cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inferential emotion tracking (IET) reveals the critical role of context in emotion recognition.

The ability to recognize others' emotions is critical for social interactions. It is widely assumed that recognizing facial expressions predominantly determines perceived categorical emotion, and contextual information only coarsely modulates or disambiguates interpreted faces. Using a novel method, inferential emotion tracking, we isolated and quantified the contribution of visual context versus face and body information in dynamic emotion recognition. Even when faces and bodies were blurred out in muted videos, observers inferred the emotion of invisible characters accurately and in high agreement based solely on visual context. Our results further show that the presence of visual context can override interpreted emotion categories from face and body information. Strikingly, we find that visual context determines perceived emotion nearly as much and as often as face and body information does. Visual context is an essential and indispensable element of emotion recognition: Without context, observers can misperceive a person's emotion over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Severe Thrombocytopenia in a Pregnant Patient with Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Thrombocytopenia occurs in one-third of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and can indicate the severity of disease and may also increase the bleeding risk of performing invasive procedures. We present a pregnant patient with COVID-19 infection with the lowest platelet count described in the literature to date. The patient presented in labor at 38 weeks gestation with no other symptoms and was found to be positive on routine COVID-19 testing. The routine complete blood count upon admission was significant for a platelet count of 6 x 109/L which was rechecked and resulted in a platelet count of 8 x 109/L. The etiology of her thrombocytopenia was not clear prior to delivery as preeclampsia with severe features and lupus exacerbation were also possibilities that were considered. However, after delivery it became apparent that COVID-19 likely had a significant impact contributing to her severe thrombocytopenia. Her care was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage resulting in massive transfusion. This case highlights the importance of evaluating platelet count and coagulation status in COVID-19 patients, even if asymptomatic.
Full Circle Recycling of Polysiloxanes via Room-Temperature Fluoride-Catalyzed Depolymerization to Repolymerizable Cyclics

Siloxane-based polymeric materials are widely used all over the world because of their chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability and due to their low toxicity. Despite their usefulness, the high ...
O-GlcNAcylation Is Essential for Rapid Pomc Expression and Cell Proliferation in Corticotropic Tumor Cells

Pituitary adenomas have a staggering 16.7% lifetime prevalence and can be devastating in many patients because of profound endocrine and neurologic dysfunction. To date, no clear genomic or epigenomic markers correlate with their onset or severity. Herein, we investigate the impact of the O-GlcNAc posttranslational modification in their etiology. Found in more than 7000 human proteins to date, O-GlcNAcylation dynamically regulates proteins in critical signaling pathways, and its deregulation is involved in cancer progression and endocrine diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAc enzymes were upregulated, particularly in aggressive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting tumors, suggesting a role for O-GlcNAcylation in pituitary adenoma etiology. In addition to the demonstration that O-GlcNAcylation was essential for their proliferation, we showed that the endocrine function of pituitary adenoma is also dependent on O-GlcNAcylation. In corticotropic tumors, hypersecretion of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived hormone ACTH leads to Cushing disease, materialized by severe endocrine disruption and increased mortality. We demonstrated that Pomc messenger RNA is stabilized in an O-GlcNAc-dependent manner in response to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH). By affecting Pomc mRNA splicing and stability, O-GlcNAcylation contributes to this new mechanism of fast hormonal response in corticotropes. Thus, this study stresses the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in ACTH-secreting adenomas' pathophysiology, including cellular proliferation and hypersecretion.
Importance of Decision Support Implementation in Emergency Department Vancomycin Dosing

Introduction: The emergency department (ED) plays a critical role in the management of life-threatening infection. Prior data suggest that ED vancomycin dosing is frequently inappropriate.The objective is to assess the impact of an electronic medical record (EMR) intervention designed to improve vancomycin dosing accuracy, on vancomycin dosing and clinical outcomes in critically ill ED patients. Methods: Retrospective before-after cohort study of all patients (n=278) treated with vancomycin in a 60,000-visit Midwestern academic ED (March 2008 and April 2011) and admitted to an intensive care unit. The primary outcome was the proportion of vancomycin doses defined as “appropriate” based on recorded actual body weight. We also evaluated secondary outcomes of mortality and length of stay. Results: The EMR dose calculation tool was associated with an increase in mean vancomycin dose ([14.1±5.0] vs. [16.5±5.7] mg/kg, p<0.001) and a 10.3% absolute improvement in first-dose appropriateness (34.3% vs. 24.0%, p=0.07). After controlling for age, gender, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score, 28-day in-hospital mortality (odds ratio OR 1.72; 95% CI [0.76-3.88], p=0.12) was not affected. Conclusion: A computerized decision-support tool is associated with an increase in mean vancomycin dose in critically ill ED patients, but not with a statistically significant increase in therapeutic vancomycin doses. The impact of decision-support tools should be further explored to optimize compliance with accepted antibiotic guidelines and to potentially affect clinical outcome.
Differential benefits derived from decision support tools for domain novices versus experts

There is a commonly perceived need for decision support systems and other computer tools to support practitioners working in complex problem solving domains. These practitioners are frequently domain experts. However, very few such tools are actually adopted in the workplace. Users often perceive them to require too much work to justify the benefits derived. In this work, we 1) examine differences in the quantity and type of benefits derived by domain novices and experts from a specific decision support system, and 2) discuss how understanding of these differential benefits can help system developers to select a target user group, select appropriate DSS strategies to meet the needs of this user group, and where to focus development efforts.
An Approach to Nearest Neighbor Analysis of Membrane Proteins APPLICATION TO THE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE OF A METHOD EMPLOYING CLEAVABLE CROSS-LINKAGES

Abstract In experiments on isolated human erythrocyte membranes, cross-links between protein components have been produced both by the catalyzed oxidation of intrinsic sulfhydryl groups with the o-phenanthroline cupric ion complex and by reaction with dimethyl dithiobispropionimidate, a bisalkylimidate containing a disulfide linkage between the two reactive groups. The mixture of molecular species has been analyzed by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis procedure in which the cross-links are split by reductive cleavage during an initial phase of the separation in the second dimension. Cross-linked complexes are recognized by the positions of the off-diagonal elements in the final pattern. Complexes apparently derived from stable oligomers of peptides of the same molecular weight have been found corresponding to many of the bands in the standard sodium dodecyl sulfate gel pattern. Heterocomplexes formed from peptides of different molecular weight have been tentatively identified in a few instances but are less common than oligomers from single bands. In addition cross-linking yields very high molecular weight complexes of spectrin and many of the lower molecular weight protein components of the membrane. The observed cross-linking patterns are consistent with the picture of transmembrane and cytoplasmic surface components anchored to the submembrane network of spectrin fibers. The cross-linking patterns of broken ghosts and intact cells treated with these membrane-permeable reagents are almost identical except for the addition of hemoglobin complexes in the latter.
Coccidioides Immitis in AIDS Patients

Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection endemic to parts of the southwestern United States and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere (Bronnimann and Galgiani, 1989). In most patients, Coccidioides immitis produces relatively minor and transient symptoms typical of a subacute respiratory illness that may not even need medical attention. Occasionally, such early infections are identified by seeing characteristic spherules in respiratory secretions, recovering C. immitis in culture, or detecting highly specific anticoccidioidal antibodies in a patient’s serum. For this stage of infection, treatment is not required to resolve the illness if the patient is otherwise healthy.
Di‐tert‐Butyl Methylenemalonate

Di-tert-butyl methylenemalonate product: Di-tert-butyl methylenemalonate Keywords: addition, to CO; acetic acid; formaldehyde
Direct reconstruction of spherical harmonics from interferometer observations of the cosmic microwave background polarization

Interferometric observation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization can be expressed as a linear sum of spherical harmonic coefficients a±2,lm of the CMB polarization. The linear weight for a±2,lm depends on the observational configuration such as antenna pointing, baseline orientation and spherical harmonic number l, m. Since an interferometer is sensitive over a finite range of multipoles, a±2,lm in the range can be determined by fitting a±2,lm for visibilities of various observational configurations. The formalism presented in this paper enables the determination of a±2,lm directly from spherical harmonic spaces without spherical harmonic transformation of pixellized maps. The result of its application to a simulated observation is presented with the formalism.
Choosing A Coalition Partner: Mass Preferences and Elite Decisions in West Germany

In political systems governed by coalitions of parties, popular representation greatly hinges on the extent to which elite political actors heed the coalition preferences of the mass public in their coalition behavior. This article examines elite responsiveness of this type in the German Federal Republic during the 1961–1976 period. The coalition preferences of the German public are shown to favor heavily the party coalitions formed by party elites. While this may hint at popular influence, the probing of change in coalition preferences demonstrates that influence occurs in the reverse direction. That is, most voters attached to one of the major parties (SPD or CDU/CSU), adopt the coalition decisions of their party's leaders as their own preferences. These leaders, as a result, enjoy great leeway in their coalition behavior. However, voters aligned with the third party (FDP) prove far less obliging toward their party leaders. The behavior of these voters, ironically, preserves some leverage at the mass le...
Comparison of Precipitation and Extrography in the Fractionation of Crude Oil Residua

Four different crude oilsArab Heavy (AH), Arab Berri (AB), Alaskan North Slope (ANS), and San Joaquin Valley (SJV)were characterized by separating the crudes into compound classes by two different fractionation methodsextrography (ext) and asphaltene precipitation followed by extrographic isolation of the resins (ppt + ext). The fractions derived from these two methods of separation were characterized and compared in order to determine the most complete and discriminating compositional analysis for subsequent use in studies concerning the stability of emulsions or sludges which are produced by these crudes in refinery processing. The resin and asphaltene fractions are of primary interest due to their polar, surface-active nature, the central role these fractions play in stabilizing emulsions and sludges, and their resulting influence on crude processability. Preparatory-scale separations were developed and utilized to provide sufficient amounts of the polar fractions of these crudes for further studies. T...
Modulated optical transmission of subwavelength hole arrays in metal-VO2 films

We demonstrate the modulation of the transmission of near-infrared light through a periodic array of subwavelength apertures in Ag–VO2 and Au–VO2 double-layer films using the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition in VO2. The transmitted intensity ratio increases by a factor of 8 as the VO2 goes from the semiconductor to the metal phase. We attribute this modulation to the switchable dielectric-permittivity contrast between the air-filled holes in the array and the surrounding VO2 material, a conjecture that is semiquantitatively confirmed by simulation.
Reconfigurable reflectarray with variable height patch elements: design and fabrication

A fabricated reflectarray design has been presented showing the possibility of using elements of various heights to design reflectarray systems with steerable beams. A static prototype has been fabricated to show the technique. MEMS technology can be used to manufacture elements that have variable heights which can be used to continuously shift the re-radiated phase, steering the main beam of the antenna.
Coherent Absorption and Emission Processes of Energetic Particles Penetrating Crystals

Swift charged particles moving through an ordered array of atoms in a crystal experience periodic perturbations which can give rise to coherent absorption or emission of photons. Indeed the phenomenon of coherent bremsstrahlung arising from ultrarelativistic electron penetration of crystals has been studied for many years.1 The complexity of the Fourier components of the electric field experienced by the particle is greatly reduced if the direction of motion lies along a crystal axis or in a crystal plane. Here, however, the motion of the particle may be governed by correlated collisions with the atomic rows or planes and the particle is said to be “channeled.” In this case another periodicity is involved in the motion and transitions between bound states in the transverse motion can lead to radiation of another type which has been dubbed “channeling radiation.”
RNA in situ hybridization in whole mount embryos and cell histology adapted for marine elasmobranchs.

Marine elasmobranchs are valued animal models for biomedical and genomic studies as they are the most primitive vertebrates to have adaptive immunity and have unique mechanisms for osmoregulation 1-3. As the most primitive living jawed-vertebrates with paired appendages, elasmobranchs are an evolutionarily important model, especially for studies in evolution and development. Marine elasmobranchs have also been used to study aquatic toxicology and stress physiology in relationship to climate change 4. Thus, development and adaptation of methodologies is needed to facilitate and expand the use of these primitive vertebrates to multiple biological disciplines. Here I present the successful adaptation of RNA whole mount in situ hybridization and histological techniques to study gene expression and cell histology in elasmobranchs. Monitoring gene expression is a hallmark tool of developmental biologists, and is widely used to investigate developmental processes 5. RNA whole mount in situ hybridization allows for the visualization and localization of specific gene transcripts in tissues of the developing embryo. The expression pattern of a gene's message can provide insight into what developmental processes and cell fate decisions a gene may control. By comparing the expression pattern of a gene at different developmental stages, insight can be gained into how the role of a gene changes during development. While whole mount in situ's provides a means to localize gene expression to tissue, histological techniques allow for the identification of differentiated cell types and tissues. Histological stains have varied functions. General stains are used to highlight cell morphology, for example hematoxylin and eosin for general staining of nuclei and cytoplasm, respectively. Other stains can highlight specific cell types. For example, the alcian blue stain reported in this paper is a widely used cationic stain to identify mucosaccharides. Staining of the digestive tract with alcian blue can identify the distribution of goblet cells that produce mucosaccharides. Variations in mucosaccharide constituents on short peptides distinguish goblet cells by function within the digestive tract 6. By using RNA whole mount in situ's and histochemical methods concurrently, cell fate decisions can be linked to gene-specific expression. Although RNA in situ's and histochemistry are widely used by researchers, their adaptation and use in marine elasmobranchs have met limited and varied success. Here I present protocols developed for elasmobranchs and used on a regular basis in my laboratory. Although further modification of the RNA in situ's hybridization method may be needed to adapt to different species, the protocols described here provide a strong starting point for researchers wanting to adapt the use of marine elasmobranchs to their scientific inquiries.
POSTOPERATIVE CHRONIC PAIN AND BLADDER DYSFUNCTION: WINDUP AND NEURONAL PLASTICITY-DO WE NEED A MORE NEUROUROLOGICAL APPROACH IN PELVIC SURGERY?

AbstractPurpose: Cases of combined symptoms of dysfunctional voiding and associated pelvic discomfort are difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Surgical solutions not uncommonly fail to relieve those symptoms. We determine why these symptoms persist postoperatively.Materials and Methods: Four cases of ureteral injury during gynecological laparoscopic procedures for pelvic/menstrual pain are presented. The cases are reviewed for their severity and similarity in presenting symptoms, complications and long-term consequences.Results: In all cases light pain symptoms and/or dysfunctional voiding problems that existed before the initial surgery escalated severely after corrective pelvic surgery.Conclusions: There are established *neurophysiological mechanisms that would explain the observed increase in pain after surgical manipulation of the pelvis. Windup and changes in neuronal plasticity are direct consequences of wounding and/or neural injury to the central nervous system. These principles are im...
Imaging living hair cells within the cochlear epithelium of mice using two-photon microscopy

Mice are an excellent model for studying mammalian hearing and transgenic mouse models of human hearing loss are commonly available for research. However, the mouse cochlea is substantially smaller than other animal models routinely used to study cochlear physiology. This makes the study of their hair cells difficult. We developed a novel methodology to optically image calcium within living hair cells left undisturbed within the excised mouse cochlea. Fresh cochleae were harvested, left intact within their otic capsule bone, and glued upright in a recording chamber. The bone overlying the region of the cochlear epithelium to be studied was opened and Reissner's membrane was incised. A fluorescent indicator was applied to the preparation to image intracellular calcium. A custom-built upright two-photon microscope was used to image the preparation using three dimensional scanning. We were able to image about 1/3 of a cochlear turn simultaneously, in either the apical or basal regions. Within one hour of animal sacrifice, we found that outer hair cells demonstrated increased fluorescence compared with surrounding supporting cells. Thus, this methodology can be used to visualize hair cell calcium changes and mechanotransduction over a region of the epithelium. Because the epithelium is left within the cochlea, dissection trauma is minimized and artifactual changes in hair cell physiology are reduced.
The inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase in vitro and in isolated hepatocytes by 4-substituted pyrazoles☆

Abstract As a means of comparing the functional properties of an enzyme in dilute solution in vitro with those for the same enzyme acting in its normal cellular environment, a study was conducted with 4-substituted pyrazoles as inhibitors of rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase in vitro and ethanol oxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes. Inhibitor constants (Ki's) for the same set of pyrazole derivatives were also determined for human liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The best-fitting equations were derived to relate the Ki's to the chemical nature of substituents. These quantitative structure-activity relationships show that pyrazoles with stronger electron-withdrawing substituents are weaker inhibitors both for the enzyme in vitro and, to an equal extent, for ethanol oxidation by intact cells. Inhibitor effectiveness is also dependent on substituent hydrophobicity, but, while increasing hydrophobicity makes stronger inhibitors of the enzyme in vitro, it can diminish the effectiveness in vivo by decreasing permeability through the cell membrane. A structure-activity analysis of published Ki's for pyrazoles acting against human π-ADH indicates that its active site differs from those in other alcohol dehydrogenases.
Encroachment of Exotic Rainbow Trout into Stream Populations of Native Brook Trout in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Abstract Since 1900, the distribution of native brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis has shrunk in the southern Appalachian Mountains area. Initial reductions were caused by logging and heavy fishing pressure but, in later years, encroachment by exotic rainbow trout Salma gairdneri may have contributed. Historical and current field evidence supports the hypothesis that the modern contraction of the brook trout's range is due to encroachment by rainbow trout. In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee-North Carolina, brook trout formerly occurred from headwaters to low-gradient streams near the park boundary. They retain this longitudinal distribution in a few streams today, but only in those lacking rainbow trout. The typical pattern in other streams is for allopatric brook trout to be in upper stream reaches, allopatric rainbow trout in lower reaches, and a zone of sympatry (up to about 3.2 km long) between the two pure populations. Few age-0 rainbow trout occur in zones of sympatry unless adult broo...
An Intramolecular Diels−Alder Approach to the Eunicellins: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Ophirin B and Astrogorgin

The enantioselective syntheses of the eunicellins ophirin B and astrogorgin have been completed. Ring-closing metatheses provide efficient access to the oxonene rings, and highly diastereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions resulted in the formation of the hydrobenzofuran portion of the molecules.
Optimal dithering of focal plane arrays in passive millimeter-wave imaging

Passive millimeter-wave imagery has tremendous potential for imaging in adverse conditions. However, poor resolution and long acquisition times pose serious limitations to this potential. Therefore, an important issue is the optimization of the sampling pattern. Ordinarily, a focal plane sensor array has sensors placed in a rectangular grid pattern at sub-Nyquist density, and the array must be dithered to sample the image plane at the Nyquist density in each dimension. However, the Nyquist density oversamples the image due to the usually circular support of the diffraction-limited image spectrum. We develop an efficient algorithm for optimizing the dithering pattern so that the image can be reconstructed as reliably as possible from a periodic nonuniform set of samples, which can be obtained from a dithered rectangular-grid array. Taking into account the circular frequency support of the image, we sequentially eliminate the least informative array recursively until the minimal number of arrays remain. The resulting algorithm can be used as a tool in exploring the optimal image acquisition strategy.
The effects of amnioinfused solutions for meconium-stained amniotic fluid on neonatal plasma electrolyte concentrations and pH.

The Effects of Amnioinfused Solutions for Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid on Neonatal Plasma Electrolyte Concentrations and pH
High efficiency screen‐printed EFG Si solar cells through rapid thermal processing‐induced bulk lifetime enhancement

This paper shows that one second (1 s) firing of Si solar cells with screen-printed Al on the back and SiN x anti-reflection coating on the front can produce a high quality Al-doped back-surface-field (Al-BSF) and significantly enhance SiN x -induced defect hydrogenation in the bulk Si. Open-circuit voltage, internal quantum efficiency measurements, and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy pictures on float-zone silicon cells revealed that 1 s firing in rapid thermal processing at 750°C produces just as good a BSF as 60s firing, indicating that the quality of Al-BSF region is not a strong function of RTP firing time at 750°C. Analysis of edge-defined film-fed grown (EFG) Si cells showed that short-term firing is much more effective in improving the hydrogen passivation of bulk defects in EFG Si. Average minority-carrier lifetime in EFG wafers improved from ∼3 to ∼33 ps by 60s firing but reached as high as 95μs with 1 s firing, resulting in 15.6% efficient screen-printed cells on EFG Si.
Anxiety sensitivity correlates with two indices of right anterior insula structure in specific animal phobia

Background: Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a dispositional trait involving fear of anxiety-related symptoms. Functional imaging research suggests that the activity of the anterior insular cortex, particularly the right insula, may both mediate AS and play a role in the pathophysiology of phobias. However, no imaging studies have examined whether AS relates to insula morphology. We examined whether AS was significantly correlated with right anterior insula volume and thickness among adults with specific animal phobia (SAP) and healthy comparison (HC) subjects. Methods: Nineteen adults with SAP and 20 demographically groupmatched HC subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 3Tesla. Subjects also completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). Regression and correlation analyses examined ASI scores in relation to anterior and posterior insular cortex volume and thickness within and across subject groups. Results: SAP subjects had significantly higher ASI scores than HC, but did not differ in terms of insula volumes or thickness. ASI scores predicted right anterior insula thickness in SAP but not HC subjects, and right anterior insula volume in the sample as a whole. Correlations of ASI scores with the anterior and posterior insula volume and thickness were not significant in either group. Conclusions :T hese findings suggest that the right anterior insular cortex size is a neural substrate of AS within specific phobia, rather than an independent diagnostic marker of the disorder. Future investigations should examine whether heightened AS represents a shared intermediate phenotype across anxiety disorders, manifesting functionally as increased insular reactivity and clinically as a fear of anxiety symptoms. Depression and Anxiety 27:1104–1110, 2010. r 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
De novo peptide sequencing using exhaustive enumeration of peptide composition

We introduce the use of a peptide composition lookup table indexed by residual mass and number of amino acids for de novo sequencing of polypeptides. Polypeptides of 1600 Daltons (Da) or more can be sequenced effectively through exhaustive compositional analysis of MS/MS spectra obtained by unimolecular decomposition (without CID) in a MALDI TOF/TOF despite a fragment mass accuracy of 50 mDa. Peaks are referenced against the lookup table to obtain a complete profile of amino acid combinations, and combinations are assembled into series of increasing length. Concatenating the differences between successive entries in compositional series yields peptide sequences that can be scored and ranked according to signal intensity. While the current work involves measurements acquired on MALDI TOF-TOF, such general treatment of the data anticipates extension to other types of mass analyzers.
Physical mechanisms of phonation onset: a linear stability analysis of an aeroelastic continuum model of phonation.

In an investigation of phonation onset, a linear stability analysis was performed on a two-dimensional, aeroelastic, continuum model of phonation. The model consisted of a vocal fold-shaped constriction situated in a rigid pipe coupled to a potential flow which separated at the superior edge of the vocal fold. The vocal fold constriction was modeled as a plane-strain linear elastic layer. The dominant eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the fluid-structure-interaction system were investigated as a function of glottal airflow. To investigate specific aerodynamic mechanisms of phonation onset, individual components of the glottal airflow (e.g., flow-induced stiffness, inertia, and damping) were systematically added to the driving force. The investigations suggested that flow-induced stiffness was the primary mechanism of phonation onset, involving the synchroniza-tion of two structural eigenmodes. Only under conditions of negligible structural damping and a restricted set of vocal fold geometries did flow-induced damping become the primary mechanism of phonation onset. However, for moderate to high structural damping and a more generalized set of vocal fold geometries, flow-induced stiffness remained the primary mechanism of phonation onset.
Network Composition, Social Integration, and Sense of Coherence in Chinese American Young Adults

Summary This investigation examined the network composition, social integration, and sense of coherence in a group of 353 Chinese American students at a public university. About half (55.5%) of the sample had a Chinese-only (ethnically same) network while the remainder had either ethnically and/or racially mixed networks. Late immigrants (arriving after age 12) were more likely to have close relationships with other Chinese only, and American-borns and early immigrants (arriving before or at age 12) were more likely to have non-Chinese Asian and non-Asian members in their network. Greater racial/ ethnic similarity among network members was associated with greater network integration. Individuals with a racially/ethnically mixed network enjoyed the highest sense of coherence, followed by those with an ethnically same network, and those with either a racially-same or mixed network reported the lowest sense of coherence. Altogether, the findings suggest ethnically/racially similar networks afford a sense of ...
Managing Variation in Explanation-Oriented Languages

This work considers the intersection of explanation-oriented language design and software variation management, two seemingly disparate research areas that turn out to be quite complementary. Successful explanations are often highly variable to adapt to the needs of a particular user, but this also makes them complex and unwieldy unless supported by a sound theory of variation.
Serum cortisol levels of juvenile bowfin, Amia calva: Effects of hypophysectomy, hormone replacement and environmental salinity☆

Abstract 1. 1. Circulating serum cortisol levels of juvenile A. calva in fresh water (0.49 ± 0.21 μg/100 ml) were found to be considerably lower than those values reported for teleosts. 2. 2. A. calva responded to cold-shock by elevating serum cortisol levels from 0.22 ± 0.13 μg/100 ml O mins post-shock to a maximum of 1.57 ±7 0.28 μg/100 ml 20 min post-shock. 3. 3. Hypophysectomy elevated circulating serum cortisol levels in fresh water. Prolactin injection caused a significant elevation of serum cortisol in hypophysectomized fish, while ACTH alone or in combination with prolactin lowered serum cortisol of hypophysectomized A. calva to levels similar to those found in sham-operated animals. Growth hormone in combination with prolactin lowered serum cortisol of hypophysectomized animals to non-detectable levels. 4. 4. Serum cortisol levels of sham-operated A. calva increased significantly in 20 and 24% seawater above freshwater values. Hypophysectomized fish in 20% seawater have significantly higher cortisol levels than sham-operated animals. Both groups (except one fish) had non-detectable serum cortisol levels in 5%, fresh water.
Biliary obstruction and host defense failure

Abstract To determine whether biliary obstruction impairs reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic function, the corrected plasma disappearance rate (α) of a blood flow-independent dose (16 mg/100 g body wt) of colloidal carbon was determined 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after ligation and division of the common hepatic duct in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Although α was not significantly different between control and obstructed animals at 3, 7, or 14 days, at 21 days α was significantly depressed in obstructed rats. Animals with biliary obstruction had a greater weight loss than controls between 14 and 21 days. Therefore, to eliminate malnutrition as a possible influence on RES phagocytosis, RES function studies were performed in animals with biliary obstruction and pair-fed, sham-operated controls. RES function was significantly depressed in obstructed animals (21 days) when compared to pair-fed, control animals. Splenectomy had a variable influence on RES activity. Although carbon clearance was not decreased in asplenic animals acutely (3 days), α of asplenic rats with biliary obstruction for 21 days was significantly depressed relative to asplenic, unobstructed controls. In addition, α in asplenic obstructed rats was significantly greater than in obstructed animals with intact spleens. Finally, mortality rate following intravenous administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin was increased in 21-day obstructed rats when compared to controls. We conclude that biliary obstruction of 21 days in the rat results in a significant depression of RES phagocytic function. RES dysfunction may result in impaired systemic bacterial clearance and is associated with decreased survival following E. coli endotoxemia.
Arteriotomy in children during cardiac catheterization

Abstract Most arterial complications occurring after arterial catheterization in children are related to errors in either judgment or technique. Technical problems can be minimized if adequate provision is made for (1) exposure, light and instruments, (2) assistance, (3) arteriotomy, (4) antegrade and retrograde flow, and (5) vessel closure. The major error in judgment is failure to recognize that absent or weakened distal pulses signify arterial obstruction.
Nanotechnology in cancer therapeutics: bioconjugated nanoparticles for drug delivery

Nanotechnology refers to the interactions of cellular and molecular components and engineered materials-typically, clusters of atoms, molecules, and molecular fragments into incredibly small particles-between 1 and 100 nm. Nanometer-sized particles have novel optical, electronic, and structural properties that are not available either in individual molecules or bulk solids. The concept of nanoscale devices has led to the development of biodegradable self-assembled nanoparticles, which are being engineered for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs and imaging contrast agents. Nanoconstructs such as these should serve as customizable, targeted drug delivery vehicles capable of ferrying large doses of chemotherapeutic agents or therapeutic genes into malignant cells while sparing healthy cells. Such "smart" multifunctional nanodevices hold out the possibility of radically changing the practice of oncology, allowing easy detection and then followed by effective targeted therapeutics at the earliest stages of the disease. In this article, we briefly discuss the use of bioconjugated nanoparticles for the delivery and targeting of anticancer drugs.
Psychogeriatric specialization in state mental hospitals: A nationwide survey

Despite deinstitutionalization and transinstitutionalization, psychogeriatric patients continue to be served in state mental hospitals. This paper reports data from a national survey of state hospitals describing the current status of geriatric services and specialists in these facilities. The data indicate that nearly three-quarters of hospitals serving elderly patients have geriatric units, but many hospitals, including those maintaining such units, have few or no psychogeriatric specialists. It is proposed that clinical training and education programs need to be expanded in order to meet the demand for specialists in this area.
Reaction time crossover with an interfering task

The present study investigated reaction time with and without tapping as an interfering task. 66 undergraduate students were instructed to press and hold a button when a stimulus disappeared from a computer screen, then release it as quickly as possible when it reappeared at the end of each preparatory interval, using the preferred hand. Lengths of preparatory intervals were either 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 25 sec. and occurred sometimes in a regular sequence of preparatory intervals of the same length and sometimes in an irregular randomly ordered sequence. Half of the participants were assigned to tap the tabletop with the forefinger of the nonpreferred hand throughout the task. A 2 x 6 x 2 analysis of variance showed significant effects for regularity, length of preparatory interval, and the interaction between regularity and length of preparatory interval. A significant main effect for tapping indicated that reaction times were slower in the tapping group. There were no significant interactions between tapping and other variables, indicating that the pattern of reaction times did not differ significantly between the two groups. Tapping produces a dual-task interference that increases reaction time similarly across different conditions.
An Evolutionary Examination of Telemedicine: A Health and Computer-Mediated Communication Perspective

Telemedicine, the use of advanced communication technologies in the healthcare context, has a rich history and a clear evolutionary course. In this paper, the authors identify telemedicine as operationally defined, the services and technologies it comprises, the direction telemedicine has taken, along with its increased acceptance in the healthcare communities. The authors also describe some of the key pitfalls warred with by researchers and activists to advance telemedicine to its full potential and lead to an unobstructed team of technicians to identify telemedicine's diverse utilities. A discussion and future directions section is included to provide fresh ideas to health communication and computer-mediated scholars wishing to delve into this area and make a difference to enhance public understanding of this field.
Imaging science contributions to equatorial aeronomy: Initial results from the MISETA program

Optical diagnostic techniques have been applied to studies of equatorial aeronomy for nearly half a century. The use of scanning photometers and two-dimensional imagers to observe the spatial patterns associated with low-latitude emissions has been an increasingly used approach during the last few decades. In this paper we review the rationale for the use of all-sky cameras at equatorial latitudes, with particular emphasis on the quantitative information about structures and dynamics that can be extracted from airglow images. The new imaging science instrument at Arequipa, Peru, constructed for the MISETA Program is used as a case study for such techniques. Results derived include: (a) occurrence patterns of several emission features, (b) onset and growth characteristics of airglow depletions associated with equatorial spread-F, (c) zonal plasma drifts and their altitude dependence, (d) gravity waves in the mesosphere, and (e) transient optical signatures of thermospheric dynamics associated with the midnight temperature maximum at low latitudes.
Surface and size effects on the electrical properties of Cu nanowires

Copper nanowires were patterned with e-beam lithography and fabricated with a copper film deposited by e-beam evaporation. Various electrical properties of these nanowires (including resistivity, temperature coefficient of resistance, and failure current density) were characterized. It was experimentally found that surface and size have apparent effects on the electrical properties. Smaller values for the temperature coefficient of resistance and higher failure current density were found for Cu nanowires with decreasing wire width. The experimental finding of width dependent failure current density also agrees with finding for theoretical heat transfer of the nanowire and substrate system as calculated with the finite element method.
Abstract 5439: Inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation of colon cancer cells by extracts from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and drumstick (Moringa oleifera)

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL In previous studies we have observed that several polyphenolic molecules can inhibit growth and induce the synthesis of differentiation markers in colon cancer cells. In the present work we have sought to determine if similar activity can be observed with methanolic and ethanolic extracts from okra and drumstick. In okra, phenolic molecules and antioxidant activity were associated primarily with the seeds, whereas in drumstick the seeds had lower concentrations of phenolics and antioxidant activity than skin, pulp and seed coat. In studies with okra extracts we have concentrated on the effects of seed extracts because they were generally most inhibitory for cell proliferation as judged by protein yield, thymidine incorporation into DNA and tetrazolium salt reduction. With extracts from drumstick the greatest inhibition of growth was generally with seed coat extracts but anomalous results were obtained in assays of tetrazolium salt reduction. Inhibition was greater at low concentrations but at high concentrations the apparent effect was reversed. Studies in the absence of cells showed that a component of the drumstick seed-coat extract reacted directly to reduce the tetrazolium salt. Comparison with other parts of the drumstick indicated that this reduction was much greater with the seed coat extract. Small effects on colon cancer cell differentiation have been seen with extracts of okra seed and with pulp and seed extract from drumstick as judged by induction of alkaline phosphatase activity. In the case of okra seed extracts this effect was additive with the action of butyrate. Okra and drumstick have had a role in traditional medicine and the present data are encouraging for further studies on potential cancer chemopreventive action. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5439. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5439
Theoretical investigation of the neuronal Na+ channel SCN1A: Abnormal gating and epilepsy

Epilepsy is a paroxysmal neurological disorder resulting from abnormal cellular excitability and is a common cause of disability. Recently, some forms of idiopathic epilepsy have been causally related to genetic mutations in neuronal ion channels. To understand disease mechanisms, it is crucial to understand how a gene defect can disrupt channel gating, which in turn can affect complex cellular dynamic processes. We develop a theoretical Markovian model of the neuronal Na+ channel NaV1.1 to explore and explain gating mechanisms underlying cellular excitability and physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of abnormal neuronal excitability in the context of epilepsy. Genetic epilepsy has been shown to result from both mutations that give rise to a gain of channel function and from those that reduce the Na+ current. These data may suggest that abnormal excitation can result from both hyperexcitability and hypoexcitability, the mechanisms of which are presumably distinct, and as yet elusive. Revelation of the molecular origins will allow for translation into targeted pharmacological interventions that must be developed to treat syndromes resulting from divergent mechanisms. This work represents a first step in developing a comprehensive theoretical model to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying runaway excitation that cause epilepsy.
GroEL Recognizes an Amphipathic Helix and Binds to the Hydrophobic Side.

GroEL is an essential Escherichia coli molecular chaperon that uses ATP to facilitate correct folding of a range of proteins in a cell. Central to the GroEL substrate diversity is how GroEL recognizes the substrates. The interaction between GroEL and substrate has been proposed to be largely hydrophobic because GroEL interacts with proteins in non-native conformations but not in native forms. Analysis of GroEL substrate proteins reveals that one of its main substrates are proteins with αβ folding domains, suggesting that GroEL may stabilize the collapsed αβ core by binding to hydrophobic surfaces that are usually buried between the α and β elements. In this study, we characterize the interaction between GroEL and a peptide derived from our previous selection via a phage display method. NMR studies map the peptide-binding site to the region containing Helices H and I, which is consistent with evidence that this region comprises the primary substrate-binding site. The peptide is largely unstructured in solution but adopts a helical conformation when bound to the GroEL apical domain with a moderate affinity (Kd = 17.1 ± 2.5 μm). The helical conformation aligns residues to form an amphipathic structure, and the hydrophobic side of this amphipathic helix interacts with GroEL as suggested by fluorescence quenching studies. Together with previous structural studies on the GroEL-peptide complexes, our work supports the notion that the amphipathic secondary elements in the substrate proteins may be the structural motif recognized by GroEL.
EFFECT OF HYPERVOLEMIA ON RATIO OF PULMONARY TO SYSTEMIC VASCULAR VOLUME.

ConclusionSince the L.L.H.V. remained a relatively constant percentage of total blood volume even when the latter was increased by an average of 46%, there was no selective storage of blood in the lungs. Thus the reservoir function of the lungs is equivalent to that of the systemic vascular bed as a whole. The lungs and the vascular system accommodated this large increase in volume without any evidence of inconvenience to the animal, and the right atrial pressure increased by only 5 mm of mercury (average value) 15 minutes after the last transfusion. This tolerance to hypervolemia was shown especially by the conscious dogs, who performed severe exercise as easily under these conditions as in the control state. Although the dextran infusions increased the L.L.H.V. and the filling pressure of the ventricles as much as blood, cardiac output increased in proportion with the decrease in hematocrit when dextran was used and was little changed when blood was used. Thus increases in L.L.H.V. are not necessarily a...
Early stages of accumulation in the solar nebula

Coagulation of grains in the solar nebula should result in formation of low-density aggregates with fractal structure. The opacity of the nebula remains much higher than computed for the assumption that particles are compact. Timescales for particle growth, settling to the central plane of the nebula, and formation of planetesimals are lengthened significantly.