cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of attention in subitizing: Is the magical number 1?

Subitizing, the fast and accurate enumeration of up to about 3 or 4 objects, has often been thought to be dependent on limited-capacity preattentive mechanisms. We used an attentional blink paradigm to investigate the extent to which subitizing requires attentional resources. On each trial, subjects identified a target letter in an RSVP stream and then enumerated dots presented in the stream that were either simultaneous with the target letter or followed it by up to 400 ms. For numerosities from 2 to 9, evidence of an attentional blink was observed; only enumeration of 0 or 1 elements was independent of lag. Thus, even enumeration of 2–3 objects, which is within the traditional subitizing range, appears to require attentional resources. The relation of this work to studies on the attentional requirements of detecting a unique item among distractors, a supposedly preattentive discrimination, is briefly discussed.
Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in carcinogenesis and potential as a drug target

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is highly expressed in multiple organs and tissues, and there is increasing evidence that the AHR plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and disease. The AHR is expressed in multiple tumor types, in cancer cell lines, and in tumors from animal models, and the function of the AHR has been determined by RNA interference, overexpression, and inhibition studies. With few exceptions, knockdown of the AHR resulted in decreased proliferation and/or invasion and migration of cancer cell lines, and in vivo studies in mice overexpressing the constitutively active AHR exhibited enhanced stomach and liver cancers, suggesting a pro-oncogenic role for the AHR. In contrast, loss of the AHR in transgenic mice that spontaneously develop colonic tumors and in carcinogen-induced liver tumors resulted in increased carcinogenesis, suggesting that the receptor may exhibit antitumorigenic activity prior to tumor formation. AHR ligands also either enhanced or inhibited tumorigenesis, and these effects were highly tumor specific, demonstrating that selective AHR modulators that exhibit agonist or antagonist activities represent an important new class of anticancer agents that can be directed against multiple tumors.
Dynamics of collisions of hydroxyl radicals with fluorinated self-assembled monolayers

We present a classical trajectory study of the dynamics of collisions between OH radicals and fluorinated self-assembled monolayers (F-SAMs). The gas/surface interaction potential required in the simulations has been derived from high-level ab initio calculations (focal-point-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ) of various approaches of OH to a model fluorinated alkane. The two lowest-energy doublet potential energy surfaces considered in the electronic structure calculations have been averaged to produce a pairwise analytic potential. This analytic potential has been subsequently employed to propagate classical trajectories of collisions between OH and F-SAMs at initial conditions relevant to recent experiments on related systems. The calculated rotational distributions of the inelastically scattered OH agree well with the experiment, which serves to validate the accuracy of the simulations. Investigation of the dynamics of energy transfer for different initial rotational states of OH indicates that an increase in the initial rotation of OH results in increases in both the final average OH rotational and translational energy and in a slight decrease in the amount of energy transferred to the surface. Analysis of the dynamics as a function of the desorption angle of OH from the surface shows that while there is a correlation between the final scattering angle and OH’s amount of final translational energy, the amount of rotational energy in OH is largely independent of the desorption angle. The mechanism of the collisions is found to be mostly direct; in about 90% of most trajectories, OH only collides with the surface once before desorbing, which exemplifies the rigidity of fluorinated monolayer surfaces and their inability to efficiently accommodate gas species.
DAT/SERT selectivity of flexible GBR 12909 analogs modeled using 3D-QSAR methods.

Abstract The dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR 12909 (1-{2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl}-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine, 1) and its analogs have been developed as tools to test the hypothesis that selective dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors will be useful therapeutics for cocaine addiction. This 3D-QSAR study focuses on the effect of substitutions in the phenylpropyl region of 1. CoMFA and CoMSIA techniques were used to determine a predictive and stable model for the DAT/serotonin transporter (SERT) selectivity (represented by pKi (DAT/SERT)) of a set of flexible analogs of 1, most of which have eight rotatable bonds. In the absence of a rigid analog to use as a 3D-QSAR template, six conformational families of analogs were constructed from six pairs of piperazine and piperidine template conformers identified by hierarchical clustering as representative molecular conformations. Three models stable to y-value scrambling were identified after a comprehensive CoMFA and CoMSIA survey with Region Focusing. Test set correlation validation led to an acceptable model, with q2 = 0.508, standard error of prediction = 0.601, two components, r2 = 0.685, standard error of estimate = 0.481, F value = 39, percent steric contribution = 65, and percent electrostatic contribution = 35. A CoMFA contour map identified areas of the molecule that affect pKi (DAT/SERT). This work outlines a protocol for deriving a stable and predictive model of the biological activity of a set of very flexible molecules.
A Hardware Design Language for Timing-Sensitive Information-Flow Security

Information security can be compromised by leakage via low-level hardware features. One recently prominent example is cache probing attacks, which rely on timing channels created by caches. We introduce a hardware design language, SecVerilog, which makes it possible to statically analyze information flow at the hardware level. With SecVerilog, systems can be built with verifiable control of timing channels and other information channels. SecVerilog is Verilog, extended with expressive type annotations that enable precise reasoning about information flow. It also comes with rigorous formal assurance: we prove that SecVerilog enforces timing-sensitive noninterference and thus ensures secure information flow. By building a secure MIPS processor and its caches, we demonstrate that SecVerilog makes it possible to build complex hardware designs with verified security, yet with low overhead in time, space, and HW designer effort.
Something Larger than Ourselves: Redefining the Young Artists at Work Program as an Art-as-Activism Residency for Teens

The Young Artists at Work Program at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (YBCA) recently shifted its model from an afterschool arts program to a young artists' residency. This decision arose from a desire to reposition the youth program as a priority within the larger organization, coupled with a commitment to deepening the pedagogical values of community engagement, positive youth development, and project-based learning. The EMC Arts Innovation Lab for Museums helped pilot the prototyping of a YBCA staff participation model, using an individualized curricular approach to activate new networks of internal and external support. This article details the ways in which an initially semantic shift led to significant changes in program scope, visibility, integration, and outcomes.
Overexpression of a dominant-negative allele of YPT1 inhibits growth and aspartyl protease secretion in Candida albicans.

To investigate the pre-Golgi secretion pathway in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, we cloned the C. albicans homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein secretion gene YPT1. The C. albicans YPT1 ORF contained a 624 bp intronless ORF encoding a deduced protein of 207 aa and 2·3 kDa. This deduced protein was 77% identical to S. cerevisiae Ypt1 protein (Ypt1p) and it contained GTP-binding domains that are conserved among all known ras-like GTPases. Multicopy plasmids containing C. albicans YPT1 complemented the temperature-sensitive S. cerevisiae ypt1 (A136D) mutation. One chromosomal YPT1 allele in C. albicans CAI4 was readily disrupted by homologous gene targeting, but attempts to disrupt the second allele yielded no viable null mutants. Since this suggested that C. albicans YPT1 may be essential, a mutant ypt1 allele was constructed encoding the amino acid substitution analogous to the N121I substitution in a known trans-dominant inhibitor of S. cerevisiae Ypt1p. Next, a GAL1-regulated plasmid was used to express the mutant ypt1(N121I) allele in C. albicans CAI4. Ten of 11 transformants tested grew normally in glucose and poorly in galactose, and plasmid curing restored growth to wild-type levels. When these transformants were incubated in galactose, secretion of aspartyl proteinase (Sap) was inhibited and membrane-bound secretory vesicles accumulated intracellularly. These results imply that C. albicans YPT1 is required for growth and protein secretion, and they confirm the feasibility of using inducible dominant-negative alleles to define the functions of essential genes in C. albicans.
An approach to measuring spatially resolved water crossover coefficient in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell

This paper reports on an experimental approach to measuring the water crossover coefficient distribution for the first time. A straight-channel PEFC of 6 cm 2 segmented into 10 pieces along the reactant flow direction has been developed. The instrumented cell, combining the functions of current collection and gas sampling with one pin for each segment, is capable of measuring current and species distributions simultaneously from a single experiment. The two distribution data are subsequently combined in a material balance analysis to yield the net water transport coefficient distribution through the membrane. For fully humidified anode and partially humidified cathode, the net water transport coefficient is found to range from 0.47 to 0.025, and the electro-osmotic drag dominates water transport through the membrane. For partially humidified anode and cathode, the net water transport coefficient lies between 0.19 and −0.24, with the negative value indicating dominant back diffusion.
Modeling of crosstalk and propagation delays in the crossing interconnections on GaAs-based VHSICs

We have developed computer-efficient models of the crosstalk effects and propagation delays associated with the bilevel crossing interconnections on GaAs-based VHSICs. The interconnections on the first and second levels were modeled by a combination of lumped circuit parameters and distributed circuit transmission lines. The ground and coupling capacitances used in the model include the fringing fields as well the effects of shielding by the neighboring interconnections. These were determined by the method of moments in conjunction with a Green's function appropriate for the geometry of the interconnections. >
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) starch- physico-chemical properties and functional characteristics

Starch was isolated from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) for a study of physico-chemical properties, functional characteristics and a comparison with starches from wheat, barley, wild rice, amaranth and potatoes. Quinoa starch granules range in size from 0.6 to 2.0 μm and are found within the cells of the seed as single entities or as compound structures of spherical or oblong aggregates. Quinoa starch exhibited a higher Amylograph viscosity, a greater waterbinding capacity and a greater swelling power compared to wheat- or barley starch. The gelatinization temperature range of quinoa starch was slightly higher than that of wheat- or barley starch. Amylose content was lower. As a thickening agent for fillings, quinoa starch performed better than other starches in the study. However, breads and cakes baked with quinoa starch were of poor quality. Volumes were lower, the grain non-uniform with thick cell walls and the texture dense and compact. The overall performance of quinoa starch in baked goods was similar to that of other non-cereal starches (amaranth- and potato starch).
A collaborative framework for enforcing server commitments, and for regulating server interactive behavior in SOA-based systems

We are presenting a collaborative framework to enforce server commitments, and to regulate server interactive behavior in SOA systems. Trusted components collaborate to establish a network of enforcement components, one per server, to maintain proofs of what servers have committed with their clients and peer servers. The trusted components and the enforcement components also collaborate to make servers accountable for their commitments, and to enforce policies on the interactions between the servers and their clients/peer servers. In our framework, such collaborative efforts are explicitly stated in the form of policies to ease the management of collaborative processes. Our implementation is based on the LGI mechanism, complies with SOA standards, and does not require any change of the conventional SOAP-based protocol, the UDDI server, or the programs employed by servers and their clients.
Remodeling a Rheumatology Practice to Facilitate Early Referral

In the next 12 months, 7500 Canadians and 75,000 Americans will be afflicted with the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Little is known about the health care use of patients with early RA. Nonetheless, rheumatologists and outcomes researchers strongly endorse the need for early diagnosis and treatment of this population. This article reviews trends and impediments to early referral of new-onset arthritis patients. The slow growth of early arthritis clinics is summarized in a survey that characterizes 23 early arthritis programs in North America. Also, several screening tools and models to capture these early-onset arthritis patients are presented.
Imaging of particle size and concentration in heterogeneous turbid media with multispectral diffuse optical tomography

We present a method that is capable of imaging particle size and concentration in heterogeneous turbid media using multispectral diffuse optical tomography (MSDOT). Successful images of mean particle size and particle concentration are achieved for the first time using tissue phantom data obtained from a ten-wavelength MSDOT system.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFUSION ON ELUTION PROFILES IN THE PHILPOT- HARWELL ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATOR

Abstract Annular electrophoresis columns, which can be stabilized against natural convection by using anti-convectant packings (Vermuelen et al., 1971) or by applying a radial stress field (Philpot, 1973), are capable of processing biological material continuously at throughputs of several liters per hour, almost three orders of magnitude greater than planar ‘thin-film’ columns. Despite such advances in equipment design, few models have been developed to predict performance of these devices and all of these models rely on over-simplified descriptions of the column in order to obtain approximate expressions for solute concentrations and fluxes. In this paper, the convection-diffusion equation is used to derive an accurate model of the solute behavior in an annular electrophoresis column. The governing equations are then solved analytically and used to predict particle trajectories in the absence of diffusion and to compute effluent profiles when diffusive effects are important. The results demonstrate that...
Combined routing, channel scheduling, and power control in packet radio ad hoc networks with cellular overlay

We present the development of a framework for a high capacity wireless network for Internet applications. By replacing some of the network nodes with wireless routers, we form a wireless multihop network overlaid an a cellular structure. This paper addresses the problem of jointly optimizing routing, channel scheduling, and power control to maximin the total system throughput under a transmit power constraint. We demonstrate that by considering the interrelationship among the network, data link, and physical layers, we increase the network throughput. The work is based on minimizing a defined objective function which includes the cost related to the transmit power for emptying the buffer with a certain amount of information and the selected route to the final destination.
Prediction of atmospheric δ13CO2 using plant cuticle isolated from fluvial sediment: Tests across a gradient in salt content

Abstract In order to test the assertion that the carbon-isotopic composition of the ancient atmosphere (δ13CO2) can be reconstructed from the carbon-isotopic composition of fossil terrestrial plant tissues across a variety of environments, the δ13C value of land-plant tissues isolated from modern fluvial sediments was compared to that of today's atmosphere. Plant stem and leaf fragments were isolated from organic carbon-rich sediments of the Black River in Jamaica, which drains a basin containing only C3 ecosystems. Sediment was sampled at 12 sites along a dissolved salt-content gradient, from the coastal plain to near its mouth, which allowed evaluation of the effect of salt influence on the organic carbon-isotope signature. Many properties of the sediment varied systematically with salt content (e.g., mass-percent carbonate, abundance of palynomorphs, δ13C and δ18O values of carbonate), confirming a significant and increasing marine influence closer to the mouth of the river. The δ13C value of total org...
Planning in Small vs. Large Businesses: Do Managers Prefer Different Tools?

Evidence that large and small businesses approach problems differently has raised ques- tions concerning the validity of applying large business prescriptions to small businesses. This issue was addressed bypresenting both large and small business planners with planning prob- lems differing in environmental volatility, system adaptation and nature of planning re- quirements. Different combinations of these factors were used togenerate twelve distinct plan- ning situations. Eight information processing aids were identified that have been described in the literature as planning tools. Each aid has been prescribed to be more appropriate for use in some planning situations than in others. The research tested hypotheses that planners in specific situations would use planning aids prescr ibed for those situations and that large and small business planners would approach the problems differently. Results are interpreted as indicating that use of planning aids does not correspond closely to the theoretical prescrip- tions but that other implicit theories may be operating and the implicit theories used in small businesses may be different than those used in large organizations.
An unusual case of acute wandering paralysis

Abstract The authors reported on a 63-year-old diabetic male who developed a strange wandering hemiparesis affecting first left side and then right side, not consistent with a right parasagittal meningioma nor with ischemic stroke. The subsequent rapid worsening of clinical picture, with occurrence of paraparesis, urinary incontinence and midthoracic sensory level, together with the evidence of leucocytosis, led to the diagnosis of a T6-T7 spondylodiscitis with spinal cord compression. The authors underlied the difficulties in diagnosing this condition in the setting of general hospital practice and the importance of clinical and neurological examination.
Nanoporous Carbon Sponge as the Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Lithium ion battery is the choice for future generations of portable electronics and hybrid and electric vehicles due to its high energy density, power density and long cycle life compared to other battery technologies. However, current graphite anode limits its application due to the low energy density derived from layered graphitic structure and low rate capability due to the slow diffusion of Li ion in graphite. In this study, a simple and versatile approach was developed to generate nanoporous carbon sponge using the combination of hard templating and etching reaction. The electrochemical properties have been tested with these novel anode materials, which showed remarkable electrochemical performance and cycling stability. Therefore, the nanoporous carbon sponge is promising to be used as the anode materials for next generation lithium ion batteries requiring high energy density and power density.
MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR LOWERING ROLLING RESISTANCE OF TIRES

ABSTRACT Many countries are implementing regulatory programs to promote the use of transportation technologies that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance fuel economy of vehicles. These regulatory programs create a need for more durable and fuel-efficient tires. The increased cost of fuel for motor vehicles creates another driving force for improving the fuel economy of vehicles. Commercial vehicle operators recognize that fuel cost is a major driver of the total operating cost; therefore, they increasingly demand tires that are optimized for reducing the fuel cost of a trucking fleet. Rolling resistance of truck tires accounts for about one-third of the power required to move a heavy-duty truck and is the second most important contributor, after engine loss, to the total energy loss of heavy-duty trucks. Other than tire designs, rubber compound hysteresis contributes to the rolling resistance of tires, which affects vehicle fuel economy. There is a significant market demand, due to governmental...
Long wavelength photochemistry of ozone and n-butylferrocene: A matrix isolation study

Abstract The photochemical reaction of ozone and n-butylferrocene has been studied using a combination of argon-matrix isolation, infrared spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. The dark deposition produced a vivid green matrix that, when irradiated with red light, turned a brownish-red color. This green matrix as well as slightly red-shifted O3 infrared absorptions are indicative of the formation an initial charge transfer complex between ozone and n-butylferrocene. The spectral results support the photodissociation of the complexed ozone with red light (λ ≥ 600 nm) producing an oxygen atom, O(3P), and a dioxygen molecule, O2(3Σ). The O(3P) then reacts with n-butylferrocene to form products consisting of an iron atom with a coordinated n-butylcyclopentadienyl or cyclopentadienyl ring and either: (1) a pyran, (2) an aldehyde, or (3) a bidentate cyclic aldehyde with a seven-membered ring including the iron atom. The photochemical products were characterized with FT-IR spectroscopy, 18O-labeled O3 experiments, and DFT calculations using the B3LYP functional with the 6–311++G(d, 2p) basis set. A possible mechanism for the photochemical reaction is discussed.
Removal of Substrate for the Control of Chironomid Midges in Concrete-lined Flood Control Channels

The effectiveness of mechanical removal of substrates for the control of benthic chironomid midge populations in a concrete-lined flood control channel system (draining domestic and industrial waste water and storm water) was studied. Substrates from a 0.80 km long section of one of the channels were mechanically removed. Fine sand and detritus were the 2 predominant types of substrates in the area cleared. Preand post-removal benthic samples were taken at 3 sites in the area cleared of substrates. One site, serving as check, was located upstream in the uncleared area. Midge larvae and pupae belonging to 5 genera were taken. In pre-removal samples taken from the area cleared of substrates, larvae of Cricotopus spp. and Dicrotendipes sp. predominated and formed 89.1% of the total midge fauna. Pupae constituted 10.1% of the total immature midges. The average midge density in the area cleared of substrates was 1303/0.09 m2 prior to the removal of substrates. Samples collected 3 days after removal showed a reduction of 87.0% in the total midge fauna. Satisfactory midge control lasted for 2 weeks. Benthic midge populations recovered completely after 4 weeks.
Intranasal Inoculation of Human Individuals with the Virus of Epidemic Influenza.

SummaryOf 11 human subjects inoculated intranasally with active cultures of the virus of epidemic influenza only one showed a rise of antibodies following the injection. None exhibited significant signs or symptoms of infection. The possible use of this procedure for preventive immunization will be further investigated.
Drug therapy for back pain. Which drugs help which patients

Study Design. A brief review of current literature and issues on drug therapy for low back pain. Objectives. To identify current knowledge and future research needs related to drug therapy. Summary of Background Data. Drug therapy is one of many possible treatment choices for symptom relief in patients with low back pain. The variety of drugs used suggests that there is no uniquely successful form of drug therapy. One reason for uncertainty and slow progress in this area is the limited quality of many clinical trials for back pain, with inadequate description of patients and outcomes being common deficits. Methods. A selective review of randomized trials and systematic literature syntheses on drug therapy is given. Results. Despite limitations, there is good evidence to support the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain and fair evidence for the use of muscle relaxants. There is greater controversy about the use of corticosteroids, which have been administered orally, intramuscularly, and epidurally There is conflicting evidence regarding epidural injection of corticosteroids, but one meta-analysis suggests they may provide a small symptomatic improvement for patients with radiculopathy. Trials of systemic steroids and antidepressant drugs for managing chronic pain are inconclusive. The only randomized trial of local anesthetic injection into trigger points suggested that this treatment was equivalent to that of saline injection, needling without injection, or vapo-coolant spray alone. Conclusion. It seems reasonable to recommend acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for patients with acute back pain, with efforts to minimize costs and complications. Muscle relaxants and narcotic analgesics may be appropriate for some patients, but selection criteria are unclear, and these drugs should be prescribed for fixed periods. Drug treatment for chronic low back pain is less clear, and a current controversy centers on the use of chronic narcotic analgesics for such patients. Future research should include evaluating combinations of medications, combinations of medication and physical therapy, systemic corticosteroid therapy, trigger point injections, and narcotic use for patients with chronic pain. Spinal stenosis is common in the older population, and more drug trials are needed for this condition.
Strategy on Improving the Timely-Birth Dose Coverage Rate of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Rural Regions in Dingxi City

OBJECTIVE To explore the strategy on improving the HepB1-OT coverage rate in remote rural areas.METHOD To hold the field trainings for part parents and village doctors in two counties whose HepB1-OT coverage rates are low,and continue to execute interventions,such as propaganda,trainings,etc..RESULTS The HepB1-OT coverage rates of all newborns and home-delivered newborns improve from 59.78% and 37.26% to 92.65% and 89.29% respectively.The awareness of HB preventive knowledge of parents and village doctors improve from 57.70% and 50.00% to 97.47% and 80.28% respectively.The hospital-delivered rate improves from 42.83% to 58.82%.The survey shows parents and pregnant women know finite about the reference knowledge of HB.Parents working outside with children,escaping the family planning,etc.are major factors resulting in the low rate of HepB1-OT in rural regions.CONCLUSION To propagandize among parents and the pregnant and fulfill the village doctors' responsibilities are the effective ways to enhance the HepB1-OT.Additionally,promoting the hospital-delivered rate is the crucial to heighten the HepB1-OT.
The effects of coronary vasodilatation on cardiac performance during endotoxin shock

Results of studies have suggested that endotoxin and lowered coronary arterial perfusion pressures are detrimental to cardiac performance and lead to failure. Prevention of cardiac failure in the isolated canine heart preparation confronted with endotoxin and decreased coronary perfusion pressure was possible by perfusing these hearts with sodium nitroprusside. Prevention of failure was manifested by a lowered left ventricular endiastolic pressure and was associated with increased coronary flow and decreased coronary resistance with increased oxygen delivery and decreased oxygen extraction. Possible explanations for improved performance by dilator perfusion include increased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to myocardial tissue as well as a reduction of ventricular wall tension by dilating the coronary vascular skeleton. Prevention of extravasation of interstitial fluid into myocardial tissue by reducing overperfusion of potentially damaged coronary vessels could serve to maintain myocardial integrity and ventricular compliance. The potential use of such therapy warrants further study, with emphasis on evaluating the hemodynamics of the intact animal.
Congenital retinal macrovessel causes reduced retinal sensitivity at the macula.

PURPOSE To report a case of reduced macular sensitivity at the macula due to congenital retinal macrovessel as measured by liquid crystal display (LCD) microperimetry. METHODS Case report. RESULTS We present a patient with normal visual acuity OU, with fundus OS revealing a congenital retinal macrovessel. LCD microperimetry of the macular area OS revealed reduced sensitivity of the superior retina (median sensitivity, 13.0 dB) compared to the inferior retina (median sensitivity, 15.0 dB) based on numerical values of the sensitivity. Such a difference of sensitivity was not found in OD which had a normal fundus ezamination. CONCLUSIONS The patient's congenital macrovessel may be causing a relative angioscotoma with reduced retinal sensitivity in the superior half of the macula as compared to the inferior half.
Study on Modelling Standardization of Double-fed Wind Turbine and Its Application

Based on the standardized modelling of the International Modelling Team, study on double-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine is processed in this paper, aiming at capability of universally and reasonably reflecting key performance related to large scale system analysis. The standardized model proposed is of high degree of structural modularity, easy functional extension and universalization of control strategy and signal. Moreover, it is applicable for wind turbines produced by different manufacturers through model parameter adjustment. The complexity of the model can meet both needs of grid-connected characteristic simulation of wind turbine and large scale power system simulation.
Pyrolytic-carbon coating in carbon nanotube foams for better performance in supercapacitors

Abstract Nowadays, the wide-spread adoption of supercapacitors has been hindered by their inferior energy density to that of batteries. Here we report the use of our pyrolytic-carbon-coated carbon nanotube foams as lightweight, compressible, porous, and highly conductive current collectors in supercapacitors, which are infiltrated with chemically-reduced graphene oxide and later compressed via mechanical and capillary forces to generate the active electrodes. The pyrolytic carbon coatings, introduced by chemical vapor infiltration, wrap around the CNT junctions and increase the surface roughness. When active materials are infiltrated, the pyrolytic-carbon coatings help prevent the π-stacking, enlarge the accessible surface area, and increase the electrical conductivity of the scaffold. Our best-performing device offers 48% and 57% higher gravimetric energy and power density, 14% and 23% higher volumetric energy and power density, respectively, and two times higher knee frequency, than the device with commercial current collectors, while the “ true-performance metrics” are strictly followed in our measurements. We have further clarified the solution resistance, charge transfer resistance/capacitance, double-layer capacitance, and Warburg resistance in our system via comprehensive impedance analysis, which will shed light on the design and optimization of similar systems.
Multilayered Parallel Endografting for Urgent Endovascular Repair of a Severely Angulated Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Total endovascular repair of TAAA using branched, fenestrated stent grafts have been performed with promising midterm results. However, severe angulation of the aorta as well as close proximity of the visceral and renal artery ostia pose a significant technical challenge in designing and implanting branched, fenestrated stent grafts. Parallel grafting offers an alternative technique, allowing an urgent, or emergent total endovascular repair of symptomatic, or ruptured TAAA. We describe a technique of 4-vessel incorporation in a total endovascular repair of TAAA, using multilayered parallel endografting via bilateral femoral and unilateral brachial access. A 76-year-old male with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease presented with a symptomatic 9 cm extent IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. The thoracic, and paravisceral segments of his aorta, as well as the iliac arteries were severely angulated, whereas the superior mesenteric and the celiac arteries had a common origin. An urgent total endovascular aortic repair was performed. The aorta and the iliac arteries were straightened by placing stiff wires from bilateral femoral arteries in a “buddy” fashion. In addition, a brachiofemoral “body-floss” wire was established. Over this body-floss wire, thoracic stent grafts were deployed in multiple layers, alternating with parallel branch stents into visceral and renal arteries. Distally, a bifurcated modular stent graft was deployed down to the common iliacs, achieving complete aneurysm exclusion. Patient recovered well without complications and was discharged home in 5 days. Postoperative computed tomography scan showed patent visceral and renal stents and complete exclusion of the aneurysm without evidence of endoleak.
Lessons From a One-to-One Laptop Pilot

The purpose of this study was to document the process one district used to design, develop, and implement a one-to-one pilot at its high school as part of its broader commitment to contemporary lea...
The Impact of Coverage Restrictions on Antipsychotic Utilization Among Low-Income Medicare Part D Enrollees

Prior research demonstrates substantial access problems associated with utilization management and formulary exclusions for antipsychotics in Medicaid, but the use and impact of coverage restrictions for these medications in Medicare Part D remains unknown. We assess the effect of coverage restrictions on antipsychotic utilization in Part D by exploiting a unique natural experiment in which low-income beneficiaries are randomly assigned to prescription drug plans with varying levels of formulary generosity. Despite considerable variation in use of coverage restrictions across Part D plans, we find no evidence that these restrictions significantly deter utilization or reduce access to antipsychotics for low-income beneficiaries.
Intersections of Fandom in the Age of Interactive Media: eSports Fandom as a Predictor of Traditional Sport Fandom

This study focuses on comparing the uses sought and gratifications obtained when consuming media related to eSports and traditional sports; in doing so, relevant areas of overlap and distinction ar...
Characterizing Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Receiving Publicly Funded Mental Health Services.

Publicly funded mental health programs play a significant role in serving children with autism spectrum disorder. Understanding patterns of psychiatric comorbidity for this population within mental health settings is important to implement appropriately tailored interventions. This study (1) describes patterns of psychiatric comorbidity in children with autism spectrum disorder who present to mental health services with challenging behaviors and (2) identifies child characteristics associated with comorbid conditions. Data are drawn from baseline assessments from 201 children with autism spectrum disorder who participated in a community effectiveness trial across 29 publicly funded mental health programs. Non-autism spectrum disorder diagnoses were assessed using an adapted Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, parent version. Approximately 92% of children met criteria for at least one non-autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (78% attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 58% oppositional defiant disorder, 56% anxiety, 30% mood). Logistic regression indicated that child gender and clinical characteristics were differentially associated with meeting criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, an anxiety, or a mood disorder. Exploratory analyses supported a link between challenging behaviors and mood disorder symptoms and revealed high prevalence of these symptoms in this autism spectrum disorder population. Findings provide direction for tailoring intervention to address a broad range of clinical issues for youth with autism spectrum disorder served in mental health settings.
Bright Light in Work-Sleep Schedules for Shift Workers: Application of Circadian Rhythm Principles

Basic research on human circadian rhythms has revealed principles that could be applied to many practical problems such as shift work. Although the problems associated with shift work have been extensively documented and also studied in laboratory simulations [1, 15, 16, 18, 28, 31], there have been few major work-site interventions based on circadian principles [6, 29]. About 20% of the people in industrialized countries are engaged in shift work. Their major complaint is of sleep disturbances, especially in connection with the night shift, but also to some extent with morning work. Sleep after the night shift is short (4–6 hrs) and of poor quality. Other common complaints are persisting fatigue, impaired performance at work, and gastrointestinal difficulties.
The Potential of Fine Particle Technology Applied to Ceramic Raw Materials

Metalliferous ores and a number of industrial mineral sources consist of mixtures of crystals. Purification involves the preliminary separation by grinding in some form to the point at which the individuals are pure and separate grains. This is followed commonly by separation using methods which rely on different bulk or surface properties exhibited by the constituent minerals.
Double Take: Evaluating Double Jeopardy Reform

In February 1990, Ann Ming found her daughter Julie Hogg’s body hidden behind a bath panel in her Teesside, England home.1 She had been missing since the previous November.2 The British government charged and indicted William Dunlop with her murder.3 Following two mistrials in May and October 1991, the Crown Court declared Dunlop “not guilty.”4 In 1999, while incarcerated for an unrelated offense, Dunlop repeatedly admitted to having murdered Hogg.5 He confessed to his prison nurse, wrote letters referencing his guilt to friends, and in a child custody proceeding stated, “I have admitted that I was responsible for the death of Julie Hogg. I stood trial at Newcastle Crown Court for her murder and was acquitted. I denied the offence and I accept that I lied.”6 Barred from re-indicting Dunlop for homicide by the historic common law prohibition on double jeopardy,7 the Crown prosecution took the “unusual” step of
Perioperative accountable care teams: Improving surgical team efficiency and work satisfaction through interprofessional collaboration:

The purpose of this performance improvement project was to design, implement and evaluate an interprofessional education initiative intended to improve surgical team efficiency, communication and work satisfaction. The development of interprofessional perioperative accountable care teams in three surgical specialties, cardiothoracic, neurosurgery and orthopedics, demonstrated a reduction in turnover time, increased staff, patient and surgeon satisfaction, and increased operating room (OR) revenue generated by the surgical specialties within one year of implementation.
Religious Denominational Policies on Sexuality

In an effort to integrate religious thought and clinical practice, this paper describes selected theological positions on sexual behavior taken by American denominations and religious groups. The a...
Taxonomic Differentiation Between Ascobolus Stercorarius and A. Furfuraceus

(1954). Taxonomic Differentiation Between Ascobolus Stercorarius and A. Furfuraceus. Mycologia: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 105-109.
Dietary Assimilation among Mexican Children in Immigrant Households: Code-switching and Healthy Eating across Social Institutions:

Immigrant health assimilation is often framed as a linear, individualistic process. Yet new assimilation theory and structural theories of health behavior imply variation in health assimilation as immigrants and their families interact with different US social institutions throughout the day. We test this idea by analyzing how two indicators of dietary assimilation-food acculturation and healthy eating-vary throughout the day as Mexican children in immigrant households consume food in different institutional settings. Using individual fixed-effects models and data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we find that Mexican children in immigrant households (N = 2,337) engage in "dietary code-switching," eating more acculturated but not necessarily less healthy food in schools and more acculturated but less healthy food in restaurants compared to homes. Findings advance theory and knowledge about how social institutions condition dietary assimilation in particular and health assimilation more broadly.
Breaking Down Defenses: Quantitative Analysis of Malaria Infection Dynamics Reveals Distinct Immune Defense Strategies

ABSTRACT Hosts defend themselves against pathogens by mounting an immune response. Fully understanding the immune response as a driver of host disease and pathogen evolution requires a quantitative account of its impact on parasite population dynamics. Here, we use a data-driven modeling approach to quantify the birth and death processes underlying the dynamics of infections of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi, and the red blood cells (RBCs) it targets. We decompose the immune response into three components, each with a distinct effect on parasite and RBC vital rates, and quantify the relative contribution of each component to host disease and parasite density. Our analysis suggests that these components are deployed in a coordinated fashion to realize distinct resource-directed defense strategies that complement the killing of parasitized cells. Early in the infection, the host deploys a strategy reminiscent of siege and scorched-earth tactics, in which it both restricts the supply of RBCs and destroys them. Late in the infection, a ‘juvenilization’ strategy, in which turnover of RBCs is accelerated, allows the host to recover from anemia while holding parasite proliferation at bay. By quantifying the impact of immunity on both parasite fitness and host disease, we reveal that phenomena often interpreted as immunopathology may in fact be beneficial to the host. Finally, we show that, across mice, the components of the host response are consistently related to each other, even when infections take qualitatively different trajectories. This suggests the existence of simple rules that govern the immune system’s deployment.
Bigger, faster, stronger: how racist and sexist ideologies persist in college sports

US college sports are prime cultural sites of racist and sexist ideological production [Coakley, Jay. 2015. Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies. 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; Eitzen, S...
Enhanced regeneration and reinnervation following timed GDNF gene therapy in a cervical ventral root avulsion.

Avulsion of spinal nerve roots is a severe proximal peripheral nerve lesion. Despite neurosurgical repair, recovery of function in human patients is disappointing, because spinal motor neurons degenerate progressively, axons grow slowly and the distal Schwann cells which are instrumental to supporting axon extension lose their pro-regenerative properties. We have recently shown that timed GDNF gene therapy (dox-i-GDNF) in a lumbar plexus injury model promotes axon regeneration and improves electrophysiological recovery but fails to stimulate voluntary hind paw function. Here we report that dox-i-GDNF treatment following avulsion and re-implantation of cervical ventral roots leads to sustained motoneuron survival and recovery of voluntary function. These improvements were associated with a twofold increase in motor axon regeneration and enhanced reinnervation of the hand musculature. In this cervical model the distal hand muscles are located 6,5 cm from the reimplantation site, whereas following a lumber lesion this distance is twice as long. Since the first signs of muscle reinnervation are observed 6 weeks after the lesion, this suggests that regenerating axons reached the hand musculature before a critical state of chronic denervation has developed. These results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of timed GDNF-gene therapy are more robust following spinal nerve avulsion lesions that allow reinnervation of target muscles within a relatively short time window after the lesion. This study is an important step in demonstrating the potential of timed GDNF-gene therapy to enhance axon regeneration after neurosurgical repair of a severe proximal nerve lesion.
Systems Thinking in Science Education and Outreach toward a Sustainable Future

Systems thinking, interdisciplinary research projects, and creative problem solving are ways to frame modern chemistry curricula to inspire the next generation of scientists, engineers, teachers, and citizens to use their skills and education to create a sustainable future. By integrating planetary boundaries, green chemistry, and the UN sustainable development goals, we use a systems thinking approach in undergraduate education and outreach to a range of diverse populations to drive discussion, exploration of scientific principles, and teach students how they can use chemistry to solve the distinctive challenges of the anthropocene. Interdisciplinary research projects employ critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity as part of the scientific method. Translating undergraduate research in nanotechnology, renewable energy, and sustainability into lesson plans and engaging in outreach to diverse populations promotes equity in science education and encourages underrepresented groups to seek careers in a scientific field. Community college students act as role models in outreach as they teach chemistry using a systems thinking approach, connect sustainability to STEM careers that can make a positive impact on local communities, and show underrepresented groups that they are needed in these disciplines. Engaging, interdisciplinary laboratories used in outreach, such as the synthesis of algae biodiesel, making paints from natural resources, sustainable agriculture and engineering, and DNA origami, access all aspects of systems thinking. Using systems thinking as a framework in science education and outreach teaches students the significance and relevance of chemistry while creating a platform for women and underrepresented groups to learn how important their representation is to contribute to a sustainable, equitable future.