cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and Effective Epistemology

Most philosophical interest in artificial intelligence arises in the areas of philosophy of mind and philosophy of psychology. The idea is that artificial intelligence is an attempt at an existence proof for the computational theory of mind. If one can write a computer program that has the input-output behavior of a being generally agreed to have a mind (e.g. a human), then we have evidence that cognition is somehow nothing more than computation.
Abstract 2116: Tumor-specific effects of estrogen drive a murine model of human estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer bone metastasis independent of bone microenvironment changes

Estrogen receptor α-positive (ER+) breast cancers (BrCAs) have the greatest predilection for forming bone metastases (BMETs). To begin to query ERα9s role in osteolytic BrCA BMET progression, tumoral vs bone microenvironment effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) were determined in a human xenograft murine model of ER+ BrCA BMET. For these studies, naive or 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated female athymic mice aged 4 weeks (young) or 15 weeks (mature) were inoculated with 1x105 human ER+ MCF-7 BrCA cells via the left cardiac ventricle 2 days post-placement of 60-day release E2 pellets (0.05, 0.10, 0.18, 0.36, & 0.72 mg E2). For studies examining E2 effects on bone, MCF-7 cells were not inoculated. Osteolytic lesion formation was assessed by hind limb radiographs, and E2 effects on bone were assessed by DXA (Faxitron), μCT (Scanco), and biochemical markers of bone formation or resorption (P1NP and TRAcP, respectively; Immunodiagnostic Systems). BMET incidence and lesion size in young mice were E2 dose-dependent, achieving 100% incidence at the highest dose tested, with smaller lesions and lower incidence occurring in response to lower doses, and no lesions forming in the absence of E2 even after 8 months. In contrast, E2 effects on the bone microenvironment were not dose dependent, and resulted in identical increases in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume (BV/TV), primarily via an increase in bone formation. To further query the importance of tumoral vs bone effects of E2 in driving ER+ BrCA progression, the tumoral effects of an identical E2 dose (0.72 mg) were compared in the skeletally immature young mice, which accrued increased bone (BV/TV) due to increases in bone formation in response to E2, vs skeletally mature mice, where E2-induced increases in bone were less marked and primarily driven by decreases in bone resorption. In these two very different bone milieus, progression of E2-dependent BMET was identical. While the relative roles of E2-induced tumor cell proliferation vs osteolytic factor secretion cannot be distinguished here, the development of osteolytic lesions similar in size to those occurring in ER- models driven by tumoral secretion of osteolytic factors, despite a marked increase in bone volume, suggests that tumoral effects of E2 may drive osteolytic ER+ BrCA BMET progression in a bone-specific fashion. Citation Format: Julia N. Cheng, Jennifer B. Frye, Susan A. Whitman, Andrew G. Kunihiro, Madison M. Egan, Julia A. Brickey, Janet L. Funk. Tumor-specific effects of estrogen drive a murine model of human estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer bone metastasis independent of bone microenvironment changes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2116.
Avoidable visits to the emergency department(ED) and their association with sex, age and race in a cohort of low socio-economic status patients on hemodialysis in the Bronx.

Background In national samples drawn from the USRDS, female patients utilize the hospital ED and inpatient services at a higher rate than their male counterparts and have a higher rate of re-hospitalization. We wanted to explore the association of sex with avoidable ED visits made by a cohort of patients on hemodialysis in a mostly minority, lower socioeconomic status (SES), population in the Bronx to test the applicability of the USRDS findings. Methods We used Montefiore's clinical database to build a cohort of patients on hemodialysis with a first ED visit between 2013 and 2017. All ED visits after the index ED visit and those within one year prior to the index visit were recorded. None of the ED visits resulted in a hospitalization and were thus labeled "avoidable". Bivariate analysis tested the association of demographic and clinical variables with sex. We used negative binomial regression to test the association of each variable with avoidable ED visit count. The multivariate model used negative binomial regression with avoidable ED visit count as outcome and sex as the exposure variable and included ancestral variables age and race. Potential mediators were added to the model to measure their effects on the association of sex with avoidable ED visits. Results Four thousand six hundred and seventy three subjects on hemodialysis were identified as having at least one avoidable ED visit, in the period of 2013-2017 at one of four ED sites affiliated with Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx. Over 5 years (2012-2017), the median number of ED visits made by the study sample was 4 (25-75% IQR: 2-8). Female patients on hemodialysis in our cohort were older, more commonly black, had lower SES scores, less commonly had commercial insurance and were less commonly married than their male counterparts. Female sex was not significantly associated with a higher rate of avoidable ED visits in the total cohort.(1.053(0.99-1.12) Female sex was significantly associated with outcome in non-Hispanic whites only and in those subjects younger than 44 years old.(IRR 1.30(1.06-1.69), 1.17(1.00-1.38) in non-Hispanic White and younger age group, respectively.) Marital status, SES and hemoglobin levels possibly mediated the association of sex and outcome in our population. (>25% change in the coefficient for sex with respect to outcome when variable added to the model). Conclusion In this single center study of a lower-socioeconomic status, mostly minority dialysis population, the association of female sex with avoidable ED visits was not significant. These results suggest the association of sex with hospitalization outcomes, described by national datasets that determine quality indicators, are not consistent across different types of populations with some mediation possible by SES and marital status in poorer neighborhoods.
Cervical spine disease: A possible cause of neuromuscular respiratory failure

Identifying the cause of neuromuscular respiratory failure is essential for guiding therapy and has major prognostic implications.1 The most frequent causes can be easily recognized but diagnosing less common etiologies can be challenging.
Neoliberalism and Social Movements in Latin America: Mobilizing the Resistance

The imposition of the neoliberal imperial order in the early 1980s polarized society and sharpened the contradictions between regions, classes, and ethnic groups. This chapter focuses on the dynamic growth of social movements that organized to recover political space and reverse the regressive capitalist ‘reforms’ imposed from above with the blessing and backing of the United States. The chapter analyzes the revival and buildup of the new class-based movements in the 1990s and the ensuing class and ethnic struggles that culminated in the new millennium in the replacement of the United States’ client neoliberal regimes in the region. From the smoldering embers and the ashes of the Washington Consensus in the first decade of the twenty-first century, there emerged a new, more pragmatic neoliberal order (and several post-neoliberal ones) based on a perceived need to retreat from an unregulated form of free market capitalism and move toward a more inclusive form of development. The conditions needed to bring about this ‘progressive cycle’ in Latin American politics included the activism of social movements in their resistance to the neoliberal policy agenda. These movements, with their social base in the working class, the peasantry, indigenous farming communities, and a semi-proletariat formed in conditions of peripheral capitalism, were responsible not only for bringing about the rejection of neoliberalism as an economic doctrine and a model but also in paving the way for the emergence of a number of post-neoliberal regimes oriented toward inclusionary state activism. These regimes, brought into power or backed by the social movements, shared with these movements a concern for bringing about an alternative form of national development, ‘another world’ beyond neoliberalism—and in some cases (Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela) beyond capitalism (Burdick et al. 2009; Gaudichaud 2012; Cameron and Hershberg 2010; Levitsky and Roberts 2011; Petras and Veltmeyer 2009, 2013; Sader 2011; Silva 2009).
An early look at plug-in electric vehicle adoption in disadvantaged communities in California

Abstract Prior research on plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) adoption has revealed that early adopters tend to be wealthy consumers, this may mean that the benefits of PEVs are not being equitably distributed. Extensive research has shown that low-income and minority commutes are disproportionately impacted by environmental and transportation injustice. PEVs can contribute to importing air quality and could provide lower cost and more reliable transportation to low-income and minority communities if they are deployed there. This paper takes an early quantitative look at PEV adoption in disadvantaged communities (DACs), which are census tracts in California that suffer from a combination of economic barriers and environmental burden. We use six datasets to examine PEV market share, socioeconomic characteristics of PEV owners, and PEV charging infrastructure. Analysis confirms that adoption of both new and used PEVs in DACs occurs at very low rates - 5.7% and 8.7% of all PEV sales, respectively - that are disproportionate with the number of households that reside in these areas. Owners of new or used PEVs in DACs have slightly lower incomes than PEV owners in non-disadvantaged communities. However, as a group they have higher incomes, are higher educated, and fewer are home-renters than the DAC average, indicating that they are not representative of their surrounding community. Encouragingly, charging infrastructure is present in DAC census tracts, suggesting that further PEV adoption could be supported. Additionally, there are higher proportions of used PEVs in DACs than new PEVs, which may indicate potential for adoption of these lower-priced vehicles, however rates of adoption are still low. Despite the considerable benefits that PEVs could offer in DACs, there are still substantial barriers to PEV. Key barriers for policy-makers to continually address are the prohibitive price of the technology, lack of knowledge about or ease of accessing PEV incentives, and lack of access to public or private charging infrastructure located near multi-unit housing.
Personality-Aware Collaborative Learning: Models and Explanations.

Personality traits have been demonstrated as one of the effective human factors in the process of decision making. Personality-aware recommendation models have been built for different applications. However, the models and research for educations are still under investigation. In this paper, we utilize the educational learning as a case study, exploit and summarize different approaches which take advantage of personality traits in collaborative personalized recommendations. Furthermore, we extend the existing personality-aware recommendation models and propose two other alternative recommendation algorithms which can utilize the personality traits. We perform empirical comparisons and studies over an educational data set, and explain the effects of personality from the perspective of the characteristics of each algorithm, in order to discover more insights in the data and models.
Explaining identity and distinctness

This paper offers a metaphysical explanation of the identity and distinctness of concrete objects. It is tempting to try to distinguish concrete objects on the basis of their possessing different qualitative features, where qualitative features are ones that do not involve identity. Yet, this criterion for object identity faces counterexamples: distinct objects can share all of their qualitative features. This paper suggests that in order to distinguish concrete objects we need to look not only at which properties and relations objects instantiate but also how they instantiate these properties and relations. I propose that objects are identical when they stand in certain qualitative relations in virtue of their existence. And concrete objects are distinct when they do not stand in the same kinds of relations to one another in virtue of their existence.
Geriatric Health Experts Validate Oral Neglect Timelines for the Institutionalized Elderly

The purpose of this follow-up Delphi survey was to have an expert panel of 31 academic geriatric physicians, geriatric nurses, and medical directors of nursing homes evaluate the original timeline set to avoid oral neglect of nursing home residents. The Oral Neglect in Institutionalized Elderly (ONiIE) timelines defined oral neglect as having occurred when >7 days for acute oral diseases/conditions or >34 days for chronic oral disease/conditions had passed between initial diagnosis and offering access to dental care to the long-term care (LTC) nursing home resident. The results of this follow-up Delphi survey validated those originally defined ONiIE timelines as 90% of this panel agreed with the original timelines. This ONiIE definition adds a broad-based validation for the ONiIE timelines for setting an oral health standard of care for institutionalized elderly residents of nursing homes and should now be used to protect the vulnerable elderly residing in LTC nursing homes.
Envisioning a Better U.S. Health Care System for All: Reducing Barriers to Care and Addressing Social Determinants of Health

The American College of Physicians (ACP) has long advocated for universal access to high-quality health care in the United States. Yet, it is essential that the U.S. health system goes beyond ensuring coverage, efficient delivery systems, and affordability. Reductions in nonfinancial barriers to care and improvements in social determinants of health are also necessary. This ACP position paper calls for ending discrimination based on personal characteristics; correcting workforce shortages, including the undersupply of primary care physicians; and understanding and ameliorating social determinants of health. The ACP calls for increased efforts to address urgent public health threats, including injuries and deaths from firearms; environmental hazards; climate change; maternal mortality; substance use disorders; and the health risks associated with nicotine, tobacco use, and electronic nicotine delivery systems in order to achieve ACP's vision for a better U.S. health care system.
PERCUTANEOUS TREATMENT OF LVAD KINK, A RARE CAUSE OF PUMP FAILURE!

Due to a limited supply of donor hearts, implantation of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is getting widely accepted. LVAD implantation comes with multiple adverse effects including pump failure. Pump failure due to outflow graft obstruction is an uncommon complication and often requires open
12 – Pore Volume

Publisher Summary Soil not only permits entry of water and nutrients and their storage there, but it also allows wasteful passage past roots. An older method to analyze movement of solutes through the soil is based on measuring pore volumes. This method does not divide the soil water into mobile, θm, and immobile, θim, regions, but considers the water in the soil to be the sum of both, the total volumetric water content, θ. By measuring pore volume, the chapter considers the physical process of the movement of solutes in fluids. It presents information concerning what takes place in a porous medium as one fluid displaces another. To analyze concentration changes of solute in the effluent from a soil column, the chapter presents the data in a standard form called a breakthrough curve. A breakthrough curve is a plot of the ratio C/Co versus the number of pore volumes of effluent collected. Here C is the concentration of the solute found in the effluent (or leachate; the wastewater effluent is not referred to here, but the liquid that comes out of the bottom of a column of soil when it is leached). Co is the initial concentration of the solute in the displacing fluid, and the pore volume Vo is the volume of the porous medium occupied by fluid.
Segmentation of Optic Disc and Optic Cup in Retinal Fundus Images Using Coupled Shape Regression

Accurate segmentation of optic cup and disc in retinal fundus images is required to derive the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) parameter which is the main indicator for Glaucoma assessment. In this paper, we propose a coupled regression method for accurate segmentation of optic cup and disc in retinal colour fundus image. The proposed coupled regression framework consists of a parameter regressor which directly predicts CDR from a given image, as well as an ensemble shape regressor which iteratively estimates the OD-OC boundary by taking into account the CDR estimated by the parameter regressor. The parameter regressor and the shape regressor are then coupled together within a feedback loop so that estimation of one reinforces the other. Both parameter regressor and the ensemble shape regressor are modeled using Boosted Regression Trees. The proposed optic cup and disc segmentation method is applied on an image set of 50 patients and demonstrates high segmentation accuracy. A comparative study shows that our proposed method outperforms state of the art methods for cup segmentation.
The boundary permeability patterns associated with managing private information in family eldercare relationships

The present study utilized the retrospective interview technique to illuminate boundary permeability patterns adult children observed while providing care to their older parent. Twenty-seven indivi...
INGRID: an interactive grid generator for 2D edge plasma modeling

A fusion boundary-plasma domain is defined by axisymmetric magnetic surfaces where the geometry is often complicated by the presence of one or more X-points; and modeling boundary plasmas usually relies on computational grids that account for the magnetic field geometry. The new grid generator INGRID (Interactive Grid Generator) presented here is a Python-based code for calculating grids for fusion boundary plasma modeling, for a variety of configurations with one or two X-points in the domain. Based on a given geometry of the magnetic field, INGRID first calculates a skeleton grid which consists of a small number of quadrilateral patches; then it puts a subgrid on each of the patches, and joins them in a global grid. This domain partitioning strategy makes possible a uniform treatment of various configurations with one or two X-points in the domain. This includes single-null, double-null, and other configurations with two X-points in the domain. The INGRID design allows generating grids either interactively, via a parameter-file driven GUI, or using a non-interactive script-controlled workflow. Results of testing demonstrate that INGRID is a flexible, robust, and user-friendly grid-generation tool for fusion boundary-plasma modeling.
Greenwashed energy transitions: Are US cities accounting for the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of energy resources in climate action plans?

Abstract Across the United States, cities have developed climate action plans (CAPs) to announce and implement climate change mitigation strategies. Seventeen CAPs were selected to determine if and how these plans are accounting for the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with their energy system transitions through document analysis. Each CAP, along with other relevant documents such as GHG inventories, was studied through an analysis matrix of criteria based on life cycle assessment (LCA) best practices, designed to identify how the methodologies used by cities to quantify GHG emissions reductions strategies compare to the LCA approach that encompasses emissions from cradle to grave. A wide range of methods, strategies, and assumptions were observed in how cities plan to achieve GHG reductions associated with energy use. Fourteen of the seventeen CAPs describe renewably sourced electricity as emitting no GHGs, seemingly failing to account for the life cycle impacts of these resources. Further, several reviewed CAPs have set GHG reduction goals that rely on technology that is not currently viable, and/or monetary offset mechanisms, as opposed to implementing climate change mitigation strategies based on comparing the life cycle impacts of alternatives. The results of this qualitative analysis demonstrate the need for standardizing CAP development methods and suggest that current methods in practice may be underestimating energy sector GHG emissions, thus hindering the efficacy of proposed energy system transitions for climate change mitigation.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the Virtual Biopsy of Mesenteric Masses.

ABSTRACT The mesentery may be affected by multiple disease processes. Magnetic resonance imaging aids as a virtual pathological biopsy tool in the assessment of mesenteric masses because of superior soft tissue contrast and characterization. In this comprehensive review, we describe in detail the magnetic resonance imaging features of some solid and cystic mesenteric masses, with an emphasis on lesion-specific signal characteristics on T1- and T2-weighted images, diffusion-weighted imaging, and enhancement features on the dynamic postcontrast phase that aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis.
The Dissimilar Self-Alignment Characteristics of Smaller Passive Components in the Length and Width Directions

Motivation: As passive components’ size gets smaller, quality rejects due to overhang and misalignment after the reflow appear more frequently. This situation is partly because the pass-fail criterion is set based on the offset concerning the component dimensions. Therefore, understanding the self-alignment characteristics of electronic components becomes very critical for surface-mount assembly yield. This research investigates the dissimilarity of self-alignment in the length and width directions. Approach: To avoid the argument of sample to sample variations, data are collected from 81 printed circuit boards (PCB) and 182,250 assembled components. Within a PCB, 25 different solder paste printing offset locations and 81 component placement offset settings are implemented. Component-placement positions before and after the reflow are monitored. The results are compared to identify different component sizes’ self-alignment characteristics in the length and width directions. Key findings: The misalignment of smaller passive components, e.g., R0402M(0.40 mm × 0.20 mm), is worse than the larger component under the identical solder paste printing and component placement conditions. Furthermore, the self-alignment characteristic in the length direction of these passive components, e.g., R0402M, to R1005M (1.00 mm × 0.50 mm) is superior to that of width direction. The observations are not consistent with the results found in earlier research that reported on larger components, e.g., C0402M(0.40 mm × 0.20 mm), to C3216M(3.20 mm × 1.50 mm).
Treating Adolescent ADHD with Medication

Adolescents are a vulnerable patient population experiencing heightened social, academic, and emotional changes which can make them difficult to diagnose and treat. Providers are hesitant to first prescribe medication for adolescent ADHD due to fear of diversion and risk of substance use. However, untreated ADHD may have long-term adverse outcomes including a higher risk of other psychiatric disorders in adulthood, motor vehicle accidents and violations, and other psychiatric disorders later in life (Charach A, Yeung E, Climans T, Lillie E, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:9–21, 2011). In fact, treatment of ADHD can help reduce the risk of substance use (Wilens TE, Faraone SV, Biederman J, Gunawardene S, Pediatrics 111:179–85, 2003). Moreover, treatment with medication has a proven response rate to help control the core symptoms of ADHD. Choice of medication and dosing may seem overwhelming due to the large number of formulations on the market. Cost and family preferences are also important to keep in mind when choosing treatment. This chapter will explore the different classes of medications and considerations for prescribing medications to treat ADHD.
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor: a clinicopathologic analysis of 26 subcutaneous tumors with emphasis on differential diagnosis and prognostic factors.

Introduction Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is rare and may present diagnostic difficulty. We describe 26 subcutaneous examples of OFMT emphasizing differential diagnosis and prognostic features. Methods Histopathology and follow-up data from archival/consultation cases were reviewed. Prognostic features were assessed according to proposed criteria. Results Patients (16 female, 10 male) ranged from 26 to 88 years (median 54). The tumors (median 2.3 cm, range 0.8-8.5) involved lower limb (11), trunk (7), head/neck (4), or arm (4). All showed combinations of corded, nested and trabecular patterns in a fibromyxoid stroma. Out of 26 cases 13 had peripheral ossification. Sixteen of 22 cases showed S100 protein expression. Nuclear grade was low (14); intermediate (8) and high (4) while cellularity was low (14); moderate (7) and high (5), with overall good interobserver agreement. Median mitotic rate was 3/50HPF (0–61). Five met criteria for malignant OFMT showing high nuclear grade or high cellularity and mitotic rate >2/50HPF or both. Thirteen OFMTs were atypical. Follow-up (16/26, median 45.5 months, range 8–108) showed that patients with typical OFMT (3) and atypical OFMT (9) remained disease-free. Three malignant examples of OFMT recurred and one metastasized to the lung. No deaths were recorded. Conclusions Our results validate proposed prognostic classification of OFMT. Dermatopathologists should be aware of this unusual superficial tumor given its potentially aggressive behavior.
Implementing Data Parallel Programs on Commodity Clusters

Parallel computing is moving rapidly from an era of “Big Iron” to a future that will be dominated by systems built from commodity components. Users will be able to construct high-performance systems by clustering off-the-shelf processors using widely available high-speed switches. A key question is how to organize the supporting software to best leverage these commodity hardware systems. We address this question by reviewing two aspects of how to best implement data parallel programs on commodity clusters. We identify research questions that arise at the interface between the network and the user program, and we also explore problems that arise when attempting to utilize multiprocessors as the basic building block for constructing clusters.
The Validity of Dvorak Intensity Change Constraints for Tropical Cyclones

AbstractThe Dvorak technique is used operationally worldwide for tropical cyclone intensity analysis. This study tests Dvorak intensity change constraints, using a database of simultaneous aircraft and satellite fixes for tropical cyclones (TCs) in the 1998–2012 period. Results indicate that, in the vast majority of cases, Dvorak intensity constraints are valid with only a small percentage of strengthening TCs violating the constraints. Of the small sample that broke the constraints, most had initial intensities ranging from moderately strong tropical storms to minimal hurricanes.
Minerals in East-West trade: An overview

Abstract This paper examines recent trends in East-West trade in general. During the later 1960s and early 1970s trade between East and West grew faster than world trade. But after 1976 this growth slowed as trade between Eastern Europe and the West collapsed, although the USSR continued to trade with the West. It is shown that the second oil price rise in 1979 produced enhanced terms of trade for the USSR. The major products traded between East and West are identified and it is noted that the future direction of East-West trade will be profoundly influenced by whether or not the USSR undertakes significant economic reform.
The no-arbitrage condition and financial markets with transaction costs and heterogeneous information

Abstract This paper investigates the implications of the no-arbitrage (NA) condition in markets with transaction costs and heterogeneous information. Dermody and Prisman (1993) showed that, in financial markets with increasing marginal transaction costs, the NA condition is equivalent to the existence of a valuation operator. They explore the exact dependence of this operator on the structure of transaction costs. They show that equilibrium prices in the “corresponding” perfect markets plus a certain factor determine the valuation operator in markets with increasing marginal transaction costs. This paper emphasizes that their result is applicable to financial markets with decreasing marginal transaction costs. Furthermore, this paper shows that, in financial markets with transaction costs and heterogeneous information, the NA condition imposes a constraint on the bid-ask spread.
Low dimensional homology of linear groups over Hensel local rings

We prove that if R is a Hensel local ring with infinite residue field k, the natural map H_i(GL(n,R),Z/p) ---> H_i(GL(n,k),Z/p) is an isomorphism for i <=3, p distinct from char(k). This implies rigidity for H_i(GL_n), i <=3, which in turn implies the Friedlander-Milnor conjecture in positive characteristic in degrees <=3.
An introduction to the Cenozoic tectonics of the Japan arc

Aun cuando no se conoce con precision la fecha en que comenzo la apertura del Mar del Japon, esta probablemente comenzo hace Ma. La deformacion del arco japones entre y Ma hasta hace 5 Ma se llevo a cabo como una respuesta a su cabalgadura sobre la placa Pacifico. La colision de la placa del Mar de Filipinas contra el SW de Japon (1) detuvo el esparcimiento tanto en el mar de Japon como en la Cuenca de Shikoku hace 15 Ma, (2) formo una junta triple de trincheras frente a las costas del Japon central y (3) dividio el arco en los arcos del SW y NE de Japon. El arco del SW de Japon ha estado sujeto a deformacion compresional desde este evento, mientras que en el arco del SW y NE de Japon se llevo a cabo un cambio de deformacion compresional a extensional que comenzo durante el Plioceno.
Osteomyelitis of the sternum caused by Apophysomyces elegans

Apophysomyces elegans, a member of the family Mucoraceae, was found to infect the chest wall and sternum of an immunocompetent man following minor trauma. As in previous cases, amphotericin B therapy alone was inadequate. Extensive surgical debridement was required in order to eradicate the infection.
Finite Permutation Groups

The theory of finite permutation groups is the oldest branch of group theory, many parts of it having been developed in the nineteenth century. However, despite its antiquity, the subject continues to be an active field of investigation.
Evaluation of a multiple-model failure detection system for the F-16 in a full-scale nonlinear simulation

A multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) algorithm is implemented with the fully nonlinear six-degree-of-motion, simulation rapid-prototyping facility (SRF) VISTA F-16 software simulation tool. The algorithm is composed of a bank of Kalman filters modeled to match particular hypotheses of the real world. Each presumes a single failure in one of the flight-critical actuators, or sensors, and one presumes no failure. The algorithm is demonstrated to be capable of identifying flight-critical aircraft actuator and sensor failures at a low dynamic pressure (20,000 ft, .4 Mach). Research considers single hardover failures. Tuning methods for accommodating model mismatch, including addition of discrete dynamics pseudonoise and measurement pseudonoise, are discussed and demonstrated. Robustness to sensor failures provided by MMAE-based control is also demonstrated.
Attitude Stabilization with Unknown Bounded Delay in Feedback Control Implementation

This paper addresses the problem of stabilizing attitude dynamics with an unknown constant delay in feedback with a known strict upper bound. A novel modification to the concept of the complete-type Lyapunov―Krasovskii functional plays a crucial role toward ensuring stability robustness to time delay in the control design. The control law is linear in states, and the resulting closed-loop equations are partitioned to form a nominal system with a perturbation. After obtaining necessary and sufficient exponential stability conditions for the nominal system, a complete-type Lyapunov―Krasovskii functional is constructed. As an intermediate step, an analytical solution for the underlying Lyapunov matrix is obtained. A systematic numerical optimization process is employed here to choose various controller gain parameters so that the region of attraction estimate is maximized. The closed-loop dynamics are shown to be exponentially stable inside the region of attraction estimate. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first result that provides stable closed-loop control design for the attitude dynamics problem with an unknown delay in feedback.
Spermotoxicity and tissue accumulation of chlordecone (Kepone) in male rats.

Adult male rats were fed diets containing 0, 5, 15, and 30 ppm chlordecone for 90 d and then either bred to untreated females or sacrificed for terminal studies. Chlordecone residues in liver, fat, and serum were determined in the treated males. Reproductive performance was unaffected, and no histologic changes in the male sex organs could be attributed to chlordecone treatment Reversible decreases in the motility and viability of epldidymal spermatozoa and decreased sperm reserves in the cauda epididymidis were observed in rats fed 15 or 30 ppm. No effect on sperm morphology or on sperm concentration in epididymal fluid was detected. Chlordecone accumulation in tissues was linearly related to dietary levels, with the highest chlordecone concentration occurring in the liver.
Pixley-Roy spaces over subsets of the reals

Abstract E. van Douwen, and later M. Wage, asked whether the Pixley-Roy space over the irrationals is homeomorphic to the Pixley-Roy space over the reals. We show that the answer is ‘no’ in the following way: the reals satisfy the Hurewicz property, while the irrationals do not; we define ‘weakly Hurewicz’ in a natural way and show that this property distinguishes the corresponding Pixley-Roy spaces. Similar methods are used to distinguish other special subsets of metric spaces such as C ″-sets, γ-sets, and those satisfying a certain game characterization.
Lymphocyte characteristics in rheumatic patients and the effect of azathioprine therapy.

T- and B-lymphocytes were enumerated in 46 normal subjects, and in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 4 with psoriatic arthritis by the following cell markers: spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosettes (early and late), complement-receptor and aggregated gamma globulin receptor lymphocytes. The results of these studies were compared to those from 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 7 with psoriatic arthritis on varying doses of azathioprine. The proportions of T and B cells in all groups were essentially similar. Neither was there any change in the density gradient distribution and response to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Because azathioprine led to lymphopenia in these patients, it was concluded that immunosuppression was induced by decreasing the absolute numbers of normal T- and B-cells rather than by a selective effect on either one. In contrast some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on azathioprine had a lower proportion of T-cells than normal. This was probably independent of the effect of azathioprine.
From “…of religion” to “Psychology of…”: Commentary on Ann Taves’ Religious Experience Reconsidered

Abstract I arasuggest that Taves' prescription for Religious Studies and related fields comprises a shift in perspective for approaching the psychology of religion, from an of‐religion perspective to a psychology‐of perspective, and that this reframing has a number of important and promising implications for future progress. I then use this perspective‐shift characterization to extend and comment upon Taves' discussion of several key issues, including the distinction between ascriptive and sui‐generis models of religion, the need for a building‐block approach to religion and religious experience, and the problem of defining religion
Dynamic and equilibrium swelling behaviour of pH-sensitive hydrogels containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate

The equilibrium and dynamic swelling behaviour of hydrogels containing methacrylic acid or various acrylamides was studied as a function of copolymer composition. In all cases, the comonomer was 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate or N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. It is shown that pH-sensitive behaviour with a wide range of swelling ratios could be obtained using a range of compositional changes. The dynamic swelling behaviour was a function of the acidity of the buffered solution.
Planar path planning for flight vehicles in wind with turn rate and acceleration bounds

This paper is concerned with path planning for an autonomous flight vehicle operating in a steady, uniform flow-field. We model the vehicle as a particle that travels in the horizontal plane at a constant speed relative to the ambient flow. The vehicle may turn in either direction, subject to symmetric constraints on the turn rate and the turn acceleration. The contribution of the paper is a simple method for generating candidate minimum-time paths from a given initial point and heading to a given final point and heading.
CONCORDANCE BETWEEN SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND PHASE ANALYSIS OF MYOCARDIAL SPECT FOR LV SEGMENT OF LATEST MECHANICAL ACTIVATION

To determine concordance between speckle tracking echo and myocardial SPECT for the determination of the latest activated LV segment. Out of 187 patients enrolled in the Speckle Tracking Assisted Resynchronization Therapy for Electrode Region trial, 54 had both echo and SPECT at baseline, of whom
Cavity-enhanced optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification

We report a novel method for high-energy, few-cycle pulse generation through the combination of parametric amplification and enhancement cavities. Dispersion in the cavity ceases to be a concern with the use of long pump pulses.
Innermost disk pairs in least weight normal surfaces

Abstract Given transversely intersecting normal surfaces S and S ′ in a triangulated 3-manifold M , criteria are given under which inessential intersection curves can be eliminated by a sequence of regular exchanges each of which exchanges a pair of innermost disks. One application is the construction of a G -equivariant, minimal Seifert surface for an oriented link which is invariant under the action of a given finite group G .
Identity, Indiscernibility, and ante rem Structuralism: The Tale of i and −i†

Some authors have claimed that ante rem structuralism has problems with structures that have indiscernible places. In response, I argue that there is no requirement that mathematical objects be individuated in a non-trivial way. Metaphysical principles and intuitions to the contrary do not stand up to ordinary mathematical practice, which presupposes an identity relation that, in a sense, cannot be defined. In complex analysis, the two square roots of −1 are indiscernible: anything true of one of them is true of the other. I suggest that ‘i’ functions like a parameter in natural deduction systems.
Controlling Internal Controls

Two recent examinations of management practices in three federal departments provide contemporary evidence of the need to incorporate procedures like those of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the public sector. Although each department established what appeared to be well-designed internal controls, all lacked sufficient monitoring and assessment of the efficacy of those controls. By requiring senior management to attest to the strength of their control mechanisms, as required by the newly revised OMB Circular A-123, the quality of this monitoring should improve. Findings from a recent study of private-sector implementation of these reforms are described, along with suggestions for public administration research and practice at all levels of government.
Various Properties of Solutions of the Infinity-Laplacian Equation

We collect a number of technical assertions and related counterexamples about viscosity solutions of the infinity-Laplacian PDE − Δ∞ u = 0 for .
Dry weight partitioning among 36 open-pollinated red alder families

Abstract Six trees of each of 36 red alder ( Alnus rubra Bong.) open-pollinated families were harvested from a genetic test plantation in September of the second field season and analyzed for growth and dry weight partitioning. Families from elevations greater than 300 m were significantly shorter than from those below 300 m and tended to be in intermediate or suppressed positions in the plantation canopy. Families from the most southerly drainage system, Santiam, were smaller than those from the more northerly drainages. When low elevation families (those from less than 300 m; 24 of the 36 families met this criterion) were analyzed separately, no statistically significant variation was found among the growth traits. In contrast, significant family variation was found in all of the dry weight partitioning traits and relative crown class. Family heritability (h 2 ) values for low elevation families varied from 0·00 to 0·39 for growth traits and from 0·39 to 0·69 for dry weight partitioning traits. At this age and stage of plantation development, there seemed to be more variation in dry weight partitioning than growth of low elevation red alder families. Family means of the dry partitioning traits varied from as little as 5% to as much as 20% around the population means; hence, it appears that variation in some partitioning traits is large enough to be of practical significance in breeding and tree improvement programs.
Technique for measuring the differential ion flux vector

A diagnostic technique is discussed which gives the angle of incidence of a plasma stream, the energy corresponding to the mean velocity of the ions, and the distribution of the ion thermal motion superimposed on the drift. The technique is shown to be operable for low-energy plasma streams (5-60 eV) and in the presence of multiple plasma streams differing in direction and/or energy. Resolution is better than 3.5 deg with approximately 1% energy spread in the streams. The instrument samples the plasma at a single region in space, independent of the number of plasma streams or their characteristics. The technique was developed to investigate plasma flow interactions in the laboratory. Its capabilities are demonstrated by some preliminary data taken for the case of a long cylindrical body immersed in a drifting, collisionless plasma.
The chemical assay of adrenal cortex extracts.

Abstract Milligram quantities of 11‐dehydrocorticosterone, corticosterone, 17‐hydroxycorcicosterone and cortisone are separated from adrenal cortex extracts by partition chromatography and determined colorimetrically. Calculated glycogenic potencies show a close correlation with values obtained by bioassay.
Plasma endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in normal dogs and dogs with acquired heart disease

We sought to measure plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations in normal dogs and to compare them with those measured in dogs with acquired heart disease with or without pulmonary edema. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was validated and used to measure ET-1 immunoreactivity in plasma samples obtained from 32 normal dogs and 46 dogs with either dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 27) or degenerative valvular disease (CDVD, n = 19) with (n = 30) or without (n = 16) overt congestive heart failure (CHF). Plasma ET-1 concentrations (geometric mean, 95% confidence interval of geometric mean) were 1.17 (1.04-1.32) fmol/mL in the 32 normal control dogs, 1.25 (0.981-1.60) fmol/mL in 16 dogs with DCM (n = 9) or CDVD (n = 7) without CHF, and 2.51 (2.10-3.01) fmol/mL in 30 dogs with DCM (n = 18) and CDVD (n = 12) with CHE Plasma immunoreactivity of ET-1 was significantly higher in dogs with CHF in comparison with normal dogs (P .05). Significant correlations were between plasma ET-I concentrations and left atrial:aortic ratio (P < .0001, r2 = .39), left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole indexed to aortic diameter (P < .0001, r2 = .30) or body surface area (BSA) (P = .0071, r2 = .10), and left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole indexed to aortic diameter (P = .0003, r- = .17) or BSA (P = .0008, r2 = .15).
Highlight-line algorithm for realtime surface-quality assessment

Abstract A new method of surface-quality assessment is presented. The model of highlight lines is introduced, and its properties and applications in surface-quality evaluation are demonstrated. The differential equation of the highlight-line model is derived, and the difficulty involved in seeking its analytical solutions is discussed. Alternatively, the creation of highlight lines is formulated as a surface-plane intersection problem, and solved using surface-contouring techniques. A fast highlight-line algorithm is developed utilizing an efficient traced contouring technique. The algorithm is robust, fully automatic, and, therefore, well suited for realtime quality-assessment tasks.
Anatomical correlates of the passive properties underlying the developmental shift in the frequency map of the mammalian cochlea

As the cochlea develops, the cells in the basal cochlea become sensitive to progressively higher frequencies. To identify features of cochlear morphology that may underlie the place code shift, measurements of infant and adult gerbil cochleas were made at both the light and electron microscopic levels. The measurements included areas of the cochlear duct, basilar membrane, and organ of Corti, height and width of the basilar membrane, thickness of the tympanic cover layer, thickness of the upper and lower basilar membrane fiber bands, and optical density of the basilar membrane. The results indicated that basilar membrane dimensions do not change as the place code shifts and that regions that code for the roughly the same frequency (e.g., approximately 11.2 kHz) at different ages can have basilar membranes of very different dimensions. In contrast, the size of the organ of Corti and the thickness of fiber bands inside the basilar membrane do change in ways consistent with the shift in the frequency map.
Who are sea cutthroats? A typological analysis of pirates

In North America and Europe, numerous books, articles, and monographs on pirates have been published in the past three decades. Although these publications do provide readers valuable information about piratical activities around the world, few of these contain a categorization of pirates. The purpose of this paper is to develop a typology for historical and modern pirates. This taxonomy is composed of three factors: position of state managers, ideology, and continuity of piracy. Each of these factors is divided into two levels: state-supporting vs. non state-supporting for stance of state managers; distinctiveness vs. indistinctiveness for ideology, and professional vs. amateur for continuity of piracy. Based upon these different levels, the author of this paper argues that pirates can be conceptually categorized as SDP, SDA, SIP, SIA, NDP, NDA, NIP, and NIA types. This typology will allow researchers of pirates to distinguish between sea bandits around the world.