cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Law, plans and practical reason

I. MORALITY OR CONVENTION?American lawyers are audacious by nature and have been known, on more than one occasion, to make outrageous arguments on behalf of their clients. Yet there is one claim that even the most shameless of lawyers would not put forward in an American court: No one would ever challenge the idea that the United States Constitution is law in the United States.1. Imagine a lawyer saying to a judge: “Yes, your honor, I concede that my client purposefully engaged in multiple acts of counterfeiting. But, unfortunately for the prosecution, Article I of the Constitution is not good law, and hence Congress lacks the authority to criminalize counterfeiting. The court has no choice but to set my client free.” For if there is one proposition of law that enjoys universal acceptance by the bench and is held with unshakable conviction, it is that the United States Constitution determines the authority structure of the federal government and is legally binding on all officials.
Predicting and Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death

Case presentation : A 61-year-old moderately obese (body mass index 28.1 kg/m2) hypertensive diabetic man without any prior cardiac history collapsed suddenly at a town meeting. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated, an automated external defibrillator available at the town hall was deployed, and a single shock was delivered. He regained a pulse and spontaneous respirations. He was transported to the local hospital, where he was stabilized, but remained comatose. The patient was immediately transferred to a tertiary hospital, where a therapeutic hypothermia protocol was initiated. No ECG or laboratory evidence of a transmural myocardial infarction (MI) was present. He regained consciousness 2 days after resuscitation. Coronary angiography demonstrated significant obstruction of 3 major coronary arteries, with mild global impairment of left ventricular function with an ejection fraction of 45%. Coronary bypass surgery was performed, and after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement, he was discharged on a statin, a β-blocker, aspirin, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. The patient has no residual neurological or cognitive deficits. He has done well clinically in a cardiac rehabilitation program stressing exercise, diet, and lifestyle changes to achieve an ideal body weight. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) from cardiac arrest is the most common cause of death worldwide, accounting for >50% of all deaths from cardiovascular disease.1–4 SCD results in ≈250 000 to 300 000 deaths annually in the United States,1–4 and is characterized by unexpected cardiovascular collapse due to an underlying cardiovascular cause.1,2 SCD represents a major challenge for the clinician because most episodes occur in individuals without previously known cardiac disease.1–4 Because most individuals experiencing SCD currently are not identifiable as being at high risk, community-based public access to defibrillation programs is essential to save lives and improve neurological and functional outcomes for …
Selection of reference genes for qPCR in hairy root cultures of peanut

Hairy root cultures produced via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation have emerged as practical biological models to elucidate the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. To effectively understand the expression patterns of the genes involved in the metabolic pathways of these compounds, reference genes need to be systematically validated under specific experimental conditions as established by the MIQE (Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments) guidelines. In the present report we describe the first validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR in hairy root cultures of peanut which produce stilbenoids upon elicitor treatments.
Investigating worst case power noise for LP-DDR2 multi ports impedance network

Low Power DDR2 (LP-DDR2) circuit blocks and buffers are grouped into different partitions, Byte Lanes. The on die power grids interconnects between every Byte Lane is either enlarged or isolated totally from other blocks to reduce the leakage current and maximize the power saving. We observed that the Byte Lane isolation can introduce additional standing wave SSO power noise. The observation differs from mainstream DDR implementation where the SSO noise behaves as a periodic resonance waveform. In order to fully understand the unusual observation, we built a R, L, G, C model to generate the Power Delivery Network (PDN) Impedance Matrix. Then we proposed In Phase SSO (IP-SSO) noise from the PDN impedance matrix as the worst case scenario. With the proposed algorithm, we studied the sensitivity of on die power metal grid and board decoupling capacitors. The result concluded that on die power isolation can further worsen the SSO noise regardless the number of decoupling capacitor on the board. We suggested that on die power grid must be included into the pre-silicon simulation to capture the standing wave and worst case behavior.
Permanent implantation of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is safe for pelvic surgery

Clinical trials have shown the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane to be a highly effective adhesion barrier in gynaecological reconstructive surgery, but the material has not gained wide acceptance because of uncertainty about long-term safety. We conducted a prospective, observational multicentre study to determine if permanent implantation of the ePTFE membrane in the pelvis caused any adverse effects. The subjects were 146 women in whom the membrane was implanted permanently during peritoneal reconstruction in 1991-1996. Postoperatively, patients were examined at regular intervals. The mean postoperative observation time was 3.5 years. No long-term complications occurred. There were 10 births by Caesarean section and 12 by vaginal delivery. All of the pregnancies before these 22 births were uneventful, including 10 in which the women had uterine implantation sites. There were two ectopic pregnancies and three spontaneous abortions. Since the primary purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term safety of ePTFE, early second-look laparoscopy was not performed routinely. Nevertheless, 24 women had a subsequent operation. Adhesions were present at 8/21 of the membrane sites in these women, a significant decrease compared with adhesions at 17/21 sites during the initial procedure (P = 0.005). This large, multicentre study confirmed the long-term safety of the ePTFE membrane in pelvic reconstruction. Removal of the barrier is not necessary.
Anions and the contraction of glycerol-extracted muscle fibers

Glycerinated rabbit psoas fibers 5-19 days old were immersed in contracting solutions with and without varying concentrations of different sodium salts. Raising the pH of the solution in small steps identified a threshold pH above which the fibers rapidly developed maximum tension. In solutions with added chloride or acetate (O-O.15 M), threshold pH and maximum tension changed only slightly. In solutions with added nitrate, bromide, or iodide, fibers developed much less tension, according to the series: CH&OO- > Cl- > NOa- > Br- > I-. Addition of excess calcium to the last solutions produced no further tension. After 15 min in NO,, Br-, or I- solution, fibers partially regained tension when reimmersed in acetate but not chloride solution. Fibers that had developed tension in chloride solution lost some of it when reimmersed in nitrate, bromide, or iodide solution, according to the same anion series, out they retained more tension than they could develop initially in the latter solution.
Availability of substance abuse treatment services in Spanish: A GIS analysis of Latino communities in Los Angeles County, California

The percentage of Latino clients entering outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) in the United States has increased significantly in the past 10 years. Evidence suggests that a lack of services in Spanish is a significant barrier to treatment access among Latinos. Using a geographic information system (GIS) approach, data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) were analyzed to determine the geographic distance between OSAT facilities with services in Spanish and Latino communities throughout Los Angeles County, CA. Data from N-SSATS were also analyzed using logistic regression models to examine organizational characteristics and their association with offering services in Spanish. Our GIS methods are tested in their ability to provide baseline measures to inform future analysis comparing changes in demography and service infrastructure. GIS analysis revealed cold spots representing high-density Latino communities with extensive travel distance to facilities offering services in Spanish. The average linear distance between Latino communities and facilities offering Spanish-language services ranged from 2 to 6 miles, while the location of the cold spots pointed to a need for services in Spanish in a particular subregion of the county. Further, secondary data analysis revealed that, on average, being privately owned (OR = .23, 95% CI = 0.06-0.90) was associated with a lower likelihood of providing services in Spanish compared to public facilities. Additionally, a facility with a state license (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.12-3.88) or a higher number of Medicaid recipients (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.76-5.05) was twice as likely to offer services in Spanish. Despite the significant presence of Latinos in L.A. County in 2000, low capacity was found in discrete Latino communities in terms of offering OSAT services in Spanish. Funding and regulation play a significant role in facilities' capacity to offer these services. Future studies should build from our multi-method approach to compare changes in population demography and system infrastructure and inform health care policy that seeks to improve providers' capacity to provide linguistically competent care.
The Piecewise Smooth Mumford–Shah Functional on an Arbitrary Graph

The Mumford-Shah functional has had a major impact on a variety of image analysis problems, including image segmentation and filtering, and, despite being introduced over two decades ago, it is still in widespread use. Present day optimization of the Mumford-Shah functional is predominated by active contour methods. Until recently, these formulations necessitated optimization of the contour by evolving via gradient descent, which is known for its overdependence on initialization and the tendency to produce undesirable local minima. In order to reduce these problems, we reformulate the corresponding Mumford-Shah functional on an arbitrary graph and apply the techniques of combinatorial optimization to produce a fast, low-energy solution. In contrast to traditional optimization methods, use of these combinatorial techniques necessitates consideration of the reconstructed image outside of its usual boundary, requiring additionally the inclusion of regularization for generating these values. The energy of the solution provided by this graph formulation is compared with the energy of the solution computed via traditional gradient descent-based narrow-band level set methods. This comparison demonstrates that our graph formulation and optimization produces lower energy solutions than the traditional gradient descent based contour evolution methods in significantly less time. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of the graph formulation to apply the Mumford-Shah functional to new applications such as point clustering and filtering of nonuniformly sampled images.
Perceived marginalization and its association with physical and psychological health

Perceiving one’s romantic relationship as socially marginalized (i.e., as lacking social approval and acceptance) has been linked to an array of worse relational outcomes, including a greater likelihood of breakup. The present research extended this line of work by examining whether individuals who perceive disapproval specifically because of their current romantic relationship tend to experience worse personal health as well. Using an internet-based sample of romantically involved individuals, this study revealed that perceived marginalization of one’s relationship was associated with reporting more symptoms of poor physical health, as well as lower self-esteem. Each of these associations was mediated by negative affect. Moreover, perceived marginalization was directly associated with engagement in riskier health behaviors, including more cigarette smoking and less frequent condom use. These associations remained, even when controlling for important personal and relationship characteristics. Thus, percei...
Women Have the Same Desflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration as Men: A Prospective Study

Background: Women generally report greater sensitivity to pain than do men, and healthy young women require 20% more anesthetic than healthy age-matched men to prevent movement in response to noxious electrical stimulation. In contrast, MAC for xenon is 26% less in elderly Japanese women than in elderly Japanese men. Whether anesthetic requirement is similar in men and women thus remains in dispute. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the desflurane concentration required to prevent movement in response to skin incision (MAC) differs in men and women.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction

1. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as fetal weight below the tenth percentile and an abdominal girth below the 2.5 percentile. 2. Factors associated with IUGR can be categorized as fetal genetic, uterine environmental, maternal, toxic exposures, and constitutional. 3. Complications associated with IUGR include early complications (increased mortality, pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, still birth) and late complications (learning, behavioral, and developmental abnormalities).
Late potentials: Are they related to cardiovascular complications in children with type 1 diabetes?

Abstract Introduction: The aim of our study was to assess the influence of cardiovascular complications on the occurrence of late ventricular potentials (LP) in children with diabetes mellitus type 1. Materials and methods: 72 children (36 boys and 36 girls), with average course of diabetes type 1 of 6.5±2.8 years, were included into the study. Standard physical examination, blood pressure measurements, signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG), autonomic test, 24-h Holter monitoring, and Doppler echo investigations were performed. The control group consisted of 55 sex- and age-matched healthy children. We utilised nonlinear logistic regression analysis to assess the effect of disease duration, albuminuria, insulin demand, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), heart rate variability (HRV) indices, diabetes complication score, metabolic control, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular parameters, and ventricular arrhythmias on LP occurrence. Results: LP was discovered in 12 patients with diabetes and in 1 from the control group ( P P P Conclusions: Diabetes type 1 is associated not only with increased occurrence of abnormal SAECG but also with LP presence. The disease duration, posterior wall thickness, and CAN are independent predictors of LP appearance in diabetes type 1 children. The presence of cardiovascular complication has no influence on LP occurrence in diabetic children.
Mineral Resources: Arctic Alaska

Exploration of the United States Arctic during the past century, at first largely by government agencies but increasingly by industry, has identified the existence of major resources of coal, zinc, lead, and copper as well as significant occurrences of oil shale, phosphate, gold, silver, and other commodities.1 The Arctic Slope coal deposits alone constitute a large part of the coal resources of the United States. The zinc-lead and copper deposits are sufficiently large that they may well influence the worldwide mining of these commodities in future years. These large mineral deposits of Arctic Alaska represent billions of dollars of commodities in the ground, but the area’s remoteness, harsh climate, and environmental and land status problems have been major obstacles to the exploitation of the region.
G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Gastrointestinal Physiology II. Regulation of neuropeptide receptors in enteric neurons *

Neuropeptides exert their diverse biological effects by interacting with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this review we address the question, What regulates the ability of a target cell, in particular a neuron, to respond to a neuropeptide? Available evidence from studies of many GPCRs in reconstituted systems and transfected cell lines indicates that much of this regulation occurs at the level of the receptor and serves to alter the capacity of the receptor to bind ligands with high affinity and to couple to heterotrimeric G proteins. Although some of the knowledge gained from these studies is applicable to the regulation of neuropeptide receptors on neurons, at present there are far more questions than answers.
Introduction: A Personal Perspective on 'Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof'

This paper - an introduction to a collection of papers - sets the stage for a discussion of the possible contribution of artificial intelligence - computational intelligence - to the study and management of proof in litigation.
Structure–Conductivity Relationships of Block Copolymer Membranes Based on Hydrated Protic Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Effect of Domain Spacing

Elucidating the relationship between chemical structure, morphology, and ionic conductivity is essential for designing novel high-performance materials for electrochemical applications. In this work, the effect of lamellar domain spacing (d) on ionic conductivity (σ) is investigated for a model system of hydrated diblock copolymer based on a protic polymerized ionic liquid. We present a strategy that allows for the synthesis of a well-defined series of narrowly dispersed PS-b-PIL with constant volume fraction of ionic liquid moieties (fIL ≈ 0.39) and with two types of mobile charge carriers: trifluoroacetate anions and protons. These materials self-assemble into ordered lamellar morphologies with variable domain spacing (ca. 20–70 nm) as demonstrated by small-angle X-ray scattering. PS-b-PIL membranes exhibit ionic conductivities above 10–4 S/cm at room temperature, which are independent of domain spacing consistent with their nearly identical water content. The conductivity scaling relationship demonstra...
Dielectric-loaded end-fire slot antenna with low back-lobe radiation for UHF RFID applications

In this paper two end-fire constant width slot antennas built over an FR4 substrate are presented for UHF RFID tracking systems (902–928 MHz). The antennas are fed by a CPW to slot-line transition tuned to 915 MHz. Dielectric loading is implemented as a way to reduce the half-power beamwidth (HPBW); specifically, variations in the FR4 substrate thickness and additional loading material are used to achieve a 3 dB beamwidth of 75°, which is an improvement of 55° compared with the 130° HPBW when no loading is applied. Corrugated edges provide front-to-back ratio enhancement, achieving a ratio of 17.74 dB compared to 10.7 dB with no corrugation.
Ruthenium Complexes of Triazole-Based Scorpionate Ligands Transfer Hydrogen to Substrates under Base-Free Conditions

The first ruthenium complexes of bulky tris(triazolyl)borate (Ttz) ligands were synthesized, fully characterized, and studied as transfer hydrogenation catalysts. The structures of the complexes we...
Incidence of Atheroembolic Renal Failure After Coronary Angiography A Prospective Study

Atheroembolic renal failure (AERF) is often seen after vascular procedures in elderly atherosclerotic patients. To estimate the incidence of AERF after coronary angiography, all patients undergoing coronary angiography at the V.A. Medical Center, Dayton, were prospectively evaluated for AERF. Since, unlike contrast nephropathy, AERF develops about a week after the vascular procedure and persists or progresses over weeks and months, serum creatinine was measured just prior to and 3 weeks after coronary angiography. Peripheral signs of cholesterol emboli were also looked for at follow-up visits. Two hundred sixty-seven patients underwent coronary angiography over a fifteen-month period. Most of the patients were sixty years old or older. Mean serum creatinine in these patients prior to coronary angiography was 1.2 mg/dL. Mean serum creatinine after coronary angiography was unchanged (1.2 mg/dL). Only 7 patients had serum creatinine > 2 mg/dL prior to coronary angiography. Two patients died within a week of coronary angiography and 2 did not return for follow-up. Of the remaining 263 patients, 5 had a serum creatinine increase by 0.5 mg/dL or more at three weeks after coronary angiography. Three of 5 had a serum creatinine increase by 1.0 mg/dL or more. Two of these 3 patients eventually died of renal failure. None of these 5 patients had peripheral signs of cholesterol emboli. In selected patients, the incidence of AERF after coronary angiography appears to be very low (< 2%).
6 SAFETY OF DISCHARGE AFTER DAY 3 WITH PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Introduction Early reperfusion therapy of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has decreased hospital stay. We hypothesized that pts receiving early primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could be safely discharged on hospital day 3. Methods We reviewed the records of all pts with AMI admitted to the University of Kansas Hospital from 3/2003-4/2004. With admission day as Day 0, we noted the day of occurrence of each event which required hospital care for prevention or treatment, including sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), atrial fibrillation (AF), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), symptomatic hypotension (LBP), AV block (AVB), shock, heart failure (CHF), ventilator support (Vent), recurrent ischemia (Isch), AMI, stroke, and death. Results Of 570 AMI pts, 408 were admitted>12 hours after onset. The remaining 162 pts, all with successful PCI, were aged 59 ± 13 years and 82% were male. ST elevation AMI occurred in 86% with inferior location in 57% and anterior in 37%. TIMI score was 3.1 ± 2.0. Time from hospital arrival to cardiac catheterization was 109 ± 80 minutes. One hundred thirty-one events (range 1-7) occurred in 73 pts (45%) while 89 pts experienced no events. (Table) Ninety-eight percent of events occurred on Days 0-3. All 3 pts with later events also had events on Day 0. In a multivariate model, only EF was a significant predictor of events, p=0.04. Of pts with EF Conclusion It is safe to discharge AMI pts after hospital Day 3, if they had successful primary PCI and have not experienced complications during Days 0-3. While EF predicts overall events, it is an imperfect tool for discharge planning.
Increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma with hypertension.

AbstractOf 276 patients who underwent evaluation to determine the cause of hypertension 2 were found to have unsuspected renal cell carcinoma. This prevalence of 0.73 per cent is 16 times higher than expected for an age-matched population. Both patients exhibited abnormalities of plasma renin activity before radical nephrectomy but they remained hypertensive postoperatively. The data suggest an unexplained association between hypertension and renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, abnormalities on excretory urograms in hypertensive people should be defined by selective renal arteriography.
Emma Dadson. Emergency Planning and Response for Libraries, Archives and Museums. Lanham: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2012. 230p. ISBN 978-0810887565. $80

Disaster and emergency planning for libraries and heritage institutions can be a daunting task, especially for individuals not already familiar with creating these plans. As someone who has recently been tasked with updating an existing disaster plan—or emergency plan, as Dadson prefers to call it—I approached Emergency Planning and Response for Libraries, Archives and Museums as both a reviewer and an interested reader. Despite coming in at only 230 pages, this book is a fully comprehensive guide to both creating and using a disaster plan. A quick glance at the table of contents told me everything I needed . . .
Neuroendocrinology and Neuroimaging Studies of Social Anxiety Disorder

Publisher Summary Substantial advances have been made in the neurobiology of stress and of fear from animal, lesion, and human studies. By extension, these advances have been translated into clinical investigations of patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). This chapter provides a qualitative review and synthesis of the extant literature on the neuroendocrinology and neuroanatomy of SAD. Neurobiological investigations of SAD, a disorder of abnormal fear of social and performance situations, show that evidence of neuroendocrine dysregulation in response to stress though the pattern of cortisol reactivity has been inconsistent. Moreover, anomalous reactivity may be limited to a subset of individuals with SAD and may reflect individual variability in the stress response. The finding that early aversive experiences contribute to cortisol reactivity in SAD and the possibility that individual differences in coping style may affect cortisol levels suggest that more study in the area of individual differences in HPA axis reactivity and their relation to social anxiety is warranted.
Improving superhydrophobic textile materials

Abstract: Since the wettability of a solid surface is determined by two parameters, the chemical composition and the geometrical structure of a rough surface, the combination of these two factors are used for the development of superhydrophobic surfaces. In this chapter, the relationships among contact angles, surface tension and surface roughness are reviewed; the physical surface modifications for the design of superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed; the wetting behavior of a rough surface is compared with that of a smooth surface; the relationship between the contact-angle hysteresis and the roll-off angle is analyzed, and the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces using textile structures is discussed.
A high resolution population grid for the conterminous United States: The 2010 edition

Abstract Readily available high resolution data on population distribution is an important resource for monitoring human-environment interactions and for supporting planning and management decisions. Using a grid that approximates population density over the entire country seems like the most practical approach to exploring and distributing detailed population data but instead data based on census aggregation units is still the most widely used method. In this paper we describe the construction of 30 m resolution grid representing the distribution of population in 2010 over the entire conterminous United States. The grid is computed using 2010 U.S. Census block level population counts disaggregated by a dasymetric model that uses land cover (2011 NLCD) and land use (2010 NLUD) as ancillary data. Detailed descriptions of the ancillary data and dasymetric model are given. Methods of computing the grid are presented followed by an extensive assessment of model accuracy. Overall the expected value for relative error of the model is 44% which is at the lower limit of errors reported for other continental-sized, high resolution population grids. We also offer a more specific error estimate for areas with specified value of population density. Using two example areas, one highly urbanized and another rural, we demonstrate the advantages of using the gridded population data over the census block-based data. Our 30 m population grid is available for online exploration and for download from the custom-made GeoWeb application SocScape at http://sil.uc.edu .
Genome Editing in the Retina: A Case Study in CRISPR for a Patient-Specific Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa Model

The future of precision medicine, genome editing has gained momentum in the field of ophthalmology because of the eye’s amenability to genetic interventions. The eye is an ideal target for gene therapy due to its accessibility, ease of noninvasive monitoring, significant compartmentalization, immunoprivileged status, optical transparency, and the presence of a contralateral control. One of the first gene therapy clinical trials was conducted in the eye for a severe form of early-onset retinal dystrophy called Leber congenital amaurosis, and it has encouraged further exploration of this technique as a viable treatment option for other inherited disorders across medical disciplines. This chapter highlights current ocular gene therapy approaches, clinical and preclinical experiments, and provides a case study of the bench-to-bedside personalized medicine approach taken for a novel and rare retinitis pigmentosa mutation.
MISSION PLANNING FOR THE VOYAGER 2 ENCOUNTER WITH URANUS-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING APPLICATIONS

Abstract The Voyager 2 spacecraft will encounter Uranus in 1986. The science yield depends strongly on the choices of data modes and processing implemented aboard the spacecraft, and on the capability of ground stations to receive the transmitted data. A linear program is utilized to simulate and schedule spacecraft imaging activities and maximize the number of pictures returned to Earth. The return is studied as a function of data mode implementation and antenna utilization, and varies widely over the parameter space. Recommendations are made for planning optimal use of project resources. The technique has been used extensively both for Uranus and for advance planning of the Neptune encounter in 1989.
Data-Driven Investigation into Causes of Collapse in Scaffolds

AbstractThis work presents an investigation into the causes of collapse in scaffolds. The study was performed by identifying the prevalence of common scaffold design and construction attributes (such as those related to the geometry and construction of a scaffold or applied loads) during collapse and studying any correlations between these attributes and the number of scaffold collapses over several years. The data on scaffold collapse were gathered from those published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Using these data, the causes of collapse were classified into several categories, and scaffold attributes prevalent in collapse within each category were examined. This classification was further refined into two main categories of collapses resulting from (1) improper design or (2) construction errors. The comparison of failure data for these two categories determined that the improper design of scaffolds causes approximately 50% more collapses than construction errors.
Economic viability of lime-treated corn stover in finishing beef cattle diets

ABSTRACT Corn stover treated with a lime slurry has the potential to reduce feed costs for finishing feedlot cattle. Feed rations including lime-treated corn stover were profitable compared with the control rations for all scenarios investigated. The average annual increase in returns per feedlot space on a beef cattle feedlot operation when lime-treated corn stover was included in the rations of finishing cattle was $40.82 per feedlot space, with a range of increased returns of $7 to $90 per feedlot space depending on feed price assumptions. The range of corn prices tested was $118.10 to $196.84/Mg, and the range of corn stover prices tested was $38.58 to $60.63/dry Mg. Environmental impacts studied were soil erosion, changes in soil organic carbon, and nitrate leaching. Data from the Landscape Environmental Assessment Framework were used to quantify the environmental impacts resulting from the ration substitutions. Incorporation of environmental values with the economic results affects social values and can lead to negative social outcomes in some cases. Detrimental environmental impacts increase as the level of corn stover harvest increases, and the incorporation of environmental values to the on-farm economic values of the feed substitutions can affect the social outcome of the feed substitution.
Deletion of the rnl gene encoding a nick-sealing RNA ligase sensitizes Deinococcus radiodurans to ionizing radiation

Deinococcus radiodurans RNA ligase (DraRnl) seals 3΄-OH/5΄-PO4 nicks in duplex nucleic acids in which the 3΄-OH nick terminus consists of two or more ribonucleotides. DraRnl exemplifies a widely distributed Rnl5 family of nick-sealing RNA ligases, the physiological functions of which are uncharted. Here we show via gene knockout that whereas DraRnl is inessential for growth of D. radiodurans, its absence sensitizes the bacterium to killing by ionizing radiation (IR). DraRnl protein is present in exponentially growing and stationary phase cells, but is depleted during the early stages of recovery from 10 kGy of IR and subsequently replenished during the late phase of post-IR genome reassembly. Absence of DraRnl elicts a delay in reconstitution of the 10 kGy IR-shattered D. radiodurans replicons that correlates with the timing of DraRnl replenishment in wild-type cells. Complementation with a catalytically dead mutant highlights that nick sealing activity is important for the radioprotective function of DraRnl. Our findings suggest a scenario in which DraRnl acts at genomic nicks resulting from gap-filling by a ribonucleotide-incorporating repair polymerase.
Association of Carbon Disulfide with Plants, in the Family Fabaceae

We examined 40 taxa from nine genera within the subfamily Mimosoideae; 29 (73%) from six genera produced carbon disulfide (CS2). In addition, 19 of 40 taxa (48%) produced carbonyl sulfide (OCS). Of nine mimosoid taxa that produced CS2, all possessed a djenkolic acid and a cysteine lyase. Of three mimosoid taxa that did not produce CS2, two lacked a cysteine lyase and one lacked both a lyase and a djenkolic acid. Of 16 taxa from 14 genera from the other two subfamilies of the Fabaceae, the Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae, none produced CS2. The results suggest that CS2 production is common in the Mimosoideae and uncommon in the Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae and that plants in the Mimosoideae that do produce CS2 must possess both a djenkolic acid and a cysteine lyase for this production to occur.
Association between Use of Prophylactic Indomethacin and the Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants

Objective To assess the association between prophylactic indomethacin and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a recent, large cohort of extremely preterm infants. Study design Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data for infants with gestational ages Results Prophylactic indomethacin use varied by hospital. Treatment of a patent ductus arteriosus after the first day of life was less common among 2587 infants who received prophylactic indomethacin compared with 5244 who did not (21.0% vs 36.1%, P Conclusions Prophylactic indomethacin was not associated with either reduced or increased risk for BPD or death. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT00063063
Abstract B26: Epigenetic effects of resveratrol on mammary carcinoma

Background: We previously reported that resveratrol decreased DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3b expression in vitro and demethylates tumor suppressor RASSF-1a in women at increased breast cancer risk. Herein we document the effects of resveratrol on DNMT and miRNA expression in normal and malignant mammary tissue in a rodent model of estrogen dependent mammary carcinoma. Methods: 89 female rats received slow release estradiol plus: low dose (lo) resveratrol, high dose (hi) resveratrol, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza), a known inhibitor of DNMTs, or control (no additional treatment). After 21 weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed and mammary glands harvested. Matched tumor and normal tissues were available from 36 rats. Results: DMNT3b (but not DNMT1) differed in tumor vs. normal tissue after lo (p=.04) and hi p=.007) resveratrol. With hi resveratrol, DNMT3b decreased in tumor but increased normal tissue. Hi resveratrol increased miR21, -129, -204 and -489 from 2.5 to >5 fold in tumor and decreased the same miRs in normal tissue 10-50% compared to control. There was an inverse association between DNMT3b and miR129, 204, and 489 in normal and/or tumor tissue. Conclusion: Treatment with resveratrol differentially influences malignant vs. normal tissue DNMT3b and miRNA expression. This mechanism of action of resveratrol to influence mammary carcinogenesis warrants further investigation. Citation Format: Wenyi Qin, Ke Zhang, Kaitlin Clarke, Timothy Weiland, Edward R. Sauter. Epigenetic effects of resveratrol on mammary carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B26.
An improved heuristic for no-wait flow shop to minimize makespan

Abstract No-wait flow shop production has been widely applied in manufacturing, where no waiting time is allowed between intermediate operations. However, minimization of makespan for no-wait flow shop production is NP -hard. In this paper, we propose an average idle time (AIT) heuristic to minimize makespan in no-wait flow shop production. First, we take the current idle times and future idle times into consideration, proposing an initial sequence algorithm, and then use the insertion and neighborhood exchanging methods to further improve solutions. Compared with three existing best-known heuristics, our AIT heuristic can achieve the smallest deviations of 0.23% from optimum, based on Taillard’s benchmarks and 600 randomly generated instances, in the same computational complexity.
Contextual intelligence behaviors of female hospital managers in the United States

Healthcare is a dynamic and challenging work environment with high levels of ambiguity and volatility. Leadership behaviors and models are needed that present a new framework for leadership behavio...
To Transition or Not to Transition? That Is the Question

Purpose of Review Review evidence in the controversial management of prepubertal gender dysphoric children where some clinicians and parents advocate transition to live as a child of the non-natal sex.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Myeloablative Conditioning Is Associated with Favorable Outcomes in Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia

Abstract Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) represents a poorly characterized group of acute leukemias that lack an accepted therapeutic approach and are typically associated with poor outcomes. We present our experience of genomic profiling, pretransplantation therapy, and transplantation outcomes for 36 well-characterized pediatric and adult patients with MPAL, defined according to the 2016 World Health Organization leukemia update. A predominance of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL)–associated mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities was noted. Remission rates after induction appeared comparable among adults (20 of 23) and children (11 of 13) and among those who received ALL (10 of 11) or acute myeloid leukemia–type (21 of 25) induction. Adults underwent transplantation in first remission while children underwent transplantation in the setting of relapse or MLL rearrangement. The median follow-up among the 25 patients who underwent transplantation was 39.6 months and median overall survival was not reached. Relapse after transplantation was associated with MLL rearrangement (P = .022), reduced-intensity conditioning (P
The Development of Standard Monomial Theory-II

This article is the survey of the later stages in the development of Standard Monomial Theory.
Multimodal theranostic nanoformulations permit magnetic resonance bioimaging of antiretroviral drug particle tissue-cell biodistribution

Rationale Long-acting slow effective release antiretroviral therapy (LASER ART) was developed to improve patient regimen adherence, prevent new infections, and facilitate drug delivery to human immunodeficiency virus cell and tissue reservoirs. In an effort to facilitate LASER ART development, "multimodal imaging theranostic nanoprobes" were created. These allow combined bioimaging, drug pharmacokinetics and tissue biodistribution tests in animal models. Methods Europium (Eu3+)- doped cobalt ferrite (CF) dolutegravir (DTG)- loaded (EuCF-DTG) nanoparticles were synthesized then fully characterized based on their size, shape and stability. These were then used as platforms for nanoformulated drug biodistribution. Results Folic acid (FA) decoration of EuCF-DTG (FA-EuCF-DTG) nanoparticles facilitated macrophage targeting and sped drug entry across cell barriers. Macrophage uptake was higher for FA-EuCF-DTG than EuCF-DTG nanoparticles with relaxivities of r2 = 546 mM-1s-1 and r2 = 564 mM-1s-1 in saline, and r2 = 850 mM-1s-1 and r2 = 876 mM-1s-1 in cells, respectively. The values were ten or more times higher than what was observed for ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (r2 = 31.15 mM-1s-1 in saline) using identical iron concentrations. Drug particles were detected in macrophage Rab compartments by dual fluorescence labeling. Replicate particles elicited sustained antiretroviral responses. After parenteral injection of FA-EuCF-DTG and EuCF-DTG into rats and rhesus macaques, drug, iron and cobalt levels, measured by LC-MS/MS, magnetic resonance imaging, and ICP-MS were coordinate. Conclusion We posit that these theranostic nanoprobes can assess LASER ART drug delivery and be used as part of a precision nanomedicine therapeutic strategy.
Early Childhood Stress and Child Age Predict Longitudinal Increases in Obesogenic Eating Among Low-Income Children.

Abstract Objective To identify whether psychosocial stress exposure during early childhood predicts subsequent increased eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), emotional overeating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food. Methods This was an observational longitudinal study. Among 207 low-income children (54.6% non-Hispanic white, 46.9% girls), early childhood stress exposure was measured by parent report and a stress exposure index calculated, with higher scores indicating more stress exposure. Eating behaviors were measured in early (mean, 4.3; standard deviation, 0.5 years) and middle (mean, 7.9; standard deviation, 0.7 years) childhood. Observed EAH was assessed by measuring kilocalories of palatable food the child consumed after a meal. Parents reported on child eating behaviors on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Child weight and height were measured and body mass index z score (BMIz) calculated. Multivariable linear regression, adjusting for child sex, race/ethnicity, and BMIz, was used to examine the association of stress exposure with rate of change per year in each child eating behavior. Results Early childhood stress exposure predicted yearly increases in EAH (β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.002, 0.27) and Emotional Overeating (β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.008, 0.27). Stress exposure was not associated with Food Responsiveness (trend for decreased Enjoyment of Food; β = −0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.002, −0.26). All child obesogenic eating behaviors increased with age ( P Conclusions Early stress exposure predicted increases in child eating behaviors known to associate with overweight/obesity. Psychosocial stress may confer overweight/obesity risk through eating behavior pathways. Targeting eating behaviors may be an important prevention strategy for children exposed to stress.
Parameter Estimation in Engineering and Science

(1979). Parameter Estimation in Engineering and Science. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 221-222.
Web security & commerce

Learn how to minimize the risks of the Web with this comprehensive guide. It covers browser vulnerabilities, privacy concerns, issues with Java, JavaScript, ActiveX, and plug-ins, digital certificates, cryptography, Web server security, blocking software, censorship technology, and relevant civil and criminal issues.
Combining Drugs and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Depression

The chapters in this volume are typical of the current therapeutic approach in American psychiatry. Treatment is pluralistic, and the theoretical approach eclectic. Practitioners mix drug treatment with various kinds of psychotherapy—cognitive, psychoanalytic, or behavioral; group or family. Occasionally electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is prescribed.
A Special Collection of Articles on Disaster Planning, Preparedness, and Postdisaster Work for Older Adults.

An increasingly important issue, for scholars and social work professionals, is how to better understand and address the needs of older adults affected by a wide range of disasters. Disasters bring...
Introduction to Paleoecological Reconstruction

Ancient terrestrial ecosystems cannot be observed directly, but a wide variety of approaches and techniques have been developed that provide indirect evidence of many aspects of ecosystem functioning. By integrating multiple lines of evidence about the climate, vegetational structure, and fauna of a given location at a particular time, a relatively complete paleoecological picture of a fossil locality can be generated. This volume reviews some of the most commonly used techniques for paleobiological and paleoecological analysis; in this chapter, we briefly introduce these approaches and the insights they can provide. They include techniques for: inferring attributes of particular mammal species and/or individuals (body mass, locomotor adaptations, diet, life history variables); interpreting ancient soils (paleosols), trace fossils (ichnofossils), organic biomolecules, and plant remains of various types (pollen, phytoliths, macrofossils); analyzing isotopic and geometric morphometric data to answer a range of ecological and environmental questions; and seeking patterns in data across broad taxonomic, geographic, and/or temporal scales (ecomorphology, ecometrics, and ecological diversity analysis).
Dynamic Stabilization and Semirigid PEEK Rods for Spinal Fusion

Abstract Because fusion results in unnatural motion at adjacent levels, researchers have proposed that preserving normal motion in the spine will help alleviate, and perhaps even prevent, adjacent segment degeneration. Consequently, varieties of implant technologies have developed to preserve, limit, or enhance motion of the spine. The continued availability, radiolucency, and biomechanical success of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in spinal fusion applications have stimulated interest in using the biomaterial in new spinal applications, including dynamic stabilization and semirigid fixation. The PEEK has been successfully incorporated into both types of spinal devices, most notably as a replacement for metallic interspinous process spacers (ISPs) or metallic fusion rods. This chapter covers interspinous, motion preserving spinal implants, as well as PEEK rods used for fusion. The recent down-classification of PEEK rods for fusion applications is also addressed.
Assessment of Blood Pressure: Techniques and Implications From Clinical Trials

Hypertension is a global health problem and without adequate diagnosis and treatment is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Proper assessment of blood pressure is key to diagnosis and management of hypertension. Different methods of measurement are available for use and varying techniques are applied to patient care. Understanding the proper methods of blood pressure measurement both in and out of the physician's office is crucial for providing appropriate care to an individual patient. In addition, understanding the techniques used in research, on which current guidelines are based, is critical for proper application to daily practice. In this article, we review the types of blood pressure measurement techniques, discuss the benefits and limitations to each, explore future technological advances in measurement devices, and provide insight into research techniques, which ultimately guide our practice.