cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are there neurophenotypes for asthma? Functional brain imaging of the interaction between emotion and inflammation in asthma.

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease noteworthy for its vulnerability to stress and emotion-induced symptom intensification. The fact that psychological stress and mood and anxiety disorders appear to increase expression of asthma symptoms suggests that neural signaling between the brain and lung at least partially modulates the inflammatory response and lung function. However, the precise nature of the neural pathways implicated in modulating asthma symptoms is unknown. Moreover, the extent to which variations in neural signaling predict different phenotypes of disease expression has not been studied. Methods and Results: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural signals in response to asthmaspecific emotional cues, following allergen exposure, in asthmatics with a dual response to allergen challenge (significant inflammation), asthmatics with only an immediate response (minimal inflammation), and healthy controls. The anterior insular cortex was differentially activated by asthma-relevant cues, compared to general negative cues, during the development of the late phase of the dual response in asthmatics. Moreover, the degree of this differential activation predicted changes in airway inflammation. Conclusions: These findings indicate that neurophenotypes for asthma may be identifiable by neural reactivity of brain circuits known to be involved in processing emotional information. Those with greater activation in the anterior insula, in response to asthma-relevant psychological stimuli, exhibit greater inflammatory signals in the lung and increased severity of disease and may reflect a subset of asthmatics most vulnerable to the development of psychopathology. This approach offers an entirely new target for potential therapeutic intervention in asthma.
Towards a theory of conflict resolution in cooperative design

A study is presented of human expert group design whose purpose is to verify and instantiate a theory of conflict resolution in cooperative design. The study yields four main conclusions: (1) conflict resolution is a separate form of problem-solving expertise, (2) it plays a central role in cooperative design, (3) design rationale to support conflict resolutions needs to be represented, and (4) knowledge acquisition in cooperative design presents special challenges and requires special techniques. A description of the conflict resolution strategies is included. >
Isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium—detection during fetal life

Isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium is a rare cardiomyopathy with persistence of a myocardial architecture such as seen early in fetal development with numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular spaces. Symptoms are related to cardiac failure, arterial embolism, and severe arrhythmias. Familial recurrence has been described. We describe a case where isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium could be recognized on an ultrasound study at 23 weeks gestation, thus supporting the developmental hypothesis.
FIGURE REVERSAL AS RELATED TO SPECIFIC PERSONALITY VARIABLES.

Correlations among scores on a rigidity scale, the MAS, the DAP, range of reversals and mean number of reversals of 5 figures were higher for 50 women than for 50 men. rs ranged from —.70 to .71.
Music therapy in the 19th century America.

The history of music therapy in the United States has not been thoroughly investigated and documented. The few sources containing information on the historical uses of music in medicine concentrate primarily on 20th century practices, while virtually omitting 19th century contributions to the field. The purpose of this study was to analyze elected music therapy literature that appeared in 19th century medical journals and dissertations. The articles found in these publications indicated interest during this time in advocating the use of music to provide the patient an alternate, more holistic approach to treatment. The dissemination of music therapy ideas occurred almost exclusively through these publications, which unfortunately resulted in very limited proliferation of the topic because of the nature of the audience (i.e.,primarily physicians). Nine articles were analyzed; the study was based on primary evidence located in medical journals and dissertations written between 1804 and 1899. The sources were located in a variety of bibliographies found in books, journals, dissertations, and theses.
Compact Low-Profile Tunable Metasurface-Enabled Antenna With Near-Arbitrary Polarization

The design and characterization of a compact, low-profile metasurface-enabled antenna with tunable frequency and polarization characteristics is reported. This antenna is made possible by a tunable artificial magnetic conducting (AMC) substrate combined with tunable crossed end-loaded dipoles. Intertwined miniaturized periodic unit cells comprise the AMC, presenting a homogeneous interface to the dipoles above. Moreover, the AMC structure is predominantly air, making it very lightweight. Tunable capacitors on the dipoles allow the dynamic reconfiguration of their input impedances, which in turn allows for near-arbitrary dynamic adjusting of the antenna’s polarization for the left- or right-hand circular as well as linear with various orientations. Measurements of a prototype showed comparable performance with commercially available alternatives that were more than three times as thick as the new design reported here.
Design the Error and Leak Proofing Tooling of Engine Crankshaft Thrust

The crankshaft thrust have greater effects on the engine performance,the thrust have not the effective measure to control the error and leak installing online with the engine assembly.combine the production status,and proposed the excellent solution,According to two types of thrust,design the different error and leak proofing tooling.The toolings have prevent the thrust's error and leak install in effectively when application in assembly line,reduce the repair rate of error and leak install,improve the online quality control level.
The ℤ d Alpern multi-tower theorem for rectangles: a tiling approach

We provide a proof of the Alpern multi-tower theorem for ℤ d actions. We reformulate the theorem as a problem of measurably tiling orbits of a ℤ d action by a collection of rectangles whose corresponding sides have no non-trivial common divisors. We associate to such a collection of rectangles a special family of generalized domino tilings. We then identify an intrinsic dynamic property of these tilings, viewed as symbolic dynamical systems, which allows for a multi-tower decomposition.
Jotun Field reservoir geology and development strategy: pioneering play knowledge, multidisciplinary teams and partner co-operation – key to discovery and successful development

Accumulated knowledge from the early pioneering wells and subsequent exploration history led to the discovery of several fields in the Utsira High area during the 1990s. One of these, the Jotun Field, was discovered in 1994. The Jotun Field consists of three structures and is located on the western flank of the Utsira High, close to the eastern pinchout of the Tertiary submarine fan system. The reservoir at Jotun comprises Paleocene Heimdal Formation sands shed from the East Shetland Platform and transported across the Viking Graben area onto the Utsira High by high density gravity flow processes dominated by sandy turbidites. These distal gravity flow deposits display both thin-bedded sands alternating with shales and thicker, more massive sandstones (tens of metres thick). Minor sand injections occur throughout the field but are volumetrically insignificant. The production wells in one of the structures are completed in a slump and injection complex above thick massive reservoir sands. The Jotun Field development strategy was designed to optimize oil capture and minimize risk based on the interpreted reservoir geology. The initial development comprised 14 development wells: 12 horizontal producers, 1 water injector and 1 water disposal well. Production from the Jotun Field started in October 1999 and reached peak production in June 2000, with 140 000 BOPD. After exceeding initial expectations, declining production and rising water cut prompted an infill well programme, time-lapse seismic data acquisition and production logging in 2002. The first two wells were disappointing due to facies transition to interbedded sands and shales on the flanks of the structure and underprediction of oil–water contact movement. The newly available time-lapse seismic data were then integrated with production logging and updated depositional facies studies to evaluate additional drilling opportunities. The discovery, appraisal and development history of the Jotun Field serves as a good example of the key challenges in the Tertiary Utsira High play and the strength of applying multidisciplinary team efforts, partner co-operation and involvement to optimize asset value through tailored drilling and data acquisition programmes.
Indian monsoon's relation with the decadal part of PDO in observations and NCAR CCSM4

This study has investigated the influence of the decadal component of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the Indian monsoon in observations and coupled climate model. A major part of the conventionally defined PDO is shown to be dominated by interannual variability. By extracting the pure decadal part of the North Pacific variability, this study has shown that the Indian monsoon rainfall exhibits different relations with the conventionally defined PDO and the pure decadal component of the PDO. This result may have implications for decadal prediction of the monsoon. The analysis suggests that the warm (cold) phase of pure decadal variability of PDO is associated with deficit (excess) rainfall over the west central part of India. In contrast, the conventional warm (cold) PDO index is associated with deficit (excess) rainfall over most of India. The warm phase of the pure decadal PDO opposes the moisture flow beyond 20°N over the Indian monsoon region via the meridional winds extending from the North Pacific and leads to reduced rainfall over west central India. The Community Climate System Model version 4 of the National Center for Atmospheric Research shows reasonable simulation of the decadal PDO mode in both the North Pacific sea surface temperature and the Indian monsoon rainfall and the relation between them. Further, the observed and simulated PDO–monsoon relation is substantiated through a regionally de-coupled experiment. The coupled model experiment also provides supporting evidence for the mechanism involving the intermediary role played by the tropical Pacific Ocean in the PDO–monsoon relation.
Developing Game-Based Learning Requirements to Increase Female Middle School Students Interest in Computer Science:

This paper presents work on the development of a Game-Based Learning (GBL) application’s requirements for female middle school students which teaches fundamental concepts of programming. Currently, there are not enough students who desire to pursue Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic (STEM) career fields. Additionally, female are underrepresented in STEM fields, and increased female participation may help partially address this gap. GBL was used to encourage middle school student interest in STEM by allowing them to practice computer science concepts in engaging contexts outside the classroom. The game Sorceress of Seasons was built to teach fundamental programming concepts, and was based on six requirements specifically targeted at female middle school students. The game was tested with 15 middle school-aged students. Playing the game had a positive effect on students’ attitudes towards programming, with female students reporting a larger increase in computer science interest than males when...
Alternating Iteration for $l_{p}$ ( $0 ) Regularized CT Reconstruction

The $l_{p}$ ( $0 ) regularization has attracted a great attention in the compressive sensing field, because it can obtain sparser solutions than the well-known $l_{1}$ regularization. Recently, we developed an approximate general analytic thresholding representation for any $l_{p}$ regularization with $0 . The derived thresholding representations are exact for the well-known soft-threshold filtering for $l_{1}$ regularization and the hard-threshold filtering for $l_{0}$ regularization. Because the $l_{p}$ regularization is a nonconvex problem, an iterative algorithm can only converge to local optima instead of the global optimum. In this paper, we propose an alternating iteration algorithm for computed tomography reconstruction in a thresholding form based on our general analytic thresholding representation for better convergent properties. The alternating iteration algorithm alternatively minimizes one $l_{1}$ and one $l_{p}$ ( $0 ) regularized objective functions. While the $l_{p}$ regularization can help to find a sparser solution, the $l_{1}$ regularization can help to monitor the solution not away from the global optimum. Both numerical simulations and phantom experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed alternating iteration algorithm. Compared with the $l_{p}$ ( $0 ) regularization using a single $p$ , the proposed alternating iteration algorithm reduces more data measurements for accurate reconstruction and is more robust for projection noise.
Apps for Health-Related Education in Pharmacy Practice: Needs Assessment Survey Among Patients Within a Large Metropolitan Area.

Background: Patient education resources are crucial to the effectiveness of prescribed pharmacotherapy. However, user interest and patient preference for these materials is lacking. Regardless of the field, nearly every article on designing mHealth apps references the lack of end-user involvement as a key flaw to sustainable design. The traditional paper-based methods of patient education are difficult to tailor to a patient’s specific needs and learning styles, but a customizable app might be beneficial. Objective: Regarding a mobile app for patient education, the objectives of the study were to (1) quantify patient interest, (2) determine desirable features, and (3) determine if a relationship exists between patient variables and interest in an iPad app for patient education. Methods: A paper-based questionnaire was developed and administered to consenting patients receiving care within three sites: two suburban outpatient sites where ambulatory care services are provided and one urban hospital site where ambulatory care transition services are provided. Results: A total of 121 surveys were completed. Most respondents were female (64/120, 53.3%), between 50 and 70 years of age, white/Caucasian (94/120, 78.3%), owned at least one technology device, and knew what an iPad was. Diabetes was the most common disease state (43/120, 35.8%), followed by heart failure (27/120, 22.5%), history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (21/120, 17.5%), and asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17/120, 14.2%). Overall interest in a mobile health app for patient education was 63.7% (72/113). Interest increased to 68.4% (78/114) if a health care provider recommended it. Respondents with one chronic health condition were more likely to be interested in an app compared to those with two or more. Respondents with a history of VTE were mostly likely to be interested in using an app on their own accord, while respondents with diabetes were mostly likely to be interested if their health care provider recommended it. Conclusions: This preliminary needs assessment identified that patients are interested in using mHealth apps for health-related education in pharmacy practice, particularly if their health care provider recommends it. [JMIR Res Protoc 2017;6(7):e133]
Defining the sacred in fine art and devotional imagery

ABSTRACTBeginning with a definition of the sacred as a two-fold process of making things special, which consists of accentuation and affiliation, this essay proceeds to argue that things are made sacred in devotional piety and in fine art in parallel ways that configure images within webs of agents. The two kinds of imagery perform in practices of sacralization that move toward different ends. The production of aura is at work in each case, but operates with distinct aims. The essay then presents a historical account of fine art as a modern development tied to the rise of the nation-state, in which secularization extended to making art independent of religious institutions and patrons, allowing it to develop in a way that should be distinguished from devotional imagery. This does not mean that religion withers in the modern era, but that art developed its own mode of sacralization.
Are Experiences of Discrimination Related to Poorer Dietary Intakes Among South Asians in the MASALA Study

Abstract Objective To examine associations between self-reported discrimination and dietary intakes among South Asian (SA) people. Methods Data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study were used to analyze the relationship between self-reported discrimination and dietary behaviors (n = 866). Self-reported discrimination was measured with the 9-item continuous Everyday Discrimination Scale. Diet was measured with a culturally tailored, validated, 163-item food frequency questionnaire for SA individuals. Dietary variables examined in these analyses included weekly consumption of fruits and vegetables and sweets. The researchers employed multiple logistic and linear regression models. Results Self-reported discrimination was unrelated to fruit and vegetable intake but was positively associated with consumption of sweets per week (P = .001). Conclusions and Implications Increased consumption of sweets may be a mechanism for SA individuals to cope with stressful experiences of discrimination. Further research examining discrimination and health behavior-related coping strategies among SA people is needed.
Sulcus-Deepening Trochleoplasty and Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Instability

There are multiple etiologies for recurrent patellar instability. While patella alta, an elevated tibial tubercle trochlear groove distance, and prior lateral patellar dislocations with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) insufficiency have been shown to be risk factors for recurrent patellar instability, trochlear dysplasia can result in a significant impediment to normal patellar tracking. With the adequate identification of risk factors, appropriate surgical treatments can be individually tailored to the patient. We present a combined surgical technique of a sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty using knotless suture anchors for fixation, with MPFL reconstruction using gracilis autograft through short, oblique patellar bone tunnels to address severe trochlear dysplasia.
Representation of Time-Relevant Common Data Elements in the Cancer Data Standards Repository: Statistical Evaluation of an Ontological Approach.

Background: Today, there is an increasing need to centralize and standardize electronic health data within clinical research as the volume of data continues to balloon. Domain-specific common data elements (CDEs) are emerging as a standard approach to clinical research data capturing and reporting. Recent efforts to standardize clinical study CDEs have been of great benefit in facilitating data integration and data sharing. The importance of the temporal dimension of clinical research studies has been well recognized; however, very few studies have focused on the formal representation of temporal constraints and temporal relationships within clinical research data in the biomedical research community. In particular, temporal information can be extremely powerful to enable high-quality cancer research. Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate an ontological approach to represent the temporal aspects of cancer study CDEs. Methods: We used CDEs recorded in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Data Standards Repository (caDSR) and created a CDE parser to extract time-relevant CDEs from the caDSR. Using the Web Ontology Language (OWL)–based Time Event Ontology (TEO), we manually derived representative patterns to semantically model the temporal components of the CDEs using an observing set of randomly selected time-related CDEs (n=600) to create a set of TEO ontological representation patterns. In evaluating TEO’s ability to represent the temporal components of the CDEs, this set of representation patterns was tested against two test sets of randomly selected time-related CDEs (n=425). Results: It was found that 94.2% (801/850) of the CDEs in the test sets could be represented by the TEO representation patterns. Conclusions: In conclusion, TEO is a good ontological model for representing the temporal components of the CDEs recorded in caDSR. Our representative model can harness the Semantic Web reasoning and inferencing functionalities and present a means for temporal CDEs to be machine-readable, streamlining meaningful searches. [JMIR Med Inform 2018;6(1):e7]
Dosing of Antipsychotics: What Evidence Do We Use?

One method of determining potentially useful antipsychotic dosing ranges is to examine what is being used in the field. Once a medication has become available for some time and clinicians are experienced in using it, a possible assumption is that the doses used in the “real world” may be the best ones to try. For patients with a suboptimal treatment response, a place to look for dosing information would be among inpatients with persistent symptoms.
Consumer perspectives on physical activity interventions within assertive community treatment programs.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify strategies for encouraging greater levels of physical activity among community-dwelling individuals living with serious mental illness participating in assertive community treatment (ACT). METHOD Eighteen individuals living with serious mental illness participated in focus group interviews. Participants were recruited from an ACT provider located in the Midwestern United States. A semistructured interview protocol was developed specifically for this study. Participants responded to a series of questions on ACT physical activity programming, providing (a) information about their personal experiences with physical activity-related interventions and (b) suggestions for intervention strategies that may enhance physical activity participation in this population. Consensual qualitative research conventions, a qualitative methodology used in social sciences, were followed for organizing, coding, quantifying, and interpreting participant responses. RESULTS Several unique themes emerged from the data. Participants identified a variety of strategies used by their ACT provider to encourage physical activity, such as group physical activities and incentive programs. A number of recommendations related to skills training, intervention characteristics, and motivational strategies were identified by the participants as well. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Physical activity is an important part of successful treatment for individuals with serious mental illness. In this study, participants identified a variety of strategies that may be useful for incorporating within the ACT treatment paradigm. Participant responses were frequently consistent with the tenets of popular health behavior theory (e.g., self-determination theory). Future research should focus on the efficacy of the recommended intervention strategies and their implementation within ACT treatment settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
New insights on the co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O through a solid oxide electrolyser operating at intermediate temperatures

Abstract A solid oxide electrolyser cell based on a Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) supporting cathode, a double layer YSZ and Gadolinia-doped Ceria (GDC) electrolyte and a strontium doped lanthanum cobaltite anode (LSC) was investigated for the co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 in the range of temperatures between 525 °C and 700 °C. The flow rate of the inlet stream was selected in order to reproduce practical operating conditions conventionally adopted for solid oxide electrolysis stacks. The flow of CO2 and H2O, was 2 times of that required by the faradaic reaction at high current densities in order to achieve an utilization close to 50%. A steady-state galvanostatic operating mode was selected in combination with the analysis of the effluents by gas-chromatography. Electrochemical studies also included electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. The results showed an increase of CO content versus H2 in the formed syngas promoted by the increase of temperature. A small occurrence of methane was observed at 525 °C. The post operation analysis of the spent cell excluded the presence of carbon but it showed a fracture occurring in the cell at the interface cathode-electrolyte possibly as consequence of the re-oxidation of the cathode at the high operating temperatures. Such evidence suggests that an improvement of cell microstructure for high temperature solid oxide electrolysis is required.
Transdiagnostic neuroimaging in psychiatry: A review

Transdiagnostic approach has a long history in neuroimaging, predating its recent ascendance as a paradigm for new psychiatric nosology. Various psychiatric disorders have been compared for commonalities and differences in neuroanatomical features and activation patterns, with different aims and rationales. This review covers both structural and functional neuroimaging publications with direct comparison of different psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. Major findings are systematically presented along with specific rationales for each comparison.
Reduction in Unplanned Extubations Through Education and Team Based Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Purpose: A quality improvement project was undertaken to decrease unplanned extubations (UE) in our NICU with a goal to be below the national benchmark of 1/100 device days. Methods: A task force of RNs, RTs, and MDs was assembled in February 2012 to determine reasons for UEs in our NICU. Care protocols were reviewed and staff education was undertaken, specifically on NeoBar® application and proper positioning and movement …
Integrating OO concepts into a CS0 course

This paper describes the use of field programmable integrated circuits (FPIC) in introducing object oriented (OO) programming concepts into a CS0 Course. Using a low cost device known as the OOPIC (Object-Oriented Programmable Integrated Circuits), students can easily control hardware circuitry while being exposed to OO programming concepts. The OOPIC device simplifies hardware programming by allowing students to use common programming languages (Visual Basic, Java, or C) and a simple development environment to create and test programs. In addition to introducing the use of an OO approach to problem solving, the device provides students an opportunity to deal with simple circuits.
Effect of Radiation on DCE-MRI Pharmacokinetic Parameters in a Rabbit Model of Compromised Maxillofacial Wound Healing: A Pilot Study

Purpose Osteoradionecrosis (ORN), a potentially debilitating complication of maxillofacial radiation, continues to present a challenging clinical scenario, with limited treatment options that often fail. Translational animal models that can accurately mimic the human characteristics of the condition are lacking. In the present pilot study, we aimed to characterize the effects of radiation on the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) pharmacokinetic parameters in a rabbit model of compromised maxillofacial wound healing to determine its potential as a translational model of ORN. Materials and Methods An experimental group underwent fractionated radiation of the mandible totaling 36 Gy. At 4 weeks after irradiation, the experimental and control groups (n = 8 rabbits each) underwent a surgical procedure to create a critical size defect in the mandibular bone. DCE-MRI scans were acquired 1 week after arrival (baseline; time point 1), 4 weeks after completion of irradiation in the experimental group (just before surgery, time point 2), and 4 weeks after surgery (time point 3). Results No differences in the analyzed DCE-MRI parameters were noted within the experimental or control group between the baseline values (time point 1) and those after irradiation (time point 2). The whole blood volume fraction (vb) in the experimental group was increased compared with that in the control group after irradiation (time point 2; P Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that DCE-MRI of a rabbit model of compromised maxillofacial wound healing could reflect the DCE-MRI characteristics of human patients with ORN and those at risk of developing the condition. Future studies will focus on further characterization of this rabbit model as a translational preclinical model of ORN.
Present-day and Long-term Uplift Across the Western Transverse Ranges of Southern California

It has been known for decades that the present-day shortening rates across the Western Transverse Ranges (WTR) in southern California are rapid, reaching 10-15 mm/yr near the heavily populated Los ...
Brain Remain: Shifting the Paradigm of Pride.

Volumes of research studies, surveys, and census data document the “brain drain,” the phenomenon of highly educated and highly skilled workers migrating from their hometown to an urban or metropolitan area that promises a better life. Early indications of brain drain begin with high school graduates determining where to attend college. There is a pervasive belief that it is a measure of success and part of a process of upward mobility to go away to college, and therefore an implied failure if one remains in their hometown or region while earning a degree. This mentality and encouraged brain drain behavior is reinforced by a K-12 education system that sorts students early in their academic careers and invests in the best and brightest, while paying little attention to the majority of students (Harmon, 2010). This is a skewed approach and leaves many individuals, and their hometowns, with few opportunities and stifled upward social and economic mobility. The needs of the workforce are rapidly changing. Some form of post-secondary education is required for the majority of entry-level jobs in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2017). Yet, higher education is being faced with increasing competition and growing skepticism regarding the value of a college degree. By collaborating and partnering with the region in which an institution exists, urban, suburban, or rural, colleges and universities can cut through higher education’s competitive noise and growing skepticism, while addressing the changing workforce needs and redefining students’ pride about where they earn a degree, and begin their careers, close to home. We call this paradigm shift the “Brain Remain,” and it has the potential to significantly alter the way higher education, K-12 districts, businesses, and community leaders work, operate, and collaborate in the new economy. This, in turn, can create bold new opportunities for students where they least expect them: right in their own backyards.
Ain't No Sunshine When You're Gone: Analysis of the Knowledge Flows between Successive Generations of Solar Innovations

This paper examines the location of innovations within solar technology, using U.S. patent citation data to trace their diffusion over time. Knowledge clustering is clearly present. We employ multivariate left-censored Tobit regression analysis to control for identifiable factors, to examine whether the distance between successive innovators has changed over time. We find the distance to be increasing slightly over time, both when considering all citations and only inter-city transfers.
Data-driven quark- and gluon-jet modification in heavy-ion collisions

Whether quark- and gluon-initiated jets are modified differently by the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions is a long-standing question that has thus far eluded a definitive experimental answer. A crucial complication for quark-gluon discrimination in both proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions is that all measurements necessarily average over the (unknown) quark-gluon composition of a jet sample. In the heavy-ion context, the simultaneous modification of both the fractions and substructure of quark and gluon jets by the quark-gluon plasma further obscures the interpretation. Here, we demonstrate a fully data-driven method for separating quark and gluon contributions to jet observables using a statistical technique called topic modeling. Assuming that jet distributions are a mixture of underlying ``quark-like'' and ``gluon-like'' distributions, we show how to extract quark- and gluon-jet fractions and constituent multiplicity distributions as a function of the jet transverse momentum. This proof-of-concept study is based on proton-proton and heavy-ion collision events from the Monte Carlo event generator Jewel with statistics accessible in Run 4 of the Large Hadron Collider. These results suggest the potential for an experimental determination of quark- and gluon-jet modifications.
Risk and protective factors for intention of contraception use among women in Ghana.

The use of various forms of contraception in Ghana gained prominence after the government resorted to investing more in family planning programs when maternal mortality was declared an emergency in the country. In Ghana, the intention to use and actual usage of contraceptives is influenced by many factors, which may lead to non-usage or discontinuation. This quantitative study was conducted to determine risk and protective factors impacting on the intention and usage of contraceptives. Survey data from the Ghana 2014 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) (n = 9396) was used. A sub-sample of 7661 women in their reproductive age were included in this study, who reported being sexually active within the last year. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the association between a broad range of risk and protective factors including religion, early sexual intercourse, frequency of sex, number of lifetime sexual partners with intention to use contraception. We controlled for income, educational attainment, and age. Overall (n = 3661; 47.8%) reported no intention of contraception use. Logistic regression analysis revealed that no formal education (OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.29-1.72; p < 0.001), and primary school as highest educational level (OR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.04-1.25; p < 0.001), Islamic religion (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.90; p < 0.001), not currently employed (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.34-1.69; p < 0.001), husband opposing contraception use (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.42-3.46; p < 0.001), and currently pregnant (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09-1.54; p < 0.001) were also positively associated with no intention of use. Engaging religious leaders for advocacy in the community was identified as an approach to address barriers and increase awareness on contraceptive use. Targeted family planning programs should intensify public education on safe sex behaviors.
A Green's function approach to the study of effective anisotropic properties of the Barnett Shale

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to derive the Green's function of an anisotropic elastic medium and validate it with the effective stiffness tensor of Barnett Shale. We have derived the frequency‐dependent Green's function by using the spectral theorem for matrices, thus simplifying the process of computing Green's function and obtaining analytical solutions. Evaluating the inverse of the Green–Christoffel tensor is an essential part of computing the Green's function. Based on the degeneracy of the eigenvalues of the Green–Christoffel tensor, the inverse of the Green–Christoffel tensor is expressed in the form of partial fractions. Consequently, the stiffness tensors from the measurement of core samples of Barnett Shale are used to validate the Green's function. We use the generalized singular approximation method of effective medium theory to model the effective stiffness of the core samples from microstructural properties. The generalized singular approximation method also allows us to compute the theoretical stiffness tensor of the Barnett Shale for porosity variations. The behaviour of the Green's function, which reflects the behaviour of the media, is studied in the static, low‐ and high‐frequency domains and under different physical parameters. It is observed that the variations of crack‐induced porosity produce different trends in Green's function for vertically transverse isotropic and horizontally transverse isotropic media. Thus, the variation of porosity is observed to be influential in differentiating between transverse isotropic media that have inclusions. The Green's function results presented in this paper have direct applications in the construction of synthetic seismograms for unbounded transversely isotropic media.
Cultural Usability of E-Government Portals: A Comparative Analysis of Job Seeking Web Portals Between Saudi Arabia and the United States

Saudi Arabia has obtained a very high e-government index value for the first time in 2020. However, there is a need to address the multicultural requirements in the design of the e-government services. In this paper, we investigated the multicultural usability of the Saudi job seeking web portal, “Taqat”, compared to the United States (US) job seeking web portal, “USAJOBS”, from the perspective of Saudi and US citizens. We assessed the compatibility of both portals with the US web design guidelines (USWDS). The Saudi web portal lacks only three out of nineteen US design guidelines. Then, we conducted a user study with 200 participants, 100 Saudi citizens, and 100 US citizens using a web-based survey instrument with twenty close-ended questions measured on five-point Likert scale and Nielsen’s ten heuristic usability principles. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant multicultural gap in the usability of the Saudi web portal design compared to the US web portal. Future efforts and investigations are highly needed to reduce the multicultural differences in the usability and adoption of the Saudi job seeking web portal.
Enhancing Non-ICU Clinician Capability and ICU Bed Capacity to Manage Pandemic Patient Surge

Regardless of location around the world, intensivists and critical care team members were in short supply prior to the current pandemic. Therefore, the surge of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) stressed healthcare systems’ supplies of intensivists, critical care teams, and resources including beds. Individual facilities and integrated health systems needed to adapt to the realities of the COVID-19 patient surge while continuing to care for patients not infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in need of acute or critical care. Adaptive approaches included establishing novel intensive care unit (ICU) spaces and training non-ICU clinicians to work with seasoned ICU professionals using a tiered staffing model. Importantly, medical professional organizations played a key role in providing training materials in a free open access medical education (FOAMed) fashion. Early cessation of elective procedures initially provided staff to help care for the surge of acute or critically ill patients. The resumption of usual care while providing COVID-19 patient care has uncovered a need to enhance critical care education and skill competency in a broad range of clinicians to better prepare for the next infectious disease challenge.
A comparison of developmental reasons for substance use between sexual minority and heterosexual emerging adults

Emerging adults (EAs; 18–29 years) have the highest rates of substance use across the lifespan, with some research displaying sexual minority EAs are at higher risk of substance use than their hete...
Hartree Approximation in Field Theory

The Hartree approximation is well-known in non-relativistic many-body physics.1/ I shall review to you briefly the Hartree method in the above context. I shall then generalize the method to relativistic field theories. Most of the material presented here can be found in Refs. 2, 3, and 6.
Nanoscale Iron Particles for Environmental Remediation: An Overview

Nanoscale iron particles represent a new generation of environmental remediation technologies that could provide cost-effective solutions to some of the most challenging environmental cleanup problems. Nanoscale iron particles have large surface areas and high surface reactivity. Equally important, they provide enormous flexibility for in situ applications. Research has shown that nanoscale iron particles are very effective for the transformation and detoxification of a wide variety of common environmental contaminants, such as chlorinated organic solvents, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs. Modified iron nanoparticles, such as catalyzed and supported nanoparticles have been synthesized to further enhance the speed and efficiency of remediation. In this paper, recent developments in both laboratory and pilot studies are assessed, including: (1) synthesis of nanoscale iron particles (10–100nm, >99.5% Fe) from common precursors such as Fe(II) and Fe(III); (2) reactivity of the nanoparticles towards contaminants in soil and water over extended periods of time (e.g., weeks); (3) field tests validating the injection of nanoparticles into aquifer, and (4) in situ reactions of the nanoparticles in the subsurface.
The Challenge of the Borderline Patient: Competency in Diagnosis and Treatment

The author cuts through that confusion with his clear, sensible discussion of the development of the borderline concept, of the diagnosis of personality disorder, and of competency-based treatment.
L’integrazione ed i funzionali lineari

Si mettono in luce i legami tra la nozione d’integrale — per una funzione definita in un certo « spazio di Banach » — e la nozione di funzionale lineare (definito nello stesso spazio).
Assessment of optic disc anatomy and nerve fiber layer thickness in ocular hypertensive subjects with normal short-wavelength automated perimetry.

Abstract Purpose To compare optic disc topography and nerve fiber layer thickness in ocular hypertensive eyes and normal subjects. Design Prospective, case-controlled study. Participants and controls One eye in each of 20 normal and 27 ocular hypertensive patients was enrolled. Methods Consecutive normal and ocular hypertensive patients were enrolled. Each patient underwent complete ophthalmic examination, achromatic automated perimetry, short-wavelength automated perimetry, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, confocal scanning laser polarimetry, and optical coherence tomography. The intraocular pressure was 21 mmHg or less for normal subjects and at least 25 mmHg on two separate occasions in ocular hypertensive eyes. Structural parameters were compared between the two groups. Eyes with evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, achromatic visual field loss, or evidence of focal visual field injury during short-wavelength automated perimetry were excluded. Main outcome measures Optic nerve head topography and nerve fiber layer thickness. Results The three imaging technologies could not detect differences in optic disc or nerve fiber layer anatomy between the two groups. Ocular hypertensive eyes had a greater corrected pattern standard deviation than normal eyes during short-wavelength automated perimetry ( P = 0.04). Conclusions Ocular hypertensive eyes with normal achromatic automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry could not be distinguished from normal subjects with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, confocal scanning laser polarimetry, and optical coherence tomography.
Structural Changes and Proapoptotic Peroxidase Activity of Cardiolipin-Bound Mitochondrial Cytochrome c

The cellular process of intrinsic apoptosis relies on the peroxidation of mitochondrial lipids as a critical molecular signal. Lipid peroxidation is connected to increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, but there is also a required role for mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt-c). In apoptotic mitochondria, cyt-c gains a new function as a lipid peroxidase that catalyzes the reactive oxygen species-mediated chemical modification of the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin (CL). This peroxidase activity is caused by a conformational change in the protein, resulting from interactions between cyt-c and CL. The nature of the conformational change and how it causes this gain-of-function remain uncertain. Via a combination of functional, structural, and biophysical experiments we investigate the structure and peroxidase activity of cyt-c in its membrane-bound state. We reconstituted cyt-c with CL-containing lipid vesicles, and determined the increase in peroxidase activity resulting from membrane binding. We combined these assays of CL-induced proapoptotic activity with structural and dynamic studies of the membrane-bound protein via solid-state NMR and optical spectroscopy. Multidimensional magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR of uniformly (13)C,(15)N-labeled protein was used to detect site-specific conformational changes in oxidized and reduced horse heart cyt-c bound to CL-containing lipid bilayers. MAS NMR and Fourier transform infrared measurements show that the peripherally membrane-bound cyt-c experiences significant dynamics, but also retains most or all of its secondary structure. Moreover, in two-dimensional and three-dimensional MAS NMR spectra the CL-bound cyt-c displays a spectral resolution, and thus structural homogeneity, that is inconsistent with extensive membrane-induced unfolding. Cyt-c is found to interact primarily with the membrane interface, without significantly disrupting the lipid bilayer. Thus, membrane binding results in cyt-c gaining the increased peroxidase activity that represents its pivotal proapoptotic function, but we do not observe evidence for large-scale unfolding or penetration into the membrane core.
Diffuse reflectivity measurement of tungsten target under shock compression

An optical technique, which measures directly reflection ratio of a rough target surface in shock compression, is introduced. This technique uses laser as light source to illuminate target surface and measures light power scattering from randomly rough surface with two differently axial angles simultaneously. Reflectivity and lightness function about tungsten target surface in shock compression are deduced with variation of light power. In experimental system, polarizing beamsplitters separate laser from radiation of heat partially. The radiation of heat, which produces noise in signals, is eliminated completely by subtraction of S polarizing light beam from P polarizing beam. Reflection coefficient of tungsten target in shock-compression has been investigated and initial experiment results show: when tungsten target is shock- compressed at 165 Gpa pressure, relative change of reflection ratio compared to unshock- compression is only several times. Discussions and analyses about the technique and experimental results are also done in the end of the paper.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.