cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards data-driven decision-making for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy and reconstruction: Prediction of individual patient-reported outcomes at two-year follow-up using machine learning.

520Background: Post-surgical satisfaction with breasts is a key outcome for women undergoing cancer-related mastectomy and reconstruction. Current decision making relies on group-level evidence, wh...
Factors Influencing Consumers’ Intention to Adopt Fashion Robot Advisors: Psychological Network Analysis:

Drawing upon the theory of human–robot interaction (HRI), this study examined the relations among perceived characteristics of fashion robot advisors (FRAs), consumers’ negative preconceptions towa...
Expanding the Toolkit of Fluorescent Biosensors for Studying Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Plants

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of numerous biological processes in plants. To better understand the mechanisms by which these kinases function, high resolution measurement of MAPK activation kinetics in different biological contexts would be beneficial. One method to measure MAPK activation in plants is via fluorescence-based genetically-encoded biosensors, which can provide real-time readouts of the temporal and spatial dynamics of kinase activation in living tissue. Although fluorescent biosensors have been widely used to study MAPK dynamics in animal cells, there is currently only one MAPK biosensor that has been described for use in plants. To facilitate creation of additional plant-specific MAPK fluorescent biosensors, we report the development of two new tools: an in vitro assay for efficiently characterizing MAPK docking domains and a translocation-based kinase biosensor for use in plants. The implementation of these two methods has allowed us to expand the available pool of plant MAPK biosensors, while also providing a means to generate more specific and selective MAPK biosensors in the future. Biosensors developed using these methods have the potential to enhance our understanding of the roles MAPKs play in diverse plant signaling networks affecting growth, development, and stress response.
Connections, Disconnections, and Reconnections

This chapter studies various representations of the emotional dimension of the Airworld as an environment of sociability and coexistence. It portrays airport terminals as a setting for passionate encounters and separations, as well as greetings and farewells. The chapter discusses the overflow of feelings that characterize the experience of travelers who, due to geopolitical circumstances, return from a prolonged exile or forced migration. It analyzes numerous works of fiction, mainly films, in which the Airworld is a significant relational space for ordinary passengers whose accidental encounters may transform their lives, resurrect former love relationships, and occasionally trigger the emergence of intensely passionate ones. These narratives suggest that the recurrence and the significance of these human interactions establish the Airworld as an anthropological place invested with identity, relationships, and memory.
Ultrathin biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent versus contemporary durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent for percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Introduction Improvements in coronary drug-eluting stent technology has focused on reducing the long-term complications associated with the effects of the residual footprint on the vessel wall. Although many of the newer stents have exhibited noninferiority to the durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent (DP-EES), they have yet to exhibit clear superiority. We compared the performance of the latest ultrathin strut biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents (BP-SES) to DP-EES. Methods We searched the electronic databases for randomized controlled trials comparing BP-SES to DP-EES. A random effect meta-analysis was performed using the Poisson regression model. The primary end point was target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), cardiac death and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Results There was no difference between the stents in stent thrombosis [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-1.06), TLR (IRR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.57-1.38), TVMI (IRR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.61-1.01), cardiac death (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.76-1.29) and target vessel failure (IRR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.64-1.06). In addition, there was no difference in TLF (IRR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.64-1.06). There was evidence of reduced TLF in small vessels with BP-SES based on definition used (defined as ≤2.75 mm; IRR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.91 versus ≤3 mm; IRR 1.11, 95% CI 0.90-1.36). Conclusion In our study, the performance of the latest generation BP-SES was comparable to DP-EES but failed to show superiority. The possible benefit in patients with small vessels should be explored future trials.
Acute Onset Neck Swelling in a Full Term Infant

1. Ashley Colberg Sabo, MD, FAAP* 2. Jonathan Marino Sherman, MD† 1. *Department of General Pediatrics and Academic Medicine, Advocate Children’s Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL 2. †Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Advocate Children’s Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL A 9-day-old boy born following a 39-week gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery with no complications is transferred from an outside hospital emergency department after 1 day of increasing swelling of the left neck and cheek. The patient’s mother initially noticed the swelling on the morning of the day of admission. She reports that the infant had increased irritability the night prior. Over the course of the day, the swelling increased without overlying skin changes. The infant had no problems feeding, changes in urine output, emesis or diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, stridor, or fever at home. There were no recent sick contacts. The patient’s only medical history is ankyloglossia, which was recognized at birth when the patient struggled with breastfeeding. This led to outpatient otolaryngology evaluation and lingual frenulotomy on day 3 of life. The patient is brought to the outside emergency department where he is found to have no fever, age appropriate vital signs, and a white blood …
Demystifying Resource Management Risks in Emerging Mobile App-in-App Ecosystems

App-in-app is a new and trending mobile computing paradigm in which native app-like software modules, called sub-apps, are hosted by popular mobile apps such as Wechat, Baidu, TikTok and Chrome, to enrich the host app's functionalities and to form an "all-in-one app" ecosystem. Sub-apps access system resources through the host, and their functionalities come close to regular mobile apps (taking photos, recording voices, banking, shopping, etc.). Less clear, however, is whether the host app, typically a third-party app, is capable of securely managing sub-apps and their access to system resources. In this paper, we report the first systematic study on the resource management in app-in-app systems. Our study reveals high-impact security flaws, which allow the adversary to stealthily escalate privilege (e.g., accessing the camera, photo gallery, microphone, etc.) or acquire sensitive data (e.g., location, passwords of Amazon, Google, etc.). To understand the impacts of those flaws, we developed an analysis tool that automatically assesses 11 popular app-in-app platforms on both Android and iOS. Our results brought to light the prevalence of the security flaws. We further discuss the lessons learned and propose mitigation strategies.
Suffering for Her Faith: The Importance of an Intersectional Perspective on Gendered Religious Persecution in International Law

Women around the world suffer from discriminatory treatment ranging from violent persecution to social differentiation. Likewise, religious people are routinely targeted because of their faith. Moreover, many women of faith have historically been and are still today subject to increased risk of harm or actually experience a greater level of targeted harm (as compared to non-religious women or religious men) because of the interplay between their religious and gender identities. Despite this, a number of the most prominent international legal institutions that deal directly with discrimination against women inadequately use inter-sectional language to refer to religious women. In fact, there is a notable gap in scholar- ship and legal documents specifically addressing the disparate impact of discrimination toward religious women and a tendency to treat religion more as a source of oppression than as a distinct identity. Although many international organizations and agreements address issues of gender and religious discrimination separately, human rights bodies need to do more to address the intersection of gendered religious discrimination. This Note is directed both at audiences who may be skeptical of or hostile toward inter-sectionality as a legal or policy framework, and at audiences who may support inter-sectionality but who are skeptical of or hostile toward religion. It addresses the importance of religious and gender identities and the ways those two identities are often inextricably linked. This Note highlights a variety of historical and contemporary examples of persecution of religious women through an inter-sectional perspective, evaluates the failings of various international human rights institutions to address gendered religious persecution, and proposes a variety of recommendations for such groups to more consistently employ inter-sectionality to advance the human rights of women of faith.
Risk Assessment of Visceral Sarcomas: A Comparative Study of 2698 Cases from the SEER Database

Soft tissue sarcomas arising in visceral organs are rare and lack validated tumor-staging protocols. Clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of 2698 visceral sarcomas identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database were compared with sarcomas arising in the extremities/trunk (n = 10,237) or retroperitoneum (n = 1067) using standard statistical techniques. Important prognostic criteria for visceral sarcomas, as in other anatomic sites, included tumor size, histologic grade, and presence of metastatic disease. After adjustment for pertinent confounding factors, visceral sarcomas showed cancer-specific survival rates similar to those arising in the retroperitoneum but had worse outcomes than sarcomas in the extremities/trunk. Therefore, the prognostic performance of two different staging algorithms for retroperitoneal sarcomas was evaluated for their use in staging sarcomas of visceral organs. The current AJCC 8th edition and the recently derived Vanderbilt system for staging retroperitoneal sarcoma both showed adequate discrimination, as assessed by multiple clinical concordance indices, and no evidence of miscalibration. Therefore, the authors concluded that previously validated staging systems for retroperitoneal sarcomas based on conventional prognostic factors (histologic grade, tumor size, and presence of metastatic disease) are applicable to visceral sarcomas and should be incorporated into the next edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual.
An Adversarial Learning Based Approach for Unknown View Tomographic Reconstruction.

The goal of 2D tomographic reconstruction is to recover an image given its projection lines from various views. It is often presumed that projection angles associated with the projection lines are known in advance. Under certain situations, however, these angles are known only approximately or are completely unknown. It becomes more challenging to reconstruct the image from a collection of random projection lines. We propose an adversarial learning based approach to recover the image and the projection angle distribution by matching the empirical distribution of the measurements with the generated data. Fitting the distributions is achieved through solving a min-max game between a generator and a critic based on Wasserstein generative adversarial network structure. To accommodate the update of the projection angle distribution through gradient back propagation, we approximate the loss using the Gumbel-Softmax reparameterization of samples from discrete distributions. Our theoretical analysis verifies the unique recovery of the image and the projection distribution up to a rotation and reflection upon convergence. Our extensive numerical experiments showcase the potential of our method to accurately recover the image and the projection angle distribution under noise contamination.
Energy-Efficient Adiabatic Circuits Using Transistor-Level Monolithic 3D Integration

Charge-recycling adiabatic circuits are recently receiving increased attention due to both high energy-efficiency and higher resistance against side-channel attacks. These characteristics make adiabatic circuits a promising technique for Internet-of-things based applications. One of the important limitations of adiabatic logic is the higher intra-cell interconnect capacitance due to differential outputs and cross-coupled pMOS transistors. Since energy consumption has quadratic dependence on capacitance in adiabatic circuits (unlike conventional static CMOS where dependence is linear), higher interconnect capacitance significantly degrades the overall power savings that can be achieved by adiabatic logic, particularly in nanoscale technologies. In this paper, monolithic 3D integrated adiabatic circuits are introduced where transistor-level monolithic 3D technology is used to implement adiabatic gates. A 45 nm two-tier Mono3D PDK is used to demonstrate the proposed approach. Monolithic inter-tier vias are leveraged to significantly reduce parasitic interconnect capacitance, achieving up to 47% reduction in power-delay product as compared to 2D adiabatic circuits in a 45 nm technology node.
Are soil phenoforms the new normal? Soil classification and soil mapping in the Anthropocene

Abstract The proposed Anthropocene epoch is characterized by intense human intervention on the soil resource. To characterize this, two concepts have been defined. Soil genoforms are the central concepts of mappable soil bodies, including permanently altered soils. These are represented by soil profiles which are the soil “individuals” of soil classification, and are based on relatively permanent soil characteristics. Soil phenoforms are persistent, but reversible, non-cyclical variants of a soil genoform with sufficient physical, chemical or biological differences to substantially affect soil functions, especially regulation and production functions. Soil phenoforms are the result of differential soil management and are directly linked to the soil security concept of soil condition. Map-unit based soil survey and classification has typically identified and mapped soil genoforms, ignoring the diversity of soil phenoforms that may be found within map units, and consequently their differential functioning. This latter is especially important in the evaluation of the soil resource with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN. Developments in digital soil mapping suggest that it may be feasible to identify and map soil phenoforms in regularly-updated soil survey. This has implications for soil classification: (1) some soil genoforms as presently defined contain more than one stable soil genoform, and so should be split into several genoforms; (2) soil phenoforms should be recognized as dynamic forms within the soil classification system. An open challenge is how to identify and efficiently map soil phenoforms in regularly-updated soil survey.
A Possible Archaeological Case of the Taxation of Medieval Eurasian Nomads

At several locations in the Mongolian steppe, the archaeological remains of large enclosure walls have been found in association with structures and ceramics related to the Mongol and Khitan-Liao empires. These structures are probably the remains of infrastructure built to support large-scale extraction of livestock from the pastoralist population in Mongolia between the ninth and fourteenth centuries. This may be evidence of little-documented taxation policies of steppe states during this period, the scale of the production of resource surplus from the steppe, and examples of state-structured pastoralist landscapes and the state itself in the everyday experience of medieval herders.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND COMPUTER­ AIDED MANUFACTURING

In recent years, intense international competition has forced companies to seek better manufacturing techniques and systems with a higher level of automation to increase productivity gain and improve quality end product.(1–4,13) One of the possible solutions is through the effective use of digital computers and their peripherals in the design and manufacture of products. Because of the advancement of hardware and software in digital computers, their use in the design and manufacture of products has greatly reduced the manufacturing cost and constitutes substantial productivity gains in various industries. This application of digital computers in manufacturing has evolved into a new technology commonly known as computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Computer-aided design can be described as any design activity that effectively utilizes digital computers to create, retrieve, modify, draft, and store an engineering design; while the Computer-Aided Manufacturing—International defines computer-aided manufacturing as the effective utilization of computer technology in the management, control, and operations of the manufacturing facility through either direct or indirect computer interface with the physical and human resources of the company to produce high-quality end products.
Understanding concerns in software: insights gained from two case studies

Much of the complexity of software arises from the interactions between disparate concerns. Even in well-designed software, some concerns can not always be encapsulated in a module. Research on separation of concerns seeks to address this problem, but we lack an understanding of how programmers conceptualize the notion of a concern and then identify that concern in code. In this work, we have conducted two exploratory case studies to better understand these issues. The case studies involved programmers identifying concerns and associated code in existing, unfamiliar software: GNU's sort.c and the game Minesweeper. Based on our experiences with these two case studies, we have identified several types of concerns and have detailed a number of factors that impact programmer identification of concerns. Based on these insights, we have created two sets of guidelines: one to help programmers identify relevant concerns and another to help programmers identify code relating to concerns.
One L in a Different Voice: Beconming a Gay Male Feminist at Harvard Law School

This essay is part of a collection of autobiographical essays on experiences as first-year law students. The author's experience at Harvard Law School (1975-1978) is recounted in all its unpleasantness. In the mid-1970s, Harvard Law School was not well-prepared for students on the left, students of diverse racial backgrounds, women students, and especially not for gay students like the author. Though the institution proved to be well-meaning over the longer term, and the author in his time there encountered a number of individual efforts that were both kind and helpful, overall the experience was one of institutional recalcitrance that cast student efforts to encourage reform as oppositional. In addition to general student dissatisfaction with pedagogy and placement services, the essay describes the effect on the author of the dearth of women professors and of feminism, and the total absence of academic reflection on sex or homosexuality and of visible gay role models. It also describes the author's attempt to find some kind of personal and political community through participation in the Lawyers Guild and through personal activities in the Boston gay scene of the mid-1970s.
Constraint programming applications in designing electronic agents: An experimental study

This paper explores the designing of effective artificial agents. It reports some real experiments with artificial agents working on a realistic problem: exploring suppliers' pricing strategies and consumers' consumption strategies in a deregulated stochastic electric power marketplace. Several domain specific constraint-handling techniques in genetic algorithms, which are the core for agents learning, have been implemented and tested in a unified experimental setting, with promising results. The approach can be generalized to other network industries, such as gas, water, financial service and telecommunications.
A framework on spatio-temporal resource search

In this paper, we establish a framework for the spatio-temporal resource search problem. In a spatio-temporal resource search problem, a mobile agent tries to find a desired static resource in a network. The resources are statically located in the network. The task is to guide the agent through the network to find a resource with lowest possible cost. There are lots of applications in urban transportation systems that fit in this kind of setup. One example is a vehicle that searches for street parking in a neighborhood of a city. Another example is a taxicab that cruises in an area to find customers. In these examples, street parking spaces and taxicab customers are the static resources being searched. In this work, we develop two algorithms, namely the Random Walk Algorithm and the Prophet Algorithm, that serve as the lower and upper bounds on the performance of any reasonable algorithm that assumes some kind of information about the availability of the resources. Furthermore, when assuming that the resource-availability probabilities for each edge in the network are known to the agent, we develop the Probabilistic Algorithm using these probabilities. We conducted experiments for the three algorithms under different conditions, and the results show that using the Probabilistic Algorithm, the agent can perform much better than having no information at all, and surprisingly close to the performance upper bound.
Blind channel identification for multirate precoding and OFDM systems

Algorithms are proposed for blind estimation of frequency selective channels in a multirate precoding communications system. These methods exploit the cyclostationarity induced by a filter-bank structure at the transmitter to identify FIR nonminimum phase channels without higher-order statistics or fractional-sampling. As an example, OFDM systems are considered with and without the cyclic prefix. Some redundancy, independent of the channel memory is shown to be necessary for OFDM and other orthonormal transformation systems for blind channel identification. Methods of blind channel estimation for more general transform modulations are also supported in this framework. Monte Carlo simulations are used to provide examples of performance.
Models of integration of oncology and palliative care.

Main problem: Palliative care aims to improve cancer patients’ quality of life through expert symptom management, psychosocial and spiritual care, patient-clinician communication, facilitation of complex decision making, and end-of-life care planning. Over the past few years, there has been increasing interest and evidence to support integration of oncology and palliative care. However, it remains unclear how best to promote integration. The goal of this review is to examine contemporary conceptual models and clinical approaches to integrate oncology and palliative care. Methods: Narrative review. Results: Conceptual models are useful to help stakeholders understand the rationale for integration, to compare the risks and benefits among different practices, and to define a vision towards integration. We will review four major conceptual models of integration, including (I) the time-based model which emphasizes on integration based on chronological criterion; (II) the provider-based (palli-centric) model which discusses primary, secondary and tertiary palliative care; (III) the issue-based (onco-centric) model which illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of the solo practice, congress and integrated care approaches, and (IV) the system-based (patient-centric) model which emphasizes automatic referral based on clinical events. Clinical models provide actual data on the feasibility, efficacy and effectiveness of integration in specific settings. The evidence and challenges related to selected clinical models in integrating oncology and palliative care, such as outpatient palliative care clinics and embedded clinics will be discussed. Conclusions: There are multiple conceptual models and clinical models to promote integration. Further research is needed to inform best practices for integration at different healthcare settings.
Decoupling elongation and segmentation: notch involvement in anostracan crustacean segmentation.

serve that segmentation posterior to the third or fourth trunk segment is arrested. Despite this marked effect on segment addition, other aspects of segmentation are unaffected. In the segments that develop, segment size and boundaries between segments appear normal, engrailed stripes are normal in size and alignment, and overall growth is unaffected. By demonstrating Notch involvement in crustacean segmentation, our findings expand the evidence that Notch plays a crucial role in sequential segmentation in arthropods. At the same time, our observations contribute to an emerging picture that loss-of-function Notch phenotypes differ significantly between arthropods suggesting variability in the role of Notch in the regulation of sequential segmentation. This variability in the function of Notch in arthropod segmentation confounds inferences of homology with vertebrates and lophotrochozoans.
EPHEDRIN THERAPY IN ADDISON’S DISEASE

Our knowledge of Ma Huang, according to Chen, dates back into the dim history of China some 5,000 years. “Ma” signifies astringent, and “Huang” yellow. The first mention of it appeared in the Chinese dispensatory in 1596 A.D. Nagai, in 1887, isolated an alkaloid from it which he named ephedrin. The recent work of Chen and Schmidt has focused attention on the pharmacologic actions of ephedrin and its possible clinical value. The chemical structure of ephedrin, according to Chen, is probably C6H5OH-CH. CH3-NHCH2. Kendall, of the Mayo Clinic, has investigated the fundamental behavior of ephedrin and epinephrin, particularly in relation to their oxidizing properties. In this connection we quote him as follows: “The structural formula of epinephin has been established by its synthesis. The chemical groups present and their precise arrangement are known beyond question. The chemical structure of ephedrin is also known, and inspection of the structural formulas of these two substances show them to be closely rel...
A survey of the signal stability and radiation dose response of sulfates in the context of adapting optical dating for Mars

Abstract The Martian landscape is currently dominated by eolian processes, and eolian dunes are a direct geomorphic expression of the dynamic interaction between the atmosphere and the lithosphere of planets. The timing, frequency, and spatial extent of dune mobility directly reflects changing climatic conditions, therefore, sedimentary depositional ages are important for understanding the paleoclimatic and geomorphologic history of features and processes present on the surface of the Earth or Mars. Optical dating is an established terrestrial dosimetric dating technique that is being developed for this task on Mars. Gypsum and anhydrite are two of the most stable and abundant sulfate species found on the Earth, and they have been discovered in Martian sediments along with various magnesium sulfates and jarosite. In this study, the optical dating properties of various Ca-, Mg-, and Fe-bearing sulfates were documented to help evaluate the influence they may have on in-situ optical dating in eolian environments on Mars. Single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) experimental procedures have been adapted to characterize the radiation dose response and signal stability of the Martian sulfate analogs. Jarosite was dosimetrically inert in our experiments. The radiation dose response of the Ca- and Mg-sulfates was monotonically increasing in all cases with characteristic doses ranging from ∼100 to ∼1000 Gy. Short-term signal fading also varied considerably in the Ca- and Mg-sulfates ranging from ∼0% to ∼40% per decade for these materials. These results suggest that the OSL properties of Ca- and Mg-sulfates will need to be considered when developing protocols for in-situ optical dating on Mars, but more enticingly, our results foreshadow the potential for gypsum to be developed as a geochronometer for Mars or the Earth.
Optical transients in cascaded EDFA's: effects on transmission system performance

The performance of dynamic DWDM transmission systems is often limited by the sensitivity of constituent EDFA's to optical power transients. The effects of transients in EDFA cascades are described and resulting system penalties are quantified.
Elevated ejection fractions in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms

The etiology of chest pain in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms has not been established. There has been no explanation for the association of electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and myocardial metabolic abnormalities consistent with myocardial ischemia observed in some patients with this disorder. Historical, clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic data of 45 patients (24 females, 21 males), mean age 47.5 years, with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms are reviewed. Left ventriculograms were analyzed utilizing the single-plane cineangiographic measurement of left ventricular volume. Systolic ejection fractions for the 45 patients ranged from 0.66 to 0.91 (mean 0.80 ± 0.01 SEM). Ventricular volumes determined angiographically revealed mean end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes of 83 ± 5 ml and 18 ± 2 ml, respectively. The mean changes in longitudinal and transverse segmental axis shortening that occurred during ventricular systole were 28.8% and 50.7%, respectively. These elevated values for ejection fraction, and reduced measurements of ventricular volumes, indicate that some patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms may have small hearts with hyperdynamic ventricular contraction. These findings suggest that hyperdynamic ventricular contraction may play a causative role in the development of transient, angina-like chest pain in these patients. The etiology of the proposed hyperdynamic ventricle is unknown, but it may be attributable to increased beta-sympathetic stimulation of the myocardium.
Measurement of internal movements within the 30 S ribosomal subunit using Förster resonance energy transfer.

We have used Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to study specific conformational changes in the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit that occur upon association with the 50 S subunit. By measuring energy transfer between 13 different pairs of fluorescent probes attached to specific positions on 30 S subunit proteins, we have monitored changes in distance between different locations within the 30 S subunit in its free and 50 S-bound states. The measured distance changes provide restraints for modeling the movement that occurs within the 30 S subunit upon formation of the 70 S ribosome in solution. Treating the head, body, and platform domains of the 30 S subunit as simple rigid bodies, the lowest-energy solution converges on a model that satisfies each of the individual FRET restraints. In this model, the 30 S subunit head tilts towards the 50 S subunit, similar to the movement found in comparing 30 S subunits and 70 S ribosomes from X-ray and cryo-electron microscope structures, and the platform is predicted to undergo a clock-wise rotation upon association.
Determination of specular points on a surface of revolution

For a given source and observation point, specular points on a conducting surface must be found in order to apply the geometrical optics theory to calculate the reflected field. An efficient method is presented for finding all the specular points for the special case in which the conducting surface is a part of a surface of revolution. Our method, which reduces the conventional two-dimensional search to a one-dimensional search, results in a significant savings in computer time. A one-dimensional search also makes it economically feasible to obtain a global solution for certain classes of surface, source, and observation point geometries that do not render solutions in the more conventional two-dimensional searches.
Emotional triggers and psychopathology associated with suicidal ideation in urban children with elevated aggressive-disruptive behavior

8.6% suicidal ideation (SI) was found among 349 urban 6-9 year olds in the top tercile of aggressive-disruptive behavior. SI was associated with more self-reported depression, ODD, conduct problems, and ADHD symptoms (ES 0.70-0.97) and 3.5-5 times more clinically significant symptoms. Parents rated more symptoms in older children associated with SI compared to parents of similar age children without SI, including greater somatic and behavior problems in 8-9 year olds with SI. Parent ratings did not differentiate SI and non-SI in 6-7 year olds. SI frequently co-occurred with thoughts about death. Children described anger, dysphoria and interpersonal conflict as motivators/triggers for SI and worries about safety/health as motivator/triggers for thoughts about death, suggesting that problems managing emotionally challenging situations are a specific factor in initiating SI. Universal and indicated interventions for children to strengthen emotional self-regulation and behavioral control are recommended to complement the current emphasis on suicide prevention among adolescents.
A mechanism for the degradation of superconducting transition temperatures on high energy neutron irradiation in A-15 compounds

Abstract Electron microscopic observations of neutron irradiated Nb3Sn revealed the presence of highly disordered regions of size ∼35 A in a much less disordered matrix. This observation is shown to provide a means of explaining quantitatively many superconducting properties of irradiated A-15 compounds. In particular T c of the irradiated materials could be easily predicted using the mathematical formulations developed for the proximity effect.
Dipole moments of the sulfides of Pb, Sn, and Si from Stark effect measurements☆

Abstract The Stark components of some microwave rotational transitions of the sulfides of lead, tin, and silicon were studied in the frequency region 20–36 GHz at temperatures ranging from 680 to 800°C, and the dipole moments were determined (Debye): μ (PbS) = 4.02 ± 0.10; μ (SnS) = 3.38 ± 0.07; μ (SiS) = 1.74 ± 0.07.
Multispin correlation functions for Ising models

We calculate the multispin correlation functions away from ${T}_{c}$ of a two-dimensional Ising lattice along the diagonal. We also present the result for a four-spin correlation function in the scaling limit. These results show that with slight modifications, the operator reduction formulae of Kadanoff hold.
The analysis and modification of a deviant parent-youth communication pattern

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to improve a program designed to phase “pre-delinquent” youths residing in a community-based group home back into their natural homes. Structured discussions were set up between such a youth and his mother. An analysis of these discussions confirmed staff suspicions that the mother's verbal behavior was primarily critical and largely lacking in positive feedback. The mother's modified verbal behavior resulted in corresponding changes in her son's verbal behavior. These procedures might enhance the effects of a contingency contracting program in reuniting such families.
Highly effective diffractive adaptive holographic element for dynamic image processing

ABSTRACT Highly efficient diffractive grating based on doped photorefractive crystal Bi12TiO20have been applied for measurement of displacement after mechanic and temperature loadingwithout application of external electric field. The diffraction efficiency of the dopedcrystal is discovered in non-optimized optical set up I 00 times as much as that of theundoped crystals. Practically unlimited number of grating cycles of write, erase and readhave been performed without optical damage and external electric or temperature fields.High adaptivity of this grating to external influence fields allows creation of a newoptical developments of small size diffractive dynamic elements - DDE in contemporary optical engineering. Key words: diffractive dynamic holographic elements, adaptive supergrating, displacement testing. 1. INTRODUCTION Interferometry to nondestructive testing of construction is one of the challenging problemof optical engineering. The basic principle of interferometric methods is based on non-contact sensing of displacements which leads to stress measurements. Unfortunately asmall interference contrast of contemporary hologram interferometry technique inhibitsapplications of these methods to nondestructive testing problems of engineering. The
Bronze is beautiful but pale can be pretty: the effects of appearance standards and mortality salience on sun-tanning outcomes.

Objective: Using the terror management health model (J. L. Goldenberg & J. Arndt, 2008), the authors examined tanning outcomes as a function of priming tanning-relevant standards for attractiveness after reminders of death. Design: Study 1 consisted of 101 female college students recruited from a midwestern university; Study 2 consisted of 53 female participants recruited from a beach in south Florida. In both experiments, participants answered questions about their mortality or a control topic, and were presented with a fashion article that highlighted either the attractiveness of tanned (just in Study 1), pale, or natural-looking skin. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported suntan intentions (Study 1) and sunscreen intentions (Study 2). Study 2 also assessed participants' interest in various sun protection products. Results and Conclusions: Study 1 demonstrated that mortality salience led to higher tanning intentions when the association between tanned skin and physical attractiveness was made salient and reduced intentions when the attractiveness of paler skin was highlighted. In Study 2, beachgoers, after reminders of death, reported greater preference for high sun protection sunscreen after reading an article about the attractiveness of paler skin tones. These findings contribute to an emerging understanding of how mortality concerns can influence health-related judgment and behavior.
Spaces of hidden labor: migrant women and work in nonprofit organizations

Laboring in low-paid jobs with poor conditions, migrant women are some of the most vulnerable workers in the US labor market. These women often carry a disproportionate burden at home, expected to care for children and elderly relatives and maintain a stable and loving family. Given the weight of work and family obligations, migrant women workers often turn to community-based organizations for assistance with securing work, negotiating an abusive workplace situation, and making ends meet on low wages. Increasingly, organizations are recognizing the social reproduction concerns of migrant women. In crafting responses to this reality, much work is undertaken by staff members, clients, and volunteers that is hidden from the organizations' funders, from the clients' employers, and from official statistics. The objective of this article is to reveal how and why nonprofit organizations can act as a space for the hidden labor of social reproduction, as well as for economic development experiments that account fo...
Contemporary management of monochorionic diamniotic twins: outcomes and delivery recommendations revisited.

Objective We sought to investigate outcomes of contemporaneously managed monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins, stratified by pregnancy complication. Study design Four hundred eighteen MCDA pregnancies from 2001 through 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 236 ongoing pregnancies at 24 weeks' gestation. The likelihood of progressing from 24 weeks to 2 live births was 98.7% in uncomplicated pregnancies, 89.7% with twin-twin transfusion syndrome, and 100% with growth discordance, increasing at 32 weeks to 99.5%, 93.8%, and 100%, respectively. The relative risk (RR) of birth P Conclusion This represents one of the largest cohorts of MCDA twins. The risk of third-trimester fetal loss was low. The likelihood of both intrauterine fetal demise and preterm birth were greater in complicated pregnancies. In the absence of a clinical indication for delivery, these data do not support elective preterm delivery for prevention of intrauterine fetal demise in uncomplicated MCDA twins.
Dermal absorption and penetration of jet fuel components in humans.

Abstract Jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) is the largest source of chemical exposures on military bases. Dermal exposure to JP-8 has been investigated in vitro using rat or pig skin, but not in vivo in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the absorption and penetration of aromatic and aliphatic components of JP-8 in humans. A surface area of 20 cm 2 was delineated on the forearms of human volunteers and 1 ml of JP-8 was applied to the skin. Tape-strip samples were collected 30 min after application. Blood samples were taken before exposure ( t = 0 h), after exposure ( t = 0.5 h), and every 0.5 h for up to 4 h past exposure. The tape-strip samples showed evidence of uptake into the skin for all JP-8 components. The blood data was used to estimate an apparent permeability coefficient ( K p ). The rank order of the apparent K p was naphthalene > 1-methyl naphthalene = 2-methyl naphthalene > decane > dodecane > undecane. This rank order is similar to results from rat and pig-skin studies. However, this study demonstrates that rat and pig models of the skin over predict the internal dose of JP-8 components in humans.
Carrier dynamics and photoexcited emission efficiency of ZnO:Zn phosphor powders

Nonstoichiometric ZnO with an excess of Zn atoms (ZnO:Zn) has a long history of use as a green/monochrome phosphor in electron-excited vacuum fluorescent and field emission displays. The advent of ultraviolet lasers and light emitting diodes presents the possibility of photoexciting the highly efficient, defect-related green emission in ZnO:Zn. Here we study experimentally the time-integrated quantum efficiency and the time-resolved photoluminescence decays of both near band edge and defect emissions in unannealed (ZnO) and annealed (ZnO:Zn) nanoparticles under femtosecond excitation. A comparison of results using one-photon excitation (excitation primarily near the particle's surface) versus two-photon excitation (uniform excitation throughout the particle's volume) elucidates how the quantum efficiencies depend on material properties, such as the spatial distributions of radiative and nonradiative defects, and on optical effects, such as reabsorption.
In vitro evolution of intrinsically bent DNA.

Abstract DNA fragments which are intrinsically bent or curved migrate anomalously during electrophoresis through polyacrylamide gels. Starting with an initial population of approximately 1012 unique DNA sequences, DNA which exhibited the kind of anomalous mobility associated with DNA bending was selected and enriched using a variation of the SELEX procedure. After seven rounds of selection and amplification, the vast majority of the remaining population of DNA fragments migrated as bent DNA. Cloning and sequencing of 30 individual sequences from this population has yielded information regarding the relationship between DNA sequence and bending. Some of the previous conclusions on DNA bending have been confirmed while others have been modified, by the results presented here. In addition, the dinucleotide base step CA/TG, which had not been thought to be a major factor in DNA bending, appears to be important.
Demographic and lifestyle factors associated with body mass index among children and adolescents

Cases of overweight and obesity among adults, adolescents, and children are escalating in the United States. Using data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intake for Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1996 and 1998, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES), we developed multivariate regression models to examine the association between demographic and lifestyle variables (gender, race/ethnicity, age, family income, diet, and television viewing) and the body mass index (BMI) of children aged 6-11 years, and adolescents aged 12-19 years for CSFII and aged 12-16 years for NHANES. In the children's model, the statistically significant demographic predictors of BMI were age, race, gender, and family income. Among adolescents, the demographic predictors were age, race, and gender. Among the lifestyle variables, dietary factors were not associated with BMI in children. On the contrary, carbohydrates (less added sugars) had a statistically significant inverse relationship to BMI among adolescents. In both children and adolescents, television viewing was markedly associated with BMI, and participation in team sports was negatively associated with BMI. The overall process by which overweight develops is complex, and our four models explained only a small portion of total variance of BMI. The CSFII models explained 8.5% of the variance for children and 11.4% of the variance for adolescents. The NHANES models explained 8.8% of the variance for children and 12.5% of the variance for adolescents. Demographic variables accounted for roughly one-half of the explained variance for both children and adolescents. The rest of the explained variance was accounted for by television viewing, diet, and family income.
In Sickle Cell Disease Patients Coagulation Abnormalities Are Not A Major Predisposing Factor To Stroke † 768

In Sickle Cell Disease Patients Coagulation Abnormalities Are Not A Major Predisposing Factor To Stroke † 768
A High-Capacity LC/MS System for the Bioanalysis of Samples Generated from Plate-Based Metabolic Screening

HPLC/MS is a linear technique characterized by serial injection and analysis of individual samples. Parallel-format high-throughput screens for druglike properties present a significant analytical challenge. Analysis speed and system ruggedness are key requirements for bioanalysis of thousands of samples per day. The tasks involved in LC/MS analysis are readily divided into three areas, sample preparation/liquid handling, LC/MS method building/sample analysis, and data processing. Several automation and multitasking strategies were developed and implemented to minimize plating and liquid handling errors, reduce dead times within the analysis cycle, and allow for comprehensive review of data. Delivering multiple samples to multiple injectors allows the autosampler time to complete its wash cycles and aspirate the next set of samples while the previous set is being analyzed. A dual-column chromatography system provides column cycling and peak stacking and allows rapid throughput using conventional LC equipm...