cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The static and dynamic physical fitness of adolescents

Summary 1. Data obtained from initial medical examinations given a group of 910 preparatory school students are offered to support the opinion that careful medical examinations should be given members of this age group. The desirability of correcting as many defects as possible is emphasized, and the importance of making the individual cognizant of any defects which may affect his choice of career is indicated. 2. The value of determining an individual's functional or dynamicfitness in addition to making observations of him at rest is discussed, and the utilization of this information in evaluating and apportioning physical education programs and in managing convalescents is outlined. 3. Tests for evaluating physical fitness, based on the ability of the individual's cardiovascular and respiratory systems to perform and recover from brief, strenuous work, are described.
Pc-Based Floating Point Imaging Workstation

The medical, military, scientific and industrial communities have come to rely on imaging and computer graphics for solutions to many types of problems. Systems based on imaging technology are used to acquire and process images, and analyze and extract data from images that would otherwise be of little use. Images can be transformed and enhanced to reveal detail and meaning that would go undetected without imaging techniques. The success of imaging has increased the demand for faster and less expensive imaging systems and as these systems become available, more and more applications are discovered and more demands are made. From the designer's perspective the challenge to meet these demands forces him to attack the problem of imaging from a different perspective. The computing demands of imaging algorithms must be balanced against the desire for affordability and flexibility. Systems must be flexible and easy to use, ready for current applications but at the same time anticipating new, unthought of uses. Here at the University of Washington Image Processing Systems Lab (IPSL) we are focusing our attention on imaging and graphics systems that implement imaging algorithms for use in an interactive environment. We have developed a PC-based imaging workstation with the goal to provide powerful and flexible, floating point processing capabilities, along with graphics functions in an affordable package suitable for diverse environments and many applications.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Oxidative Stress and the HIV-Infected Brain Proteome

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is capable of infiltrating the brain and infecting brain cells. In the years following HIV infection, patients show signs of various levels of neurocognitive problems termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of HIV-dementia, which is the most severe form of HAND, the milder forms have become more prevalent today due to the increased life expectancy of infected individuals. Pre-HAART era markers such as HIV RNA level, CD4+ count, TNF-α, MCP-1 and M-CSF are not able to clearly distinguish mild from advanced HAND. One promising approach for new biomarker discovery is the identification and quantitation of proteins that are post-translationally modified by oxidative and nitrosative species. The occurrence of oxidative and nitrosative stress in HIV-infected brain, both through the early direct and indirect effects of viral proteins and through the later effect on mitochondrial integrity during apoptosis, is well-established. This review will focus on how the reactive species are produced in the brain after HIV infection, the specific oxidative and nitrosative species that are involved in the post-translational modification of the brain proteome, and the methods that are currently used for the detection of such modified proteins. This review also provides an overview of related research pertaining to oxidative stress-related HAND using cerebrospinal fluid and human brain tissue.
Self-uncertainty, social identity prominence and group identification

Abstract Drawing on uncertainty-identity theory (Hogg, 2007) and referring to the concept of social identity complexity, we conducted two experiments to test the hypothesis that people would identify most strongly with their group if they felt both self-uncertain and that their group's identity was prominent relative to other identities, either because it was distinct from other identities or because they had few other identities. Self-uncertainty was primed in both experiments after participants had been primed to consider their group's attributes to overlap with or be distinct from the attributes of other identities of theirs (Experiment 1, N = 90) or to consider few or multiple other identities they had (Experiment 2, N = 87). As predicted, group identification was strongest under high uncertainty and when identity distinctiveness or few other identities had been primed. Implications of this research for how we conceptualize identity complexity are discussed.
Transition-metal ethene bonds: Thermochemistry of M+(C2H4)(n) (M = Ti-Cu, n = 1 and 2) complexes

Complexes of the first-row transition-metal cations (Ti+−Cu+) with one and two ethene molecules are studied by guided ion beam mass spectrometry. Thermalized complexes are formed in a flow tube source and examined by energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation with Xe. The energy dependence of the CID cross sections is analyzed with consideration of multiple collisions, internal energy of the reactants, and lifetime effects. First, D0(M+−C2H4), and second, D0(C2H4M+−C2H4), adiabatic metal ion ethene bond energies, in eV, obtained in this study are 1.51 ± 0.11 for Ti (first bond only), 1.29 ± 0.08 and 1.32 ± 0.14 for V, 0.99 ± 0.11 and 1.12 ± 0.11 for Cr, 0.94 ± 0.12 and 0.91 ± 0.15 for Mn, 1.50 ± 0.11 and 1.57 ± 0.16 for Fe, 1.93 ± 0.09 and 1.58 ± 0.14 for Co, 1.89 ± 0.11 and 1.79 ± 0.15 for Ni, and 1.82 ± 0.14 and 1.80 ± 0.13 for Cu, respectively. These values include corrections for diabatic dissociation in the cases of Fe+(C2H4) and Mn+(C2H4)2, a point that is discussed in detail. Previous work obta...
Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis.

A 65-year-old woman with osteoarthritis of the right knee seeks advice regarding minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty. Joint-replacement surgery is appropriate for patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms and functional limitation despite conservative therapy. The minimally invasive technique reduces postoperative pain and accelerates recovery but requires a surgeon with specific expertise and experience.
Relation of Time of Day of Artificial Insemination to Fertility and Hatchability of Hens’ Eggs

Abstract SINCE artificial insemination, as a method of fertilizing hens’ eggs, is being used by many research workers and some poultry breeders, the relation of time of day of insemination to fertility and hatchability of eggs should be of interest. Moore and Byerly (1942) showed that the percentage of fertile eggs laid when hens were inseminated while a hard-shell egg was in the uterus was lower than when inseminations were accomplished with hens that had just laid or with hens that had no egg in the oviduct. Results of their studies suggest that for highest fertility, hens should not be inseminated in the early part of the day, since at that time a large percentage of them would have a hard-shell egg in the oviduct. Gracewski and Scott (1943) observed that under natural mating conditions fertility was increased when males were permitted to run in the breeding pen only during the . . .
3D imaging and modeling of the middle and inner ear

The bones of the middle ear are the smallest bones in the body and are among the most complicated functionally. They are located within the temporal bone - rendering them difficult to access and study. An accurate 3D model can offer an excellent illustration of the complex spatial relationships between the ossicles and the nerves and muscles with which they intertwine. The overall objective was to create an educational module for learning the anatomy of the outer, middle and inner ear from MRI data. Such a teaching tool will provide surgeons, radiologists and audiologists with a detailed self-guided tour of ear anatomy. MRI images of the auditory canal were acquired using a 9 Tesla MR scanner. The acquired images were reformatted along obliquely oriented axes to obtain the desired orientation relative to anatomical planes. An automated segmentation algorithm was applied to the MRI data to separate the cochlea, auditory nerve and semi-circular canals in the inner ear. Semi-automated segmentation was used to separate the middle ear bones. This was necessary in order to detach the malleus from the incus and the tympanic membrane from the malleus, as the boundaries between these structures were not sufficiently distinct in the data. Each structure became an independent object to facilitate its interactive manipulation. Different angles of view of the 3D structures were rendered illustrating the anatomic pathway starting at the tympanic membrane, through the middle ear bones, to the semi-circular canals, cochlea and auditory nerve in the inner ear.
Repressors: What Do They Repress and How Do They Repress It?

Abstract This study examined the types of experiences that repressors repress and one mechanism that they use for doing so. Subjects were first asked to indicate whether they could recall experiencing each of 48 different (positive and negative) emotions. The experiences recalled by repressors were significantly more positive than those recalled by nonrepressors. This indicates that repressors have relatively poor memory for negative emotional experiences but relatively good memory for positive emotional experiences. Subjects were then given a surprise memory test for the words used to elicit the recall of these experiences. Repressors (relative to nonrepressors) recalled a significantly smaller proportion of negative words that had not elicited the recall of an experience. This suggests that repressors tried less hard to recall experiences associated with these words; thus, repression may involve lowered effort in recalling past negative emotional experiences.
Comparisons between Murine Polyomavirus and Simian Virus 40 Show Significant Differences in Small T Antigen Function

Although members of a virus family produce similar gene products, those products may have quite different functions. Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (LT), for example, targets p53 directly, but murine polyomavirus LT does not. SV40 small T antigen (SVST) has received considerable attention because of its ability to contribute to transformation of human cells. Here, we show that there are major differences between SVST and polyomavirus small T antigen (POLST) in their effects on differentiation, transformation, and cell survival. Both SVST and POLST induce cell cycle progression. However, POLST also inhibits differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C2C12 myoblasts. Additionally, POLST induces apoptosis of mouse embryo fibroblasts. SVST reduces the proapoptotic transcriptional activity of FOXO1 through phosphorylation. On the other hand, SVST complements large T antigen and Ras for the transformation of human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), but POLST does not. Mechanistically, the differences between SVST and POLST may lie in utilization of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). POLST binds both Aα and Aβ scaffolding subunits of PP2A while SVST binds only Aα. Knockdown of Aβ could mimic POLST-induced apoptosis. The two small T antigens can target different proteins for dephosphorylation. POLST binds and dephosphorylates substrates, such as lipins, that SVST does not.
fMRI Study of Cognitive Interference Processing in Females with Fragile X Syndrome

Females with fragile X syndrome, the most common form of inherited developmental and learning problems, are known to be impaired in executive function. The current study is the first to investigate the performance of females with fragile X on a cognitive interference task utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fourteen females with fragile X and 14 age-matched healthy controls were imaged while they performed a counting Stroop interference task. Compared to controls, females with fragile X appeared to have longer reaction times during the interference condition of the task, and adopted a strategy trading speed for accuracy. Females with fragile X also had a significantly different pattern of activation than controls. Whereas controls showed significant activation in the inferior/middle frontal gyrus and inferior/superior parietal lobe, females with fragile X showed more extensive activation in the anterior region of the prefrontal cortex, and failed to show expected activation in the inferior/superior parietal lobe. Further, between-group analyses revealed that females with fragile X had reduced activation in the left orbitofrontal gyrus, thought to be involved in modulating goal-directed behavior. Females with fragile X also demonstrated a markedly different pattern of deactivation from controls. These findings suggest that deficits in cognitive interference processing during the counting Stroop task observed in females with fragile X may arise from inability to appropriately recruit and modulate lateral prefrontal and parietal resources.
Frequency-temperature analysis of MEMS AT-cut quartz resonators

An analytical study of the frequency-temperature behavior of MEMS AT-cut quartz resonator structures was performed. The piezoelectric, Lagrangian equations for the frequency-temperature behavior of quartz were employed. Two types of resonator structures were studied: A 1 GHz rectangular plate with rectangular electrodes and a 1 GHz rectangular ring electrode mesa (REM) plate. For MEMS resonators, the REM design confers certain advantages in attaining higher resonant frequencies and lower electrode noise.
Analysis of competition in soil among 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria

Abstract Competition among indigenous and inoculated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria was studied in a native Kansas prairie soil following 2,4-D additions. The soil was inoculated with four different 2,4-D-degrading strains at densities of 10(3) cells per g of soil; the organisms used were Pseudomonas cepacia DBO1(pJP4) and three Michigan soil isolates, strain 745, Sphingomonas paucimobilis 1443, and Pseudomonas pickettii 712. Following 2,4-D additions, total soil DNA was extracted and analyzed on Southern blots by using a tfdA gene probe which detected three of the strains and another probe that detected the fourth strain, S. paucimobilis 1443, which belongs to a different class of 2,4-D degraders. P. cepacia DBO1(pJP4), a constructed strain, outcompeted the other added strains and the indigenous 2,4-D-degrading populations. The S. paucimobilis population was the secondary dominant population, and strain 745 and P. pickettii were not detected. Relative fitness coefficients determined in axenic broth cultures predicted the outcome of competition in soil for some but not all strains. Lag time was shown to be a principal determinant of competitiveness among the strains, but the lag times were significantly reduced in mixed broth cultures, which changed the competitive outcome. Plasmids containing the genes for the 2,4-D pathway were important determinants of competitiveness since plasmid pKA4 in P. cepacia DBO1 resulted in the slower growth characteristic of its original host, P. pickettii, rather than the rapid growth observed when this strain harbors pJP4.
Herpes Zoster Vaccine and the Incidence of Recurrent Herpes Zoster in an Immunocompetent Elderly Population

Background The benefit of vaccinating immunocompetent patients who have had shingles has not been examined. The study assessed the association between vaccination and the incidence of herpes zoster recurrence among persons with a recent episode of clinically diagnosed herpes zoster. Methods This is a matched cohort study in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Study populations were immunocompetent elderly individuals ≥ 60 years old with a recent episode of herpes zoster. Incidence of recurrent herpes zoster was compared between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated matched cohorts. Results A total of 1036 vaccinated and 5180 unvaccinated members were included. On the basis of clinically confirmed cases, the incidence of recurrent herpes zoster among persons aged Conclusions The risk of herpes zoster recurrence following a recent initial episode is fairly low among immunocompetent adults, regardless of vaccination status. Such a low risk suggests that one should evaluate the necessity of immediately vaccinating immunocompetent patients who had a recent herpes zoster episode.
The effect of shear tractions on frictionally-excited thermoelastic instability

A parametric study is conducted to determine the effect of normal displacements due to shear tractions on the critical speed for frictionally-excited thermoelastic instability. The results show that shear effects can be very significant when the materials have comparable thermal properties and their neglect can lead to a non-conservative overestimate of critical speed. ft is also found that the common approximation of one material as a non~nductor typically underestimates the critical speed by an order of magnitude if the ratio of the two material conductivities is greater than 0.005,
Engagement and experience with cancer-related follow-up care among young adult survivors of childhood cancer after transfer to adult care.

Purpose Young adult survivors (YAS) of childhood cancer require annual adult-focused, cancer-related follow-up given their risk for late effects of treatment. This study describes perception of and engagement with adult-focused, cancer-related follow-up care and general health care among YAS formally transferred to adult care from pediatric survivorship care.
Update on multi-center clinical trials in the United States

This article reviews numerous multi-center clinical trials, either ongoing or in planning stages, which involve diverse clinical applications and emerging technologies in apheresis and transfusion medicine. The investigations summarized herein involve the following specific areas: platelet dosing strategy, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, inflammatory bowel disease, seven-day platelet storage, dendritic cell vaccines, and age-related macular degeneration.
A simulator for real-time parallel processing architectures

A time-driven, flit-based, wormhole-routed, parallel processor network simulator has been designed in C with a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). To accommodate the unique requirements of real-time networks, the simulator is based on prioritized queues supporting various resource allocation policies. In the simulator, special care is taken to prevent various possible kinds of overlaps (in time) and deadlocks. As a consequence of real-time systems, all messages are associated with priorities and every virtual channel is associated with the priority of the message it stores. The simulator contains a simple test for the convergence of the average latency, and the throughput is always monitored to verify that it converges to the applied load. A candidate network function is accurately defined and this characterization is detailed enough to be simulated. The simulator is used to evaluate a set of communication characteristics that are deemed desirable for real-time parallel processors with respect to performance. >
Periodontal disease among indigenous people in the Amazon rain forest.

Background: People are not all equally susceptible to periodontitis. To understand the epidemiology and natural history of this disease, it is important to study populations with varying genetic backgrounds and environmental exposures. Aim: Characterize the periodontal condition of a sample of indigenous adults in a remote region of the Amazon rain forest and determine the association of periodontal disease with various demographic, behavioral and environmental factors. Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation of 244 subjects aged 20–70 years was conducted. Pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque and calculus were assessed for the Ramfjord index teeth. Results: These people had high levels of plaque, calculus and BOP. The mean PD was rather shallow (2.45 mm in 20–29 year-olds to 2.73 mm in 50+ year-olds) and did not increase significantly with age. Mean CAL (0.57 mm in 20–29 year-olds and 2.26 mm in 50+ year-olds) and mean location of the free gingival margin in relation to the cemento-enamel junction changed significantly with age (p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age, bleeding on probing and calculus scores were positively associated with mean CAL (p<0.01). Sex, ethnicity, level of modern acculturation, use of coca or tobacco paste, frequency of dental visits and plaque were not associated with mean CAL. Conclusions: Periodontal disease in these people was mainly associated with gingival recession rather than deep pockets. Most people had clinical attachment loss but despite poor oral hygiene and extensive gingival inflammation, they did not have very severe periodontal destruction.
METHOTREXATE USE IN SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS

Although GS and CYC have been important agents in improving the outcome and survival of patients with systemic vasculitis, they carry their own risk of drug-induced morbidity and mortality. It has also become apparent that these medications are not the final answer in disease management because some forms of vasculitis have the potential to relapse or be treatment resistant. For these reasons, the pursuit of effective, less toxic therapeutic alternatives is critical. Initial results from the use of MTX in systemic vasculitis have been encouraging. Although drug-related toxicity and disease relapse have still been found to occur, MTX appears to be a valuable addition in the treatment of vasculitis. Further studies will be necessary to determine the optimal way that this agent may be used to safely and effectively manage vasculitic disease.
A New Method to Test the Effectiveness of Sunscreen Ingredients in a Novel Nano‐surface Skin Cell Mimic

Photophysical properties of sunscreens are commonly studied in solvent media, which do not mimic the skin, or in complex artificial skin systems, which are difficult to handle. In an earlier study, we showed that polystyrene nanosphere suspensions mimic the mixed polarity environment of skin cell systems. This paper presents a new method to quantify the effectiveness of sunscreens in the polystyrene nanosphere environment. This method utilizes the intrinsic UV-B fluorescence of polystyrene nanospheres. We studied three UV-B sunscreens by this new method and compared their extinction coefficients with observed values in solvent. The values follow the trend observed in solvents, but the ratio of their extinction coefficient in solvent to the value obtained by this new method is 1.3-1.8 instead of 1. This difference might be caused by the mixed polarity or the microgeometry of the nanosphere system. Regardless of the difference in the extinction coefficients, this new system can be used to test hundreds of chemicals for their sunscreening potential in a cost-effective way. One marked advantage of this new method is its ability to test both hydrophobic and hydrophilic sunscreening chemicals in the same environment. This is virtually impossible for current solvent-based models, which require different solvents for hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemicals. The new method also allows the simultaneous evaluation of a host of photophysical properties of sunscreening chemicals.
Development of highly-active and stable Pt/C catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells under simulated start-up/shut-down cycling

Abstract Activated carbon composite support (ACCS) is synthesized using a novel methodology developed at University of South Carolina (USC). The ACCS shows good thermal stability similar to that of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Pt/ACCS catalyst shows excellent support stability under simulated start-up/shut-down operating conditions (1.0–1.5 V, 5000 cycles). The Pt/ACCS shows a maximum power density of 722 mW cm −2 while commercial Pt/C and Pt/290G catalysts show 495 and 530 mW cm −2 , respectively. Furthermore, Pt/ACCS shows no loss of mass activity and maximum power density after 5000 cycles at 1.0–1.5 V. The commercial Pt/C and Pt/290G catalysts show drastic mass activity losses (57.5% and 66.2%, respectively) and maximum power density losses (88.7% and 84.0%, respectively). The good activity and excellent stability of Pt/ACCS catalyst are attributed to the higher degree of graphitization and enhanced hydrophobicity of ACCS. For the first time, we report a carbon-based support which is stable under simulated start-up/shut-down operating conditions.
The Costimulatory Molecule ICOS Regulates Host Th1 and Follicular Th Cell Differentiation in Response to Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS Infection

Blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS infection requires cell- and Ab-mediated immunity to control acute and persistent infection, respectively. ICOS regulates CD4+ T cell activation and promotes the induction of follicular Th (TFH) cells, CD4+ T cells that support B cell affinity maturation within germinal centers (GCs), resulting in the production of high-affinity Abs. In this article, we demonstrate that, in response to P. c. chabaudi AS infection, the absence of ICOS resulted in an enhanced Th1 immune response that reduced peak parasitemia. Despite the absence of ICOS, CD4+ T cells were capable of expressing PD-1, B cell lymphoma 6, and CXCR5 during early infection, indicating TFH development was not impaired. However, by day 21 postinfection, Icos−/− mice accumulated fewer splenic TFHs compared with Icos+/+ mice, leading to substantially fewer GC B cells and a decrease in affinity, but not production, of parasite-specific isotype-switched Abs. Moreover, treatment of mice with anti–ICOS ligand Abs to modulate ICOS–ICOS ligand signaling revealed a requirement for ICOS in TFH differentiation only after day 6 postinfection. Ultimately, the quality and quantity of isotype-switched Abs produced in Icos−/− mice declined over time, resulting in impaired control of persistent parasitemia. Collectively, these data suggest ICOS is not required for TFH induction during P. c. chabaudi AS infection or production of isotype-switched Abs, but it is necessary for maintenance of a sustained high-affinity, protective Ab response.
Spirituality, quality of life, and locus of control in a palliative care setting

18529 Background: A patient’s spirituality/religious beliefs have a profound role on how one copes with disease & on quality of life (QOL). Perceptions of control play an important role in coping n...
Pharmacologic Management of Epilepsy in the Elderly

Objective To review the epidemiology and pharmacologic management of epilepsy in elderly patients. Data Sources Controlled trials, case studies, and review articles identified via MEDLINE using the search terms epilepsy, seizures, elderly, phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, felbamate, gabapentin, lam o trig in e, topiramate, tiagabine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and zonisamide. Recently published standard textbooks on epilepsy were also consulted. Data Synthesis Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder in the elderly. Cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases are the most common causes of new-onset seizures in these patients. Alterations in protein binding, distribution, elimination, and increased sensitivity to the pharmacodynamic effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are relatively frequent, and these factors should be assessed at the initiation, and during adjustment, of treatment. Drug-drug interactions are also an important issue in elderly patients, because multiple drug use is common and AEDs are susceptible to many interactions. In addition to understanding age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AEDs, clinicians should know the common seizure types in the elderly and the spectrum of AED activity for these seizure types. AEDs with activity against both partial-onset and generalized seizures include felbamate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, topiramate, valproic acid, and zonisamide. Other AEDs discussed in this review (carbamazepine, gabapentin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and tiagabine) are most useful for partial-onset seizures. Conclusion The provision of safe and effective drug therapy to elderly patients requires an understanding of the unique age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AEDs as well as an appreciation of common seizure types and the drugs that are effective for the specific types seen in the elderly.
THE KINETIC SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE.

Measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity of the plasma have established the importance of this enzyme assay in the diagnosis of a variety of diseases. Increased activity of serum alkaline phosphatase has been observed in bone disease, biliary obstruction, and renal disease. A variety of methods involving a number of substrates is available for the assay of alkaline phosphatase. '" The Bessey, Lowry, and Brock procedure has been adapted for kinetic measurements in a recording spectrophotometer and compared with the Shinowara, .Tones, and Reinhart procedure. Kinetic measurements permit more rapid and accurate determination of alkaline phosphatase activity.
Stable Isotope Cosmochemistry and the Evolution of Planetary Systems

Stable isotopes record the evolution of planetary systems, beginning with stars coalescing from molecular clouds, followed by the nucleosynthesis of elements in stars, and proceeding to the accretion and differentiation of planets. Current stable isotope measurements range in scale from isotopic mapping of the Milky Way Galaxy with spectrographs on telescopes to the analysis of stardust with ion probes.
Blood flow suspension in tapered stenosed arteries for Walter's B fluid model

Scrutiny of blood flow in tapered stenosed arteries for Walter's B fluid model.The MHD 2-dimenssional flow of blood fluid is present.Perturbation solutions are obtained for coupled ordinary differential equations.Graphical results are obtained for each physical parameter.First article in peristaltic literature to discuss this model. Background and objectivesIn the present article, I have studied the blood flow of a Walter's B fluid through a tapered artery with a stenosis. The problem is modeled in cylindrical coordinates system. Methods results conclusionsThe analytical solutions have been carried out using regular perturbation method by taking α as perturbation parameter. The expressions for velocity, resistance impedance, wall shear stress and shearing stress at the stenosis throat have been evaluated. The graphical results of different types of tapered arteries (i.e. converging tapering, diverging tapering, non-tapered artery) have been examined for different parameters of interest.
Included Middles and the Trope of the Absent Insight

Ideas of Order in the Novels of Thomas Pynchon. By Molly Hite. Columbus: Ohio state Univ. Press, 1983. 183 pp. $17.50.
Perturbation Methods for Real-Time In Situ Evaluation of Hot-Side Thermal Resistances in Thermoelectric Energy Recovery Systems

Thermoelectric (TE) power systems in high-temperature industrial, transportation, and military energy systems require high-performance hot-side and cold-side heat transfer to provide the critical temperature differential and transfer the required thermal energy to create the power output. Hot- and cold-side heat transfer performance is typically characterized by the hot-side and cold-side thermal resistance, Rh,th and Rc,th, respectively. This heat transfer performance determines the hot-side temperature, Th, and cold-side temperature, Tc, conditions when operating in energy recovery environments with available temperature differentials characterized by an external driving temperature, Tsrc, and ambient temperature, Tamb. It is crucial to monitor and track the hot-side thermal performance at all times during TE energy recovery system operation, thereby allowing one to track the system “health,” predict future expected system performance, and anticipate/prevent system failures. This paper describes the use of a perturbation methodology and a direct coupling between the TE current, voltage, and hot-side energy flow to extract a real-time in situ evaluation of hot-side thermal resistances. External measurable TE parameters, either system current or Tsrc, can be perturbed during system operation, and the resulting TE system response can then be coupled mathematically to the hot-side thermal transfer performance (i.e., thermal resistance). This paper discusses the mathematical formalism of this technique, and TE module experimental data showing successful application of real-time current perturbation. This technique provides a pathway for developing faster, real-time system monitoring and diagnostics to alleviate system performance degradation, or prevent system damage from dramatic changes in hot-side thermal transfer conditions in industrial, transportation, and spacecraft TE power systems.
Multiple and Composite Correlation

This chapter discusses the concept of a composite variable consisting of a number of simple variables with an accompanying set of weights. When the weights have been selected so as to maximize the prediction of the dependent variable, the composite correlations are called multiple correlations. The chapter presents several examples of the maximizing process. Determinant and matrix operations are used to solve sets of simultaneous equations to derive the β terms in the normal equations by progressively reducing the number of unknowns in each succeeding equation. The process is simplified when the constants form a symmetric matrix as are all intercorrelation matrices. The value of the criterion correlation is subtracted from both sides of each normal equation so that each equation equals zero. Two equivalent approaches, an older normalization method and a newer square-root method, are used for successively reducing the number of unknowns in each row of the matrix. The normalization method forms a vector for each succeeding row by dividing the negative value of each entry in that row by its diagonal cell's value. The square root method forms its vector by dividing each entry in the row of interest by the square root of its diagonal cell's value.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5years of age in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Abstract Objective To evaluate neurodevelopmental sequelae in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) children at 5years of age. Materials and methods The study cohort of 35 CDH patients was enrolled in our follow-up program between 06/2004 and 09/2014. The neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed at a median of 5years (range, 4–6) included cognition (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence [WPPSI], n=35), Visual-Motor-Integration (n=35), academic achievement (Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement, n=25), and behavior problems (Child Behavior Check List [CBCL], n=26). Scores were grouped as average, borderline, or extremely low by SD intervals. Results Although mean Full (93.9±19.4), Verbal (93.4±18.4), and Performance (95.2±20.9) IQ were within the expected range, significantly more CDH children had borderline (17%) and extremely low (17%) scores in at least one domain compared to normative cohorts ( P P P =0.02 and P =0.0003, respectively). Autism was diagnosed in 11%, which is significantly higher than the general population ( P P Conclusion The majority of CDH children have neurodevelopmental outcomes within the average range at 5years of age. However, rates of borderline and extremely low IQ scores are significantly higher than in the general population. CDH survivors are also at increased risk for developing symptoms of emotionally reactive and pervasive developmental problems. Risk of autism is significantly elevated. Disease severity and early neurological dysfunction appear to be predictive of longer-term impairments.
Rural and Urban/Suburban Families' Use of a Web-Based Mental Health Intervention

Abstract Background/Introduction: Access to mental healthcare among rural residents is a national concern because unique barriers (e.g., fewer providers, distance to services) create significant challenges for the 60 million Americans who live in these settings. There is now a large body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of a wide range of Internet-based interventions. However, little is known about the extent to which individuals in rural settings will use these approaches and find them acceptable. Research with youths and their caregivers within this scope is particularly limited and, therefore, of great importance. Methods: We examined access and completion of a Web-based disaster mental health intervention in a population-based sample of 1,997 rural (n = 676) and urban/suburban (n = 1,321) adolescents and their caregivers who were affected by the Spring 2011 tornadoes that touched down in parts of Missouri and Alabama. Results: Results indicated no differences in the rate of access or completio...
Racial/ethnicity disparities in invasive breast cancer among younger and older women: An analysis using multiple measures of population health.

Abstract Introduction Few studies have examined age and racial/ethnic disparities in invasive breast cancer among younger (age 15–44 years) vs. older (age 45–64 years) women. This study estimates disparities in breast cancer among younger compared with older women by race/ethnicity using five measures of population health: life expectancy (LE), expected years of life lost (EYLL), cumulative incidence rate (CIR), and incidence and mortality rate ratios (IRR and MRR). Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, LE and EYLL were estimated from a cohort of 15–44 and 45–64 years, non-Hispanic black (NHB), non-Hispanic white (NHW), and Hispanic women diagnosed with breast cancer, 2000–2013. Survival function was obtained from the study years and then extrapolated to lifetime using the Monte Carlo method. The CIR, IRR and MRR were calculated using 2009–2013 breast cancer incidence and mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries. Results The estimated LE ranged from 32.12 to 7.42 years for localized to distant stages among younger NHB women compared to 33.05 to 9.95 years for younger NHW women. The estimated EYLL was 12.78 years for younger women, and 4.99 for older women. By race/ethnicity, it was 15.53 years for NHB, 14.23 years for Hispanic and 11.87 years for NHW ( P 15-44 ) indicated a 1 in 86 probability for NHB compared to a 1 in 87 probability for NHW being diagnosed with breast cancer by age 45. The estimated age-adjusted incidence rate for NHB-to-NHW women was IRR=1.10 (95%, CI=1.08–1.11) and the corresponding mortality rate was MRR=2.02 (95%, CI=1.94–2.11). Conclusions The breast cancer disparities between younger NHB compared to NHW women highlight the need for expanded efforts to address these disparities through primary prevention and to improve access to quality healthcare to minority women with breast cancer.
Improved cyber threat indicator sharing by scoring privacy risk

Information security can benefit from real-time cyber threat indicator sharing, in which companies and government agencies share their knowledge of emerging cyberattacks to benefit their sector and society at large. As attacks become increasingly sophisticated by exploiting behavioral dimensions of human computer operators, there is an increased risk to systems that store personal information. In addition, risk increases as individuals blur the boundaries between workplace and home computing (e.g., using workplace computers for personal reasons). This paper describes an architecture to leverage individual perceptions of privacy risk to compute privacy risk scores over cyber threat indicator data. Unlike security risk, which is a risk to a particular system, privacy risk concerns an individual's personal information being accessed and exploited. The architecture integrates tools to extract information entities from textual threat reports expressed in the STIX format and privacy risk estimates computed using factorial vignettes to survey individual risk perceptions. The architecture aims to optimize for scalability and adaptability to achieve real-time risk scoring.
Overview of Recent Results from the STAR experiment

Abstract Hard and electromagnetic (EM) probes are excellent tools for studying the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). These probes include jet production and modification, productions of heavy flavor hadrons and quarkonia, and productions of photon and dileptons. They provide essential information to characterize the properties of the QGP such as the parton energy loss mechanism and the temperature, lifetime, and viscosity of the QGP. The Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) experiment utilizes t excellent detectors to measure these probes, and provides numerous results via hard and EM probes. This overview reports some of the selected results from e + e − and direct virtual photon productions, heavy flavor hadrons and quarkonia, and jets.
Diagnostic Methods of Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension: Specifics of the Pediatric Population

The etiopathogenesis, biology and clinical course of pediatric liver diseases are distinct from that described in adults. There are also critical differences in the availability of disease-specific therapies and evidence supporting surveillance for varices and hepatobiliary cancer in children.
Anger and Coping with Stress

Howard Beale, veteran anchorman of the Universal Broadcasting Company, became the mad prophet of the movie, Network, as he implored television audiences across the nation: So, I know you’ve been bugged. You’ve got to get mad. You’ve got to say, “I’m a human being, damn it! My life has value!” So, I want you to get up now. I want all of you to get up out of your chairs. I want you to get up right now and go to the window, open it, and stick your head out and yell, “I’m as mad as hell, and I’m not going to take this anymore!” Things have got to change, but first, you’ve got to get mad.
C-peptide as a key risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States population.

C-peptide as a key risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States population
Carbon Nanospikes on Silicon Wafer for Amperometric Biosensing Applications

Carbon electrodes have gained wide popularity in biosensing applications in recent years. In this paper, we discuss carbon nanospikes fabricated using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on a silicon wafer. Carbon nanospikes are preferred over other carbon nanostructures due to their batch reproducibility. Scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy demonstrate spike-like and defectrich structure of the electrodes. Hydrogen peroxide has been chosen as the sensing analyte since it plays a vital role in various neurological disease states and is a byproduct of various electrochemical reactions.
Functionality and Security Co-design Environment for Embedded Systems

For decades, embedded systems, ranging from intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) sensors to electronic warfare and electronic signal intelligence systems, have been an integral part of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) mission systems. These embedded systems are increasingly the targets of deliberate and sophisticated attacks. Developers thus need to focus equally on functionality and security in both hardware and software development. For critical missions, these systems must be entrusted to perform their intended functions, prevent attacks, and even operate with resilience under attacks. The processor in a critical system must thus provide not only a root of trust, but also a foundation to monitor mission functions, detect anomalies, and perform recovery. We have developed a Lincoln Asymmetric Multicore Processing (LAMP) architecture, which mitigates adversarial cyber effects with separation and cryptography and provides a foundation to build a resilient embedded system. We will describe a design environment that we have created to enable the co-design of functionality and security for mission assurance.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Age-Adjusted D-Dimer Cutoff in Suspected Cases of Pulmonary Embolism

Abstract Introduction Current guidelines recommend use of clinical pretest probability scores, d-dimer assay, and imaging studies in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). Studies have shown that normal d-dimer levels with low-intermediate probability in Wells score can safely exclude PE in most cases. Usually, d-dimer level of less than 500 µg/L is used to decide that no further imaging studies such as computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan) are required. However, the conventional cutoff of 500 µg/L may not be as specific in all patients as d-dimer levels increase with age. Thus, use of age-adjusted d-dimer cutoff has been advocated which is defined as (age × 10) µg/L in patients 50 years or older. Objective To study if age-adjusted d-dimer is helpful in decreasing imaging studies without missing the diagnosis of PE in suspected cases. Methods We did an observational retrospective study of all consecutive adult patients who presented to the emergency department from January 2014 to December 2016. The patients who were clinically suspected with PE and underwent subsequent workup along with d-dimer assays were included for analysis. The number of imaging studies performed for PE diagnosis were recorded. Results We included 3,197 patients in the study. Median age was 55 years, and 67% were females (Table 1). Total 2,937 (92%) patients had elevated d-dimer levels based on conventional d-dimer cutoff compared to 2,526 (79%) patients based on age-adjusted d-dimer cutoff. The age-adjusted d-dimer cutoff was more specific (21% vs 8%, p-value Conclusion Age-adjusted d-dimer cutoff can significantly decrease the number of imaging studies performed in cases of suspected PE. However, as shown in our study, there is a chance of missing cases with actual PE. Thus, clinicians should always be aware of a rare probability of false negative result with age-adjusted d-dimer levels. Further stratification of the probability risk or the prompt use of imaging studies in cases with higher clinical suspicion can help in accurate diagnosis of PE. Download : Download high-res image (415KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.