cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric hematoma--meckel's diverticulum: a rare laparoscopic complication.

In a 28-year-old patient undergoing laparoscopic tubal sterilization blood was noted trickling into the abdominal cavity at final inspection. After careful search it was thought to be an epigastric vessel and the incision was sutured. At a blood pressure drop from 120 mm Hg to 80 mm Hg and pulse increase to 130/minute plasma extenders were administered iv and laparotomy performed. After evacuation of approximately 3 liters of blood a hematoma was noted in the iliac mesentery measuring 10 cm in diameter. An ileo-ileal end-to-end anastomosis was performed followed by an apendectomy. On the antimesenteric surface of the cut ileal segment there was a small fibrous band which had been connected to the umbilicus and cut during exploration. Meckels diverticulum is found in about 2% of persons; it usually causes no symptoms. In very rare cases it may remain attached by a blind cord to the umbilicus which may cause pain or be a potential hazard if laparoscopy is to be performed.
Racial/ethnic disparities in client unilateral termination: The role of therapists’ cultural comfort

AbstractObjective: There is growing evidence highlighting the existence of inequities in mental health treatments that occur on the basis of client race and ethnicity for some therapists. In particular, therapists vary in the degree to which their racial/ethnic minority clients unilaterally terminate as compared to White clients. Although therapists have been shown to be a key source of racial/ethnic mental health treatment disparities, less is known about what predicts which therapists will have larger disparities among their clients. Method: With this in mind, the current study examined client unilateral termination within therapist caseloads, and then examined therapists’ racial/ethnic comfort and general comfort as predictors of client unilateral termination. The sample included 23 counselors who treated 177 clients at a large university counseling center. Results: The results indicated that therapists’ racial/ethnic comfort was significantly associated with racial/ethnic disparities within their case...
A Comprehensive System of Energy Intensity Indicators for the U.S.: Methods, Data and Key Trends

This report describes a comprehensive system of energy intensity indicators for the United States that has been developed for the Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) over the past decade. This system of indicators is hierarchical in nature, beginning with detailed indexes of energy intensity for various sectors of the economy, which are ultimately aggregated to an overall energy intensity index for the economy as a whole. The aggregation of energy intensity indexes to higher levels in the hierarchy is performed with a version of the Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. Based upon the data and methods in the system of indicators, the economy-wide energy intensity index shows a decline of about 14% in 2010 relative to a 1985 base year. Discussion of energy intensity indicators for each of the broad end-use sectors of the economy—residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation—is presented in the report. An analysis of recent changes in the efficiency of electricity generation in the U.S. is also included. A detailed appendix describes the data sources and methodology behind the energy intensity indicators for each sector.
Gametogenesis in the German Cockroach

Development of the testes and ovaries of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was studied by dissection and micro technique using 1-day-old nymphs to 9-day-old adults. Spermatogonial divisions first occurred in the 4th-instar nymphs with motile sperm present in late 4th-instar nymphs. Spemlatogenesis continued throughout the 5th in star and was observed in the adult testes, although it was not so prevalent. Oogonial divisions were observed in 5th-instar nymphs, with the 1st egg chambers being formed late in this in star. Mature ova were not observed until after the final molt. Rapid growth of oocytes occurred from time of 1st formation until maturation.
Smoking cessation: strategies that work.

Most physicians underestimate their power to achieve smoking cessation; the key to success is persistence.
Unmanned aerial vehicle platform stabilization for remote radar life sensing

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms are increasingly ubiquitous and an ideal platform for rapid deployment to conduct remote sensing. However, for radar sensors that measure the phase of the signal of interest, the platform must be stabilized to avoid signal distortion. Measurement of respiratory motion with a continuous wave Doppler radar sensor is vulnerable to platform motion and requires a stable platform and post-detection motion compensation signal processing. We have investigated feedback stabilization techniques via simulation and empirical measurements using a bench top test fixture to remove the motion noise.
Comparative Analysis between Two Inner-crown Designs on Compressive Strength of the Ceramometal Restoration

Objective To investigate the effect of different inner-crown designs on compressive strength of the ceramometal restoration.Methods The compressive strength of 30 anterior ceramometal restorations and nature tooth with two inner-crown designs were measured and the pounds of force was recorded when the procelian failure occurred.Results Ceramometal restorations with two stronger than nature tooth;the eramometal restorations with venner type inner-crown designs were stronger than full-bake type inner-crown designs.Conclusion To select the venner type inner-crown designs could raise the compressive strength of ceramometal restorations.
Analysis of the measles surveillance and epidemiology of Mianyang city in 2009

Objective:To understand the epidemic characteristics of measles in Mianyang city in 2009 and summarize the experience of measles control for eliminating measles disease in 2012.Methods:The epidemic characteristics of measles cases of Mianyang city from the surveillance system in 2009 were analyzed.Results:51 uncertain measles cases were reported in 2009,the incidence of measles was 0.96/100 000,the total cases and incidence of measles in 2009 were both lower than that in 2008.Most of the cases appeared from February to May and their age was mainly under 2 years old or over 15 years old.There not measles outbreaks in 2009.Conclusion:The inoculation rate for measles vaccination of less than 2 years is low,it is necessary to strengthen population immunization and eliminate blank immunization especially in planned immunization weak areas.The sensitivity of measles surveillance should be improved for discovering the uncertain measles cases timely and controlling the measles effectively.
Campus Infrastructure and Sustainable Resource Management Practices: Mapping Campus DNA for Human Resiliency

The Talloires Declaration (2015) on Sustainability, an action plan for sustainability leadership and environmental literacy, has nearly 500 signatory universities in 50 countries. Different sustainability frameworks assess practices (primarily ecological) in transportation, construction, energy, waste, food, water, and landscaping that impact university curricula, research, operations, outreach, assessment and reporting. Sustainable campuses must be conceptualized as complex nested systems with the human experience of the campus landscape at the core. Just as DNA is the language that enables resiliency of the human body system, the campus infrastructure and its sustainable resource management practices communicate and enable resiliency of everyday human experiences. Understanding the dynamic relationship between sustainable practices and core human experiences (e.g., learning and well-being) within a campus landscape helps decode the DNA of that campus and its potential for human resiliency. This paper highlights examples of interdisciplinary collaborations at a Talloires signatory university to explore links between the ecological and human dimensions of sustainability. Integrative conceptual frameworks, descriptive examples from curricular efforts, and analysis of student reflections demonstrate influences of campus ecological features on student experiences. Although challenging and complex, mapping campus DNA must include, and cannot ignore, core human experiences as universities develop future sustainable efforts.
Local heterogeneity in the mechanical properties of bicontinuous composites made by liquid metal dealloying

Bicontinuous composites made by liquid metal dealloying are excellent structural materials, with a unique combination of size-dependent strengthening and facile fabrication. However, due to the stochastic nature of dealloying, the local composition of individual ligaments can vary significantly and it is an open research question how this affects the bulk mechanical behavior. In this study, we use statistically significant nanoindentation to characterize the mechanical properties of individual phases in dealloyed bicontinuous composites. Through the analysis of several thousand indents, we correlate variances in the hardness and elastic modulus directly with the local microstructure and composition of the material.
Students’ Perspectives on Bullying

In this chapter, Ross and colleagues address bullying from the student point of view including that of the aggressor, victim, and bystander. They outline a functional perspective on bullying noting that incidents of bullying are commonly reinforced by peer attention. Ross and colleagues describe that bystanders may play a variety of roles in bullying incidents from henchmen who participate in bullying to active defenders who stand up against bullying. Regardless of their intention, all types of bystanders may reinforce bullying, sometimes by just their mere presence. This chapter emphasizes the importance of effective bystander intervention strategies that remove peer attention in bullying prevention.
De-theorizing in Order to Re-theorize Emergent Alignments: A Rumination

The current global age that took off in the 1980s has unsettled many of the major social, economic, and political meanings of the preceding Keynesian era in the West. My concern is particularly with the major categories we use in the social sciences—economy, polity, society, justice, inequality, state, globalization, and immigration. These are all powerful categories that explain much about the realities they represent. However, those realities have mutated. A first move in research is to posit that we need to discover what these major categories veil or obscure about our epoch precisely because they are powerful. In my own work I have sought to show that the national and the global are powerful categories that hide as much as they reveal about our current epoch, and so does their mutual exclusivity.
Blood Pressure Management in Hemodialysis Patients: What We Know And What Questions Remain

Despite having thousands of blood pressure (BP) readings on individual dialysis patients over the course of a year, our knowledge about the optimal assessment of BP, the mechanisms underlying hypertension and its management remain incomplete. Observational studies reveal that BP is lower at home than when measured in the dialysis unit. However, we do not know if using home vs. in-center measurements to guide treatment decisions improves BP control and/or clinical outcomes. Moreover, a recent US study suggests that typical hemodialysis patients are unlikely to adhere to home monitoring over the long term. Volume excess is one of probably many factors mediating hypertension in this population. A randomized clinical trial of aggressively challenging dry weight in patients without overt signs of fluid overload was shown to reduce BP, but there was an increase in vascular access thrombosis and intradialytic hypotension episodes. Long-term studies have not been done; thus, we do not know whether "squeezing dry weight" as a means to control BP is of more benefit than harm. Daily or prolonged nocturnal dialysis consistently has been shown to lower BP. To what extent this is a result of enhanced solute clearance vs. removal of excess volume is not clear. Use of bioimpedance or relative blood volume monitoring to guide fluid management has been tested in small studies, but more data are needed to determine whether their use impacts clinical outcomes. Well-designed clinical trials to determine whether a specific antihypertensive drug class is of benefit, independent of BP lowering, are lacking. The BP target that optimizes outcomes HD patients is also unknown. Observational studies consistently show poorer survival with predialysis BP <140/90 mmHg, although such studies likely are confounded by low BP due to cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities. In this review, we discuss what is known and the questions that remain regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, etiology, and management of hypertension in hemodialysis patients.
Recovery of Ammonia and Production of High-Grade Phosphates from Side-Stream Digester Effluents Using Gas-Permeable Membranes

Phosphorus recovery was combined with ammonia recovery using gas-permeable membranes. In a first step, the ammonia and alkalinity were removed from municipal side-stream wastewater using low-rate aeration and a gas-permeable membrane manifold. In a second step, the phosphorus was removed using magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and reduced amounts of alkali. The side-stream wastewater contained 730 mg N/L, 140 mg P/L and 2900 mg/L alkalinity. The process recovered approximately 79–93% of the ammonia and 80–100% of the phosphorus. Surprisingly, the phosphates produced were very-high grade (42–44% P2O5) with a composition similar to the bio-mineral newberyite. However, lower grade phosphate products (27–29% P2O5) were produced whenever the N recovery step was bypassed or carbonate alkalinity was added. Therefore, removal of ammonia and alkalinity are important considerations for production of very-high grade phosphate product.
Melanoma of Unknown Primary Presenting as a Single Back Mass

In this report, we present a case involving the discovery of metastatic melanoma within a mid-right back mass with the clinical presentation of an epidermoid cyst, but the histological qualities of a lymph node. A 43-year-old male presented with a 5 cm x 5 cm cyst-like mass on his mid-right back that had become painful over the last year and consequently underwent three surgical procedures. First, initial excision of the back mass and histological examination resulted in a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma without epidermal involvement. This was followed by re-excision of the back mass site and sentinel node excision, and finally, lymph node dissection of the right axilla. Of the lymph nodes examined, the sentinel node in the right axilla alone showed evidence of melanoma. The absence of a primary lesion or any histological evidence of regression in a presumed primary site resulted in a diagnosis of melanoma of unknown primary, or occult primary melanoma. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of an occult primary melanoma presenting as a single mass representing a lymph node in the back.
A Child's-Eye View: An Examination of Point-of-View Camera Use in Four Informal Education Settings

A point-of-view (POV) camera is a video recording device attached to the person of a research participant. The cameras collect observational data from the individual wearing them and those in close...
Electrochemical Reduction of a Spinel-Type Manganese Oxide Cathode in Aqueous Electrolytes with Ca2+ or Zn2+

In this report, the feasibility of reversible Ca2+ or Zn2+ intercalation into a crystalline cubic spinel Mn2O4 cathode has been investigated using electrochemical methods in an aqueous electrolyte....
On Failing to Capture some (or even all) of what is Communicated

This paper examines a methodological argument launched against Cappelen and Lepore’s “minimalist” semantics. The charge is that this semantic theory – and by implication a great many other ones – cannot be correct, because they fail to capture some of the “intuitive truth conditions” of the relevant sentences. In response, I argue that this charge rests on the claim that an acceptable scientific theory must (at least sometimes) capture all of the overt phenomena under study. But this claim, I contend, is false. In actual practice, scientific models will often never capture all of the behavior of the relevant phenomenon, and this feature does not undermine them as such. I maintain that semantic theorizing is just an instance of this more general aspect of scientific methodology.
Book Review The Data Revolution: Big Data, Open Data, Data Infrastructures & Their Consequences

Rob Kitchin’s The Data Revolution: Big Data, Open Data, Data Infrastructures and Their Consequences is a timely volume that knits together research and perspectives on the twenty-first century data deluge from multiple scholarly communities connected to CSCW. The book’s aim is threefold. First, to examine in detail and reflect upon the nature of data and the assemblages they are a part of. Second, to plot how data assemblages are Bshifting and mutating with the development of new data infrastructures, open data and big data.^ Third and finally, the volume offers an interrogation of the implications of these Bnew data assemblages with respect to how we make sense of and act in the world.^ Scholars new and old in CSCWwill benefit from Kitchin’s in-depth examination of the many facets of long-term and emerging research in data studies. Research in CSCW has long examined the sociotechnical work of infrastructuring through studies of scientific collaboration—e.g., cyberinfrastructure and eScience studies (cf. Jirotka, et al. 2006; Ribes and Lee 2010)—and in healthcare informatics, among other domains. The Data Revolution synthesizes this work while incorporating perspectives that may receive less immediate attention in this journal.
Deliberate Indiscretion: Why Bureaucratic Agencies are Differently Corrupt

The study of corruption has largely ignored the question of why it varies across bureaucratic agencies within the same state. Furthermore, corruption is often seen as an all-consuming pathology of certain sorts of regimes, but below I argue that a logical implication of most models of leadership survival is variation in how political leaders manage corruption in agencies. Therefore, answering this question is important not only to understanding corruption itself, but also reveals how corruption relates to other political phenomena.In this paper I briefly establish, using existing survey data, that within-state variation in agency corruption is significant relative to between-state variation: the least corrupt agency in a corrupt state can be less corrupt than the most corrupt agency in a state with significantly lower 'average' corruption. This suggests that focusing only on state-level average corruption potentially obscures important information about the phenomenon. I then posit two explanations for this finding drawn from the existing literature, and derive a novel one of my own. The first two are relatively obvious: agencies are set up to do different things (the sectoral explanation), and they are differently constrained (the structural explanation).My contribution is to explain how rent-maximizing political leaders exploit and react to these differences across agencies, keeping in mind that the opposition (within or outside the elite) has an incentive to discredit the leader by revealing as much corruption as possible. This begets a strategic interaction: the leader's decisions about which agencies to monitor and punish for corruption depend on what the opposition sees as its own best opportunities, and vice versa. This leads to empirical predictions about how sectoral and structural differences across agencies interact with the political battle between leader and opposition to generate different equilibrium levels of agency-specific corruption.Finally, I describe how I will test these implications using comprehensive data on the purchasing behavior of all federal agencies of the Russian government for 2011-2013, and offer preliminary evidence from this data.
Improved optical resonance in mid-infrared GaAs-based modulating retro-reflectors

In this work, we studied a mid-infrared modulating retro-reflector (MRR) design that is GaAs-based because of the flexibility to monolithically incorporate reflective optics along with quantum well modulator region. Using solid-source molecular beam epitaxy, we produced MRR devices, where the GaAs quantum well(s) in the modulator region contained AlxGa1-xAs barriers to tune the wavelength selectivity beyond three microns. The width of the quantum well was also adjusted in order to achieve free electron absorption within the confined energy subbands and modified by way of the quantum confined Stark effect. When the applied electric field varies in polarity, intensity, or frequency, the fabricated MRRs behave as an optional shutter--absorbing or transmitting the incident mid-infrared energy depending on the applied field. Our work shows that the ability for the modulating region to effectively act as a shutter for mid-infrared radiation depends on the number of cascading quantum wells, though increasing the number of wells directly increases the overall thickness of the modulating region and adversely affects the reflected power of the mid-infrared modulated beam. The shutter operation was achieved by applying an alternating square bias across the QWM region, and the speed at which the quantum wells switch from absorbing to non-absorbing was dependent on the physical size of the device. Increasing the physical size increases the associated device capacitance. The maximum achievable contrast ratio for these devices is calculated to be 1.6:1 for applied voltages between 12V and 25V. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mindfulness meditation in the treatment of substance use disorders and preventing future relapse: neurocognitive mechanisms and clinical implications

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a pervasive public health problem with deleterious consequences for individuals, families, and society. Furthermore, SUD intervention is complicated by the continuous possibility of relapse. Despite decades of research, SUD relapse rates remain high, underscoring the need for more effective treatments. Scientific findings indicate that SUDs are driven by dysregulation of neural processes underlying reward learning and executive functioning. Emerging evidence suggests that mindfulness training can target these neurocognitive mechanisms to produce significant therapeutic effects on SUDs and prevent relapse. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the cognitive, affective, and neural mechanisms underlying the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on SUDs. We discuss the etiology of addiction and neurocognitive processes related to the development and maintenance of SUDs. We then explore evidence supporting use of MBIs for intervening in SUDs and preventing relapse. Finally, we provide clinical recommendations about how these therapeutic mechanisms might be applied to intervening in SUDs and preventing relapse.
Utilization of Power Hardware-in-the-Loop to Study Power Conversion Topologies and Control in Distributed Generation Power Systems

Future isolated DC microgrids are looking to adopt a hybrid-electric, medium voltage DC, zonal topology for benefits in redundancy and reliability. In order to best design these extensive power systems, real-time compatible models of multi-pulse rectifiers converting 3-phase AC power from rotating machines to DC were developed. Developing models in the context of real-time simulation for power hardware-in-the-loop applications has inherent limitations. An initial limitation of linear models inaccurately predicting 3-phase power quality was observed in previous work and was further constrained by inherent modeling limitations within a real-time simulator. Transformer hysteresis was approximated with a proposed function that was optimized using an iterative gradient descent algorithm. Implementing the approximated nonlinear models resulted in a significant improvement in the model’s ability to predict the power quality seen in experimental data, and results in a valid Simulink-based rectifier model for real-time simulation over a large region of operation.
Blast phenotype and comutations in acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1 influence disease biology and outcome

Recent work has identified distinct molecular subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with implications for disease classification and prognosis. AML with mutated NPM1 (AML-NPM1) represents a distinct entity in the revised 2017 World Health Organization classification, but relatively little work has examined the clinical significance of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity within this group. A multi-institutional cohort of 239 AML-NPM1 cases included 3 phenotypic groups: cases with blasts showing monocytic differentiation (n = 93; monocytic AML-NPM1), cases lacking monocytic differentiation (n = 72; myeloid AML-NPM1), and cases where blasts were negative for both CD34 and HLA-DR (n = 74; double-negative [DN] AML-NPM1). Genotypic diversity typical of AML-NPM1 was seen, with comutations occurring most commonly in DNA methylation genes (81% of cases), FLT3 (48%; including internal tandem duplication and tyrosine kinase domain mutations), and RAS pathway genes (30%). However, the comutation pattern differed by blast phenotype. TET2 and IDH1/2 mutations were significantly more common in DN AML-NPM1 (96% of cases) than in myeloid (39%) or monocytic AML-NPM1 (48%; P < .0001). Conversely, DNMT3A mutations were significantly less common in DN AML-NPM1 (27%) than in myeloid (44%) or monocytic cases (54%; P = .002). Furthermore, the 3 phenotypic groups showed significant differences in outcome, with DN AML-NPM1 showing significantly longer relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (64.7 and 66.5 months, respectively) than monocytic AML-NPM1 (RFS, 20.6 months; OS, 44.3 months) or myeloid AML-NPM1 (RFS, 8.4 months; OS, 20.2 months; P < .0001 and P = .01 for RFS and OS, respectively). Our findings highlight biologic differences within immunophenotypically defined subgroups of NPM1-mutated AML that may impart prognostic significance.
Neuromedin U (NMU) regulates osteoblast differentiation and activity

Osteoporosis is a disease of low bone mass that places individuals at enhanced risk for fracture, disability, and death. Osteoporosis rates are expected to rise significantly in the coming decades yet there are limited pharmacological treatment options, particularly for long-term management of this chronic condition. The drug development pipeline is relatively bereft of new strategies, causing an urgent and unmet need for developing new strategies and targets for treating osteoporosis. Here, we examine a lesser-studied bone remodeling pathway, Neuromedin U (NMU), which is expressed in the bone microenvironment along with its cognate receptors NMU receptor 1 (NMUR1) and 2 (NMUR2). We independently corroborate a prior report that global loss of NMU expression leads to high bone mass and test the hypothesis that NMU negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation. Consistent with this, in vitro studies reveal NMU represses osteoblastic differentiation of osteogenic precursors but, in contrast, promotes osteoblastic marker expression, proliferation and activity of osteoblast-like cells. Phospho-profiling arrays were used to detail differential signaling outcomes that may underlie the opposite responses of these cell types. Collectively, our findings indicate that NMU exerts cell-type-specific responses to regulate osteoblast differentiation and activity.
Perturbation of BRMS1 interactome reveals pathways that impact cell migration

Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) expression has been associated with longer patient survival in multiple cancer types. Understanding BRMS1 at the protein level will provide insights into both mechanism of action and enhance potential therapeutic development. We previously mapped the C-terminus of BRMS1 as critical for metastasis suppression and hypothesized that critical protein interactions in this region will explain function. These studies indicate that phosphorylation status at S237 regulates BRMS1 interactions related to a variety of biological processes, phenotypes [cell cycle (e.g., CDKN2A), DNA repair (e.g., BRCA1)], and metastasis [(e.g., TCF2 and POLE2)]. Presence of the C-terminal site appears to be critical for BRMS1 directed metastasis suppression, as demonstrated by in vitro migration assays. These assays demonstrated that presence of S237 directly decreased MDA-MB-231 migration. This study furthers our understanding of BRMS1s molecular role, as it demonstrates that BRMS1 C-terminus is involved in direct protein-protein interactions. Several of the interacting proteins are associated with cancer and metastasis, which may result in metastasis suppression as suggested by in vitro findings. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=82 SRC="FIGDIR/small/429764v1_ufig3.gif" ALT="Figure 3"> View larger version (18K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17c0662org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18738cdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a222b1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@93cf50_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG Graphical Abstract Utilizing BRMS1 mutants to mimic-phosphorylation, this study demonstrates that S237-phosphorylation disrupts BRMS1 protein-protein interactions. The disruption includes both known Sin3/HDAC interactors as well as additionally previously unidentified Sin3-indepedent binding partners (indicated by increased opacity). It is revealed that BRMS1-phosphorylation status also more greatly inhibits cell migration (indicated by +) compared to the unphosphorylated state, suggesting that phosphorylation plays a role in BRMS1 metastatsis suppresion function, potentially though altered protein interactions. C_FIG
Dielectric Based Triangle-type AMC Structure for RCS Reduction at Mmwave Frequencies

In this paper triangle type checkerboard surface is presented to reduce radar cross section (RCS). The design is based on plannar dielectric non-absorptive artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs) working at mmwave. For the proposed surface −8 dB normalized RCS reduction is achieved from 59 GHz to 73 GHz. It is shown that the triangle type proposed structure redirects the scattered energy into several lobes, which means further RCS reduction. The angular stability of dielectric based triangle type checkerboard surface is also studied up to 40°, where reasonable results are obtained.
Solid Municipal Waste Management Through Social and Environmental Mapping

When considering environmental safety issues, much attention is paid to problems related to the management of solid municipal waste in courtyards and landfills. One of the most effective ways to reduce the environmental burden on the environment is to collect waste separately. The relevance of the research topic and the degree of its scientific development give rise to the formulation of a scientific problem as a contradiction between the need for waste management and lack of public awareness of the features of the separate collection system and its absence in residential areas. Solid municipal waste management is based on socio-ecological mapping, which provides an adequate reflection of the environmental situation. The authors have developed a map of equipped sites for separate waste collection on the example of the city of Kursk, which allows you to get information about garbage collection sites both for the city as a whole and for individual neighborhoods.
Infrared chemical imaging for histologic interpretation of renal tissue

Applications of machine learning in pathology is an active research area in modern medicine. Here, we presented a classifier for label-free renal histopathology. Three frequently encountered categories of monoclonal gammopathy-associated kidney disease were studied, which included light chain amyloidosis, monoclonal light chain disease deposition (MIDD) and myeloma cast nephropathy. Biopsies with diabetic nephropathy and normal baseline transplant biopsies were used as control. The samples are imaged using a FTIR hyperspectral microscope. More than three million infrared spectra are adopted for the training and evaluation of the computational model. The model recognizes the pixels associated with the glomerulus, and diagnoses the disease based on infrared absorption features.
Convergent Validity of Infant/Toddler Developmental Progress Monitoring Tools

Using progress monitoring data to make effective and timely decisions in early intervention (EI) requires high quality assessment. Infant/toddler individual growth and development indicators (I/T IGDIs) have been developed to be brief, reliable and engaging progress monitoring tools that are sensitive to change over short time periods (Greenwood et al. in J Early Interv 33:254–267, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815111428467 ). The current study examined the convergent validity of IGDIs in three developmental areas: the early communication indicator, early problem solving indicator (EPSI), and the early movement indicator (EMI), with standardized criterion measures. In addition, growth patterns in the current study of children receiving EI services were examined. One hundred twenty-three children along with their service provider practitioners (N = 50) participated in the study. Practitioners administered IGDIs with children on their regular caseloads; data were examined for comparison with criterion measures and growth patterns. Significant relationships were found between I/T IGDIs and corresponding domains on the Battelle Developmental Inventory-2nd edition and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-2nd edition. Linear and quadratic growth trajectory patterns from the current study resembled those of comparable samples from prior studies, where available. Results supported the convergent validity of these I/T IGDIs with established criterion measures. Growth trajectory patterns for key skills and total scores were similar to those in prior studies, where available, with a few exceptions. Growth trajectory patterns for the EPSI and EMI with children from EI programs were demonstrated for the first time and supported hypothesized patterns.
Variations of Conservative Backfilling to Improve Fairness

We apply recent variations of Conservative backfilling in an effort to improve scheduler fairness. These variations modify the compression operation while preserving the key property that jobs never move later in the profile. We assess the variations using two measures of job-level fairness. Each of the variations turns out to be better than Conservative according to one of the metrics.
Scientific Cognition: Hot or Cold?

Since the emergence of the “strong programme” in the sociology of science more than a decade ago, sociologists and philosophers of science have been at loggerheads.1 Whereas philosophers have traditionally attempted to explain developments in science using models of rationality, advocates of the strong programme claim that explanations of scientific change can be purely sociological, emphasizing the “interests” of scientists rather than evidential grounds for acquiring beliefs. My view is that the theories of scientific development offered by both sociologists and philosophers have been paltry, painting science with brush strokes far too broad to produce understanding of how science grows. In contrast, cognitive science, the alliance of artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and other fields, offers the possibility of developing much more detailed and powerful models of scientific change. I shall describe two computational models of inference, one in the traditional evidence-based philosophical mode, and one in the interest-based sociological mode. When such models are laid out in detail, it becomes an empirical question which model best fits particular cases in the history of science.
Why Not Jail?: Industrial Catastrophes, Corporate Malfeasance, and Government Inaction

The US Department of Justice is under fire for failing to prosecute banks that caused the 2008 economic meltdown because they are too big to jail. Prosecutors have long neglected to hold corporate executives accountable for chronic mistakes that kill and injure workers and customers. This book, the first of its kind, analyzes five industrial catastrophes that have killed or sickened consumers and workers or caused irrevocable harm to the environment. From the Texas City refinery explosion to the Upper Big Branch mine collapse, the root causes of these preventable disasters include crimes of commission and omission. Although federal prosecutors have made a start on holding low-level managers liable, far more aggressive prosecution is appropriate as a matter of law, policy, and justice. Written in accessible and jargon-free language, this book recommends innovative interpretations of existing laws to elevate the prosecution of white-collar crime at the federal and state levels.
Fast Prediction of HCCI Combustion with an Artificial Neural Network Linked to a Fluid Mechanics Code

We have developed an artificial neural network (ANN) based combustion model and have integrated it into a fluid mechanics code (KIVA3V) to produce a new analysis tool (titled KIVA3V-ANN) that can yield accurate HCCI predictions at very low computational cost. The neural network predicts ignition delay as a function of operating parameters (temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and residual gas fraction). KIVA3V-ANN keeps track of the time history of the ignition delay during the engine cycle to evaluate the ignition integral and predict ignition for each computational cell. After a cell ignites, chemistry becomes active, and a two-step chemical kinetic mechanism predicts composition and heat generation in the ignited cells. KIVA3V-ANN has been validated by comparison with isooctane HCCI experiments in two different engines. The neural network provides reasonable predictions for HCCI combustion and emissions that, although typically not as good as obtained with the more physically representative multi-zone model, are obtained at a much reduced computational cost. KIVA3V-ANN can perform reasonably accurate HCCI calculations while requiring only 10% more computational effort than a motored KIVA3V run. It is therefore considered a valuable tool for evaluation of engine maps or other performance analysis tasks requiring multiple individual runs.
Cameras at the Supreme Court: A Rhetorical Analysis

For many years, the Supreme Court has resisted cameras in its marble palace, the temple on the hill. In studying the reasons that the Justices give for refusing cameras at the Supreme Court, it becomes apparent that their resistance is more about maintaining mystique than about defensible concerns, such as security or legitimacy. In fact, cameras at the Supreme Court would help to alter Americans’ perceptions of the institution as a removed sort of aristocracy to a view of the Court as an integral part of democracy. Privacy and secrecy do not preserve public confidence in the Court, but may actually diminish it. The public’s interest in seeing its government at work outweighs any interests the Justices may have in preserving the Court’s mystique. This article conducts a rhetorical analysis of the Court’s story of majesty and disengagement from the public – one similar to that of the Oracle at Delphi – and suggests how cameras would transform that story to one in which the Justices are human and fallible but committed to the rule of law as a cornerstone of a constitutional democracy.
Localized regulatory frequencies of human skin temperature derived from the analysis of series of infrared images

The physiological function of human skin in body temperature regulation is reviewed, and methods for measuring skin temperature are described. Different ways to extract diagnostic data from thermal images, focusing on dynamic studies that provide valuable information on the physiological and pathological functions of the autonomous nervous system, are presented. Using fast-Fourier-transform analysis, the frequencies of the different regulatory processes and their relative contributions to the overall temperature oscillations can be determined and used to assess the physiology and pathophysiology of the sympathetic nervous system. Preliminary studies have shown that one can distinguish between local and central processes by the spatial distribution of regulatory frequencies over a region of interest, such as the human back, by mild local cooling or by the effect of sleep on local thermal regulation. >
Mammalian Par3 Regulates Progenitor Cell Asymmetric Division via Notch Signaling in the Developing Neocortex

Asymmetric cell division of radial glial progenitors produces neurons while allowing self-renewal; however, little is known about the mechanism that generates asymmetry in daughter cell fate specification. Here, we found that mammalian partition defective protein 3 (mPar3), a key cell polarity determinant, exhibits dynamic distribution in radial glial progenitors. While it is enriched at the lateral membrane domain in the ventricular endfeet during interphase, mPar3 becomes dispersed and shows asymmetric localization as cell cycle progresses. Either removal or ectopic expression of mPar3 prevents radial glial progenitors from dividing asymmetrically yet generates different outcomes in daughter cell fate specification. Furthermore, the expression level of mPar3 affects Notch signaling, and manipulations of Notch signaling or Numb expression suppress mPar3 regulation of radial glial cell division and daughter cell fate specification. These results reveal a critical molecular pathway underlying asymmetric cell division of radial glial progenitors in the mammalian neocortex.
Ultrafast UV-Laser Induced Oxidation of Silicon

A new low temperature method of forming high quality patterned silicon dioxide (SiO2) layers up to a thickness of 1 μm on silicon substrates is presented. UV pulsed laser excitation in an oxygen environment is utilized. IR absorption spectroscopy, CV and IV measurements are employed to characterize the oxide films and the Si-SiO2 interface. No shift but a significant broadening of the Si-O stretching mode compared with thermally grown oxides is found indicating that the laser grown oxide is stoichiometric but with a higher degree of disorder. From CV measurements we deduce a fixed oxide charge near the Si-SiO2 interface of 6 × 1010/cm2 for oxides that have been thermally annealed in O2 following the laser induced growth making this material a candidate for applications in semiconductor devices.
Temporal comparative analysis of computed tomography with ultrasound for intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants

This study focuses on comparison of computed tomography and ultrasound in premature infants with intracranial hemorrhage and its complications. It was determined that close correlation (95%) exists between CT and ultrasound for evaluation of ventriculomegaly. Although there is reasonable correlation for the identification and localization of periventricular, intraventricular and choroidal hemorrhages, ultrasound defined such lesions at higher rates. Subarachnoid blood and periventricular edema were diagnosed better or exclusively by CT.
Automorphism of orthogonal groups in characteristic 2

Abstract Let V be a nondefective quadratic space over a field F of characteristic 2. Assume that V has dimension at least ten and that F has more than two elements. Let Δ be one of the groups O ( V ), O + ( V ), O ′( V ), or Ω(V) (the full orthogonal group, the rotation group, the spinorial kernel, or the commutator subgroup of O ( V ), respectively). Then Λ is an automorphism of Λ if and only if Λ ( σ ) = gσg −1 for all σ in Δ where g is a semilinear automorphism of V that preserves the quadratic structure of V in the sense that Q ( gx ) = αQ ( x ) u for all x in V where Q is the quadratic form, α is some nonzero element of F , and u is the field automorphism of F associated to g .
Alcohol, Beer, and Lung Cancer in Postmenopausal Women The Iowa Women's Health Study

Abstract There are data to suggest a relationship between alcohol consumption, particularly beer, and lung cancer. This hypothesis was tested on data from a cohort of 41,837 Iowa women aged 55 to 69 years. Women were recruited by mail and provided information on alcohol and tobacco use, physical activity, and education. Compared to a randomly selected group of women without lung cancer (n= 1900), those with lung cancer (n = 109) consumed more alcohol (measured on the Willett food frequency questionnaire) (10.2 versus 3.6 g/d; P = 0.001). The difference was accounted for largely by differences in beer consumption (3.5 versus 0.6 glass/wk; P = 0.003). Liquor consumption by patients was about double that by control subjects (1. 7 versus 0. 8 glass/ wk; P = 0.063). Wine consumption was low and did not differ between those with and those without lung cancer. The relationship between beer consumption and lung cancer risk appeared U-shaped. After adjusting for the other variables (includingsix categories of pack-years of smoking), beer consumption remained a significant predictor of lung cancer risk. Those drinking 1 or more beers per week had an odds ratio of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 3.80) compared with those consuming less than 1 glass per week. There was no evidence of interaction with smoking. The association of beer with lung cancer does not appear to be explained solely by confounding with cigarette smoking, although that remains by far the single strongest predictor of risk.
Thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) in the management of aortic arch pathology.

Background Conventional repair of aortic arch pathology is associated with significant mortality and stroke rates of 6-20% and 12%, respectively. Because endografting has excellent results for descending thoracic aortic disease, extension of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) to the arch is a consideration. Methods Records of patients with aortic arch pathology treated with TEVAR were reviewed. Branch vessels were (1) covered without revascularization, (2) surgically bypassed, (3) stented, or (4) fenestrated. Technical success was defined both by accurate endograft deployment with disease exclusion and by target vessel revascularization. Patient postoperative outcomes, complications, and follow-up are reported. Results Between March 2006 and January 2010, 58 patients with arch pathology were treated with TEVAR. Indications included aneurysm (n = 19, 32.8%), dissection (type A: n = 3, 5.2%; type B: n = 18, 31.0%), transection (n = 8, 13.8%), pseudoaneurysm (n = 6, 10.3%), or other (n = 4, 6.9%). Pathology was zone 0 (n = 1, 1.7%), zone 1 (n = 10, 17.2%), zone 2 (n = 45, 77.6%), or zone 3 (n = 2, 3.4%). Interventions were emergent in 44.8% and elective in 55.2%. The left subclavian (LSA) was covered in all and revascularized (n = 23, 39.7%) via bypass (n = 13, 22.4%), stenting (n = 4, 6.9%), or fenestration (n = 6, 10.3%). The carotid was revascularized (n = 11, 19.0%) with bypass (n = 7, 12.1%) or stenting (n = 4, 6.9%). One patient (1.7%) underwent innominate revascularization with a homemade branched endograft. Technical success was 100% for endograft deployment and 97.1% for revascularization. Thirty-day mortality was 3.4% (2 of 58). ICU and hospital stays were 5.8 ± 6.8 (range: 0-34; median 4) and 10.9 ± 8.0 (range: 1-40; median: 9) days, respectively. Morbidities included renal failure (n = 3, 5.2%), respiratory (n = 2, 3.4%), myocardial infarction (n = 1, 1.7%), stroke (n = 6, 10.3%), and spinal cord ischemia (SCI) (n = 2, 3.4%). SCI (p Conclusions TEVAR can effectively treat aortic arch pathology in high-risk patients with low morbidity and mortality. TEVAR and branch vessel revascularization techniques may be extended to the more proximal arch without increased complications compared with patients with subclavian only involvement. Stroke remains the most significant drawback of arch interventions. Indications for intervention, graft selection, and revascularization choices may all affect outcome. LSA sacrifice is associated with increased SCI and may predispose left-handed patients to symptomatic weakness.