cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of Second-Language Speech: Effects of Visual Cues, Context, and Talker Variability.

The influence of a talker's face (e.g., articulatory gestures) and voice, vocalic context, and word position were investigated in the training of Japanese and Korean English as a second language learners to identify American English /[invertedr]/ and /l/. In the pretest–posttest design, an identification paradigm assessed the effects of 3 weeks of training using multiple natural exemplars on videotape. Word position, adjacent vowel, and training type (auditory–visual [AV] vs. auditory only; multiple vs. single talker for Koreans) were independent variables. Findings revealed significant effects of training type (greater improvement with AV), talker, word position, and vowel. Identification accuracy generalized successfully to novel stimuli and a new talker. Transfer to significant production improvement was also noted. These findings are compatible with episodic models for the encoding of speech in memory.
Duhem–Quine virtue epistemology

The Duhem–Quine Thesis is the claim that it is impossible to test a scientific hypothesis in isolation because any empirical test requires assuming the truth of one or more auxiliary hypotheses. This is taken by many philosophers, and is assumed here, to support the further thesis that theory choice is underdetermined by empirical evidence. This inquiry is focused strictly on the axiological commitments engendered in solutions to underdetermination, specifically those of Pierre Duhem and W. V. Quine. Duhem resolves underdetermination by appealing to a cluster of virtues called ‘good sense’, and it has recently been argued by Stump (Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci, 18(1):149–159, 2007) that good sense is a form of virtue epistemology. This paper considers whether Quine, who’s philosophy is heavily influenced by the very thesis that led Duhem to the virtues, is also led to a virtue epistemology in the face of underdetermination. Various sources of Quinian epistemic normativity are considered, and it is argued that, in conjunction with other normative commitments, Quine’s sectarian solution to underdetermination amounts to a skills based virtue epistemology. The paper also sketches formal features of the novel form of virtue epistemology common to Duhem and Quine that challenges the adequacy of epistemic value truth-monism and blocks any imperialist naturalization of virtue epistemology, as the epistemic virtues are essential to the success of the sciences themselves.
Two common problems related to the use of the Armington aggregator in computable general equilibrium models

This note highlights two common problems with the application of the population CES aggregator introduced by Armington. Both are related to the dependence of the input shares on the elasticity of substitution even when relative prices are held constant. A modified CES aggregator is proposed which avoids these problems.
Assessing the legacy of the Space Shuttle

Abstract This article reviews the core legacies of the Space Shuttle program after 25 years and suggests that, while it was not an unadulterated success, on balance the Shuttle served a valuable role in the development of spaceflight and deserves an overall positive assessment in history. There are five core legacies that deserve discussion. First, the Space Shuttle has a reputation as a mistake resulting from a policy failure that should never have been pursued. Second, it has been criticized as a program that prohibited other paths for the US space program. Third, and more positively, the Space Shuttle provided more than two decades of significant human spaceflight capability and stretched the nature of what could be accomplished in Earth orbit much beyond where it had previously been. Fourth, it served as a relatively flexible platform for scientific activities. Finally, and perhaps most significantly since the US human spaceflight program has always been focused on national prestige, the Space Shuttle served well as a symbol of American technological verisimilitude.
JCL Roundtable: Hypertriglyceridemia due to defects in lipoprotein lipase function

In this Roundtable, our intent is to discuss those rare genetic disorders that impair the function of lipoprotein lipase. These cause severe hypertriglyceridemia that appears in early childhood with Mendelian inheritance and usually with full penetrance in a recessive pattern. Dr Ira Goldberg from New York University School of Medicine and Dr Stephen Young from the University of California, Los Angeles have agreed to answer my questions about this topic. Both have done fundamental work in recent years that has markedly altered our views on lipoprotein lipase function. I am going to start by asking them to give us a brief history of this enzyme system as a clinical entity.
Cytomorphologic Features of Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma

Endometrial stromal sarcomas are uncommon tumors of the uterus, and the cytologic features have only been reported in a number of case reports that mostly discuss the features of higher grade undifferentiated sarcomas. This article discusses the cytologic features of a large series of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESSs) sampled by a variety of methods. We reviewed our histologic files for all confirmed cases of low-grade ESS, and followed this by a computerized search for any corresponding cytologic specimens. We identified 12 Papanicolaou tests and 9 nongynecologic specimens. Most cases showed moderate to marked cellularity with a combination of single cells and stromal fragments. Blood vessels, interspersed between the clusters of stromal cells, were seen in 15 cases; 4 of these had supporting hyaline matrix. The cells were predominantly spindle shaped with scant to moderate cytoplasm, round to ovoid nuclei, and fine chromatin. Mitotic figures and nucleoli were rare. Most cases had a clean background.
Effect of flow rate and vessel calibre on critical arterial stenosis

Abstract Critical arterial stenosis, the decrease in lumenal cross-sectional area which is associated with a 10% decrease in flow rate, is not a fixed number but varies directly with the size (cross-sectional area) of the artery and inversely with the flow rate for each vessel being evaluated. Percent changes in blood pressure distal to the lumenal stenosis were found to correlate exactly with percent changes in blood flow. In other words, measurement of distal extremity blood pressure provides a statistically reliable assessment of changes in distal extremity blood flow. The value of arteriography as the sole criterion in the assessment of significant atherosclerotic lesions is limited. The utilization of noninvasive vascular diagnostic equipment is emphasized based upon the demonstration that distal extremity blood pressure is a statistically significant predictor of distal extremity blood flow.
Correlates of Delay in Seeking Treatment for Endometrial Cancer

In endometrial cancer, early detection is usually facilitated by the onset of abnormal bleeding: Despite this, patients at times evidence considerable delay between onset of abnormal bleeding and seeking medical care. The current study of 37 endometrial cancer patients used semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to evaluate physical, interpersonal, and psychological factors which might be associated with delay in seeking care. Results indicated that women typically delayed between 1 and 4 months before seeking medical care. They generally attributed the causes of the abnormal bleeding to 1 of 3 factors: the menopause, benign bodily dysfunctions, or unusual and alarming processes, including cancer. Those who blamed menopause delayed significantly longer in seeking treatment, while those who reported being alarmed by early symptoms were significantly more likely to seek immediate care. Marital dissatisfaction and a lack of unconditionally positive emotional support was also significantly related to d...
EFFECTS OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF H2O2 ON LIPID OXIDATION AND OF STORAGE AND pH ON NONHEME IRON CONTENT OF RAW BEEF MUSCLE

Ground beef samples were prepared from semimembranosus muscles, and beef muscle residue devoid of heme pigments was prepared by repeated washing of the ground muscle with distilled-deionized water. When ground muscle, or muscle residue samples treated with metmyoglobin-H2O2 (4 mg metmyoglobin/g muscle residue; 1:0.1 to 1:1 for molar ratio of metmyoglobin to H2O2) were stored at 4°C for 0 or 6 days, no changes in nonheme iron content were observed. Similarly, nonheme iron content of stored samples was not affected by pH (5.5, 6.0 or 6.5). While metmyoglobin-H2O2 added to water-extracted beef muscle residue catalyzed the oxidation of the indigenous lipids, treatment of the residue with H2O2 alone had no effect on the oxidation.
Abrupt Climate Change at the End of the Last Glacial Period Inferred from Trapped Air in Polar Ice

The last glacial period was terminated by an abrupt warming event in the North Atlantic ∼15,000 years before the present, and warming events of similar age have been reported from low latitudes. Understanding the mechanism of this termination requires that the precise relative timing of abrupt climate warming in the tropics versus the North Atlantic be known. Nitrogen and argon isotopes in trapped air in Greenland ice show that the Greenland Summit warmed 9 ± 3°C over a period of several decades, beginning 14,672 years ago. Atmospheric methane concentrations rose abruptly over a ∼50-year period and began their increase 20 to 30 years after the onset of the abrupt Greenland warming. These data suggest that tropical climate became warmer or wetter (or both) ∼20 to 80 years after the onset of Greenland warming, supporting a North Atlantic rather than a tropical trigger for the climate event.
Anhydraemia in Rats Suffering From Lack of What Has Been Called Vitamin B.

Students of vitamin “B” deficiency are well aware that animals fed a complete diet except with respect to vitamin “B” lose their appetite for the deficient ration and rapidly decline in body weight. It is also well known that an increase of blood concentration occurs in starvation. The question arises whether a deficiency of what has been spoken of hitherto as vitamin B is associated with anhydraemia, and if such is the case, whether this can be accounted for by the starvation phenomenon which so frequently prevails.Consequently, a series of albino rats weighing between 200 and 250 gm. were placed on a vitamin “B” deficient diet. Control animals were given on an average the same amount of food and water daily as the vitamin “B” deficient rats consumed. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture from each rat of both groups from week to week during the course of the vitamin deficient and realimentation periods. Hemoglobin estimations were made by the Cohen and Smith1 method.The results indicate that a...
La isla de Calibán

Shakespeare's Tempest has been discussed in relation to the European colonial adventure in the New World as a representation of the native as "natural man." In the last two decades, the "post-colonial" reading of Tempest questions the central gaze (Prospero represents political and magic powers) that makes of Caliban a monster, an slave deprived of moral judgement. This article confronts that reading with the notion that Caliban is also a human creature that, thanks to language not only learns "to curse" but also to name, to recognize the abundance of nature in his native island. It moves, thus, from the "natural man" to the "good savage", a version favored by Montaigne and not ignored by Shakespeare.
Influence of nitrogen on hot ductility of steels and its relationship to problem of transverse cracking

AbstractThe present review examines the influence of nitrogen on the hot ductility of steels, with particular relevance to the problem of transverse cracking during continuous casting. Nitrogen itself is not detrimental to hot ductility, but when it is present with aluminium or microalloying additions, ductility can be adversely affected through the formation of nitrides or carbonitrides. The addition of aluminium to low nitrogen C–Mn steels (0·005%N)impairs ductility during casting at an acid soluble level as low as 0·02%Al. This arises because segregation of aluminium to the grain boundaries occurs on solidification, and the temperature cycling that takes place when the strand is cooled encourages AlN precipitation. However, for low nitrogen, high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels with carbon levels in the peritectic range 0·08–0·17%C, transverse cracking is not generally encountered until the aluminium level is >0·04%. Higher nitrogen levels are likely to cause problems even at very low aluminium levels...
Bone mineral density and response to treatment in men younger than 50 years with testosterone deficiency and sexual dysfunction or infertility.

Purpose: Testosterone deficiency is a known risk factor for osteopenia and osteoporosis in older men. Less is known about the impact of testosterone deficiency on bone mineral density in younger men.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts at an andrology/infertility clinic and identified 399 men younger than 50 years who underwent baseline dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and had total testosterone less than 350 ng/dl or free testosterone less than 1.5 ng/dl. Additional analysis was done in a subgroup of 75 men (18.8%) in whom dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was repeated after treatment at a mean ± SD of 30.4 ± 16.2 months. The determination of osteoporosis or osteopenia was based on T-scores (osteopenia less than –1.0 and osteoporosis less than –2.5) of the lumbar spine and left hip.Results: Of all 399 men 141 (35.3%) had bone mineral density consistent with osteopenia at the lumbar spine (137) and/or the total hip (19). In 11 men (2.75%) bone mineral density was consistent with os...
Algorithm for the classic dual cosine equation

An algorithm for numerically solving the classic dual cosine equation is obtained from an emended version of a singular integral solution due to Noble and Whiteman. A preliminary Fourier analysis is made of the data, and computational rules are derived by the systematic reduction of the singular integrals for each ordinary Fourier component of the data. Extensive numerical testing provides evidence for the correctness of the modified singular integral solution and the algorithm, whose implementation in ANSI FORTRAN is appended.
‘Rude speech’ and ‘ignorant audience’: power of ignorance and language politics at an Aotearoa/New Zealand school

In studies of minority language education, researchers tend to base their arguments on the assumption that knowledge empowers and ignorance disempowers. In this article, however, I show two alternative dynamics of knowledge and relations of dominance by drawing on my ethnographic fieldwork at a secondary school in Aotearoa/New Zealand in 1997–8. First, by analyzing the ways some Pākehā (white) parents complained about Māori speeches at school by saying ‘not everyone understands it’, I argue that relations of dominance can create the legitimacy even in ignorance and work to marginalize an already repressed minority language. Second, by showing how other Pākehā accepted the speeches even though they did not understand them, I argue that an acknowledgement of ignorance can be an act of embracing the unknowable cultural others by abandoning a sense of entitlement to know. From these observations, this paper suggests a reformulation of the understanding of the relationship between knowledge and power and calls...
Millimeter-wave sensor image analysis

Images of an airborne, scanning, radiometer operating at a frequency of 98 GHz, have been analyzed. The mm-wave images were obtained in 1985/1986 using the JPL mm-wave imaging sensor. The goal of this study was to enhance the information content of these images and make their interpretation easier for human analysis. In this paper, a visual interpretative approach was used for information extraction from the images. This included application of nonlinear transform techniques for noise reduction and for color, contrast and edge enhancement. Results of the techniques on selected mm-wave images are presented.
Fixed-point constructions in order-enriched categories☆

Abstract The fixed-point construction of Scott, giving a continuous lattice solution of equations X ≅ T(X) where T is an endofunctor on the category of continuous lattices, is extended to categories enriched by partial orderings on the morphism sets. The result allows data structures to be realized not only in the category of continuous lattices, but also in the category of complete lattices, in the category of complete partial orders, or in any of several related categories of partial orders.
Main coronary artery and coronary ostial stenosis in children: detection by transthoracic color flow and pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

Abstract Coronary artery stenosis (CAS) and coronary ostial stenosis (COS) are potentially life-threatening conditions. The echocardiographic diagnosis of CAS and COS in children has not been described. We report on the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings of CAS and COS in children. Six patients, aged 1 week to 12 years, with clinically confirmed COS (n = 5) and CAS (n = l) were diagnosed by TTE. Their echocardiographic findings were compared with 26 healthy control subjects of a similar age range. Left COS was associated with an aberrant left coronary artery (CA) from the contralateral aortic sinus (n = 2), an intramural left CA with d-transposition of the great vessels (n = l), and supravalvular aortic stenosis (n = l). Right COS was present in a patient with aortic valvular stenosis. Acquired left main CAS was diagnosed in the sixth patient 3 years after orthotopic heart transplantation. Coronary ostial stenosis was recognized when a color flow acceleration signal was present proximal to and extending into the coronary ostium (CO). Coronary artery stenosis was detected when a coarctated color flow stream was present within the stenosed CA segment with turbulent distal flow. These findings were not detected in the control cohort who demonstrated laminar CA and CO flow signals. All patients had increased spectral velocity in the CA distal to the stenosed segment (patients = 50 ± 5 cm/s, controls=24 ± 6 cm/sec; P
Experimental study of liquid metal embrittlement for the aluminum 7075–mercury couple

Abstract Embrittlement of ductile structural members, whether under the presence of static or cyclic loading, can occur when surrounded by a corrosive environment. Several examples of catastrophic failures due to a form of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) are available, with the failures of Liberty Ship hulls most commonly referred. Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) is a subset of EAC that results in the embrittlement of structural materials when intimately contacted by specific liquid metals. Several theories exist with the goal of identifying the key microstructural failure mechanism; however, most cannot account for all solid–liquid couples and do not incorporate a form of load dependency. Static and dynamic mechanical testing of notched and cracked specimens, respectively, was implemented to identify the dominant microstructural failure mechanisms and incorporate a load dependency on the life expectation of components. Results reveal crack initiation life behavior that is dependent on the time and load that the structural component remains subjected to LME conditions.
The strong consistency of maximum likelihood estimates for nonlinear systems

We consider families of stochastic processes indexed by a finite number of alternative parameter values. For general classes of stochastic processes it is shown that maximum likelihood estimates converge almost surely to the correct parameter value. This is established by use of a submartingale property of the sequence of maximized likelihood ratios together with a technique first employed by Wald [3] in the case of independent identically distributed random variables.
Reasoning-and-Proving in School Mathematics Textbooks

Despite widespread agreement that the activity of reasoning-and-proving should be central to all students' mathematical experiences, many students face serious difficulties with this activity. Mathematics textbooks can play an important role in students' opportunities to engage in reasoning-and-proving: research suggests that many decisions that teachers make about what tasks to implement in their classrooms and when and how to implement them are mediated by the textbooks they use. Yet, little is known about how reasoning-and-proving is promoted in school mathematics textbooks. In this article, I present an analytic/methodological approach for the examination of the opportunities designed in mathematics textbooks for students to engage in reasoning-and-proving. In addition, I exemplify the utility of the approach in an examination of a strategically selected American mathematics textbook series. I use the findings from this examination as a context to discuss issues of textbook design in the domain of rea...
Meta-analytic methods to test relative efficacy

In the context of multiple treatments for a particular problem or disorder, it is important theoretically and clinically to investigate whether any one treatment is more effective than another. Typically researchers report the results of the comparison of two treatments, and the meta-analytic problem is to synthesize the various comparisons of two treatments to test the omnibus null hypothesis that the true differences of all particular pairs of treatments are zero versus the alternative that there is at least one true nonzero difference. Two tests, one proposed by Wampold et al. (Psychol. Bull. 122:203–215, 1997) based on the homogeneity of effects, and one proposed here based on the distribution of the absolute value of the effects, were investigated. Based on a Monte Carlo simulation, both tests adequately maintained nominal error rates, and both demonstrated adequate power, although the Wampold test was slightly more powerful for non-uniform alternatives. The error rates and power were essentially unchanged in the presence of random effects. The tests were illustrated with a reanalysis of two published meta-analyses (psychotherapy and antidepressants). It is concluded that both tests are viable for testing the omnibus null hypothesis of no treatment differences.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE ISOZYMES (FBP-I AND FBP-II GENE PRODUCTS) IN CYANOBACTERIA

Synechococcus PCC 7942 contains two fructose-1,6bisphosphatase isozymes (FBPase-I and FBPase-II), while Synechocystis PCC 6803 has only one (FBPase-I) in spite of the occurrence of two FBPase isozyme genes [Tamoi et al. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Ada 1383: 232]. We now demonstrate that disruption of the gene encoding FBPase-II (fbp-II) with a kanamycin resistance gene cartridge does not affect cell growth, Chi content, or CO2 assimilation in Synechococcus PCC 7942, and disruption of the gene encoding FBPase-I (fbp-I) is a lethal mutation in both cyanobacteria. Accordingly, it is clear that FBPase-I is necessary to sustain photosynthesis and gluconeogenesis in cyanobacteria.
Perceived and actual academic competence in maltreated children.

Abstract Objective: The aims were twofold: 1) to determine whether maltreated and nonmaltreated children differed in the accuracy of their self-assessments of academic achievement; and 2) to determine whether discrepancies between perceived and actual academic competence were related to perceptions of social support from mothers, teachers, and peers. Method: A sample of 195 maltreated children known to a state protective service agency was compared to a control group of 179 nonmaltreated children. The groups were matched on child’s gender, age, ethnicity, and birth order; socioeconomic ranking of neighborhood; and family structure. Results: Although maltreated children had significantly lower achievement scores than did nonmaltreated children, the two groups did not differ on perceived academic competence. With regard to discrepancies between perceived and actual competence, maltreated children were more likely than nonmaltreated children to overestimate their level of competence, particularly for reading and arithmetic. Overall, children who reported low maternal support were more likely to overestimate reading competence than were those who reported average or high maternal support. When maltreatment status was considered, maltreated children with low support seemed likely to overestimate abilities, whereas nonmaltreated children with low support seemed likely to underestimate competence. Conclusions: Maltreated children may overestimate their academic abilities in order to compensate for self-perceptions of low self-worth. Efforts to improve academic performance in maltreated children should focus not only on increasing academic skills but also on enhancing self-esteem.
Prototype autonomous mini-buoy for use in a wireless networked, ocean surface sensor array

We report the design, prototype construction and initial testing of a small minibuoy that is aimed at use in a coordinated, wireless networked array of buoys for near-surface ocean sensing. This vehicle is designed to fill the gap between larger ocean surface vessels and/or moored buoys and subsurface gliders. The size and cost is low enough that these versatile sensor platforms can be deployed easily and in quantity. Since these minibuoys are mobile, they can keep station in currents as large as 25 cm/s or move as an adaptive, coordinated sensor array for high resolution in both time and space. The buoy is about 74 cm (29 in) long, 41 cm (16 in) wide (max) and weighs about 14.5 kg (32 lbs); hence, it can be deployed easily from small craft. Deployment times are about 1 to 2 days or more - longer with solar power. The buoy structure is fiberglass and PVC with two 2 W DC motors. Control is done with GPS and magnetic heading sensors and a PID scheme to maintain course. Communication is via a 900 MHz system with a range of 1 to 2 km and plans for a longer range HF/VHF or satellite system. The initial sensor system is designed for ocean hyperspectral observations as surface truth for airborne system calibration and validation and other ocean color applications. Acoustic, wave, air & water temperature sensors as well as GPS are included. The Mark I prototype has been successfully tested in a pool with manual control.
Mucinous cystic tumor of the pancreas: An analysis of fna characteristics with an emphasis on the spectrum of malignancy associated features

Previously, pancreatic mucinous cystic tumors were classified as either benign (cystadenoma) or malignant (cystadenocarcinoma). Descriptions of the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) findings of these neoplasms have heretofore emphasized malignant cytologic characteristics. In the following, we present a summary of a study of FNA characteristics from ten patients with cystic mucinous neoplasms, four of whom have correlating histologic material. In this study, we found a spectrum of cytologic features ranging from completely benign appearing to obviously malignant. We discuss cystic mucinous pancreatic tumors and the associated FNA findings helpful in diagnosis and categorization of these neoplasms. Also, we suggest the inclusion of a new entity in the mucinous neoplasm category.
The Economy of France in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: Market Opportunity and Labour Productivity in Languedoc

Recent scholarship makes the case that from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries, French peasants were just as effective as the large farmers of England in raising agricultural productivity when they had access to urban markets. This article shows that the peasants of the old regime province of Languedoc had access to urban demand and market opportunities, and brought about economic growth, but only by dint of massive increases of labour inputs. The results were paltry increases in labour productivity and the standard of living. The case of Languedoc demonstrates that the study of the social context helps scholars evaluate a society's potential for economic development far more than does the study of its markets.
An Analysis of the Environmental Moisture Impacts of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones

AbstractThe present study examines the environmental moisture anomalies present during western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) passage using storm-relative composites. Composited precipitable water anomalies reveal asymmetric anomalies with dry anomalies to the northwest and southwest of the TC and moist anomalies to the east of the TC. Precipitable water anomalies filtered in space and time suggest that the moisture anomalies in the northwest, southwest, and east regions (NWR, SWR, and ER, respectively) are partially due to the TC, while the anomalies in the SWR are also forced by a convectively suppressed Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and equatorial Rossby wave (ERW). Composited vertically integrated moisture budgets and backward parcel trajectories reveal that the moisture anomalies in the NWR, SWR, and ER are primarily due to the convergence of climatological mean moisture by the anomalous meridional wind. This convergence is induced by the secondary circulation of the TC in the NWR and ER and b...
EFFECTS OF FOREST ROADS ON HABITAT QUALITY FOR OVENBIRDS IN A FORESTED LANDSCAPE

Numerous studies have reported lower densities of breeding Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) adjacent to forest edges. However, none of these studies has considered habitat use and reproductive success to address mechanisms underlying the observed pattern, and most were conducted in fragmented landscapes and ignored juxtapositions of forest with narrow openings such as roads. We studied the influence of forest roads on Ovenbird density in an extensively forested region of Vermont, evaluating habitat use and reproductive success relative to mechanisms proposed to explain the density-edge relationship. Territory densities on seven study plots were 40% lower within edge areas (0 to 150 m from unpaved roads) than within interior areas (150 to 300 m from roads). We simulated the distribution of Ovenbird territories and concluded that passive displacement, where birds perceive habitat interfaces as boundaries and limit their territories entirely to forest habitat, did not account for the observed density-edge pattern. Territory size was inversely related to distance from roads, providing an alternative explanation for reduced densities near edges and suggesting that habitat quality was higher away from roads. Pairing success was lower within edge areas than within interior zones, but the difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of males that produced fledglings did not differ between edge and interior areas. We conclude that habitat quality for Ovenbirds may be lower within 150 m of unpaved roads in extensive forested landscapes, affecting territory density and possibly reproductive success.
High incidence of anergy in inflammatory bowel disease patients limits the usefulness of PPD screening before infliximab therapy

Abstract Background & Aims: Reports of tuberculosis (TB) in patients administered infliximab prompted the Food and Drug Administration to recommend that all patients being considered for this therapy be evaluated for the risk for latent TB infection by means of a tuberculin skin test (TST). The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of a TST as an adequate screen for TB exposure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Eighty-two consecutive patients with IBD (Crohn's disease, 70 patients; ulcerative colitis, 4 patients; indeterminate colitis, 8 patients) seen at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center IBD Center (Los Angeles, CA) being treated with or considered for infliximab therapy underwent a standard intradermal purified protein derivative (PPD) TST before or between infusions of infliximab. One or more control antigens ( Candida , tetanus, and/or mumps) were concurrently placed on 69 of these patients. Skin tests were read for induration at 48–72 hours after placement, and results were recorded. Results: None of 82 patients had a positive PPD TST result. Overall, 71% of patients (49 of 69 patients) with controls placed failed to react to any antigen. Eighty-three percent of patients (40 of 48 patients) who were administered corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive medications, not including infliximab, for at least 1 month were anergic compared with 43% of patients (9 of 21 patients; P
A power factor corrector with bidirectional power transfer capability

This paper describes a high-power-factor electric utility interface that is capable of bidirectional power transfer, i.e., to or from the electric utility. Bidirectional power transfer capability is essential in many servomechanical and power electronic drive applications. The circuit presented here is capable of serving as a rectifier, an inverter, or as a stand-alone power supply (when operated with a battery as a load). It performs these functions with significantly enhanced efficiency and construction simplicity in comparison to conventional boost-type high power factor rectifiers.
Multi-frequency resonant clocks

Clock distribution networks consume a significant portion of total chip power in high-performance designs. Resonant clocks are one proposed method to lower this power in modern designs as well as a fewer required clock buffers. Recent resonant solutions are limited to optimal performance at one particular frequency which is problematic since dynamic frequency scaling is often used to lower overall system power. This paper introduces the first scheme to produce a clock distribution network with a tunable resonant frequency. Experimental results show the resonant frequency ranges from 1.2GHz to 2.6GHz while saving up to 41% of the power on the clock distribution network when compared to the non-resonant distribution.
Morphology and function of rooster efferent ductule epithelial cells in culture

Abstract Regulation of the excurrent ducts of the testis is not well understood, particularly in avian species. To investigate the role of steroid hormones in the male reproductive tract, we developed a primary cell culture of epithelia isolated from rooster ductuli efferentes (efferent ductules). Efferent ductules of the avian testis comprise 77% of the epididymal region and form a mass of tubules containing a heavily folded epithelium enmeshed in connective tissue. The epididymal region was separated by microdissection and small epithelial plaques isolated by serial digestion with collagenase, elastase and repeated pipetting. Isolated cell plaques were cultured in a bicameral chamber on Millicell-CM inserts coated with two layers of basement membrane matrix, consisting primarily of laminin and Types I and IV collagen. Active ciliary beat was observed before plating and this activity was maintained for 14 days in culture. Cell plaques attached within 24 h and outgrowths formed a confluent monolayer by 5–6 days. The epithelial nature of cultured cells was demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining for cytokeratin. Light and electron microscopy confirmed that morphology and polarity of the original epithelial cells were maintained in culture. Cultured efferent ductal epithelium was cuboidal in shape and maintained many of the cytoplasmic organelles typical of these cells in vivo. The uptake of cationic ferritin indicated the endocytotic activity of these cultured cells was maintained. Estrogen receptor mRNA expression was maintained in cultured cells. These data demonstrate avian efferent ductal epithelium can be isolated and grown in defined culture medium for the purpose of determining the role of hormones and other factors in regulating the function of the epididymal region in the bird.
Ultrasound screening of first-degree relatives of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Abstract The pedigrees were constructed of 43 patients (probands) who underwent resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Seven probands (16.2%) had a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, child) known to have had an abdominal aortic aneurysm (multiplex family). To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed abdominal aortic aneurysm, ultrasound screening of first-degree relatives over age 40 years was undertaken. Of 202 eligible relatives, 103 (51.0%) were screened. An occult abdominal aortic aneurysm was defined as an infrarenal aortic diameter >3.0 cm or an infrarenal/suprarenal aortic diameter ratio of >1.5. An incipient abdominal aortic aneurysm was defined as a clear focal bulge of the infrarenal aorta, which was
Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes Incorporating Diarylcycloheptatriene Stations

The nature of the interaction between the tetracationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-4,4′-biphenylene) and molecular threads incorporating arylcycloheptatriene units as stations was studied through the differences between the proton resonances observed in the NMR spectra of free molecular threads and in those of corresponding pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes (CIS values). Molecular threads of different lengths possessing one or two recognition stations and incorporating two different isomeric arylcycloheptatriene units were used for pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes. The main contribution to the driving forces behind the complexation of pseudorotaxanes and the co-conformation of rotaxanes was deduced from the CIS values of distinct parts of the molecular threads. The unusual signal dispersion of the cyclophane proton resonances is attributed to the asymmetry caused by the molecular thread incorporating the asymmetric cycloheptatriene ring. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Stochastic and Dynamic Routing Problems for Multiple Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles

Consider a routing problem for a team of vehicles in the plane: target points appear randomly over time in a bounded environment and must be visited by one of the vehicles. It is desired to minimize the expected system time for the targets, that is, the expected time elapsed between the appearance of a target point and the instant it is visited. In this paper, such a routing problem is considered for a team of uninhabited aerial vehicles, modeled as vehicles moving with constant forward speed along paths of bounded curvature. Three algorithms are presented, each designed for a distinct set of operating conditions. Each is proven to provide a system time within a constant factor of the optimal when operating under the appropriate conditions. It is shown that the optimal routing policy depends on problem parameters such as the workload per vehicle and the vehicle density in the environment. Finally, there is discussion of a phase transition between two of the policies as the problem parameters are varied. In particular, for the case in which targets appear sporadically, a dimensionless parameter is identified which completely captures this phase transition and an estimate of the critical value of the parameter is provided.
The Theory of m-Sequences

In this chapter we will use the techniques developed in Chapter 9 to define and investigate the important class of binary sequences called m-sequences.* These sequences have fascinating mathematical properties and find important applications in telecommunications and computer science. Roughly speaking, they are important because they are easily-generated binary sequences that behave in many respects as if they were completely random.
LATERAL MOVES, PROMOTIONS, AND TASK-SPECIFIC HUMAN CAPITAL: THEORY AND EVIDENCE

In this paper, I study the role of lateral moves on individuals’ career progressions. I extend the theoretical literature by incorporating lateral moves in a standard job assignment model with taskspecific human capital accumulation. The main intuition is that, when upper level jobs require a wider set of task skills compared to lower level jobs, firms use lateral moves to develop their employees’ task-specific human capital before promoting them. Consequently, lateral moves are positively correlated with individuals’ career progressions. My model predicts that the individuals who are laterally moved are more likely to be promoted and to experience larger wage growth compared to individuals who do not move. Further, the individuals with very high levels of education are less likely to be laterally moved compared to individuals with lower education levels. I test the model’s predictions using a large employer-employee linked panel on over 30,000 senior managers in more than 500 of the largest U.S. firms during the period of 1981-1985. The empirical evidence supports the theoretical predictions and shows the importance of lateral mobility in individuals’ career and wage dynamics. JEL: J24, J31, J33
Game-Changing Event Definition and Detection in an eSports Corpus

Despite the growing cultural presence of eSports, no corpus contains this genre of entertainment. This paper presents how a preliminary corpus was created from broadcast speech from a professional game of the eSport Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO). The corpus was initially annotated following the Automatic Contact Extraction (ACE) event subtype definitions for game-changing events: deaths, injuries, and attacks. Event subtype definitions were modified for further annotation to detect a wider range of game-changing events otherwise not defined by ACE. A high degree of inter-annotator agreement for most event subtypes suggests that modifying event subtype definitions for an eSports corpus is necessary to detect the breadth of game-changing events.
Detecting abnormal behavior in web applications

The rapid advance of web technologies has made the Web an essential part of our daily lives. However, network attacks have exploited vulnerabilities of web applications, and caused substantial damages to Internet users. Detecting network attacks is the first and important step in network security. A major branch in this area is anomaly detection. This dissertation concentrates on detecting abnormal behaviors in web applications by employing the following methodology. For a web application, we conduct a set of measurements to reveal the existence of abnormal behaviors in it. We observe the differences between normal and abnormal behaviors. By applying a variety of methods in information extraction, such as heuristics algorithms, machine learning, and information theory, we extract features useful for building a classification system to detect abnormal behaviors. In particular, we have studied four detection problems in web security. The first is detecting unauthorized hotlinking behavior that plagues hosting servers on the Internet. We analyze a group of common hotlinking attacks and web resources targeted by them. Then we present an anti-hotlinking framework for protecting materials on hosting servers. The second problem is detecting aggressive behavior of automation on Twitter. Our work determines whether a Twitter user is human, bot or cyborg based on the degree of automation. We observe the differences among the three categories in terms of tweeting behavior, tweet content, and account properties. We propose a classification system that uses the combination of features extracted from an unknown user to determine the likelihood of being a human, bot or cyborg. Furthermore, we shift the detection perspective from automation to spam, and introduce the third problem, namely detecting social spam campaigns on Twitter. Evolved from individual spammers, spam campaigns manipulate and coordinate multiple accounts to spread spam on Twitter, and display some collective characteristics. We design an automatic classification system based on machine learning, and apply multiple features to classifying spam campaigns. Complementary to conventional spam detection methods, our work brings efficiency and robustness. Finally, we extend our detection research into the blogosphere to capture blog bots. In this problem, detecting the human presence is an effective defense against the automatic posting ability of blog bots. We introduce behavioral biometrics, mainly mouse and keyboard dynamics, to distinguish between human and bot. By passively monitoring user browsing activities, this detection method does not require any direct user participation, and improves the user experience.
Self-Report Measures of Depression in College Students

The Geriatric Depression Scale is a uait-oriented measure of depression, normed using older ~ndividuals. It consists of 30 true/false statements. One point is given for each "depressed" response. Brink, Yesavage, Lum, Heersema, Adey, and Rose (1982) have suggested that the ranges for normal, mildly depressed, and severely depressed individuals are -9, 10-19, and 20-30, respectively, based on findings that elderly depressive persons and controls had mean scores of 19.2 and 5.0, respectively. Yesavage, Brink, Rose, Lum, Huang, Adey, and Leirer (1983) reported similar means of 5.8, 15.0, and 22.8 for normal, mildly depressed, and severely depressed subjects. Best, Romeis, Davis, Morton, and Yesavage ( 1984) tested both older and younger adults. They reported means for depressed and nondepressed younger individuals as 8.8 and 3.4, respectively. They correlated these scores with responses to the Depression Adjective Checklist, finding a correlation of .64 between scores on the two inventories for younger subjects. The checklist consists of 32 adjectives. Respondents answer yes/no for each, based on whether each adjective describes their current state. One point is given for each "depressed response. This investigation involved an attempt to discover the correlation between scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale and a short form of the checklist for younger subjects. The short form of the checklist consists of 14 adjectives, which are rated on a three-point scale regarding how subjects describe
Donors with a prior history of cardiac surgery are a viable source of lung allografts.

OBJECTIVES End-stage lung disease continues to rise despite the lack of suitable lung donors, limiting the numbers of lung transplants performed each year. Expanded donor criteria, use of donation after cardiac death donors and the advent of ex vivo lung perfusion have resulted only in a slight increase in donor lung utilization. Organ donors with prior cardiac surgery (DPCS) present risks and technical challenges; however, they may be a potential source of suitable lung allografts with an experienced procurement surgeon. We present our experience having evaluated potential lung donors with a prior history of cardiac surgery, resulting in successful transplant outcomes. METHODS This is a single-institution retrospective review of brain-dead organ donors that were evaluated for lung donation in the period 2012-15. Donor and recipient characteristics were collected. Post-lung transplant survival was recorded. RESULTS From 2012 to 2015, 259 donors were evaluated, 12 with a prior history of cardiac surgery of which 4 had coronary artery bypass, 3 had aortic root replacement, 2 had aortic valve replacement, 1 pulmonary embolectomy, 1 two-time reoperative valve replacement and 1 paediatric congenital ventricular septal defect repair. DPCS, 6/12 (50% dry run) provided suitable allografts generating six single-lung transplants (three right and three left, 1 donor provided twin single-lung transplants) and one double-lung transplant. Interval between cardiac surgery and procurement for those rejected was median 5840 (IQR 2350-8640) days and interval for the donors that provided allografts was median 438 (IQR 336-1095) days (Mann-Whitney, P = 0.07). Recipient 1-year survival from DPCS is 100%. Recipient 1-year survival was 92% in allografts explanted from donors with no prior cardiac surgery (2012-13). CONCLUSION To date, this is the largest single-centre experience using lung allografts from brain-dead DPCS. Our experience shows despite predicted technical difficulties, with good communication between thoracic and abdominal teams, successful transplant outcomes are possible, when surgeons with experience in reoperative cases are sent for lung procurements.