cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) quenching of acridine orange fluorescence distinguishes cycling and non-cycling normal and malignant bone marrow cells in vitro

Abstract Suppression of the green fluorescence of acridine orange by 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into cellular DNA was measured by flow cytometry. Bone marrow cells from normal volunteers [6] and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia [6], acute lymphocytic leukemia [7], acute myelogenous leukemia [20] and multiple myeloma [10] were incubated with BUdR in vitro . By 24 h acridine orange stained cycling cells that had synthesized DNA in the presence of BUdR were differentiated from quiescent cells as a second peak with quenched green fluorescence (DNA). After 72 h in culture 11–65% of the G 0 G 1 cells from normal bone marrows and bone marrows with myeloid leukemia were identified as cycling in culture by the presence of a second peak with quenched green fluorescence. A greater percentage of cells with BUdR quenched AO fluorescence was associated with an S-phase compartment size of greater than 15%. RNA content, as measured by red fluorescence of acridine orange was higher in the cycling cells that had synthesized DNA in the presence of BUdR than in the non-cycling G 0 G 1 cells. In one patient with AML there was quenching of the DNA fluorescence of the aneuploid population but not the diploid population indicating that the aneuploid leukemia cells were proliferating. In contrast in patients with multiple myeloma, the quenched fluorescence of the diploid cell population and not the aneuploid cells, indicated that the diploid cells were proliferating. The cells from patients with untreated ALL failed to proliferate prohibiting an in vivo assessment of growth. Although measurements of proliferation obtained by this method are clearly influenced by the cell's adaptation to culture, measurement of BUdR quenching of acridine orange fluorescence is technically feasible and can identify and allow characterization of the cycling population of cells.
Sentencing guidelines: A quantitative comparison of sentencing policies in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Washington

During the past decade, several states established special commissions to develop sentencing guidelines. This article employs a simulation methodology to quantify and compare the sentencing recommendations in the first three states that promulgated guidelines. The article explores how the development of these guidelines was influenced by differences in the purposes of the sentencing reforms, in the sentencing philosophies adopted by the commissions, and in the statutory constraints placed on the commissions. Variations in these factors led to measurable differences in the degree of judicial discretion permitted by the guideline and in the overall severity of the guideline recommendations.
Update for the logicle data scale including operational code implementations.

Since its introduction in the early 2000s, the logicle data scale (1,2) has been widely adopted by the cytometry community. The characteristics of logicle displays and their use to facilitate interpretation of flow cytometry data have been discussed in several papers (3,4). FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR) offers the option of setting logicle transformation as the default for some data types. Diva software (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) offers logicle displays with scaling customized to the distribution of the data in each plot (called “Biexponential” but using the logicle constraints on the biexponential and logicle methods for selecting display parameters). In our experience with data from many different biological applications and a variety of instruments, logicle transformation provides good representation of all cytometry data for which direct linear presentation is not the most appropriate choice and has shown no tendency to generate artifactual features in displays. On this basis, we now recommend logicle as the appropriate default method for nonlinear transformation of cytometric data. In support of this recommendation, this communication provides (1) minor updates to the logicle specification, (2) a rigorously defined parameterization that should clarify questions that have come from people who were implementing logicle transformations in software, (3) technical details that were not considered suitable for the original publication but have become important for the standardization and consistent application of the method, (4) reference implementation code for both high-precision and routine calculations, and (5) a more detailed mathematical exposition on Biexponential Functions (Supporting Information). We expect that the formulas presented here will be the normative definition for the logicle transformation included in the ISAC Standards Committee’s recommendation in Gating-ML (Analytical Cytometry Standard (ACS)—Gating-ML Component, http://flowcyt.sourceforge.net/gating/). Implementations of the logicle scale in the Java, C++, and C programming languages are provided in the Supporting Information and are released under the Revised Berkeley Software Distribution open source license for free use in cytometry software. A module for integrating the logicle scale into the R statistical programming environment is available in the Bio-conductor repository (http://www.bioconductor.org/). Several algorithms and computational methods used in this work were adopted or modified from Ref. 5 (NR3, www.cambridge.org/numericalrecipes and www.nr.com).
Tarsal-conjunctival disease associated with Wegener's granulomatosis

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of tarsal–conjunctival disease in a cohort of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Design Retrospective, case-controlled study. Participants The medical records of 82 consecutive WG patients who underwent an eye examination between January 1996 and June 2002 at the National Institutes of Health were reviewed. Methods Details of the ophthalmic examination, results of medical therapy, and histopathologic analysis results were recorded. Tarsal–conjunctival disease was defined by (1) conjunctival hyperemia and granuloma formation, areas of necrosis, or active fibrovascular changes in the tarsus or conjunctiva, or (2) evidence of inactive fibrovascular scar. The association of tarsal–conjunctival disease with major organ system involvement was assessed using Bayesian methods. Main outcome measures The occurrence and clinical characteristics of tarsal–conjunctival disease in a cohort of patients with WG and associations with major organ system involvement. Results Tarsal–conjunctival disease occurred in 13 of 82 patients (16%) with WG examined over a 6.5-year period. The palpebral surface of the upper lid was involved most commonly, showing conjunctival hyperemia in seven patients, granulomatous lesions in three patients, tarsal–conjunctival necrosis in four patients, active fibrovascular proliferation in six patients, and inactive fibrous scar tissue in seven patients. Histopathologic analysis of eyelid biopsy specimens showed granulomatous inflammation, focal necrosis, and areas of occlusive vasculitis in the tarsus and conjunctiva. In reviewing the patterns of organ involvement in patients with and without tarsal–conjunctival disease, the association of subglottic stenosis and nasolacrimal duct obstruction with tarsal–conjunctival disease showed a high probability of clinical significance. Conclusions Tarsal–conjunctival disease, a previously uncommon finding in patients with WG, was characterized by inflammation of the palpebral conjunctiva and tarsus followed by a fibrovascular proliferation and scar formation. Because of the important association of tarsal–conjunctival disease with subglottic stenosis, which can progress and lead to laryngeal obstruction and respiratory failure, patients with tarsal–conjunctival disease should be referred to an otolaryngologist for evaluation.
Irradiation hardening behavior of polycrystalline metals after low temperature irradiation

Abstract Irradiation hardening behaviors of body-centered cubic (bcc), face-centered cubic (fcc), and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) alloys and pure metals were characterized after neutron, or proton and neutron irradiations at low temperatures (⩽200 °C). In the regression analysis, the radiation-induced increase in yield stress, Δ σ YS , was expressed in the form of a power law: Δ σ YS = h (dpa) n , where h and n are the regression coefficients and dpa is displacements per atom. The log–log plots of Δ σ YS vs. dpa data showed two distinctive regimes: a low-dose regime where a rapid hardening occurs and a high-dose regime where the log–log plot shows a considerably reduced slope. Mean values for n obtained from the 19 metals were about 0.5 for the low-dose regime and about 0.12 for the high-dose regime. Some ductile metals like Fe, Cu and Zr displayed lower h and n values. Doses to reach the regime of reduced irradiation hardening, D S , were in the range 0.003–0.07 dpa. Comparisons between radiation effect parameters led to a conclusion that the transition from the low-dose to the high-dose regime in irradiation hardening occurs either when the tensile specimen undergoes prompt plastic instability at yield or when saturation of defect cluster density occurs.
Equity Analysis Of Personal Transportation System Benefits

: This article examines the distribution of transportation service benefits within the Atlanta, Georgia, urbanized area. The capitalized value of highway and public transit accessibility into owner-occupied residential property value is used as an indicator of transportation system benefits. These benefits are then compared to household income, race, and locational characteristics. The results of this analysis suggest that net personal transportation system benefits are not significantly biased toward particular income or racial groups. As might be expected, the results indicate that there is a positive relationship between urban location and access to transportation facilities. The analysis of the distributional equity of transportation services presented in this article represents a departure from previous research efforts. Such efforts have tended to measure equity as a function of outputs from service provision activities rather than outcomes, which are the social and economic changes resulting from service provision. These findings have important policy implications for transportation impact analysis, especially in the area of social impact analysis.
Damping augmentation of nanocomposites using carbon nanofiber paper

Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process was used to fabricate the nanocomposites through integrating carbon nanofiber paper into traditional glass fiber reinforced composites. The carbon nanofiber paper had a porous structure with highly entangled carbon nanofibers and short glass fibers. In this study, the carbon nanofiber paper was employed as an interlayer and surface layer of composite laminates to enhance the damping properties. Experiments conducted using the nanocomposite beam indicated up to 200-700% increase of the damping ratios at higher frequencies. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of the carbon nanofiber paper and the nanocomposites was also conducted to investigate the impregnation of carbon nanofiber paper by the resin during the VARTM process and the mechanics of damping augmentation. The study showed a complete penetration of the resin through the carbon nanofiber paper. The connectivities between carbon nanofibers and short glass fibers within the carbon nanofiber paper were responsible for the significant energy dissipation in the nanocomposites during the damping tests.
Thiol-Reactive Luminescent Chelates of Terbium and Europium

Thiol-reactive lanthanide complexes have been synthesized that are luminescent when bound to terbium and/or europium. The complexes consist of a diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) chelate covalently joined through one amide bond to a chromophore, carbostyril 124, and via a second amide bond to a maleimide, bromoacetamide, or pyridyldithio moiety. Site-specific attachment and characterization of the complexes attached to DNA-activating protein NtrC, to various sites on myosin, or to DNA are presented. The compounds coordinate a surprisingly large number of ligation sites of terbium when a hydrazide spacer is used between the chelate and thiol-reactive moiety, although this extra ligation can cause quenching when europium is used. Synthesis is a simple two- or three-step reaction, and purification is straightforward. The compounds should be useful as nonisotopic replacements, as long-lifetime probes in imaging, and as donors in luminescence resonance energy transfer. They are examples of a wide class of chelates that can be made conjugatable via readily available hetero- or homo-bifunctional linkers.
Novel Substitutions of 1-Alkoxy- and 1-Arylsulfonyloxy-η3-Allylmolybdenum Complexes. A Case for η1-Alkenyl Carbene Complexes as Intermediates

A series of acyclic and cyclic 1-alkoxy- and 1-arylsulfonyloxy-substituted TpMo(CO)(2)(η(3)-allyl) complexes was synthesized and characterized, and exchange of the oxygenated substituent was investigated under a variety of reaction conditions. 1-Alkoxy-substituted η(3)-allyl and η(3)-butenyl complexes participated in direct, uncatalyzed exchange of the alkoxy substituent with benzylamine, but required a Lewis acid for exchange with alcohols. The 1-alkoxy-substituted η(3)-cyclohexenyl complex was unreactive towards exchange under all conditions investigated. The corresponding acyclic arylsulfonyloxy-substituted complexes underwent direct, uncatalyzed exchange with both benzylamine and alcohols, while the arylsulfonyloxy-substituted cyclohexenyl compounds participated in direct substitution with benzylamine, but not alcohols. High enantiopurity acyclic and cyclic alkoxy- and arylsulfonyloxy-substituted complexes provided exchange products with predominant, but incomplete, losses in enantiomeric excess in all cases examined. Mechanisms accounting for the observed reactivity trends and for the losses in enantiomeric excess are discussed. Reaction of alkoxy-substituted complexes through an associative mechanism and of arylsulfonyloxy-substituted compounds through a dissociative mechanism is suggested.
Altered expression of troponin T isoforms in mild left ventricular hypertrophy in the rabbit.

Alterations in troponin T (TnT) isoforms have been reported in severe human and experimental heart failure (HF), and may play a role in the depressed myofibrillar ATPase activity observed in this condition. It is unclear whether these alterations reflect very severe hemodynamic derangement or are a component of mild hypertrophic stress. Therefore, we studied the expression of TnT isoforms (SDS-PAGE, Western blots), myosin isoforms, myofibrillar ATPase activity, and left ventricular (LV) mechanoenergetics (rbc perfused, isovolumically contracting isolated heart) in a rabbit model of mild hypertrophy (LVH) due to gradual hypertension caused by 12 weeks of cellophane wrap of the kidneys (n=12). LV/body weight ratio increased by 28% in LVH compared to shams (P<0.001); no animals had evidence of HF. In LVH, the percentage of TnT2was modestly but significantly increased compared to shams [6.2±1.9 (±S.D.)v3.7±1.0%,P<0.05], mainly as a consequence of a parallel decrease in TnT4(P=0.07). Sham hearts ranged from 75–100% V3isomyosin, whereas all LVH hearts had 100% of the V3form. There were no significant differences in myofibrillar ATPase activity or mechanical variables, including contraction and relaxation rates. The slope of the VO2-pressure–volume–area relation (a measure of the energy conversion efficiency of the contractile machinery) was also unchanged. We conclude that in the rabbit, shifts in TnT isoforms toward a more “fetal” pattern occur during mild LVH and, therefore, are likely to be a general feature of the response to hemodynamic stress, rather than a phenomenon confined to end-stage disease. These modest shifts are not associated with major alterations in LV myofibrillar ATPase activity or mechanoenergetics.
Migrant Heroes: Nationalism, Citizenship and the Politics of Filipino Migrant Labor

The Philippine state has popularized the idea of Filipino migrants as the country's 'new national heroes', critically transforming notions of Filipino citizenship and citizenship struggles. As 'new national heroes', migrant workers are extended particular kinds of economic and welfare rights while they are abroad even as they are obligated to perform particular kinds of duties to their home state. The author suggests that this transnationalized citizenship, and the obligations attached to it, becomes a mode by which the Philippine state ultimately disciplines Filipino migrant labor as flexible labor. However, as citizenship is extended to Filipinos beyond the borders of the Philippines, the globalization of citizenship rights has enabled migrants to make various kinds of claims on the Philippine state. Indeed, these new transnational political struggles have given rise not only to migrants' demands for rights, but to alternative nationalisms and novel notions of citizenship that challenge the Philippine s...
MtrR Control of a Transcriptional Regulatory Pathway in Neisseria meningitidis That Influences Expression of a Gene (nadA) Encoding a Vaccine Candidate

The surface-exposed NadA adhesin produced by a subset of capsular serogroup B strains of Neisseria meningitidis is currently being considered as a vaccine candidate to prevent invasive disease caused by a hypervirulent lineage of meningococci. Levels of NadA are known to be controlled by both transcriptional regulatory factors and a component of human saliva, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Herein, we confirmed the capacity of a DNA-binding protein termed FarR to negatively control nadA expression. We also found that a known transcriptional regulator of farR in N. gonorrhoeae termed MtrR can have a negative regulatory impact on farR and nadA expression, especially when over-expressed. MtrR-mediated repression of nadA was found to be direct, and its binding to a target DNA sequence containing the nadA promoter influenced formation and/or stability of FarR::nadA complexes. The complexity of the multi-layered regulation of nadA uncovered during this investigation suggests that N. meningitidis modulates NadA adhesin protein levels for the purpose of interacting with host cells yet avoiding antibody directed against surface exposed epitopes.
Design and Control of a Hyper-Redundant Manipulator for Mobile Manipulating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Manipulating objects using arms mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is attractive because UAVs may access many locations that are otherwise inaccessible to other mobile manipulation platforms such as ground vehicles. Despite recent work, several major challenges remain to be overcome before it will be practical to manipulate objects from UAVs. Among these challenges are: (a) The constantly moving UAV platform and compliance of manipulator arms make it difficult to position the UAV and end-effector relative to an object of interest precisely enough for manipulation, and (b) The motions of the manipulator impact the stability of the host UAV, further complicating positioning. Solving these challenges will bring UAVs one step closer to being able to perform meaningful tasks such as infrastructure repair, disaster response, casualty extraction, and cargo resupply. Toward solutions to these challenges, this paper describes a hyper-redundant manipulator, manipulator control approaches and system design considerations to position the manipulator relative to objects of interest in such a way that impacts on platform stability are minimized.
Constrained signal selection for post-silicon validation

Limited signal observability is a major concern during post-silicon validation. On-chip trace buffers store a small number of signal states every cycle. Existing signal selection techniques are designed to select a set of signals based on the trace buffer width. In a real-life scenario, it is reasonable that a designer has determined some important signals that must be traced. In this paper, we study the constrained signal selection problem where a set of trace signals are already provided by the designer and the remaining signals have to be determined to improve overall restoration performance. Our experimental results using ISCAS'89 benchmarks demonstrate that up to 5% improvement can be obtained in restoration performance compared to existing approaches.
d -Amphetamine-induced “Floating limb” syndrome in young rhesus monkeys

Acuted-amphetamine administration to young rhesus monkeys (N=10) caused a motor syndrome of hypoactivity and chorea-like postures and motor movements which we have termed “floating limb”. Frequently after subcutaneous injections of 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kgd-amphetamine, an affected monkey raised one or both legs or arms and held the limb(s) motionless in the air. Affected limbs were usually returned to a normal position if they appeared to enter the animal's visual field. In other cases, the monkey assumed bizarre and contorted postures which were held for prolonged periods. Such postures were often accompanied by gentle repetitive brushing of the ears and facial hair with extremities of the affected limbs. Quantification of the frequency of these movements showed that they occurred regularly for 90–150 min afterd-amphetamine. Hydroxyamphetamine, a peripherally-acting amphetamine analog, did not induce floating limb, indicating that the behavior was probably mediated by central actions ofd-amphetamine. A similar disorder has been reported occasionally in other studies with monkeys and cats. It may be related to the chorea that is seen in humans after the use of amphetamine and other stimulants.d-Amphetamine treatment in young monkeys may provide a viable model of human choreoathetoid disorders induced by disease or drug use.
The establishment of a line (WISH) of human amnion cells in continuous cultivation.

Abstract 1. 1. A description is given of the events occurring in the alteration of a culture of primary human amnion cells to an established cell line (WISH). Photographic documentation of the event is presented. 2. 2. Characteristics of the cell line are given with respect to virus spectrum, preservation at −70 °C, and growth in suspended culture. 3. 3. Evidence is presented which suggests that the initial alteration occurred in vitro and not from a pre-existing altered cell in the amnion. 4. 4. A comparison is made between the events observed in the establishment of this cell line (WISH) and those described by other workers who have observed this phenomenon.
Amino Acids and mTOR Mediate Distinct Metabolic Checkpoints in Mammalian G1 Cell Cycle

Objective In multicellular organisms, cell division is regulated by growth factors (GFs). In the absence of GFs, cells exit the cell cycle at a site in G1 referred to as the restriction point (R) and enter a state of quiescence known as G0. Additionally, nutrient availability impacts on G1 cell cycle progression. While there is a vast literature on G1 cell cycle progression, confusion remains – especially with regard to the temporal location of R relative to nutrient-mediated checkpoints. In this report, we have investigated the relationship between R and a series of metabolic cell cycle checkpoints that regulate passage into S-phase. Methods We used double-block experiments to order G1 checkpoints that monitor the presence of GFs, essential amino acids (EEAs), the conditionally essential amino acid glutamine, and inhibition of mTOR. Cell cycle progression was monitored by uptake of [3H]-thymidine and flow cytometry, and analysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins was by Western-blot. Results We report here that the GF-mediated R can be temporally distinguished from a series of late G1 metabolic checkpoints mediated by EAAs, glutamine, and mTOR – the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin. R is clearly upstream from an EAA checkpoint, which is upstream from a glutamine checkpoint. mTOR is downstream from both the amino acid checkpoints, close to S-phase. Significantly, in addition to GF autonomy, we find human cancer cells also have dysregulated metabolic checkpoints. Conclusion The data provided here are consistent with a GF-dependent mid-G1 R where cells determine whether it is appropriate to divide, followed by a series of late-G1 metabolic checkpoints mediated by amino acids and mTOR where cells determine whether they have sufficient nutrients to accomplish the task. Since mTOR inhibition arrests cells the latest in G1, it is likely the final arbiter for nutrient sufficiency prior to committing to replicating the genome.
Recombinational Repair within Heterochromatin Requires ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling

Summary Heterochromatin plays a key role in protection of chromosome integrity by suppressing homologous recombination. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Sir2p, Sir3p, and Sir4p are structural components of heterochromatin found at telomeres and the silent mating-type loci. Here we have investigated whether incorporation of Sir proteins into minichromosomes regulates early steps of recombinational repair in vitro. We find that addition of Sir3p to a nucleosomal substrate is sufficient to eliminate yRad51p-catalyzed formation of joints, and that this repression is enhanced by Sir2p/Sir4p. Importantly, Sir-mediated repression requires histone residues that are critical for silencing in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling enzyme facilitates joint formation by evicting Sir3p, thereby promoting subsequent Rad54p-dependent formation of a strand invasion product. These results suggest that recombinational repair in the context of heterochromatin presents additional constraints that can be overcome by ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes.
A novel way to implement self-localization in a multi-robot experimental platform

Self-localization is an important part of multi-robot experiments. The traditional way to obtain the global pose (position and orientation) of a robot is to attach a unique pattern to the robot. A centralized sensor, such as a camera, is typically used to identify the pattern and estimate its pose directly. However, the pattern-based localization scheme lends itself a poor scalability property because, in presence of a large number of robots, the recognition of all patterns may result into a computational bottleneck. Moreover, the implementation of this technique in a decentralized framework is questionable. Additionally, the practicality of designing a large number of unique patterns and attaching them on often miniature robots present some challenges. To overcome the use of a pattern, a novel method has been proposed in this paper for the robots to obtain their global poses without using any pattern. In this method, we run Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) on each robot to fuse the global position data with the control input data to estimate the orientation. In a multi-robot setting, this becomes challenging because the positional data is untagged and robots do not have a priori knowledge about which data pertains to their own position. To overcome this issue, we propose a method in which each robot can identify its own track from the other's tracks by comparing the average errors over time between prediction and measurement in the EKFs that are run on each candidate trajectory. Therefore, instead of trying to identify robots in a centralized manner for localization, we distribute the task to each robot and let them estimate their pose on their own. Extensive simulations and experiments have been conducted and the results are provided to show the effectiveness of this method.
Burrowing by the bivalve mollusc Lithophaga curta in the living reef coral Montipora berryi and a hypothesis of reciprocal larval recruitment

The burrowing bivalve Lithophaga curta is abundant (8 to 9 per 100 cm2) in the encrusting, hermatypic coral Montipora berryi at Enewetak; this is the first report of L. curta colonizing living coral. Conversely, larvae of M. berryi appear to settle in empty bivalve burrows, tentatively identified as those of L. curta, located in dead M. berryi. Several hypotheses are suggested on the adaptive significance of substrate selection by larvae of both species and an overall hypothesis of reciprocal recruitment, describing the dynamic aspects of this apparently co-evolved relationship, is proposed.
Borna disease virus and schizophrenia

The development of a new serological assay method to detect antibodies in human sera recognizing Borna disease virus (BDV) proteins and a clinical pilot study are presented. Psychiatric patients from a schizophrenia research clinic in Baltimore, Maryland, were examined for antibodies to BDV antigen with traditional indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) that used both single and double labeling techniques and also with a Western blot assay capable of detecting antibodies to the three BDV proteins from a human neuroblastoma cell line. Thirteen of 90 (14.4%) patients and 0/20 control subjects had antibodies that recognized more than one BDV protein on the Western blot. Three patients had antibodies that recognized all three BDV proteins. Magnetic resonance imaging assessments of the volume of the putamen (with controls for total cranial volume) differentiated BDV+ from BDV- patients, and there were trend differences for bilateral amygdalae and the left amygdala-hippocampal process. We conclude that: (1) the Western blot assay is superior to IFA assays in BDV serology studies, (2) detection of antibodies to more than one BDV protein is a useful working criterion for seropositivity, (3) the 14.5 kDa BDV protein is 10 times more predictive of seropositivity than either the 38/40 kDa or the 24 kDa protein, (4) there is tentative evidence for a schizophrenia-control difference in the prevalence of anti-BDV antibodies, and (5) it is likely that there are neuroanatomical/behavioral features that differentiate seropositive from seronegative schizophrenic patients.
Further studies on the number of histocompatibility loci in rats

The response of (DA×BN.B2)F2 rats to small skin grafts from each of the inbred parental strains indicated that at least 15 histocompatibility loci were segregating. The results are discussed with respect to other F2 analyses.
Performance Analysis of Single Crystal PMN-PZT Unimorphs for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

This paper presents the performance analysis of the single crystal piezoelectric ceramic PMN-PZT (where PMN stands for lead magnesium niobate and PZT stands for lead zirconate titanate) for piezoelectric energy harvesting. Unimorph cantilevers using PMN-PZT layers with Al (aluminum) and SS (stainless steel) substrates are tested under base excitation for a wide range of load resistance (from 10 ohms to 2.2 Mohms). Electrical power generation performance of the unimorphs using PMN-PZT is compared against that of the unimorphs using the conventional piezoelectric ceramic PZT-5H with Al and SS substrates. For both substrates, it is observed that the power density (power output per device volume) and the specific power (power output per device mass) results of the unimorphs using PMN-PZT are about two orders of magnitude larger than those of the unimorphs using PZT-5H. Outstanding power generation performance of the unimorphs with PMN-PZT is associated with stronger resistive shunt damping effect compared to unimorphs with PZT-5H. In addition to the experimental analyses and comparisons, power generation and shunt damping results of a single crystal unimorph are successfully predicted by using a distributed parameter electromechanical model. Results show that single crystal PMN-PZT is a very strong interface for piezoelectric energy harvesting and shunt damping. However, the improved power generation and shunt damping performance of PMN-PZT comes with reduced robustness due to the brittle nature of the single crystalline structure.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Controlling 3D objects by sketching 2D views

User control of robotic or graphic objects containing many internal degrees of freedom is difficult--existing input devices do not map well onto the parameters of highly articulated objects. When a high degree of precision is not required, as is often the case when driving graphics for 3-D animation, we show that the 3-D position and orientation of the object and the values of its joints can be recovered from 2-D sketches of the object. Such freehand sketches represent projections of the object onto the picture plane as the user wants to see it. The result is a very intuitive method for ''sketching in 3-D''. To test the robustness with respect to freehand drawing, a particularly ''noisy'' form of sensory data, we experiment with freehand strokes that artists sketch to directly position, orient and control the joints of 3-D human-like stick figures.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Gas-phase thermochemistry of the group 3 dioxides: SCO2, YO2 and LaO2

Gas-phase ScO_2, YO_2, LaO_2 and the singly charged cations of these species are formed in endothermic reactions between MO+ (M=Sc, Y, and La) and NO_2 in a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. The cross sections of these reactions are measured as a function of kinetic energy and are interpreted to give the following 0 K bond energies (in eV): D^0(OScO)=3.95±0.33, D^0(OYO)=4.14±0.22, D^0(OLaO)=4.20±0.33, D^0(OSc^+O)=1.72±0.19, D^0(OY^+O)=1.76±0.16, and D^0(OLa^+O)=0.99±0.31. Values for the MO_2 ionization energies (in eV) are determined to be IE(ScO_2)=8.66±0.20, IE(YO_2)=8.23±0.16 and IE(LaO_2)=8.11±0.35. The differences between these values and estimates in the literature are discussed by considering the nature of the bonding in MO_2 and MO^+_2.
Decreased plasma taurine in aged rats.

Taurine (TAU) is thought to be a neuromodulator or an inhibitory neurotrans-mitter in the mammalian brain. In the periphery, TAU is involved in a wide spectrum of physiological functions. One of the m
Calculating the welfare costs of import restrictions in the imperfect substitutes model

This paper supplies equations for partial-equilibrium calculations of the welfare effects of tariffs and quotas when the imported good and the competing domestic good are imperfect substitutes in demand. The equations take into account the response of the price of the domestic substitute. Although other studies have acknowledged this response, they have failed to account for it in their welfare calculations. To demonstrate the importance of this response, it is shown how it affects the calculations for the welfare costs of tariffs and quotas on US imports of footwear. It is shown that ignoring the response of domestic prices leads to significant overstatement of the welfare costs of tariffs and significant understatement of the welfare costs of quotas for the industry.
Broiler Farm Labor Efficiency Analysis of the 1950 to 1990 Period in Georgia

Abstract The purpose of this research was to evaluate the improvements in broiler farm labor efficiency by periods as the broiler industry evolved from small farm flock production to large commercial size operations from 1950 to 1990. Published results from studies made during the early years of this period showed labor requirements as great as 53 h per 1,000 birds in 1956 and 25 h per 1,000 birds in 1968. Farm labor requirements and production rates obtained by personal interview surveys during the period from 1975–1990 showed average labor requirements as low as 2.6 h per 1,000 birds by 1990 on large farms equipped for high efficiency in 1990. These results reflected faster broiler growth rates to heavier market weights combined with faster work rates from labor-saving mechanical equipment and efficiencies from large farms. This allows one person to operate flocks of 100,000 to 200,000 per batch with only part-time assistance rather than the 50,000 to 60,000 maximum of the 1970s.
Interactive, topic-based visual text summarization and analysis

We are building an interactive, visual text analysis tool that aids users in analyzing a large collection of text. Unlike existing work in text analysis, which focuses either on developing sophisticated text analytic techniques or inventing novel visualization metaphors, ours is tightly integrating state-of-the-art text analytics with interactive visualization to maximize the value of both. In this paper, we focus on describing our work from two aspects. First, we present the design and development of a time-based, visual text summary that effectively conveys complex text summarization results produced by the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. Second, we describe a set of rich interaction tools that allow users to work with a created visual text summary to further interpret the summarization results in context and examine the text collection from multiple perspectives. As a result, our work offers two unique contributions. First, we provide an effective visual metaphor that transforms complex and even imperfect text summarization results into a comprehensible visual summary of texts. Second, we offer users a set of flexible visual interaction tools as the alternatives to compensate for the deficiencies of current text summarization techniques. We have applied our work to a number of text corpora and our evaluation shows the promise of the work, especially in support of complex text analyses.
Changes in the family status of elderly women in Korea.

As a result of sharp declines in fertility and mortality, the aging of the Korean population has proceeded rapidly and is likely to continue in full force for some time. In societies such as Korea, where families traditionally have been the only efficient source of support for the elderly, an aging population poses a threat because families have fewer descendants available to care for increasing numbers of surviving elderly persons. The exact magnitude of the reduction in the supply of kin depends on details of the demographic trends and cannot be evaluated a priori. In this paper we use family-status life tables to assess the effects of changes in demographic processes on the family status of elderly women and to project trends in elderly women’s family status.
EXAFS Characterization of the Intermediate X Generated During the Assembly of the Escherichia coli Ribonucleotide Reductase R2 Diferric Tyrosyl Radical Cofactor

The assembly of the essential diferric cluster/tyrosyl radical cofactor of the R2 subunit of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase from apoR2 with Fe2+ and O2 or diferrous R2 with O2 has been s...
Energetics of Bulk and Nano-Akaganeite, β-FeOOH: Enthalpy of Formation, Surface Enthalpy, and Enthalpy of Water Adsorption

Akaganeite, β-FeOOH, is a commonly occurring ferric mineral in the environment and is a sorbent, ion exchanger, and catalyst. It is often fine-grained (nanophase) and frequently contains excess water. Its enthalpy of formation was studied by solution calorimetry in aqueous HCl. The enthalpy of water adsorption was studied by a new calorimetric technique combining a Calvet microcalorimeter and an automated gas dosing system, used for surface adsorption measurements. Akaganeite samples with surface areas of 30−280 m2/g were used. Sample characterization was performed by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Surface enthalpy and enthalpy of water adsorption are reported for the first time. By adsorbing water, akaganeite decreases its effective surface enthalpy from 0.44 J/m2 to 0.34 J/m2. The enthalpy of formation of akaganeite can vary by 10−12 kJ/mol as...
Software cybernetics to infuse adaptation intelligence in networked systems

Future network systems are expected to have various levels of adaptation capabilities: at parametric level, service-level, and application-level. These capabilities are often realized in multiple system layers, with the control logic needed for a specific capability residing in the application agents interfacing with the underlying network system services. We employ a software cybernetics approach, where an intelligent physical system module (IPW) embodies the core adaptation functionality to respond to the changing environment conditions and user inputs. The IPW exhibits an intelligent behavior over a limited operating region of the system. And, it is augmented by a supervisory module (ICW) that houses external feedback loops for situational assessment of the changing environment conditions. Our autonomic management of various hierarchical control loops comes under the ambit of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The ICW patches the IPW with suitable control parameters and rules/procedures when the system operating conditions change. The paper illuminates our concept of IPW with a software engineering-oriented case study of multi-source video transfer over a bandwidth-limited network path.
Intensive Short Term Measurements of the Ambient Aerosol in the Greater Cincinnati Airshed.

As part of a larger study undertaken in the Greater Cincinnati area to determine if diesel truck emissions are adjuvant to naturally occurring bioaerosols in the initiation of allergies in children, a more detailed intensive measurement campaign was undertaken to elucidate the characteristics of the ambient aerosol and compare to the regular, integrated measurements being conducted. The mass concentration, total number concentration, size distributions, and morphologies were established at several locations including a residential area far from major traffic (Mernic), a suburban area on both sides of a major highway (I-275, Blue Ash), a site in the city center very close to the highway (I-75, Findlay), and an enclosed oval track at a Truck Driving School. Differences between real-time tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) average mass concentrations and integrated Harvard impactor (HI) measurements were observed, with the magnitude of the difference being dependent on location and the organic co...
Isolation and characterization of an evolutionary precursor of human monoamine oxidases A and B

An interesting flavoprotein-type monoamine oxidase (MAO) was recently isolated from Aspergillus niger and cloned [Schilling, B. & Lerch, K. (1995a) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1243, 529-537; Schilling, B. & Lerch, K. (1995b) Mol. Gen. Genet. 247, 430-438]. The properties of this MAO, as well as a substantial part of its amino acid sequence, resemble those of both MAO A and B from higher animals, raising the possibility that it may be an evolutionary precursor of these mitochondrial enzymes. It differs from MAO A and B in several respects, however, including the fact that it is soluble and of peroxisomal location and that the FAD is non-covalently attached. We have overexpressed the fungal enzyme (MAO-N) in Escherichia coli and isolated it in pure form. Since several of the observations of previous workers on MAO-N could not be reproduced, we have reexamined its substrate specificity, interaction with reversible and irreversible inhibitors and other catalytic and molecular properties. MAO-N has a considerably higher turnover number on many aliphatic and aromatic amines than either form of the mammalian enzyme. Some aspects of the substrate specificity resemble those of MAO B, while others are similar to MAO A, including biphasic kinetics in double reciprocal plots. Contrary to a previous report [Schilling, B. & Lerch, K. (1995a) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1243, 529-537], however, the fungal enzyme does not oxidize serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine or other biogenic amines. MAO-N is irreversibly inhibited by stoichiometric amounts of both (-)deprenyl and clorgyline in a mechanism-based reaction, forming flavocyanine adducts with N5 of the FAD, like the mammalian enzymes, but inactivation is much faster with clorgyline than deprenyl, suggesting a closer resemblance to MAO A than B. The dissociation constants for a large number of reversible competitive inhibitors have been determined for MAO-N and comparison with similar values for MAO A and B again pointed to a greater similarity to the former than the latter.
Reliable change and minimum important difference (MID) proportions facilitated group responsiveness comparisons using individual threshold criteria.

Abstract Objective This study contrasted the use of responsiveness indices at the group level vs. individual patient level. Study Design and Setting We followed a cohort of 211 patients (50% male; mean age 47.5 years; SD 14) with musculoskeletal upper extremity problems for a total of 3 months. Outcome measures included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). We calculated confidence intervals on various group-level responsiveness statistics based on effect size and correlation with global change. The proportion of patients exceeding the minimum detectable change (or reliable change proportion) and minimum important difference (MID proportion) were included as indices applicable to the individual patient. Results For the DASH, effect size ranged from 1.06 to 1.67 for various patient subgroups, and the reliable change and MID proportions indicated that 50%–70% of individuals exhibited change based on individual change scores. Only the SRM and reliable change proportion indicated differences among the outcome measures used in this study. Conclusion The reliable change and MID proportions have an intuitive interpretation and facilitate quantitative responsiveness comparisons among outcome measures based on individual patient criteria.