cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BRAFV600E Co-opts a Conserved MHC Class I Internalization Pathway to Diminish Antigen Presentation and CD8+ T-cell Recognition of Melanoma

Oncogene activation in tumor cells induces broad and complex cellular changes that contribute significantly to disease initiation and progression. In melanoma, oncogenic BRAF(V600E) has been shown to drive the transcription of a specific gene signature that can promote multiple mechanisms of immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. We show here that BRAF(V600E) also induces rapid internalization of MHC class I (MHC-I) from the melanoma cell surface and its intracellular sequestration within endolysosomal compartments. Importantly, MAPK inhibitor treatment quickly restored MHC-I surface expression in tumor cells, thereby enhancing melanoma antigen-specific T-cell recognition and effector function. MAPK pathway-driven relocalization of HLA-A*0201 required a highly conserved cytoplasmic serine phosphorylation site previously implicated in rapid MHC-I internalization and recycling by activated immune cells. Collectively, these data suggest that oncogenic activation of BRAF allows tumor cells to co-opt an evolutionarily conserved MHC-I trafficking pathway as a strategy to facilitate immune evasion. This link between MAPK pathway activation and the MHC-I cytoplasmic tail has direct implications for immunologic recognition of tumor cells and provides further evidence to support testing therapeutic strategies combining MAPK pathway inhibition with immunotherapies in the clinical setting.
Criteria for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents and Current Therapies for Acute Sinusitis in Children

Acute sinusitis is a common complication of upper respiratory tract infections in children. The primary causative bacteria are Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and alpha-hemolytic streptococci. Concurrent viral infection may confound interpretation of the clinical response to antimicrobial treatment. First-line antimicrobial treatment is usually with amoxicillin. The increase in frequency of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in some communities, however, may warrant empirical treatment with other drugs such as amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefixime, or cefuroxime. With the marketing of newer antimicrobial drugs for treating sinusitis, it is important for physicians to understand the criteria for evaluating the efficacy of each new drug in relation to existing antimicrobial agents. Criteria for clinical and bacteriologic evaluation of new antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of sinusitis in children are described.
Effects of anesthesia level and stimulus characteristics on the amplitude and latency of the somatosensory evoked response in monkeys

The effect on the somatosensory evoked response (SER) of the level of anesthesia, and the effect of the site, intensity, duration, and frequency of the stimulus on the amplitude and latency of various components of the SER were studied in 8 Rhesus monkeys. Peroneal nerve stimulation produced similar patterns over both sides of the head, with a slightly larger amplitude over the contralateral cortex. With ulnar nerve stimulation, significantly different patterns were observed over the contralateral and ipsilateral cortex; however, the former still had a slightly larger amplitude. The latency of the various components in the SER's was not influenced by the level of anesthesia or by the intensity, duration, or frequency of the stimulus. As the level of anesthesia decreased, there was a general increase in amplitude of the SER's with peroneal nerve stimulation and no consistent change with ulnar nerve stimulation. The amplitudes of the SER increased with the increase in stimulus intensity or duration, and with a decrease in stimulus frequency.
Electric Polarization of Dilute Polar Solutions: Revised Treatment for Arbitrary Shaped Molecules

A model for deducing dipole moments of solute molecules from the electric polarization of dilute solutions is revised. The treatment represents a modified Onsager model extended toward arbitrary-shaped molecules. A simplified approach for data evaluation is suggested and compared with the analytical solution for an ellipsoidal cavity and with a numerical solution for two spherical ions.
Arterial switch operation with a single coronary artery.

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the impact of coronary pattern on survival and reintervention in patients who underwent the arterial switch operation with a single coronary artery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 53 patients with a single coronary artery who underwent the arterial switch operation between 1983 and 2000 at Children's Hospital Boston. Recent follow-up information was obtained for 40 of the 46 long-term survivors (mean follow-up 7.3 ± 4.5 years). Results: Thirty-five patients had a single right coronary artery, with the left coronary artery posterior to the pulmonary artery in 27. Eighteen patients had a single left coronary artery (16 with the right coronary artery anterior to the aorta). Six of 7 total patients who died had a single right coronary artery; all died before 1992. There were 5 early deaths, all with a single right coronary artery, with 4 deaths due to coronary malperfusion. Survivals for all patients were 91% at 6 months and 87% at 1, 5, and 10 years after the arterial switch operation. Survival figures were lower for patients having a single right ostium with the left main coronary artery posterior to the pulmonary artery compared with all other subtypes ( P =.02, log-rank test). Seven patients had reintervention, 4 because of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, 1 for heart transplantation, 1 for mitral valve repair and 1 for pacemaker implantation. Freedom from reintervention for all patients was 96% at 6 months, 92% at 1 year, 86% at 5 years, and 82% at 10 years after the arterial switch operation, with lower rates for patients having a single left ostium with the right coronary artery anterior to the aorta ( P =.0003, log-rank test). Conclusions: In the current era, the arterial switch operation with a single coronary artery can be performed safely irrespective of the coronary anatomy. Risk of reintervention is higher in patients having a single left ostium with the right coronary artery anterior to the aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:1164-72
Brittle fracture of plates in tension static field radiated by a suddenly stopping crack

Abstract Large plates of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) containing a long edge crack were subjected to a tensile fracture. The brittle crack was brought to an abrupt stop a pre-determined point. A new technique of crack-arrest, which produces a large discontinuity in fracture toughness while introducing only a small discontinuity in the acoustical properties is described. The strain field emitted during the run-arrest event has been measured in detail using conventional strain gage technique. The fractures take place under a state of nearly plane stress. Consistent with the plane strain analysis of Freund, the field becomes static behind the shear (Rayleigh) wavefront at points lying directly ahead (behind, i.e. on crack face) the arrested cract tip. For points not lying on the crack plane, the analysis predicts that the field is always time-dependent. It is experimentally shown that in a circular region of radius roughly equal to the run-arrest length, the field becomes static (for all practical purposes) behind the shear wavefront emitted by the arrested tip. A fairly strong discontinuity is propagated with the Rayleigh wave emanating from the arrested tip. Finally, the strain field radiated during the run-arrest event is strongly angle-dependent: loading waves are propagated in a small sector in front of the crack while waves of unloading are propagated in all other directions.
Increased Fibrinolytic Activity in the Inflamed Gingiva of Beagle Dogs

The fibrinolytic activity originated by activation of plasminogen was found to be greater in the inflamed gingiva than in the normal gingiva. The activator of plasminogen present in the normal and inflamed gingiva of the beagle dog was demonstrated histochemically. Plasminogen activator was found adjacent to the crevicular epithelium and blood vessels.
Reincarnation and the Akashic Field: A Dialogue with Ervin Laszlo

This article argues that Laszlo's concept of the Akashic Field (A-field) does not render the concept of reincarnation either redundant or unnecessary, that reincarnation is a fact of nature, something the universe is doing at this stage of its evolution. Not only is Laszlo's theory compatible with the concept of rebirth, it actually strengthens that theory by clarifying some of the processes involved. This article presents a rationale for the belief that through reincarnation the universe is giving birth to a transpersonal individuality that does endure outside space–time and is not dissolved back into the quantum vacuum.
Effect of Peer Nutrition Education on Nutritional Status and Nutritional Knowledge of University Student-Athletes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of peer nutrition education on nutritional status and nutrition knowledge and attitudes of university athletes. Participants were 32 female student-athletes and 4 DPD students (peer educators) at Clemson University. Each peer educator was assigned to 8 student-athletes with whom they were expected to meet 1 time per week for 7 weeks. Nutritional status was determined by measuring height, weight and skinfold thickness, obtaining fasting blood samples, and collecting 3-day dietary records at the beginning and end of the study. Student-athletes were also given a nutrition knowledge and attitude test at the beginning and end of the study. There were no significant changes in body weight or body fat during the study. Twenty-six of the athletes reported being concerned with their weight, although only 8 could be classified as overweight. There were significant increases in hematocrit, triglycerides, cholesterol/HDL ratio, WBC and RBC during the study. Food records revealed that most of the foods consumed came from the fats, sweets and oils group and that at least 50% of the athletes that inadequate intakes of vitamin A, vitamin D and calcium. There were significant improvements in nutrition knowledge and attitude, with mean test scores increasing from 65.7±8.3% to 74.4±9.6% during the study. Peer nutrition education was effective at increasing nutrition knowledge and selected blood values in student-athletes.
Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2002

Abstract The 2002 eastern North Pacific hurricane season is summarized and the year's tropical cyclones are described. The season featured 12 named tropical storms, of which 6 became hurricanes. Five of the six hurricanes reached an intensity of 100 kt or higher. There were two landfalling cyclones, Tropical Storm Julio and Hurricane Kenna. Kenna, which made landfall near San Blas, Mexico, with winds of near 120 kt, was responsible for four deaths.
Knowledge integration and individual expertise development in e-business project teams: prom the pod to the peas

The use of a knowledge-based logic for organizing project teams has received increasing attention from information systems scholars. This view contends that successful knowledge integration positively contributes to IS project success, especially when the necessary expertise for a project is distributed among individuals from different functional areas. Proponents of this view argue that knowledge integration is effective because it minimizes the need for learning and maximizes the sharing of individual expertise within the context of a projec.Two recent IS studies have found that sharing individual expertise across traditionally disparate knowledge domains is a critical ingredient of team effectiveness. This on-going study raises the question of whether knowledge integration at the team level also contributes to individual expertise development (as a result of participation in a project).We hypothesize two sets of relationships. First, we hypothesize that knowledge integration curvilinearly influences individual expertise development. Second, we hypothesize that individual expertise development is a more significant predictor of individual team members' satisfaction with team processes (a mediation effect). Individual expertise development is conceptualized as a second-order construct that is composed of two first-order variables, individual learning and professional growth. The former adds directly to domain-specific individual knowledge bases while the latter involves systemic learning.A multi-level model is developed to test these relationships. Data collection methods, using a sample of 142 individuals in 42 zero-history e-business project teams, are described along with scale development and validation procedures.Knowledge integration at the team level has a potential dark side at the individual level. The key contribution of this study is development and testing of a multilevel model linking expertise development at the individual level to knowledge integration at the team level. Clearly, balancing short-term gains in terms of increased project success versus long-term gains in terms of individual expertise development raises some puzzling challenges for e-business project managers. Managers cannot forsake successful execution of e-business software projects at "Internet speed," especially when the future competitiveness of their firm hinges on their success. Nonetheless, inattention to individual's expertise development will contribute to the rapid obsolesce of IT personnel's expertise and potentially trigger their attrition. By testing the relationships between these variables, our findings can guide managers in assembling temporary project teams that might create win-win scenarios for both a project that demands innovative integration of expertise and for the individuals who execute that project.
Dietary flavonoids and hypertension: is there a link?

High blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of greater than 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of greater than 90 mmHg affects millions of people throughout the world. A number of studies have shown that consumption of fruit, vegetables, wine and tea may protect against stroke, for which hypertension is the major risk factor. Flavonoid compounds, including flavonols, flavones and isoflavones, represent an important source of antioxidants in the diet. Flavonoid intake has been inversely associated with mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke. We hypothesize that individuals with hypertension have lower circulating flavonoid levels. Increased consumption of flavonoid-rich foods may decrease rates of hypertension. Lowering blood pressure through increased dietary consumption of dietary antioxidants may decrease the rate of end-organ damage that is secondary to hypertension.
"Voluntweeters": self-organizing by digital volunteers in times of crisis

This empirical study of "digital volunteers" in the aftermath of the January 12, 2010 Haiti earthquake describes their behaviors and mechanisms of self-organizing in the information space of a microblogging environment, where collaborators were newly found and distributed across continents. The paper explores the motivations, resources, activities and products of digital volunteers. It describes how seemingly small features of the technical environment offered structure for self-organizing, while considering how the social-technical milieu enabled individual capacities and collective action. Using social theory about self-organizing, the research offers insight about features of coordination within a setting of massive interaction.
The Design and Implementation of Fault Insertion Capabilities for ISPS

Fault tolerance is an important attribute of most computer systems, and to be effective it must be an explicit objective from the beginning of the design process. Inserting faults into a simulation of the machine and observing its behavior is a thorough and economical technique for evaluating prospective fault detection, diagnosis, recovery, and repair mechanisms. As systems become larger due to rising semiconductor integration, the expense of these fault simulations increasingly necessitates that they be performed at higher levels of abstraction (such as the register transfer level) rather than lower (such as the gate level). This can achieve major cost savings without significantly compromising fault coverage. This paper describes the design and implementation of a high level fault insertion mechanism for the Instruction Set Processor Specification (ISPS) simulator. The ISPS simulator was chosen because it is an interactive, high level simulator which is capable, mature, and widely used and accepted. The faults which can be simulated include hard and transient, deterministic and probabilistic, stuck-at and bridged, data, control, and operation types. These facilities have been implemented and demonstrated to be sound in both concept and implementation. They have been incorporated as a standard feature in the latest release of the ISPS simulator.
Structure-targeting fast magnetic resonance imaging angiography with partial collection of the inverse space (k-space) based on the orientation of the vessel in real space

A method is proposed for fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition of targeted specific structures. The method is based on the correlation between the inverse space (k-space) and the real space geometry of the imaged structure. Theoretical and simulation studies were performed with segments of straight and curved vessels. In cases when we are interested for only a segment of a vessel, as example for interventions, these studies show that as small as 1/8 of the whole k-space data is sufficient to reconstruct the interested vessel without compromise in the image quality.
Particle swarm optimization over non-polynomial metamodels for fast process variation resilient design of Nano-CMOS PLL

An automated top-down design flow to achieve physical design of Analog/Mixed-Signal Systems-on-Chip (AMS-SoCs) is difficult, especially for nano-CMOS. Process variation effects have profound impact on the performance of silicon versus layout design. In this paper metamodels, (surrogate models) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been combined in an automated physical design flow for fast design exploration of AMS-SoCs. Neural network based non-polynomial metamodels that handle large numbers of design parameters, are used to predict the statistical process variation effects instead of exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations. The PSO algorithm is used for optimization of the AMS-SoC components using their metamodels instead of the actual circuit. The PSO algorithm followed a two step approach: local and global. The physical design of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is considered as a case study circuit. The proposed design flow is approximately 5 times faster while the error is under 2% compared to the Monte Carlo analysis.
Can a Cardiac Peptide Predict Mortality in Human Hypertension

See related article, pp 702–709 Since 1981, with the seminal work by de Bold and coworkers, the function of the heart as an endocrine organ has been increasingly appreciated.1 In response to myocardial stretch and volume overload, atrial and ventricular myocytes synthesize and secrete the biologically active atrial (ANP) and B-type (BNP) natriuretic peptides, which are generated from their prohormones by the proconvertases corin and furin. Importantly, ANP and BNP are generated together with their inactive amino-terminal fragments NT-proANP and NT-proBNP. Both ANP and BNP play key roles in the regulation of electrolytes and water balance in the overall control of blood pressure and intravascular volume. This key role in blood pressure homeostasis was predicted based on the cardiorenal response to their infusion in animals and humans, as well as from studies in novel murine models in which their genes (NPPA and NPPB) or common receptor (GC-A) were genetically disrupted. Indeed, most recently, genetic variants of the ANP and BNP genes that lie in tandem on chromosome 1 have translated into increases in circulating ANP and BNP with lower blood pressure and reduced risk for hypertension.2 Most importantly, studies have revealed the pleiotropic properties of ANP and BNP that go beyond salt and water homeostasis and include properties of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition, sympatho-inhibiting activity, suppression of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, enhancement of lusitropic function, and metabolic protective properties.1,3 Again, these actions are mediated by GC-A and …
Magnetic biasing of ferrite filled nonlinear transmission lines

Ferrite filled coaxial lines have been shown to sharpen input pulses due to their nonlinear magnetic properties. This effect can be amplified by applying an axial magnetic biasing field. In addition to a steeper leading edge, oscillations in the microwave bands have been observed. These oscillations arise from damped gyromagnetic precession occurring in the ferrite. The magnetic bias necessary to generate damped oscillations and steepened pulse sharpening effects is produced by two separate means; a current carrying solenoid or, the less investigated case, permanent magnets. Multiple NLTLs are tested at lengths of 0.3 meters and 1 meter with an outer diameter of 13 mm. Permanent magnets with varying strengths were placed in different locations for multiple tests. Experiments and setups for these designs are detailed and their results are discussed.
Setting limits on children's behavior: The differential effects of controlling vs. informational styles on intrinsic motivation and creativity

The imposition of external constraints on an activity has frequently been shown to undermine intrinsic motivation. Given that limits must often be set upon peoples' activities, especially in parenting and education, the present study addressed the question of whether limits can be set without undermining intrinsic motivation for the activity being limited. Using cognitive evaluation theory, contrasting limit setting styles of either a controlling or informational nature, or no limits, were placed upon forty-four first- and second-grade children engaged in a painting activity. The intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, creativity, and quality of artistic production were expected to be decreased by controlling limits relative to informational and no-limits, which were not expected to differ from each other. The results provided substantial support for these predictions, suggesting that limits can be set without undermining intrinsic motivation if they are informational in nature. Support was also found for the consensual assessment of creativity method recently developed by Amabile (1982a). Results ofthe study are discussed along with the general relation between creativity and intrinsic motivation. Recent findings in motivational research suggest that imposing external controls or constraints on an actiyity can haye a deleterious effect on subsequent intrinsic motiyation. Beginning with Deci's (1971) demonstration that tangible rewards for doing a task can negatiyely affect intrinsic motiyation, many other factors that haye a similar impact haye been identified, including symbolic rewards (Lepper, Greene, & Nisbett, 1973), yerbal praise (Deci, Cascio, &
Median LMS algorithm

A median least-mean-square (MLMS) algorithm is described. This filter operates by replacing the instantaneous gradient estimate, used by the well known LMS algorithm, by the short-term median of this quantity. The filter is applied to signals corrupted by impulsive interferences.
Use of nucleic acids as indicators of growth in juvenile white shrimp,Penaeus vannamei

The use of nucleic acids to estimate crustacean growth is not well documented, and may be complicated by biochemical changes associated with their molt cycle. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of molt stage on nucleic acid concentrations in abdominal muscle tissue of juvenile white shrimp,Penaeus vannamei, and to examine the relationship between nucleic acid concentrations and growth rates of shrimp exposed to different feeding regimes throughout a 12 d feeding experiment. RNA and DNA concentrations and RNA:DNA ratios were not significantly different among the five major molt stages early postmolt, late postmolt, intermolt, early premolt, and late premolt. In the feeding experiment, RNA concentrations and RNA:DNA ratios accounted for >70% of the variation in shrimp growth on three different sampling days. In addition, RNA concentrations and RNA:DNA ratios were used successfully to discriminate between unfed, moderately-fed, and well-fed shrimp. These variables exhibited significant treatment differences in <24 h after the initiation of the different feeding regimes, whereas significant changes in whole-body weight took longer to detect. Rapid detection of significant treatment effects can be useful in ecological studes, especially those concerned with food-web interactions.
James F. Crow: His Life in Public Service

The readers of this journal may well be aware of Professor Crow’s scientific achievements and his role as the editor of Perspectives. In addition, for many thousands of students at the University of Wisconsin over many generations, James F. Crow was one of the most memorable teachers at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. What is less known is his major role in public service where he served as chair of many important committees for the National Academy of Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, the National Institutes of Justice as well as various international programs. In all of these efforts, Professor Crow has left a lasting impact.
One-dimensional diffusion of microtubules bound to flagellar dynein

Abstract Dynein is a multisubunit ATPase that powers microtubule-based motility. We find that a dissociated dynein particle containing the β heavy chain subunit translocates microtubules unidirectionally over a glass surface in the presence of ATP. However, after nucleotide hydrolysis is inhibited by vanadate, unidirectional translocation ceases, and microtubules instead undergo irregular back-and-forth motion along their longitudinal axes. Quantitative analysis reveals that this motion is due to thermal-driven diffusion, but, unlike a particle undergoing Brownian motion, the diffusion is restricted to one dimension. The properties of the diffusional movement indicate that dynein can interact with microtubules in a way that permits the latter to diffuse only along their longitudinal axes. This weak binding interaction may constitute an important intermediate state in dynein's force-generating cycle.
DEMAND FOR MEDICAL CARE BY THE ELDERLY: A FINITE MIXTURE APPROACH

SUMMARY In this article we develop a finite mixture negative binomial count model that accommodates unobserved heterogeneity in an intuitive and analytically tractable manner. This model, the standard negative binomial model, and its hurdle extension are estimated for six measures of medical care demand by the elderly using a sample from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey. The finite mixture model is preferred overall by statistical model selection criteria. Two points of support adequately describe the distribution of the unobserved heterogeneity, suggesting two latent populations, the ‘healthy’ and the ‘ill’ whose fitted distributions diAer substantially from each other. #1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religious Nationalism and Perceptions of Muslims and Islam

We test for relationships between anti-Muslim attitudes and opinion and competing religious identity and religious belief variables in an evangelical Christian constituency. Original survey data from a statewide sample of 508 likely voters in Oklahoma are subjected to a robust regression analysis to determine (1) indicators of holding Christian nationalist beliefs and (2) the relationship between belief measures of Christian nationalism, evangelical Christian identity, and subsequent anti-Muslim sentiment. Christian nationalism is more prevalent among self-identified evangelicals. Christian nationalist beliefs and strong belief in Biblical literalism are significantly related to negative and restrictive views of Muslims. Anti-Muslim sentiments in the form of general disapproval and the desire to limit Muslim worship are shaped more by beliefs than identities or behaviors. Evangelical self-identification does not help us disentangle domestic opinion regarding Muslims as well as measures that disentangle beliefs from identity.
Oxandrolone in Pediatric Patients with Severe Thermal Burn Injury

ObjectiveTo review the rolo of oxandrolone in pediatric patients with severe thermal burn injury.Data Sources:MEDLINE (1950–April 2008) and Science Citation Index (1900–April 2008) searches were performed using the key terms oxandrolone, burn, and children.Study Selection And Data Extraction:All English-language articles that evaluated the efficacy and safety of oxandrolone in pediatric patients with severe thermal burn injury were included in this review.Data Synthesis:Oxandrolone stimulates protein synthesis by binding to androgen receptors. The efficacy and safety of adjunct oxandrolone therapy in pediatric patients (≤18 y old) with severe thermal burn injury (total body surface area burn >20%) were evaluated in 8 clinical studies. Oral oxandrolone 0.1 mg/kg twice daily increased protein synthesis, lean body mass accretion, and muscle strength; improved serum visceral protein concentrations; promoted weight gain; and increased bone mineral content. During the postburn rehabilitation period, oxandrolone...
Tracking Transaction Footprints for Non-intrusive End-to-End Monitoring

Existing transaction monitoring solutions are either platform-specific or rely on instrumentation techniques, which limit their applicability. Consequently, transaction monitoring in enterprise environments often involves the manual collation of information spread across a variety of infrastructure elements and applications, and is a time- consuming and labor-intensive task. To facilitate self- governance in enterprise environments, we present an online, non-intrusive and platform-agnostic solution for transaction monitoring, where the only inputs required are (a) system log files in which footprints left by ongoing transaction instances are recorded, and (b) a model of the transaction, in terms of the valid sequences of steps that a transaction instance may execute and the expected footprint patterns at each step. Given these, our solution generates a dynamic execution profile of ongoing transaction instances that allows their status to be tracked at individual and aggregate levels, even when transaction footprints do not necessarily carry correlating identifiers as injected through instrumentation. We describe our monitoring architecture and algorithms, results from an empirical study, ongoing work on run-time transaction model validation and directions for future research.
Generalizing disposability: Residential mobility and the willingness to dissolve social ties

Four studies examined whether residential mobility (RM) leads people to view objects as disposable and, in turn, view social ties as disposable. Study 1 showed that tendencies to dispose of objects and social ties are related. Study 2 demonstrated that a history of RM increases the willingness to dispose of objects and, through that, dispose of social ties. Study 3 showed that increasing the sense of RM increases the willingness to dispose of objects and, through this, dispose of social ties. Study 4 showed that the relational aspect of RM is crucial in affecting relational disposability. Our findings extend research on RM and support Lewin's (1936) conceptualization of mobility being associated with ease of disposing social ties.
Slouching in the Rain

SummaryA number of papers find the velocity that minimizes the wetness of a traveler caught in the rain. In this capsule we determine, in addition, the necessary amount of forward bend (slouching) so that the traveler stays as dry as possible.
A computationally efficient electricity price forecasting model for real time energy markets

Abstract Increased significance of demand response and proliferation of distributed energy resources will continue to demand faster and more accurate models for forecasting locational marginal prices. This paper presents such a model (named K-SVR). While yielding prediction accuracy comparable with the best known models in the literature, K-SVR requires a significantly reduced computational time. The computational reduction is attained by eliminating the use of a feature selection process, which is commonly used by the existing models in the literature. K-SVR is a hybrid model that combines clustering algorithms, support vector machine, and support vector regression. K-SVR is tested using Pennsylvania–New Jersey–Maryland market data from the periods 2005–6, 2011–12, and 2014–15. Market data from 2006 has been used to measure performance of many of the existing models. Authors chose these models to compare performance and demonstrate strengths of K-SVR. Results obtained from K-SVR using the market data from 2012 and 2015 are new, and will serve as benchmark for future models.
Filter transmittance measurements in the infrared

We have set up a novel direct detection system to measure filter transmittances over an attenuation range of at least 5 decades, with relative combined standard uncertainties as low as 0.5% (Icr) per decade, in the 9 ju,m to 11 /im spectral region. This system, using an apparatus originally designed for a heterodyne measurement of transmittance, achieves higher accuracy at the expense of a reduced dynamic range. This independent measurement of transmittance allows verification of the heterodyne technique. Our system uses a source modulated at 30 MHz and a specially constructed high dynamic range and high accuracy lock-in amplifier capable of operation at the modulation frequency. The high modulation frequency and narrow bandwidth of the system allow thermal background radiation to be suppressed and high accuracy to be achieved. We correct for the non-ideal natures of the detector and attenuators. In particular, the detector position is scanned to reduce the effect of its spatial nonuniformily and the deflection of the transmitted beam caused by the nonparallel surfaces of the filter. We discuss the sources of systematic errors and the methodology to reduce their contribution.
FEEDING AND GROWTH OF THE RED KING CRAB PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Feeding and growth in wet weight of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus were studied under laboratory conditions for 4 months from September 1993 to January 1994. Crabs were divided into 3 groups: ovigerous females, juvenile females, and mature males. Food consumption (g-d-l) significantly increased with crab wet weight (W), while feeding rate (FR, g-kg-l-d-1), weightstandardized food consumption, decreased significantly with crab weight. The relationship of FR~W significantly differed between ovigerous females and juvenile females and males, but not between juvenile females and males, and can be expressed as FR = 70.9 - 0.017 W (P < 0.001) for ovigerous females, FR = 64.1 - 0.017 W (P < 0.001 ) for juvenile females and males. Crabs ceased feeding during molting, and feeding rates were significantly lower between 12 days before and 8 days after ecdysis than during the nonmolting period. Molted male crabs rapidly increased weight after molt. Their growth rate averaged 412.3 g-kg-1 ? 89.6 SD (wet weight) and decreased with crab weight. Among unmolted crabs, growth rates significantly differed between ovigerous females (66.6 g.kg-' ? 19.4 SD), juvenile females (50.4 g-kg-l ? 14.5 SD), and males (5.2 g-kg- +? 4.0 SD).
The Insect Complex Associated with Bovine Manure in Indiana

In the summers of 1962 and 1963, 98 bovine manure samples were field collected at Lafayette, Indiana, after they had been exposed to insect oviposition for periods ranging from 1 to 120 hr. The samples were maintained in a greenhouse until all adult insects had emerged. These included 20 secies of Diptera, 15 of Coleoptera, and 3 of parasitic Hymenoptera. Two species of mites were also taken from the manure. As the manure pads were collected, observations were made on the activities of various insect species in and around them, and these are reported here.
High-salt diet impairs hypoxia-induced cAMP production and hyperpolarization in rat skeletal muscle arteries

This study determined the effects of hypoxia on diameter, vascular smooth muscle (VSM) transmembrane potential (E m), and vascular cAMP levels for in vitro cannulated skeletal muscle resistance art...
Comparison of observed to predicted outcomes using the ACS NSQIP risk calculator in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background Postoperative outcomes predicted by the ACS NSQIP universal risk calculator have not been validated for specific procedures like pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods A random sample of 400 PD patients from the NSQIP database was analyzed. Patients were categorized into four groups of 100 each based on ICD-9 diagnosis (211.6, 157.0, 156.2, and 577.1). Estimated risks of postoperative outcomes recorded by the calculator were compared to observed outcomes using the Brier Score (BS). The calculated BS was compared to a null model BS. A BS of zero indicated perfect prediction, while a BS of one indicated the poorest prediction. Results BS for all groupings was generally low, reflecting good prediction. BS for any and major complications was higher (0.23 and 0.22, respectively). This was also seen within ICD-9 subgroups. For patients with ampullary cancer, BS for these outcomes was higher (0.27 and 0.26, respectively). Comparison to the null model BS (0.24 and 0.24, respectively) correlated lesser predictive accuracy of the calculator for this subgroup. Conclusions The ACS NSQIP risk calculator, although accurate in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing PD, shows variation when accounting for specific ICD-9 diagnoses. Incorporating the diagnosis may better guide surgeons and patients preoperatively in making informed decisions. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Research on Games between Scientific and Technological Intermediary and Regional Innovation Subjects

In this paper we establish a logical model of scientific and technological intermediary and regional innovation subjects which include government,institutes of higher learning,scientific research institutions and enterprises.This paper analyzes the operation mechanism of the regional innovation system and discusses the game relationships between scientific and technological intermediary and regional innovation subjects.Some countermeasures are presented in the end of this paper to promote the development of scientific and technological intermediary.
Uncoupling of local cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow after acute fluid-percussion injury in rats

We assessed local cerebral glucose metabolism (lCMRGlc) and blood flow (lCBF) interrelationships in the first hour after parasagittal fluid-percussion head injury (FPI) in rats. Matched series were...
Inferences on functions of Pareto parameters with application to income inequality measures

ABSTRACTThe Theil, Pietra, Elteto and Frigyes measures of income inequality associated with the Pareto distribution function are expressed in terms of parameters defining the Pareto distribution. Inference procedures based on the generalized variable method, the large sample method, and the Bayesian method for testing of, and constructing confidence interval for, these measures are discussed. The results of Monte Carlo study are used to compare the performance of the suggested inference procedures from a population characterized by a Pareto distribution.
Dams in Afghanistan

Afghanistan is on the cusp of renewal having just completed its first free and democratic transfer of power in 2014. Over 40 years of war and strife, however, have left infrastructure and human capital in serious need of support. Since the 2001 defeat of the Taliban by the US-led coalition, partner nations and non-governmental agencies have focused their efforts on humanitarian and infrastructure development. One key infrastructure development opportunity, appearing to provide large-scale and long-term benefits is water-resources infrastructure. The infrastructure of choice in Afghanistan and all developing nations is centered on building dams. In an effort to speed up development and provide a more stable water resource, large dams, from a western perspective, appear to be a panacea for kick-starting development. In order to best assess Afghanistan's ability to leverage such large and expensive structures, baseline data of water infrastructure are needed. Due to the lack of institutional records and record keeping, it is unclear exactly how much water infrastructure exists in Afghanistan, so in order to provide independent authentication of available data, a three-tiered effort was employed to gather as much data as possible regarding dams and diversions in Afghanistan: (1) Google-Internet search; (2) library research at the University of Nebraska, Omaha's Arthur Paul Collection of Afghan materials (in English); and (3) satellite imagery analysis using either Google Earth/Maps or TerraServer. From this extensive survey, 62 existing dams spanning > 9000 m of combined crest length, 109 major diversions totaling over 500 m in length diverting some 23% of affected rivers and 104 dams proposed by Afghanistan and partner nations were identified. Every province in Afghanistan is represented with Ghazni Province having the most existing dams ( n = 11), Paktia and Wardak provinces have the greatest proposed dams ( n = 9 each) and Kabul Province had the most diversions ( n = 23). This document focuses on four main existing dams, Bandi Sultan, Dahla, Kajaki, and Salma Dams, which represent current large-dam infrastructure and associated problems. Additionally, the proposed large dams of Almar, Baghdara, Bakhshabad, and Kamal Khan are presented as representative of the future of dam building in Afghanistan. No dam occurs in Afghanistan, existing or planned, that is not currently plagued with serious issues of maintenance, operation and/or funding, and that is not part of the build-neglect-rebuild cycle that prevents any of these structures from actually providing as planned.
Backbone and methyl resonance assignments of the 42 kDa human Hsc70 nucleotide binding domain in the ADP state

Hsc70 is the constitutively expressed mammalian heat shock 70 kDa (Hsp70) cytosolic chaperone. It plays a central role in cellular proteostasis and protein trafficking. Here, we present the backbone and methyl group assignments for the 386-residue nucleotide binding domain of the human protein. This domain controls the chaperone’s allostery, binds multiple co-chaperones and is the target of several classes of known chemical Hsp70 inhibitors. The NMR assignments are based on common triple resonance experiments with triple labeled protein, and on several 15N and 13C-resolved 3D NOE experiments with methyl-reprotonated samples. A combination of computer and manual data interpretation was used.
100 Gb/s Ethernet demonstration

We describe an implementation of a 100 Gb/s Ethernet prototype using an approach called multi-PHY Ethernet (Nx10Gb/s). The prototype unit was used successfully in a demonstration at the IEEE Supercomputing 2006 Conference over a live, 4,000 km production network.
Serum stimulation of CCR7 chemotaxis due to coagulation factor XIIa-dependent production of high-molecular-weight kininogen domain 5

Chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in immune function by directing cell-specific movement. C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) facilitates entry of T cells into lymph nodes. CCR7-dependent chemotaxis requires either of the cognate ligands C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) or CCL21. Although CCR7-dependent chemotaxis can be augmented through receptor up-regulation or by increased chemokine concentrations, we found that chemotaxis is also markedly enhanced by serum in vitro. Upon purification, the serum cofactor activity was ascribed to domain 5 of high-molecular-weight kininogen. This peptide was necessary and sufficient for accelerated chemotaxis. The cofactor activity in serum was dependent on coagulation factor XIIa, a serine protease known to induce cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) at sites of inflammation. Within domain 5, we synthesized a 24-amino acid peptide that could recapitulate the activity of intact serum through a mechanism distinct from up-regulating CCR7 expression or promoting chemokine binding to CCR7. This peptide interacts with the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin 4 (TSP4), and antibodies to TSP4 neutralize its activity. In vivo, an HK domain 5 peptide stimulated homing of both T and B cells to lymph nodes. A circulating cofactor that is activated at inflammatory foci to enhance lymphocyte chemotaxis represents a powerful mechanism coupling inflammation to adaptive immunity.
Escherichia coli colonization restores mucosal immune tone during antibiotic treatment (MUC5P.759)

Molecules derived from gut-colonizing microbes contribute to intestinal homeostasis by stimulating innate immune receptors and maintaining a basal level of activation of host antimicrobial defenses. Depletion of intestinal microbes by treatment with antibiotics severely dampens these responses, increasing the risk for colonization and infection with pathogenic bacteria. A major consequence of antibiotic treatment is downregulation of the antimicrobial protein RegIII-γ. RegIII-γ expression is markedly decreased during antibiotic treatment but can be induced by administration of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands derived from Gram-negative bacteria. This observation suggests a role for Gram-negative organisms in stimulating RegIII-γ intestinal levels. In this study, we investigated the ability of several E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains to induce RegIII-γ in the mouse intestine during antibiotic stress. We find that although both bacterial species colonize the gastrointestinal tract of antibiotic-treated mice, only E. coli restores RegIII-γ expression in the ileum. E. coli , but not K. pneumoniae , induces IL-22 expression, a requisite step for RegIII-γ, induction, in the small intestinal lamina propria. Flagellin and TLR5 signaling are not required for E.coli -mediated RegIII-γ induction. Our findings suggest that Gram-negative bacteria colonizing the intestine differ in their ability to mediate IL-22-dependent RegIII-γ.
The Analysis of Inorganic Constituents in the Groundwater at an Underground Coal Gasification Site

A primary environmental consequence of underground coal gasification may be degradation of groundwater quality. This report presents the sampling, analytical and computational techniques used to study the inorganic constituents in the groundwater following the Hoe Creek II field study conducted in the fall, 1977. The physical and chemical processes controlling the observed concentrations are discussed with the aid of graphic displays of the analytical data and with the use of a chemical equilibrium modeling program.