cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder targeting pigmented tissues. The hallmark is bilateral granulomatous panuveitis with associated serous retinal detachments. It is more prevalent in darkly pigmented races. A genetic predisposition is suspected, but the trigger for onset of this disease is unknown. Diagnosis is based on clinical exam and ancillary testing. Choroidal imaging, including B-scan ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography, can be used to diagnose and monitor this disease. There are four clinical stages of this disease: prodromal, acute uveitic, convalescent, and chronic recurrent. Immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment. Most patients have good visual prognosis; however, some sequelae of disease can result in permanent vision loss.
Partners or rivals? Power and Latino, black, and white relations in the twenty-first century

Wilkinson’s award winning book, Partners or Rivals? Power and Latino, Black, and White Relations in the Twenty-First Century, is a timely source of knowledge for understanding contemporary ethnorac...
Electrocardiographic prediction of mortality in anterior myocardial infarction

Source Citation Birnbaum Y, Sclarovsky S, Blum A, Mager A, Gabbay U. Prognostic significance of the initial electrocardiographic pattern in a first acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. Chest....
The preliminary radiogenomics association between MR perfusion imaging parameters and genomic biomarkers, and their predictive performance of overall survival in patients with glioblastoma.

The radiogenomics association of neovascularization is important for overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma patients and remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to assess the association between MR perfusion imaging derived parameters and genomic biomarkers of glioblastoma, and to evaluate their prognostic value. This retrospective study enrolled 41 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The mean and maximal relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) ratio (rCBVmean and rCBVmax), derived from MR perfusion weighted imaging, of the enhancing tumor, as well as maximal rCBV ratio of peri-enhancing tumor area (rCBVperi-tumor) were measured. The ki-67 labeling index, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and TP53 were assessed. There was a significant correlation between rCBVmax and mTOR based on Pearson’s correlations with Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment for controlling false discovery rate, p = 0.047. The rCBVperi-tumor showed significant correlation with mTOR (p = 0.0183) after adjustment of gender and EGFR status. The mean rCBVperi-tumor value of the patients with OS shorter than 14 months was significantly higher than patients with OS longer than 14 months, p = 0.002. The rCBVperi-tumor and age were the two strongest predictors of OS (hazard ratio = 1.29 and 1.063 respectively) by Cox regression analysis. This study showed that hemodynamic abnormalities of glioblastoma were associated with genomics activation status of mTOR-EGFR pathway, however, the radiogenomics associations are different in enhancing and peri-enhancing area of glioblastoma. The rCBVperi-tumor has better prognostic value than genomic biomarkers alone.
Students’ Search Behaviors and Career Alignment for Internships

The present study explores the internship search behaviors of undergraduate sport management students at three public universities, including how much time is spent looking for internships, what resources are used for searching, and what criteria are used when deciding on an internship. The findings affirm previous research that factors such as compensation, location, timing, and career goals are important, but also reveal how students weigh these factors and how it affects when, where, and how they search for internship opportunities. This information is beneficial for employers interested in understanding the student’s perspective of the internship search in order to increase the size and quality of their candidate pool. Subscribe to JASM
Digital scholarship and the critical study of religion – four case studies

The organizing question for this thematic forum is this: how might projects of digital scholarship advance the critical, comparative study of religion? The time is certainly ripe for such a questio...
Comparative outcomes of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: An analysis of the National Cancer Database.

BACKGROUND A paucity of data exists regarding the natural history and outcome measures of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas (ASCP), a histology distinct from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this study is to characterize the clinicopathological features of ASCP in a large cohort of patients comparing outcome measures of surgically resected patients to PDAC. METHODS We identified patients diagnosed with ASCP or PDAC from the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2012. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment regimens, and overall survival were analyzed between the groups. RESULTS We identified 207 073 patients: 205 328 (99%) in the PDAC group and 1745 (1%) in the ASCP group. ASCP tumors were larger, located more frequently in a body/tail location (36% vs 24%, P < 0.001), undifferentiated/anaplastic histology (41% vs 17%, P < 0.001), and early stage presentation, (39% vs 32%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in OS when comparing all patients with PDAC and ASCP (6.2 months and 5.7 months, P = 0.601). In surgical patients ASCP histology was associated with worse OS (14.8 months vs 20.5 months, P < 0.001) but had lower nodal involvement (55% vs 61%, P < 0.001). ASCP histology was independently associated with worse OS, after adjusting for tumor characteristics, treatment, and patient demographics. In patients with only resected ASCP histology, negative lymph node status, R0 surgical resection, and receipt of chemotherapy was independently associated with improved overall survival following surgical resection. CONCLUSION Although patients with ASCP and PDAC tumors have similar survival when non-surgical and surgical patients are combined, ASCP is associated with worse survival in stage I/II resected patients.
Alkylations of Nitrogen-stabilized Carbanions

The deprotonation of an sp3-hydrogen α to nitrogen has been developed into a highly useful synthetic tool in recent years.1,2 Although some authors have suggested that this type of reactivity is a reversal of the ‘normal’ reactivity adjacent to nitrogen,2,3 we submit that this notion is inappropriate and should be discontinued. The α-deprotonation of dimethyldodecylamine4 and triethylamine5 was reported over 20 years ago. In 1984, Ahlbrecht reported that s-butylpotassium readily deprotonates N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine and triethylamine, and that the derived organometallics add readily to aldehydes, ketones and alkyl halides.6 An example is shown in Scheme 1.
An Introduction to Aromatario or The Republic of Utopia by Lodovico Zuccolo

Scholars have traditionally regarded Zuccolo’s critical assessment of More’ Utopia in Aromatario as rather trivial and insignificant. However, a consideration of the goal and nature of his criticisms leads to a very different conclusion. Zuccolo evaluates Utopia from a distinct viewpoint; he examines it against the model of the classical analyses of the ideal state. This approach permits Zuccolo to individuate philosophical problems which became recurrent points of contention in the utopian and dystopian tradition. The striking feature of Zuccolo’s criticism is that is very selective. His aim is not to demolish all aspects of Utopia systematically, but to explore the implications and applicability of some its ideas. In short, Zuccolo’s goal is to think with More, not to argue against him.
A novel xenograft mouse model for testing approaches targeting human kappa light-chain diseases.

Patients with immunoglobulin (Ig) light-chain (LC) diseases such as LC light-chain amyloidosis die with organ failure and need new therapies. We sought a model to test anti-LC siRNA delivery to human plasma cells, requiring circulating LC, in vivo indicators of tumor presence, and capacity for multiple injections of delivery vehicle. The JJN-3 human myeloma reporter cell line expressing firefly luciferase (FFL) implanted intraperitoneally (IP) in the NOD scid γ (NSG) mouse has a 90% prompt tumor-take, rapid LC production, and in vivo indicators of tumor measurable on day 5 post-implant (κ LC, bioluminescent signal, and soluble B-cell maturation antigen [sBCMA]) with median day 5 serum levels of κ LC of 1482 ng/mL (range, 255–4831) and robust correlations with all in vivo indicators. In preliminary attempts to deliver siRNA against κ LC constant region mRNA, we identified the 306-O18B3 lipidoid nanoparticle (LNP) as promising, safe and efficient in vitro. In vivo in the JJN-3 NSG IP model, after daily IP 306-O18B3:siRNA injections on days 5–10, a reduction in κ LC was observed on day 8 between control and test groups that continued through day 12 at sacrifice. This model is potentially useful as a platform for refining anti-LC therapies.
Nutritional and mineral content of prickly pear cactus: A highly water‐use efficient forage, fodder and food species

Increased demand for food requires us to investigate livestock forage and fodder crops that can be grown over a wide range of locations where their cultivation will not compete with that of the food supply. A large portion of the southwestern United States consists of underutilized semi‐arid land. Crops typically used for livestock fodder or forage have high‐water demands that make them uneconomical or unsustainable for semi‐arid and arid regions. The growth rate and low‐input requirements of prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus‐indica) make it an excellent candidate for forage or fodder supplementation or replacement in these regions. Previous reports about forage quality data on Opuntia have been scattered across multiple locations, growing conditions and cultivars. Here, we report on the forage quality and mineral content of Opuntia ficus‐indica grown under both field and greenhouse conditions. Crude protein was 71 and 264 g/kg of dry mass for field and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Field‐grown plants showed higher acid and neutral detergent fibre content than greenhouse‐grown plants reflecting higher cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin accumulation. Nutritional values were also compared to requirements of cattle to determine what deficiencies might need to be addressed through supplementation. These data suggest that Opuntia can be used in combination with other feed sources to reduce the demand of resource‐intensive forage crops for raising livestock in dryland areas.
Does covering routine dental care for the Medicare population produce cost savings in Medicare? A preliminary 2-year analysis.

OBJECTIVES We estimated the association between the use of preventive dental care and medical use and expense for older persons over a 2-year period to determine if a Medicare dental benefit for routine care could result in potential cost savings in Medicare. METHODS We relied on 2008-2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to estimate separate logistic and lognormal ordinary least squares regressions to analyze the influence of year 1 preventive dental care on either year 1 or year 2 use and expenses for total health care, office-based care, outpatient care, inpatient stays, emergency department visits, and prescription drugs. RESULTS Our findings provide evidence over a 2-year period that a Medicare dental benefit for routine care could produce an increase in office-based visits and expense. We also found that older persons currently using routine dental care have healthier lifestyles and greater access to care and use of preventive medical care than current nonusers. CONCLUSION Our results affirm the need for a longer-term study to provide any conclusive evidence as to the ultimate impact of a Medicare dental benefit on other health care use and expenses.
Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups.

The present study represents an introduction to the revision of Pheidole Westwood, 1839 from Madagascar. Sixteen species groups are established, of which eleven are revised below, and illustrated identification keys to species groups and species of groups revised in this monograph are presented. Two species are raised to species level: Pheidole petax Forel, 1895 stat. nov., and P. scabrata Forel, 1895 stat. nov. We also redescribe worker castes and designate lectotypes for P. annemariae Forel, 1918, P. nemoralis Forel, 1892, P. petax Forel, 1895, P. ensifera Forel, 1897, P. longispinosa Forel, 1891, and P. scabrata Forel, 1895. The following 46 new species are described: Pheidole aelloeasp. nov., P. alasp. nov., P. andapasp. nov., P. ankeranasp. nov., P. avaratrasp. nov., P. bemarahaensissp. nov., P. bemarivoensissp. nov., P. binarasp. nov., P. boriborasp. nov., P. brevipilosasp. nov., P. curvistriatasp. nov., P. diakritossp. nov., P. ehazoarasp. nov., P. ferrugineasp. nov., P. fisakasp. nov., P. fitaratasp. nov., P. glabrasp. nov., P. goavanasp. nov., P. lamperossp. nov., P. longipilosasp. nov., P. luteasp. nov., P. madinikasp. nov., P. mahaboensissp. nov., P. maizinasp. nov., P. makaensissp. nov., P. makirovanasp. nov., P. manantenensissp. nov., P. mantadiasp. nov., P. marieannaesp. nov., P. masoalasp. nov., P. mavesatrasp. nov., P. miramilasp. nov., P. moramanaensissp. nov., P. navoatrensissp. nov., P. ocypodeasp. nov., P. parvioculasp. nov., P. podargeasp. nov., P. praegrandissp. nov., P. ranohirensissp. nov., P. rugocephalasp. nov., P. rugofitaratasp. nov., P. typhlossp. nov., P. vatovavensissp. nov., P. voasarasp. nov., P. vohemarensissp. nov., and P. zavamanirasp. nov. At present, there are 69 valid species and subspecies of Pheidole known from Madagascar, but this number is expected to increase significantly with upcoming taxonomic revisions of the species groups not revised in this study.
Historical Protestant Influence, Subnational Institutions, and Organizational Structure in the U.S.

I argue that variation across U.S. states regarding historical Protestant influence leads to discernible subnational institutions. These varying institutional patterns among states in turn lead to ...
SU-E-T-112: An OpenCL-Based Cross-Platform Monte Carlo Dose Engine (oclMC) for Coupled Photon-Electron Transport

Purpose: Low computational efficiency of Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation impedes its clinical applications. Although a number of MC dose packages have been developed over the past few years, enabling fast MC dose calculations, most of these packages were developed under NVidia’s CUDA environment. This limited their code portability to other platforms, hindering the introduction of GPU-based MC dose engines to clinical practice. To solve this problem, we developed a cross-platform fast MC dose engine named oclMC under OpenCL environment for external photon and electron radiotherapy. Methods: Coupled photon-electron simulation was implemented with standard analogue simulation scheme for photon transport and Class II condensed history scheme for electron transport. We tested the accuracy and efficiency of oclMC by comparing the doses calculated using oclMC and gDPM, a previously developed GPU-based MC code on NVidia GPU platform, for a 15MeV electron beam and a 6MV photon beam in a homogenous water phantom, a water-bone-lung-water slab phantom and a half-slab phantom. We also tested code portability of oclMC on different devices, including an NVidia GPU, two AMD GPUs and an Intel CPU. Results: Satisfactory agreements were observed in all photon and electron cases, with ∼0.48%–0.53% average dose differences at regions within 10% isodose line for electron beam cases and ∼0.15%–0.17% for photon beam cases. It took oclMC 3–4 sec to perform transport simulation for electron beam on NVidia Titan GPU and 35–51 sec for photon beam, both with ∼0.5% statistical uncertainty. The computation was 6%–17% slower than gDPM due to the differences in both physics model and development environment, which is considered not significant for clinical applications. In terms of code portability, gDPM only runs on NVidia GPUs, while oclMC successfully runs on all the tested devices. Conclusion: oclMC is an accurate and fast MC dose engine. Its high cross-platform portability makes it clinically attractive.
Plotting the Stability Boundary of Cnoidal Waves in Microresonators

Previous dynamical methods to map the stability region boundary of cnoidal waves were semi-automatic due to sharp corners. We present a fully automatic method that accounts for corners due to Hopf bifurcations.
Family structure, the quality of family ties, and the positive development of adolescents: the family social capital of grandparents in low-income Singaporean families

Low fertility rates and an ageing population have resulted in smaller and increasingly non-nuclear Singaporean families, where the geographical proximity of nuclear and extended family members incr...
College students’ perceptions of “old people” compared to “grandparents”

College students are poised to take on important leadership roles in society, and as such, it is vital that they understand the interests and needs of people throughout the life course and that the...
Lessons learned in the development of a nurse-led family centered approach to developing a holistic comprehensive clinic and integrative holistic care plan for children with cerebral palsy.

Clinical problem Children with cerebral palsy (CP) typically receive care from multiple specialty providers including Developmental Pediatrics, Orthopedics, Physical Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, Clinical Social Work, Clinical Nutrition, Nursing and Orthotists, which often require many individual visits to the hospital annually. The potential for conflicting plans of care is increased by this fragmented approach, which may lead to duplication of services and increased healthcare costs. Solution To address the problem and alleviate burden for families, the Comprehensive Cerebral Palsy Program implemented a nurse-led comprehensive interdisciplinary team approach to provide optimal care coordination to patients and families, using an Integrative Holistic Care Plan (IHCP). During an annual 3-4 hour Comprehensive CP Clinic appointment, a team of specialists meets with the family, and a holistic, evidence-based plan of care is developed. The family-centered care plan includes summaries of each discipline's plan of care with individualized goals, recommendations, and evidence-based outcomes. After the visit, the plan of care is communicated with the family, primary care provider, and other community providers to ensure continuity of care. Results Early in the program and electronic IHCP development stage, clinical, and financial outcomes were improved. In addition to significant cost savings, family satisfaction surveys showed continuous improvement in the areas of access, communication, and coordination of care. Practice implications Nurses working in interdisciplinary clinics are in a position to facilitate improved outcomes by developing and implementing a family-centered care plan that provides a comprehensive holistic approach to impacting the areas of quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of care delivery. The use of an IHCP decreases fragmentation of care and duplication of services leading to healthcare cost savings and enhanced patient satisfaction.
Reprint of: Endomorphism rings of reductions of Drinfeld modules

Abstract Let A = F q [ T ] be the polynomial ring over F q , and F be the field of fractions of A. Let ϕ be a Drinfeld A-module of rank r ≥ 2 over F. For all but finitely many primes p ◁ A , one can reduce ϕ modulo p to obtain a Drinfeld A-module ϕ ⊗ F p of rank r over F p = A / p . The endomorphism ring E p = End F p ( ϕ ⊗ F p ) is an order in an imaginary field extension K of F of degree r. Let O p be the integral closure of A in K, and let π p ∈ E p be the Frobenius endomorphism of ϕ ⊗ F p . Then we have the inclusion of orders A [ π p ] ⊂ E p ⊂ O p in K. We prove that if End F alg ( ϕ ) = A , then for arbitrary non-zero ideals n , m of A there are infinitely many p such that n divides the index χ ( E p / A [ π p ] ) and m divides the index χ ( O p / E p ) . We show that the index χ ( E p / A [ π p ] ) is related to a reciprocity law for the extensions of F arising from the division points of ϕ. In the rank r = 2 case we describe an algorithm for computing the orders A [ π p ] ⊂ E p ⊂ O p , and give some computational data.
Hypercarbia at Birth: A Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of lntraventricular Hemorrhage

To test the hypothesis that birth asphyxia has a role in the etiology of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), blood was collected from the umbilical artery (UA) at birth in 28 premature infants of 26 to 29 weeks gestation and analyzed for hydrogen ion concentration [H+], PCO2, standard bicarbonate level, and lactic acid level. The infants were followed up throughout their nursery stay until a diagnosis of IVH could be made or excluded, either by autopsy or clinical findings. Infants with IVH had lower Apgar scores. There were no differences in UA [H+] or bicarbonate or lactic acid levels. However, infants with IVH had a significantly higher UA PCO2. Although the difference appeared relatively small, the increase in PCO2 during labor may have been relatively large. It is concluded that hypercarbia, possibly by increasing cerebral blood flow, may be one important factor in the genesis of IVH.
A cross-cultural comparison of group support systems (GSS) outcomes: a United States and Mexico field experiment

This research project was a cross-cultural field experiment designed to measure the effects of "national culture" (U.S. and Mexican) upon group performance in GSS (Group Support Systems) and non-GSS environments. Relatively few studies have considered cultural dimensions in their analysis of GSS and even fewer have employed empirical data to test their hypotheses. In view of the significant global developments in information technology, this has been a disappointing shortcoming of current information technology (IT) research. Two groups of hypotheses were developed that predicted the effects of three independent variables; national culture, support technology and identification features upon group performance, consensus levels and satisfaction perceptions, both within and between each national culture (U.S. and Mexico). Hofstede's model of cultural differentiation was used to predict the relative performance and perceptions of U.S. and Mexican participants. The research methodology utilized an abbreviated version of Hofstede's Cultural Values Survey as a pre-test questionnaire and a GSS Group Perceptions questionnaire as a post-test questionnaire to measure group and individual perceptions. A double translated Spanish version of each questionnaire was developed by the author for the Mexican sample. Experimental results within each culture indicate that Mexican participants generated more comments, more comment lines and more idea categories per participant using GSS technology than manual technology. Similar results, as expected, were reported for the U.S. sample. With regard to consensus, Mexican manual groups generated higher consensus levels than Mexican GSS groups. However, there were no significant differences in consensus levels between GSS and Manual groups for the U.S. sample. With regard to satisfaction levels, there were no significant differences between GSS and manual groups for the U.S. sample. However, the Mexican sample reported significant differences between GSS and manual groups in "satisfaction with the group decision" and perceived "participation equity". Experimental results comparing cultures indicate that while U.S. GSS groups were more productive than Mexican groups, Mexican groups, across all experimental treatments, generated higher levels of consensus than U.S. groups. However, there were no significant differences in changes in consensus levels between U.S. and Mexican groups. With regard to satisfaction and perceived participation equity, Mexican groups expressed more "satisfaction with their group's decision" and perceived more "participation equity" than U.S. groups. These differences were especially pronounced in comparing U.S. GSS and Mexican GSS groups.
Heterogeneous reactions : VI. Reactions of trimethylchlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane and chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane with potassium t-butoxide and sodium methoxide

Abstract The heterogeneous gas-solid reaction of trimethylchlorosilane and an equal molar mixture of potassium t-butoxide and sodium methoxide gave exclusively trimethyl-t-butoxysilane. A similar reaction utilizing dimethyldichlorosilane as the vapor phase substrate gave predominant incorporation of butoxide. The heterogeneous reaction of chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane with these two bases was extensively studied. The parameters investigated for the latter system include the dependence of the product distribution on temperature, nitrogen flow rate and the relative hydroxide content of the solid alkoxide base. These studies allow the assessment of the relative reactivities of these bases under the conditions of heterogeneous gas/solid reaction. Under these conditions and with partially hydrolyzed bases a substantial amount of displacement of the chloromethyl group from chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane is observed. The role of hydroxide ion in this reaction is discussed. Convenient syntheses of t-butyl methyl ether and dimethylchloromethoxysilane are reported.
Nonenzymatic reduction and oxidation of myoglobin and hemoglobin by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides and flavins.

The nonenzymatic reduction of metmyoglobin and methemoglobin by NADH or NADPH in the presence of ethylene-diaminetetraacetate can occur at rates greater than most of those previously reported for enzymatic reduction. The reduction rate is considerably enhanced by the mediation of various flavins, including FAD, flavin mononucleotide, and riboflavin. The system is generally more active at pH 6.4 than at pH 7.4. The presence of Amytal is without effect. Coenzyme Q6 and menadione do not function as mediators of the reduction. Myoglobins from mammalian and fish sources behave similarly, but tuna metmyoglobin requires a mediator for reduction. Flavins, particularly flavin mononucleotide, in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate can catalyze the photooxidation of oxymyoglobin, as well as the photoreduction of metmyoglobin. However, the flavin-mediated reduction of metmyoglobin by NADH or NADPH just mentioned takes place equally well in the dark.
Coronary pressure-flow relationship and exercise: contributions of heart rate, contractility, and alpha 1-adrenergic tone

We examined the impeding effects of exercise on coronary blood flow by analyzing exercise-induced changes in the pressure-flow relationship during maximal coronary vasodilation with adenosine in chronically instrumented dogs and assessed the individual contributions produced by heart rate, contractility, and alpha 1-adrenergic vasoconstriction. Treadmill exercise that increased heart rate from 118 +/- 6 beats/min at rest to 213 +/- 8 beats/min (P or = 30 mmHg (slopeP > or = 30) from 12.3 +/- 0.9 to 10.9 +/- 0.9 ml.min-1 x g-1 x mmHg-1 (P or = 30. While pacing continued, infusion of dobutamine (20 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 i.v.) increased contractility to levels similar to those during exercise but caused no significant change in coronary blood flow, as a decrease of the slopeP > or = 30 was compensated for by a slight decrease in P zf,measured. alpha 1-Adrenergic blockade with intracoronary prazosin (10 micrograms/kg) did not prevent the exercise-induced increase of P zf,measured but abolished the decrease of the slopeP > or = 30. When the increases in heart rate, contractility, and alpha 1-adrenergic vasoconstriction were prevented, exercise still increased P zf,measured from 15.8 +/- 2.1 to 21.8 +/- 2.6 mmHg (P or = 30. This residual increase in P zf,measured correlated with the concomitant increase in left ventricular filling pressure. In conclusion, exercise-induced decreases of maximum coronary blood flow were explained by increases in heart rate, alpha 1-adrenergic vasoconstriction, and left ventricular filling pressure, with a minimal contribution of contractility.
A reappraisal of the hermit crab genera Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards and Hemipagurus Smith (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae), with the description of a new species

The discovery of a new species from the waters of eastern Australia and New Caledonia has required a reassessment of the merit of the reinstatement of the hermit crab genus Hemipagurus Smith, 1881. Reappraisal of all characters ascribed to both Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 and Hemipagurus, in light of the attributes of Catapagurus franklinae n. sp., has demonstrated unequivocally that there is no justification for the resurrection of Hemipagurus. Consequently, this genus is once again relegated to the status of junior synonym of Catapagurus, and all of the species reassigned to or recently described in the genus Hemipagurus are returned to, or transferred to, Catapagurus. Catapagurus spinicarpus de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000, and C. danida McLaughlin, 2002, two species not considered in the recent revision, are compared to their closest congeners, as is the new species.
Spinning Disk Confocal Imaging of Neutrophil Migration in Zebrafish

Live-cell imaging techniques have been substantially improved due to advances in confocal microscopy instrumentation coupled with ultrasensitive detectors. The spinning disk confocal system is capable of generating images of fluorescent live samples with broad dynamic range and high temporal and spatial resolution. The ability to acquire fluorescent images of living cells in vivo on a millisecond timescale allows the dissection of biological processes that have not previously been visualized in a physiologically relevant context. In vivo imaging of rapidly moving cells such as neutrophils can be technically challenging. In this chapter, we describe the practical aspects of imaging neutrophils in zebrafish embryos using spinning disk confocal microscopy. Similar setups can also be applied to image other motile cell types and signaling processes in translucent animals or tissues.
How Good a Marker Is Insulin Level for Insulin Resistance

Epidemiologic studies have correlated fasting and postload insulin levels with the risk of coronary heart disease, assuming that insulin levels are reliable markers of insulin resistance. However, this assumption has not been systematically studied. The author measured insulin response to an oral glucose load and quantitated insulin resistance using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique to evaluate the correlation between insulin level and the degree of insulin resistance in individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. Subjects were randomly selected from previous population studies done in 1987-1989 at the Department of Medicine of the University of Kuopio in east Finland. Altogether, 50 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 28 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 54 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied. Correlations of insulin resistance (whole-body glucose uptake in clamp studies) with fasting or postload insulin levels were remarkably consistent, ranging from -0.58 to -0.74 (p < 0.01) in subjects with normoglycemia. In contrast, corresponding correlations were substantially weaker in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Among these subjects, only the fasting insulin level correlated significantly with insulin resistance (-0.47, p < 0.05 and -0.48, p < 0.01, respectively). The authors conclude that in population studies, only the fasting insulin level should be used as a marker of insulin resistance, particularly in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance.
p‐Acetyl‐α‐Bromohydrocinnamic Acid

p-acetyl-α-bromohydrocinnamic acid product: p-acetyl-α-bromohydrocinnamic acid Keywords: acylation; arylation; diazotization, preparation of diazonium salts; copper(I) bromide; bromoacetone, lachrymator; bromoketones
Approaches to Palliative Therapies for Alzheimers Disease

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual and increasing loss of cognitive function and behavioral abnormalities. The formation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are recognized as the key pathologies of the disease. Changes in the levels of various key neurotransmitters has been noted in patients with Alzheimer's disease and may represent the earliest biochemical casualty, preceding or signifying the onset of the disease. Over the last 20 years a number of approaches to the palliative treatment of Alzheimer's disease have been scrutinized. The majority of effort has been focused on cognitive dysfunction, as this is the initial and key debilitating symptom of the disease. The identification and commercial development of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors has, until recently, virtually dominated the field, and although efficacy has been demonstrated, the clinical results suggest alternate approaches are warranted. This review will highlight those palliative approaches that have focused on the improvement of learning and memory and not on the disease-modifying strategies of the beta-amyloid, tau phosphorylation or other neurodegenerative hypotheses.
Vitreoretinal Degeneration as a Sign of Generalized Connective Tissue Diseases

Dominant vitreoretinal degeneration was first described by Wagner as a benign ocular condition. This term has since become widely associated with a familial retinal degenerative process accompanied by retinal detachments, even though nobody in the family described by Wagner suffered from a retinal detachment. Vitreoretinal degeneration, often progressing to detachments, occurs also in several distinct bone dysplasias. I have provided a classification of syndromes with vitreoretinal degeneration and its signficance as a sign of connective tissue diseases (probably involving type II collagen). In this sense, it is similar to ectopia lentis as a sign of various connective tissue diseases.
Automatic Slow Speed Control for Locomotives

Special control apparatus has been developed and installed on four 2500-hp 6-motor locomotives to automatically maintain constant very low speeds for continuous loading of hopper cars in unit train service between coal mines and electric generating plants. Speeds can be controlled in the span of 1/8 to 8 mi/h in three ranges (1/8 to 1/2 mi/h, 1/2 to 2 mi/h, and 2 to 8 mi/h) with exact adjustment possible in any of the ranges. Manual operation by an on-board crew directed by radio from the loading location is now used. The special control apparatus presents the possibility of readily controlling train operation directly by radio from the loading location. The same locomotives are used in road service to haul the unit trains between mines and generating plants and may also be used for humping and weighing in-motion operations.
Effect of vasopressin on portal pressure during volume replacement after acute hemorrhage.

This study evaluated both the isolated and combined effects of intravenous vasopressin and volume replacement on cardiac output and portal pressure in hypovolemic dogs. Following acute hemorrhage and sustained hypotension (60 mm Hg for 45 min), 20 anesthetized dogs received either: no treatment; intravenous vasopressin (20 units/30 min); Ringer's lactate (volume equal to shed blood/30 min); or intravenous vasopressin and Ringer's lactate. At 30 minutes after hypotension, cardiac output decreased 52% and portal pressure decreased 61% in control animals. Hypovolemia plus intravenous vasopressin resulted in significant reductions in cardiac output (41%) and portal pressure (62%) compared to baseline recordings, but not compared to control animals. Following hypovolemia and Ringer's lactate, cardiac output and portal pressure increased to prehemorrhage levels. With vasopressin and Ringer's lactate, portal pressure remained decreased (39%), while cardiac output returned to prehemorrhage levels. This study demonstrates that administration of intravenous vasopressin during hypovolemia does not cause an added reduction in cardiac output and does not prevent restoration of the normal cardiac output by volume replacement. Moreover, administration of vasopressin during volume replacement prevented a return of portal venous pressure to prehemorrhage levels.
Field-independence and self-actualization.

150 subjects were administered Witkin's Rod-and-frame Test (Series 3) and Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory. The results indicated 9 of 12 scales correlated significantly with the field-independent perceptual style. rs were of small magnitude. Difficulties inherent in this type of research are discussed.
An evaluation of water cluster geometries derived from semi-empirical AM1 calculations

Abstract The calculated geometries of water clusters, (H 2 O) n with n = 2–6, obtained from the semi-empirical AM1 procedure differ from geometries based on ab initio calculations. The AM1 hydrogen-bonded linear dimer with C s symmetry reported by Dewar et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107 (1985) 3902], which corresponds to the most stable ab initio or experimental geometry, is only a local minimum. The AM1 C s dimer is found to be 2.0 kcal less stable than an unusual cyclic bifurcated structure (approximately C 2h symmetry) in which one of the lone pairs of electrons from each water molecule bisects the HOH bond angle of the other molecule. An additional local minimum, 1.7 kcal more stable than the reported C s structure, consists of a C 2v framework in which the two hydrogen atoms of one water molecule coordinate to both lone pairs of the second molecule. These results lead to questions regarding the use of the present AM1 parameterization in studies of hydrogen bonding.
Sediment transport in a small stream based on 137Cs inventories of the bed load fraction

We report on sediment transport in White Oak Creek, a small third-order stream in eastern Tennessee, whose sediments have been contaminated by the irreversible adsorption of 137Cs. Sediment cores taken downstream from a point contamination source record the recent history of sedimentation and contamination in the creek. Sediment size distinguishes between different sedimentation events. The contamination profile developed since the last sedimentation event is used to estimate the time of the most recent sedimentation event which agrees with higher-than-normal periods of discharge measured by weirs on the creek. It is likely that at least seven major bed load transport events occurred during 1985 and 1986. Total inventories of 137Cs in the bed load fraction were measured for six different size fractions for cores taken downstream from the point contamination source. The 137Cs concentration at any point in the creek is due to contaminated sediment transported to that location and subsequent contamination by 137Cs adsorbed directly from stream-water. The irreversible nature of 137Cs adsorption onto the sediments of White Oak Creek means that 137Cs can be used as a particle tracer in this system. Sediment transport in White Oak Creek was modeled by using a general transport model that has terms for dispersion, velocity, adsorption, and radioactive decay. For White Oak Creek, maximum velocities of 265, 215, 170, and 160 m y−1 are estimated for the 1–2, 2–4, 4–8, and 8–16 mm size fractions, respectively.
Changes in tumor cell response due to prolonged dose delivery times in fractionated radiation therapy.

Purpose: Dynamic radiation therapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, delivers more complex treatment fields than conventional techniques. The increased complexity causes longer dose delivery times for each fraction. The cellular damage after a full treatment may depend on the dose rate, because sublethal radiation damage can be repaired more efficiently during prolonged dose delivery. The goal of this study was to investigate the significance of this effect in fractionated radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: The lethal/potentially lethal model was used to calculate lesion induction rates for repairable and nonrepairable lesions. Dose rate effects were analyzed for 9 different cell lines (8 human tumor xenografts and a C3H10T1/2 cell line). The effects of single-fraction as well as fractionated irradiation for different dose rates were studied. Results: Significant differences can be seen for dose rates lower than about 0.1 Gy/min for all cell lines considered. For 60 Gy delivered in 30 fractions, the equivalent dose is reduced by between 1.3% and 12% comparing 2 Gy delivery over 30 min per fraction with 2 Gy delivery over 1 min per fraction. The effect is higher for higher doses per fraction. Furthermore, the results show that dose rate effects do not show a simple correlation with the α/β ratio for ratios between 3 Gy and 31 Gy. Conclusions: If the total dose delivery time for a treatment fraction in radiation therapy increases to about 20 min, a correction for dose rate effects may have to be considered in treatment planning. Adjustments in effective dose may be necessary when comparing intensity-modulated radiation therapy with conventional treatment plans.
Discursive Power and the New Labor Force: The Metamorphosis of a Speech Community.

Abstract This article describes the results of a six-month ethnographic case study of a French immigrant of Senegalese descent and how he recreates the culture of an American company's speech community. Data were collected through interviews, field notes, and shadowing the participant at his place of employment. The transcribed interviews and field notes were then categorized and analyzed. Conclusions indicate that the subject discursively controlled contexts that contributed to social change on site. Este articulo describe los resultados de un estudio etnografico que durante seis meses documenta las experiencias de un inmigrante frances de ascendencia senegalesa en su intento de recrear la cultura del discurso comunitario de una compania estadounidense. Los datos, recogidos de entrevistas, notas de campo y la observacion del participante en su lugar de empleo, mas tarde se dividieron en categorias y se analizaron. Los resultados indican que el participante, a traves de un control discursivo de diferentes...
Renal medullary-like carcinoma in an adult without sickle cell hemoglobinopathy

Renal medullary carcinoma has been almost exclusively diagnosed in patients with sickle cell anemia. O'Donnell et al. present a case of this rare and aggressive cancer in an adult with no detectable hemoglobinopathies. They describe both the histopathological features of the disease, and the systemic chemotherapies used to treat it.
Hyperuricemia, acute gout, renal insufficiency and urate nephrolithiasis due to starvation.

The levels of uric acid in the serum and the excretion in the urine was measured in a group of 43 obese individuals who starved for prolonged periods and were then fed low calorie diets. Many obese patients were noted to have abnormally high serum uric acid levels initially. With starvation, marked hyperuricemia occurred due to impaired renal clearance. Four patients developed gout. Renal clearance was improved with the administration of probenecid and gout did not occur in the treated patients. The sudden excretion of large amounts of uric acid when hyperuricemic patients were given probenecid led to the development of uric acid calculi in one subject. Feeding of protein or carbohydrate resulted in a reduction of starvation ketosis and serum uric acid levels while improving renal uric acid clearance.
Relationships between laboratory bioassay-derived potencies and field efficacies of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates with different spectral activities☆☆☆

Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis isolates with different spectral activities were not equally efficacious when applied to cabbage at the same number of IUs/ha for protection against larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. Preparations of the isolates were standardized against T. ni larvae. Variety galleriae isolates (HD-196 and HD-153) were the most efficacious per applied IU, and a K-73 type variety kurstaki (HD-73) was the least efficacious per applied IU. A variety thuringiensis (HD-264) and a K-1 type variety kurstaki (HD-1) were intermediate in efficacy per applied IU. Speed of kill and, to some extent, differences in the amount of food consumed appear to be responsible for the differences in efficacy per applied IU. When more potent B. thuringiensis isolates are discovered and developed, the recommended field dosages for the new isolates must be determined by actual field experimentation rather than by extrapolation from existing HD-1 data.
Design predictions for noise control in the cryogenic National Transonic Facility

Noise control in the National Transonic Facility - a cryogenic wind tunnel - has been examined in terms of acoustical design criteria, drive-fan noise and exhaust system noise. A duct lining with two layers of perforated sheeting and a gas-filled honeycomb core was selected for attenuating drive-fan noise. With the exception of attenuation peaks, attenuation of the lining was found to experimentally agree with predicted values at 20 C air temperatures. Exhaust system noise will be attenuated with a large muffler used in conjunction with a 6.1-m high acoustical enclosure. Fan noise from the fan-ejector system will be attenuated by fan silencers and the acoustic enclosure.
On short-beam shear tests for composite materials

Interlaminar beam tests in the form of three-point and four-point flexure are examined both experimentally and analytically. Experimental data are obtained on unidirectional composites. Photomicrographs of actual failure modes and results of a stress analysis based on classical theory of elasticity are utilized to supplement the experimental data. Complex failure modes in the presence of extremely high combined stress gradients are observed and cast serious doubts on the usefulness of interlaminar-beam experiments for characterizing the delamination resistance of composite materials. Further difficulties are encountered with ductile-matrix-resin composites.
TIR-domain-containing protein repertoire of nine anthozoan species reveals coral-specific expansions and uncharacterized proteins.

The intracellular toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain plays an important role in vertebrate immunity, but the evolution and function of invertebrate TIR-domain-containing proteins is not fully understood. This study characterized and compared the TIR-domain-containing protein repertoire of nine cnidarians in class Anthozoa. A diverse set of proteins, including MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88), toll-like receptor (TLR)-like, interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-like, and TIR-only proteins are present in the species surveyed. Increased numbers of TIR-only proteins were observed in corals compared to anemones, especially in the Acroporid and Pocilloporid coral families. This expansion could be linked to diversity of the microbial community on or in hosts and managing both positive and negative associations. Phylogenetic analysis indicates there are two groups of proteins with IL-1R-like domain architecture in anthozoans that potentially evolved independently of the vertebrate family. Bacterial-like TIR_2 domain proteins are also present, including one sequence with novel domain architecture. Overall this work promotes a better understanding of the anthozoan immune repertoire, which is important in the context learning about ancestral immune pathways and host–microbe interactions.