cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching the patient impatience: art, ageing, and the medical consumer

Recently, a colleague and I, both members of the Engl ish depar tment at the Univers i ty of Iowa, agreed to visit one another ' s classes. He was teaching 18th-century li terature; I was teaching a course called " C h a n g i n g Concep ts of W o m e n " , which I had subtit led " T h e Art of Aging". I was del ighted to hear the lively exchange of ideas in his class about the novel Pamela3 H e was startled to encounter in mine a panel of five toughm i n d e d young w o m e n with wel l researched opinions who were lecturing about the menopause. In this essay, I argue that people like me and my students, who are outside the communi ty of professional heal th care, need to educate ourselves about medical culture in general and, in particular, about the impact of medica l culture on our percept ions of ageing. At the same t ime, I hope to convince readers of The Lancet that heal th-care providers need to consider the influence of representat ions of ageing in the world outside the hospital on the feelings, at t i tudes, and assumptions they bring to their work if they are to provide the best care to older patients. T h e context for the panel on the menopause was Fanny Fiagg's popular southern novel, later m a d e into a film, Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Card (figure).~ In the novel, a mutual ly sustaining relat ionship develops be tween the middle-aged, per imenopausa l Edi th Couch and the elderly widow " N i n n y " Threadgoode . When Edi th dolefully encapsulates her sense of age and angst, crying "Oh , Mrs. Th readgoode , I ' m too young to be old and too old to be young. I just don ' t fit anywhere" , N inny pragmatical ly replies, "Tha t ' s just silly talk, honey . . . . You ' re just going through a bad case of menopause , that 's all that ' s the mat te r with you. W h a t you need is to take your ho rmones and to get out every day and walk in the fresh air and walk yourself right through it . . . . And in the meant ime , you get yourself some Stresstabs N u m b e r T e n ! " (ref 2, pp 67, 69). T h e remainder of the novel details Edi th and Ninny ' s poignantly humorous negot iat ions with t ime, their bodies, and the at t i tudes towards ageing that each faces in what Kath leen Woodward calls the mirrors of old age: one 's own body, family, friends, nurs ing staff, doctors, impat ien t children, condescending adolescents, and popular culture. Drawing upon the psychoanalytical theories of Jacques Lacan, W o o d w a r d offers a powerful analysis of the reasons why those who long to remain young avoid the faces, bodies, and concerns of the old: "Given the western obsession with the body of youth, we can understand the 'horror' of the mirror image of the 'decrepit' body as having been produced as the inverse of the pleasures of the mirror image of the body of Narcissus. In part this may help explain the psychological phenomenon that as we age, we increasingly separate what we take to be our real selves from our bodies. We say that our real selves--that is, our youthful selves are hidden inside our bodies. Our bodies are old, we are not.'3
Preimplantation Exposure of Mouse Embryos to Palmitic Acid Results in Fetal Growth Restriction Followed by Catch-Up Growth in the Offspring

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are energy substrates for many cell types, but in excess, some FFAs can accumulate in nonadipose cells, inducing apoptosis. Also known as lipotoxicity, this phenomenon may play a role in the development of obesity-related disease. Obesity is common among reproductive age women and is associated with adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes; however, little is known about the effects of excess FFAs on embryos and subsequent fetal development. To address this knowledge gap, murine blastocysts were cultured in excess palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant saturated FFA in human serum, and ovarian follicular fluid. Targets susceptible to aberrations in maternal physiology, including embryonic IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) expression, glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT2) activity, and nuclei count, were measured. PA-exposed blastocysts demonstrated altered IGF1R expression, increased GPT2 activity, and decreased nuclei count. Trophoblast stem cells derived from preimplantation embryos were also cultured in PA. Cells exposed to increasing doses of PA demonstrated increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. To demonstrate long-term effects of brief PA exposure, blastocysts cultured for 30 h in PA were transferred into foster mice, and pregnancies followed through Embryonic Day (ED)14.5 or delivery. Fetuses resulting from PA-exposed blastocysts were smaller than controls at ED14.5. Delivered pups were also smaller but demonstrated catch-up growth and ultimately surpassed control pups in weight. Altogether, our data suggest brief PA exposure results in altered embryonic metabolism and growth, with lasting adverse effects on offspring, providing further insight into the pathophysiology of maternal obesity.
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum’, a phytoplasma associated with a potato purple top wilt disease complex

Potato purple top wilt (PPT) is a devastating disease that occurs in various regions of North America and Mexico. At least three distinct phytoplasma strains belonging to three different phytoplasma groups (16SrI, 16SrII and 16SrVI) have been associated with this disease. A new disease with symptoms similar to PPT was recently observed in Texas and Nebraska, USA. Two distinct phytoplasma strain clusters were identified. One belongs to the 16SrI phytoplasma group, subgroup A, and the other is a novel phytoplasma that is most closely related to, and shares 96.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with, a member of group 16SrXII. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of the novel PPT-associated phytoplasma strains, previously described ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ organisms and other distinct unnamed phytoplasmas indicated that the novel phytoplasma, termed American potato purple top wilt (APPTW) phytoplasma, represents a distinct lineage and shares a common ancestor with stolbur phytoplasma, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum’, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fragariae’, bindweed yellows phytoplasma (IBS), ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma caricae’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma graminis’. On the basis of unique 16S rRNA gene sequences and biological properties, it is proposed that the APPTW phytoplasma represents ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum’, with APPTW12-NE as the reference strain.
Children and megadisasters: lessons learned in the new millennium

Many specific lessons were learned from recent megadisasters in the United States at the expense of children who suffered from a government and a citizenry that was desperately unprepared to respond to and recover from the disaster's short- and long-term effects. During the 9/11 attacks, the nation learned a new sense of vulnerability as the specter of terrorism was delivered repeatedly to our collective consciousness. As this article has emphasized, children experienced significant and widespread psychological effects from this event, and many did not receive adequate treatment. Hurricane Katrina exploited the weaknesses of an already strained child mental health system and vividly demonstrated the liability of poor preparedness and inadequate communication by both families and governments. The impact of Katrina continues to affect many thousands of children over a year later, as the systems that were intended to care for them have largely moved on. Indeed, there was no mention of Hurricane Katrina, the Gulf Coast, or the storm's survivors in the 2007 State of the Union address by the President. After 9/11 and the unprecedented federal spending that occurred to increase our nation's readiness, it is discouraging that the response to Hurricane Katrina fell so short of what had the potential to be the greatest disaster response and recovery story in the history of our nation. It is unlikely that further uncontained expenditures will solve the problems that were exposed in the Gulf Coast. There is not a solution that money can buy. One need only look a few hundred miles south to the Cuban disaster response system to appreciate where some of our shortfalls lie. Cuba has succeeded where the United States has not in part because its citizens are participants in their own preparedness. They engage their children and their families in preparedness planning and they rely upon other members of their community to strengthen their ability to survive as individuals. The American mentality of "dial 911 in an emergency and wait for help" works only as long as there are enough resources to match the need. In a disaster, this approach has proven to be inadequate over and over again. In America, we are well positioned to be leaders in responding to the needs of children affected by disaster. The resources of our government and the resourcefulness of our people should offer much promise for the future. By analyzing our past shortfalls and taking practical steps to mitigate the existing barriers to preparedness, our children, we hope, will fare much better the next time a megadisaster strikes. Box 7 includes suggestions for national priorities for child disaster care.
A theory of attributed equivalence in databases with application to schema integration

The authors present a common foundation for integrating pairs of entity sets, pairs of relationship sets, and an entity set with a relationship set. This common foundation is based on the basic principle of integrating attributes. Any pair of objects whose identifying attributes can be integrated can themselves be integrated. Several definitions of attribute equivalence are presented. These definitions can be used to specify the exact nature of the relationship between a pair of attributes. Based on these definitions, several strategies for attribute integration are presented and evaluated. >
Psychology Seminar: Careers and Graduate Study in Psychology

This article describes a course for junior and senior psychology majors, informing them about career options and graduate school opportunities in psychology. We also discuss details about course planning and organization. Survey results indicate that students experienced substantial changes in the degree they planned to pursue and in their financial planning for graduate school.
Feeding selection of heterotrophic marine nanoflagellates based on the surface hydrophobicity of their picoplankton prey

Theory suggests that variation in the attractive solvation force associated with cell-surface hydrophobicity can significantly affect contact rates among small cells in aqueous environments and consequently may influence rates and selective impacts of marine nanoflagellate grazers feeding on picoplankton assemblages. To investigate this hypothesis, we assayed the natural range in hydrophobic characteristics of subtropical picoplankton from the oligotrophic subtropical Pacific (Station Aloha, 228459N, 1588W) and mesotrophic Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) in conjunction with analytical flow cytometry. Variability in a relative index of cell-surface hydrophobicity (HIC index) for heterotrophic bacteria, Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, exhibited some consistent spatial patterns. The HIC index for Prochlorococcus at Station Aloha varied about threefold, being consistently more hydrophobic in the upper 80 m of the water column and dropping abruptly below this depth. Heterotrophic bacteria were more hydrophobic near the surface and decreased slightly, but steadily, with increasing depth. The hydrophobicity of heterotrophic bacteria steadily increased along a Kaneohe Bay transect extending from oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions. In experiments involving nanoflagellates grazing on laboratory cultures of Prochlorococcus, cell cultures exhibiting the highest HIC indices were grazed upon at the highest rates. An additional experiment involving mixtures of Prochlorococcus cells exhibiting high and low hydrophobicities showed that the average hydrophobicity of the uningested prey mixture was driven progressively toward lower hydrophobicity as the more hydrophobic cells were selectively removed through time. If these laboratory grazing results hold in nature, the rate at which picoplankton cells are cleared from suspension by nanoflagellates could vary by as much as twofold due solely to natural variation in cell surface hydrophobicity.
Extended survival and re-hospitalisation among paediatric patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary cardiac dysfunction.

Background Although survival to hospital discharge among children requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for medical and surgical cardio-circulatory failure has been reported in international registries, extended survival and re-hospitalisation rates have not been well described in the literature. Material and methods This is a single-institution, retrospective review of all paediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary cardiac dysfunction over a 5-year period. Results A total of 74 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation runs in 68 patients were identified, with a median follow-up of 5.4 years from hospital discharge. Overall, 66% of patients were decannulated alive and 25 patients (37%) survived to discharge. There were three late deaths at 5 months, 20 months, and 6.8 years from discharge. Of the hospital survivors, 88% required re-hospitalisation, with 63% of re-admissions for cardiac indications. The median number of hospitalisations per patient per year was 0.62, with the first re-admission occurring at a mean time of 9 months after discharge from the index hospitalisation. In all, 38% of patients required further cardiac surgery. Conclusions Extended survival rates for paediatric hospital survivors of cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for medical and post-surgical indications are encouraging. However, re-hospitalisation within the first year following hospital discharge is common, and many patients require further cardiac surgery. Although re-admission hospital mortality is low, longer-term follow-up of quality-of-life indicators is required.
Previously Infected and Recovered Chimpanzees Exhibit Rapid Responses That Control Hepatitis C Virus Replication upon Rechallenge

Responses in three chimpanzees were compared following challenge with a clonal hepatitis C virus (HCV) contained in plasma from an animal that had received infectious RNA transcripts. Two of the chimpanzees (Ch1552 and ChX0186) had recovered from a previous infection with HCV, while the third (Ch1605) was a naive animal. All animals were challenged by reverse titration with decreasing dilutions of plasma and became serum RNA positive following challenge. Ch1605 displayed a typical disease profile for a chimpanzee. We observed increasing levels of serum RNA from week 1 postinoculation (p.i.), reaching a peak of 10 6 copies/ml at week 9 p.i., and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations and seroconversion to HCV antibodies at week 10 p.i. In contrast, both Ch1552 and ChX0186 exhibited much shorter periods of viremia (4 weeks), low serum RNA levels (peak, 10 3 copies/ml), and minimal ALT elevations. A comparison of intrahepatic cytokine levels in Ch1552 and Ch1605 showed greater and earlier gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha responses in the previously infected animal, responses that were 30-fold greater than baseline responses at week 4 p.i. for IFN-γ in Ch1552 compared to 12-fold in Ch1605 at week 10 p.i. These data indicate (i) that clonal HCV generated from an infectious RNA transcript will lead to a typical HCV infection in naive chimpanzees, (ii) that there are memory immune responses in recovered chimpanzees that control HCV infection upon rechallenge, and (iii) that these responses seem to be T-cell mediated, as none of the animals had detectable antibody against the HCV envelope glycoproteins. These observations have encouraging implications for the development of a vaccine for HCV.
NOX2 protects against progressive lung injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common clinical condition in patients in intensive care units that can lead to complications, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). MODS carries a high mortality rate, and it is unclear why some patients resolve SIRS, whereas others develop MODS. Although oxidant stress has been implicated in the development of MODS, several recent studies have demonstrated a requirement for NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived oxidants in limiting inflammation. We recently demonstrated that NOX2 protects against lung injury and mortality in a murine model of SIRS. In the present study, we investigated the role of NOX2-derived oxidants in the progression from SIRS to MODS. Using a murine model of sterile systemic inflammation, we observed significantly greater illness and subacute mortality in gp91phox−/y (NOX2-deficient) mice compared with wild-type mice. Cellular analysis revealed continued neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum and lungs of the NOX2-deficient mice and altered activation states of both neutrophils and macrophages. Histological examination showed multiple organ pathology indicative of MODS in the NOX2-deficient mice, and several inflammatory cytokines were elevated in lungs of the NOX2-deficient mice. Overall, these data suggest that NOX2 function protects against the development of MODS and is required for normal resolution of systemic inflammation.
Psychopharmacology of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Selective Review

While there is no cure for autism spectrum disorder, psychopharmacologic agents are often used with behavioral and educational approaches to treat its comorbid symptoms of hyperactivity, irritability, and aggression. Studies suggest that at least 50% of persons with autism spectrum disorder receive psychotropic medications during their life span. This selective review examines recent studies about the use of psychotropic medications in persons with autism spectrum disorder. The aim was to focus on randomized controlled trials conducted from 1990 to 2010 on this topic. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane databases. Out of 105 studies identified for the review, only 24 were randomized controlled trials. Thus, despite the common use of these medications in autism spectrum disorder, more controlled studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy and safety.
Federal Food Policy And Childhood Obesity: A Solution Or Part Of The Problem?

Amid growing concern about childhood obesity, the United States spends billions of dollars on food assistance: providing meals and subsidizing food purchases. We examine the relationship between food assistance and body mass index (BMI) for young, low-income children, who are a primary target population for federal food programs and for efforts to prevent childhood obesity. Our findings indicate that food assistance may unintentionally contribute to the childhood obesity problem in cities with high food prices. We also find that subsidized meals at school or day care are beneficial for children's weight status, and we argue that expanding access to subsidized meals may be the most effective tool to use in combating obesity in poor children.
Metastases and Mimics of Metastatic Disease in the Liver

The presence of distant metastases is a general contraindication to resection of a primary tumor because most patients with stage IV cancers do not benefit from aggressive surgical management. Emerging data, however, indicate that some patients with limited hepatic metastases show improved survival following complete surgical removal of the liver tumors compared with stage-matched controls that do not undergo resection. Most of these individuals are patients with colorectal cancer, but tumors from other organs, including the breast and kidney, are increasingly treated in this fashion. Thus, intraoperative frozen section evaluation may be requested by the surgeon to (1) confirm a diagnosis of metastasis, (2) ensure complete resection of a metastatic tumor deposit, or (3) make a diagnosis on a newly discovered lesion.
An SRAM Reliability Test Macro for Fully Automated Statistical Measurements of ${\rm V} _{\rm MIN}$ Degradation

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has been considered as a main reliability issue in SRAMs since the threshold voltage degradation of PMOS transistors due to NBTI has raised minimum operating voltage (VMIN) over time. This paper explains an SRAM reliability test macro designed in a 1.2 V, 65 nm CMOS process technology for statistical measurements of VMIN degradation coming from NBTI. An automated test program efficiently collects statistical VMIN data and reduces test time. The proposed test structure enables VMIN degradation measurements for different SRAM failure modes such as the SNM-limited case and the access-time-limited case. The VMIN dependency on initial device mismatch and stored data is also presented. The measured time to cell data flip affected by NBTI shows the similar trend of NBTI following a power-law dependency on stress time.
National Identity Interrupted: The Mutilation of the Parthenon Marbles and the Greek Claim for Repatriation

History comprises many layers of accumulated collective memory, which act as a conscious or unconscious influence on the decisions of individuals as well as on the collective actions of the great social forces of history. Just how individual and social decision-making interact is a problem that is still under debate. We could however suggest that basic historic experiences clearly affect the mentality of groups. Especially in the case where culturally different nations claim common inheritance, such experiences give rise to conflicting attitudes or lead to lasting antagonisms. Historical experiences may vividly represent national consciousness and often act as testimonies of cultural and national identities based on cultural patrimony, as in the case of Greece. My approach examines the historical consciousness of the Greeks and the creation of cultural and national identity based on cultural heritage.
Recycled waste paper as a non-chemical alternative for weed control in container production

Abstract Studies were conducted to evaluate recycled waste paper mulch as a means of controlling weeds in the production of container-grown crops. Two forms of recycled waste paper products were ev...
Extracellular matrix degradation by cultured mesangial cells: mediators and modulators.

Decreased degradation of the glomerular extracellular matrix (ECM) is thought to contribute to the accumulation of glomerular ECM that occurs in diabetic nephropathy and other chronic renal diseases. Several lines of evidence indicate a key role for the plasminogen activator/plasminogen/plasmin system in glomerular ECM degradation. However, which of the two plasminogen activators (PAs) present in renal tissue, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is responsible for plasmin generation and those factors that modulate the activity of this system remain unclear. This study utilized mesangial cells isolated from mice with gene deletions for tPA, uPA, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) to further delineate the role of the PA/plasminogen/plasmin system in ECM accumulation. ECM degradation by uPA-null mesangial cells was not significantly different from controls (92% ± 1%, n = 12). In contrast, ECM degradation by tPA-null mesangial cells was markedly reduced...
Bubble migration in a compacting crystal-liquid mush

Recent theoretical models have suggested that bubbles are unlikely to undergo significant migration in a compaction crystal mush by capillary invasion while the system remains partly molten. To test this, experiments of bubble migration during compaction in a crystal-liquid mush were modeled using deformable foam crystals in corn syrup in a volumetric burette, compacted with rods of varying weights. A bubble source was provided by sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer®). Large bubbles (>several crystal sizes) are pinched by the compacting matrix and become overpressured and deformed as the bubbles experience a load change from hydrostatic to lithostatic. Once they begin to move, they move much faster than the compaction-driven liquid. Bubbles that are about the same size as the crystals but larger than the narrower pore throats move by deformation or breaking into smaller bubbles as they are forced through pore restrictions. Bubbles that are less than the typical pore diameter generally move with the liquid: The liquid + bubble mixture behaves as a single phase with a lower density than the bubble-free liquid, and as a consequence it rises faster than bubble-free liquid and allows for faster compaction. The overpressure required to force a bubble through the matrix (max grain size = 5 mm) is modest, about 5 %, and it is estimated that for a grain size of 1 mm, the required overpressure would be about 25 %. Using apatite distribution in a Stillwater olivine gabbro as an analog for bubble nucleation and growth, it is suggested that relatively large bubbles initially nucleate and grow in liquid-rich channels that develop late in the compaction history. Overpressure from compaction allows bubbles to rise higher into hotter parts of the crystal pile, where they redissolve and increase the volatile content of the liquid over what it would have without the bubble migration, leading to progressively earlier vapor saturation during crystallization of the interstitial liquid. Bubbles can also move rapidly by ‘surfing’ on porosity waves that can develop in a compacting mush.
Calcium and Magnesium Use for Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy: A Case Study to Assess How Quickly Evidence Translates Into Practice

Substantial research efforts have focused on methods of treating and preventing oxaliplatin-associated neuropathy, the dose-limiting toxicity associated with this drug. Administration of intravenous calcium and magnesium (CaMg) before and after oxaliplatin has been the most studied approach to preventing oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. Although early reports demonstrated potential benefit, subsequent larger trials failed to confirm the efficacy of CaMg in preventing this adverse effect. This article explores how accumulating evidence for and against the use of CaMg for preventing oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy has impacted clinical practice.
Involvement of Opioid Peptides in the Inhibition of Oxytocin Release by Heat Stress in Lactating Mice

AbstractAcute heat stress inhibited suckling-induced milk yield in lactating mice but did not decrease milk yield obtained by suckling following oxytocin administration. Injections of naltrexone, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, prior to heat exposure significantly reduced the inhibition of milk yield during suckling. These results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides may be involved in the mechanism of inhibition of reflex release of oxytocin by stress.
Plasmonic force propulsion for small spacecraft

Plasmonic force propulsion uses solar light focused on deep-subwavelength nanostructures to excite strong optical forces that accelerate and expel nanoparticle propellant. The concept was assessed within the context of precision pointing and position control for nano/pico-satellites. Plasmonic force fields were numerically simulated, propulsion performance predicted and then used to evaluate spacecraft position control resolution and pointing precision. Results for a conceptual design of a plasmonic thruster that has 35 layers, 86 array columns, multi-stage length of 5 mm, a 5-cm-diameter light focusing lens, and uses 100 nm polystyrene nanoparticles expelled at a rate of 1x10 per sec would have a thrust of 250 nN, specific impulse of 10 sec, and minimum impulse bit of 50 pN-s. The thruster mass and volume are estimated at 100 g and 50 cm, respectively. Results predict plasmonic force propulsion can enhance the state-of-the-art in small spacecraft position and attitude control by 1-2 orders of magnitude. This has the potential to enable advanced missions that require ultra-fine pointing precision to less than 0.1 milliarcsecond.
Health self-care in the United States

Abstract Objectives We provide the most recent population-level estimates of time spent in health self-care (including activities such as taking medicine, giving oneself an injection, and wound care). Additionally, we determine when, where, and with whom this time is distributed. Study design We analyze pooled cross-sectional data on individuals aged 21 years and older ( n = 36,033) from the nationally representative 2008, 2010, and 2012–2013 American Time Use Survey. Methods We report the likelihood of any self-care, the mean minutes spent in self-care among those who report any, and the percentage distribution of self-care across the day, in the presence of others, and by place. We examine these trends overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, income, age, education, employment status, disability, and health. Results Overall, 6.7% of the population reports any health self-care on an average day, among whom an average of 76.6 min is spent in care. Individuals are most likely to report self-care in the morning, perform 76.1% of their care alone, and 97% in their own homes. These trends vary across sex, race/ethnicity, age, income, education, employment, disability, and health. Conclusions Our results demonstrate at the population level that self-care is a time-intensive form of health management that is not equally distributed by time, place, the availability of others, or by sociodemographic characteristics. It is important to consider these inequities in order to provide optimal support for patient care outside of health facilities.
Intensive Culture of Walleye from Egg Incubation to Juvenile

This chapter describes early life stages and reviews intensive larviculture of Walleye (Sander vitreus) from hatch to 35 days posthatch (dph). Embryonic development, egg incubation and chemotherapy for eggs, as well as details of gas bladder inflation and methodology to overcome non-inflation of the gas bladder (NGB) are illustrated with photographs from microvideography and artwork. Husbandry includes description of stocking density, as well as environmental features (light, tank color, turbid water, surface spray, and tank hygiene) needed to overcome the problem of clinging behavior and NGB. Consideration is given to use of live and manufactured feeds as well as feeding rate and frequency. The problem of deformities as well as occurrence and treatment of disease and are given appropriate attention. The chapter demonstrates a science-based, production-scale protocol for Walleye fry culture that can achieve 60–70 % survival from hatch to 35 days post hatch (dph). The chapter supports the viewpoint that intensive larviculture offers a practical alternative to pond-culture for production of feed-trained juvenile Walleyes.
An Assessment of Algorithmic Parameters Affecting Image Classification Accuracy by Random Forests

Abstract Random forests as a promising ensemble learning algorithm have been increasingly used for remote sensor image classification, and are found to perform identical or better than some popular classifiers. With only two algorithmic parameters, they are relatively easier to implement. Existing literature suggests that the performance of random forests is insensitive to changing algorithmic parameters. However, this was largely based on the classifier’s accuracy that does not necessarily represent the resulting thematic map accuracy. The current study extends beyond the classifier’s accuracy assessment and investigate how the algorithmic parameters could affect the resulting thematic map accuracy by random forests. A set of random forest models with different parameter settings was carefully constructed and then used to classify a satellite image into multiple land cover categories. Both the classifier’s accuracy and the map accuracy were assessed. The results reveal that these parameters can affect the map accuracy up to 9~16 percent for some classes, although their impact on the classifier’s accuracy was quite limited. A careful parameterization prioritizing thematic map accuracy can help improve the performance of random forests in image classification, especially for spectrally complex land cover classes. These findings can help establish practical guidance on the use of random forests in the remote sensing community.
Method for analysis of Ice Super Saturated Regions (ISSR) in the U.S. airspace

Contrails form when hot humid exhaust from jet engines mixes with a cold low pressure atmosphere creating long thin artificial clouds that are left behind by aircrafts. These high and thin cirrus clouds are highly transparent to shortwave radiation, and under certain azimuth angles, present a small Albedo Force allowing most of the incoming energy to reach the surface of the Earth. They do however absorb the outgoing longwave radiation, a portion of which is sent back to the Earth's surface, adding to the shortwave energy. The added energy causes the overall effect of the high thin cirrus clouds to enhance atmospheric greenhouse warming. Researchers estimate that contrails provide 7% of the Earth's cloud cover and may have a greater impact than CO2 emissions. Adjusting flight trajectories could have an impact on greenhouse warming. Previous research mitigating the effects of contrails used only one month of data. The paper describes the analysis of one year of high fidelity National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Rapid Refresh (RAP) data for the presence of Ice Super Saturated Regions (ISSRs). The highest frequency of ISSR was found during the months from June to September at Flight Levels between 300 and 350 where the maximum ISSR % Volume reached 30% of the US airspace. The ISSRs move constantly, however the largest regions identified were situated over the southern and eastern US air space.
Ethanol inhibition of thrombus formation on collagen-coated glass.

Epi-fluorescent video microscopy was used to evaluate the effect of ethanol on platelet mural thrombus formation. Whole blood, treated with ethanol, was perfused over collagen coated glass in a parallel-plate flow chamber at a shear rate of 1,000/s. Digital image processing and photodiode measurements were used to analyze the dynamics of thrombus growth on this surface. Ethanol concentrations as low as 0.02% v/v were found to inhibit 45 +/- 23% (+/- S.D.) of normal platelet accumulation on the slide while 0.2% v/v ethanol effected an 82 +/- 15% inhibition of mural thrombus formation. While platelet adhesion to the collagen surface appeared unaffected by ethanol concentrations up to 0.1% v/v, 0.2% v/v ethanol had an effect on adhesion as well as aggregation. These results imply that low ethanol concentrations inhibit the formation of mural thrombi in a model of a damaged blood vessel at physiological shear rates. This inhibition would not be detected in systems which measure bulk aggregation, e. g. in aggregometric determinations.
SU-F-J-115: Target Volume and Artifact Evaluation of a New Device-Less 4D CT Algorithm

Purpose: 4DCT is often used in radiation therapy treatment planning to define the extent of motion of the visible tumor (IGTV). Recent available software allows 4DCT images to be created without the use of an external motion surrogate. This study aims to compare this device-less algorithm to a standard device-driven technique (RPM) in regards to artifacts and the creation of treatment volumes. Methods: 34 lung cancer patients who had previously received a cine 4DCT scan on a GE scanner with an RPM determined respiratory signal were selected. Cine images were sorted into 10 phases based on both the RPM signal and the device-less algorithm. Contours were created on standard and device-less maximum intensity projection (MIP) images using a region growing algorithm and manual adjustment to remove other structures. Variations in measurements due to intra-observer differences in contouring were assessed by repeating a subset of 6 patients 2 additional times. Artifacts in each phase image were assessed using normalized cross correlation at each bed position transition. A score between +1 (artifacts “better” in all phases for device-less) and −1 (RPM similarly better) was assigned for each patient based on these results. Results: Device-less IGTV contours were 2.1 ± 1.0% smaller than standard IGTV contours (not significant, p = 0.15). The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was 0.950 ± 0.006 indicating good similarity between the contours. Intra-observer variation resulted in standard deviations of 1.2 percentage points in percent volume difference and 0.005 in DSC measurements. Only two patients had improved artifacts with RPM, and the average artifact score (0.40) was significantly greater than zero. Conclusion: Device-less 4DCT can be used in place of the standard method for target definition due to no observed difference between standard and device-less IGTVs. Phase image artifacts were significantly reduced with the device-less method.
Glycemic control, compliance, and satisfaction for diabetic gravidas in centering group care

AbstractPurpose: To determine if diabetic gravidas enrolled in Centering® group care have improved glycemic control compared to those attending standard prenatal care. To compare compliance and patient satisfaction between the groups.Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of diabetics enrolled in centering group care from October 2013 to December 2015. Glycemic control, compliance and patient satisfaction (five-point Likert scale) were evaluated. Student’s t-test, Chi-Square and mixed effects model were used to compare outcomes.Results: We compared 20 patients in centering to 28 standard prenatal care controls. Mean fasting blood sugar was lower with centering group care (91.0 versus 105.5 mg/dL, p =0.017). There was no difference in change in fasting blood sugar over time between the two groups (p = 0.458). The percentage of time patients brought their blood glucose logs did not differ between the centering group and standard prenatal care (70.7 versus 73.9%, p = 0.973). Women in ...
Disorder in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes: a three-pulse photon Echp peak shift study

3PEPS data on the B800 band of LH2 complex reveals energy transfer within the band and is modeled properly by solving the master equation, whereas the data on the B820 band shows two-levels of disorder.
A Brief Historical Dictionary of Mathematical Terms

ics by any attempt to dissociate it from its history. ?Glashier The terms of mathematics may well be used by a teach er in instructing high-school children in the extended use of the dictionary. The history of mathematics in its major outlines is reflected in the terminology. Under the wise direction of a good teacher, a child may himself discover much of this history through the aid of the dictionary. Real appreciation of the histori cal development of the mathematical science, can be obtained by this simple method. ?Karpinski The three of us were collaborating on a paper when we ran across these quotations (Cajori 1979, Karpinski 1965). After talking it over and looking up some things, we de cided to attempt to do what we could to use the history of mathematics in our classes. For instance, when doing an ordinary addi tion problem on the chalkboard, a remark as to the invention of the symbol for "plus" would seem in order; when using one of the standard algorithms, an explanation as to how the word algorithm came into use would follow; or when doing some algebra problems, we would talk about the word al gebra. Some students seemed genuinely sur prised and interested in these brief trips into the history of mathematics. Often stu dents ask if they can do anything for extra credit. So, other than the obvious "do extra work" (or the somewhat facetious "do better on the next test"), a reasonable option would seem to be to have the stu dents look up terms themselves. We feel this alternative could benefit them in other ways. The extra credit work took the form either of a paper reporting on events or terms in the historical development of mathematics or of a brief dictionary of terms relating to the particular class in volved, for example, algebra or trig onometry. The students reported that not only did they learn quite a bit about a particular topic but that they spent many hours read ing about related events in the historical development of mathematics. The history, language, and mathematics blended into something that was real and interesting to them. Try it in your classes?we think you will be as pleased with the results as we are. The following definitions are just a few of the dozens of interesting items that are available in the literature.
Lymph Nodes Cytology

Lymphadenopathy, with or without history of malignancy, is often clinically concerning. However, complete surgical excision of an enlarged lymph node is not always practical for histological assessment. Fine needle aspiration is often performed first to determine whether the increase in the size of a lymph node is secondary to a benign or malignant process. While surgical excision may be subsequently performed, the advantage of an initial fine needle aspiration is that it’s a rapid assessment and can be done as a much less invasive procedure. Certain shortcomings are nonetheless associated with lymph node cytology. Sampling error is always a possibility whenever a negative cytology is obtained. Inaccurate “false-positive” diagnosis unfortunately is also a real possibility. Reactive or inflamed lymph nodes can yield cellular material with features that can strikingly resemble a neoplastic process. In this chapter, these features will be discussed along with recommendations on how to avoid these pitfalls.
Spectral methods for brain imaging and text analysis

Spectral learning algorithms have recently become popular in data-rich domains because they lead to statistical estimation algorithms which are fast, useful, and have strong theoretical properties. We propose a general spectral framework for analyzing brain imaging data that uses sparse matrix factorization to learn the boundaries of and connections between brain regions, using both the imaging data and prior neuroanatomical knowledge. We determine biologically-relevant, patient-specific functional parcels, which significantly improve classification of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) over state-of-the-art competing approaches. We use similar spectral algorithms to learn “word embeddings”-low dimensional real vectors (‘eigenwords’) that capture the “meanings” of words from their contexts. Finally, we present preliminary results relating the words in a sentence presented to a subject (represented as eigenwords) to the subjects' brain images, providing a step towards determining how sentences are represented in the brain.
To Uphold and Resist: Protecting Intellectual Freedom through Progressive Librarianship

ABSTRACTPublic librarians uphold an ethical commitment to protect the intellectual freedom of their patrons, but when information is accessed online, users become vulnerable to censorship and surveillance. The public library is a democratic institution in which patrons should be able to interact with information free of restriction or judgment, and this right is threatened by the conflict between access and privacy. Librarians should reject the notion that they are neutral and instead adopt a political stance in defense of intellectual freedom; they should actively combat surveillance and limitations on access. A framework for activism can be found within Birdsall’s theory of progressive librarianship.
Charitable Giving in Arts and Culture Nonprofits: The Impact of Organizational Characteristics:

Considerable research examines the impact of nonprofit organizational characteristics on charitable giving. Unresolved questions remain, however, about the impact of specific revenue sources on cha...
Communicating party labels and names on twitter during the 2016 presidential invisible primary and primary campaigns

This study investigated the use of party and ideological labels and candidate names in major party candidate tweets (N = 94,310) during the 2016 presidential preprimary and primary campaigns to understand the extent to which candidates focused on intraparty and interparty themes as a part of their marketing strategies. The results show that the candidates and their campaigns did not engage in heavy partisan labeling to cultivate their social media identities. Outsider candidates were not more likely to use party or ideological labels in their tweets than insider candidates were. The candidates focused on self-advocacy in their tweets.
Appropriate Use of Genetic Manipulation for the Development of Restoration Plant Materials

The diversity of approaches for developing restoration plant material reflects a variety of philosophies that represent what can and should be accomplished by restoration. The “natural” approach emphasizes emulation of putative naturally occurring patterns of genetic variation. The “genetically manipulated” approach involves such techniques as artificial selection, hybridization, bulking, and chromosome doubling to create populations that are ostensibly as well or better equipped to restore ecosystem function than the extirpated natural populations that they are designed to replace. A number of caveats have been issued regarding manipulated plant materials, including concerns regarding improper genetic identity, outbreeding depression, maladaptation, and inappropriate amounts of genetic variation. Here we detail (1) when these concerns are likely to be valid or inconsequential, (2) how precautions may be taken to minimize these concerns, and (3) how to respect, as much as possible, the principles cherished by proponents of natural plant materials, yet still take advantage of the benefits of genetic manipulation.
Enantio- and Diastereoselective Organocatalytic Conjugate Additions of Nitroalkanes to Enone Diesters

Enantio- and diastereoselective conjugate addition reactions between nitroethane or nitropropane and enone diesters are reported. A bifunctional triaryliminophosphorane catalyzed the addition reaction with consistently excellent stereoselectivities and yields across a wide range of substrates. By the use of the gem-diester functional handle present in the adducts, local desymmetrization via diastereotopic group discrimination was demonstrated, and a polyfunctionalized lactam with three contiguous stereocenters was synthesized.
The Use of Phenomenology in Nursing Education: An Integrative Review.

Copyright © 2017 National League for Nursing. AIM The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize research to address two questions about phenomenology in nursing education: How has Husserlian phenomenology been used in nursing education? What is the importance of Husserlian phenomenology in nursing education? BACKGROUND Phenomenology is utilized in nursing education to explore the experiences of faculty and students. METHOD Whittemore and Knafl's integrative method guided the analysis of the research. Nine articles meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed. Studies addressed faculty student experiences. RESULTS The reviewed research revealed that phenomenology is used in nursing education to understand, identify, describe, and explore various phenomena. CONCLUSIONNew knowledge gained from this integrative reviewabout phenomenology is beneficial to nursing education.
What Hath Loyola to do with Azusa Street

This paper argues that Ignatian principles for the discernment of spirits appear throughout Amos Yong’s theology of world religions. In an effort to locate a greater Pentecostal relationship to tradition and contribute to ecumenical dialogue, the author points to three examples. First, for both Ignatius and Yong, good and evil spirits exist and interact with human persons. Second, both see divine activity in all people. This argument stems from theological considerations and stands distinct from the metaphysical considerations made in the first point. Finally, both rely on the affective as a genuine source of knowledge in discerning spirits. The argument regarding this latter point will center on a methodological consideration.