cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous components of the photon structure functions

The leading contributions to the deep-inelastic structure functions of a real or slightly virtual photon are calculated using a generalization of the Altarelli-Parisi equations for quantum-chromodynamic scale breaking. These techniques provide a simple alternative to the more conventional operator-product-moment methods and lead to integral equations which are easily solved numerically.
Power System Transient Control by Capacitor Switching

Inserting and removing a series capacitor in a transmission line can remove the oscillatory transients due to a fault. The capacitor should be inserted in the remaining transmission lines when the fault is detected and removed by short circuiting when the time rate of change of power flow through the capacitor is zero or the rate of change of phase angle between line terminations is zero. The capacitor should be reinserted when the kinetic energy due to speed deviations equals the amount of kinetic energy that can be removed during the remaining swing to the target state independent of whether or not the line is restored to service.
Immunogenetic Management Software: a new tool for visualization and analysis of complex immunogenetic datasets

Here we describe the Immunogenetic Management Software (IMS) system, a novel web-based application that permits multiplexed analysis of complex immunogenetic traits that are necessary for the accurate planning and execution of experiments involving large animal models, including nonhuman primates. IMS is capable of housing complex pedigree relationships, microsatellite-based MHC typing data, as well as MHC pyrosequencing expression analysis of class I alleles. It includes a novel, automated MHC haplotype naming algorithm and has accomplished an innovative visualization protocol that allows users to view multiple familial and MHC haplotype relationships through a single, interactive graphical interface. Detailed DNA and RNA-based data can also be queried and analyzed in a highly accessible fashion, and flexible search capabilities allow experimental choices to be made based on multiple, individualized and expandable immunogenetic factors. This web application is implemented in Java, MySQL, Tomcat, and Apache, with supported browsers including Internet Explorer and Firefox on Windows and Safari on Mac OS. The software is freely available for distribution to noncommercial users by contacting Leslie.kean@emory.edu. A demonstration site for the software is available at http://typing.emory.edu/typing_demo , user name: imsdemo7@gmail.com and password: imsdemo.
Open-path atmospheric monitoring with a low-resolution FTIR spectrometer

The advantages of measuring open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) spectra at low resolution are discussed both from a theoretical and experimental viewpoint. In general, the optimum combination of selectivity and sensitivity is found when the resolution is approximately equal to the average full-width at half height (FWHH) of the analytical bands. The FWHH of many bands in the vapor-phase spectra of molecules of medium size, such as chlorinated organic solvents, is approximately 20 cmMIN1, so that a resolution of 16 cmMIN1 is often found to yield the most accurate analytical results. The low baseline noise level found when spectra are measured at low resolution can allow room temperature deuterated triglycine sulfate pyroelectric bolometers to be used instead of liquid nitrogen cooled mercury cadmium telluride photodetectors for OP/FT-IR measurements.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Medium, Access, and Obsolescence: What Kinds of Objects are Lasting Objects?

This paper presents findings from a field study of records managers that provides context for understanding how people see objects on varying media as long-lasting objects (or not). Part of the mandate of the profession of records management is long-term preservation of digital and paper records. At the site of the fieldwork for this study, research participants' tasks primarily consisted of examining individual case files to determine if the files should be kept or destroyed under the relevant rules set by higher-level management according to legal requirements. Close observation of work practices showed that application of records management rules varied depending on the medium of the records, despite the policy that records on varying media are equal in importance. The results of the study suggest that the perceived accessibility and obsolescence of digital objects deserve more attention in the exploration of the place of digital objects in human lives over the long-term.
The role of boron in the superconductivity of ternary RT4B4 compounds

Abstract A large and abrupt composition-induced change in the superconducting critical temperature has been reported in seven R(Rh1−xTx)4B4 systems (R = Y, rare earth; T = Ru, Ir). Additional related data are presented. Based on crystallographic data of Yvon and Gruttner, this phenomenon is proposed to arise from an abrupt composition-induced redistribution of electron density between the boron and transition metal sublattices. Several experimental tests of this model are suggested.
The language of instruction in Chinese communities

The number of Chinese receiving their education in Mandarin will continue to increase steadily as a result of the implementation of essentially similar national language policies in the People's Republic of China, and in the Republic of China on Taiwan. The import of these policies will also be reflected in language developments in other Chinese communities such as Hong Kong and Singapore.
Comparison of ultraviolet and blacklight for the induction of nutritional independence at two loci in Neurospora crassa.

Abstract The inactivating effects of both near ultraviolet (blacklight) and shortware ultraviolet (UV) have been investigated for two auxotrophic strains of Neurospora crassa. The two strain were indistinguishable with respect to their sensitivity to inactivation by blacklight, but differed in their sensitivity to UV (DEF = 1.3–1.6 at 0.1 survival). The strains each carried an allele of different genes previously demonstrated as being capable of mutation in response to UV. The results confirm the mutability of these alleles, but reveal that within the population densities investigated mutations to nutritional independence by blacklight were undetectable.
Hybrid systems for furnace waste heat recovery: I. Use of a radiation recuperator with a Rankine cycle

Abstract A hybrid system, consisting of a radiation recuperator and a waste heat boiler, is simulated under conditions corresponding to heat recovery from the exhaust gas of an aluminum melting furnace. For equivalent component designs and furnace exhaust conditions, overall system effectiveness and total heat recovery rate are shown to be larger for a series, rather than a parallel, arrangement of the components. Performance of the parallel mode of operation is adversely affected by the low recuperator effectiveness and decreases with increasing recuperator load factor.
Colon-Polyp Surveillance — Do Patients Benefit?

In March 2014, newspaper headlines trumpeted the stunning reduction in mortality from colorectal cancer of 30% from 2000 to 2010 in the United States.1 There were also significant reductions in colorectal-cancer incidence. Some of this reduction is due to colonoscopic detection and removal of adenomas.2,3 Patients in whom adenomas develop remain at risk (owing to genetics or lifestyle) for the discovery of adenomas on subsequent examinations, leading to the logical rationale for surveillance colonoscopy in adenoma-bearing patients.4 Colon-polyp surveillance now accounts for about 25% of colonoscopies among persons over 50 years of age in the United States, a substantial . . .
Children's association frequency tables

University of Minnesota Masters thesis. 1917. Major: Psychology. 1 computer file (PDF); 110 pages.
Goffman on the Jury: Real Jurors’ Attention to the “Offstage” of Trials

Social psychologist Erving Goffman, in his classic work The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, provides a framework that explains why jurors may turn their attention at the courthouse to information not formally presented from the witness stand. We dub this “offstage observation,” a type of juror behavior that has not been systematically examined empirically. Analyzing a unique data source of 50 actual jury deliberations in civil trials, we find that jurors do look to the offstage in evaluating the claims of the parties. However, in contrast to predictions, these observations played a surprisingly minor role in the jury deliberation process.
Scientific knowledge in medicine: a new clinical epistemology?

Technological developments in the field of communications have widened access to research evidence and, as a result, scientific epistemology is in the ascendancy in the area of medical knowledge. This has been the subject of vigorous debate within the medical profession itself, with many opposing the increasing weight given to research evidence at the expense of expert opinion. Medicine has a professional culture which identifies knowledge with particular individuals — a ‘person culture’. Much of the authority of physicians derives from the presumption that medical professionals have privileged access to medical knowledge. Scientific epistemology, on the other hand, identifies knowledge with a process of investigation. The esoteric knowledge to which expert individuals claim privileged access has no currency in this process. Because of this, the rise of scientific epistemology in medicine partially undermines the profession's authority. Access to scientific research evidence can be used to undermine the individual authority of professional experts. Illustrative examples are given of the nature of debate within a ‘person culture’ and of ways in which research evidence has been used to challenge the authority of physicians.
Infrared detection of the 1,3-dimethyl cyclopentadienyl cation, an isomer of protonated toluene

Abstract Protonated toluene (C7H9+) is a well-known stable carbocation, usually formed by σ-protonation of the parent molecule. Here, the corresponding C7H9+ ion is formed with a pulsed discharge in a supersonic expansion from a norbornene precursor. The different molecular framework of this precursor makes it possible to access different structural configurations. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy is employed to characterize the C7H9+ ions produced. Protonated toluene is most abundant, however, new bands in the fingerprint and C H stretching regions indicate that another isomer is also present. Computational chemistry makes it possible to identify the 1,3-dimethylcyclopentadienyl cation, a less stable isomer not detected previously.
The extended relationship between child cardiovascular risks and academic performance measures.

Objective: To examine the relationship between children's overweight status and other cardiovascular risk fitness factors and academic performance among fifth-grade students. Research Methods and Procedures: Using a sample of 968 fifth-grade students (50.7% boys; mean age = 10.6 years), children's cardiovascular risks (BMI, blood pressure, acanthosis nigricans) and fitness measures were compared with their mean group performance scores across four subscales (mathematics, reading/language arts, science, and social studies) of a statewide standardized academic performance test. Results: Of this sample, 39% were either at risk for being overweight or were already overweight; slightly over one half were of normal weight. Initial findings revealed a significant relationship between children's weight category and their reading/language arts, mathematics, and science test scores even after controlling for a proxy of socioeconomic status. When additional cardiovascular risk and fitness measures were included in the model, however, children's BMI status had no association. Instead, a composite fitness index, children's blood pressure, sex, and proxy of socioeconomic status were significantly associated with children's academic test scores. Discussion: This study expanded our understanding of the connection between children's overweight risks and academic performance by examining the impact of other cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and measures of fitness. These findings support the development and implementation of childhood cardiovascular risk surveillance programs that evaluate not only children's overweight risks but also their fitness, risk for type 2 diabetes, and/or high blood pressure by showing a relationship between some of these risks and children's academic test performance.
Creativity in assessment of library instruction

The basic concepts of testing and item development, and the application of alternative assessments (non‐multiple choice) to information literacy content for library instruction are discussed. Alternative item types include selected response, constructed response, essay, and complex answers. The author relates the item types to the “Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education”. Topic, content objectives, and behavioral objectives are included for each item.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A LARGE-SCALE BALLAST TREATMENT PROCESS

The quality of the final effluent and of effluent from the primary separator was characterized, e.g., by determination of ''total oil'' by Freon 113 extraction followed by IR and gravimetric measurement methods. The final effluent contained volatile organic matter composed primarily of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) (48Vertical Bar3<), dissolved organic materials of petroleum nonhydrocarbon type (36Vertical Bar3<), and suspended organic matter which is traditionally defined as water-insoluble ''oil'' (16Vertical Bar3<). More than 99Vertical Bar3< of the separation of oil from water took place in the primary gravity separators and less than half the remainder was removed by the secondary aeration-flocculation operation. The method used for the determination of ''total oil'' was insufficient for monitoring the quality of the final effluent because the principal organic components in treated effluents are volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and dissolved petroleum nonhydrocarbons, and this method is not calibrated for such components. Evaporation of solvent during the gravimetric procedure results in the loss of the largest single group of organics present in the effluent: aromatic hydrocarbons.
Field Experience with the First Twin-Screw Multiphase Pump in a Saudi Arabia Oil Field

uld be carefully approached and evaluated on a case by case basis. MPP may not be the best alternative for all weak wells. For example, a dead well, which cannot flow smoothly to the surface, does not provide sufficient wellhead pressure to the MPP inlet, and therefore is not a candidate for MPP. The MPP (twin-screw technology) has been installed in a remote field to boost the oil production from three oil wells with high water cut and insufficient pressure to flow to the processing facility. For these wells, a MPP package was designed and installed at the field manifold. The unit was a simplified portable pumping system powered by a diesel generator. The MPP is now operated unmanned with local controlling and monitoring systems. The trial test has proven the high percentage of operating efficiency of this type of MPP1. An oil gain was realized from the manifold using this MPP, which improves the oil recovery and sweep in the subjected area. The MPP has proven its reliability to introduce a successful performance for specially selected low flowing wellhead pressure (LFWHP) wells’ applications. In addition, the MPP has further advantages in terms of piping modification requirements, maintenance ease, power consumption, compatibility with intelligent fields, monitoring operations, etc. This paper discusses the advantages of utilizing MPP with twin-screw technology in a Saudi Aramco field. The paper also addresses project implementation as well as the operating experience with the MPP.
NADPH CYTOCHROME P-450 OXIDOREDUCTASE GENE : IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROMOTER REGION

The untranslated first exon and the 5'-flanking region for the rat liver NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase gene has been isolated from a Wistar-Furth genomic library. The remainder of the gene is composed of 15 exons which code for the mature protein and a 3'-nontranslated segment (T. D. Porter et al. Biochemistry, 1990, 29, 9814-9818). The 56-bp first exon resides 30.5 kb upstream from exon two, making the total gene length approximately 50 kb. While the region surrounding the start site (TCAGAGAC) was found to be homologous to a eukaryotic cap signal, the 5' flanking region possesses neither a TATA nor a CCAAT box. Instead it contains five GC-rich hexanucleotide consensus sequences for the transcription factor Sp1. These features clearly distinguish it from genes encoding other members of the mixed-function oxidase system, the cytochromes P450. Primer extension analysis and S1 nuclease mapping identified multiple transcriptional start sites. In many respects, the TATA-less oxidoreductase promoter resembles the promoter regions of dihydrofolate reductase and other housekeeping genes. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that this promoter is modulated by phenobarbital and trans-stilbene oxide, known inducers of oxidoreductase.
Integration of pMMC7105 into the Chromosome of PseudomonasSyringae pv. Phaseolicola Involves the Repetitive Sequence RSII

Strain LR700 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the causal agent of halo blight of bean, contains a 150 kilobase pair (kb) plasmid, pMMC7105, which can integrate into the bacterial chromosome. A repetitive sequence (RSII) is found in the plasmid BamHI fragment (Bam-8) involved in the integration event and in both BamHI fusion fragments (Bam-α and Bam-β) formed by integration. Southern blot hybridization and restriction analyses reveal that RSII is between 800–1500 base pairs (bp) in size and lies at the junction of plasmid and chromosomal sequences in Bam-α. The chromosomal site of integration will also be analyzed to determine if RSII resides there.
Cytoplasmic ATP Hydrolysis Powers Transport of Lipopolysaccharide Across the Periplasm in E. coli

Millions of molecules of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) must be assembled on the Escherichia coli cell surface each time the cell divides. The biogenesis of LPS requires seven essential lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) proteins to move LPS from the inner membrane through the periplasm to the cell surface. However, no intermediate transport states have been observed. We developed methods to observe intermediate LPS molecules bound to Lpt proteins in the process of being transported in vivo. Movement of individual LPS molecules along these binding sites required multiple rounds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis in vitro, which suggests that ATP is used to push a continuous stream of LPS through a transenvelope bridge in discrete steps against a concentration gradient.
The Multidimensional Burden of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Mortality Risk and Quality of Life Measures Early in the Course of the Disease

Purpose Our primary objective was to evaluate mortality risk and predictors among recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods Vital status of 265 SLE patients and 355 controls enrolled in the Carolina Lupus Study (median time since diagnosis = 13 months) was determined approximately 5 years after enrollment. We also assessed the utility of an 8-item quality of life instrument, derived from the standard 36 item Medical Outcomes Survey (SF-36), as an additional measure of disease impact. Results Five years after diagnosis, 9.7% of patients compared with 0.3% of controls had died (p Conclusion The mortality risk among SLE patients is significant, even early in the disease process and even with currently available treatments. Differences between cases and controls in health-related quality of life using the SF-8 also demonstrate the multidimensional burden of SLE.
The role of the UKEMS in the development of testing guidelines

Twenty years ago UKEMS established a sub-committee to determine the minimal professional criteria that should be achieved to comply with mutagenicity testing requirements in the UK. Recommendations on the conduct of basic and supplementary tests were published in 1983 and 1984, respectively. Despite their local distribution, these recommendations had an impact around the world. Further guidelines for statistical evaluation of mutagenicity test data and revisions to the first two volumes followed. By the early 1990s the mood was for international harmonization rather than national or regional isolation. The processes by which UKEMS had achieved its testing recommendations in the 1980s and early 1990s were successfully employed in the International Workshops for Genotoxicity Testing, of which three have now been held, and made a significant impact on OECD guidelines and ICH guidance. Summary outcomes from the latest meeting (2002 Plymouth Workshop) are given.
Monastic ‘Governmentality’: Revisiting ‘Community’ and ‘Communalism’ in South Asia

This essay extends and revises the Foucauldian concept of ‘governmentality’ in order to root theories about the ‘political community’ in the historical evidence available from the Indian subcontinent. It uses this revised understanding as a frame for rethinking issues of violence between identical communities relevant to understanding the violence of 1947-1971. Such violence, the essay argues, was not tied to the inherent nature of any one community. Nor was it related in any direct way to violence of the 17th and 18th century. Instead, it suggests that historians need to reconceive the distinct strands that made up a political community in terms of lay and monastic households and investigate the shifting relationships between these strands in order to understand the moment at which both diplomacy and sociality failed.
Lymphknotenpräparation bei kolorektalen Karzinomen

Von der UICC wird die Mindestzahl von 12 Lymphknoten fur ein adaquates Lymphknoten-Staging kolorektaler Karzinome gefordert. Zahlreiche Autoren befurworten jedoch die Untersuchung einer groseren Anzahl von Lymphknoten und empfehlen hierfur verschiedene Techniken wie beispielsweise die Fettaufhellung. Wir stellen in dieser Studie eine neue Technik zur Ex-vivo-Lymphknotenmarkierung mittels intraarterieller Methylenblau-Injektion bei Kolonkarzinomen vor. 14 markierte Falle wurden darin mit 14 konventionell bearbeiteten Fallen aus unserem Archiv verglichen. Die Lymphknotenausbeute differierte in den beiden Gruppen mit im Mittel 28±7 vs. 14±3 hochsignifikant (p<0,001) zugunsten der Methylenblau-Gruppe. Der groste Unterschied ergab sich in der besonders relevanten Diametergruppe von 2–4 mm (191 vs. 70 Lymphknoten). In der Ungefarbt-Gruppe war zum Erreichen einer adaquaten Zahl die zusatzliche Einbettung von Fettgewebe in 6 Fallen notwendig. Die Methylenblau-Markierung ist eine neue und hoch effektive Methode zur Verbesserung der Lymphknotenpraparation bei kolorektalen Karzinomen.
A framework for WWW query processing

Query processing is the most common operation in a DBMS. Sophisticated query processing has been mainly targeted at a single enterprise environment providing centralized control over data and metadata. Submitting queries by anonymous users on the Web is different in such a way that load balancing or DBMS access control becomes the key issue. This paper provides a solution by introducing a framework for WWW query processing. The success of this framework lies in the utilization of query optimization techniques and the ontological approach. This methodology has proved to be cost effective at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Distributed Active Archive Center (GDAAC).
Establishing a motor carrier research agenda

The motor carrier industry represents an important linkage in a variety of industry supply chains and accounts for a substantial level of total logistics cost. This article combines a review of motor carrier research over the past 10 years (1996-2006), with input from executives representing common and specialty carrier services, to identify key areas of interest to guide future motor carrier research.
Internal Aluminum Block of Plant Inward K+ Channels

Aluminum (Al) inhibits inward K(+) channels (K(in)) in both root hair and guard cells, which accounts for at least part of the Al toxicity in plants. To understand the mechanism of Al-induced K(in) inhibition, we performed patch clamp analyses on K(in) in guard cells and on KAT1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results show that Al inhibits plant K(in) by blocking the channels at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. In guard cells, single-channel recording revealed that Al inhibition of K(in) occurred only upon internal exposure. Using both "giant patch" recording and single-channel analyses, we found that Al reduced KAT1 open probability and changed its activation kinetics through an internal membrane-delimited mechanism. We also provide evidence that a Ca(2)+ channel-like pathway that is sensitive to antagonists verapamil and La(3)+ mediates Al entry across the plasma membrane. We conclude that Al enters plant cells through a Ca(2)+ channel-like pathway and inhibits K(+) uptake by internally blocking K(in).
Further Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of the Tapered DCB Specimen

A dynamic finite element code was used to compute the dynamic stress intensity factors and crack arrest stress intensity factor which are related to the crack run-arrest response in a tapered double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen machined from A533B steel. Measured crack velocities of a fracturing tapered DCB specimen were used to prescribe a crack motion under both fixed grip and variable loading conditions at the two loading pins. Numerically and experimentally determined dynamic strains were compared at three locations on the fracturing tapered DCB specimen. This comparative study showed that the fixed grip condition modeled the actual dynamic state well and that the crack arrest stress intensity factor, K/sub I..cap alpha../, computed on the bases of fixed grip and variable loading conditions differed by a factor of approximately 0.6.
Motif prediction to distinguish LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory vs . antibacterial macrophage genes

Background: Innate immunity is the first line of defence offered by host cells to infections. Macrophage cells involved in innate immunity are stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found on bacterial cell surface, to express a complex array of gene products. Persistent LPS stimulation makes a macrophage tolerant to LPS with downregulation of inflammatory genes (“pro-inflammatory”) while continually expressing genes to fight the bacterial infection (“antibacterial”). Interactions of transcription factors (TF) at their cognate TF binding sites (TFBS) on the expressed genes are important in transcriptional regulatory networks that control these pro-inflammatory and antibacterial expression paradigms involved in LPS stimulation. Results: We used differential expression patterns in a public domain microarray data set from LPS-stimulated macrophages to identify 228 pro-inflammatory and 18 antibacterial genes. Employing three different motif search tools, we predicted respectively four and one statistically significant TF-TFBS interactions from the pro-inflammatory and antibacterial gene sets. The biological literature was utilized to identify target genes for the four proinflammatory profile TFs predicted from the three tools, and 18 of these target genes were observed to follow the pro-inflammatory expression pattern in the original microarray data. Conclusions: Our analysis distinguished pro-inflammatory vs. antibacterial transcriptomic signatures that classified their respective gene expression patterns and the corresponding TF-TFBS interactions in LPS-stimulated macrophages. By doing so, this study has attempted to characterize the temporal differences in gene expression associated with LPS tolerance, a major immune phenomenon implicated in various pathological disorders.
When Helping Hurts: Miscarried Helping in Families of Youth With Chronic Pain

Objective To examine ‘‘miscarried helping’’ as a maladaptive dyadic process in families of youth with chronic pain using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. Methods 210 adolescents with chronic pain (mean ¼ 14.23 years; 73.9% female) and their parents participating in a multicenter study completed measures assessing pain characteristics, miscarried helping, family functioning, parental protectiveness, and child depressive symptoms. Results Multilevel modeling revealed significant actor effects of miscarried helping on family functioning for both parents and teens, but not partner effects. Individual-level factors, including child pain characteristics, depressive symptoms, and parental protectiveness, uniquely contributed to miscarried helping. Conclusions Higher perceptions of miscarried helping contribute to worse family functioning and may be a useful target for psychological intervention in parents of children with chronic pain. Parents who exhibit more protective responses to pain and youth with more depressive symptoms may be at increased risk for a miscarried helping process to develop.
Single-Step Capsular Transformation and Acquisition of Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

The capsule (cps) locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae is flanked by the pbp2x and pbp1a genes, coding for penicillin-binding proteins, enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis that are targets for β-lactams. This linkage suggested to us that selection for β-lactam resistance might coselect for capsular transformants. The recombination event would then involve PBP genes, as well as the cps operon, and would change both the serotype and the resistance profile of the strain. We transformed β-lactam-susceptible strain TIGR4 by using whole genomic DNA extracted from multidrug-resistant strain GA71, a serotype 19F variant of pneumococcal clone Spain23F-1, and selected β-lactam-resistant transformants. Smooth colonies appearing on selective plates were subcultured, serotyped by the Quellung reaction, and genotyped to confirm the presence of the GA71 pbp2x-cps19-pbp1a locus in the TIGR4 genetic background by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the whole locus and its flanking regions. The results showed that a new serotype, combined with resistance to β-lactams, could emerge in a susceptible strain via a single transformation event. Quantitative analysis showed that transfer of the cps locus had occurred at an elevated rate in β-lactam-selected transformants. This suggests that in natural settings selection by host immunity and selection by antibiotics may be interrelated because of “hitchhiking” effects due to linkage of resistance determinants and the capsule locus.
Output features of two types of diode-pumped alkali vapor lasers in time domain

Diode-pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) have gained rapid development in the recent years due to their great potential for realization of high-power lasers. Relaxation oscillation (RO) is a common phenomenon related to the dynamic process in time domain. Generally, the generation of spikes in RO may affect the output stabilization of a DPAL. In this paper, we develop a kinetic model to investigate the output characteristics in time domain. Using such a mathematical model, a comparative study on the RO features of a diode-pumped rubidium vapor lasers (DPRVL) and a diode-pumped cesium vapor lasers (DPCVL) is theoretically carried out with different physical parameters including the cell temperature, buffer gas pressure, pumping power and reflectance of an output coupler. The analyses should be valuable for design of a steady high-powered DPAL.
lncRNA-mediated regulation of the interferon response

The interferon (IFN) response is a critical arm of the innate immune response and a major host defense mechanism against viral infections. Following microbial encounter, a series of signaling events lead to transcriptional activation of the IFN genes, which in turn leads to significant changes in the cellular transcriptome by altering the expression of hundreds of target genes. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a major subgroup of the IFN target genes, and further, that the IFN response is subject to regulation by a large number of host- and pathogen-derived lncRNAs. While the vast majority of lncRNAs with potential roles in the IFN response remain unstudied, analysis of a very small subset provides a glimpse of the regulatory impact of this class of RNAs on IFN response.
Assessment of established HDL-C loci for association with HDL-C levels and type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians

Epidemiological studies in Pima Indians identified elevated levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) as a protective factor against type 2 diabetes risk in women. We assessed whether HDL-C-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) also associate with type 2 diabetes in female Pima Indians. Twenty-one SNPs in established HDL-C loci were initially analysed in 2,675 full-heritage Pima Indians. SNPs shown to associate with HDL-C (12 SNPs) were assessed for association with type 2 diabetes in 7,710 Pima Indians (55.6% female sex). The CETP locus provided the strongest evidence for association with HDL-C and was further interrogated by analysing tag SNPs. Twelve of the 21 SNPs analysed had a significant association with HDL-C in Pima Indians; five SNPs representing four loci (CETP, DOCK6, PPP1R3B and ABCA1) reached genome-wide significance. Three SNPs, at CETP, KLF14 and HNF4A, associated with type 2 diabetes only in female participants with the HDL-C-lowering allele increasing diabetes risk (p values: 3.2 × 10−4 to 7.7 × 10−5); the association remained significant even after adjustment for HDL-C. Additional analysis across CETP identified rs6499863 as having the strongest association with type 2 diabetes in female participants (p = 5.0 × 10−6) and this association remained independent of the HDL-C association. SNPs at the CETP, HNF4A and KLF14 locus are associated with HDL-C levels and type 2 diabetes (in female participants). However, since HNF4A and KLF14 are established loci for type 2 diabetes, it is unlikely that HDL-C solely mediates these associations.
Essential serum trace metals

Abstract Studies of serum iron determination have been described using sensitive color reagents of high molar absorptivities. Each selective reaction for iron is strengthened by means of complexing molecules which eliminate trace metal interferences. One ligand. 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol, exhibits two sensitive peaks, either of which can be used to determine iron quantitatively if an interference is present at one wavelength, or to qualitatively help ensure by ratio measurement that iron is the only metal determined. The second ligand, 2,4-bis(5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin3-yl) pyridinetetrasulfonic acid, is not only sensitive but has the capability of measuring iron, copper, or both by a judicious choice of selective conditions. Each compound has a useful potential in either discrete sampling or on-stream automation.
El populismo de Fernando Vallejo

Desde una vision interdisciplinaria, este trabajo busca reconocer actitudes populistas en la narrativa y el habla de Fernando Vallejo. Se observa como el autor y el gramatico narrador de sus novelas y film (1994-2010, 2000) recurren de forma insistente y univoca a la difusion de un pensamiento demoledor de la vieja institucionalidad, que funda la nacion latinoamericana con estrategias comunicativas provocadoras, autoritarias, afectuosas y mesianicas que, por lo general, tipifican el discurso populista. En la primera parte se discute el entronque ideologicopolitico de Vallejo con la tradicion literaria latinoamericana. En la segunda parte se analiza la forma en la que discurren las estrategias comunicativas que se anotan. Algunas de sus novelas, ensayos y presentaciones publicas constituyen la materia de este trabajo. Al final, se destaca la genialidad del lenguaje vallejiano para articular una extrana forma de encantamiento social que carece de un estilo definido.
Fundamental Analysis of Potential Energy Derived Strategies for Acquiring Minimum Velocity Threshold for a Ramjet

Ramjet propulsion systems require a booster phase to acquire the minimum velocity threshold to enable sustainable propulsive thrust. Historically, two strategies have involved the use of a solid rocket propulsion boost phase or a booster aircraft. As an alternative, a potential energy strategy may be incorporated to provide a ramjet with sufficient kinetic energy to exceed the minimum threshold for sufficient ramjet propulsion. Various potential energy derived strategies are investigated for providing a sufficient velocity increment to sustain ramjet propulsion for a presumptive UAV (Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle) system.
Transient Characteristics of 1000 kV Capacitor Voltage Transformer Based on ATP-EMTP

In accordance with the equipment insulation and the present status of China Ultra-high voltage project, capacitor voltage transformer is chosen for voltage transformer in Jindongnan-nanyang-jinmen 1000 kV UHVAC pilot project of China. To study the transient characteristics of 1000 kV CVT, this paper analyzes the saturated characteristic of nonlinear elements, such as the intermediate transformer and saturated reactor, establishes the calculated model of 1000 kV CVT based on ATP-EMTP, calculates the ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage in different damping resistor value, and gets the optimally damping resistor value which is just the damping resistor value used in project. The wave of secondary-output ferroresonance overvoltage in simulation accords with the wave in test. This paper also calculates the ferroresonance overvoltage and transient response overvolage at different switch phase angles, gets the maximal multiple of resonance overvoltage and value of secondary transient response voltage. The transient performance parameter is selected in the stage of prototype design, and a scientific and accurate diagnostic tool of CVT transient performance is presented, which resolves the contradiction that the test can not imitate the field actual conditions.
Nutrition and handicapped children.

Not only is nutrition a vital part of the comprehensive care and rehabilitation of handicapped children, but it is an important factor in both primary and secondary prevention of such conditions.
The Big Black Brain: Subdural Hemorrhage with Hemispheric Swelling and Low Attenuation

The term "Big Black Brain" was first coined in 1993 to describe cases of abusive head trauma associated with subdural hematoma(s), brain swelling, and uni- or bilateral hypo-density involving the entire supratentorial compartment on CT scan imaging. This constellation of findings was invariably followed by extensive cerebral parenchymal destruction and a dismal neurological outcome or death. We describe two such cases and review the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of this entity.
Articulated embedding in market development for underserved communities:The case of clean energy

In this paper, we conceptualize markets for underserved communities as being constituted by local institutions that are typically opaque to outsiders and reflect conditions of extreme resource scar...
Interaction of polyethyleneglycol-phospholipid conjugates with cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine mixtures: sterically stabilized liposome formulations.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) conjugate interaction with cholesterol-phospholipid mixtures in an attempt to explain the effect of cholesterol on liposome circulation time.
Abstract 4666: DREAMing as a simple and low cost alternative for the assessment of methylation in ultra rare DNA

Background: Current approaches for the assessment of methylation, such as methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and next-generation bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq) are fundamentally limited in their ability to detect and assess heterogeneous methylation patterns (epialleles) in ultra-rare ( Methods: We expand upon the underlying theory of DREAMing and provide guidelines for the development of single-copy sensitive DREAMing assays. We further elucidate methods for tailoring DREAMing assays to samples of interest and compare the performance of these assays to commonly employed techniques including quantitative MSP (qMSP) and BS-Seq. Results: Development of single-copy sensitive DREAMing assays for a number of loci associated with classic tumor-specific methylation such as CHFR and RASSF1A as well as a candidate pan-cancer locus are reported. These assays are then used to analyze methylation in cfDNA derived from the plasma of cancer-positive and healthy patients. DREAM analysis reveals that DREAMing can readily detect over an order of magnitude more epialleles when directly compared to qMSP and BS-Seq assays of the same locus. Some of the challenges associated with distinguishing potential tumor-specific aberrant methylation from background methylation are then discussed and proposed solutions are demonstrated. Lastly, methods for optimizing DREAMing assays for specific sample types are discussed. Conclusions: DREAMing is a recently introduced method for the assessment of locus-specific methylation in samples containing ultra rare target DNA. Its low cost and simplicity coupled with the ability to provide enhanced, single-copy detection of heterogeneous methylation make DREAMing an attractive option over traditional techniques for demanding specimens such as cfDNA and rare cell populations. DREAMing has potential utility in the evaluation of DNA methylation dynamics in cell populations, prenatal testing, as well as clear use in early cancer diagnostic, companion diagnostic and predictive applications. Citation Format: Thomas R. Pisanic, Pornpat Athamanolap, Brendan F. Miller, Vincent Wu, Laura Elnitski, Tza-Huei Wang. DREAMing as a simple and low cost alternative for the assessment of methylation in ultra rare DNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4666. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4666
“The Presence of the Present”: Derrida, Adorno, and the Autonomy of Philosophy

In Voice and Phenomenon, Jacques Derrida conducts a critique of Husserlian phenomenology, simultaneously articulating crucial concepts for a theory of deconstruction in the interstices of Husserl’s premises. His critique of Husserl is synecdochic insofar as it works to facilitate a much broader critique of the tradition of Western philosophy itself. In Against Epistemology, Theodor Adorno similarly takes up a critique of Husserlian phenomenology toward a broader critique of the history of philosophy. Several theorists have, for this occasion among others, taken to drawing comparisons between Derrida and Adorno. The occasion of their respective critiques of Husserl forms the basis of my analyses here. These critiques represent a kind of microcosm from which one can extrapolate broader methodological tendencies in deconstruction and critical theory. To address claims about deconstruction and its relation to the future of critical theory, it is worthwhile to consider the literature devoted to this comparison and the political implications expressed therein. A review of the primary texts and the relevant literature reveals critical assumptions about what is meant by the term “politics” in contemporary philosophy. This restricted sense of what is meant by politics reveals presuppositions concerning the nature of philosophy and its relation to social critique.
An Institution-Wide Algorithm for Treatment of Type II Endoleak Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)

Objectives:Multiple endovascular techniques have been described for the treatment of persistent type II endoleaks (pT2ELs) causing aneurysm sac growth following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)....
Dominant Microorganisms of the Upper Ocean: Form and Function, Spatial Distribution and Photoregulation of Biochemical Processes

The microorganisms that account for 90% of the biomass in the upper layer of the open sea are so small they pass through a 10 µm porosity plankton net, but are so numerous that a 3 or 30 ml sample yields a statistically significant count of the bacteria and flagellates, respectively. The bacterial population contains not only the organotrophs responsible for organic matter decomposition and mineralization, but conspicuous and important populations of both phototrophic and chemotrophic autotrophs as well as an undetermined population of lysotrophic bacteria which prey upon other bacteria. These procaryotic cells lacking membrane-bound organelles interact with the eucaryotic (true) cells of the protists (unicellular microorganisms with organelles) that are equally divided between chloroplast-containing phototrophic flagellates and colorless phagotrophic (particle eating) flagellates.
Happy death men.

HAPPY DEATH MEN Jessica M. Fletcher April 23, 2012 Happy Death Men is a series of excerpts from a novel of the same name. It is a work of magical realism that follows in the footsteps of Haruki Murakami and Neil Gaiman. The novel consists of two main storylines, one about a widower named Henry, and the other about his grandson, Tory, both of whose experiences with the supernatural helps them overcome their respective loneliness. This novel explores the idea of being alive, but not living and the ideas of passivity versus taking an active role to change one's life.
Education to Identify and Combat Racial Bias in Pain Treatment

Reducing racial disparities in pain treatment requires an interdisciplinary approach to identifying causes of racial biases and teaching health care professionals to recognize and reduce them.
Energy and Energy Budgets

Organisms are comprised of cells, which are highly organized groupings of complex molecules. To maintain the degree of organization making up life, energy of the right magnitude is necessary. One learns from thermodynamics that the natural trend of the universe is to go toward increased entropy, i.e., from a degree of order toward more disorder. Life on earth runs contrary to this general inexorable trend, but it does so at the expense of the sun.
DOES AGE BLOC VOTING MATTER? AN EXAMINATION OF OLDER VOTERS INFLUENCE ON THE RECENT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

In the 2008 election, the majority of older persons failed to vote for the winner, instead opting for the Republican instead of Democrat Barack Obama This trend continued in the 2012, but not in 2016 when older persons favored Republican Donald Trump. Studies of prior elections suggest that although age may have an effect on voting behavior, race was a much stronger predictor of voting choices. This presentation begins by discussing partisan leanings as a possible factor for why older voters prefer Republican candidates. It then presents views regarding health care issues by different age-groups and whether there is evidence for age-bloc voting in support of old-age retirement programs in the 2012 and 2016 elections. Next, it compares the results from the elections, focusing on age-groups and race/ethnicity, and discusses voting behaviors by region. Findings indicate that race/ethnicity and region tend to be stronger predictors of voting choices than age-groups.