cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute Appendicitis Associated With Kawasaki Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Acute appendicitis is a rare complication of Kawasaki disease in the setting of the absence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We experienced a rare case of acute appendicitis associated with Kawasaki disease. The patient is a six-year-old male who was brought to the emergency department by his mother with a pruritic rash, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Given fever, tenderness in the right lower quadrant on physical examination, leukocytosis with bandemia, and a non-compressible and dilated appendix on ultrasound, he was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and was treated with a laparoscopic appendectomy. He developed persistent fevers after surgery with new lip swelling, mucositis, and bilateral conjunctival injection. Kawasaki disease was suspected and intravenous gammaglobulin and aspirin were administrated. He made a full recovery. This case suggests that careful examination is needed for accurate diagnosis, especially in patients with postoperative persistent fever without signs of intra-abdominal complications. We performed a PubMed literature search and reviewed eight cases of appendicitis associated with Kawasaki disease. Of note, this case was seen in 2018 before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the description of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism

How do a few Third World political movements become global causes celebres, while most remain isolated? This book rejects dominant views that needy groups readily gain help from selfless nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Instead, they face a Darwinian struggle for scarce resources where support goes to the savviest, not the neediest. Examining Mexico's Zapatista rebels and Nigeria's Ogoni ethnic group, the book draws critical conclusions about social movements, NGOs, and 'global civil society'.
Optical coherence tomography demonstrates subretinal macular edema from papilledema.

Objective To evaluate macular changes in eyes with papilledema from increased intracranial pressure using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Fifty-five patients with papilledema seen during 1998 and 1999 were studied with OCT of the optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer. Nineteen of these also had OCT of the macula during periods of acute, subacute, or recurrent papilledema and were evaluated in detail for this report. Results Seven patients had OCT evidence of subretinal fluid involving the macula. All had some reduction in visual acuity. The subretinal fluid appeared to arise from the peripapillary region, and all showed some improvement in central vision as the fluid resolved. Conclusions Subretinal fluid accumulations can cause decreased visual acuity in patients with papilledema. Optical coherence tomography can demonstrate subretinal fluid and can be used to follow the course of this important visual complication of papilledema.
Scalable exploratory data mining of distributed geoscientific data

Geoscience studies produce data from various observations, experiments, and simulations at an enormous rate. Exploratory data mining extracts "content information" from massive geoscientific datasets to extract knowledge and provide a compact summary of the dataset. In this paper, we discuss how database query processing and distributed object management techniques can be used to facilitate geoscientific data mining and analysis. Some special requirements of large scale geoscientific data mining that are addressed include geoscientific data modeling, parallel query processing, and heterogeneous distributed data access.
Modular architecture for Hopfield network and distance based training algorithm for pattern association

In this paper, a two-dimensional modular architecture for Hopfield neural network and a distance based training algorithm that improves the storage capacity and reduces the structural complexity of Hopfield neural network are presented. Our approach involve dividing a N×M network into (N×M)/(n×m) modules of size n×m with each module functioning independently as a sub-network in conjunction with the inputs from neighboring modules. In this technique, a divide and conquer approach, which permits us to solve a complex computational task by dividing it into simpler subtasks and then combining their individual solutions is utilized. This use of task- decomposition provides a modular structure with several advantages, viz. more reasonable generalization, more intelligible and useful representations, and more efficient use of computational hardware. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated by applying it into various character images. It has been observed that the network exhibits faster convergence characteristics and is capable of reproducing learned patterns successfully from noisy and partial data.
Netrin-1 directs dendritic growth and connectivity of vertebrate central neurons in vivo

Netrins are a family of extracellular proteins that function as chemotropic guidance cues for migrating cells and axons during neural development. In the visual system, netrin-1 has been shown to play a key role in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon growth and branching at the target, where presynaptic RGC axons form partnerships with the dendrites of tectal neurons. However, the signals that guide the connections between RGC axons and their postsynaptic partners are yet unknown. Here, we explored dynamic cellular mechanisms by which netrin-1 influences visual circuit formation, particularly those that impact postsynaptic neuronal morphology and connectivity during retinotectal wiring. Time-lapse in vivo imaging of individual Xenopus laevis optic tectal neurons co-expressing tdTomato and PSD95-GFP revealed rapid remodeling and reorganization of dendritic arbors following acute manipulations in netrin-1 levels. Effects of altered netrin signaling on developing dendritic arbors of tectal neurons were distinct from its effects on presynaptic RGC axons. Within 4 h of treatment, tectal injection of recombinant netrin-1 or sequestration of endogenous netrin with an UNC-5 receptor ectodomain induced significant changes in the directionality and orientation of dendrite growth and in the maintenance of already established dendrites, demonstrating that relative levels of netrin are important for these functions. In contrast, altering DCC-mediated netrin signaling with function-blocking antibodies induced postsynaptic specialization remodeling and changed growth directionality of already established dendrites. Reducing netrin signaling also decreased avoidance behavior in a visually guided task, suggesting that netrin is essential for emergent visual system function. These in vivo findings together with the patterns of expression of netrin and its receptors reveal an important role for netrin in the early growth and guidance of vertebrate central neuron dendritic arbors. Collectively, our studies indicate that netrin shapes both pre- and postsynaptic arbor morphology directly and in multiple ways at stages critical for functional visual system development.
Motion Capture and Emotion: Affect Detection in Whole Body Movement

Bodily expression of felt emotion was associated with emotion-specific changes in gait parameters and kinematics. The emotions angry, sad, content, joy and no emotion at all were elicited in forty-two undergraduates (22 female, 20 male; 20.1±2.7 yrs) while video and whole body motion capture data (120 Hz) were acquired. Participants completed a self-report of felt emotion after each trial. To determine whether the walkers' felt emotions were recognizable in their body movements, video clips of the walkers were shown to 60 undergraduates (29 female, 31 male; 20.9±2.7 yrs). After viewing each video clip, observers selected one of 10 emotions that they thought the walker experienced during the trial. This study provides evidence that emotions can be successfully elicited in the laboratory setting, emotions can be recognized in the body movements of others, and that body movements are affected by felt emotions.
Power plant plume NOx reactions and the reaction zone concept

Power plant plume measurements with instrumented aircraft indicate that the plume-environment reactant species (NO and O3) appear to be spatially segregated with reactions occurring primarily within a relatively narrow zone between the plume core and the environment. Within this reaction zone, the NO2/NO ratios reach a maximum and increase with plume travel time. Inhomogeneous mixing in the reaction zone appears to provide net ositive correlationg of the photostationary equilibrium (E) fluctuation term [NO]′[O3]′, which results in E ≫ 1 within the first hour of plume travel time.
On the Strength of the Galactic Shock Wave and the Degree of Development of Spiral Structure

The luminosity of a spiral arm is believed to originate primarily in the very young, newly forming stars; and the spiral arm itself to be a spiral wave which is capable of triggering the formation of the young stars selectively along the wave crest. A semi-empirical study of the density wave patterns predicted in the density wave models of twenty-five external galaxies has been made and one result of this study is presented here. It is found that those galaxies of the sample whose models predict the possibility of strong shock waves are also the galaxies which exhibit long, well-developed spiral arms; and those galaxies whose models predict weak shock waves are also the galaxies which exhibit less-developed spiral structure. This trend is seen through a correlation between w ⊥0, the velocity component of basic rotation normal to a spiral arm, which is an important parameter in determining the shock strength on the one hand, and luminosity class, which is a measure of the degree of development of spiral structure on the other.
Optical polarimetric sensor for blood glucose measurement

Preliminary results for an optical polarimetry system which could be used as a sensor to monitor in vivo glucose concentrations are presented. Polarization retaining optical fibers make it feasible to transport coherent light to and from the sensing site. A bidirectional technique increases the sensitivity of the system for a given path length. Preliminary in vitro results show the ability of the system to monitor glucose levels. The first result shows the linearity of the polarization rotation of light with blood glucose levels. In a second experiment, it was verified that the polarization preserving fiber allows for the transference of linear polarized light with enough intensity, after coupling, to be detected at the output. The bidirectional technique for increasing the sensitivity is verified. >
Effect of hyperthyroidism on hypoprothrombinemic response to warfarin

Clinical observations and studies regarding hyperthyroidism and enhanced response to warfarin are reviewed. The reported cases of increased sensitivity to warfarin in hyperthyroidism are summarized, and possible mechanisms for this disease-drug interaction are discussed. Most recent studies indicate that the activity of warfarin is enhanced in hyperthyroidism because of increased catabolism of vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors.
Oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation between increased expression of CD21, Epstein-Barr virus and CK19

Summary Objectives Epstein-Barr virus is an orally transmitted human gammaherpesvirus that infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Although most primary infections are asymptomatic, long term carriage of the virus can be associated with either lymphoid or epithelial malignancies. The association of EBV with oral squamous cell carcinomas is sporadic and it is uncertain if the virus is involved in initiation of the tumor or, possibly, in its progression. Complement receptor type 2, CR2 or CD21, is a receptor for the major attachment protein of EBV, which significantly enhances epithelial cell infection, but its expression on normal tissues is restricted to tonsil and adenoid epithelium. As cells become dysplastic they are reported to express higher levels of CK19. We sought to evaluate whether CD21 and CK19 expression change as oral epithelial cells outside Waldeyer’s ring become dysplastic. Materials and methods Epithelial cells were isolated by laser capture microdissection and levels of CD21, CK19 and EBV RNA were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Results We report that expression of CD21 increases in frequency and intensity as oral epithelial cells become more dysplastic and that expression correlates with an increase in infection by EBV. Tumors or dysplastic lesions that carry EBV also generally express higher levels of CK19 than those that do not. Conclusion The findings suggest that dysplasia may make cells more susceptible to infection by EBV and that infection by the virus may alter the phenotype of the infected cell in a manner which could affect prognosis.
The Localisation of ATP in the Polar Lobe of the IIyanassa Egg

The ATP content of the Illyanassa egg, the lobeless egg and the third polar lobe was measured. The third polar lobe contained 37.8 per cent of the ATP of the intact egg.
Towards efficient parallel implementation of the CG method applied to a class of block tridiagonal linear systems

An efficient implementation of Conjugate Gradient (00) methods on vector and parallel machines is presented. The two different architec­ ture models considered are the shared memory machines with memory hierarchy and the message passing private memory machines. For a parametrized vector architecture similar to CRA Y -2 we present (theoretically) an implemen­ tation of the s-step CG used to solve an elliptic partial differential equation problem is twice as fast as that of the standard CG. For Hypercube parallel computers we show that the performance of s-step CG can be up to 2s times the perfor­ mance of the standard CG.
Temporal perception of astringency and sweetness in red wine

Abstract The interaction between astringency and sweetness was investigated in red wine using time-intensity (T-I) methodology. Maximum intensity and total duration for astringency decreased significantly with increasing sucrose concentration, whereas no sweetness T-I parameter was significantly affected by astringency level. Although no differences in perception of astringency or sweetness were found as a function of PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) taster status, there was a significant difference in intensity and persistence of astringency as a function of salivary flow status. Low -flow subjects rated astringency higher and recorded longer duration of astringent aftertaste than high -flow subjects, although there was no difference in sweetness responses as a function of salivary flow status.
Depolarising effect of curare on embryonic rat muscles

CURARE (d-tubocurarine) reduces the responsiveness of skeletal muscle fibres to nerve stimulation1 by acting as a competitive antagonist to the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh)2. In adult muscle this action is not accompanied by any obvious change in muscle fibre resting potential, such as is produced by depolarising blocking agents3. We report here that in rat embryos curare evokes large depolarisations through action on ACh receptors.
Organizational determinants of boundary spanning activity in outpatient substance abuse treatment programmes.

ObjectivesSubstance abuse treatment programmes depend on boundary spanning to identify opportunities and threats, and represent their interests to stakeholders such as licensing entities and regulators. This study sought to identify director, client, unit and market factors associated with active director boundary spanning.MethodsUsing data from the 1995, 1999–2000 and 2005 waves of a national survey of outpatient substance abuse treatment units, generalized estimating equation regression models tested associations between predictors and five aspects of directors' self-reported boundary spanning.ResultsDirectors licensed as substance abuse treatment counsellors spent more time than average consulting with other treatment providers and making presentations in the community. Older directors spent less time consulting with other treatment providers, making community presentations and liaisoning with monitoring organizations. The few associations between client unemployment and director boundary spanning were...
Mimicking Nature, or At Least Trying To

It's fairly well known that the inspiration for Velcro came from cockleburs caught in the hair of George de Mestral's dog, and that Leonardo da Vinci drew on the bird's wing for ideas for his flying machines. It seems that humans have been attempting to copy nature for a very long time, and this impulse continues today, though much of the observation and experimentation is now done at the microscopic and molecular levels. If anything, nature's ingenuity is even more in evidence there. For example, tree frogs have hexagonal cells on their toe pads that are surrounded by mucus-filled channels. The cricket Tettigonia has smooth adhesive pads with a hexagonal pattern of grooves. In each case, the combination of form and material makes for very effective adhesion. Researchers have found that the channels and grooves greatly augment adhesion when combined with the hexagonal pattern of surfaces (Barnes, 2007). Geckos' feet, too, have gotten a lot of attention in the last few years as a source of insights into how to create an adhesive that is strong, reversible, and reusable. This is a tall order, but geckos obviously have a good solution to the problem because they easily walk, even run, across ceilings. Analysis of their foot pads revealed foot hairs called ‘‘setae’’ that are made of keratin and subdivided into spatulae, creating a large surface area for adhesion (Lee et al., 2007). Humans have devised substances that mimic this ability, but there are two problems. First, the substances weaken with reuse, and second, they don't work well when wet. To deal with these issues, researchers have looked to another organism noted for its bonding powers, the mussel, which has powerful adhesive proteins in its holdfast. A synthetic polymer with similar properties was coated onto a surface with nano-scale pillars …
Detection of Triazole Deicing Additives in Soil Samples from Airports with Low, Mid, and Large Volume Aircraft Deicing Activities

Soil samples from three USA airports representing low, mid, and large volume users of aircraft deicing fluids (ADAFs) were analyzed by LC/MS/MS for the presence of triazoles, a class of corrosion inhibitors historically used in ADAFs. Triazoles, specifically the 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and the 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, were detected in a majority of samples and ranged from 2.35 to 424.19 μg/kg. Previous studies have focused primarily on ground and surface water impacts of larger volume ADAF users. The detection of triazoles in soils at low volume ADAF use airports suggests that deicing activities may have a broader environmental impact than previously considered.
Low threshold 1.5 mu m quantum well lasers grown by atmospheric pressure MOCVD with tertiarybutylarsine (TBA) and tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP)

TBA and TBP are liquid organometallic sources that are a safer alternative to arsine and phosphine. Using TBA and TBP, we have successfully grown lattice matched In0.53Ga0.47As/InP single quantum well lasers emitting at 1.5 μm with a threshold current density of 220 A/cm2 for broad area devices 3.5 mm in length.
Identifying type 304 stainless steel flange defects using scanning Auger microscopy (SAM)

An unusual number of large stringer defects were found in cross-forged type 304 austenitic stainless steel ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) flanges. These defects are cosmetically displeasing, they can affect the material's machinability and they can also affect the vacuum integrity of a UHV system. In this study, scanning Auger microscopy was used to identify accurately the defects as ferritic inclusions. This information was used to justify a change in forging and heat-treating procedures, resulting in the reduction of large ferrite segregants and creating a more homogeneous microstructure. Subsequently, the rejection rate was reduced more than 50-fold.
Vibrational spectral analysis of Eosin Y and Erythrosin B—intensity studies for quantitative detection of the dyes

The complete vibrational spectra of Eosin Y and Erythrosin B were recorded using Fourier transform Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface-enhanced Ramans scattering (SERS) spectra of these two dyes were also studied using an intensified charge-coupled detector (ICCD) Raman spectrophotometer operated with 5 mW laser power. The intensities of the intense alternating C―C bond wavenumbers of the aromatic ring at 1333 cm −1 in Eosin Y and 1317 cm −1 in Erythrosin B were measured as a function of the analyte concentration of these dyes. Calibration graphs of concentration of the dyes in ethanol solution against photon counts are presented. The limits of detection of these two bands in the SERS spectra were determined
Signal transduction pathways mediating mucin secretion from intestinal goblet cells

Cholinergic stimulation of the HT29-18N2 goblet cell line increased mucin secretion as assessed: (1) with a mucin-specific immunoassay, (2) using whole-mount immunocytochemistry, or (3) by morphometric quantification of intracellular mucous granule stores. Cholinergic stimulation did not, however, result in the apical plasmalemmal membrane cavitation that is characteristic of recent compound exocytotic activity. The resposse was not dependent on protein kinase C activation since it was not inhibited by the kinase C antagonist H7 or potentiated by the diaacylglycerol kinase antagonist R59022. Calcium ionophore A23187 also accelerated mucin secretion by a noncompound exocytotic pathway. Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, on the other hand, increased mucin secretion by a compound exocytotic pathway. The results provide insight into the signal transduction pathways underlying secretory responses of goblet cells observedin situ.
Multiset singular value decomposition for joint analysis of multi-modal data: application to fingerprint analysis

As the availability and use of imaging methodologies continues to increase, there is a fundamental need to jointly analyze data that is collected from multiple modalities. This analysis is further complicated when, the size or resolution of the images differ, implying that the observation lengths of each of modality can be highly varying. To address this expanding landscape, we introduce the multiset singular value decomposition (MSVD), which can perform a joint analysis on any number of modalities regardless of their individual observation lengths. Through simulations, the inter modal relationships across the different modalities which are revealed by the MSVD are shown. We apply the MSVD to forensic fingerprint analysis, showing that MSVD joint analysis successfully identifies relevant similarities for further analysis, significantly reducing the processing time required. This reduction, takes this technique from a laboratory method to a useful forensic tool with applications across the law enforcement and security regimes.
Immunohistochemical study of the telencephalon of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias.

The paucity of experimental data and the differences in telencephalic organization between sharks and other jawed vertebrates have complicated telencephalic comparisons. The distribution of neuropeptides has been extremely useful in recognizing and comparing major subdivisions of the telencephalon among vertebrates. Immunohistochemical techniques were therefore used to study the distribution of substance P (SP), leucine-enkephalin (LENK), and serotonin (5HT), as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an indicator of catecholamines, in the telencephalon of the spiny dogfish. The distribution of SP and LENK provides a clear distinction between pallial and subpallial portions of the telencephalon. Two regions of the ventrolateral telencephalon, area superficialis basalis and area periventricularis ventrolateralis, exhibit histochemical similarities to the pallidal and striatal subdivisions, respectively, of the basal ganglia in amniotes. Lower densities of LENK+ and SP+ perikarya and fibers occur in the medial pallium and the pars centralis of the dorsal pallium. Similar histochemical traits characterize the sensory thalamorecipient telencephalic structures in amniotes. The lateral pallium in dogfishes is distinguished by the presence of large numbers of TH+ neurons with radially oriented processes. The presence of these distinctive cells also in the medial wall of the rostral telencephalon suggests that the lateral pallium has a medial extension that is situated ventral to the medial pallium. Neurons containing TH were widely distributed in the telencephalon of spiny dogfish and were particularly abundant in the dorsal pallium, olfactory pallium, and area superficialis basalis. It is currently unclear whether these TH+ telencephalic neurons are, in fact, catecholaminergic or merely contain a TH-like substance unrelated to catecholamine synthesis.
A featural approach to command names

A variety of aspects of command names have been studied, such as suggestiveness, memorability, and the use of icons. A single framework for these disparate studies is desirable, and it is proposed that the concept of featural analysis prevalent in linguistics and psycholinguistics be adopted as an approach to command name design. Examples of the breadth of application of this approach are given for the naming issues of suggestiveness, learning and memory, congruence and hierarchicalness, universal commands, the relationships of names to the command language syntax, and the use of non-words as names.
Hemodynamic profile of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension

Cases of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension or eclampsia were studied in forty-five women by catheterization of the right side of the heart to define the presenting hemodynamic profile associated with this disorder. These women could not be easily categorized into one specific hemodynamic pattern. Most patients had high-normal to elevated systemic vascular resistance indices (mean 2726 +/- 120 dynes.sec.cm-5.m2). The mean cardiac index was 4.14 +/- 0.13 L.min-1.m2. The severity of hypertension was largely attributable to a disproportionate rise in the systolic component (mean 193 +/- 3 mm Hg) compared with diastolic blood pressure (mean 110 +/- 3 mm Hg). Women with eclampsia had significantly lower arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance indices when compared with those of the rest of the study group. Analysis of Starling curves indicated that all patients had normal or hyperdynamic left ventricular function. A modest correlation was observed between central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.59). This disparity most likely results from the maintenance of normal to high cardiac output in the presence of an increased left ventricular afterload. The majority of patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension do have normal to high cardiac indices and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures accompanied by normal or hyperdynamic left ventricular function. This is true despite the presence of severe hypertension.
Tonic activation of NMDA receptors by ambient glutamate enhances excitability of neurons

Voltage clamp recordings and noise analysis from pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices indicate that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are tonically active. On the basis of the known concentration of glutamate in the extracellular fluid, this tonic action is likely caused by the ambient glutamate level. NMDA receptors are voltage-sensitive, thus background activation of these receptors imparts a regenerative electrical property to pyramidal cells, which facilitates the coupling between dendritic excitatory synaptic input and somatic action potential discharge in these neurons.
69-year-old woman with dyspnea and cough productive of white sputum.

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our institution with progressive dyspnea and cough productive of white sputum. Three months earlier, the patient was hospitalized elsewhere for evaluation of fever, headache, and fatigue. Results of a right temporal artery biopsy were consistent with giant cell arteritis (GCA). She was treated with prednisone (50 mg/d) and initially improved, but after 6 weeks of therapy, she again experienced feelings of malaise. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) remained elevated at 75 mm/h. The patient’s rheumatologist then added methotrexate (MTX) to her treatment regimen. One week after starting MTX, the patient developed a vesicular rash on the left side of her chest that resolved without intervention, and she did not seek medical attention. Three weeks later, she was admitted to her local facility with complaints of chest pain, dyspnea, fever, and cough productive of white sputum. An adenosine stress test yielded negative results. A ventilation-perfusion lung scan revealed low probability for pulmonary embolism. Chest radiography findings were normal. In addition to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis with heparin, she was treated with intravenous levofloxacin, vancomycin hydrochloride, and ceftazidime. No sputum studies were obtained. After 3 days of antimicrobial therapy, the patient was transferred to our facility because of continued fever and dyspnea.
Compartmentalization of neutrophils in the kidney and lung following acute ischemic kidney injury

During renal ischemia-reperfusion, local and distant tissue injury is caused by an influx of neutrophils into the affected tissues. Here we measured the kinetics of margination and transmigration of neutrophils in vivo in the kidney and lungs following renal ischemia-reperfusion. After bilateral renal injury, kidney neutrophil content increased threefold at 24 h. The neutrophils were found primarily in the interstitium and to a lesser degree marginated to the vascular endothelium. These interstitial neutrophils had significantly lower levels of intracellular IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 a tendency for decreased amounts of IL-4 and TNF-α compared to the marginated neutrophils. Localization of the neutrophils to the kidney interstitium was confirmed by high resolution microscopy and these sites of transmigration were directly associated with areas of increased vascular permeability. Activation of the adenosine 2A receptor significantly decreased both kidney neutrophil transmigration by about half and vascular permeability by about a third. After unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion, the unclipped kidney and lungs did not accumulate interstitial neutrophils or have increased vascular permeability despite a marked increase of neutrophil margination in the lungs. Our findings suggest there is a sequential recruitment and transmigration of neutrophils from the vasculature into the kidney interstitium at the site of tissue injury following renal ischemia-reperfusion.
Biopsychosocial characteristics of overweight and obese primary care patients: do psychosocial and behavior factors mediate sociodemographic effects?

Abstract Background The increasing prevalence of obesity and obesity-related conditions in primary care settings challenges the health care system. Thus, we used available baseline data from an on-going clinical trial to examine the biopsychosocial characteristics of overweight and obese primary care patients. The primary research objective was to ascertain whether theoretically important psychosocial and behavioral variables mediate the empirical relationships between sociodemographic factors and body mass index (BMI). Methods Overweight or obese primary care patients (n = 665) enrolled in an on-going trial of a cognitive-behavioral obesity intervention provided baseline sociodemographic, psychosocial, nutritional, physical activity, and anthropometric data that were analyzed via multiple regression. Results Lower educational attainment was associated with a higher BMI after controlling for decisional balance, social support, self-efficacy, energy intake, and energy expenditure (P Conclusions Overall, we found some evidence of mediation by the psychosocial and behavioral variables of the relationship between ethnicity and BMI, but not for the relationship between education and BMI. In addition, some of the relationships between the psychosocial variables and BMI were opposite of our expectations.
Birth Weight Is a Significant Risk Factor for Incident Atrial Fibrillation

Background— Few if any studies have assessed the relationship between birth weight and incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results— From 1993 to 2009, we prospectively followed 27 982 women who were >45 years of age and free of cardiovascular disease and AF at baseline. Information on birth weight was categorized into 5 different categories: 4.5 kg. The primary outcome was time to incident AF. During 14.5 years of follow-up, 735 AF events occurred. Age-adjusted incidence rates for incident AF from the lowest to the highest birth weight category were 1.45, 1.82, 1.88, 2.57, and 2.55 events per 1000 person-years of follow-up. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios for incident AF across increasing birth weight categories were 1.0, 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96 to 1.75), 1.28 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.69), 1.70 (95% CI, 1.23 to 2.37), and 1.71 (95% CI, 1.12 to 2.61) (P for linear trend=0.002). Adding body mass index, blood pressure, and dia...
Thank You: Toward a Buddhist Life of Frances Farmer (1913-1970)

(2011). Thank You: Toward a Buddhist Life of Frances Farmer (1913–1970) a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 26, Biopics and American National Identity, pp. 91-117.
Effect of daily loperamide administration on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of daily administration of loperamide on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity. Six dogs were randomly administered three regimens–placebo, low dose loperamide (0.10–0.15 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and high dose loperamide (0.30–0.36 mg/kg/day, p.o.)–for one week each. Using surgically implanted bipolar electrodes, gastrointestinal myoelectric activity was recorded on at least 2 fed and 2 fasted experimental days for each regimen. In the fasted state, low dose loperamide decreased MMC cycle length, initiated intestinal amyogenesia in 40% of experiments, but did not induce vomiting. High-dose loperamide in the fasted state did not change MMC cycle length, but induced vomiting in 50% of experiments and initiated intestinal amyogenesia in 43% of experiments. The rate of occurrence of the myoelectric carrelates of giant migrating contractions (GMCs) and retrograde giant contractions (RGCs) increased with loperamide administration at both doses, as did the rate of occurrence of fed state MMCs. We conclude that daily oral administration of loperamide results in: (1) a dose-dependent effect on MMC cycle length; (2) intestinal amyogenesia; (3) an increase in frequency of vomiting at higher doses; and (4) an increase in incidence of GMCs and RGCs.
Effect of Alkali Ions on the Crystallization of 3BaO·5SiO2 Glass

In this study we have investigated the effects of alkali additions on the spherulitic crystallization process in 3BaO·5SiO2 glass. Both Li+ and Na+ increased the growth rate of the spherulites and reduced the crystallization temperature from that in the base glass. Li+ and Na+ also reduced the temperature at which the microstructural transformation from spherulites to laths took place. Dielectric loss measurements suggest that the effect of the alkali additions on crystallization temperature is due to their concentration in grain boundaries, thereby lowering the viscosity of the remaining glass, and increasing mobility rates.
Combination therapy of lovastatin and rolipram provides neuroprotection and promotes neurorepair in inflammatory demyelination model of multiple sclerosis.

Drug combination therapies for central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) are gaining momentum over monotherapy. Over the past decade, both in vitro and in vivo studies established that statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) and rolipram (phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor; blocks the degradation of intracellular cyclic AMP) can prevent the progression of MS in affected individuals via different mechanisms of action. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of lovastatin (LOV) and rolipram (RLP) in combination therapy to promote neurorepair in an inflammatory CNS demyelination model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Combination treatment with suboptimal doses of these drugs in an established case of EAE (clinical disease score ≥ 2.0) significantly attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and protected myelin sheath and axonal integrity in the CNS. It was accompanied with elevated level of cyclic AMP and activation of its associated protein kinase A. Interestingly, combination treatment with these drugs impeded neurodegeneration and promoted neurorepair in established EAE animals (clinical disease score ≥ 3.5) as verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic analyses. These effects of combination therapy were minimal and/or absent with either drug alone in these settings. Together, these data suggest that combination therapy with LOV and RLP has the potential to provide neuroprotection and promote neurorepair in MS, and may have uses in other related CNS demyelinating diseases. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Seasonal Patterns of Movement and Residency by Striped Bass within a Subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay

Abstract Although often generalized as anadromous, striped bass Morone saxatilis show varying degrees of residency in natal estuaries and exhibit diverse seasonal migration patterns in estuarine and coastal waters. Most coastal striped bass originate from the Chesapeake Bay, but the bay and its subestuaries also harbor substantial numbers of striped bass throughout the year. The degree to which resident striped bass inhabit individual subestuaries was evaluated by use of acoustic telemetry. We investigated seasonal patterns of movement within and outside of the Patuxent River, a centrally located, intermediate-size subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay. A fixed acoustic receiver array was deployed in the Patuxent River, and 42 acoustic-tagged striped bass were monitored for a 2-year period (2008–2009). Seasonal patterns of movement within the subestuary were similar between years and were generally consistent with overall anadromous behavior: striped bass moved downestuary during winter to points outside the P...
Lessons learned in coastal habitat and land-based pollution management in the South China Sea

Abstract The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Global Environment Facility (GEF) project entitled “ Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand ” developed and operated a regional network of 23 coastal habitat demonstration sites and land-based pollution pilot activities from 2002 to 2008. This network generated examples of best practice in coastal habitat and land-based pollution management that were documented, shared regionally, and used to inform the development of National Action Plans and the Strategic Action Programme for the South China Sea. Examples of these best practices include: strengthened cross-sectoral coordination and management; involvement of stakeholders in development of fisheries refugia ; involvement of the private sector in coastal management; building capacity of local government and communities for law enforcement; changes in awareness and habits by local communities and industry participation in land-based pollution prevention; integration of traditional knowledge and practices into management planning; adoption of supplementary and alternative livelihoods as tools for improved habitat and resource management; promotion of sustainable tourism in coastal areas; rehabilitation of habitats and sustainable aquaculture practices; and bilateral cooperation for transboundary water resource management. Each of these best practices are reviewed and discussed from the perspectives of lessons learned and opportunities for their replication and scaling-up. The role of the network of demonstration sites in integrating local governments and communities within national and regional frameworks and in generating bilateral co-operation for natural resource and environmental management in the South China Sea marine basin is highlighted as a key innovation in transboundary water resource management that has potential for future application both in Southeast Asia and elsewhere.
CAPSTAN AS A MECHANICAL AMPLIFIER

A capstan is simply a cylinder with a flexible body such as a string or cable wrapped around it. Capstans are generally used to assist in the lifting or pulling of heavy objects in the form of winches. By controlling the input tension on the cord, a capstan can dynamically amplify the input. It is hypothesized that a single capstan with multiple cords wrapped about it can act as numerous mechanical amplifiers. The validity of the classic capstan equation was investigated in this study. It was found that, where the classic equation is able to provide a rough estimation of the dynamics of a capstan system, a more complex equation was needed to fully define the behavior. A more complex equation was developed and compared to the experimental data. It was found to accurately describe the dynamics of the system and explanations were offered to describe the contributing forces.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Temperature Dependence of Susceptibility of Zinc, Cadmium, and Gamma-Brass

The temperature dependence (14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K-373\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) of the diamagnetic susceptibility of zinc and cadmium single crystals and several polycrystalline gamma-brasses has been investigated. For zinc, pronounced maxima occur in the susceptibility parallel to the hexagonal axis (${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$) at 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 105\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and minima occur at 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The susceptibility perpendicular to the hexagonal axis (${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$) is independent of temperature from 14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and then decreases linearly as the temperature is increased. For cadmium, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ decreases by a factor of three between 14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 373\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K while ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ increases by 7 percent in the same temperature interval. Measurements on polycrystals of copper-zinc alloys in the gamma-phase show that the temperature coefficient of susceptibility changes from positive to negative as copper content is increased, in agreement with previously reported measurements above room temperature. At the copper rich end of the phase, the susceptibility increases by 10 percent between 14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 293\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; at the zinc rich end of the phase, the susceptibility decreases by 3 percent in the same temperature interval.
New Records for Physetocaris Microphthalma Chace (Decapoda, Caridea, Physetocarididae) From the South Pacific

Between July 1962 and December 1972, as part of the U.S. Antarctic Research Program, the USNS "Eltanin" was involved in a systematic, multidisciplinary survey of the Antarctic, Subantarctic, and adjacent regions of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans south of 30°S. Extensive use of a 3-m Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl formed an integral part of the biological portions of this program. Numerous samples of midwater organisms were collected and subsequently processed by the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center. Among the pelagic caridean crustaceans provided me by the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center for a report on the Oplophoridae collected from the South Pacific were two specimens of Physetocaris microphthalma Chace, taken at positions which considerably extend the geographical range of this rare species.
Pathogenicity of Rhabditid Nematodes (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) to Alfalfa Snout Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae

Three naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes— Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Oswego strain) , Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (NY001 strain), and Steinernema sp. (undescribed) (NY008-2Estrain)—and four nematodes obtained from commercial sources— H. bacteriophora (NC strain), Steinernema feltiae (N-356 strain), Steinernema riobravus. (355) strain, and Steinernema glaseri (326 strain)—were tested for pathogenicity against alfalfa snout beetle larvae, Otiorhynchus ligustici (L.) In laboratory bioassays using soil, all nematodes except H. bacteriophora (Oswego strain) caused <50% mortality in mature alfalfa snout beetle larvae exposed to 200 infective juveniles. At a similar rate, H. bacteriophora (Oswego strain) caused 65-80% mortality in mature alfalfa snout beetle larvae. In the greenhouse, H. bacteriophora (Oswego strain) killed 90% of alfalfa snout beetle larvae infesting potted alfalfa plants 14 d after application of 30,000 infective juveniles to the soil surface. Application of 4,500 infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora (Oswego strain) to pots containing alfalfa infested with alfalfa snout beetle larvae significantly reduced feeding damage to roots by alfalfa snout beetle larvae and subsequently preserved the dry weight of the roots. Results from these laboratory bioassays and studies with potted plants in greenhouses suggest that entomopathogenic nematodes, particularly H. bacteriophora (Oswego strain), deserve further study as potential biological control agents against alfalfa snout beetle larvae infesting alfalfa fields in New York.
Colour as a Secondard Quality

Hence I think that these tastes, odors, colors, etc., on the side of the object in which they seem to exist, are nothing else than mere names, but hold their residence solely in the sensitive body; so that if the animal were removed, every such quality would be abolished and annihilated. Nevertheless, as soon as we have imposed names on them, particular and different from those of the other primary and real accidents, we induce ourselves to believe that they also exist just as truly and really as the latter.2
Field emission from nanotube bundle emitters at low fields

The fabrication of nanotube field emitters with an onset field as low as 0.8 V/μm is described and the low-field electron emission mechanism is discussed. These emitters are made using nanotube cathode deposit with the addition of epoxy resin. The preferred orientation of nanotubes in nanotube bundles of the deposit is preserved. The nanotube tips are sharpened by exposing the nanotube bundle surface to a microwave oxygen plasma. The local-field enhancement factor is estimated to be 8000 by using the Fowler–Nordheim equation. The low onset field is attributed to the well-distributed, highly orientated sharp tips at the sample surface.