cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mediation and Child Support

Abstract As an alternative to litigation, mediation has been used to resolve conflicts in a cooperative manner to reflect the best interest of parties. Utilizing an archival research method, three sources of public statistical records from Central Ohio provided complete information about sociodemographic characteristics, marital and divorce history, spousal cooperation factors, mediation outcomes, and child support for 106 couples. A logistic regression found socioeconomic status, mediation, and suitability for mediation to be associated with child support compliance.
Subclavian venoplasty may reduce implant times and implant failures in the era of increasing device upgrades.

Background: The incidence of subclavian venous occlusions (SCVOs) may be an increasing problem in the era of device upgrades, especially to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Venoplasty (VP) performed by the electrophysiologist as a way of managing SCVOs may be advantageous. Methods: We reviewed the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implants of the past 5 years at Montefiore Medical Center and searched for SCVOs that required intervention and compared cases where VP was performed with cases where it was not. Results: Of 1,853 ICD implants, 41 SCVOs (2.2%) requiring intervention were identified. Its incidence increased seven-fold from 0.7% in 2005 to 5.2% in 2009. Twenty-seven of the 41 SCVOs were found during a device upgrade. Of these 41 SCVOs, 18 underwent VP and 23 did not. In the VP group, there was a trend towards a shorter total procedure time, 2:31 hours versus 3:28 hours (P = 0.37), and the total fluoroscopy time was 30 minutes versus 27 minutes (P = 0.55). VP was successful in all 18 patients. Among the non-VP group (n = 23), five (21.5%) had a failed implantation because of the inability to gain venous access and 10 (42.7%) had to be implanted on the contralateral side. Conclusion: The incidence of SCVOs requiring intervention is increasing in the era of device upgrades. VP performed by an electrophysiologist appears to be a safe and efficient approach to manage these SCVOs. VP seems to reduce the implant time and the need to implant on the other side as well as implant failure due to the inability to gain venous access. PACE 2012; 35:444–448)
Infant Sleep, Nighttime Relationships, and Attachment

Much research, since the beginning of this century, has elucidated the sophisticated competencies of the human infant. It is now known that shortly after birth, the newborn is neither passive nor poorly organized as a participant in interaction. The infant is predisposed to actively engage the social and physical world, and to process novel information in a regular and predictable way. The infant is born with a propensity to choose (prefer) certain stimuli over others and is dependent upon actively participating in both biological and social regulation to maintain homeostasis (Stern 1985).
Molecular size and conformation of chloroplast deoxyribonucleic acid from pea leaves.

Abstract The molecular size and conformation of chloroplast (ct-) DNA has been studied by renaturation kinetics and electron microscopy. Ct-DNA of buoyant density 1.698 ± 0.001 g per cm3 showed a Tm of 84° and a homogeneous melting pattern. Denatured and sheared ct-DNA renatured as a single kinetic class with no suggestion of repeating sequences. Ct-DNA is found to have a molecular weight of 95 x 106 by renaturation rate, assuming a value of 106 x 106 for T4 DNA. The lysed chloroplasts are shown to contain 37% of the total DNA in circular molecules of 37 to 42 µ. The remaining DNA is found to be in linear form ranging from 1 to 30 µ. Ct-DNA has been isolated by deproteinization and shown to contain 25% of the DNA in circular form. Supercoiled molecules constitute 30% of the circular molecules. Three per cent of the circular DNA is found in circles of dimer lengths. φX174 RF II DNA and circularized phage λ DNA have been used as internal standards, and the molecular weight of ct-DNA is calculated to be 91 x 106.
The Measurement of Belief

Almost everyone who has thought about the problems of measuring beliefs in the tradition of subjective probability or Bayesian statistical procedures concedes some uneasiness with the problem of always asking for the next decimal of accuracy in the prior estimation of a probability or of asking for the parameter of a distribution that determines the probabilities of events. On the other hand, the formal theories that have been developed for rational decision-making under uncertainty by Ramsey (1951), de Finetti (1931, 1937), Koopman (1940a, b), Savage (1954) and subsequent authors have almost uniformly tended to yield a result that guarantees a unique probability distribution on states of nature or whatever other collection of entities is used for the expression of prior beliefs.
Beschreibung ausgeführter Motoren

Die Anzahl und die Verschiedenartigkeit der von einer Groszahl der Firmen gebauten Motoren ist so gros, das sich eine Beschreibung ausgefuhrter Motoren damit begnugen mus, einzelne typische Beispiele herauszugreifen. Es ist weder moglich, noch war es die Absicht des Verfassers, die Fabrikate aller Firmen oder alle Typen einer Firma zu erfassen. Es soll nur ein Querschnitt uber den augenblicklichen Stand des europaischen Diesel-Motorenbaues innerhalb der eingangs angegebenen Leistungs- und Verwendungsbereiche gegeben werden.
The HK Singular Value Decomposition of Rank Deficient Matrix Triplets

In this paper we consider a simultaneous reduction of three matrices. The described method is extended from the work presented in [3] to include rank deficient data. It is shown how, via an initial reduction, the problem becomes one of diagonalizing a product of three matrices. We compare three different algorithms for its computation and show why one is preferred over the others.
Gender Differences in Student Attitude toward Privacy in Facebook

Facebook is the leading social media. However, a user’s failure to configure Facebook’s privacy settings properly may lead to unwanted or harmful information disclosure. In effect, a user could be sharing private information, such as name, address, contact information, gender, birthdate, views and affiliations with everyone. In this study, we present the results of an examination of students’ use of privacy settings in Facebook as well as their attitudes toward the risks associated with usage of both Facebook and the Internet in general. We also look for the existence of gender differences. Potential weaknesses of this study and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Preclinical evaluation of nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel for treatment of pediatric bone sarcoma

The combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine is frequently used to treat recurrent bone sarcoma. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) is less toxic and more active than docetaxel or paclitaxel for breast cancer patients. The combination of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine has preclinical synergy and is approved to treat pancreatic cancer. We observed growth inhibition and improved survival with nab-paclitaxel in a Ewing sarcoma xenograft, and activity was additive with gemcitabine in an osteosarcoma model. Primary Ewing sarcoma tumors expressed the transport protein SPARC, previously associated with nab-paclitaxel activity. These findings provide rationale for further evaluation of nab-paclitaxel with gemcitabine for bone sarcoma.
Applications of wireless multimedia communications for law enforcement

Summary form only given. On-board computer, in-car video and wireless network connection are increasingly becoming standard equipment in police vehicles nowadays. As mobile phone service providers expand aggressively their broadband data access, more and more law enforcement agencies are tapping into this resource for sharing of multimedia data in an effort to improve efficiency and interoperability. In this talk, I will present applications in which wireless communication plays an important role in making law enforcement more effective and safer for police officers. Examples include real-time database query, remote surveillance, multimedia streaming and wireless monitoring of high-risk targets, among others.
Digital libraries from the perspective of the DELOS network of excellence

The DELOS network of excellence is a European initiative that has been funded by the European Commission under its fifth and sixth framework programs. It has played a significant role in the formation of an active digital libraries research community, the formulation of a vision for the future of the field, and in fostering collaborative research in the direction of this vision. In this paper, we take into account the recommendations of several activities that were initiated by DELOS and outline the DELOS vision for digital libraries. Furthermore, we discuss the current research agenda of the network and the main directions of technical work that it follows.
Structural evidence that the 32-kilodalton lipoprotein (Tp32) of Treponema pallidum is an L-methionine-binding protein.

Abstract A structure-to-function approach was undertaken to gain insights into the potential function of the 32-kDa membrane lipoprotein (Tp32) of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis bacterium. The crystal structure of rTp32 (determined at a resolution of 1.85 A) shows that the organization of rTp32 is similar to other periplasmic ligand-binding proteins (PLBPs), in that it consists of two α/β domains, linked by two crossovers, with a binding pocket between them. In the pocket, a molecule of l-methionine was detected in the electron density map. Residues from both domains interact with the ligand. One of the crossover regions is comprised of a 310-helix, a feature not typical in other ligand-binding proteins. Sequence comparison shows strong similarity to other hypothetical methionine-binding proteins. Together, the data support the notion that rTp32 is a component of a periplasmic methionine uptake transporter system in T. pallidum.
Effects of diet and temperature on food consumption, growth rate and tissue fatty-acid composition of triploid grass carp

Abstract Food consumption, growth rate, and tissue fatty-acid composition of juvenile triploid grass carp varied markedly when fed different aquatic plants or a commercial ration at 20°C. Highest consumption, growth rate and ω 3 fatty-acid (especially 18:3n−3) concentrations in muscle and liver occurred in grass carp fed the aquatic plant, Elodea . Fish fed Elodea for 32 days and then fed commercial ration for 33 more days at 14.4°C, 18.8°C or 24.4°C were also studied. Growth rate and food consumption, but not assimilation efficiency, increased with environmental temperature. When Elodea -fed fish were subsequently fed commercial ration, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were maintained for the first 23 days and dropped suddenly in the last 10 days at all temperatures. Decreased growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were coincident with reduced muscle and liver ω 3 fatty acids. This coincidence suggested the importance of 18:3n−3 in their growth. When the diet of fish at 14.4°C and 18.8°C was changed from Elodea to commercial ration the ratio of total unsaturated to total saturated fatty acids increased while the total number of fatty-acid double bonds in muscle and liver did not increase. This was primarily due to decreased 16:0 and increased 16:1. Feeding grass carp Elodea at warm temperatures enhanced the value of the fish as a source of ω 3 fatty acids for human consumption.
Variations in the serum specificities of higher primates detected by two-dimensional starch-gel electrophoresis.

THE proteins of human serum subjected to two-dimensional zone electrophoresis, a combination of filter-paper and starch-gel electrophoresis, can be resolved into at least 21 distinct components1,2. Some of these proteins, for example, haptoglobin and transferrin, were found to be made up of components which exhibit genetically controlled variations in the human population1–3. To enlarge our view of the evolutionary process underlying such variability in serum specificities, we began a comparative study of the distribution of protein components in the sera of the Primates. So far, sera from 13 chimpanzees, 19 cynomolgus monkeys, 17 rhesus monkeys, and several other macaques in addition to human sera have been analysed by two-dimensional zone electrophoresis in a discontinuous system of buffers4,5. This communication reports on the results gathered up to now which enable us to distinguish the four primate groups and which emphasize a taxonomic gradation in the differences among the sera examined.
IN SITU X-RAY PROBES FOR PIEZOELECTRICITY IN EPITAXIAL FERROELECTRIC CAPACITORS

Probing the piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity of thin film devices and nanostructures quantitatively has proven to be challenging because the appropriate experimental tools have had a limited range of usefulness. We show here that the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of epitaxial thin films can be measured quantitatively using time-resolved synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction. Microdiffraction combines structural specificity with the appropriate spatial resolution and ability to probe structures with electrical contacts. Our measurements of piezoelectric coefficients and coercive electric fields for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors using this approach are in excellent quantitative agreement with results obtained electrically and mechanically. The time and spatial resolution of microdiffraction probes are well-defined and decoupled from electrical and mechanical resonances of the ferroelectric capacitor.
Web-based mobile e-Diary for youth with Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a common chronic inherited disorder of red blood cells requiring careful pain management, particularly for youth. Clinicians and researchers have developed efficient pain management methods, from the traditional paper and pencil method to the computer-based electronic diaries (e-Diary). With the recent proliferation of smartphones and the advancement in mobile Internet connectivity, a new healthcare technology has become available. This paper presents a mobile e-Diary platform for youth with SCD utilizing the Internet capability of modern mobile phones. Unlike previous e-Diary systems ours is completely based on the Web technology, thus it has the advantage of platform-independence. The proposed system is designed to help children write everyday diary and provide appropriate pain management by healthcare providers. The usability and reliability of the system was evaluated with youths with SCD in conjunction with the UCLA Nursing School during 6-month study period. Our pilot study confirmed that the proposed web-based mobile e-Diary system could be used as a template for other pediatric chronic illnesses interventions in youth with other chronic illnesses.
Reflections on classification: Thomas Reid and bibliographic description

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify the ontological and epistemological basis of classification.Design/methodology/approach – Attention is drawn to a 1785 article on abstraction by Thomas Reid and the contents and theories of the article are explained. The Reid article both provides a sound approach to classification and is interesting historically as it influenced the classification pioneer Charles Ammi Cutter who, in turn, is responsible for much of the modern theory of functional bibliography. Reid's account is supplemented by brief descriptions of fallibilism and fuzziness. An associated view, Aristotelian essentialism is explained and criticized. Some observations are offered on the role of prototypes in classification and on the monothetic‐polythetic distinction.Findings – Reid's theories, suitably embedded in fallibilism and augmented with a respect for truth, provide a sound ontological and epistemological basis for classification.Originality/value – Reid's essay, together with an ap...
Past, present and future of a commercial, graphically oriented control system

Abstract This paper presents the past, present and future of a graphically oriented control system originating at Los Alamos National Laboratory and first seen at the Control Systems Conference at Villars in 1987. As a result of interest since that conference, the need for a high-quality, standard, supported control system was identified. A software technology transfer of this control system is being made to Vista Control Systems, Inc., which is currently enhancing and commercializing it as a supported product. The control system will soon feature enhanced drawing tools, an improved hardware interface and an integrated use of CAMAC and VME. Future advances will include an X-Windows man-machine interface, a graphics sequencer, enhanced network-wide database access routines using DECNET and TCP/IP, and more flexible and powerful hardware database access.
On a Problem of MacDowell and Specker

Let T extend the theory P of Peano arithmetic, and suppose 1= T. Form from W a model 91= , in analogy to the way in which the ordered ring of integers is formed from the standard model of arithmetic. Let P' and T' be the corresponding analogues of P and T respectively. Now consider the group Gv = . In [5] MacDowell and Specker set out to determine the structure of such groups. (The precise statement in [5] refers to the ring of integers rather than the ordered ring. However, as pointed out to us by J. Knight, since Lagrange's Theorem that a positive integer is the sum of four squares is provable in the analogue of P' for rings (see, for example, the proof in [7, p. 102]), the set of positive elements is definable in the ring, and consequently, so is the ordering. Thus, for the present purpose it makes no difference which of the two structures is used. Of course, one needs the ordering to discuss end extensions, as considered in [5]. On the other hand, one should be aware that in Pr' one cannot define an ordering, where the theory Pr' is the theory of the group of integers with distinguished element 1, . The constant 1 is needed so that divisibility mod n can be expressed. We will return to this point later.) In ? 1 we shall outline the results in this direction obtained in [5]. Lipshitz and Nadel, unaware that a similar question had been posed and investigated in [5] (though, of course aware that [5] contained the celebrated results on end extensions) set out to characterize those models of Pr = Presburger Arithmetic (the complete theory of ) which can be expanded to models of P. They were able to give a complete characterization for countable models in [4], which we describe in ?2. The characterization in [4] does not lift, at least in any obvious way, to uncountable models. Nevertheless, we have been able to lift enough of it that, assuming the continuum hypothesis, a complete answer to the original question of MacDowell and Specker for the group structure for P itself is given in ?3. We consider arbitrary T P in ?4. We wish to thank W. Knight for his translation of [5] and J. Knight for her many helpful observations which have greatly aided us in the preparation of this paper.
A theory of neutral gas emissions from a plasma contactor and its effect on electrodynamic tether performance

An existing anisotropic anodic plasma contactor model is extended to include neutral gas emissions. Within the framework of the contactor model, the inclusion of external ionization leads to an integrodifferential equation. By choosing the ratio of the contactor radius to the neutral gas-electron ionization mean free path at the contactor exit as a suitable expansion parameter, an analytical expression for the current-voltage characteristic can be found. The performance of this contactor model is examined via a dynamic simulation model developed for electrodynamic tethers. Detailed models of the geomagnetic field and the ionosphere are used to create a realistic environment. The highly nonlinear contactor voltagle-current characteristic is incorporated into a circuit equation, which includes radiation impedance, and is solved along the tether's orbit. Results show that it is more effective to fully ionize the contactor gas internally, than to partially ionize it externally, and that based on the specific power for the tether system, the optimum gas to use is argon. In addition, the effect of the radiation impedance on tether system performance is examined.
Why Philosophy of Art Cannot Handle Kissing, Touching, and Crying

I being the date, in 2001, that a terrorist attack destroyed the Twin Towers in New York City. From Friday, March 15 through Sunday, March The review was headed "A Somber Memorial 17, 2002, the Vienna Philharmonic performed from the Vienna Philharmonic." The reviewer, four concerts in New York City, three in another of the Times regulars, James R. Oestreich, Carnegie Hall, and one, on Sunday evening, in wrote, St. Patrick's Cathedral. Two of the three Carnegie Hall concerts were enthusiastically reviewed Hal cocet wer enhsasial reiee The memorial program anchored a basic sense of inside the Arts section of the New York Times of Tuesday, March 19, by one of the Times regumourning in the Christian season of the Passion, lars, Allan Kozinn. The heading for the review centering on Haydn's unrelentingly somber "Seven was "Fresh Power in Familiar Works." In his Last Words of Christ on the Cross." The evening review, Kozinn writes that Bernard Haitink, the opened with the solemn Adagio from Bruckner's conductor of the Carnegie Hall concerts, Seventh Symphony. It ended with Mozart's "Ave Verum Corpus," a simple consolatory choral work, imposed order and an almost narrative sense of performed without applause and with everyone in the drama on [Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 8] withaudience holding a lighted candle. out taming it or smoothing its raw emotional edges. The Vienna players were in their element: the brass One concertgoer was quoted as saying afterand winds produced the textured chords that are cenward, "After all the angst and the anger and the tral to this orchestra's trademark sound, but it was hassles of the last few months, the Mozart was the dusky, dynamically fluid string playing that gave like a benediction. It seems O.K. to let go a the performance its soul .... The Schubert Ninth, little, to let the dead rest in peace." Another on the Saturday program, was appealing in a similarly attendee was quoted as saying, about the whole visceral way. Its familiar themes were writ large and evening, "It is a warm, wonderful gesture [on the driven hard, yet there was also sufficient transparpart of the Vienna Philharmonic]. It is very ency in the orchestra's sound that details of the generous and very healing." music's inner lines sometimes shone through and In remarks delivered during the concert, altered the perspective. "Clemens Hellsberg, the orchestra's president, elaborated on the idea of art as a gift of The review of the concert in St. Patrick's God, holding out 'a sense of eternity and with it an Cathedral took up three columns on the front idea of the fulfillment of our desire for peace page of the Arts section, and then continued and harmony.' Mr. Hellsberg cited the Mozart inside with three columns at the top of page 5, in particular, 'without a doubt, a gift of God."' side by side with the two columns of the other I think we can safely infer that Mr. Hellsberg review. The concert was described as a "free made no such comments at the Carnegie Hall program to honor the victims of Sept. 1 1"-this concerts.
Facilitators, Challenges, and Collaborative Activities in Faith and Health Partnerships to Address Health Disparities

Interest in partnering with faith-based organizations (FBOs) to address health disparities has grown in recent years. Yet relatively little is known about these types of partnerships. As part of an evaluation of the Institute for Faith and Public Health Collaborations, representatives of 34 faith—health teams (n = 61) completed semi-structured interviews. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed, and coded by two members of the evaluation team to identify themes. Major facilitators to faith—health collaborative work were passion and commitment, importance of FBOs in communities, favorable political climate, support from community and faith leaders, diversity of teams, and mutual trust and respect. Barriers unique to faith and health collaboration included discomfort with FBOs, distrust of either health agencies or FBOs, diversity within faith communities, different agendas, separation of church and state, and the lack of a common language. Findings suggest that faith—health partnerships face unique chal...
The importance of performance metrics within wrapper feature selection

Many important datasets are affected by the problem of high dimensionality (having a large number of attributes or features), which can result in complex and time-consuming classification models. Feature selection techniques try to identify an optimal subset of features which may show improved classification performance as well as identify important features for the application at hand. Wrapper feature selection in particular uses a classifier to discover which feature subsets are most useful. However, feature selection can be affected by another dataset problem: imbalanced data. When one class outnumbers the other class(es), the chosen features may not reflect those most important to all classes - especially when wrapper feature selection uses a performance metric which does not consider class imbalance. No previous work has examined how the choice of performance metric within wrapper-based feature selection will affect classification performance. To study this effect, in this paper we consider two high-dimensional datasets drawn from the field of Twitter profile mining, both of which exhibit class imbalance. Using the Logistic Regression learner, we perform wrapper feature selection followed by classification, using five different performance metrics both (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, Area Under the Precision Recall Curve, Best Arithmetic Mean of TPR and TNR, Best Geometric Mean of TPR and TNR, and Overall Accuracy) for the wrapper and for evaluating the classification model. We find that performance metrics which take class imbalance into account, especially the Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve, are far more effective than Overall Accuracy when used within the wrapper, producing much better performance as evaluated by the metrics which consider imbalance. In fact, even when Overall Accuracy is the classification metric, it is not the best metric to use within the wrapper. In addition, we find that there is no direct connection between the metric inside the wrapper and used for classification evaluation: the metrics show similar patterns across all four balance-aware metrics (e.g., all but Overall Accuracy).
Adenovirus-mediated p53 growth inhibition of ovarian cancer cells is independent of endogenous p53 status

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of transfection of adenovirus-mediated wild-type p53 into ovarian cancer cells with both wild-type and mutant endogenous p53. Study design. Eight human ovarian cancer cell lines were used: three with p53 mutations, one that is p53 null, and four with wild-type p53. The recombinant p53 adenovirus (Adp53) contains the cytomegalovirus promoter, wild-type p53 cDNA, and SV40 polyadenylation signal in a minigene cassette inserted into the E1-deleted region of modified Ad5. The transduction efficiency of cells was assessed using a β-gal-containing adenovirus. Cell-counting assays were used to evaluate the effect of transfection with Adp53 on the growth of cells. P53 expression was evaluated using Western blot. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis studies were done using a tunnel-based assay and fluorescent activated cell sorting. Results. Transduction efficiencies varied between cell lines. More than 90% growth inhibition occurred in seven of eight cell lines after infection with adenovirus-mediated p53 if a viral dose leading to at least 50% of cells infected was used. Regardless of endogenous p53 status, apoptosis occurred in cells infected with p53. Conclusions. Ovarian cancer cells are growth inhibited by transfection with adenovirus-mediated p53 regardless of their endogenous p53 status. Growth inhibition is related to transduction efficiency.
Deterministic Modeling of Dispersion in Heterogeneous Permeable Media

Numerical experiments show that variations of an order of magnitude in transmissivity or hydraulic conductivity can cause significant dispersion even when relatively small values of dispersivity are assumed. Such variations should be represented in a deterministic model of solute transport in order to describe the flow field adequately and to realistically simulate dispersion. In an example of a field application to an alluvial aquifer, a satisfactory match to observed field data was obtained using a small (0.01 m) value of longitudinal dispersivity and a grid spacing fine enough to show field-scale alluvial heterogeneities. When large (approx. =30 m) values of longitudinal dispersivity were used, computed solute concentrations were about half of observed values in parts of the aquifer. Modeling efforts with grid spacings two to six times wider than alluvial channels in the aquifer produced ground-water flow and solute-transport simulations which did not adequately match field data.
Design of bacteria-agglutinating peptides derived from parotid secretory protein, a member of the bactericidal/permeability increasing-like protein family

Parotid secretory protein (PSP) (SPLUNC2), a potential host-defense protein related to bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), was used as a template to design antibacterial peptides. Based on the structure of BPI, new PSP peptides were designed and tested for antibacterial activity. The peptides did not exhibit significant bactericidal activity or inhibit growth but the peptide GL-13 induced bacterial matting, suggesting passive agglutination of bacteria. GL-13 was shown to agglutinate the Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Gram positive Streptococcus gordonii and uncoated sheep erythrocytes. Bacterial agglutination was time and dose-dependent and involved hydrophobic interactions. Variant forms of GL-13 revealed that agglutination also depended on the number of amine groups on the peptide. GL-13 inhibited the adhesion of bacteria to plastic surfaces and the peptide prevented the spread of P. aeruginosa infection in a lettuce leaf model, suggesting that GL-13 is active in vivo. Moreover, GL-13-induced agglutination enhanced the phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. These results suggest that GL-13 represents a class of antimicrobial peptides, which do not directly kill bacteria but instead reduce bacterial adhesion and promote agglutination, leading to increased clearance by host phagocytic cells. Such peptides may cause less bacterial resistance than traditional antibiotic peptides.
AIKALOSIS ATIENUATES HYPOXIC PULYONARY VASOCONSTRICTION IN NEO NATAL LAMBS

Hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis)is an important treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates. The precise way that hyperventilation attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is unclear. We studied the effect of alkalosis on hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in 13 acutely instrumented neonatal lambs. We specifically examined the relative roles of a metabolic alkalosis (MA) vs a respiratory alkalosis (RA). After stabilization in each experimental situation, the lambs were made acutely hypoxic by a 1-minute inhalation of 5% O2-95% N2. The control pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia was measured at both the beginning and end of each experiment and was compared to the responses observed after hyperventilation (RA) and after bicarbonate infusion (MA-normal PaCO2). The table gives the mean changes before and during hypoxia. Data consider different from control 1 when p<.05 by 2-way ANOVA. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was significantly milder whenever the animal was alkalotic - regardless of whether the alkalosis was respiratory or metabolic. Although the rise in PVR was smaller during MA than during RA, there was no significant difference between the effects of the two types of alkalosis. In summary, the elevated pH rather than decreased PaCO2 during hyperventilation appears to be the major factor in blunting hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Ion beam-induced luminescence

Abstract Ion beam-induced luminescence (IBIL) is a technique for materials analysis. An ion beam is used to excite atoms in a target, and visible light emitted from the target material is analyzed with a fiber-optic spectrometer. Since visible light results from outer-shell transitions, IBIL can give information about the nature of chemical bonds in materials, which methods such as PIXE and RBS cannot. We have bombarded various materials, not all of which are transparent, with 2–3 MeV protons, and have collected spectra over the wavelength range of 300–1000 nm. In this paper, we compare IBIL and photon-induced spectra for YAG. We find that the IBIL spectra contain emission lines not present in the photon-induced spectra. We suspect that this is because the selection rules for proton-induced excitation are less stringent than for photon-induced. If this is true, then (1) IBIL may be an inherently more powerful analytical technique than photon-induced spectroscopic methods and (2) some of the states created by ion bombardment may be metastable, so that IBIL might lead to a new laser pumping scheme.
Effects of Mitogen and Liposome Phospholipid Concentration on the Blastogenic Response of Bovine Lymphocytes to Phytohemagglutinin

Abstract Lymphocytes incubated with liposomes prior to the addition of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) exhibited a time dependent suppression of blastogenesis which was reversible for phosphatidylcholine (PC):cholesterol (Chol)α-tocopherol (α-T) (1:0.5:0.5) and PC:α-T (1:1) liposomes but not for PC and PC:Chol (1:1) liposomes. Incubation of PHA with lymphocytes prior to the addition of liposomes caused a time dependent, reversible suppression of blastogenesis for PC:α-T: Chol (1:0.5:0.5), PC:α-T (1:1) and PC: Chol (1:1) liposomes but not reversible for PC liposomes. The effects of phospholipid concentration on the blastogenic response to PHA exhibited a concentration dependent suppression from 1 to 2 µmoles phospholipid/ml which was reversible, to varying degrees, at a concentration of 4 µmoles phospholipid/ml.
The potential of biological methane generation from chicken manure

The potential for biological methane generating from the manure of laying hens was investigated in the laboratory. Fresh manure was collected, analyzed, and used to prepare medium for bacterial growth. At 55°C and under anaerobic conditions, methanogenic cultures were initiated by incubating the medium with different inoculations from various natural environments. Since there were no significant differences in gas production among these initiated cultures after 40 days of acclimation, they were mixed to maintain a genetic pool. The mixed culture was then challenged with different retention times (RT) and different volatile solid (VS) concentrations for the selection of optimal conditions and cultures. The conditions were finally selected to be 4-day RT and 6% VS for the maximal rate of gas production. The optimal pH and temperature were determined to be 7.5 and 50°C, respectively. Under such conditions the selected culture produced total gas at a rate 4.5 L/L day and methane (70% of total gas) 3.2 L/L day. The chicken manure therefore was able to support the methane yield at 270 L/kg of VS, a value comparably higher than other kinds of livestock wastes.
Satellite observation of atmosphere and surface interaction parameters

Several important land, atmosphere, and ocean surface parameters are being derived from weather satellite data acquired by the High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS) and the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU). The parameters thus far derived from these two instruments correspond to the entire year 1979 and the months of March and July 1982. They include: atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, ocean and land skin surface temperatures, cloud amount, cloud top pressure, temperature, and ice and snow cover. The numerical retrieval algorithm used is based on the iterative relaxation method, which is fundamentally different from statistically based methods. Rather than rely on empirical relationships between satellite observations and meteorological conditions, the relaxation approach finds the solution by iterating until the calculated outgoing radiances, obtained by substituting the iterative atmospheric and surface parameters into the radiative transfer equation, match the observations to a specified accuracy.
Promise and perils for patients and physicians.

Drs. Richard Kravitz and Sophia Chang describe how the task of sorting through the myriad of Medicare Part D alternatives will fall squarely on patients and their physicians. Whether physicians are ready to meet the challenge is uncertain.
New simplified procedures for the extraction and simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of retinol, tocopherols and carotenoids in human serum

A short, simple extraction procedure and a sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay, which utilizes isocratic elution and detection either by a photodiode-array detector or by two detectors set at 300 and 450 nm, have been developed to measure retinol, tocopherols and several carotenoids in human serum simultaneously. By relying on characteristic UV-visible spectra, seventeen carotenoids, retinol and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols were identified in concentrated serum extracts by use of the three-dimensional data mode of a photodiode-array detector. The presence of some recently reported carotenoids in human serum has been confirmed.
Strategic bullying as a supplementary, balanced perspective on destructive leadership

Abstract The concept of destructive leadership has generated considerable interest and research by a number of scholars under rubrics such as “abusive supervision” and “incivility,” and certainly represents an appropriate forum for this special issue. In the present article, we examine the leader as a bully, and explore potential consequences of strategic leader bullying behavior through the development of a conceptual model. Building upon recent work by Salin [Salin, D. (2003). Bullying and organizational politics in competitive and rapidly changing work environments. International Journal of Management and Decision Making , 4, 35–46], leader bullying behavior is construed as a form of organizational politics. We explore the implications of bullying as an influence behavior that is employed strategically to convey particular images and exercise influence in specific situations, potentially producing positive outcomes. Finally, the implications of this conceptualization and directions for future research in this relatively new area of scientific inquiry are discussed.
Extremal domains for robin capacity

We prove the existence of extremal domains for minimizing the capacity of a subset A of the boundary of a domain containing the point at infinity over all normalized conformal maps of the domain, in the case where the domain is bounded by a finite union of Jordan curves, and the set A is a finite union of subarcs. This extends a recent result of Duren and Pfaltzgraff, and fills a gap in the proof of a theorem by Duren and Schiffer. We also exhibit extremal domains in the case where A is an arbitrary boundary subset of minimal capacity zero.
Revealing non-analytic kinematic shifts in smooth goal-directed behaviour

How do biological agents plan and organise a smooth accurate path to shift from one smooth mode of behaviour to another as part of graceful movement that is both plastic and controlled? This paper addresses the question in conducting a novel shape analysis of approach and adjustment phases in rapid voluntary target aiming and 2-D reaching hand actions. A number of mode changing experiments are reported that investigate these actions under a range of goals and conditions. After a typically roughly aimed approach, regular projective adjustment is observed that has height and velocity kinematic profiles that are scaled copies of one another. This empirical property is encapsulated as a novel self-similar shift function. The mathematics shows that the biological shifts consist of continual deviation from their full Taylor series everywhere throughout their interval, which is a deep form of plasticity not described before. The experimental results find the same approach and adjustment strategy to occur with behavioural trajectories over the full and varied range of tested goals and conditions. The trajectory shapes have a large degree of predictability through using the shift function to handle extensive variation in the trajectories’ adjustment across individual behaviours and subjects. We provide connections between the behavioural features and results and various neural studies to show how the methodology may be exploited. The conclusion is that a roughly aimed approach followed by a specific highly plastic shift adjustment can provide a regular basis for fast and accurate goal-directed motion in a simple and generalisable way.
Adaptation of a super‐sensitive epitope detection technique for the immunoelectron microscopy of titin filaments in vertebrate striated muscle

A super-sensitive epitope-detection technique based on gold-silver intensification was adapted for pre-embedding immunolabelling of titin filaments in vertebrate striated muscle. Indirect immunoelectron microscopy of titin filaments was performed with monoclonal titin antibodies as primary antibodies and Fab anti-mouse IgG conjugated with 1.4 nm gold particles as secondary antibodies. The secondary antibodies penetrated easily into the tissue owing to their reduced size and the very small gold particles. After the labelling procedure, the tissue was fixed in glutaraldehyde. Since the gold particles were not visible by conventional transmission electron microscopy, they were intensified with a silver developing system. Although the particle size varied nonlinearly with the developing time, very fine grain size was achievable. The technique provided super-sensitive detection with excellent contrast and demonstrated epitopes with both strong and weak affinities.
The cost and composition of Indian exports

Abstract India has a history of export promotion policies extending back into the 1950's. These policies seem to have been applied without regard to comparative advantage and this study indicates the high cost of India's disregard for economic efficiency. Using the domestic resource cost concept as the criterion for measuring relative export efficiency, the present structure of Indian exports is examined on both the sectoral and product level. The results show not only an unacceptably wide divergence in the domestic resource cost of exports on the margin - indicating a misallocation of resources in the export sector - but also an export incentive system which fails to select India's most efficient exports.
The Immune Response of the Blue Gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus, to Proteus vulgaris

Abstract Blue gourami do not appear to produce bacterial growth inhibiting antibodies against Proteus vulgaris. However, bacterial agglutinins are produced. The mean antibody titers produced at one and two weeks after the second antigen injection were 64-128 and 32, respectively.
Focal accumulation of an apolipoprotein B-based synthetic oligopeptide in the healing rabbit arterial wall.

Abstract The functions of surface-accessible domains of apolipoprotein (apo) B, the protein moiety of low density lipoprotein (LDL), are unknown, aside from the LDL receptor-binding domain, which lies toward the carboxyl-terminal end of apoB. Since LDL accumulation in arterial lesions does not depend on recognition of LDLs by a cell-surface receptor, we synthesized an oligopeptide with the sequence of the trypsin-accessible domain of apoB that lies closest to the amino-terminal end of the protein and compared its biological activity to that of another synthetic oligopeptide with the sequence of the heparin- and apoB/apoE receptor-binding domains of apoE. (Tyrosine was added at the amino-terminal end of each peptide to facilitate radiolabeling.) The 18-amino acid apoB-based peptide included residues 1000-1016 of apoB, for which no function has been previously described. In radioautographs, the 125I-labeled peptide accumulated focally at the healing edges of regenerating endothelial islands in the balloon-catheter deendothelialized rabbit aorta. In contrast, the 21-residue apoE-based peptide, which included residues 129-148 of apoE, accumulated diffusely and uniformly throughout the deendothelialized areas of the aorta. The data show that focal binding of the apoB-based peptide can delineate arterial lesions and suggest that this arterial wall-binding domain of apoB mediates accumulation of LDLs in arterial lesions.
Theory versus practice in the staffing of R&D laboratories

The paper addresses the question of how far precept as revealed in the academic literature on staffing of industrial R&D organizations is reflected by practice in those organizations. The author has used the opportunity afforded by discussions with twenty-five middle- and highermanagement staff in laboratories in four large European companies in the petrochemical, engineering and pharmaceutical industries to obtain an overview of their staffing practices. Six aspects of staffing were enquired into: identifying and attracting persons with skills needed, selecting those satisfying organizational needs, developing the new recruit, measuring performance. appraising the individual's needs and career planning. The general impression was that the practices were remarkably similar, though some differences were observed between research- or discovery-oriented laboratories and development-oriented laboratories. When compared with well-validated generalisations in the literature firms tend to use practices judged good in the literature though there are some significant deviations especially with respect to the value of the personal interview. In some respects firms use innovative practices not yet studied by academic researchers. There is a significant and growing literature reporting academic studies of organisational behaviour in R&D. Insofar as its conclusions are valid it should help R&D managements to decide how their R&D ought to be managed. But how is it actually managed, how far does practice follow precept? This paper reports a limited study in which we set out to answer the question in relation to the subject of staffing in R&D, defined as the total managerial process of identifying, attracting, selecting, socialising, appraising and developing individuals for the R&D laboratory (Schneider, 1976). Twenty-five managers were interviewed including the personnel manager of each of the four participating laboratories. Interviews were for the most part conducted informally around six themes. These were, respectively, identifying and attracting individuals with the needed skills, selecting from them those satisfying other organizational needs, developing the newcomer
Communities: Communications, collaboration, and learning

In this tutorial, we will discuss communities, compare traditional and technology-enabled ones, and discuss some empirical strategies for formulating how to design software that supports online communities. Although a technology-enabled community does not necessarily need to be like a traditional community, one could learn a great deal about why and how human beings congregate by studying traditional communities. This knowledge is expected to be important in designing technologies that will enable efficient communications and learning in technology-based communities. This is also the reason, by the way, why the study of the design of office space that promotes communications and learning could benefit the planning of good online communities.