site-specific information about soil Al and Fe content can improve the relationship between STP and runoff P.
Owners versus Bubu Gujin: Land Rights and Getting the Language Right in Guugu Yimithirr Country

Recent Queensland Aboriginal land rights legislation and court decisions have produced a series of land claims since 1992. Many claims involve speakers of Guugu Yimithirr (GY), residents of Hopevale Aboriginal Community who are descended both from local Aborigines and from others. Much of the support for claims of "traditional" ownership flows from putative owners' knowledge of GY speech practices. Yet legal constructions of such practices accord with invented, rather than historical, "traditions." Heretofore, strictly local matters of appropriate GY talk and complex patterns of multilingualism and linguistic affiliation have been refashioned, recast, and exported into wider arenas as part of the process of legitimizing land claims. In that process, language and land—far from offering community—are among the ingredients of division and conflict.
Library and University Press Integration: A New Vision for University Publishing

ABSTRACT American university presses are struggling to maintain their core mission to publish scholarly monographs. Several presses have closed and almost all are struggling. Presses have tried various editorial tactics and new publishing strategies to keep afloat, but the larger economic situation has continued to erode their ability to succeed. In the face of what appears to be insurmountable impediments, some university presses have turned to university libraries as natural partners in the enterprise of distributing scholarship and research. Though these two entities have differing business models, partnerships have much to offer each, and integrating the press into the library organization and aligning its business plan with the library's plan offer a viable solution to the crisis of contemporary university publishing. Library/press integrations have the potential to be extraordinarily significant in the future development of publishing in this area. This article first reviews the history of universit...
A graphical model representation of the track-oriented multiple hypothesis tracker

The track-oriented multiple hypothesis tracker is currently the preferred method for tracking multiple targets in clutter with medium to high computational resources. This method maintains a structured representation of the track posterior distribution, which it repeatedly extends and optimizes over. This representation of the posterior admits probabilistic inference tasks beyond MAP estimation that have yet to be explored. To this end we formulate the posterior as a graphical model and show that belief propagation can be used to approximate the track marginals. These approximate marginals enable an online parameter estimation scheme that improves tracker performance in the presence of parameter misspecification.
Systems design for an advanced short take‐off vertical landing combat aircraft ‐ Part 3

Reports on the MSc group design project of students at the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield University. Details the design of the aircraft systems and their reliability and maintainability.
Morphological changes induced by picolinic acid in cultured mammalian cells.

Abstract The morphological changes induced by picolinic acid treatment in cultured normal rat kidney (NRK) and BALB/3T3 cells, and SV40-transformed NRK and BALB/3T3 cells were accompanied by altered distribution of cytoskeletal elements. These changes were prevented by the divalent cation ionophore A-23187. Untreated transformed cells were predominately round or fusiform in shape while untreated normal cells were predominately flat; both normal and transformed cells contained relatively few microfilaments and microtubules. Culturing these cells in medium containing 3 m M picolinic acid induced microfilaments and microtubules to accumulate in bundles at the cell periphery. In transformed cells the agent also induced the formation of long narrow cytoplasmic processes which showed parallel arrays of microfilaments near the cortex and microtubules near the center. These changes were apparent within 8 to 12 hr and acquired maximal expression by 24 to 36 hr. Picolinic acid also enhanced the formation of substrate adhesion plaques and intercellular adherens junctions in transformed cells. In SV40-transformed cells but not in normal cells mitochondria showed characteristic toxic alterations. Most of the mitochondria were electron dense and elongated or showed enlargement, swelling or vacuolated areas after 48 hr of treatment. The mitochondrial changes clearly reflected a selective toxicity induced by picolinic acid in SV40-transformed cells. These results suggest that picolinic acid specifically interferes with systems that are important in the determination of cell shape and neutralizes some of the effects of transformation.
Binding energies of water to doubly hydrated cationized glutamine and structural analogues in the gas phase.

The modes of metal-ion and water binding in doubly hydrated complexes of lithiated and sodiated glutamine (Gln) are probed using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation experiments and density functional theory calculations. Threshold dissociation energies, E0, for loss of a water molecule from these complexes are obtained from master-equation modeling of these data. The values of E0 are 36 ± 1 and 38 ± 2 kJ/mol for the lithiated and sodiated glutamine complexes, respectively, and are consistent with calculated water binding energies for the nonzwitterionic form of these complexes. Calculated water binding energies for the zwitterionic forms of these complexes are significantly higher. In contrast, calculations indicate that the zwitterionic form of Gln in these complexes is more stable than the nonzwitterionic form by 8 and 15 kJ/mol when lithiated and sodiated, respectively. Doubly hydrated lithiated and sodiated complexes of asparagine methyl ester (AsnOMe), asparagine ethyl ester (AsnOEt), and gluta...
Party cohesion in presidential races: Applying social network theory to the preprimary multiple donor networks of 2004 and 2008

Scholars have long been examining the presidential nomination process in the United States. In addition to studies considering the selection mechanism itself, there has been a movement towards analysing the contest even before voting begins. Campaign finance allows for a reliable and valid means to examine the year prior to the nomination with data that are not just vast in quantity but also consistent across time. Donors who gave to multiple campaigns represent a particularly important subset of elite participants in elections whose behaviour shed light on phenomena of parties functioning as a network. We find only rare instances of multiple donors giving across party and that Democratic contributors function as a far more cohesive unit. Also, without any supervising entity, the candidate that amasses the most shared donors goes on to win the nomination in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections.
Spatial variations in U.S. unemployment

Interstate unemployment rate differentials are large, tend to persist, and have not converged in recent times. The interstate differential in the natural rate of unemployment seems partially explained by several factors related to labor costs, including wage rates and such institutional factors as unionization, welfare, and probably tax policy. Differential welfare incidence may explain the black-white unemployment differential. Variations in intertemporal fluctuations in unemployment across states seem related to institutionalized wage rigidity caused by such factors as unions and welfare. For still unexplained reasons, unemployment tends to be higher in the West, deep South, and the industrial Midwest.
RAFIV: A Method for Cognitive Usability Analysis:

RAFIV is a cognitive usability method that is based on the label-following heuristic found in the exploratory learning literature. This paper describes the empirical evidence and theoretical founda...
Sampling of Chemical Constituents in Electrically Active Convective Systems: Results and Cautions

On flights of a P3-B turboprop and a WB-57F jet aircraft within thunderstorm systems, short term spikes (1–2 sec or less in duration) in NO and O3 were recorded and are attributed to hot or cold discharges occurring on the aircraft fuselage or air sampling inlets. One such spike of only ∼300 msec duration reached 325 ppbv of NO on the flight of the jet aircraft while at 13.8 km altitude. In a lightning flash to the P3-B aircraft, production of NO (expected) and NO2 (unexpected) were directly observed. The NO production was ∼ 1.7 x 1022 molecules/m of flash length. In the P3-B flight at 5.5 km altitude and over a distance of ∼ 275 km within a highly electrically active thunderstorm complex in the equatorial central Pacific Ocean, there was no evidence of production of O3 or CO by lightning flashes or by any type of hot or cold discharge involved in the development of free-air lightning flashes.
What Might Bernard Lonergan Say to Bruce Morrill

In his analysis of Monika Hellwig’s and John Paul II’s thought on penance, Bruce Morrill identifies a breakdown of shared meaning in the church. This response introduces Bernard Lonergan into the conversation. If Morrill has identified a collapse of consensus around sacramental reconciliation, Lonergan’s theological anthropology, especially regarding questions related to conversion and authenticity, may provide resources for a renewed ecclesial practice grounded in a restored common meaning.
Removal of DNA contaminants from therapeutic protein preparations

Mammalian cell culture-derived biotechnical products for therapeutic use have risks associated with cell substrate DNA. Regulatory authorities in the USA and Europe have set stringent limits for this contaminant, requiring orders of magnitude reduction from fermenter harvests to purified products. This paper addresses the relevant unit processes (e.g., cell separation, affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography) utilized for purification of mammalian cell culture-derived products as they pertain to removal of DNA contaminants.
First Year Medical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Interest in Geriatric Medicine

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an extracurricular geriatric program on medical students' knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the elderly and their interest in studying geriatric medicine. The participants were first-year medical students (n = 137) who joined the Senior Teacher Education Partnership (STEP) program that partnered medical students with community-dwelling elders. Although results show that the STEP program had minimal effect in changing first-year medical students' knowledge of the aged and aging, it did promote a more positive view of the elderly as being functionally independent and socially active. Statistical analyses also revealed that prior interest and participation in the STEP program are significant indicators of students' interest in pursuing geriatric medicine after completing their first year of medical school.
Distribution and Origin of Pennsylvanian Carbonate Mounds, Paradox Basin: ABSTRACT

Shelf carbonate mounds of Desmoinesian (Pennsylvanian) age were developed in cyclic repetition along the southwestern flank of the Paradox basin. Optimum carbonate deposition occurred in an elongate northwest-southeast belt, approximately 50 miles wide and over 100 miles long, which contains about 35 Pennsylvanian oil and gas fields. Porosity occurs in three types of carbonate reservoirs: algal plate mounds, foraminiferal mounds or bioherms, and "leached oolite" banks. Most of the production is from limestone, but dolomite also is important as a reservoir rock. Stratigraphic-facies mapping of the mound-bearing strata can be done on the basis of basin-wide, black, sapropelic shale marker beds, in conjunction with lithologic-petrographic analysis of rock types and associated faunal content. Shelf carbonate rocks occur in each main cycle of the Paradox Formation, grading basinward into evaporite and shoreward into sandy limestone and terrigenous clastic rocks. The origin, distribution, and cyclic repetition of the carbonate-mound belts are thought to be related to periodic eustatic changes in sea-level associated with late Paleozoic glacial cycles of the Southern Hemisphere. The mounds probably developed along shallow-water mud banks or platforms which built basinward during the early clastic phase of each cycle. Completeness and duration of a cycle were major factors in determining the size attained by the mound complex. End_of_Article - Last_Page 631------------
The hermetic Hamlet

The Jewish Alchemists: A History and Source Book. By Raphael Patai. Prince-ton University Press: 1994. Pp. 617. $35, £29.95.
A direct method for solving crack growth problems—I

Abstract Based on the boundary element equation approach for crack opening displacements, an equation of the perturbation type is derived giving an explicit relation between the crack front variation and the resulting variation in the stress intensity factor. By using this equation, the crack front advance can be predicted at each step of crack growth while ensuring that the fracture criterion is satisfied for the new crack geometry. As an example, the problem of the growth under a Dugdaletype model for cracks of elliptical and circular shapes with uniform and linear variation of tensile loads is solved and the numerical results are discussed.
Temperature dependence of TRAPATT oscillators

The effect of wide temperature variations on TRAPATT oscillator parameters is described. The results show that operation over the range from 100°K to 500°K is possible without retuning the oscillator.
Parallel implementation of an adaptive split-and-merge method for medical image segmentation

We have developed an adaptive split-and-merge method for a medical image segmentation algorithm and investigated its parallel implementation. The key process of the segmentation method, i.e., the test of region homogeneity, is carried out by means of a localized feature analysis technique and statistical tests. The feature analysis technique combines a co- occurrence matrix and the histogram of its near-diagonal elements for calculating the threshold values of the average standard deviation, gray-level contrast, and likelihood ratio. We then use these values as constraints in the statistical hypothesis tests to determine whether two regions should be split or merged in the final region formation. The strength of the proposed method is that all the required parameters in the algorithm are computed automatically and depend only on the context of the image under analysis. The calculation of the feature measurements in this algorithm is window-based; the value computed for each pixel is a function of its neighboring pixels, the computation time is enormous and is inherently suitable for parallel implementation. We have incorporated the proposed algorithm by using an AT&T Pixel Machine. The parallelization can be done by division of image into 8 X 8 blocks of equal size and some boundary pixels that overlap with four neighboring pixel nodes. The preliminary result shows that the saving in computation time with this parallelized implementation is significant.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Temperature-induced formation of a non-native intermediate state of the all beta-sheet protein CD2.

Domain 1 of the cell adhesion protein CD2 (CD2-1) has an all β-structure typical of proteins belonging to the immunoglobin superfamily. It has a remarkable, ability to fold as a native monomer or a metastable intertwined dimer. To understand the origin of structural rearrangements of CD2-1, we have studied equilibrium unfolding of the protein using various biophysical spectroscopic techniques. At temperatures above approx 68°C, a partially folded state of CD2-1 (H state) with a distinct secondary structure, involving largely exposed aromatic and hydrophobic residues and a substantially perturbed tertiary structure, is observed. In contrast, an unfolded state (D state) of CD2-1 with random-coil-like secondary and tertiary structures is observed in 6 M GuHCl. This partially folded high-temperature state has increased negative molar ellipticity at 222 nm in far-ultraviolet CD spectra, implying formation of a non-native helical conformation. The existence of this non-native high-temperature intermediate is consistent with relatively high intrinsic helical propensities in the primary sequence of CD2-1. This conformation flexibility may be important in the observed domain swapping of CD2-1.
The oxidation of uranium(IV) by N-phenylbenzohydroxamic acid and the structure of the reaction product: Chlorodioxo-N-phenylbenzohydroxamato-bis(Tetrahydrofuran)uranium(VI)[1]

Abstract Uranium tetrachloride has been quantitatively oxidized via an oxygen transfer action with two equivalents of N-phenylbenzohydroxamic acid anion (PBHA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form benzanilide and UO 2 Cl(PBHA)(THF) 2 . The structure of the uranyl complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction data collected by counter methods. The linear uranyl ion has an average UO distance of 1.75(3) A, and is surrounded by a planar pentagonal array composed of two hydroxamate oxygen atoms, a chloride ion and two THF oxygens, such that the chloride ion is opposite the hydroxamate group. That the THF and phenyl rings are twisted from this equatorial plane limits the molecular geometry to that of the Cl point group. The UCl length is 2.68(1) A and the other UO bonds average 2.40 A. Refinement fitting 88 parameters tto 1248 reflections led to an R -factor of 6.9%. Unit cell dimensions in the space group C 2 are a = 28.45(4) A , b = 7.991(6) A , c = 10.535(7) A , β = 96.46(7)° and the calculated density is 1.85 g-cm −3 for Z = 4.
The pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer: lessons learned from studies of skin carcinogenesis

This study used the induction of squamous cell carcinomas on mouse skin as an experimental model to evaluate molecular and biochemical changes that contribute to the neoplastic phenotype. The study was facilitated by the development of keratinocyte cell culture assays that reproduce each stage of the carcinogenesis process, by discoveries of stage-specific genetic and epigenetic changes and by application of pharmacological and molecular tools that modify each step. An early event in the transformation of keratinocytes involves mutation and activation of the rasHa gene, producing a benign tumor. The phenotypic consequences of ras mutations are mediated by activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), upregulation of protein kinase C (PKC)α and AP-1 mediated transcriptional activity and inactivation of PKCδ through tyrosine phosphorylation. These changes in benign tumors are manifested by hyperproliferation (EGFR), aberrant expression of keratinocyte genes (PKCα and AP-1) and delayed terminal differentiation (PKCδ). Accumulated chromosomal abnormalities, multifocal phenotypic changes and alterations in gene expression are associated with premalignant progression. Upregulation of the fos gene and AP-1 transcriptional activity causes malignant conversion of benign keratinocytes. In the absence of c-fos, benign tumor cells fail to upregulate secreted angiogenic and proteolytic factors and this may prevent malignant conversion. These pathways provide targets for preventive strategies to interrupt the process of carcinogenesis prior to the evolution of the fully malignant tumor.
Permissive effect of testosterone on dietary adaptation of jejunal pyruvate kinase in hypogonadal males.

ABSTRACT Previous studies showed that the activities of certain jejunal glycolytic enzymes (pyruvate kinase (PK), fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (FIPA) and fructose diphosphate aldolase (FDPA)) were reduced in hypogonadal male adults. Adaptive changes in enzyme activities after dietary manipulation were less than in normal males. To learn whether this lack of adaptive changes was related to testosterone deficiency, we performed further studies in 5 hypogonadal males. Jejunal biopsies were performed serially during isocaloric synthetic diets, divided into 7-day treatment periods: carbohydrate (CHO)-free, glucose, fructose, CHO-free, CHO-free plus testosterone, glucose plus testosterone, and fructose plus testosterone. Samples of jejunal mucosa were assayed for glycolytic enzyme activities. The results show adaptive changes of all enzymes following dietary manipulation. A marked increase in dietary adaptation of PK occurred with administration of oral testosterone, 10 mg daily. The results show that oral tes...
Factors Affecting Depression Among People With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Structural Equation Model

Objective: To adapt and test P. M. Lewinsohn, H. M. Hoberman, L. Teri, and M. Hautzinger’s (1985) integrative model of depression for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Design: Structural equation modeling. Participants: Individuals with chronic pain (N 171), recruited from 6 outpatient rehabilitation facilities in Canada. Outcome Measures: Two measures of the latent variable, depression (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale), along with multiple measures of each of 5 latent predictors (pain, interferences, stress, coping, and social and family support) and 2 measured predictors (preinjury psychopathology and catastrophizing). Results: The normed fit index, comparative fit index, and parsimony ratio indicated an adequate fit for the model, suggesting that stress, perceived severity of pain, activity interferences, and catastrophizing contributed to increased depression (vulnerabilities), whereas pain coping skills and social and family support contributed to decreased depression (immunities). Conclusions: Empirical support was found for the proposed model of depression for people with chronic musculoskeletal pain, and the model appears to provide useful information for clinical rehabilitation interventions.
Reliability-based design under multiple loads☆

Abstract Design of buildings and structures against multiple time-varying loads has always been a challenge to engineers. At most loadings on structures are stochastic in nature, an overriding concern has been proper treatment of the uncertainty such that the structural performance will be satisfactory under the loadings during its lifetime. It requires a careful consideration of the difficult load combination problem and yet the design criteria have to be simple for implementation in codes and standards. This paper gives a brief review of the recent developments in load combination and development of design criteria based on reliability. Examples are given for design of buildings in areas with high seismicity and for development of design criteria for offshore platforms against winds, waves and currents.
Small craft identification discrimination criteria (N50 and V50) for visible and infrared sensors in maritime security

The new emphasis on Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection (AT/FP), for both shore and sea platform protection, has resulted in a need for infrared imager design and evaluation tools which demonstrate field performance against U.S. Navy AT/FP requirements. In the design of infrared imaging systems for target acquisition, a discrimination criterion is required for successful sensor realization. It characterizes the difficulty of the task being performed by the observer and varies for different target sets. This criterion is used in both assessment of existing infrared sensor and in the design of new conceptual sensors. In this experiment, we collected 12 small craft signatures (military and civilian) in the visible band during the day and the LWIR and MWIR spectra in both the day and the night environments. These signatures were processed to determine the targets' characteristic dimension and contrast. They were also processed to bandlimit the signature's spatial information content (simulating longer range) and a perception experiment was performed to determine the task difficulty (N 50 and V 50 ). The results are presented in this paper and can be used for Navy and Coast Guard imaging infrared sensor design and evaluation.
Soil Calcium Availability Limits Forest Songbird Productivity and Density

ABSTRACT. Forest soils in many areas of the world are becoming increasingly acidified, in part because of atmospheric deposition of strong acids produced by the burning of fossil fuels. Soil acidification and subsequent calcium depletion of forest soils in eastern North America have the potential to affect forest songbird populations negatively by reducing the availability of calcium-rich food items that are critical for reproduction. Nonetheless, little experimental evidence exists for the purported relationship between soil calcium and avian reproduction. Our objective was to use an experimental and observational study to determine how forest songbird-habitat quality is related to soil calcium availability. We experimentally elevated soil calcium using limestone sand and observed a 1.8-fold increase in Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) territory density, larger clutch sizes and more nests, but no effects on egg characteristics. The observational study of 14 forested sites in central Pennsylvania likewise s...
Advances in Ureteroscopy

Recent innovations in imaging equipment and novel instrumentation have helped ureteroscopy evolve from a diagnostic to a therapeutic tool. In this review, the authors highlight several of the most recent advances in ureteroscopy that have helped allow unprecedented access, visualization, and treatment of upper urinary tract pathologic conditions.
Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels

This study was designed as a replication and extension of the classic study of vowel acoustics by Peterson and Barney (PB) [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175–184 (1952)]. Recordings were made of 50 men, 50 women, and 50 children producing the vowels /i, i, eh, ae, hooked backward eh, inverted vee), a, open oh, u, u/ in h–V–d syllables. Formant contours for F1–F4 were measured from LPC spectra using a custom interactive editing tool. For comparison with the PB data, formant patterns were sampled at a time that was judged by visual inspection to be maximally steady. Preliminary analysis shows numerous differences between the present data and those of PB, both in terms of average formant frequencies for vowels, and the degree of overlap among adjacent vowels. As with the original study, listening tests showed that the signals were nearly always identified as the vowel intended by the talker.