cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasma Cytokeratin 18 and fecal Alpha-1 Antitrypsin concentrations in dogs with osteosarcoma receiving carboplatin chemotherapy.

Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicosis is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment in humans and dogs. Measurement of cytokeratin 18 (CK18), an intracellular structural protein released during epithelial apoptosis, and Alpha1-Antitrypsin (A1AT) in faeces provides a mechanism for evaluating damage to the intestinal mucosa secondary to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Our goal was to evaluate the clinical utility of plasma CK18 and faecal A1-AT levels as non-invasive biomarkers of cytotoxic chemotherapy induced GI toxicity. We conducted a prospective cohort study in dogs (N = 10) with osteosarcoma undergoing amputation followed by carboplatin chemotherapy. We hypothesized that plasma CK18 and faecal A1-AT levels would increase following carboplatin administration due to drug-induced GI epithelial damage/apoptosis, and that plasma CK18 and faecal A1-AT levels would correlate with severity of GI toxicity. Mean baseline plasma CK18 concentration was variable amongst patients; however, CK18 concentration prior to carboplatin chemotherapy treatment was not significantly different from CK18 levels after treatment. There was significant intra and inter-patient variability in mean faecal A1-AT levels at baseline. Mean A1-AT concentration did not change significantly from day 0 to day 21. Gastrointestinal toxicity was minimal; therefore, we were unable to determine the association of plasma CK18 and faecal A1-AT concentrations with development of GI toxicosis. In this study population, plasma CK18 and faecal A1-AT concentration were not clinically useful biomarkers for the detection of GI toxicosis secondary to carboplatin administration. Further prospective evaluation of CK18 and A1-AT as biomarkers of drug-induced GI toxicity is warranted in a larger cohort of dogs receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. AVMA clinical trial registration number: AAHSD004827.
The significance of limited prosocial emotions among externalizing disorders in children.

Limited Prosocial Emotion (LPE) specifier of conduct disorder (CD) includes lack of remorse or guilt, callousness/lack of empathy, unconcern about performance, and shallow/deficient affect. Given the relatively recent inclusion of the LPE specifier in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fundamental information is still unknown about LPE, such as how common the different domains are, how much they overlap with one another, whether they predict unique variance from each other, and the potential for the LPE specifier as a transdiagnostic facet of externalizing problems. Caregivers (n = 1,50) of children (Mage = 8.42, SD = 2.31) completed a questionnaire assessing individual LPE domains and measures of externalizing symptoms. Results showed that LPE specifier domains were highly related but separable. All LPEs were uniquely associated with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), CD, and overall impairment after controlling for other LPE items, child sex, and ADHD symptoms. Being unconcerned about performance, emotionally manipulative, and having shallow/deficient affect were uniquely associated with ADHD while controlling for ODD and CD symptomatology. Our findings fit with the historical conceptualization of LPE as a unidimensional construct and contributes to the growing evidence of the potential utility of assessing LPE across externalizing disorders in children. Future research should look to replicate and extend our findings in clinical samples of youth.
Deaths in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention: FY2018-2020

Background Many civil liberties organizations have raised concerns that substandard medical care in United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities have led to preventable deaths. The 2018 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Bill required ICE to make public all reports regarding in-custody deaths within 90 days beginning in Fiscal Year (FY) 2018. Accordingly, ICE has released death reports following each in-custody death since April of 2018. This study describes characteristics of deaths among individuals in ICE detention following the FY2018 mandate. Methods Data was extracted from death reports published by ICE following the FY2018 mandate. Causes of death were categorized as suicide or medical, and medical deaths as COVID-19-related or not. Characteristics were compared between medical and suicide deaths, and among medical deaths between COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related deaths. Additionally, death rates per person-year and per 100,000 admissions were calculated for FY2018, 2019, and 2020 using methods from prior work evaluating deaths among detained immigrants in the United States. Results Since April 2018, 35 individuals have died in ICE detention. The death rate per 100,000 admissions in ICE detention was 2.303 in FY2018, 1.499 in FY2019, and 10.833 in FY2020. Suicide by hanging was identified as the cause of death in 9 (25.7%), and medical causes in the remaining 26 (74.3%). Among 26 deaths attributable to medical causes, 8 (30.8%) were attributed to COVID-19, representing 72.7% of 11 deaths occurring since April 2020. Conclusions The death rate among individuals in ICE detention is increasing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Potentially preventable causes of death including COVID-19 and suicide contribute to at least half of recent deaths. Findings suggest that individuals detained by ICE may benefit from improved psychiatric care and prevention measures to combat suicide, as well as increased infection control efforts to reduce mortality associated with COVID-19.
Scanning SQUID characterization of extremely overdoped La 2 -x Sr x CuO 4

When a scanning SQUID susceptometer -- a mesoscopic quantum version of a mutual inductance sensor -- hovers over a superconductor, it sees its own magnetic image reflected with a strength proportional to the density of the Cooper pairs. Here, a scanning SQUID was used to corroborate previous reports that the superfluid density in an extremely overdoped cuprate behaves unusually compared to conventional superconductors. The results obtained show the superfluid density is homogenous in space and linear with temperature, confirming that these characteristics are intrinsic electronic effects.
Making Sense of the Lending Fill Rate in Interlibrary Loan: Investigating Causes for Low Fill Rates and Developing Potential Remedies

The interlibrary loan (ILL) fill rate for lending is, arguably, the most important statistic used to evaluate the success and reliability of the lending service. This fill rate percentage, however,...
A PRISMA systematic review on the safety and efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in pediatrics.

Abstract Problem Effective pain management is the key to improving not only patient outcomes but also patient satisfaction. Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) is a pain management method that allows the patient to self-administer their medication. Because of the great variety of physical and cognitive abilities in the pediatric population, involvement of a nurse or parent proxy is necessary. Purpose The purpose of this study was to ascertain the most effective approaches to PCA in pediatric settings. Eligibility criteria Criteria for articles selection were as follows: (a) published in a peer-review journal, (b) between 2014 and 2019, (c) in English, (d) directly addressing the issues of safety and efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia by proxy in the pediatric patient population. Sample Databases used in the search included CINAHL Plus with Full Text, DynaMed, MedLine with Full Text, and ScienceDirect. Combinations of the following keywords were used to search each database: “nurse controlled analgesia”, “parent controlled analgesia”, “patient controlled analgesia by proxy”, “NCA”, “P/NCA”, “PCA by proxy”, “pediatrics”, “children”, “pediatric patients”. Database searches yielded 172 results. Articles that were duplicated, missing inclusion criteria or did not directly address the issues of safety and efficacy of PCA by proxy were removed. Eleven articles fit the selection criteria. Results Eleven articles were included in the final report. The themes that emerged from the analysis included pain management of neonates and infants, children with developmental disabilities, children with cancer, as well as the sources and possible solutions to errors in medication preparation. Conclusions It was concluded that PCA by proxy remains a safe and efficient method of pain administration for the pediatric population, with the exception of children suffering from developmental and neurological disabilities. Implications PCA by proxy, although presenting challenges, remains a safe and efficient way of pain management across different pediatric populations, such as infants and neonates or children with cancer, both inpatient and outpatient, and new technologies could positively influence the safety of this method of pain management. Conversely, children with developmental and neurological disabilities do not benefit from this method of pain management and are more prone to experiencing adverse effects.
Short-term Inflation and Long-term Inflation of US Economy Since 2021

Since the U.S. government officially paid attention to the Covid-19 epidemic in March last year, the U.S. economy has so far seen a severe stagnation. With the increasing number of vaccine injections and a series of economic stimulus policies, the U.S. economy had begun to recover before Biden took office. The writer will briefly introduce the social situation and financial situation of the United States related to the American Rescue Plan Act 2021, which is the first rescue act that President Biden signed, and discusses the issue of inflation that society is most concerned about.
Abstract 20383: The Impact of Flow Measurement After Mitral Paravalvular Leak Closure and Survival

Introduction: Mitral paravalvular leak (PVL) occurs in 7-17% of patients after mitral valve surgery. The percutaneous closure of these defects has become a novel treatment to prevent repeat operations. Hypothesis: We hypothesize flow dynamics correlate with clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral PVL closure. Methods: We retrospectively studied 148 patients who underwent percutaneous PVL closure between 2004 and 2014 at Mayo Clinic. We measured the continuous wave (CW) Doppler time velocity integral (TVI), E velocity (as a surrogate for V wave) across the mitral valve and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by transthoracic echocardiogram within 7 days before and after PVL closure. We identified patients as non-responders if there was moderate to severe residual mitral regurgitation. t-Test was used for continuous variables and Fisher exact test was used mortality. Results: Overall, the mean CW TVI was markedly reduced by PVL closure (93±14 vs. 58±5cm, p<0.02). The E velocity also decreased after closure (3.1±0.4 vs. 1.9±0.1m/sec, p<0.04). LVEF, however, was reduced after PVL closure (62%±2 vs. 53%±1.5, p<0.02). Among non-responders (34/148 patients), there was no significant difference between the CW and E velocity before and after the procedure (CW TVI: 96±16 vs. 83+13cm, E velocity: 2.5±0.5 vs. 2.3±0.3m/sec, p=NS). The estimated 5-year mortality of patients with no or mild residual mitral regurgitation was markedly lower compared to non-responders, 43% vs 71%, p<0.05. Conclusions: The flow dynamics across the mitral valve immediately after PVL closure may correlate with long term clinical outcomes. Real time assessment of flow by transesophageal echocardiogram can be used to guide the extent of PVL closure required to change the long term clinical outcomes. Further validation and prospective studies are required.
The Imperative of Non‐ideal Theory

In this review piece I assess the theoretical approach employed by Elizabeth Anderson in her book The Imperative of Integration. Anderson advocates a non-ideal theoretical approach to questions of normative political theory. She uses non-ideal arguments to offer a compelling justification of racial integration as a social policy. I unpack her argument to identify some of the important strengths of non-ideal theory. In doing so, I argue that non-ideal approaches provide insights that are necessary for the development of persuasive answers to normative questions, but that are not achievable with ideal theoretical alternatives.
Success or Failure: Measuring the Effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act

The heated and continuing controversy surrounding the Endangered Species Act (ESA) stems in part from doubts about its effectiveness in generating species recovery. In this paper, we develop three ordered scores of changes in species' recovery status based on changes in Nature Conservancy recovery rankings of U.S. vertebrates. We use these scores to estimate ordered probit models measuring the effects on species recovery of an ESA listing and several subsequent management actions. We find evidence of positive effects for species-specific spending and achievement of recovery goals. Listing alone has a negative correlation with species recovery, while recovery plan completion and designation of critical habit are not correlated, or negatively correlated, with recovery.
Computational Aspects of the Intelligent Tutoring System MetaTutor

We present in this paper the architecture of MetaTutor, an intelligent tutoring system that teaches students meta-cognitive strategies while learning about complex science topics. A more in-depth presentation of the micro-dialogue component in MetaTutor is provided. This component handles the meta-cognitive strategy of subgoal generation .T his strategy involves subgoal assessment and feedback generation. We present a taxonomy-driven method for subgoal assessment and feedback. The method yields very good to excellent human-computer agreement scores for subgoal assessment (average kappa=0.77).
Early Globalities, Global Literatures: Introducing a Special Issue on the Global Middle Ages

“Early Globalities, Global Literatures” introduces a selection of global literatures from premodernity and critically discusses why the study of The Global Middle Ages serves contemporary culture and society.
Glucocerebrosidase is present in α-synuclein inclusions in Lewy body disorders

Mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, known to cause Gaucher disease (GD), are a risk factor for the development of Parkinson disease (PD) and related disorders. This association is based on the concurrence of parkinsonism and GD, the identification of glucocerebrosidase mutations in cohorts with PD from centers around the world, and neuropathologic findings. The contribution of glucocerebrosidase to the development of parkinsonian pathology was explored by studying seven brain samples from subjects carrying glucocerebrosidase mutations with pathologic diagnoses of PD and/or Lewy body dementia. Three individuals had GD and four were heterozygous for glucocerebrosidase mutations. All cases had no known family history of PD and the mean age of disease onset was 59 years (range 42–77). Immunofluorescence studies on brain tissue samples from patients with parkinsonism associated with glucocerebrosidase mutations showed that glucocerebrosidase was present in 32–90% of Lewy bodies (mean 75%), some ubiquitinated and others non-ubiquitinated. In samples from seven subjects without mutations, <10% of Lewy bodies were glucocerebrosidase positive (mean 4%). This data demonstrates that glucocerebrosidase can be an important component of α-synuclein-positive pathological inclusions. Unraveling the role of mutant glucocerebrosidase in the development of this pathology will further our understanding of the lysosomal pathways that likely contribute to the formation and/or clearance of these protein aggregates.
The injured worker: assessing "return-to-work" status.

SUMMARY In workers injured on the job, the physical findings tell only part of the story. Physicians must also consider psychologic, economic, social, and legal factors when performing a return-to-work assessment.
Deuterium quadrupole coupling constants in chlorobenzene-4-d1 and 1,4-diethylnylbenzene-d1,d′1 in the liquid state

Abstract From the measured hydrogen and deuteron spin-lattice relaxation times the deuterium quadrupole coupling constants have been calculated to be 181 ± 10 kHz in chlorobenzene-4-d1 and 230 ± 14 kHz in 1,4-diethylnylbenzene-d1,d′1, in the liquid state. This study shows that in determining the quadrupole coupling constant from spin-lattice relaxation data obtained in the liquid state one should consider the effects of anisotropic reorientation.
A microstatistical model for ductile fracture with rate effects

Abstract A micromechanical ductile fracture model was used in a parametric study of void-induced softening. The model describes rate-dependent nucleation and growth of microscopic void size distributions. The Gurson yield surface is used as the threshold condition for viscous void growth. The relative amounts of shear stress and mean stress relaxations due to void nucleation and growth in a material element are found to be strongly dependent on both the material viscosity and the path taken by the material element in stress space. Material elements subjected to uniaxial stress load paths show much less shear strength softening than those subjected to uniaxial strain load paths. Shear strength softening is enhanced by loading rates high enough to activate viscous response. Computational simulations of uniaxial stress and strain tests over a range of strain rate show a complicated interplay of the above factors.
Renal magnetic resonance angiography: an update.

Recent developments in renal magnetic resonance angiography have led to a significant improvement in the technical success rate and diagnostic accuracy of the methods. Specifically, three‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography methods have been shown to provide a more reliable
Measurements of HIV Viral Loads From Different Levels of the Respiratory Tract

Background The lung is a common site of disease in HIV infection. Virus has been detected in BAL fluid (BALF) and saliva. However, the relationship between viral loads detected at different levels of the respiratory tract is unknown. Method We measured simultaneous HIV viral loads in parotid saliva (PS), bronchial fluid (BF), BALF, and plasma by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 20 HIV-infected individuals. Results HIV was detected in 53% of BALF samples, 15% of BF samples, 5% of PS samples, and 88% of plasma samples. Viral loads in plasma and BALF samples were positively correlated. There were significantly higher levels of HIV viral load in both plasma and BALF in subjects with CD4 counts of Conclusion These data demonstrate that while HIV can be detected in the respiratory tract, the viral load is influenced by both local factors ( ie , level of the respiratory tree and cigarette smoking) and systemic factors ( ie , ART and peripheral CD4 count).
Effects of Age of Benefactor, Attractiveness of the Recipient, and the Recipient's Need for Assistance on Prosocial Behavior in Children's Dyads.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of age of benefactor, instrumental attractiveness of the prospective recipient, and the recipient's need for assistance on children?s prosocial behavior. Children aged 5-6 years, 7-8 years, and 9-10 years were first given an opportunity to share a valuable commodity with either an attractive or an unattractive peer. Moments later, the peer, who was in the next room, appeared to fall from a chair and to have either high or low need for assistance. The only significant result for the sharing index was age of benefactor: Older children shared more of their resources than did their younger counterparts. In contrast, children's helpful responses to the peer's "emergency" were affected only by the peer's apparent need for assistance. Finally, children's sharing and their responses to the emergency were positively correlated with the scores the children obtained on a test of empathic abilities. The implications of these results and the role played by empathy in children's prosocial behavior are discussed.
A Systematic Assessment of Benefits and Risks to Guide Breast Cancer Screening Decisions

Importance Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among US women. Mammography screening may be associated with reduced breast cancer mortality but can also cause harm. Guidelines recommend individualizing screening decisions, particularly for younger women. Objectives We reviewed the evidence on the mortality benefit and chief harms of mammography screening and what is known about how to individualize mammography screening decisions, including communicating risks and benefits to patients. Evidence Acquisition We searched MEDLINE from 1960-2014 to describe (1) benefits of mammography, (2) harms of mammography, and (3) individualizing screening decisions and promoting informed decision making. We also manually searched reference lists of key articles retrieved, selected reviews, meta-analyses, and practice recommendations. We rated the level of evidence using the American Heart Association guidelines. Results Mammography screening is associated with a 19% overall reduction of breast cancer mortality (approximately 15% for women in their 40s and 32% for women in their 60s). For a 40- or 50-year-old woman undergoing 10 years of annual mammograms, the cumulative risk of a false-positive result is about 61%. About 19% of the cancers diagnosed during that 10-year period would not have become clinically apparent without screening (overdiagnosis), although there is uncertainty about this estimate. The net benefit of screening depends greatly on baseline breast cancer risk, which should be incorporated into screening decisions. Decision aids have the potential to help patients integrate information about risks and benefits with their own values and priorities, although they are not yet widely available for use in clinical practice. Conclusions and Relevance To maximize the benefit of mammography screening, decisions should be individualized based on patients’ risk profiles and preferences. Risk models and decision aids are useful tools, but more research is needed to optimize these and to further quantify overdiagnosis. Research should also explore other breast cancer screening strategies.
Strategy for identifying and mitigating facility vibrations to improve optical performance at the W. M. Keck Observatory

The W.M. Keck Observatory is conducting a focused effort to identify and mitigate facility vibrations that significantly affect optimal optical performance. This effort should improve the performance of both Keck adaptive optics systems, the laser guide star, the AO instruments, and the interferometer, and will benefit future high precision instruments. We present our strategy for mitigating vibrations in a large ground-based telescope. Our approach is to establish reasonable confidence in identifying the facility vibration sources that most significantly deteriorate optical performance. For the interferometer we completed vibration surveys that correlate vibrations on the interferometer beam path with direct vibration measurements on the telescope structure and facility. We developed a metric to evaluate the effect of vibrations on the entire interferometer beamline. From our surveys, we prioritized facility components to be addressed, and developed approaches to mitigate key vibrations contributions. Initial results show large local improvements, and global improvements to our vibration environment.
Blood vitamin values of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

The blood vitamin analyses of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) were determined to provide baseline reference values for the normal animal. Ascorbic acid, riboflavin (erythrocyte glutathione reductase) [ECR], measurement, thiamin (erythrocyte transketolase) measurement and vitamin A (retinol) were determined for Texas A&M colony-born animals and those obtained from the wild. The analyses were completed on the animals, three times each, for a total of 93 analyses, which included 51 colony-born and 60 wild-born marmosets. A mean value of 0.98 mg/dl for ascorbic acid was found for the colony with a range from 0.06 to 4.1 mg/dl. The normal range for the marmosets appeared to be 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dl. The mean activity coefficient (AC) for the marmosets was 1.0 indicating that the animals had adequate riboflavin in the diet. The mean transketolase activities were (ribose remaining −30.1 IU/L) and (sedoheptulose appearance −7.9 IU/L). The mean and range for serum vitamin A (retinol) were 20.4 mg/dl and 6.96–57.44 mg/dl, respectively. None of the animals (colony-born or wild-born) exhibited any clinical signs of vitamin deficiencies as a result of being maintained in an indoor-outdoor environment over a three-year period.
Elastic models of vocal fold tissues.

Elastic properties of canine vocal fold tissue (muscle and mucosa) were obtained through a series of experiments conducted in vitro and were modeled mathematically. The elastic properties play a significant role in quantitative analysis of vocal fold vibrations and theory of pitch control. Samples of vocalis muscle and mucosa were dissected and prepared from dog larynges a few minutes premortem and kept in a Krebs solution at a temperature of 37±1 °C and a pH of 7.4±0.05. Samples of muscle tissue and mucosa were stretched and released in a slow, sinusoidal fashion. Force and displacement of the samples were measured with a dual‐servo system (ergometer). After digitization, stress–strain data for samples of muscle tissue and cover tissue were averaged. The stress–strain data were then fitted numerically by polynomial and exponential models.
Solar Prominences – An Intriguing Phenomenon

The article starts with an autobiographical account, where the author relates how his several study-trips abroad gradually led him to the study of solar physics in general, and prominences particularly.
Marijuana Use among Young Women in a Primary Care Setting

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of marijuana use among young women, ages 18–24, within a primary care setting.
Size Fractionation of Exponentially Growing Escherichia coli

A new method for differentiating between bacteria of different sizes in a single population is used to show that the rate of synthesis of RNA in a population of Escherichia coli varies linearly with the size of the cell.
Low-temperature behavior of Kondo impurities and check of the Fermi-liquid model.

The magnetic scattering rate of Fe in Mg is measured as a function of temperature by means of weak localization. It shows a strong temperature dependence which is attributed to the Kondo effect. At low temperatures Nozi\`eres predicted a Fermi-liquid behavior for the electron system plus the Kondo impurity with no magnetic scattering. Weak localization allows a check of the applicability of the Fermi-liquid theory.
Identifying the sign of the slope of a monotonic function via OLS

Abstract This paper derives a necessary and sufficient condition for identifying the sign of the derivative of an unknown monotonic function by the method of weighted average derivatives. While OLS has a weighted average derivative representation, it does not necessarily satisfy the condition except for restrictive cases.
Dopaminergic effects of non-hydroxylated rigid analogs of apomorphine☆

Abstract A series of rigid analogs of apomorphine lacking aromatic hydroxyl substituents were evaluated for dopaminergic properties. Three compounds, N-methyl-N-propyl-2-aminotetralin (Me-Pr-2-AT), N, N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (Di-Pr-2-AT) and N, N-dipropyl-2-aminoindane (Di-Pr-2-AI) induced emesis in dogs, contralateral circling in unilaterally lesioned rats, and inhibited prolactin secretion. The induced circling responses, however, were attenuated by prior treatment with α-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester (AMPTME) and the compounds were weak inhibitors of 3H-dopamine binding in calf caudate homogenates. The posssiblity that these agents may be metabolically activated in vivo is discussed.
Reply to Michael Froehner, Rainer Koch, and Manfred P. Wirth's Letter to the Editor re: Karim A. Touijer, Clarisse R. Mazzola, Daniel D. Sjoberg, Peter T. Scardino, James A. Eastham. Long-term Outcomes of Patients with Lymph Node Metastasis Treated with Radical Prostatectomy Without Adjuvant Androgen-deprivation Therapy. Eur Urol 2014;65:20–5

Optimal management is not clearly established for patients with prostate cancer for whom the pelvic lymph nodes are involved. The debate centers on the question of appropriate timing of hormonal therapy. In an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group randomized clinical trial, Messing et al. enrolled 98 patients with lymph node metastasis after radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and no evidence of distantmetastasis on bone scintigraphy and chest x-ray. Patients were randomly assigned to receive immediate androgen-deprivation therapy (n = 47) with either goserelin or bilateral orchiectomy or to be observed (n = 51). At a median follow-up of 11.9 yr, this trial demonstrated that early adjuvant hormonal therapy after radical prostatectomy was associated with a survival benefit in node-positive patients [1]. Although their findings seem to make a strong argument in favor of early initiation of hormonal therapy, several facts make the general applicability to patients with nodal metastasis in the modern era of prostate-specific antigen screening less likely. The majority of patients had a large nodal metastatic burden, and in the deferred treatment arm, hormonal therapy was withheld until osseous metastasis developed. Boorjian et al. reported the long-term outcome of 507 patients with nodal metastasis, 89.7% of whom received adjuvant hormonal therapy. The 10-yr cancer-specific survival was 85.8%. While adjuvant hormonal therapy was associated with a decreased risk of biochemical recurrence, it did not significantly affect systemic progression or disease-specific survival [2]. We reported our experience in men with prostate cancer and lymph node metastasis treated by radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection alone without any adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and
Serum-free culture of resting, PHA-stimulated, and transformed lymphoid cells, including hybridomas.

Abstract A chemically-defined medium containing casein, insulin, testosterone, transferrin, and linoleic acid (CITTL) has been developed for the culture of lymphoid cells. Resting human mononuclear leukocytes can be maintained in CITTL for up to 8 weeks with excellent viability. In the absence of mitogen, undifferentiated monocytes become the predominant cell type by 7–11 days as assessed by morphology, population distribution of cell sizes, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation is retained in these cultures for 7–10 days and results in a population of 85% T lymphoblasts. T lymphoblasts survive for 2 weeks in CITTL following mitogenic stimulation and proliferate for up to 5 weeks in CITTL if supplemented with 2-mercaptoethanol and conditioned medium containing crude T-cell growth factor. In addition to supporting proliferation of normal lymphoid cells, CITTL also sustains growth of human and murine hybridomas, as well as a variety of transformed lymphoid cell lines. The ability of a minimum essential medium supplemented with 5 or 6 factors to support growth of normal and malignant lymphoid cells suggests that only a limited number of extracellular signals are required for mitogenesis of these cells.
Labour analgesia and fetal bradycardia

Labour analgesia induction can result in fetal heart rate changes and even severe fetal bradycardia. This is most likely due to uterine hypertonus secondary to an acute drop in circulating epinephrine. If the uterus is quickly relaxed and fetus properly resuscitated, this should not affect the outcome of the delivery or neonatal health.
TU‐D‐204B‐09: Rapid MR Imaging for Real‐Time Target Tracking Using Temporal Sparsity

Purpose: Real‐time MRI‐guided radiotherapy is an exciting new modality and requires the development of new imaging schemes focused on the role of MRI in radiotherapy guidance rather than diagnosis. In this work, we investigated sparse k‐space sampling schemes in order to reduce scan time for the purpose of real‐time target tracking.Method and Materials: To compare different k‐space sparse sampling schemes, an IRB‐approved human subject examination of MR imaging was performed using a FIESTA sequence in a 1.5 T system (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI). The power spectrum of the difference between adjacent k‐space image frames was calculated over each time series. Sparse sampling schemes were determined by specifying five different threshold levels for the superimposed power spectrum corresponding to all the frames in each time series. A blood vessel in the liver was segmented in the full‐sampled time series and sparse‐sampled time series. The root mean square (RMS) error of each degraded trajectory with respect to the full‐sampled trajectory was computed. Results: For k‐space sampling reduction schemes using temporal sparsity, the RMS error in the superior‐inferior direction was 0.13, 0.27, 0.38, 0.38, and 0.57 mm for the 88%, 76%, 69%, 60%, and 54% sampling fraction, respectively. Conclusions: Sparse k‐space sampling schemes for MR imaging scan time reduction have been investigated. This allows fast MR imaging, which can be applied to real‐time target tracking for management and localization of tumor motion in radiotherapy.Conflict of Interest: This work was supported by the AAPM Research Seed Funding Initiative.
Protein splicing triggered by a small molecule.

The use of small molecules that turn specific proteins on or off provides a level of temporal control that is difficult to achieve using standard genetic approaches. Consequently, the development of small-molecule switches of protein function is a very active area of chemical biology, sometimes referred to as chemical genetics. Most studies in this area rely on the identification of small molecules that bind directly to the active site of a target protein, thereby acting as agonists or antagonists of function. Strategies have also been described in which the small molecule triggers a change in the secondary, tertiary, or ternary structure of the protein, in so doing changing the functional state of the molecule. Another approach to this problem would be to alter the primary structure of a target protein in response to a small-molecule trigger; a dramatic change in primary sequence would be directly coupled to function. In principle, this can be achieved by harnessing protein splicing, a posttranslational ...
α-Amylase of human pure pancreatic juice: Effects of pancreatic disease and the occurrence of variant forms in pancreatic juice from healthy volunteers

Pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) from healthy human volunteers and from patients with pancreatic or liver disease was subjected to isoelectric focussing (IEF) and assayed for alpha-amylase activity. In PPJ from most normals, a single predominant form of amylase was found, comprising congruent to 83% of the total activity recovered, and having pIapp congruent to pH 6.8. In PPJ from six normals, variant principal forms of amylase were found at pH congruent to 6.4 or pH congruent to 7.3, in addition to the peak at pH 6.8. IEF patterns of PPJ from individuals with pancreatic or liver disease were indisquishable from patterns obtained with PPJ from the control group of healthy volunteers.
A mathematical theory of learning transformational grammar

Abstract How to explain the fact that children learn language is a central problem for both psychology and linguistics. Suppes says that “the linguists' insistence that they will accept nothing less than a complete and detailed account will probably turn out to be the most important conceptual demand on psychology in this century”. This paper speaks to that demand by presenting a complete formal characterization of the learning process and the language environment in which it operates. The assumptions are in general accord with psychological and linguistic principles. It is proved that the system converges; that is, the learning process, acting on the linguistic information it receives, learns the language, according to a formal criterion.
Effects of Dietary Protein Concentration on Production Characteristics of Pond-Raised Channel Catfish Fed Once Daily or Once Every other Day to Satiation

Abstract We evaluated the effects of dietary protein and feeding regime on the production characteristics, processing yield, and body composition of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Stocker-size fish with an average weight of 93 g/fish were stocked into twenty-four 0.4-ha ponds at a rate of 11,115 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily or every other day (EOD) to apparent satiation with three commercial diets containing 28, 32, or 35% protein in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement for 110 d. Compared with daily feeding, EOD feeding resulted in lower average net production, feed consumption, weight gain per fish, and feed conversion ratio and produced fewer marketable fish. The EOD ponds required less aeration than ponds with fish fed daily. Fish fed EOD had lower visceral fat and fillet fat, carcass yield, and fillet yield compared with fish fed daily. Dietary protein levels had no effect on net production, aeration time, processing yield, fillet composition, and feed consumption and weight gain per fish. Howeve...
Inhibition of ovulation by inhibition of steroidogenesis in immature rats.

The following chemicals were employed in examining the relationship of the steroids to ovulation: ethamoxytriphetol (Mer-25) a postulated estrogen antagonist and 2-alpha-cyano-44 17-alpha-trimethylandrost-5-en-17-beta-ol-3-one (cyanoketone) a 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor. Although Mer-25 had no effect on ovulation cyanoketone caused complete inhibition of ovulation in immature rats pretreated with pregnant mare serum (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Mer-25 prevented the uterine hypertrophy which usually results from the administration of HCG but this inhibition decreased as the dose increased. Sprague-Dawley rats 22 days of age were used. At age 24 days 30 IU of PMS in 1 ml of saline was given im. 40-44 hours later animals were given 30 IU of HCG iv. Experimental animals received either Mer-25 or cyanoketone prior to receiving HCG. The Mer-25 was administered in 2 equal doses but in 3 different amounts at 12 and 6 hours before the HCG. Cyanoketone was given 3.52 mg per 100 gm body weight in a single or 2 divided doses before HCG. It was most effective when given 3 hours before HCG in a single dose. Adrenalectomy done prior to administration of HCG does not prevent ovulation while neither progesterone (500 mcg) nor progesterone and estrogen (500 mcg:1 mcg) overcome the cyanoketone block to ovulation. Ovarian steroidogenesis and ovulation are apparently related.
A Simple Surgical Technique for Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis Using a Double-Loaded Suture Anchor

Multiple different surgical techniques have previously been described to address long head of the biceps tendinopathy. Subpectoral biceps tenodesis has proven to be an effective procedure to relieve pain and maintain function. We describe a surgical technique for subpectoral biceps tenodesis using a single double-loaded suture anchor implant. Advantages of this procedure include the ease of implant placement and the freedom this technique affords to perform the anchor placement without direct visualization of the docking site.
Betz Invariants and Generalization of Vorticity Moment Invariants

The widely used Betz invariants can be categorized as invariants of vorticity moments or impulses in plane motion for mostly inviscid vortex flow. These invariants have served as a foundation of vortex roll-up process analysis as well as benchmarks to estimate numerical simulation errors for vortex flow. The analysis starts from a more general integral divergence relation in rational mechanics to extend the analysis for both inviscid and viscous vortex flow cases, with or without finite boundaries. Conditions for the existence of the Betz invariants and their extensions to include viscous effects are discussed. These extensions can be used as analytical means for theoretical modeling of complicated vortex systems, especially in flows with viscous effects and finite boundaries. The goal of this study is to clearly establish when the Betz invariants and the generalized vorticity moment invariants are applicable. The approach uses rigorous mathematical analysis, and the physical interpretations of the results are discussed. A trailing vortex pair is used as an example to illustrate the applications of the theoretical study
Fermilab Satellite Refrigerator Compressors with Oil and Moisture Removal Systems

The Tevatron refrigeration system uses twenty eight Mycom compressors installed in compressor buildings at seven locations around the Fermilab ring. Four compressor† skids are installed per building with each skid having an independent purification system. Five compressor systems are presently installed in the experimental areas with three more to follow in the future.
Induction of differentiation in neuro-2A cells by the monoterpene perillyl alcohol.

The monoterpenes limonene and perillyl alcohol have been shown to induce the complete regression of rat mammary carcinomas by what appears to be a cytostatic and differentiation process. In order to evaluate the differentiating effects of the monoterpenes we tested the ability of perillyl alcohol to induce differentiation in a well-characterized neuroblastoma cell model. Perillyl alcohol was found to be a potent inducer of the neuroblastoma-derived cell line Neuro-2A. Several cellular effects of monoterpenes were ruled out as contributing to Neuro-2A differentiation including its cytostatic effect and its ability to inhibit ubiquinone (CoQ) synthesis.
Chronic toxicity of lead to three freshwater invertebrates—Brachionus calyciflorus, Chironomus tentans, and Lymnaea stagnalis

Chronic lead (Pb) toxicity tests with Brachionus calyciflorus, Chironomus tentans, and Lymnaea stagnalis were performed in artificial freshwaters. The no-observable-effect concentration (NOEC), lowest-observable-effect concentration (LOEC), and calculated 20% effect concentration (EC20) for the rotifer B. calyciflorus were 194, 284, and 125 microg dissolved Pb/L, respectively. The midge C. tentans was less sensitive, with NOEC and LOEC of 109 and 497 microg dissolved Pb/L, respectively, and the snail L. stagnalis exhibited extreme sensitivity, evident by NOEC, LOEC, and EC20 of 12, 16, and < 4 microg dissolved Pb/L, respectively. Our findings are presented in the context of other reports on chronic Pb toxicity in freshwater organisms. The L. stagnalis results are in agreement with a previous report on pulmonate snails and should be viewed in the context of current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) hardness adjusted water quality criteria of 8 microg Pb/L. The present findings and earlier reports indicate that freshwater pulmonate snails may not be protected by current regulatory standards. Measurements of whole-snail Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations following chronic Pb exposure revealed that Na+ homeostasis is disturbed by Pb exposure in juvenile snails in a complicated pattern, suggesting two physiological modes of action depending on the Pb exposure concentration. Substantially reduced growth in the snails that exhibit very high Ca2+ requirements may be related to reduced Ca2+ uptake and thereby reduced shell formation.
PERCOLATION MODEL FOR BRITTLE-TOUGH TRANSITION IN NYLON/RUBBER BLENDS

Abstract It is proposed that the brittle- tough transition in nylon/rubber blends occurs when the yielding process propagates through thin matrix ligaments in which a plane-strain to plane-stress transition takes place. This propagation process is modelled as a percolation phenomenon. The model explains the observed brittle-tough transition, and predicts that monodisperse and asymmetric particles are more effective in toughening than polydisperse and spherical ones.
Carbon and nitrogen pools in reclaimed land under forest and pasture ecosystems in Ohio, USA

Abstract The long-term changes of ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in reclaimed mine soils remains poorly understood. Thus, age chronosequence sites, ranging from − 1 after 14 years of reclamation in the forest and 1.61 Mg ha − 1 after 6 years under pasture. After 25-year of reclamation, C sequestration was 107 Mg ha − 1 under forest ecosystem and 21 Mg ha − 1 under pasture. In the forest ecosystem, a major portion of ecosystem C consisted of soil C (94%) during the initial period ( 14 year). In the pasture ecosystem, soil C contributed a major portion of ecosystem C throughout the reclamation period: 95% for 25 years of reclamation. However, soil N contributed a significant portion of ecosystem N in both the forest and pasture ecosystems. Ecosystem C and N pools and bulk densities were strongly related with reclamation age for both forest and pasture. The rates of ecosystem C and N sequestration peaked at about 10 to 15 years of reclamation. After 10 to 15 years of reclamation, the rate of sequestration decreased as reclamation age increased.
Philip Rieff's Mission: Character, Culture and Morality

The work of Philip Rieff remains seminal for sociological concerns with morality and values. Informed by Freudian theory, noting the impact of Freud in fostering a `therapeutic culture' in which `psychological man' places `feeling good' over community-based, transcendental systems of meaning and value, Rieff, like many intellectuals of his age, defended the importance of repression for maintaining civilization in face of the growth of mass-mediated popular culture, which, as a moment of consumerism, was complicit in under-mining repression and eroding the standards of taste. His analysis is still especially cogent as we face two challenges to Western civilization. In the first place, we have seen a `carnivalization of society' in which the `culture industries' offer more and more tasteless transgressions that foster a `regression in the service of consumer-ism' to encourage consumerism, shopping-mall selfhood and indifference to the political. Second, in face of the social stresses and strains of globaliz...
Some Complexities in Military Planning

Several reasons for the welcome growth in serious public discussion of military affairs are apparent. Americans are increasingly realizing that we are terribly vulnerable. Military preparations can no longer be deferred until after the onset of hostilities, making it more important that we analyze carefully in peacetime what our preparations should be. The magnitude of our defense effort has so increased that it naturally draws more critical scrutiny. Above all, what we do in defense interacts crucially with our foreign policy. To these considerations that obviously stimulate discussion, we must add another that weakens an inhibition against it. Critics need defer far less than formerly to military expertise.
Testing procedures for extracting fluctuation spectra from lipid bilayer simulations.

To address concerns about how to obtain the height-height spectrum from simulations of biomembranes, we emulated the fluctuations in real space using exact input spectra. Two different methods that have given different results in the literature were then used to extract spectra from the emulated fluctuations that were then compared to the exact input spectra. A real space method shows systematic, but small deviations attributed to splines introducing an artifactual filter. A direct Fourier method obtains accurate results when the in-plane placement of the emulated particles is uncorrelated with the out-of-plane undulations, but systematic underestimates occur when the particle placement is more realistically correlated with the undulations. Although quantitative corrections cannot be estimated from our one-dimensional model, the results are qualitatively consistent with the direct Fourier method underestimating the 1/q2 spectral dependence that is characteristic of a tilt degree of freedom in simulations.