cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual-Band Antenna Array for 5.9 GHz DSRC and 28 GHz 5G Vehicle to Vehicle communication

The Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) band (5.85-5.925 GHz) allocated for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication provides limited opportunities for high speed data transfer. Alternatively, FCC plans to allocate millimeter-wave spectrum for 5G V2V communication. In this paper, we present a novel dual-band dual linearly-polarized antenna array for both DSRC and 28 GHz communications. For each band, we optimized antenna gain and number of elements to maximize range and data rate. The designed array has dual linear polarization and is fed with a simple quarter wave transformer. Due to large available connector's size, a Wilkinson power divider is designed to combine adjacent elements. Infinite array simulation show that the array is well matched $(\mathbf{S}_{\mathbf{11}} from 5.85 to 6.48 GHz, and from 17.29 to 29 GHz. The realized gain at both frequency bands is near-theoretical.
Association of State Child Welfare Policies Pertaining To Substance Use In Pregnancy And Infant Mortality

Association of state child welfare policies pertaining to substance use in pregnancy and infant mortality Authors: Hilal J, Bogen DL, Bodnar LM, Krans EE, Stein BD, Jarlenski M ABSTRACT Importance: U.S. states have adopted varying policies that shape how child welfare agencies address substance use in pregnancy. The association between such policies and infant mortality rates is unknown. Objective: To determine the association between state child welfare policies pertaining to maternal substance use on rates of infant mortality due to external causes, SIDS, and all causes. Design, Setting, and Participants: Time-series analysis of state child welfare policies pertaining to maternal substance use and state infant mortality rates in all U.S. states from 1999-2017. Conditional state fixed-effects negative binomial …
Service learning in an undergraduate adulthood and aging course: using life stories to connect students, content, and community

The project described in this paper was designed for an undergraduate course titled the “Psychology of Adulthood and Aging”. This course, capped at 20 students, is typically comprised of psychology...
Safely managing pain in hospitalized older adults: Implementation of a geriatric acute pain management order set

Introduction: Opioid pain medications carry serious risks when not used properly. Tools should be used to establish individualized, multimodal pain treatment plans that use opioids judiciously and effectively.This study aimed to explore outcomes of older adult patients who experience acute pain and determine if implementation of a Geriatric Acute Pain Management Order Set reduces opioid consumption during hospitalization, length of stay, unnecessary readmissions, and discharges to skilled nursing facilities. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective chart review over 12 months at a Level I trauma center.Implementation of Geriatric Acute Pain Management Order Set on adults ≥70 years admitted to services diagnosed with long bone, rib, vertebral, or pelvic fracture. Exploratory analysis using the order set was compared to standard pain management practices. Results: Nonsignificant association was found between order set usage and average oral morphine equivalents (OMEs), consumption per day (P = 0.08), length of stay (P = 0.45), and number of days to readmission (P = 0.70). Hip/femur/pelvic fractures showed higher median OME/day (14.2 mg) compared to patients with humerus/scapula/clavicle fracture(s) (8.9 mg). Median OME/day was statistically different between types of service lines (P Conclusions: Order set integration into practice guides safe and effective care of older adults experiencing pain. Optimization of pain management modalities in the hospital serves to restore mobility and function, reduce patient harm, and improve quality of life. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Practice-based learning and improvement, Patient care and procedural skills, and Systems-based practice.
Measuring the clinical impact of pathologist reviews of blood and body fluid smears.

Abstract Context.—Despite the widespread practice of pathologist review of blood and body fluid smears, little is known about its impact on improving patient care. Objective.—To assess the clinical...
Surgical management of 33 ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric neuralgias at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center.

Objective This is a retrospective review of 33 charts of patients with ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric neuralgias who underwent a neurectomy at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center between 1967 and 2000. Operations associated with neuralgias and postoperative pain outcomes were analyzed. Methods There were 23 ilioinguinal and 10 combined ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric neuralgias, and the side of the lesion and sex of the patient were found to be evenly distributed in this group. Nerve blocks must have resulted in a complete or substantial decrease in pain before a neurectomy was recommended. Twenty-nine (88%) of 33 neuralgia patients had injuries from iatrogenic causes, and 4 (12%) injuries were caused by blunt trauma. In the 23 isolated ilioinguinal neuralgias, the operation associated with neuralgias in 13 (57%) of 23 patients was a herniorrhaphy. This was followed by 4 (17%) neuralgias after an appendectomy and 3 (13%) after a hysterectomy. Three (13%) patients had neuralgias resulting from blunt trauma. Nine (90%) of 10 ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric lesions were caused by iatrogenic causes, and 1 (10%) neuralgia resulted from blunt trauma. A neurectomy was performed in all patients. Results The neurectomy resulted in considerable pain relief in 21 (91%) of 23 patients with ilioinguinal lesions and 9 (90%) of 10 patients with ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric lesions. Postoperative side effects were persistent numbness below the resected nerve and loss of the cremasteric reflex. Minor postoperative complications consisted of two superficial skin infections. Conclusion Ilioinguinal and ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric neuralgias are infrequent conditions; however, 33 patients from the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center were accrued and analyzed in this study, and most had significant pain relief after neurectomy.
Clausal Equations (A Note on the Connectivity Problem)

According to a variety of tests, What John likes is himself displays the same c-command relations as John likes himself. But none of these relations appears to hold on the surface; this is the 'connectivity problem'. Revisionists maintain that the problematic examples are identity sentences with no hidden structure, but that none of our c-command tests is infallible. Conservatives claim that our c-command tests are reliable, but that the clause John likes himself is indeed present at some level of representation. Siding with the Conservatives, we follow Ross's original insight and suggest that connectivity sentences equate a concealed question with an elided answer: [What John likes]= [John likes himself]. New arguments are given for each component of the analysis, and it is shown that connectivity effects are obviated when the elements that are equated are referential rather than clausal. The correct truth-conditions are derived from the semantics of identity, together with Groenendijk & Stokhof's semantics for questions. The analysis is then extended to cases of DP connectivity, such as His worry is himself, by suggesting that semantically dyadic nouns have an additional argument position, yielding the representation: [?x his [worry x]]=[his [worry himself]]. Finally it is shown that recent objections based on 'anti-connectivity' effects misfire, because the same facts hold of question-answer pairs, as is expected on the present approach.
Pathological anatomy of adipose tissue1

The sections in this article are: 1 I. Atrophy, Hypertrophy and Regeneration 2 II. Degenerative Changes and Disturbances of Metabolism 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Dietary Fat 2.3 Vitamin E Deficiency 2.4 Hypothermia 2.5 Viruses 2.6 Antibiotics 2.7 Sclerema and Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn 2.8 Acute Diffuse Steatonecrosis of Breast 2.9 Disseminated Focal Fat Necrosis 2.10 Pericardial Fat Necrosis 3 III. Reaction to Injury 3.1 Lipogranulomatosis 3.2 Retractile Mesenteritis 3.3 Periureteric Liposclerosis 3.4 Weber-Christian Disease 3.5 Acute Benign Nonrecurrent Panniculitis 4 IV. Lipodystrophies 5 V. Fat Embolism 5.1 Incidence and Host Susceptibility 5.2 Clinical Implications 5.3 Underlying Factors 5.4 Pathogenetic Mechanisms 6 VI. Fat Tissue New Growths 6.1 Non-neoplastic 6.2 Neoplastic 6.3 Mixed Fat Tissue Growths
Republican Election Reform and the American Montesquieu

At the time of the American founding, discourse about election regulation was shaped by a venerated -- but now long-forgotten -- “republican” (or “whig”) tradition that taught that important election rules ought to be “fixed” in constitutions, not left to mere ordinary law, in order to protect popular sovereignty and limit electoral manipulation for incumbent, factional or partisan advantage. Men speaking on all sides of the debates about the framing and ratification of the U.S. constitution repeatedly invoked Montesquieu as authority for this tradition, and used (their understanding of) his precepts in order to evaluate each elections provision of the proposed constitution for its conformity to the tradition. While some elections provisions were received as sharp departures from the tradition, others were taken to be faithful accommodations of the republican tradition to a new variant of federalism. Over time, the republican electoral tradition evolved from an emphasis on entrenching election rules against change to mere entrenchment of a requirement that election reform be channeled through constitutional processes.
Collagen cross-linking. Enzymatic synthesis of lysine-derived aldehydes and the production of cross-linked components.

The enzyme-dependent production of cross-linked collagen and the lysine-derived cross-link precursor allysine (α-aminoadipic δ-semialdehyde) has been demonstrated. The enzyme, lysyl oxidase, was extracted from embryonic chick cartilage and was inhibited by the lathyrogen β-aminopropionitrile. Cross-linking of collagen was indicated by production of a β12 component of collagen and insoluble collagen in the samples incubated with lysyl oxidase. Allysine production was observed in both α1 and α2 chains. Approximately three times as much was present in the α1 as in the α2 chain. The only lysyl residue that was found to be converted to allysine in the α1 chain was Residue 9 from the amino-terminal end. Since this is the residue that is converted in vivo and β-aminopropionitrile inhibits the conversion in vivo, it is concluded that lysyl oxidase is the physiologically active enzyme necessary for the first step in the cross-linking of collagen.
Classical Rhetoric, Explanatory Synthesis, and the TREAT Paradigm

The TREAT paradigm and the doctrine of explanatory synthesis are both organizational methodologies and substantive theories designed to improve the substance of legal writing. The TREAT paradigm doctrine holds that the presentation of legal discourse in a carefully constructed order not only promotes clarity and satisfies audience expectations but also maximizes the communicative potential and persuasiveness of the material. The explanatory synthesis doctrine casts aside the prior methodology of "explanation" of governing legal standards in legal writing. Explanatory synthesis doctrine combines the substantive doctrine of precedent and stare decisis that underlies the Anglo-American common law tradition and the doctrine of analogical reasoning that supports the presentation of common law and positive rules by illustrating the effect of the precedent where the rules were applied. Explanatory synthesis improves the substance of legal writing by combining precedents in a process of inductive reasoning within a deductive reasoning structural paradigm and reveals the factors and policies that determine the outcome of precedent. Classical rhetoric in general, and the writings of Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian in particular, provide substantive support for the TREAT paradigm and the doctrine of explanatory synthesis. Part I of this article will describe the essentials of classical rhetoric and theories of persuasion that are relevant to the discussion. Part II will describe the TREAT paradigm and the doctrine of explanatory synthesis. Part III will describe how the TREAT format and explanatory synthesis support the tenets of classical rhetoric and its theories of persuasion.
Nanoporous Superhydrophobic Coatings that Promote the Extended Release of Water-Labile Quorum Sensing Inhibitors and Enable Long-Term Modulation of Quorum Sensing in Staphylococcus aureus.

Materials and coatings that inhibit bacterial colonization are of interest in a broad range of biomedical, environmental, and industrial applications. In view of the rapid increase in bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics, the development of new strategies that target nonessential pathways in bacterial pathogens—and that thereby limit growth and reduce virulence through nonbiocidal means—has attracted considerable attention. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) represents one such target, and is intimately connected to virulence in many human pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that the properties of nanoporous, polymer-based superhydrophobic coatings can be exploited to host and subsequently sustain the extended release of potent and water-labile peptide-based inhibitors of QS (QSIs) in Staphylococcus aureus. Our results demonstrate that these peptidic QSIs can be released into surrounding media for periods of at least 8 months, and that they strongly inhibit agr-based QS in S. aureus for at least 40 day...
Multimodal integration of voice and ink for pervasive computing

The acceptance of a standard VoiceXML format has facilitated the development of voice applications, and we anticipate a similar facilitation of pen application development upon the acceptance of a standard InkXML format. In this paper we present a multimodal interface architecture that combines standardized voice and ink formats to facilitate the creation of robust and efficient multimodal systems, particularly for noisy mobile environments. The platform provides a Web interactive system for generic multimodal application development. By providing mutual disambiguation of input signals and superior error handling this architecture should broaden the spectrum of users to the general population, including permanently and temporarily disabled users. Integration of VoiceXML and InkXML provides a standard data format to facilitate Web based development and content delivery. Diverse applications ranging from complex data entry and text editing applications to Web transactions can be implemented on this system, and we present a prototype platform and sample dialogues.
18S ribosomal RNA gene phylogeny for some Rhabditidae related to Caenorhabditis.

We have investigated the molecular evolution of the nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA genes (18S rDNA) from a set of nematodes in the family Rhabditidae (Nematoda: Secernentea). Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of this gene for molecular systematics of this family, as well as to establish phylogenetic relationships within a group that has potential for comparative studies of the relationship between development and evolution. We determined the 18S rDNA sequences of nine species of nematodes representing six genera within this family (Caenorhabditis briggsae, C. vulgaris, C. remanei, Rhabditis blumi, Rhabditis sp. br, Rhabditella axei, Pellioditis typica. Teratorhabditis palmarum, and Pelodera strongyloides dermatitica). Using hypothetical models for secondary structure as well as nucleotide similarity, these sequences were aligned with the 18S rDNA sequence published by Ellis et al. for C. elegans and with the partial sequences published by Nadler for eight ascaridoid species. We find that 18S rDNA is likely to be a useful tool to resolve relationships at the intrafamilial level. However, 18S rDNA sequences cannot be used to resolve relationships between taxa as closely related as the Caenorhabditis species. Parsimony, minimum-evolution, and maximum-likelihood methods strongly reject Andrassy's proposed phylogenetic classification based on adult morphological characters but support that of Sudhaus as one alternative of a few possible phylogenies. Distances between genera in this family are about eight times as great as distances between tetrapod classes, suggesting rapid rates of substitution, ancient divergence, or both.
Minimaximin results with applications to economic equilibrium

Abstract Abstract theorems are proved that can be used to establish the existence of a free disposal equilibrium in some infinite dimensional models of the economy. The results generalize those previously proved in that they apply to concave–convex functions rather than bilinear functions and excess demand correspondence dedicated to Professor Heinz Konig rather than excess demand functions.
Surfactant Cytotoxicity Potential Evaluated with Primary Cultures of Ocular Tissues: a Method for the Culture of Rabbit Conjunctival Epithelial Cells and Initial Cytotoxicity Studies

Rabbit conjunctiva, cornea, and iris have been used to evaluate and rank the ocular irritation potential of chemicals in the Draize eye irritancy test by subjective criteria. In order to rank the irritancy potential of chemicals objectively and biochemically, a primary culture method for rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells has been developed in our laboratory as a potential in vitro method for ocular toxicity testing of xenobiotics. Conjunctival epithelial cells were dispersed by Dispase II, followed by trypsin treatment. Cells were cultured in serum-free medium of 1:1 ratio of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and F-12 nutrient mixture plus various concentrations of growth factors. At a plating density of 85,000 cells/cm2, cells grew to confluency in 3-4 days. Conjunctival cells showed a positive anti-keratin antibody stain which demonstrated their epithelial nature. These cells also showed positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining which is consistent with their goblet cell-containing and muc...
Mushroom Guides: The Wrong Book Could Be Deadly

The following reviews are intended to help take some of the mystery and terror out of selecting guides to edible fungi for the amateur. The books chosen for review are all in print; several have been available for seventy years. Mushrooming has been of interest to humans since the beginning of time. Lately, however, this interest has increased as more people become interested in all types of foraging. This increased interest is part of our national interest in the out‐of‐doors.
Distribution of brain metastases: implications for non-uniform dose prescriptions.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the disease-specific distribution of brain metastases and, using radiobiological modelling, estimate how these anatomical tendencies might be exploited when delivering prophylactic whole-brain radiotherapy for small cell lung cancer in complete remission. Methods: Disease-specific brain metastasis atlases were created by mapping brain metastases to a standard image set from a database of patients who were to receive external beam radiation therapy. The specific diseases investigated included lung (both small cell and non-small cell), breast, renal and gynaecological cancers as well as melanoma. Radiobiological modelling was used to estimate how much improvement, in terms of the metastasis-free rate at 3 years, might be possible with non-uniform dose distributions if there are spatial biases in the incidence of micrometastases from small cell lung cancer. Results: For lung and breast cancer, there was an increased probability of cerebellar metastases compa...
Rumours from the cauldron: Competition among feminist writers

Abstract Why have feminists been silent about competition among women? Most of us feel a personal distress and a political confusion when we acknowledge such rivalry. Is competition antithetical to feminism? Competition among women writers is a highly charged topic because literature is a peculiarly public project from a particularly private endeavor. This paper is written to open the issue for discussion within the larger feminist forum. Here I suggest that women cannot win by competing in an androcentric system. To clearly understand competition, we will want to distinguish between competitive feelings and the process or competition, between suffering and virtue, between criticism and conflict and between competition for patriarchal fame and status and an internal competition for artistic excellence. I suggest that many of us get caught in envy or our own fears of ambition or our skewed ideas about literary criticism. In addition, the essay criticizes the notion of art as magic. I discuss writing as labor, suggesting that writers confront publishers about wages and working conditions rather than compete with each other for limited resources. Having examined competitiveness within the androcentric system more clearly, can we find any ways for competition to serve us? Is it possible to go back to the Latin root of compete (to meet, to strive together) and develop a ‘feminist competition’ which allows for both individual and collective progress?
Reliability Analysis of Computer Systems Using Dataflow Graph Models

We use dataflow graphs to represent the computational structure, analogous to Petri nets and Turing machines, and have developed a method for analyzing the reliability of computer systems modeled as dataflow graphs. Because of the hierarchical nature of dataflow graphs, systems can be analyzed at several levels of abstraction. Reliabilities of subgraphs can be calculated using either traditional techniques or dataflow approach presented here (recursively). The reliabilities of subgraphs can then be combined leading to decomposition-aggregation approach. The time needed for an actor to complete its operation is not included in our analysis of dataflow graphs. Incorporation of the time element compounds the problem and we have not studied it yet.
Infant Sucking Response Patterns as a Conjugate Function of Changes in the Sound Pressure Level of Auditory Stimuli.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a procedure for testing the auditory capabilities of neonates. A schematic circuit diagram of an electronic pressure nipple (pacifier) is presented. This n...
Polymer nanofibre junctions of attolitre volume serve as zeptomole-scale chemical reactors

Performing chemical reactions on ultra-small scales is important in a number of disciplines. Now, it has been shown that a junction formed by fusing two polymer nanowires preloaded with reactants provides an effective attolitre-volume in which reactions can be conducted on a zeptomole (10−21 mol) scale.
Elastic lenses in the Earth

Seismic waves in the earth's crust and mantle are known to be sensitive to density contrasts over large volumes of rock, which contrasts tend to cause focusing effects. The end results of such effects observed at seismograph stations are hard to detect unless sufficient arrivals are sampled. It is a common fault to confuse such effects with those of local structures and properties. In a study of teleseismic, short-period (1 s) P-wave travel-time residuals and variations of amplitudes in western North America. R. Butler of the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics has found a high level of correlation to which he attributes qualitatively the focusing and defocusing of seismic waves (Nature, December 15, 1983). The correlation indicating that slow travel times relate to higher, and fast travel times to lower, amplitudes of seismic waves measured in western North America. Conversely, faster travel times and higher amplitudes are generally observed in eastern North America (defined as stations located east of the Rocky Mountain front). Although there may be less attenuation of seismic waves in the upper mantle beneath eastern North America, indications are that the degree of attenuation is highly variable. According to Butler, “On the large scale, the variations between western and eastern North America are probably rooted in lateral differences in temperature. Higher temperatures beneath the tectonically active west produce higher attentuation of P-waves, lower velocities in the upper mantle, and high surface heat flow.” The focusing and defocusing effects of low and high velocity lenses, respectively, may be most effecitive if such lensese are located close to a seismic station. Butler noted that lenses, or anomalous regions, must have dimensions of one or more wavelengths of a P-wave, which translates to a minimum dimension in the earth of 6–8 km (for 1-s period waves). Positive correlations have been observed characteristically over large seismic arrays, suggeting the existence of lenses of several tens of square kilometers in cross section.
Regional and total body active heating and cooling of a resting diver in water of varied temperatures

Passive insulations alone are not sufficient for maintaining underwater divers in thermal balance or comfort. The purpose of this study was to experimentally determine the active heating and cooling requirements to keep a diver at rest in thermal balance and comfort in water temperatures between 10 and 40 ◦ C. A diver wearing a prototype tubesuit and a wetsuit (3 or 6.5mm foam neoprene) was fully submersed (0.6m) in water at a specified temperature (10, 20, 30 and 40 ◦ C). During immersion, the tubesuit was perfused with 30 ◦ C water at a flow rate of 0.5Lmin −1 to six individual body regions. An attempt was made to keep skin temperatures below 42 ◦ C in hot water (>30 ◦ C) and elevated but below 32 ◦ C in cold water (<20 ◦ C). A skin temperature of 32 ◦ C is the threshold for maximal body thermal resistance due to vasoconstriction. Skin temperatures and core temperature were monitored during immersion to ensure they remained within set thermal limits. In addition skin heat flux, oxygen consumption and the thermal exchange of the tubesuit were measured. In both wetsuit thicknesses there was a linear correlation between the thermal exchange of the tubesuit and ambient water temperature. In the 6.5mm wetsuit −214W to 242W of heating (−) and cooling (+) was necessary in 10 ◦ Ct o 40 ◦ C water, respectively. In the 3mm wetsuit −462 to 342W was necessary in 10 ◦ Ct o 40 ◦ C water, respectively. It was therefore concluded that a diver at rest can be kept in thermal balance in 10‐40 ◦ C water with active heating and cooling.
Effect of hypoxia on fetal cephalic blood flow, cephalic metabolism and the electroencephalogram.

Abstract The effect of hypoxia on fetal cephalic blood flow, cephalic metabolism, and EEG was studied in 17 sheep experiments. Hypoxia was induced by ventilating the ewe with 7.5% oxygen and terminated after the onset of the isoelectric stage of the fetal EEG. Oxygen tension in the carotid artery decreased from a mean of 17.5 ± 0.7 mm Hg prior to hypoxia to a mean of 4.8 ± 0.3 mm Hg at the onset of the isoelectric stage. The pH in the carotid artery decreased significantly as a result of a rise in lactate concentration. Carbon dioxide tension remained unchanged. Cephalic blood flow increased during hypoxia because of a decrease in cephalic vascular resistance. Cephalic perfusion pressure was unchanged. The cephalic metabolic rate for oxygen decreased markedly, that for glucose decreased significantly as a result of a decrease in glucose concentration in the carotid artery, that for lactate increased during hypoxia while the CMR for pyruvate and amino acid was unchanged. The observations suggest that the onset of the isoelectric stage of the EEG occurred in association with oxygen deprivation and lactate accumulation. The lactate accumulated as a result of actual uptake and production by the cephalus during hypoxia rather than by a failure of cephalic perfusion.
Phantoms following breast amputation

Abstract Of 203 women with unilateral mastectomy, 33.5 per cent reported phantom of the missing breast. For those with left mastectomy, the incidence of phantom was significantly higher in younger women. Premenopausal women in general, regardless of age, also demonstrated a significantly greater incidence of breast phantom. The following significant results were obtained concerning the character of the phantom: (a) Phantoms after left mastectomy appeared earlier than those after right, (b) the longer the neoplasm existed prior to mastectomy, the longer the subsequent phantom existed post-operatively, (c) older Ss at time of mastectomy retained phantoms longer, and (d) phantoms of the nipple were paresthetic more often than those of the total breast, which were more frequently perceived as natural. Variables not significantly associated with phantom incidence included: (a) Duration of preoperative breast neoplasm, (b) preoperative quality of breast sensations, (c) breast volume, (d) number of breast-fed children, (e) time between mastectomy and interview.
Comparative cardiac oxygen radical metabolism by anthracycline antibiotics, mitoxantrone, bisantrene, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide, and neocarzinostatin☆

This study examined the effects of various anthracycline antibiotics and mitoxantrone, bisantrene, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA), and neocarzinostatin on oxygen radical formation by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and submitochondrial particles. Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, rubidazone, and aclacinomycin A stimulated superoxide production by both heart fractions in a dose-dependent fashion that appeared to follow saturation kinetics. The anthracycline drugs also significantly increased hydrogen peroxide production by heart sarcosomes and submitochondrial particles. On the other hand, mitoxantrone, bisantrene, m-AMSA, and neocarzinostatin did not significantly enhance cardiac reactive oxygen metabolism. Thus, it is unlikely that the mechanism of the cardiac toxicity produced by mitoxantrone and m-AMSA in patients previously treated with anthracycline drugs can be directly related to oxidation-reduction cycling catalyzed by cardiac flavin dehydrogenases.
Marketing's "Nemesis" Demystified: Facilitating the Marketing-Engineering Interface Through Student Work teams

One key experience found in the "real world" but not easily replicated in the undergraduate classroom is that of working in a cross-functional work team—a skill favored in the contemporary work environment. This study presents a discussion of experiences from involving undergraduate sections enrolled in the capstone course for marketing majors on a sponsored team competition for engineering students. This experience allows for actual cross-functional interactions between the two student groups. Metrics indicating the success of the experience and suggestions for educators to engage their students in this type of experience are provided.
Branching brownian motion with absorption

Abstract We consider a branching diffusion { Z t } t ⩾0 in which particles move during their life time according to a Brownian motion with drift -μ and variance coefficient σ 2 , and in which each particle which enters the negative half line is instantaneously removed from the population. If particles die with probability c d t + o (d t ) in [ t , t +d t ] and if the mean number of offspring per particle is m >1, then Z t dies out w.p.l. if μ⩾μ 0 ≡{2σ 2 c(m−1)} 1 2 . If μ μ 0 , then itZ t grows exponentially with positive probability. Our main concern here is with the critical case where μ = μ 0 . Even though E { Z T }∽ const. T − 3 2 in this case, we find that P { Z T >0} is only exp {– const. T 1 3 +0( log T) 2 } , and conditionally on { Z T >0} there are with high probability much fewer particles alive at time T than E {Z T |Z T 0} .
A Study of the Bleaching of Blue Cotton Fiber

The apparent cause and location of the color in blue cotton has been studied. The color which appeared to be located in the lumen was not particularly resistant to conventional scour ing and bleaching agents. The controlling factor in the bleaching of blue cotton appeared to be lack of access to the blue color in the lumen by the treating solution. No ready means of rapid access to the lumen of the whole fiber was found. Diffusion of the blue coloration through the fiber appeared to occur slowly when the fiber was placed in a mildly alkaline bath at elevated temperatures. A bibliography is given.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is Upregulated in Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is implicated in carcinogenesis. In this study we examined the expression of ICAM-1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We hypothesized that ICAM-1 correlates with indicators of tumor aggressiveness in PTC.
The Accounting Standards Setting Process in the U.S.: Examination of the SEC–FASB Relationship

In the U.S. there is a close relationship between the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a governmental agency legally responsible for setting accounting standards, and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), a private sector body to whom the SEC has delegated this responsibility. In this paper we examine the influence of the SEC on the FASB as evidenced by all major statements issued by the FASB. Minor statements, amendments, and strictly technical pronouncements were omitted because of their limited exposure to the political process. Our analysis reveals that the SEC applied substantial pressure on the FASB in the standard setting process and has not adopted a position of benign neglect.
Effects of hydrogen on the barrier height of a titanium Schottky diode on p-type silicon.

Hydrogen is shown to play an important role in chemically prepared semiconductor surfaces covered by metals. The stability in air of a hydrogen-terminated silicon surface is such that one should be able to form an ideal Schottky contact after metal evaporation. An ideal Ti Schottky contact on chemically prepared p-type silicon is observed after hydrogen is drifted away from the metal-semiconductor interface by reverse-bias low-temperature annealing. It is argued that the observed degraded electrical properties of chemically prepared Schottky contacts result from the effects of the entry of hydrogen into the silicon and hydrogen passivation (deactivation) of dopant atoms.
A Commitment Approach to Understanding Group Exit: When Will an Ex-Member Want to Rejoin a Former Group?:

A commitment framework based on Moreland and Levine's theory of socialization in groups (Levine & Moreland, 1994; Moreland & Levine, 1982, 2000) is applied to the previously neglected problem of group exit. Specifically, an ex-member's desire to rejoin a former group is predicted from two factors: (1) the ex-member's commitment to his or her former group; and (2) the ex-member's perception of his or her former group's commitment to him or her. This framework is tested using both recollections of real-life experiences and experimentally constructed groups. Results suggest that an ex-member's desire to rejoin a former group is determined most proximally by the ex-member's commitment to the former group, but that the ex-member's commitment can be affected by perceptions of the former group's commitment. These results suggest that Moreland and Levine's framework provides a viable theory-based starting point for more extensive study of group exit.
Sodwanone and Yardenone Triterpenes from a South African Species of the Marine Sponge Axinella Inhibit Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) Activation in both Breast and Prostate Tumor Cells

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that promotes tumor cell adaptation and survival under hypoxic conditions. HIF-1 is currently recognized as an important molecular target for anticancer drug discovery. A T47D breast tumor cell-based reporter assay was used to evaluate the NCI Open Repository of marine invertebrates and algae lipid extracts for HIF-1 inhibitory activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of an active extract from Axinella sp. yielded seven new sodwanone triterpenoids [3-epi-sodwanone K (1), 3-epi-sodwanone K 3-acetate (2), 10,11-dihydrosodwanone B (4), sodwanones T-W (3, 7, 8, 9)], the new yardenone triterpene 12R-hydroxyyardenone (10), and the previously reported compounds sodwanone A (5), sodwanone B (6), and yardenone (11). The structures and relative configurations of these Axinella metabolites were determined spectroscopically. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the modified Mosher ester procedure. Sodwanone V (8) inhibited both hypoxia-induced and iron chelator (1,10-phenanthroline)-induced HIF-1 activation in T47D breast tumor cells (IC50 15 microM), and 8 was the only sodwanone that inhibited HIF-1 activation in PC-3 prostate tumor cells (IC50 15 microM). Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 5 inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation in T47D cells (IC50 values 20-25 microM). Compound 2 was cytotoxic to T47D cells (IC50 22 microM), and 8 showed cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells (IC50 23 microM).
How low can you go: quality effects of an anti-CD4 antibody

In this issue of Blood , Kim and colleagues demonstrate that zanolimumab offers promise for treating refractory early- and advanced-stage mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are malignancies of skin-homing T cells with the most common subtype, mycosis
Oestradiol stimulates growth of oestrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in immunodeficient mice by reducing cell loss

Growth stimulation by oestrogens in immunodeficient mice is characteristically restricted to tumours expressing oestrogen receptors (ER). We now describe oestrogen-stimulated growth of the ER-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, subclone 10A. Cell culture experiments confirmed that 10A cells are unresponsive to a wide concentration range of oestradiol (E2) in vitro. Analysis of growth curves in vivo revealed significantly longer tumour volume doubling times for the control group than for the E2-treated group. Cell cycle studies using in vivo labelling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and flow cytometric analysis showed essentially equal potential doubling times for controls and E2-treated animals. These results suggest that E2 reduces cell loss, rather than stimulating proliferation. E2-stimulated growth was seen in both natural killer (NK) cell producing athymic (nude) mice and congenitally NK cell deficient beige nude mice. We conclude that E2-induced natural killer cell suppression is an unlikely mechanism of action.
Use of galactosyltransferase to assess the biological function of O-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine: a potential role for O-GlcNAc during cell division.

Abstract Many cytosolic and nuclear proteins are modified by monomeric O-linked N-acetyl- d -glucosamine (O-GlcNAc). The biological functions of this form of glycosylation are unclear but evidence suggests that it heightens regulation of protein function. To assess the biological function of O-GlcNAc addition, we examined the biological effects of galactosyltransferase (GalT) microinjected into the cytoplasm of Xenopus ovarian oocytes. GalT, which catalyzes β1-4-galactose addition to O-GlcNAc, should inhibit deglycosylation and lectin-like interactions requiring unmodified O-GlcNAc residues. Although GalT injection into diplotene-arrested oocytes has no detectable effects on cell viability, it is toxic to oocytes entering meiosis. Cell-cycle-specific toxicity is recapitulated in vitro as GalT inhibits formation of nuclei and microtubule asters from cell-free extracts of ovulated frog eggs. These observations suggest that regulation of O-GlcNAc is important for cell cycle progression and may be important in diseases in which O-GlcNAc metabolism is abnormal. The methods described here outline a viable experimental scheme for ascribing a biological function to this form of glycosylation.
Effect of intermittent physiologic hyperglucagonemia on postprandial plasma glucose levels in normal man.

The ability of glucagon to impair glucose tolerance has been questioned by studies involving infusion of exogenous glucagon during a glucose load. Since such hormone administration may not reflect the physiologic pattern of glucagon secretion and may result in hepatic downregulation to glucagon, the present experiments have examined the effects of intermittent andogenous hyperglucagonemia (induced by episodic infusion of arginine) on plasma glucose profiles of normal man following ingestion of mixed meals. In control studies following meal ingestion, plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon increased respectively 15–30 mg/dl, 30–60 uU/ml and 25–50 pg/ml. When meals were accompanied by arginine infusions, plasma glucagon responses were augmented three to fourfold (p < 0.05). Amplitudes of glycemic excursions during infusion of arginine (345 ± 40 mg/dl) were significantly augmented compared to those observed in control studies (286 ± 34 mg/dl, p < 0.02). These results indicate that intermittent increases in plasma glucagon within the physiologic range can adversely affect postprandial glucose profiles in normal man despite concomitant hyperinsulinemia and suggest that such hyperglucagonemia may contribute to impaired postprandial glucose tolerance in diabetic individuals in whom insulin secretion is deficient.
A Study of Binary Phospholipid Mixtures at the Air−Water Interface Using Infrared Reflection−Absorption Spectroscopy and 2D IR βν Correlation Analysis†

Infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) in combination with isotopic substitution and a modified 2D IR correlation analysis procedure were used to study the dynamics of phospholipid acyl chain structure in both an ideal and a nonideal binary monolayer mixture spread at the air−water (A/W) interface. The ideal mixture consisted of a 1:2 molar ratio of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-d62-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC-d62), whereas the nonideal mixture consisted of a 1:2 molar ratio of 1,2-dilignoceroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLiPC) and DPPC-d62. The IRRAS spectra were interpreted using standard 2D IR methods as well as a modified two-dimensional correlation analysis called βν correlation analysis. In a βν correlation analysis, the effective phase angle (βe) is determined for the signal variations in a discrete set of dynamic spectra at each spectral frequency. The βe values are then used to quantitatively establish the relative rates of intensity ...
Matrix metalloproteinase-mediated disruption of tight junction proteins in cerebral vessels is reversed by synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in focal ischemia in rat

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during reperfusion. Occludin and claudins are recently described tight junction proteins (TJPs) that form the BBB. We hypothesized that the opening of the BBB was because of the degradation of TJPs by the MMPs. Spontaneously hypertensive rats had a 90 mins middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion for 2, 3, or 24 h. Matrix metalloproteinases were measured by immunohistochemistry and in situ and gel zymography. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measured mRNAs of MMP-2 and -9, furin, membrane-type MMP (MT1-MMP), occludin, and claudin-5. There was opening of the BBB in the piriform cortex after 3 h of reperfusion, and an MMP inhibitor, BB-1101 (30 mg/kg), prevented the opening. At 3 h, in situ zymograms showed gelatinase activity. Zymography and PCR showed greater increases in MMP-2 than in MMP-9. There were increased mRNA and immunohistochemistry for MT1-MMP and furin, which activate MMP-2. Claudin-5 and occludin mRNA expression decreased at 2 h in both hemispheres with fragments of both proteins seen on Western blot by 3 h on the ischemic side; treatment with BB-1101 reversed the degradation of the TJPs. Immunohistochemistry at 3 h showed fragmented TJPs within the endothelial cell clefts. By 24 h, in situ zymography showed gelatinase activity and gel zymography showed elevated levels of MMP-9. Disrupted TJPs previously seen in endothelial cells appeared in the surrounding astrocytes. Our results provide direct evidence that MMPs open the BBB by degrading TJPs and that an MMP inhibitor prevents degradation of the TJPs by MMPs.
Study of catalase in erythrocytes and bacteria. II. Catalase activity of erythrocytes from different species of normal animals and from normal humans.

Abstract Determinations were made of the catalase activity of erythrocytes from 231 humans, 106 cattle, and 10–39 each of seven other mammalian species. A small number of individuals of two avian species were also included for comparative purposes. All of the individuals examined were apparently in a normal state of health. The erythrocytes of individuals of the species examined in this study have shown the following ranges of catalase indices: humans, 219–480; cattle, 53–148; horses, 68–114; sheep, 10–14; swine, 84–168; dogs, 3–18; rabbits, 147–271; guinea pigs, 50–299; rats, 67–82. There was no significant change in the catalase index of erythrocytes of several humans examined at intervals for 15 months. The catalase index of erythrocytes from cattle was shown to increase with age. A very wide range of catalase index values was found in guinea pigs and dogs. Studies made on erythrocytes from two guinea pigs, beginning 5 days after birth and extending over a 6-month period, showed that the initial high or low catalase value remained relatively constant.
Synthesis and Energetic Properties of 4,4′,5,5′‐Tetranitro‐2,2′‐biimidazolate(N4BIM) Salts

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of several salts of 4,4′,5,5′-tetranitro-2,2′-biimidazolate (N4BIM). Each of the salts were characterized chemically, thermally, morphologically, as well as with respect to destructive stimuli (impact, electrostatic discharge, friction, thermal). These salts show promise as propellant ingredient additives, and in particular, the bis-triaminoguanidinium salt of N4BIM displays excellent burn rate and combustion behavior. Our combustion studies have shown that TAGN4BIM displays a fast burning rate and has the lowest pressure dependence exponent yet measured for a triaminoguanidinium salt.
Acute colonic obstruction from Ladd bands: a unique complication from intestinal malrotation

In patients with intestinal malrotation, Ladd bands are known to cause obstruction of the duodenum and small bowel. However, acute obstruction of the colon from Ladd bands has not been previously described. We report a case of complete obstruction of the hepatic flexure of the colon secondary to a Ladd band in a previously healthy teenage boy.
Effect of Sample Size of Needle Felt on its Strength Measurement

Strength and elongation are two important parameters for evaluating the durability property of needle felt which is now widely used for the air pollution control. It is necessary to measure them as reasonable as possible. The paper researches on the effect of sample size on the strength measurement of needle felt. The results show that sample width of 5cm and sample length of 20cm are suitable value for strength measurement of needle felt and sample length has a bigger effect on strength measurement of needle felt than sample width.
Diabetes in a Totally Depancreatized Man.

Conclusions(1) The pancreas, or its hormone, insulin, is necessary to life in the human. (2) On the basis of the present case and others previously reported,2-5 the insulin output of the normal human pancreas must be considerably smaller than has been believed and seems to lie in the range of 30 to 50 units per day. Therefore, (3) in diabetic patients requiring more than this amount, an extrainsular factor must be contributing to the diabetic syndrome. (4) The D/N, ratio of from 2.42 to 3.59 indicates that a fasting, depancreatized man deprived of insulin converts protein to carbohydrate at a rate commensurate with that observed in the dog under the same conditions6 or when treated with phloridzin.7