cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Quantitative Trait Locus Allele from Wild Soybean That Increases Seed Protein Concentration in Soybean

Increases in the seed protein concentration of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] would improve the value of the crop. Two major quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles from Glycine soja Sieb, and Zucc. that increased seed protein concentration were identified previously. The first objective of our study was to test the two G. soja QTL alleles in a population developed through backerossing the alleles into a soybean background. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of one of the G, soja QTL alleles in three genetic backgrounds. A backcross three (BC3) population was developed and evaluated in the field across two locations over 2 yr. To test the allele in different backgrounds, a line from the backcross population was crossed to three soybean genotypes. Populations developed from these crosses were then evaluated in three field environments. In the hackcross population, genetic marker alleles linked to the QTL allele from G. soja on linkage group (LG) 1 were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with greater protein and less oil concentration, reduced yield, smaller seeds, taller plants, and earlier maturity than the G. max alleles. Markers linked to the second G, soja QTL allele on LG E were not significantly associated with seed or agronomic traits. In the genetic background tests, markers linked to the G. soja QTL allele on LG I were associated with an increase in protein concentration in two of the three crosses. These results show that seed component traits can be successfully modified through genetic mapping coupled with marker assisted selection.
Photo-control Of Atpase Activity Of The Kinesin Motor Domain Intermolecularly Cross-linked By Bifunctional Photochromic Compound

Kinesin is an ATP driven dimeric motor protein carries cellular cargoes along microtubules. Azobenzene-dimaleimide (ABDM) is a bifunctional SH reactive photochromic compounds. We have previously demonstrated that ABDM was incorporated into the functional site of skeletal muscle myosin head (S1), and the global conformational change of S1 was induced by cis-trans isomerization of the cross-linked ABDM upon UV/VIS light irradiation, which may mimic the conformational change accompanied by energy transduction. We have also cross-linked kinesin using ABDM in order to photo-control the ATPase activity of kinesin. We have prepared the mutants of kinesin motor domain T242C, A244C, A247C, L249C, A252C, G272C, and S275C, which have a single cysteine residue in L11 or L12. Only A252C cross-linked by ABDM showed significant alteration of ATPase activity upon UV and VIS light irradiation. In the present study, we prepared novel mutants of kinesin motor domain Q21C, L25C, R26C, in L1, binding site, S66C, Q104C in ATP binding site, T196C in L9, K273C, K274C, Y276C in L12 to regulate ATPase activity efficiently. The mutants were cross-linked intermolecularly by ABDM at high efficiency 70–90%. These mutants cross-linked by ABDM showed alteration of ATPase activity between UV and VIS light irradiation. Especially, the kinesin mutant A252C was regulated most effectively. Additionally, We also prepared the mutant of dimmer kinesin A252C or T353C in order to photo-regulate motility of kinesin with ABDM.
A model for providing health maintenance and promotion to children from low-income, ethnically diverse backgrounds.

Abstract Interest in health promotion has greatly increased in our society with the restructuring of health policy in the United States from a reactive stance emphasizing treatment of disease to an active stance focusing on prevention of disease and promotion of health. Health promotion aimed at children is crucial, particularly those from low-income, ethnically diverse backgrounds. However, this group is limited in its access to health promotion. If given the opportunity and resources, children can be taught to make positive health behaviors an integral part of their lives. The child health faculty at a university school of nursing has addressed this dilemma by establishing a nurse-managed health maintenance and promotion clinic. The model of health promotion described in this article consists of health assessment, health education, and health referrals. Implementation of the model is discussed and suggestions for replication are addressed.
The effect of loud noise on the psychological refractory period

The psychological refractory period effect was measured under the effects of a loud-noise stressor. It was demonstrated that the loud noise served to exaggerate the delay in the response to the second of two successive stimuli, but the effect was not greater with short interstimulus intervals, as indicated by theory. Arousal appears to affect processing stages prior to response selection.
A novel application of a Fresnel lens for a solar stove and solar heating

Abstract This paper presents a novel design and the prototyped solar cooking stove which uses a large Fresnel lens for the concentration of sunlight. The technology demonstrates high safety and efficiency of solar cooking and heating using Fresnel lenses which are low cost and available from off-the-shelf. The stove has a fixed heat-receiving area located at the focal point of the lens. The sunlight tracking system rotates the Fresnel lens about its focal point in both zenith and azimuth angles. The tracking is accomplished through a revolving motion of two rotation arms that hold the lens and a horizontal rotation of a platform that the lens system stands on. The rotation of the arms tracks the sunlight in zenith plane, while the rotation of the platform tracks in the azimuth plane. Since the solar tracking allows the Fresnel lens to concentrate sunlight to a fixed small heat-receiving area, relatively low heat loss and high energy efficiency is made possible. The heat is used to maintain a stovetop surface at temperatures around as high as 300 °C, which is practical for cooking applications in a very safe, user-friendly, and convenient manner. The system also demonstrates the possibility of transferring heat using a working fluid for indoor heating and cooking. Wider applications using the system for solar thermal collection and utilization are also undergoing development.
Failure analysis on non-visible front-end defects in deep NWELL implantation related process

In this paper, a low yield case with a specific failing pattern in the wafers and related to a systematic front-end defect in DNWELL from a specific location and structure in the device was discussed. This paper also illustrates and put emphasis on the importance of different Electrical and Physical FA techniques are critical to identify the culprit. These FA techniques include engaging TIVA analysis with DUT board, AFP current Imaging and nano-probing, Camelot layout path tracing, FIB circuit edit and junction staining. The systematic defect was due to DNWELL shorted to NWELL and resulted in IDD_off leakage. A detailed root cause analysis and failure mechanism of why this particular site always failed will be discussed in this paper. It would serve as a good reference to wafer Fab that encountered such issue.
A Polymeric Microfluidic Chip for CE/MS Determination of Small Molecules

A polymeric microfluidic chip made of Zeonor 1020 was fabricated using conventional embossing techniques to perform capillary electrophoresis for selected ion monitoring and selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometric detection of small molecules. A silicon master was microfabricated using photolithographic and dry etching processes. The microfluidic channel was embossed in the plastic from a silicon master. The embossed chip was thermally bonded with a Zeonor 1020 cover to form an enclosed channel. This channel (60-μm width, 20-μm depth, 2.0- and 3.5-cm length) provided capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of polar small molecules without surface treatment of the polymer. A microsprayer coupled via a microliquid junction provided direct electrospray mass spectrometric detection of CE-separated components. An electric field of 0.5−2 kV/cm applied between the microsprayer and a separation buffer reservoir produced a separation of carnitine, acylcarnitine, and butylcarnitine with separation efficie...
HrcA is a negative regulator of the dnaK and groESL operons of Streptococcus pyogenes.

Abstract The genome of Streptococcus pyogenes , an important human pathogen, encodes homologs of the principal bacterial heat shock proteins DnaK and GroES, -EL, as well as HrcA, a negative regulator of dnaK and groESL expression in other Gram-positive bacteria. Using nuclease protection assays to measure dnaK/groESL mRNA abundance and a “non-polar” insertion to disrupt hrcA , we demonstrate that heat shock triggers a 4- to 8-fold increase in dnaK and groESL -specific mRNAs within 5 min of the temperature shift and that HrcA is a negative regulator of S. pyogenes dnaK/groESL mRNA abundance in unstressed S. pyogenes . Although the loss of HrcA elevated dnaK and groESL mRNA levels under non-heat shock conditions, the relative abundance of these RNAs increased further in heat shocked S. pyogenes , suggesting an additional element contributing to their synthesis or stability.
Holistic Interventions for Acute Pain Episodes: An Integrative Review

Pain is a universal experience that lends itself to nursing interventions based on a holistic approach. Pain is a dynamic process, and relaxation techniques are based on the recognition of the interaction between the physiological and psychological components of the human body. Although acute episodes of pain are found in all areas of nursing practice, limited research using relaxation techniques as supplements to pharmacologic intervention has been reported. This article reviews six research studies that have implications for holistic interventions in nursing practice. Theoretical bases, findings, and discussion of relevance for holistic nursing practice are presented as well as recommendations for future research in the area of relaxation technique use during episodes of acute pain.
Implicit Sampling In Optical Data Processing

In contrast to conventional sampling, implicit sampling permits the unique representation of a bounded bandlimited bipolar function in terms of a set of positive real numbers. This is important for noncoherent optical processing as a means of handling bipolar input functions without suffering the non-coherent light buildup and associated loss of contrast in the output plane of the processor usually encountered in other approaches. We will describe recent results of applying implicit sampling in optical correlation and Fourier transformation that illustrate the utility of implicit sampling in optical computing.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Extreme Th1 bias of invariant Vα24JαQ T cells in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) is a disease controlled by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) which results from T-cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. The incomplete concordance in identical twins and the presence of autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies in individuals who do not develop diabetes suggest that other abnormalities must occur in the immune system for disease to result. We therefore investigated a series of at-risk non-progressors and type 1 diabetic patients (including five identical twin/triplet sets discordant for disease). The diabetic siblings had lower frequencies of CD4-CD8- Valpha24JalphaQ+ T cells compared with their non-diabetic sibling. All 56 Valpha24JalphaQ+ clones isolated from the diabetic twins/triplets secreted only interferon (IFN)-gamma upon stimulation; in contrast, 76 of 79 clones from the at-risk non-progressors and normals secreted both interleukin (IL)-4 and IFN-gamma. Half of the at-risk non-progressors had high serum levels of IL-4 and IFN-gamma. These results support a model for IDDM in which Thl-cell-mediated tissue damage is initially regulated by Valpha24JalphaQ+ T cells producing both cytokines; the loss of their capacity to secrete IL-4 is correlated with IDDM.
Further Observations on the Etiology of the Right Bundle Branch Block Pattern Following Right Ventriculotomy

Fifteen patients with various congenital heart defects were studied during open heart surgery in order to establish the precise mechanism by which a right ventriculotomy causes a right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern on the scalar electrocardiogram (ECG). All required a right ventriculotomy for the correction of their defects. In each, the right ventriculotomy was carried out in steps, with incisions (3 to 7) of approximately 1 cm in length. Six simultaneous scalar ECG leads were recorded prior to the first incision and following each incision. The QRS duration was then measured and related to the length of the ventriculotomy. Following the right ventriculotomy, 12 of the 15 patients developed an RBBB pattern; the remaining three did not. In all cases, the total increase in QRS duration occurred during one specific incision of the right ventricular free wall and was not related to the total length of the ventriculotomy or to the sequence of the incisions. The site at which incision of the right ventric...
Mechanical behavior of ion-irradiated ordered intermetallic compounds

Abstract The status of research on the mechanical behavior of ion-irradiated ordered intermetallic compounds is reviewed. The nature of displacement damage produced by charged particles is discussed and the miniaturized disk bend test, which is used extensively to evaluate mechanical properties of the ion-irradiated alloys studied, is described. The mechanical 3ehavior of Zr3Al, Ni3Al and TiAl is then described, followed by a presentation and discussion of recent preliminary results on Ni3Si, Ni3Ge and Ti3Al. With few exceptions ion irradiation induces an increase in the yield strength or hardness of ordered intermetallic compounds. This is expected for the L12 and D019 alloys, because these alloys are stronger in the disordered condition than they are in the ordered state, but the increase in strength of TiAl is unexpected on this basis. However, it is noted that disordering is not the only consequence of ion irradiation and that several other factors can contribute to the measured increases in strength. For most ordered alloys an increase in ductility is also expected on disordering, but quantitative information from the mechanical tests is insufficient to support this finding. The extent of strengthening observed varies with the individual alloy, even among those sharing the same crystal structure. For example, the increase in yield stress is much larger for Ni3Si than for Ni3Al and the increase in the fracture stress of Ti3Al is much larger than that of Ni3Ge. The absence of microstructural information on most of the intermetallic compounds investigated has precluded an understanding of the interesting effects observed.
Stability of Conservative Flows and New Steady-Fluid Solutions from Bifurcation Diagrams Exploiting a Variational Argument

In this Letter, we address two issues affecting the use of a variational argument to determine stability of conservative fluid systems. We build on ideas from bifurcation theory, and thereby for families of steady flows, we link turning points in a velocity-impulse diagram to gains or losses of stability. We further introduce concepts from imperfection theory into these problems, enabling us to reveal hidden solution branches. Our approach applies to a wide range of flows. As an illustration involving a well-defined problem, we study a pair of counterrotating vortices. The approach results in stability boundaries in agreement with linear analysis, yet further enables us to discover a new family of steady vortices, which surprisingly do not exhibit any symmetry. All applications of our approach so far, using imperfect-velocity-impulse (IVI) diagrams, lead us to the discovery of lower-symmetry solutions.
Microconversion between murine H-2 genes integrated into yeast

Patchwork homology observed between divergent members of polymorphic multigene families is thought to reflect evolution by short-tract gene conversion (nonreciprocal recombination), although this mechanism cannot usually be confirmed in higher organisms. In contrast to meiotic conversions observed in laboratory yeast strains, apparent conversions between polymorphic sequences, such as the class I loci of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), are short and do not seem to be associated with reciprocal recombination (crossover, exchanges). We have now integrated two nonallelic murine class I genes into yeast to characterize their meiotic recombination. We found no crossovers between the MHC genes, but short-tract 'microconversions' of 1-215 base-pairs were observed in about 6% of all meioses. Strikingly, one of these events was accompanied by a single base-pair mutation. These results underscore both the importance of meiotic gene conversion and sequence heterology in determining conversion patterns between divergent genes.
Childhood asthma in the United States: urban issues.

The prevalence and morbidity of asthma are growing problems that appear to affect urban populations and particularly impoverished centers disproportionately. Poor children are more likely to be hospitalized for asthma than nonpoor children, and are more likely to experience clinical and social dysfunction due to asthma. While guidelines exist for best care of childhood asthma, the neediest children are least likely to encounter the benefits of these recommendations. The relationship between host and environment in both primary causation and disease exacerbation is an area of research and debate. Allergen exposure in early life appears to correlate with sensitization and expression of atopy and asthma. Impoverished households are more likely to be reservoirs for dust mite and cockroach antigen in high concentrations than more affluent settings. Lifestyle factors, including diet and ambient air quality, may be disease modifiers. Suboptimal systems for delivery of healthcare to high-risk populations are obvious targets for blame. Poor children are more likely than nonpoor children to receive sick care in emergency rooms that lack a connection to chronic care providers. Besides the method of delivery, the quality of care is questionable, as poor children are less likely to receive the anti-inflammatory maintenance medications for asthma that evidence-based guidelines recommend. Efforts to correct these problems must take into account such issues as explaining the nature of the disease and the best intervention strategies to people who have a diverse array of cultural backgrounds, belief systems, and life stressors. Efforts to improve the status quo are underway in many communities. Environmental control measures to reduce dust mite and cockroach exposure have met with some success. Models to improve access to care and acceptance of care may improve community outreach maneuvers that connect the medical establishment with families and patients. Examination and assessment of new approaches to facilitate this sort of communication hold promise and are receiving attention as well as research dollars.
Overexpression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 inhibits inflammatory cytokines and activates cell survival factors after cerebral ischemia.

Mitochondria play a critical role in cell survival and death after cerebral ischemia. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are inner mitochondrial membrane proteins that disperse the mitochondrial proton gradient by translocating H+ across the inner membrane in order to stabilize the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reduce the formation of reactive oxygen species. Previous studies have demonstrated that mice transgenically overexpressing UCP2 (UCP2 Tg) in the brain are protected from cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury and epileptic challenges. This study seeks to clarify the mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection after transient focal ischemia. Our hypothesis is that UCP2 is neuroprotective by suppressing innate inflammation and regulating cell cycle mediators. PCR gene arrays and protein arrays were used to determine mechanisms of damage and protection after transient focal ischemia. Our results showed that ischemia increased the expression of inflammatory genes and suppressed the expression of anti-apoptotic and cell cycle genes. Overexpression of UCP2 blunted the ischemia-induced increase in IL-6 and decrease in Bcl2. Further, UCP2 increased the expression of cell cycle genes and protein levels of phospho-AKT, PKC and MEK after ischemia. It is concluded that the neuroprotective effects of UCP2 against ischemic brain injury are associated with inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of cell survival factors.
Constructing Large and Fast On-Chip Cache for Mobile Processors with Multilevel Cell STT-MRAM Technology

Modern mobile processors integrating an increasing number of cores into one single chip demand large-capacity, on-chip, last-level caches (LLCs) in order to achieve scalable performance improvements. However, adopting traditional memory technologies such as SRAM and embedded DRAM (eDRAM) leakage and scalability problems. Spin-transfer torque magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) is a novel nonvolatile memory technology that has emerged as a promising alternative for constructing on-chip caches in high-end mobile processors. STT-MRAM has many advantages, such as short read latency, zero leakage from the memory cell, and better scalability than eDRAM and SRAM. Multilevel cell (MLC) STT-MRAM further enlarges capacity and reduces per-bit cost by storing more bits in one cell. However, MLC STT-MRAM has long write latency which limits the effectiveness of MLC STT-MRAM-based LLCs. In this article, we address this limitation with three novel designs: line pairing (LP), line swapping (LS), and dynamic LP/LS enabler (DLE). LP forms fast cache lines by reorganizing MLC soft bits which are faster to write. LS dynamically stores frequently-written data into these fast cache lines. We then propose a dynamic LP/LS enabler (DLE) to enable LP and LS only if they help to improve the overall cache performance. Our experimental results show that the proposed designs improve system performance by 9--15p and reduce energy consumption by 14--21p for various types of mobile processors.
Ethical implications of the promotion of elder volunteerism: A critical perspective

Abstract This critical inquiry explores the question: What are the ethical implications of promoting normative ideals for healthy aging, such as volunteerism and civic engagement, that specifically emphasize productivity and contribution? In this paper, we identify the values and ethical standpoints embedded in the discourse promoting volunteerism and productive aging and then describe what this suggests about how older adults are viewed, valued and judged. More specifically, we argue that older adult volunteering has at times been framed in a manner that dually suggests: a) lifelong productivity is a necessary condition to be a good old person ; and b) lifelong productivity is a necessary condition to be a good old citizen . We then demonstrate that the current promotion of older adult volunteerism and productive aging is ethically troubling because: 1) it fails to capture the full potential of the self — and in particular, the aging self; and 2) it grounds justice in a narrowly defined and unfair distributive scheme. An alternative model of aging is then presented based on equal regard for all persons insofar as this approach is inclusive of the diversity of older adults and aging processes, and policy implications are discussed.
LotPACA: A lottery procedure for administering competitive awards

Abstract A lottery procedure is described as a suggestion for overcoming problems associated with competitive awards in reinforcement programs. A unique feature of this procedure is that the probability of winning the lottery is influenced by behavioral improvement and backsliding. The generality, adaptability, and modifiability of the procedure are stressed and some possible variations are presented.
Growth and characterization of partially oxidized platinum polymers in nanoscale templates

The polymerization capabilities and characteristics of the electrochemically prepared partially oxidized (PO) salts of the bis(oxalato)platinate(II) (Pt-Ox) and tetra(cyano)platinate(II) (Pt-CN) complexes were investigated via optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The polymers were synthesized in glass capillary templates at lengths of 900 mm, as well as through porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates with pore diameters of 200 nm and 20 nm respectively. The average diameter of the unconstricted polymeric structures of PO Pt-Ox and PO potassium Pt-CN salts were found to be approximately 200 nm and 700 nm respectively. The PO Pt-Ox polymers, which are brittle in macroscale form when dehydrated, were found to possess significant flexibility on the nanoscale even after exposure to air for 2 months. During the electrochemical syntheses, the formation of the PO polymers could be directed by varying the positions and the number of electrodes. Growth of the polymers through AAO templates, caused further reduction in the diameter of the nanoscopic polymers. TEM analysis observed polymeric strands having diameters ranging from 3 nm to 5 nm and containing approximately 30 individual anionic chains. A new PO guanidinium (Guan) containing Pt-Ox complex, (Guan)1.61Pt(C2O4)2·H2O, was synthesized and characterized.
Hardware-modulated parallelism in chip multiprocessors

Chip multi-processors (CMPs) already have widespread commercial availability, and technology roadmaps project enough on-chip transistors to replicate tens or hundreds of current processor cores. How will we express parallelism, partition applications, and schedule/place/migrate threads on these highly-parallel CMPs?This paper presents and evaluates a new approach to highly-parallel CMPs, advocating a new hardware-software contract. The software layer is encouraged to expose large amounts of multi-granular, heterogeneous parallelism. The hardware, meanwhile, is designed to offer low-overhead, low-area support for orchestrating and modulating this parallelism on CMPs at runtime. Specifically, our proposed CMP architecture consists of architectural and ISA support targeting thread creation, scheduling and context-switching, designed to facilitate effective hardware run-time mapping of threads to cores at low overheads.Dynamic modulation of parallelism provides the ability to respond to run-time variability that arises from dataset changes, memory system effects and power spikes and lulls, to name a few. It also naturally provides a long-term CMP platform with performance portability and tolerance to frequency and reliability variations across multiple CMP generations. Our simulations of a range of applications possessing do-all, streaming and recursive parallellism show speedups of 4-11.5X and energy-delay-product savings of 3.8X, on average, on a 16-core vs. a 1-core system. This is achieved with modest amounts of hardware support that allows for low overheads in thread creation, scheduling and context-switching. In particular, our simulations motivated the need for hardware support, showing that the large thread management overheads of current run-time software systems can lead to up to 6.5X slowdown. The difficulties faced in static scheduling were shown in our simulations with a static scheduling algorithm, fed with oracle profiled inputs suffering up to 107% slowdown compared to NDP's hardware scheduler, due to its inability to handle memory system variabilities. More broadly, we feel that the ideas presented here show promise for scaling to the systems expected in ten years, where the advantages of high transistor counts may be dampened by difficulties in circuit variations and reliability. These issues will make dynamic scheduling and adaptation mandatory; our proposals represent a first step towards that direction.
Selection of carbohydrate antigens in human epithelial ovarian cancers as targets for immunotherapy: Serous and mucinous tumors exhibit distinctive patterns of expression

Expression of blood group-related carbohydrate antigens was examined in frozen sections from a series of ovarian carcinomas of different histological types using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Antigenic specificities belonging to the O(H) and Lewis blood group families (H-1, H-2, Le(a), sLe(a), Le(x), sLe(x), Le(b) and Le(y)) or the mucin-core family (Tn, sTn and TF) were studied. A distinct difference in antigen expression between mucinous and other ovarian carcinomas (serous and endometrioid) was observed. Specifically, mucinous tumors tended to express sTn, Le(a) and sLe(a) strongly and homogeneously, whereas serous and endometrioid tumors rarely expressed these specificities and, in contrast, expressed Le(y) and H type 2 antigen strongly. When expressed in serous tumors, sTn was usually distributed in a heterogeneous pattern, whereas sTn expression in mucinous tumors was much more homogeneous. The distribution of Le(y) in serous tumors was noticeably homogeneous. H-1, Le(x), sLe(x), Le(b), TF and Tn specificities were rarely expressed in any type of ovarian carcinoma. Our results provide further support for the different histogenesis of mucinous and non-mucinous tumors and indicate alternative differentiation pathways for the 3 pathological subtypes of ovarian tumor. They also provide the basis for the choice of carbohydrate antigens for active and passive immunotherapy of ovarian carcinomas.
The Nature and Extent of Conservation Policing: Law Enforcement Generalists or Conservation Specialists?

Little is known about law enforcement agencies with responsibility for fish, wildlife, and natural resource protection. Traditional conceptions of fish and wildlife police associate these officers almost entirely with fishing and hunting activities. The relative scarcity of academic literature regarding fish and wildlife police agencies results in a lack of understanding about their role in the criminal justice system in general. The current study seeks to contribute to the limited existing literature by examining conservation policing in Florida, a state not yet studied in this context, by analyzing some 2,910 field events. Findings indicate that officers devote a considerable portion of their attention to traditional law enforcement activities in addition to the type of enforcement customarily associated with fish and wildlife law enforcement.
Patch-clamp study of cultured human sweat duct cells: amiloride-blockable Na+ channel.

The reabsorptive duct of the eccrine sweat gland has a large transepithelial conductance consisting mainly of a high conductance to Cl− and a smaller, amiloride-blockable Na+ conductance (Bijman and Fromter 1986; Quinton 1985). Cells have been cultured from sweat ducts and their properties previously studied in Ussing chambers (Pedersen 1988) and with microelectrodes (Jones et al. 1988). We have now studied the ion channels present in excised, inside-out patches of human cultured sweat duct cells, and find a marked predominance of linear, 16 pS, amiloride-blockable, low selectivity, Na+ channels. Such channels were seen in 54/92 (59%) of the patches, with up to 7 channels recorded in a single patch.Other channel types were seen at much lower densities. The prevalence of an amiloride-blockable Na+ channel in cultured duct cells clearly distinguishes these cells from cultured sweat gland secretory cells, which lack such a channel.
A plasma membrane component able to bind and alter virions of poliovirus type 1: studies on cell-free alteration using a simplified assay.

Abstract Intact HeLa cells can bind virions of poliovirus type 1 and can subsequently convert them to altered particles by incubation at 37°. Altered particles sediment more slowly than virions, have lost VP-4, and are disrupted by sodium dodecyl sulfate, but their RNA is intact and ribonuclease insensitive. These characteristics allow assay of altered particles and of particles that have released their RNA, using nuclease digestion with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment. With this simple assay procedure, quantitative parameters of binding and alteration can be measured. The binding-altering activity can be localized in plasma membranes, and pure membranes can be shown to carry out alteration. The membrane-bound activity is abolished by proteases and by nonionic detergents. Only altered particles are formed by membranes; release of RNA is not caused by membranes but is caused by intact cells. Binding and alteration are processes that are closely associated; it is possible that alteration is a consequence of binding by multiple receptors in a fluid membrane.
Importance of Fish Consumption to Sport Fishermen

Abstract Retention and consumption of fish by sport fishermen are generally reported in the scientific literature to be less important than the recreational experience. On this basis, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission prohibited for 120 days the retention of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in a small bay after a massive coastwide fish kill in 1984. Simultaneously, the bag, possession, and size limits for these species were made more restrictive in all other Texas bays on the Gulf of Mexico. An attempt to adopt the rule prohibiting retention on a permanent basis was adamantly opposed by fishermen for the affected bay. This response was unexpected. Either the generalization that keeping fish is not very important is incorrect, or the fishermen's reaction is a localized phenomenon and within the expected variation of the published generalizations. This study examines five possible explanations for the generalization being incorrect. Inadequacies in data gatheri...
SENSITIVITY OF SOME COMMON FOOD-BORNE BACTERIA TO THE SPICES SAGE, ROSEMARY, AND ALLSPICE

The sensitivity of 22 gram negative and 24 gram positive bacteria to the spices sage, rosemary, and allspice was studied. At spice concentrations to 2% in growth media, gram positive bacteria were more sensitive than gram negative bacteria, and sage had the highest antibacterial activity, followed closely by rosemary. A concentration of 0.3% of either sage or rosemary in the media inhibited growth of 21 gram positive organisms, 9 of which were enteropathogenic. Two Kanagawa positive strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were also inhibited. Allspice was the least effective, requiring more than 0.5% for growth inhibition of most of the tested strains. Recovery of growth was observed after inhibition at 0.3% concentration of sage or rosemary, whereas a concentration of 0.5% was bactericidal. A combination of sage and rosemary enhanced the antibacterial effect.
Direct X-ray Constraints on Sterile Neutrino Warm Dark Matter

Warm dark matter (WDM) might more easily account for small scale clustering measurements than the heavier particles typically invoked incold dark matter (�CDM) cosmologies. In this paper, we consider aWDM cosmology in which sterile neutrinoss, with a mass ms of roughly 1-100 keV, are the dark matter. We use the diffuse X-ray spectrum (total minus resolved point source emission) of the Andromeda galaxy to constrain the rate of sterile neutrino radiative decay: �s → �e,µ,� + . Our findings demand that ms < 3.5 keV (95% C.L.) which is a significant improvement over the previous (95% C.L.) limits inferred from the X-ray emission of nearby clusters, ms < 8.2 keV (Virgo A) and ms < 6.3 keV (Virgo A + Coma).
A well-posed finite-strain model for thin elastic sheets with bending stiffness

An accurate, well-posed two-dimensional model incorporating stretching and bending effects, suitable for analyzing the wrinkling pattern in stretched sheets, is derived from three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity theory.
Boundary control of the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation: further results on stabilization and well-posedness, with numerical demonstration

We consider the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation on the interval [0,1]. Motivated by simulations resulting in modest decay rates with recently proposed control laws by Liu and Krstic, which keeps some of the boundary conditions as homogeneous, we propose a strengthened set of feedback boundary conditions. We establish stability properties of the closed-loop system, prove well-posedness and illustrate the performance improvement by a simulation example.
Effect of ethanol on the synthesis and secretion of hepatic secretory glycoproteins and albumin

The effects of ethanol on the synthesis and secretion of serum glycoproteins and albumin, a nonglycosylated protein, were studied in rat liver slices. Serum glycoproteins and albumin were determined by immunoprecipitation from either the incubation medium or from the washed slices. When ethanol (10 mM) was present in the incubation medium, [14C]glucosamine incorporation in secretory glycoproteins was decreased. This inhibitory effect was, however, much greater in the secretory proteins released into the medium than in those retained in the liver slices. Similar inhibitions by ethanol were also observed when leucine or valine were used as a label for either total export proteins or albumin. Since ethanol impaired protein synthesis, and inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide, was used so that both the control and ethanol-treated slices had identical pools of protein acceptors available for glycosylation. When cycloheximide alone was added to the slices, glucosamine radioactivity of secretory glycoproteins was equally reduced in both the medium and the liver. When cycloheximide and ethanol were both present, decreased appearance of glucosamine-labeled proteins in the medium was observed when compared to the slices containing cycloheximide alone; however, radioactivity of secretory glycoproteins retained in the liver was elevated. Ethanol also decreased the appearance of fucose-labeled glycoproteins in the medium without altering fucose incorporation into the total pool of secretory glycoproteins. The effects of ethanol on hepatic protein secretion independent of its effect on synthesis were further determined by prelabeling proteins with either [14C]leucine or [14C]fucose. Ethanol impaired the secretion of these prelabeled proteins into the medium. The results of this study show that ethanol impairs both the synthesis and secretion of secretory glycoproteins and albumin.
Postmodernist Anthropology, Subjectivity, and Science: A Modernist Critique

La critique de la science et de la methode scientifique est centrale dans le projet post-moderne en anthropologie. La critique post-moderne de la science consiste en des arguments epistemologique et ideologique, tous deux fondes sur la notion post-moderne centrale de subjectivite. L'A. propose d'evaluer l'interpretation et l'utilisation post-moderne de ce concept critique. Premierement il resume les revendications de la vision post-moderne de la subjectivite qui, selon lui, sont valides. Deuxiemement, il demontre que bien que valables, elles ne sont pas nouvelles, ayant ete inventees il y a des annees par les fondateurs du mouvement Culture et Personnalite. Troisiemement, il demontre que ces innovations post-modernes ont des consequences malheureuses pour la recherche anthropologique
A wide band slot-coupled beam sensing electrode for the Advanced Light Source (ALS)

An exponentially tapered stripline provides nearly constant coupling impedance vs. frequency and yields superior frequency-domain performance. The authors report on the construction of an exponentially tapered, slot-coupled stripline which was relatively easy to construct and has the desired frequency response in terms of broadband performance. Stripline electrodes are commonly used in particle accelerators as beam pickups and kickers. Part of the ALS booster synchrotron beam diagnostics system includes three stripline assemblies: a kicker and two pickups. Exponentially tapered striplines were desired in the pickups because of their superior frequency domain performance. With prototypes it was difficult to hold mechanical dimensions which were important for impedance reasons. The transition from coaxial to stripline geometry was also difficult. To overcome these problems the slot-coupled stripline was developed. The theory, the slot-coupled pickup, the beam pickup mechanical details, and laboratory tests on the pickups and kickers are discussed. >
RECTAL EXAMINATION IN CHILDREN; A DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE.

The only objection to a routine pediatric rectal exam ination is the fear of some emotional or physical trauma to the child. With gentleness and patience a rectal ex amination need not be traumatic.Rectal examination in children is as important as it is in adults and should be performed routinely. The omis sion of a rectal examination usually indicates that gloves and lubricant were not conveniently available for use during the physical examination. Gloves and lubricant should always be kept accessible wherever children are being examined.
Behavior of resistors and shunts: with today's high-precision measurement capability and a century of materials experience, what can go wrong?

The characteristics of laboratory resistors and high-precision resistors in the principal range, 1 /spl Omega/ to 10 k/spl Omega/, are reviewed. Also reviewed is the history of the shunt and of shunt construction. A method is given for improving the uncertainty of shunts by a factor of five by measuring temperature and providing the resistance-temperature characteristic. Data for high-current shunts using this method are included showing the improvement even in cases where shunt behavior is less than expected. Data are also given for the uncertainty improvement achieved with a common meter type, high-current shunt. The results of efforts to identify the cause of the behavior that went wrong in high-precision shunts are also presented.
AIDS: legal and policy implications of the application of traditional disease control measures.

Public health is fundamentally about the values of community, the shared interests in life, health, and security. How the community perceives disease is not solely an issue of medical knowledge, but a function of the interrelated economic, social, and moral beliefs of the society. Our response to particular diseases will be colored to some extent by our image of the individuals or groups most directly affected by that disease. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) clearly poses a considerable threat to public health. The disease is thus far medically uncontrollable, and always fatal. The grim prognosis for persons with AIDS has intensified the urgency of developing a program to control and prevent the spread of the syndrome.
Transgenerational Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Testicular Germ Cell Associations and Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Mice

Recent evidence has linked human phthalate exposure to abnormal reproductive and hormonal effects. Phthalates are plasticizers that confer flexibility and transparency to plastics, but they readily contaminate the body and the environment. In this study, timed pregnant CD1 outbred mice were treated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from Embryonic Day 7 (E7) to E14. The subsequent generation (F1) offspring were then bred to produce the F2, F3, and F4 offspring, without any further DEHP treatment. This exposure scheme disrupted testicular germ cell association and decreased sperm count and motility in F1 to F4 offspring. By spermatogonial transplantation techniques, the exposure scheme also disrupted spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) function of F3 offspring. The W/WV recipient testes transplanted with F3 offspring germ cells from the DEHP-treated group had a dramatically lower percentage of donor germ cell-derived spermatogenic recovery in seminiferous tubules when compared to the recipient testes transplanted with CD1 control germ cells. Further characterization showed that the major block of donor germ cell-derived spermatogenesis was before the appearance of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Interestingly, the testes transplanted with the F3 offspring germ cells from the DEHP-treated group, when regenerated, replicated testis morphology similar to that observed in the testes from the F1 to F3 offspring of the DEHP-treated group, suggesting that the germ cell disorganization phenotype originates from the stem cells of F3 offspring. In conclusion, embryonic exposure to DEHP was found to disrupt testicular germ cell organization and SSC function in a transgenerational manner.
A stabilized discrete empirical interpolation method for model reduction of electrical, thermal, and microelectromechanical systems

We present a few modifications that stabilize nonlinear reduced order models generated by discrete empirical interpolation methods. We combine a different approach to linearization with a multipoint stabilization technique. The examples used to demonstrate our method's effectiveness are a nonlinear transmission line, a micromachined switch, and a nonlinear thermal model for an RF amplifier.
Maintenance Behavior of Large-Scale Landlords and Theories of Neighborhood Succession

This study integrates theories of landlord maintenance behavior with theories of neighborhood succession in a unified empirical model. The model permits a broad range of landlord responses to neighborhood decline including the possibility of increased maintenance expenditure as reported in recent empirical studies. Hypotheses are tested using a micro-data set descriptive of 117 St. Louis rental properties.
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Response to Therapy: Current Problems and Future Prospects

The presence of a subpopulation of cells within tumors, so-called cancer stemlike cells, that is uniquely capable of reestablishing the tumor during and after definitive radio(chemo)therapy and must be effectively controlled for a long-term cure is being increasingly appreciated. The existence and physiology of a rare cancer cell population, termed cancer cell clonogens, with similar properties has been extensively described in the radiobiology literature for several decades based on studies using tumor cells transplanted into syngeneic or immunodeficient animals. The earlier studies have identified important features that govern tumor establishment; tumor growth and homeostasis; and therapeutic resistance, including clonogen number, tumor type, vascular status, hypoxia, repopulation dynamics during treatment, and immunologic and microenvironmental status. These discoveries led to therapeutic strategies, some of which have shown efficacy and have become current standard clinical practice (eg, concomitant boost and concurrent radio chemotherapy). Although the identity of cancer stemlike cells and cancer cell clonogens has not been definitively shown, recent characterization of molecular signaling pathways controlling stem cells and their microenvironmental niche combined with the earlier findings on clonogen physiology may now lead to the development of molecularly targeted strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance of this rare subpopulation of tumor cells. Along these lines, we describe 3 unique treatment settings (ie, before, during, and after definitive radio[chemo]therapy) in which molecularly targeted approaches might specifically counteract cancer stemlike cell resistance mechanisms and enhance the curative efficiency of radio(chemo)therapy.