cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Helping Managers Manage

Do conventional management accounts help managers manage? This paper argues that the answer to this question is ‘No’, primarily because conventionally prepared budgets are not accepted by managers as valid measures of performance as a result of either forecasting errors in the data used in the original budget or weaknesses in the simulation algorithms inherent in the budget. The paper then suggests that management accounts can be made more meaningful by incorporating within the management accounting system a ‘resource management system’, the basis of which is a powerful simulation model.
Significance of the vertebral venous (Batson's) plexus in metastatic spread in colorectal carcinoma

Recently studies of bone metastases in colorectal carcinoma by radionuclide scanning are reviewed. A frequency of 33--61% has been reported using the more recently available bone scanning tests. The commonly accepted frequency of bone metastases from colorectal carcinoma by x-ray or anatomic studies is 5%. This much higher frequency currently being reported must still be established by additional studies. However, if the much high frequency currently being reported is firm, they suggest a much greater importance of the Vertebral Venous Plexus in tumor spread than heretofore suspected for colorectal carcinoma.
Zum Stufenaufbau des Parallelenaxioms

Euclid's parallel postulate is shown to be equivalent to the conjunction of the following two weaker postulates: “Any perpendicular to one side of a right angle intersects any perpendicular to the other side” and “For any acute angle Oxy, the segmentPQ — whereP is a point onOx, Q a point onOy andPQ ⊥ Oy — grows indefinitely, i. e. can be made longer than any given segment”.
A precision measurement of the X-ray polarization of the Crab Nebula without pulsar contamination.

The linear X-ray polarization of the Crab Nebula has been precisely measured at 2.6 keV and 5.2 keV with the OSO 8 graphite crystal polarimeters. The 1.4 ms time resolution of these instruments permitted the removal of any contribution to the polarization from the pulsar. The nebular polarization is 19.2% plus or minus 1.0% at a position angle of 156.4 plus or minus 1.4 deg at 2.6 keV. At 5.2 keV the corresponding results are 19.5% plus or minus 2.8% at 152.6 plus or minus 4.0 deg.
Measuring Attitudes Toward Acceptable and Unacceptable Parenting Practices

This study investigated the properties of a new rating instrument, the Parenting Questionnaire (PQ), designed to measure attitudes about acceptable and unacceptable parenting practices. In Study 1, subject matter experts representing culturally diverse psychologists, parents, and college students were consulted to identify 110 items receiving high endorsement. In Study 2, items were administered to 1,398 undergraduate students to examine their factor structure and the effects of ethnicity and gender differences on PQ factors. In Study 3, test–retest reliability (N = 92) and convergent validity (N = 142) of the PQ factors were examined. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (total of 63 items) with high internal consistencies that accounted for a moderate amount of total variance (R 2 = .38). The factors were Critical Feedback (26 items), Supportive Feedback (26 items), and Physical Discipline (11 items). Significant ethnicity and gender differences were found on the three PQ factors, as well as a significant interaction between ethnicity and gender on the Supportive Feedback factor. PQ factor scores demonstrated good temporal stability, internal consistency, and convergent validity. Overall findings suggest that the PQ is a reliable, stable, and valid measure of attitudes toward parenting with three distinct factors. Future research directions with parents are discussed.
Ultra-Low-Loss Optical Delay Line on a Silicon Chip

Using a wet etch process, 7 meter long waveguides having optical loss of 0.3dB/m are demonstrated. Resonator measurements show that this loss value can be reduced to 0.03 dB/m.
A Retrospective Chart Review of Dietary Diversity and Feeding Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder before and after Admission to a Day-Treatment Program.

The nutritional status and mealtime performance among a group of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were examined before and after admission to an intensive feeding day-treatment program. Treatment involved escape extinction, reinforcement, and stimulus fading procedures. Outcomes focused on dietary diversity and mealtime performance, including acceptance, swallowing, and disruptive mealtime behaviors. Upon admission, participants exhibited severely restricted diets, low rates of acceptance and swallowing, and high rates of disruptive mealtime behavior. Following treatment, significant improvements regarding food variety, consumption, and appropriate mealtime behavior were demonstrated. Gains were maintained after caregiver training was conducted and caregivers were introduced as the primary feeders.
Interdependent latch setup/hold time characterization via Euler-Newton curve tracing on state-transition equations

Interdependent characterization of latch setup/hold times is a core component of techniques for pessimism reduction via Setup/Hold Interdependence Aware Static Timing Analysis (SHIA-STA) [1], [2]. We present an efficient and novel method for such characterization, by formulating the interdependent setup-hold time problem as an underdetermined nonlinear equation h(zetas,zetah) = 0, which we derive from the latch's state-transition function. We solve this equation numerically using a Moore-Penrose Newton method. Further, we use null-space information from the Newton's Jacobian matrix to efficiently find constant-clock-to-Q contours (in the setup/hold time plane), via an Euler-Newton curve tracing procedure. We validate the method on TSPC and C2MOS registers, obtaining speedups of more than 20 x over prior approaches while achieving superior accuracy. This speedup increases linearly with the precision with which curve tracing is desired. In view of the importance and large computational expense of latch characterization in industry today, the new technique represents a significant enabling technology for dramatically speeding up industrial timing closure flows.
Isolation of a highly specific ligand for the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin from a phage display library

Our previous studies showed that the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin selects cysteine pair-containing RGD peptides from a phage display library based on a random hexapeptide. We have therefore searched for more selective peptides for this integrin using a larger phage display library, where heptapeptides are flanked by cysteine residues, thus making the inserts potentially cyclic. Most of the phage sequences that bound to alpha 5 beta 1 (69 of 125) contained the RGD motif. Some of the heptapeptides contained an NGR motif. As the NGR sequence occurs in the cell-binding region of the fibronectin molecule, this sequence could contribute to the specific recognition of fibronectin by alpha 5 beta 1. Selection for high affinity peptides for alpha 5 beta 1 surprisingly yielded a sequence RRETAWA that does not bear obvious resemblance to known integrin ligand sequences. The synthetic cyclic peptide GACRRETAWACGA (*CRRETAWAC*) was a potent inhibitor of alpha 5 beta 1-mediated cell attachment to fibronectin. This peptide is nearly specific for the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, because much higher concentrations were needed to inhibit the alpha v beta 1 integrin, and there was no effect on alpha v beta 3- and alpha v beta 5-mediated cell attachment to vitronectin. The peptide also did not bind to the alpha IIb beta 3 integrin. *CRRETAWAC* appears to interact with the same or an overlapping binding site in alpha 5 beta 1 as RGD, because cell attachment to *CRRETAWAC* coated on plastic was divalent cation dependent and could be blocked by an RGD-containing peptide. These results reveal a novel binding specificity in the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin.
Identical Twins Simultaneously Concordant for Anorexia Nervosa

Abstract Identical twin girls, whose monozygosity was determined by blood group analysis, simultaneously developed anorexia nervosa at the age of 11. Treatment consisting of individual, outpatient, insight-oriented psychotherapy for each girl by separate therapists, and work with the parents by a social worker, uncovered significant conflict in the area of identity formation, apparently exacerbated by the twinship. Resolution of the anorexia and significant ego growth in both twins rapidly followed exploration of the twinship dynamics in therapy. Gains made during the relatively brief therapy were well maintained at a 2-year follow-up evaluation.
An Analysis of Effective and Ineffective Leader Conversation

Current trends in leadership study recognize the importance of symbol use in the everyday talk of leaders. An examination of the conversational forms constituting effective and ineffective talk by leaders revealed two findings: (1) Effective conversations by leaders were viewed as positively valenced, coherent, and as facilitating the accomplishment of work-related and personal goals, and (2) effective conversations produced higher levels of identification and decreased organizational members' need for legitimation processes. These findings suggest several research areas regarding the relationship between leadership and communication competence.
Varying the Number of Heads in Phosphorylated Smooth Muscle Myosin Filaments Provides Evidence for Attachment Limited Kinetics of in vitro Actin-Sliding Velocities

Previously we have shown that the ATP-dependence of EDC-stabilized fluorescent smooth muscle myosin (SMM) filament motility is very similar to solution ATPase values (KATP = 8.5 and 9.2 µM, respectively). This suggests both processes are influenced by the same kinetic step, acto-myosin attachment not detachment, presumably linked to Pi release. This mechanism predicts that velocities will be linearly related to the number of working heads. Therefore, we prepared SMM- rod co-filaments that contain fewer molecules per filament length as well as longer SMM filaments that contain more molecules per filament to determine the relationship between the number of heads and velocity. SMM:rod co-filaments (at 50:50, 25:75, and 15:25 ratios) were approximately the same length as normal SMM filaments (∼0.6 µm), and the number of molecules incorporated was directly related to the ratio of SMM to rods. As the number of heads decreased, the maximal velocity at saturating ATP also decreased, and the KATP was lower for all of the co-filaments compared to the normal filaments. These findings provide evidence that the velocity of SMM filaments is influenced by attachment limited kinetics. The longer SMM filaments (average length of 2.3 ± 0.81 µm) will allow us to visualize the geometry of acto-myosin interactions during motion. Also, the relationship between velocity and filament length will be determined at various [ATP]. The long filaments also better demonstrate our previously described “parking” behavior where filaments move to the end of actin filaments but remain attached for long periods even at saturating [ATP] (Haldeman et al, JBC, 2014). Interestingly, most of the SMM filament hangs off the end of the actin suggesting the parking is mediated by a small fraction of the heads.
Remote Antiproton Sources

Antiprotons are well on their way to becoming a standard laboratory commodity. Heavy utilization of LEAR is ushering in a new era where p's achieve their logical potential, equal to that of e-, e+, H-, as controlled probes and experimental building blocks. The uniqueness and usefulness of p's for studies at low (table top) energies is well documented. The main stumbling block to universal pursuit of such studies is the overhead of p production. The stablility of the p thus makes cogent an investigation of possibilities and limits to transporting p's in quantity. I will base my discussion on LEAR as the source of p's for bottling, since it is the only concrete example to work with at present. Two other lines of contemporary research then, largely in atomic physics, pioneered b Dehmelt and collaborators, aimed at precision studies o clouds of, or single e±, p±, or ions in larqe storage time traps. Second, there is work, experimental and theoretical, from the plasma physics tradition aimed at characterizing non neutral plasmas.
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: review of the randomised clinical trials

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Liver resection or transplantation is potentially curative, although subsequent recurrence and death are common. We reviewed randomised trials on the role of adjuvant therapy in resectable HCC. We identified 13 randomised trials with recurrence or survival endpoints reported at 3 years or longer. Three studies involved predominantly systemic adjuvant chemotherapy; four involved predominantly hepatic-artery-based chemotherapy or embolisation; and six used other therapeutic modalities including immunological, radiation, and differentiation agents. A therapeutic benefit in terms of disease-free or overall survival was noted in six trials, five of which involved modalities other than systemic or hepatic-artery chemotherapy or embolisation. We conclude that systemic and hepatic-artery chemotherapy or chemoembolisation have not been shown to improve overall or disease-free survival after resection of HCC, although there has been no definitive trial comparing adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with no treatment. Other adjuvant modalities (mostly tested in small, preliminary settings) may confer benefit after potentially curative resection of HCC.
The energy—water nexus: Water use trends in sustainable energy and opportunities for materials research and development

Over the next few decades, the challenge of water scarcity is expected to grow more acute as water demands from the power generation, agriculture, industrial, and municipal sectors all increase. Energy production requires copious amounts of water, with the volume of water used by power generation ranking second only to that used for agriculture. This article reviews options for managing the water requirements associated with power generation. Although the effects of both existing and emerging modes of power generation on water use trends are explored, the primary focus is on thermal systems, which account for the majority of existing capacity.
Radar cross section of open circular loops

Two methods of calculating the monostatic and bistatic scattering by an open circular loop are briefly discussed. Theoretical and experimental backscatter results are presented that show how the echo area varies when a straight wire is curved into an arc of decreasing radius of curvature. For small radii of curvature, an interesting resonance phenomenon is observed.
Fast Modifications of the SpikeProp Algorithm

In this paper we develop and analyze Spiking Neural Network (SNN) versions of Resilient Propagation (RProp) and QuickProp, both training methods used to speed up training in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by making certain assumptions about the data and the error surface. Modifications are made to both algorithms to adapt them to SNNs. Results generated on standard XOR and Fisher Iris data sets using the QuickProp and RProp versions of SpikeProp are shown to converge to a final error of 0.5 - an average of 80% faster than using SpikeProp on its own.
Revisit of relationships and models for the Birnbaum-Saunders and inverse-Gaussian distributions

The Birnbaum-Saunders distribution was derived in 1969 as a lifetime model for a specimen subjected to cyclic patterns of stresses and strains, and the ultimate failure of the specimen is assumed to be due to the growth of a dominant crack in the material. The inverse Gaussian distribution is used to describe the first passage time for a particle (moving with constant velocity) that is subject to linear Brownian motion. These two models have a rich history, and they have been shown to be much related. In this article, these two models will be reviewed and comparisons will be made. Specifically, two moment-ratio diagrams will be presented that gives insight to the reason of both distributions often achieve similar fits to experimental data. Next, a generalized Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, will be presented and several properties will be derived. In particular, it will be shown that this generalized model can be expressed as a mixture of inverse Gaussian-type random variables (similar to the two-parameter Birnbaum-Saunders model). Estimation of the parameters in the generalized Birnbaum-Saunders distribution will be discussed. Lastly, some conclusions from this investigation are presented.
Eosinophilia and Fever with Levetiracetam: A Case Report

Levetiracetam is considered by many clinicians to be one of the most benign antiepileptic medications available. We report the case of a 24-year-old man presenting with seizures for which he was started on levetiracetam. Despite an extensive work-up and treatment of possible infectious and noninfectious issues, the patient remained intermittently febrile. When a marked peripheral eosinophilia was noted, the patient's levetiracetam was discontinued and phenytoin prescribed. The fever resolved within 24 hours, and the patient's eosinophilia count returned to normal limits following discharge back to his long-term care facility. We estimate the probability of this reaction related to levetiracetam as probable based on a score of 7 on the Naranjo scale. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility that levetiracetam may be an offending agent in a patient with unexplained fever and eosinophilia. These may be early signs of the progression to a more serious drug hypersensitivity reaction, such as drug rash, eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome.
Natural variation in male-induced ‘cost-of-mating’ and allele-specific association with male reproductive genes in Drosophila melanogaster

One of the most sharply defined sexual conflicts arises when the act of mating is accompanied by an inflated risk of death. Several reports have documented an increased death rate of female Drosophila as a result of recurrent mating. Transgenic and mutation experiments have further identified components of seminal fluid that are at least in part responsible for this toxicity. Variation among males in their tendency for matings to be toxic to their partners has also been documented, but here for the first time we identify polymorphism within particular genes conferring differential post-mating female mortality. Such polymorphism is important, as it raises the challenge of whether sexual conflict models can provide means for maintenance of polymorphism. Using a set of second chromosome extraction lines, we scored differences in post-mating female fecundity and longevity subsequent to mating, and identified significant among-line differences. Seventy polymorphisms in ten male reproductive genes were scored and permutation tests were used to identify significant associations between genotype and phenotype. One polymorphism upstream of PEBII and an amino acid substitution in CG17331 were both associated with male-induced female mortality. The same allele of CG17331 that is toxic to females also induces greater refractoriness to remating in the females, providing an example of an allele-specific sexual conflict. Postcopulatory sexual selection could lead to sexual conflict by favouring males that prevent their mates from mating, even when there is a viability cost to those females.
Electroporation of endothelial cells by high frequency electric fields: implications for DBS

This study was conducted to determine if DBS induced electric fields will result in local electroporation of blood vessels. We designed an in-vitro stimulation system using uniform fields and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECS) confluent monolayers. The cells were quantified for reversible electroporation (uptake) and irreversible electroporation (cell death) by calcein and propidium iodide, respectively, as marker molecules. Confocal microscopy in combination with fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the uptake of these molecules. We observed that exposure of monolayers to electric fields analogous to those generated during clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) may result in electroporation and eventual cell death in cases of prolonged stimulation .
Challenging conventional assumptions of automated information retrieval with real users: Boolean searching and batch retrieval evaluations

Two common assumptions held by information retrieval researchers are that searching using Boolean operators is inferior to natural language searching and that results from batch-style retrieval evaluations are generalizable to the real-world searching. We challenged these assumptions in the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) interactive track, with real users following a consensus protocol to search for an instance recall task. Our results showed that Boolean and natural language searching achieved comparable results and that the results from batch evaluations were not comparable to those obtained in experiments with real users.
Corticosterone, locomotor performance, and metabolism in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana).

Elevated levels of circulating corticosterone commonly occur in response to stressors in wild vertebrates. A rise in corticosterone, usually in animals of subordinate rank, results in a variety of effects on behavior and physiology. Behavioral and physiological responses to short-term increases in corticosterone are well studied. In contrast, the effects of chronic elevated levels of corticosterone are poorly understood, particularly in lizards. Here, we examined the long-term effects of exogenous corticosterone on locomotor performance, resting and active metabolic rate, and hematocrit in male side-blotched lizards Uta stansburiana. Corticosterone implantation resulted in higher levels of stamina relative to shamsurgery controls. In addition, lizards with elevated corticosterone exhibited lower resting metabolic rates relative to controls. Corticosterone had no effect on peak activity metabolism but did result in faster recovery times following exhaustive exercise. We suggest that elevated levels of corticosterone in response to dominance interactions promote enhanced locomotor abilities, perhaps as a flight response to avoid agonistic interactions. Furthermore, stressed lizards are characterized by lower resting metabolic rates, which may serve as strategy to conserve energy stores and enhance survival.
The role of Id2 and apoptosis during skeletal muscle remodeling.

relatively little is known regarding the relevance of apoptosis to skeletal muscle homeostasis and the possible mechanisms involved, although evidence exists indicating that apoptosis may play a role during muscle aging ([11][1],[17][2]), muscular dystrophy ([15][3]), muscle denervation ([8][4]),
Calorimetry as a tool for understanding biomolecular interactions and an aid to drug design

The binding of two biomolecules viewed from the atomic level is highly complex. It involves the formation or removal of many individual non-covalent bonds both between the interacting molecules as well as with solvent. Currently, our understanding of the thermodynamic quantification of biomolecular interactions is somewhat naive. ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) provides a rapid route to a full thermodynamic characterization of a biomolecular interaction. Armed with these data, what are we really able to understand about complex formation and can any of this information provide a useful tool to aid drug development? Correlations between thermodynamic data and structural detail have been investigated, allowing insight into ways in which these can be used to understand protein-ligand interactions and provide input into the decision-making process in drug development.
Three Ways in Which Midline Regions Contribute to Self-Evaluation

An integration of existing research and newly conducted psychophysiological interaction (PPI) connectivity analyses suggest a new framework for understanding the contribution of midline regions to social cognition. Recent meta-analyses suggest that there are no midline regions that are exclusively associated with self-processing. Whereas medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is broadly modulated by self-processing, subdivisions within MPFC are differentially modulated by the evaluation of close others (ventral MPFC: BA 10/32) and the evaluation of other social targets (dorsal MPFC: BA 9/32). The role of DMPFC in social cognition may also be less uniquely social than previously thought; it may be better characterized as a region that indexes certainty about evaluation rather than previously considered social mechanisms (i.e., correction of self-projection). VMPFC, a region often described as an important mediator of socioemotional significance, may instead perform a more cognitive role by reflecting the type of information brought to bear on evaluations of people we know well. Furthermore, the new framework moves beyond MPFC and hypothesizes that two other midline regions, ventral anterior cingulate cortex (VACC: BA 25) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC: BA 11), aid motivational influences on social cognition. Despite the central role of motivation in psychological models of self-perception, neural models have largely ignored the topic. Positive connectivity between VACC and MOFC may mediate bottom-up sensitivity to information based on its potential for helping us evaluate ourselves or others the way we want. As connectivity becomes more positive with striatum and less positive with middle frontal gyrus (BA 9/44), MOFC mediates top-down motivational influences by adjusting the standards we bring to bear on evaluations of ourselves and other people.
Probable Anticonvulsant Hypersensitivity Syndrome Due to Fosphenytoin in a Pediatric Patient with Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis

An 8-year-old previously healthy girl with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis developed probable anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) within 5 days of starting fosphenytoin. She experienced fever, rash, periorbital edema, profound hepatotoxicity and coagulopathy. Her sudden and dramatic rise in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to greater than 80 times the upper limit of normal in combination with an elevated INR were very concerning. Mortality from AHS has been correlated with the degree of hepatic involvement. Fosphenytoin was immediately discontinued and, within 48 hours, AST, ALT and INR began to decrease and were within normal limits by hospital day 23. Prompt recognition of probable AHS and immediate discontinuation of fosphenytoin resulted in an abrupt reversal of clinical signs and laboratory values associated with potential hepatic failure in a pediatric patient.
Consent to Search by Ignorant People

It is bewildering that a doctor cannot invade the privacy of a person without informed consent, yet a police officer needs only consent-submission without physical coercion or apparent threat of physical coercion. Thus, the phrase "consent to search by ignorant people" is a construction designed to challenge the single-factor standard of voluntariness as a permissible basis for relinquishing constitutional rights.This essay, initially presented at a panel discussion hosted by the Texas Tech University School of Law, first explains the law of consent searches. The essay then analyzes waiver, voluntariness, and the relinquishment of Fourth Amendment rights through a deconstruction of the Supreme Court's holding in Schneckloth v. Bustamonte. There, the Court held that police were not required to notify suspects of their right to refuse consent during the consent interrogation for suspects to effectively relinquish their Fourth Amendment protections. The essay then analyzes the role of state courts and their interpretation of their constitutions as it relates to consent searches.
Punch Shear Damage Behavior of Composite Laminates With and Without Pre-Defined Delaminations

Punch shear tests have been proven to simulate most of the damage mechanisms observed under ballistic impact. A phenomenological model has been developed to quantify the elastic and absorbed energies as a function of displacement during punch. This model is used to quantify the damage mechanisms of thick-section composites as a function of displacement, and number of pre-defined delamination planes. It has been identified that different damage mechanisms as a function of displacement can be correlated with the load-displacement curve of punch shear tests. Three significant damage mechanisms are identified. Energy absorbed by these damage mechanisms are partitioned and quantified for a thick-section composite made from plain-weave S-2 glass and toughened API epoxy SC15 resin. The effect of pre-defined delamination planes on energy absorption and damage mechanisms are also quantified.© 2004 ASME
Density, Viscosity, and Thermal Conductivity of Mixtures of 1-Ethoxy- 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane (HFE 7200) with Methanol and 1-Ethoxybutane

The density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane (HFE 7200) + methanol and HFE 7200 + 1-ethoxybutane were measured at ambient conditions and correlated using a modified rough hard-sphere model. Rough hard-sphere parameters of pure HFE 7200 and pure 1-ethoxybutane were obtained by fitting measured values of their thermal conductivities at several temperatures. The rough hard-sphere model was able to reproduce the thermal conductivity and viscosity behavior of the HFE 7200 + 1-ethoxybutane system very well (average absolute deviations of about 2 %), but average deviations between calculated and experimental values were about 10 % in the case of the thermal conductivity and viscosity of HFE 7200 + methanol mixtures.
Navigating Wastewater Energy Recovery Strategies: A Life Cycle Comparison of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor and Conventional Treatment Systems with Anaerobic Digestion

The objective of this study was to evaluate emerging anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology in comparison with conventional wastewater energy recovery technologies. Wastewater treatment process modeling and systems analyses were combined to evaluate the conditions under which AnMBR may produce more net energy and have lower life cycle environmental emissions than high rate activated sludge with anaerobic digestion (HRAS+AD), conventional activated sludge with anaerobic digestion (CAS+AD), and an aerobic membrane bioreactor with anaerobic digestion (AeMBR+AD). For medium strength domestic wastewater treatment under baseline assumptions at 15 °C, AnMBR recovered 49% more energy as biogas than HRAS+AD, the most energy positive conventional technology considered, but had significantly higher energy demands and environmental emissions. Global warming impacts associated with AnMBR were largely due to emissions of effluent dissolved methane. For high strength domestic wastewater treatment, AnMBR recove...
Characteristics of weak-H2S-producing isolates ofPseudomonas putrefaciens from human infections

Isolates from human clinical specimens which produced salmon-colored colonies were found to grow at 2C and produce ornithine decarboxylase, DNase, trimethylamine and only slight amounts of H2S. The notably weak ability of such isolates to produce H2S was originally regarded as a negative reaction. The DNA base composition of such isolates was found to range from 48.3 to 49.2 moles %GC. These observations, along with bacteriocin typing, resulted in identification of the isolates asPseudomonas putrefaciens.
Analysis on Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Middle-Season indica Super Hybrid Rice

Six middle-season indica hybrid rice combinations(Shanyou 63 as CK) were used as experimental materials to study dry matter production characteristics of super hybrid rice.There were great advantages for super rice in dry matter production and accumulation and its yield rose as the increase of dry matter accumulation.Grain yield was not significantly correlated with dry matter accumulation before elongation stage,while significantly positively correlated(P0.05) from elongation to heading stage and significantly positively correlated(P0.01) from heading to maturity stage.There were more dry matter in vegetative organs at the heading stage in super rice but its contribution to yield was less than 148.5 kg/hm2 averagely(apparent translocation percentage was 2.5% lower than that of the control Shanyou 63).Along with the increase in leaf area index and leaf area duration,the crop growth rate rose.The mean of crop growth rate in super rice was 4542(m2·d)/hm2,higher than that of CK after transplanting.
Reliability Analysis of Four-Circuit-on-Same-Tower Power Transmission Systems

The multi-circuit-on-same-tower power transmission technologies are more and more often used in areas with scarce transmission corridor sources or with special geography environments. Along with the voltage grades increase of multicircuit-on-same-tower power transmission systems,the reliability of these transmission systems has an important influence on power systems' security,stability and reliability. The traditional combined-model-based methods in reliability evaluation have the disadvantages of complex models and intensive computation. The reliability evaluation method based on separation models can overcome these disadvantages. Adopting the reliability assessment method based on separation models,this paper provided the probability formulas of different types of faults in four-circuit-on-same-tower transmission systems and fourcircuit-on-two-towers transmission systems. And then according to the common faults' outage frequency and repair time, this paper evaluated and compared the reliability of four-circuit-on-same-tower power transmission systems and four-circuiton-two-tower powers transmission systems. It is pointed out that the reliability of four-circuit-on-same-tower power transmission systems is lower than that of four-circuit-on-two-towers power transmission systems.
The intercellular substances of bone marrow. I. Preliminary studies of the physical and chemical character of the intercellular bone marrow substances in normal rabbits.

Separation of cellular and noncellular fractions of rabbit bone marrow was accomplished by mechanical disruption of the marrow stroma and centrifugation. Viscosity studies performed on the intercellular substances showed a decreasing viscosity with increasing age of the animals. Chemical analyses confirmed the presence of mucopolysaccharide material in the intercellular substance of the marrow, but neither this material nor the fat present in the stroma could account for the viscosity measured or the changes in viscosity observed.
A broadband perpendicular E‐plane waveguide‐to‐suspended stripline transition

A perpendicular E-plane transition between rectangular waveguide (WG) and suspended stripline (SSL) in the Ku-band is presented. The topology of coupling network is studied and design guidelines are provided. A 10-dB return loss bandwidth (BW) of 12% was obtained using a patch resonator on a double-sided single-layer dielectric substrate combined with a cavity behind the resonator of a very shallow depth as low as 1 mm for a compact design. An insertion loss of 0.18 dB at 13.8 GHz was achieved in the measurement of a back-to-back SSL–WG–SSL transition. Comparison of the measured performances with the state-of-the-art WG transitions to SSL shows a 1.5 times improvement in frequency bandwidth and a three times reduction in electrical dimensions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1831–1834, 2016
Set Up for Failure? Examining the Influence of Monetary Sanctions on Probation Success:

Recent critiques of the decision to make monetary sanctions a condition of probation have suggested that the practice could hinder the successful completion of probation. However, few studies have ...
Embodiment for Education

Publisher Summary It is clear that one of the 20th century's greatest educational thinkers believed that there is a close connection between the body and education. But why should we think in the same line? The answer that this chapter develops is in two parts. After a brief discussion of embodiment theory, the chapter first briefly reviews data showing an intimate connection between the body and simple mathematics. Second, it spends considerably more time reviewing data from a research project investigating a reading intervention based on an embodied theory of language. This intervention has been successfully applied across various populations of young readers, and its application in learning abstract concepts in science is beginning to be explored. The essence of embodied theories of cognition is that the body, particularly bodily systems that have evolved for perception, action, and emotion, contribute to “higher” cognitive processes. Many of these cognitive processes are important to education, such as language comprehension, reading, mathematics, and scientific thinking. Thus, the classroom offers a fertile ground for observing effects of embodiment and testing theories.
Comparison of cocaine reinforcement in lean and obese Zucker rats: Relative potency and reinstatement of extinguished operant responding.

Abstract Aims Evidence indicates that obese individuals exhibit alterations in brain-reward function that are anatomically and functionally similar to what has been observed in drug addicts, which could theoretically make obese individuals vulnerable to drug abuse and drug abusers vulnerable to overeating. However, few studies have investigated the cross-generality of these phenotypes. We recently reported that the reinforcing effectiveness (i.e., value) of a fat was greater in obese Zucker rats than in their lean counterparts, but found no differences in the reinforcing effectiveness of cocaine between groups, suggesting psychostimulant reinforcement is similar in lean and obese Zucker rats. However, it is unknown if other aspects of reinforcement such as cocaine's potency as a reinforcer or its reinstating effects differ in lean and obese Zucker rats. Methods The current study compared cocaine's potency as a reinforcer in lean and obese Zucker rats self-administering intravenous cocaine (0.06–1.0 mg/kg/inj), and subsequently tested these subjects in cue- (light) and drug-primed (intraperitoneal cocaine; 10 mg/kg) reinstatement of extinguished operant responding. Results All rats acquired cocaine self-administration and generated “inverted-U” dose-response functions. Following extinction of responding, the cue- and drug-primes increased lever-pressing in both groups (i.e., reinstatement). No significant differences in the reinforcing potency or reinstating effects of cocaine were observed as a function of obesity. Conclusions These results, combined with our previous observations, demonstrate that cocaine's reinforcing effects are comparable in lean and obese Zucker rats and do not support the hypothesis that obesity is associated with an altered reinforcing effect of psychostimulants.
The Problem With Asymptomatic Cerebral Embolic Complications in Vascular Procedures: What If They Are Not Asymptomatic?

Cerebral embolic events related to carotid and cardiac disease have been known for decades. Recently, cerebral embolic events have become a focus of clinical importance as complications of vascular procedures. Further, the development of new technologies and procedures has increased the overall clinical significance. Although the relative safety of these procedures is usually defined by acute stroke risk, it is also becoming clear that far more subclinical events are occurring. Recent reports provided substantial evidence of memory loss, cognitive decline, and dementia related to these so-called silent infarcts. Literature reports of magnetic resonance imaging events lead to an estimate of as many as 600,000 patients with new brain injury each year in the United States alone. Given the magnitude of the numbers involved, the impact of accelerated cognitive loss and premature senescence in a vulnerable at-risk population could well be significant.
Competing event risk stratification may improve the design and efficiency of clinical trials: Secondary analysis of SWOG 8794.

6121 Background: Efficiency of clinical trials may be improved by stratifying according to competing event risk. We aimed to test whether effect and sample size estimates would be altered when adju...
γ-synuclein expression in ovarian cancer.

5574 Background: γ-synuclein (SNCG) expression is associated with advanced disease and chemo-resistance in multiple solid tumors. Our goal was to determine if SNCG expression in ovarian cancer was correlated with clinicopathologic variables and patient outcomes. Methods: Tissue microarrays from primary tumors of 358 ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer patients, who underwent primary surgery at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1995 and 2007 were constructed and stained for SNCG. A blinded pathologist scored tumors as positive if ≥10% of the sample stained. Medical records were reviewed for clinicopathologic and demographic variables. Between the positive and negative groups, Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the median ages and Fisher’s exact test was used to compare groups in categorical variables. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine associations between SNCG and overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: The median follow-up was 36 months...
Patient Participation in the Management of Stroke Rehabilitation.

(1999). Patient Participation in the Management of Stroke Rehabilitation. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation: Vol. 6, Higher Cortical Dysfunction in the Stroke Patient, pp. 43-59.
The Persistent Case of Major Depression: An Argument for Long-Term Treatment

According to psychotherapy outcome literature, treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) yield impressive results. Study after study demonstrates the efficacy of brief, evidence-based interventions for depressed individuals. Nevertheless, MDD continues to exact a devastating toll on modern society. The World Health Organization has identified it as the leading cause of disability worldwide. This reality is surprising given the implications from the academic literature. A historical analysis of MDD treatment suggests that most people with MDD experienced complete remission and enhanced outcomes when long-term, psychodynamically influenced treatments prevailed. An analysis of the system that perpetuates the brief intervention model for MDD, managed care, is discussed. This analysis is followed by a case study that illustrates the harm managed care can do to patients with MDD who are not permitted treatment of longer duration. Implications and recommendations for psychologists to intervene at the micro and macro levels are discussed.
Concluding commentary: reimagining education research from indigenous elsewheres

The articles in this special issue resonate with and expand upon the work of Sandy Grande in the lead article, helping to reimagine how we understand relations of care, reciprocity, and mutuality i...
Placental immune state shifts with gestational age.

Problem Placental immunologic functions are implicated in both the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy and the pathogenesis of obstetric complications. Immune populations at the maternal-fetal interface are hypothesized to support fetomaternal tolerance, defend the fetus from infection, and contribute to labor initiation. Despite the many potential roles of placental immune cells in normal and abnormal pregnancy, little is known about placental immune population dynamics over gestation, particularly near parturition. Method of study A daily placental immune cell census was established in a murine model by flow cytometry from mid to late gestation and compared to the maternal systemic immune census. Shifts in the placental immune state were further characterized through cytokine ELISAs. Results The placental immune census is distinct from the maternal systemic immune census, although the cells are primarily maternal in origin. Near term parturition, the placenta contains fewer CD11c-positive myeloid cells and regulatory T cells, and there is a concurrent decrease in placental IL-9 and IL-35. Conclusion The immune profile of the placenta demonstrates a decrease in both regulatory immune cell types and cytokines late in gestation. Establishing the placental immune population dynamics over a healthy pregnancy will allow future investigation of placental immune cells during abnormal pregnancy.
Modeling human diseases with induced pluripotent stem cells: from 2D to 3D and beyond

ABSTRACT The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) presents unprecedented opportunities to model human diseases. Differentiated cells derived from iPSCs in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers have proven to be a relatively simple tool for exploring disease pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms. In this Spotlight article, we discuss the progress and limitations of the current 2D iPSC disease-modeling platform, as well as recent advancements in the development of human iPSC models that mimic in vivo tissues and organs at the three-dimensional (3D) level. Recent bioengineering approaches have begun to combine different 3D organoid types into a single ‘4D multi-organ system’. We summarize the advantages of this approach and speculate on the future role of 4D multi-organ systems in human disease modeling.
Incidental Thyroid Nodules in the National Lung Screening Trial: Estimation of Prevalence, Malignancy Rate, and Strategy for Workup.

Rationale and Objectives There is limited research on the prevalence of incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) in the United States screening population and on the appropriate evaluation of computed tomography (CT)-detected ITNs. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of ITNs in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and develop a workup strategy for ITNs. Materials and Methods CT images were obtained for subjects with documented thyroid abnormalities in the CT screening arm of the NLST, subjects diagnosed with thyroid malignancies, and control subjects. Several size thresholds were compared to determine how many nodules would be further evaluated and how many thyroid malignancies would be missed had each threshold been applied at the time of workup. Results Thyroid nodules were reported in 0.7% (117 of 17,309 subjects). In 663 control subjects without reported thyroid nodules, thyroid nodules were identified in 78 (11.8%). Reported nodules were larger than unreported nodules (21.3 vs 16.9 mm, P = .03). Thyroid malignancies were diagnosed in 0.1% (22 of 17,309). If a 20-mm rather than a 10-mm cutoff were used to determine which nodules should be further evaluated, all malignancies would be detected, but 24 rather than 62 patients would require workup, for a workup reduction rate of 48.7% (38 of 78). Conclusions Less than 1% of subjects in the NLST had reported ITNs. The true prevalence of ITNs was estimated to be 11.8%, which provides a better approximation of the number of patients who could potentially receive workup. A 20-mm rather than a 10-mm cutoff would reduce the workup rate by almost 50% while still capturing all malignancies.
Prism Treatment of Acute Esotropia following Interruption of Fusion

The authors report a 13 year old boy who suffered temporary occlusion of one eye following a minor ocular injury. The patient developed a comitant 35 prism diopter esotropia with diplopia. There wa...