cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Washer designs for SQUIDs with several junctions in a parallel array

We report on washer designs for superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) which include more than two Josephson junctions in a parallel array, and on calculations of the operating characteristics of such devices in the resistively-shunted junction model. Coupling of the operating current to the multi-junction device suppresses the voltage biased at constant current. The coupling decreases as the ratio of the mutual inductance between adjacent loops to the self inductance of a single loop approaches 0.5. In various washer designs, however, the practical limit for the ratio is no greater than about 0.4. At this value, the simulations indicate that significant reductions in voltage modulation occur for even a small number of junctions. Also, the flux responsivity increases with the number of junctions only slightly more rapidly than does the total loop area, so the sensitivity to a current in a coupling coil is nearly the same as that of a single-loop device. This trend may ultimately limit the usefulness of these devices. >
Effect of preprocessing on election in a complete network with a sense of direction

M.C. Loui et al. (1986) presented a distributed leader electron algorithm in a complete network with a sense of direction which requires less than 3.62N where N is the number of processors in the network. The authors show how the divide and conquer paradigm (i.e., preprocessing and postprocessing) can help lower the constant factor of 3.62 when N is composite (i.e., N=dN'). They present the effect of preprocessing for a set of values of d. >
The energy of a steady-state crack in a strip

Abstract W e calculate the total energy of a semi-infinite crack moving in a two-dimensional brittle-elastic strip. First we prove a virial theorem relating kinetic and potential energy. Second, we use the Wiener-Hopf technique to find the stress fields surrounding the crack. The energy is computed exactly. Almost all of the computation can be accomplished without carrying out the Wiener-Hopf decomposition explicitly. We describe a numerical technique by which to perform the Wiener-Hopf decomposition when needed. Finally, an adiabatic argument allows one to deduce an equation of motion for the crack. We show that energy flux to the tip must depend upon acceleration in our geometry, and compute the dependence explicitly.
Impact of Cyclin D1 A870G Polymorphism in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Tumorigenesis

The dramatically increased incidence and poor survival rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) underscore the need for novel targets useful for risk assessment and therapeutic intervention. Altered expression of cyclin D1 has been proposed as an early predictor for malignant transformation in EAC; however, the mechanisms underlying cyclin D1 deregulation have not been identified. A single nucleotide polymorphism, A870G, of the cyclin D1 gene has been associated with the preferential encoding of a protein with an extended half-life. We investigated the association of the cyclin D1 A870G polymorphism with cyclin D1 protein expression and clinical characteristics and outcome in 124 patients treated at our institution for EAC. Our results indicate that the cyclin D1 AA/AG genotype is associated with earlier age of cancer onset, cyclin D1 protein deregulation in the primary tumors, and increased frequency of distant metastasis. Our findings suggest that cyclin D1 status could be useful to assess risk of progression to EAC, and strategies directed to modulate cyclin D1 expression may prove useful for interventions to slow or interrupt the EAC tumorigenesis process.
The formation of sinkholes in karst mining areas in China and some methods of prevention

Mining of coal, lead and zinc, gold, and iron ore deposits in karst areas has been closely associated with sinkholes in China. Surface collapse causes an increase in mine water drainage and the possibility of major water inflow from karst aquifers, which threatens the environment in mining areas and endangers mine safety. The origin of such sinkholes is analyzed quantitatively in this paper and a combination of factors including soil weight, buoyancy, suffosion process and vacuum suction can contribute to surface subsidence. The key measures to prevent sinkholes in mining areas are to control the amount of mine drainage, reduce water-level fluctuation, seal off karst conduits and subsurface cavities in the overlying soil, prevent water inflow, and to increase gas pressure in the karst conduits.
Issues in parallel execution of non-monotonic reasoning systems

We explore the major issues involved in the automatic exploitation of parallelism from the execution models of logic-based non-monotonic reasoning systems. We describe orthogonal techniques to parallelize the computation of models of non-monotonic logic theories, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in prototypical implementation.
What naevus is dysplastic, a syndrome and the commonest precursor of malignant melanoma? A riddle and an answer

This assay examines critically the concept of 'dysplasia' as it applies to melanocytic neoplasia and concludes that the concept is flawed. Doubt is cast also upon the validity of the concepts of a dysplastic naevus and a dysplastic naevus syndrome. The author is of the view that most malignant melanomas arise de novo and not in pre-existing dysplastic naevi. Because so-called dysplastic naevi are considered by the author to be the commonest melanocytic naevi in man and devoid of nuclear atypia, he proposes that they be re-named 'common naevi' in the interest of simplicity, accuracy, and care of patients. Lastly, it is suggested that resolution of problems in the sphere of melanocytic neoplasia might be accomplished more readily were terms like dysplasia, dysplastic cells, dysplastic naevi, and the dysplastic naevus syndrome eschewed.
Support of personalized medicine through risk-stratified treatment recommendations - an environmental scan of clinical practice guidelines

Risk-stratified treatment recommendations facilitate treatment decision-making that balances patient-specific risks and preferences. It is unclear if and how such recommendations are developed in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Our aim was to assess if and how CPGs develop risk-stratified treatment recommendations for the prevention or treatment of common chronic diseases. We searched the United States National Guideline Clearinghouse for US, Canadian and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (United Kingdom) CPGs for heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes that make risk-stratified treatment recommendations. We included only those CPGs that made risk-stratified treatment recommendations based on risk assessment tools. Two reviewers independently identified CPGs and extracted information on recommended risk assessment tools; type of evidence about treatment benefits and harms; methods for linking risk estimates to treatment evidence and for developing treatment thresholds; and consideration of patient preferences. We identified 20 CPGs that made risk-stratified treatment recommendations out of 133 CPGs that made any type of treatment recommendations for the chronic diseases considered in this study. Of the included 20 CPGs, 16 (80%) used evidence about treatment benefits from randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses or other guidelines, and the source of evidence was unclear in the remaining four (20%) CPGs. Nine CPGs (45%) used evidence on harms from randomized controlled trials or observational studies, while 11 CPGs (55%) did not clearly refer to harms. Nine CPGs (45%) explained how risk prediction and evidence about treatments effects were linked (for example, applying estimates of relative risk reductions to absolute risks), but only one CPG (5%) assessed benefit and harm quantitatively and three CPGs (15%) explicitly reported consideration of patient preferences. Only a small proportion of CPGs for chronic diseases make risk-stratified treatment recommendations with a focus on heart disease and stroke prevention, diabetes and breast cancer. For most CPGs it is unclear how risk-stratified treatment recommendations were developed. As a consequence, it is uncertain if CPGs support patients and physicians in finding an acceptable benefit- harm balance that reflects both profile-specific outcome risks and preferences.
Permanent Crisis and Technosociality in Bruce Sterling's Distraction

Bruce Sterling's science fiction novel Distraction (1999) envisions a near-future (mid-twenty-first-century) US in which the economy has collapsed, entire categories of skilled and professional labor have ceased to exist, rampant and endemic joblessness leaves masses of the unemployed to survive on the margins as squatters and scavengers, the infrastructure of entire regions is in ruins (Louisiana is described as “underwater” and the West as “on fire”), and the ongoing crisis has enabled the proliferation of ad hoc governance structures (“State-of-Emergency cliques”), even as democratic institutions survive (just barely) in the eviscerated form of pure spectacle. In this world, where, as one character puts it, “money just doesn't need human beings anymore,” a significant portion of the population have opted out of the money economy altogether. Appropriating biotech that can fabricate nutrition from scrub grass and weeds, the novel's nomad proles live off roadside detritus, which they also use to fabricate the phones and laptops central to their wired, moneyless reputation economy. This paper addresses the relation in the novel between economic crisis, the demise of representational politics (what Slavoj Žižek calls the “divorce” of “capitalism and democracy”), and alternative forms of sociality, particularly in the figure of the nomad proles, and of the urban squatters described as practicing a kind of “digital socialism” in what were once the public spaces of government (Senate office buildings, for example). If the reversion to nomadism most emphatically signposts the dissolution of the social body in Distraction, Sterling's representation of the nomad communities also insists that disaggregation is not the same thing as disorganization. Quite the contrary, as one character notes of the nomads, “organization is the only thing they've got.” We are interested in the ways in which this networked form of belonging both does and does not decode as ethnicity, as well as the ways in which it orients the proles both to structures of authoritarian governance and to the (equally wired) edifice of corporate capital. Along related lines, we ask what kind of resistance to capitalism is imagined in a “digital socialism” where private property and the private sphere are “turned inside out” through rfid (radio frequency identification) tagging and ubiquitous mutual “sousveillance”? To what extent do the disruptive effects of new technologies, as embodied by both the nomad proles and the socialist squatters, represent a genuine political opportunity, and to what extent do they represent a technologically determinist fantasy of capitalist collapse without class struggle, in the spaces of newly mediated social possibility created by permanent crisis?
Can Ockham's Razor Cut through the Mind-body Problem? A Critical Analysis of the Raze Dualism Argument for Materialism.

Notes that the question of materialism's adequacy as a solution to the mind-body problem is important in psychology as fields supported by eliminative materialism (e.g. neuropsychology and sociobiology) aim to cannibalize psychology (E. O. Wilson, 1999). A common argument for adopting a materialistic worldview, termed the Raze Dualism argument in reference to Ockham's razor, is based on the principle of parsimony. It states that materialism is to be considered the superior solution to the mind-body problem because it is simpler than the dualist alternative. In this paper, a prominent version of this argument (P. Churchland, 1988) is critiqued via an analysis of each of its premises. Illustrative in general of the limitations of materialism, this argument is undermined by assumptions which do not withstand scrutiny. First, Ockham's razor is shown to be a problematic principle. Second, the question of empirical superiority or equality is unresolved. Finally, there are other alternatives to materialism that are equally parsimonious, such as idealism. The result of the argument is to reopen the case for idealism and dualism and to force the issue to be determined on other grounds.
US Financial Debt Crisis: A Stochastic Optimal Control Approach

The financial crisis was precipitated by the mortgage crisis. A whole structure of financial derivatives was based upon the ultimate debtors, the mortgagors. Insofar as the mortgagors were unable to service their debts, the values of the derivatives fell. The financial intermediaries whose assets and liabilities were based upon the value of derivatives were very highly leveraged. Changes in the values of their net worth were large multiples of changes in asset values. A cascade was precipitated by the mortgage defaults. In this manner, the mortgage debt crisis turned into a financial crisis. The crucial variable is the optimal debt of the real estate sector, which depends upon the capital gain and the interest rate. I apply the Stochastic Optimal Control (SOC) analysis to derive the optimal debt. Two models of the stochastic process on the capital gain and interest rate are presented. Each implies a different value of the optimal debt/net worth. I derive an upper bound of the optimal debt ratio, based upon the alternative models. An empirical measure of the excess debt: actual less the upper bound of the optimal ratio, is shown to be an early warning signal (EWS) of the debt crisis.
Effect of Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia on behavior and physiologic responses of calves during high ambient environmental temperatures

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pneumonia during conditions of high (maximum ≥ 32°C) ambient temperatures on physiological and behavioral responses of calves. Eighteen black beef heifers averaging 240 kg were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: 1) pneumonia induced by bronchoselective endoscopic inoculation with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH; n = 10) and 2) noninoculated controls (CN; n = 8). Nasal passage and rectal temperatures were measured every 2 h for 24 h after challenge and then twice daily for 9 d. Accelerometers, pedometers, and positioning devices monitored cattle behavior within the pen for 9 d after challenge. Blood samples were collected on trial d 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 9 and were analyzed to determine the concentration of substance P, cortisol, haptoglobin, and metalloproteinase. All calves in the MH group were euthanized and necropsied on trial d 9. All MH calves became clinically ill postchallenge. A treatment × time interaction (P < 0.05) was evident for nasal and rectal temperatures, behavior, weight, and blood analysis. Rectal temperatures in MH were higher (P < 0.01) than CN during the period from 6 to 24 h after challenge. Conversely, nasal passage temperatures were less in MH calves compared with CN at 12 to 22 h after challenge. Calves in MH spent less time at the grain bunk, less time at the hay feeder, and more time lying down during the early pneumonia period compared with CN calves. Also, MH calves had significantly greater concentrations of blood biomarkers of pain (substance P) on d 0.5 (P < 0.01); stress (cortisol) on d 0.5 and 1 (P < 0.01); haptoglobin on d 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 7 (P < 0.01); and metalloproteinase on d 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.01) compared with CN calves. At necropsy, all MH calves had right cranioventral bronchopneumonia (median lung lesions = 6.8%). Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia caused significantly more changes in behavior and increased biomarkers during high (maximum ≥32°C) ambient temperatures compared with control calves. The results of this study may guide research in the development of objective assessment tools for management of cattle affected with bovine respiratory disease during extreme summer conditions.
THE BREAKING STRENGTH OF HEALING FRACTURES

1. A quantitative method is described and a basic curve developed, indicating the breaking strength of regenerating bone. 2. Strength first manifests itself by the sixth day and then increases rapidly to the twenty-first day. It was observed that the callus grew steadily larger during this time. 3. There is a period of decline in strength after the twenty-first day, during and following which time the callus decreases in size. 4. There is a secondary rise in strength from the thirty-third to the forty-fifth day. 5. A strength is attained on the twenty-first day which is comparable to that on the thirty-ninth, but a period of weakness exists between the two. 6. There is a direct-correlation between the results of this study and previously observed histological facts and clinical data.
The tide that lifts all focal boats: Asymmetric predictions of ascent and descent in rankings

In six studies, we find evidence for an upward mobility bias, or a tendency to predict that a rise in ranking is more likely than a decline, even in domains where motivation or intention to rise play no role. Although people cannot willfully change their height (Study 1), and geographical entities cannot willfully alter their temperature (Study 2), number of natural disasters (Study 3), levels of precipitation (Studies 4A and 4B), or chemical concentration (Study 5), subjects believed that each is more likely to rise than drop in ranking. This bias is due to an association between a ranking’s order and the direction of absolute change, and to the tendency to give considerable weight to a focal agent over non-focal agents. Because people generally expect change to be represented in terms of higher ranks, and because they tend to focus on specific, focal targets, they believe that any given target will experience a larger relative increase than other targets. We discuss implications for social policy.
Electrochemical vapor deposition of semiconductors from gas phase with a solid membrane cell.

We demonstrate the feasibility of semiconductor deposition via the electrochemical reduction of gaseous precursors by the use of an anhydrous proton-conducting membrane, the solid acid CsHSO4, at 165 °C. This membrane electrode assembly was operated within the oxidation of hydrogen on a porous Pt anode and the deposition of Si or Ge under bias at the cathode from chloride-based gaseous precursors; SiCl4 and GeCl4 in an Ar flow with a reduction potential over −1.0 V (vs RHE)
Laser-Solid Interaction and Dynamics of the Laser-Ablated Materials

Planar laser-induced fluorescence has been used to acquire time sequence images of ground-state, neutral Si and SiO during laser ablation of an Si target in vacuum and in the presence of a background gas at a fluence of 3-4 J/cm2. the SiO images, taken in air, strongly suggest that the observed SiO is created through reaction of silicon with oxygen at the contact front as the plume expands.
Uncertainty Maps for Seismic Images through Geostatistical Model Randomization

Much of the difficulties in characterizing complex reservoirs are related to the uncertainty associated with seismic interpretation. In this project, we examine two such sources: uncertainty in the velocity model, and ambiguities with expert interpretation due to conceptual geological uncertainty of reservoir structure. We address the first issue by presenting a geostatistical method for generating multiple velocity models to capture this uncertainty. We take this a step further by obtaining a set of migrated images using these multiple models, and build uncertainty maps based on local Euclidean and Procrustes distances between the migrated images. These uncertainty maps can aid an interpreter in deciding a) if certain structures actually are present in the image and b) the spatial placement of existing structures. An illustration to subsalt imaging is provided.
Translaminar screw fixation in the subaxial cervical spine: quantitative laminar analysis and feasibility of unilateral and bilateral translaminar virtual screw placement.

STUDY DESIGN Morphometric and volumetric analyses and virtual screw placement. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to (1) define the morphometric and volumetric dimensions of the laminae of C3-C7 and (2) analyze the feasibility of unilateral and bilateral translaminar screw placement at C3-C7. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous studies on translaminar screw fixation have primarily focused on upper cervical and thoracic fixation. Most studies have been conducted on the subaxial cervical vertebrae in the pediatric population and a few in the adult population. In this study, we used computed tomographic (CT) scans to calculate the spatial anatomical environment for translaminar screws at C3-C7. We also determined the feasibility of translaminar screw placement at C3-C7 for clinical applicability. METHODS Morphometric and volumetric analyses were performed on CT scans of the C3-C7 laminae in 25 male and 25 female patients. A total of 2000 morphometric and 1000 volumetric measurements were performed. The feasibility analysis was performed using unilateral and bilateral virtual screw placement via BrainLAB software (BrainLAB AG, Heimstetten, Germany) on the same CT scans. RESULTS Male patients had significantly (P 64%), and C3-C5 showed lower acceptance rates (<52%). C7 accepted bilateral placement at a high rate (96% men, 84% women). C3 and C6 accepted bilateral screws at low placement rates (8%-24%). C4 and C5 never accepted bilateral translaminar screw placement. CONCLUSION Subaxial cervical unilateral translaminar screw placement is a potentially safe and effective technique to use in conjunction with preoperative CT scanning for all vertebral levels. The same is true for bilateral placement at C7 but not at C3-C6. A prospective study to evaluate the long-term outcomes of translaminar fixation at all vertebral levels is currently underway.
Field leaching of alkaline copper quaternary-treated red pine lumber over 3 years: long-term dynamics

Alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ), a wood preservative, consists of copper oxide and quaternary ammonium compounds. Three red pine piles were monitored over 3 years to evaluate the dynamics of contaminant leaching from ACQ-treated and untreated lumber. There were small temporal changes in the volumetric leachate/rain ratio with the ACQ-treated lumber, while the volumetric ratio decreased across the 3 years with the untreated lumber, most likely due to considerable weathering that increased the capacity of the untreated lumber to absorb rain water. The average copper (Cu) concentration in leachate from the ACQ-treated lumber (4,033 μg/L) was much higher than that in leachate from the untreated lumber (87 μg/L) and rain (48 μg/L) in the first leaching year. Cu concentration in leachate from the ACQ-treated lumber in the second and third years decreased to 46–51% of that in the first year. There were significant seasonal decreases of Cu concentration in leachate from the ACQ-treated lumber, which were correlated to exposure time and meteorological parameters. ACQ-treatment did not affect leachate pH and concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds and chemical oxygen demand. There were insignificant temporal changes of leachate pH and concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved solids in leachate from both ACQ-treated and untreated lumber piles.
Implications of DOMA and the Supreme Court Ruling on Same-Sex Marriage for Spousal Benefits

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the implications of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and the Supreme Court ruling on same-sex marriage pertaining to spousal benefits. The focus is on same-sex marriage, not necessarily civil unions or registered domestic partnerships. Given this ruling; first, this chapter will identify issues of concern emanating from both sides of the debate on gay marriage that were presented to the Supreme Court. Second, implications after DOMA in regard to Medicaid and Medicare spousal protections; Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for the elderly, blind, and persons with disabilities; military and spousal benefits; immigration; and private employment issues and benefits are discussed. Implications for inheritance, power of attorney, and families of choice in hospital visitations and medical decision-making are dispersed throughout the discussion. The information presented in this chapter is intended to present information to help guide thinking and actions of service professionals.
Post Construction Quality Evaluation – A Manufacturer’s Use of the End User to Minimize Risk

A roofing manufacturer is motivated to increase accountability, minimize risk and differentiate themselves from other manufacturers to increase their sales. In order to achieve this, the manufacturer approached the research group to implement a warranty program that measures the performance information of their systems and applicators. The manufacturer submits a list of warranted jobs to the researchers, researchers perform a satisfaction check by calling the end users and report back to the manufacturer. Concepts utilized by the manufacturer include the use of warranty to ensure performance decreases risk, transparency is the best way to mitigate risk and risk can be mitigated before it happens. The research revealed that warranty program minimizes the risk for manufacturer and clients and helps differentiates the manufacturer by identifying end users that are not satisfied, applicators that are low performing, jobs that are leaking, customer retention rate and having a running log of satisfaction rating for every warranted job.
Compositional Models and Organizational Research: Application of a Mixture Model to Nonexperimental Data in the Context of CEO Pay

An emergent stream of research in management employs configurational and holistic approaches to understanding macro and micro phenomena. In this study, we introduce mixture models—a related class o...
Efficient X-band switched-mode microwave power amplifiers

The problem addressed in this paper is reduction of heat dissipation and improvement of dc power usage by increasing the power added efficiency (PAE) and drain efficiency (/spl eta/) of X-band power amplifiers (PAs) to above 60% and 70%, respectively. Adaptive PAs with dynamic biasing and impedance tuning are also discussed.
Stratified Leadership Components and Needs Within Public Rehabilitation

Leadership is a critical strategic variable within program management as a process that can motivate employees and influence agency performance. Specifically within the field of vocational rehabilitation (VR), there has been little study of the dynamics of leadership and how these influence the agency, employees, and clients. To date, much of the leadership-related research has focused on clinical supervision, yet there remains a need to continue to build the supervision literature base and to broaden the view of leadership to include the conventional strata found in VR agencies: administration, supervision, and direct service (aspiring leaders) levels. The current study outlines a more comprehensive model of leadership within state VR agencies and then explores administrator’s perceptions of important leadership components, needs for further development, and expected vacancies at each level. The findings reveal expectations of high turnover among senior leader positions over the next 5 years, specify imp...
INTERACTIVE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AMONG CERTAIN PSYCHROTROPHIC BACTERIA FROM DAIRY FOODS1

Thirty-eight cultures, including species of Pseudomonas, Achromobacter and Alcaligenes, isolated at 5 C from refrigerated dairy foods were examined for interactive inhibitory activities by the spot-plate method. Eleven of the Pseudomonas cultures showed inhibitory activity against one of the Achromobacter species. Among the Pseudomonas species, eight showed inhibitory activity against four others. Neither the Achromobacter nor the Alcaligenes species were inhibitory against the other cultures. Inhibition was more pronounced at 7 than at 25 C and increased with increasing concentration of effector species and decreasing concentration of test species. When interacting species of Pseudomonas and Achromobacter were grown together in broth or skimmilk media, inhibition of the Achromobacter species occurred when the viable population level of the Pseudomonas species had reached 105–108 cells per ml. Sterile Seitz-filtered filtrates of Pseudomonas sp. 2 inhibited growth of Achromobacter sp. 54.
Openness of reasoning in intelligent systems: logical closure versus domain dependence

An intelligent system should learn over time to improve its performance and to adapt to changes in the environment. This paper addresses the nature of learning and knowledge–generation. A rational reasoning strategy based on the popular approach to first–order predicate logic does not allow for changes in the specification of behaviour. According to the rules of inference, the nature of the deductions appears to be closed: in particular, the conclusions follow strictly from the initial knowledge base, regardless of external influences. This paper shows that reasoning is closed under the rules of predicate calculus, but that it must be open under any meaningful interpretation of a creative learning system. This is achieved by incorporating domain–dependent knowledge.
Health Effects of a Religious Vocation: Perspectives from Christian and Jewish Clergy:

Clergy often serve in multiple capacities within religious organizations, making them indispensable to the day-to-day operations of these organizations. Although quantitative studies have highlight...
Hyponatremia induced by hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia therapy.

Purpose A case of symptomatic hyponatremia induced by hyperinsulinemia–euglycemia (HIE) therapy is reported. Summary A 59-year-old, 81.65-kg woman with hypertension, major depressive disorder, and anxiety arrived at a tertiary medical center 1.5 hours after an intentional overdose of oral amlodipine 200 mg, metoprolol tartrate 2,000 mg, and isosorbide mononitrate 1,200 mg. Upon arrival, her pulse was 63 beats/min and blood pressure was 106/56 mm Hg. The patient’s blood pressure was refractory to fluids, calcium gluconate, and norepinephrine, resulting in initiation of HIE therapy. She had recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, which required increases of the dextrose infusion and resulted in the patient receiving a total of 6.9 L of dextrose with free water. Seventeen hours into the hospitalization, the patient became obtunded due to hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration, 121 mmol/L). HIE therapy was discontinued, an infusion of 5% dextrose injection with sodium bicarbonate added was started, and a bolus of 3% sodium chloride was administered. Nine hours after the presentation of hyponatremia, the patient’s serum sodium concentration normalized (137 mmol/L), and her symptoms resolved. The patient’s blood pressure, pulse, and mental status continued to improve, and the patient was transferred out of the medical intensive care unit 41 hours after her arrival at the hospital. Conclusion A woman who overdosed on amlodipine, metoprolol tartrate, and isosorbide mononitrate was treated with HIE therapy and developed symptomatic hyponatremia. Hyponatremia resolved after administration of dextrose with sodium bicarbonate infusion and 3% sodium chloride infusion and cessation of HIE therapy.
Atenuación pragmática: el caso de las condicionales

Este trabajo estudia las estructuras condicionales cuya finalidad es atenuar la fuerza del contenido proposicional de determinados actos de habla. Su uso se debe a la percepcion del hablante, quien sigue las normas de cortesia, establecidas por Lakoff (1973) y Brown y Levinson (1978, 1987), con el objetivo de mitigar la imposicion de sus enunciados. El analisis de las grabaciones de una agencia de viajes en Valencia (Espana) indica que el significado atenuante de las condicionales o cuasi-condicionales se puede inferir solo en el contexto de las afirmaciones impositivas, explicaciones, preguntas, peticiones indirectas, sugerencias y ofertas.
Impact of clinical pharmacists in outpatient oncology practices: A review

Purpose Published literature describing the effectiveness of outpatient oncology services delivered by clinical pharmacists is summarized. Methods Peer-reviewed articles on studies evaluating the provision of outpatient oncology services by licensed clinical pharmacists in the United States were identified and screened according to a study-specific protocol. Only research publications focused on the care of oncology patients and indicating the evaluation of measurable services and outcomes were selected for review. Data from eligible studies were extracted using a standardized tool, and agreement by a majority of the investigators was required for inclusion of articles in the final review. Results Eight publications were included in the review; nearly all were published since 2010. All of the included articles reported on results of observational studies in which data sourced from surveys, existing medical or prescription records, or medical cost information were analyzed to measure patient or provider satisfaction (or both) or patient-reported health outcomes. The evaluated evidence indicated that pharmacists were effective in identifying treatment issues and medication misuse, delivering satisfactory and valued services, and finding mechanisms to reduce medical costs or generate revenue to justify continuation or support expansion of clinical pharmacy services. Moreover, in two instances, pharmacists’ services were associated with improvements in symptoms reported by oncology patients. Conclusion Available evidence suggests that outpatient oncology practices may benefit from integrating pharmacists into care models in order to more effectively, efficiently, and holistically address the needs of patients with cancer.
Thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria and defect chemistry in the Zn-S system

Abstract Though important and fundamental, a satisfactory theoretical framework of modeling multiple point defects in the context of phase equilibria is still lacking. In this work, a methodology that models point defects, electrons, holes and the underlying phase equilibria simultaneously is developed and applied to the Zn-S system. It overcomes some issues in previous works, such as inconsistency in the reference state for electrons. The model parameters are directly related to the Gibbs energy of formation of point defects computed from first-principles phonon calculations. A double exponential function is proposed to parameterize the entropy of formation of point defects as a function of temperature. Using this approach, phase diagrams, concentrations of point defects and free carriers, the majority carrier, and defect-related properties exemplified by the electrical conductivity are obtained under various conditions, in agreement with experimental data. The present methodology provides a way to integrate first-principles calculations and experimental data into the CALPHAD model, enabling description of multi-component semiconductor systems.
Effects of different soil media, vegetation, and hydrologic treatments on nutrient and sediment removal in roadside bioretention systems

Abstract Water quality performance of eight roadside bioretention cells in their third and fourth years of implementation were evaluated in Burlington, Vermont. Bioretention cells received varying treatments: (1) vegetation with high-diversity (7 species) and low-diversity plant mix (2 species); (2) proprietary SorbtiveMedia™ (SM) containing iron and aluminum oxide granules to enhance sorption capacity for phosphorus; and (3) enhanced rainfall and runoff (RR) to certain cells (including one with SM treatment) at three levels (15%, 20%, 60% more than their control counterparts), mimicking anticipated precipitation increases associated with climate change. A total of 121 storms across all cells were evaluated in 2015 and 2016 for total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate/nitrite-nitrogen (NOx), ortho-phosphorus (Ortho-P), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Heavy metals were also measured for a few storms, but in 2014 and 2015 only. Simultaneous measurements of flow rates and volumes allowed for evaluation of the cells’ hydraulic performances and estimation of pollutant load removal efficiencies and EMC reductions. Significant average reductions in effluent stormwater volumes (75%; range: 48–96%) and peak flows (91%; range: 86–96%) was reported, with 31% of the storms events (all less than 25.4 mm (1 in.), and one 39.4 mm (1.55 in.)) depth completely captured by bioretention cells. Influent TSS concentrations and event mean concentrations (EMCs) was mostly significantly reduced, and TSS loads were well retained by all bioretention cells (94%; range: 89–99%) irrespective of treatments, storm characteristics or seasonality. In contrast, nutrient removal was treatment-dependent, where the SM treatments consistently removed P concentrations, loads and EMCs, and sometimes N as well. The vegetation and RR treatments mostly exported nutrients to the effluent for those three metrics with varying significance. We attribute observed nutrient exports to the presence of excess compost in the soil media. Rainfall depth and peak inflow rate had consistently negative effects on all nutrient removal efficiencies from the bioretention cells likely by increasing pollutant mobilization. Seasonality followed by soil media presence, and antecedent dry period were other predictors significantly influencing removal efficiencies for some nutrient types. Results from the analysis will be useful to make bioretention designers aware of the hydrologic and other design factors that will be the most critical to the performance of the bioretention systems in response to interactive effects of climate change.
Resonantly enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

Resonant coherent Raman spectroscopy based on electronic transitions is known for over 40 years to provide chemically specific information from molecules at micromolar concentrations. Unfortunately, live-cell and tissue imaging becomes challenging at shorter wavelength due to reduced threshold for cell damage and significantly increased light scattering. Thus, we evaluate resonant enhancement of vibrational transitions, which can be selectively excited to promote either stronger signal or to provide better selectivity of molecular excitation. We experimentally validate several new excitation schemes for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging and discuss their pros and cons.
Robust Sensing for Mobile Robot Control

Abstract In this work we present a control strategy under sensing uncertainties for mobile robot navigation. The sensing system is represented using three levels of abstraction. Sensing uncertainties are embedded into the model to perform tolerance analysis for data recovery and timing. A server-client model is implemented where the server executes commands and clients run in parallel.
A Possibility of a Phase Fluctuationlike Effect in Htsc Cuprates

On the basis of the thermodynamic analysis of the related experimental data, a possibility is shown of a manifestation of a phase fluctuation-like effect in the high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) cuprates, especially with respect to physical properties of melt-textured composites, thin films, coatings, nanomaterials and heterostructures.
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics for system-level characterization of biological responses to engineered nanomaterials.

The widespread use of engineered nanomaterials or nanotechnology makes the characterization of biological responses to nanomaterials an important area of research. The application of omics approaches, such as mass spectrometry-based proteomics, has revealed new insights into the cellular responses of exposure to nanomaterials, including how nanomaterials interact and alter cellular pathways. In addition, exposure to engineered nanomaterials often leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species and cellular oxidative stress, which implicates a redox-dependent regulation of cellular responses under such conditions. In this review, we discuss quantitative proteomics-based approaches, with an emphasis on redox proteomics, as a tool for system-level characterization of the biological responses induced by engineered nanomaterials.
Eccentric Load Sensitivity of Force Sensors

Strain gage force sensors are ordinarily designed with a symmetry of form and gage location that makes them relatively insensitive to eccentric load. In general, however, there is a residual eccentric load sensitivity due to imperfections in machining, assembly, gage location, etc. that may be significant. Eccentric load sensitivity is a particularly important characteristic of force sensors that are used as transfer standards either to intercompare force standard machines or to calibrate testing machines or other force sensors. Since load alignment in these processes is not perfect, there are unknown errors due to differences in alignment of the different setups that are compared. Eccentric load sensitivity is an important factor contributing to these errors.
Theory of Polymers Having Broken Symmetry Ground States

The theoretical basis for soliton excitations in polyacetylene is discussed. The unique charge-spin relations, light mass, and new electronic states of solitons lead to interesting experimental consequences. Models of the semiconductor metal transition are presented, and real time dynamics of (CH)X is illustrated.
APPLICATIONS OF HOMOGENEITY TO NONLINEAR ADAPTIVE CONTROL

This article is intended to bring together ideas from the geometric theory of nonlinear control systems, in particular the employment of homogeneity properties for asymptotic feedback stabilization, with a classical approach to adaptive control, in particular the regulation problem in the presence of unknown parameters. The control systems under consideration are of the form $$\dot x\left( t \right) = f\left( {x\left( t \right),p} \right) + u\left( t \right)g\left( {x\left( t \right),p} \right)$$ (1.1) The control u takes vaLues in R, x E R“ and the vectorfields f and g are explicitly linearly parametrized by the supposedly unknown parameter p E R, i.e. $$f\left( {x,p} \right) = {f_0}\left( x \right) + p{f_1}\left( x \right)andg\left( {x,p} \right) = {g_0}\left( x \right) + p{g_1}\left( x \right)$$ (1.2) where k and gi are smooth vectorfields on R“, and we suppose that f°(0) _ f1(0) = O. (Note, that this notion of linear parametrization is very much coordinate dependent.)
Age-Dependency of Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration by cis- and trans-Permethrin in the Rat

Permethrin (PER), a type I pyrethroid, is the most widely used insecticide in domestic settings in the United States. The overall objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as an obstacle to the 14C-cis-permethrin (CIS) and 14C-trans-permethrin (TRANS) isomers of PER, and to determine whether its barrier function changes during maturation of the rat. Experiments were conducted to quantify brain uptake of CIS and TRANS in postnatal day 145, 21, and 90 Sprague-Dawley rats. The common carotid artery of anesthetized rats was perfused for 2 or 4 minutes with 1, 10, or 50 µM 14C-CIS or 14C-TRANS in 4% albumin. Brain deposition of each isomer was inversely related to age, with levels in the youngest animals >5 times those in adults. Brain uptake was linear over the 50-fold range of pyrethroid concentrations, indicative of passive, nonsaturable BBB permeation. The extent of uptake of toxicologically relevant concentrations of CIS and TRANS was quite similar. Thus, dissimilar BBB permeation does not contribute to the greater acute neurotoxic potency of CIS, but greater permeability of the immature BBB to CIS and TRANS may contribute to the increased susceptibility of preweanling rodents to the insecticides.
Drug Development in Psychiatry: The Long and Winding Road from Chance Discovery to Rational Development

Based extensively on tables and figures, this chapter reviews drug development in psychiatry with an emphasis on antidepressants from 1950s to the present and then looks forward to the future. It begins with the chance discovery drugs and then moves to through their rational refinement using structure activity relationships to narrow the pharmacological actions of the drugs to those mediating their antidepressant effects and eliminating the effects on targets that mediate adverse effects. This approach yielded newer antidepressants which compared to older antidepressants are safer and better tolerated but nevertheless do still not treat the approximately 40% of patients with major depression (MD) which is unresponsive to biogenic amine mechanisms of action. This form of MD is commonly referred to as treatment resistant depression. Esketamine is an investigational antidepressant which has a novel mechanism of action: blockade of the glutamate NMDA receptor. Positive trials reported this year for esketamine make it likely this drug will be approved next year in the USA. These studies coupled with earlier studies with other NMDA drugs suggest approximately 60% of patient with TRD are rapidly and robustly responsive to this mechanism of action. Thus, there appears to be three forms of MD based on pharmacological responsiveness: (a) 60% responsive to biogenic amine mechanisms of action, (b) 24% (i.e., 40 × 60%) responsive to NMDA but not to biogenic amine mechanisms of action, and (c) 16% (i.e., 40 − 24%) not responsive to either of these mechanisms of action. Scientific investigation of these three groups may yield important information about the pathophysiology and/or pathoetiology of these different forms of MD. This information coupled with studies into the neurobiology (e.g., imaging studies, connectomes to name a few approaches being used) and genetics of MD should provide the fundamental knowledge which will permit a rational search for and discovery of newer antidepressant drugs and other somatic and psychotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of patients with different forms of MD based on pathophysiology and pathoetiology. Examples are given of how such discovery and development has occurred in other areas of medicine and even in central nervous system (CNS) space including six novel mechanisms of action CNS drugs which have been successfully developed and marketed over the last 25 years.
Multiplexed in Situ Imaging Mass Cytometry Analysis of the Human Endocrine Pancreas and Immune System in Type 1 Diabetes

The interaction between the immune system and endocrine cells in the pancreas is crucial for the initiation and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) enables multiplexed assessment of the abundance and localization of more than 30 proteins on the same tissue section at 1-μm resolution. Herein, we have developed a panel of 33 antibodies that allows for the quantification of key cell types including pancreatic exocrine cells, islet cells, immune cells, and stromal components. We employed this panel to analyze 12 pancreata obtained from donors with clinically diagnosed T1D and 6 pancreata from non-diabetic controls. In the pancreata from donors with T1D, we simultaneously visualized significant alterations in islet architecture, endocrine cell composition, and immune cell presentation. Indeed, we demonstrate the utility of IMC to investigate complex events on the cellular level that will provide new insights on the pathophysiology of T1D.