cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in hair weight and hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia after treatment with finasteride, 1 mg, daily

Abstract Background: Finasteride, a type II 5α-reductase inhibitor, reduces scalp and serum dihydrotestosterone and has been shown to be effective in men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of finasteride on scalp hair weight in men with AGA. Methods: Sixty-six men with AGA received finasteride, 1 mg/d, or placebo in a 48-week study, and 49 men continued in a 48-week extension. Efficacy was assessed by scalp hair weights and hair counts. Results: As expected, hair counts improved with finasteride (net mean percent change ± SE [95% CI] compared with placebo=9.2% ± 2.8% [3.8, 14.6] and 15.4% ± 3.2% [9.1, 21.7] at 48 and 96 weeks, respectively; P P Conclusion: In this study, finasteride, 1 mg, increased hair weight in men with AGA. Hair weight increased to a larger extent than hair count, implying that factors other than the number of hairs, such as increased growth rate (length) and thickness of hairs, contribute to the beneficial effects of finasteride in treated men. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:517-23.)
Combined deletion of four Francisella novicida acid phosphatases attenuates virulence and macrophage vacuolar escape.

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular pathogen and the etiologic agent of tularemia. It is capable of escape from macrophage phagosomes and replicates in the host cell cytosol. Bacterial acid phosphatases are thought to play a major role in the virulence and intracellular survival of a number of intracellular pathogens. The goal of this study was to delete the four primary acid phosphatases (Acps) from Francisella novicida and examine the interactions of mutant strains with macrophages, as well as the virulence of these strains in mice. We constructed F. novicida mutants with various combinations of acp deletions and showed that loss of the four Acps (AcpA, AcpB, AcpC, and histidine acid phosphatase [Hap]) in an F. novicida strain (ABCH) resulted in a 90% reduction in acid phosphatase activity. The ABCH mutant was defective for survival/growth within human and murine macrophage cell lines and was unable to escape from phagosome vacuoles. With accumulation of Acp deletions, a progressive loss of virulence in the mouse model was observed. The ABCH strain was dramatically attenuated and was an effective single-dose vaccine against homologous challenge. Furthermore, both acpA and hap were induced when the bacteria were within host macrophages. Thus, the Francisella acid phosphatases cumulatively play an important role in intracellular trafficking and virulence.
An Observed Structured Teaching Evaluation Demonstrates the Impact of a Resident-as-Teacher Curriculum on Teaching Competency

Background and Objective: Residents play a critical role in the education of peers and medical students, yet attainment of teaching skills is not routinely assessed. The primary aim of this study was to develop a novel, skill-based Observed Structured Teaching Evaluation (OSTE) and self-assessment survey to measure the impact of a resident-as-teacher curriculum on teaching competency. The secondary aim was to determine interrater reliability of the OSTE. Methods: A prospective study quantitatively assessed intern teaching competency via videotaped teaching encounters (videos) before and after a month-long hospital medicine rotation and self-assessment surveys over a 5-month period. The intervention group received the resident-as-teacher curriculum. Videos were evaluated by 2 blinded faculty via an OSTE covering 9 skills within 3 core components: preparation, teaching, and reflection. Pre- to post–HM rotation month differences were evaluated within and between groups using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, respectively. Results: Twenty-two of 25 (88%) control and 27 of 28 (96%) intervention interns participated; 100% of participants completed the study. The intervention group’s pre-post difference for the total OSTE score and the average self-assessed competence statistically improved; however, no significant difference was seen between groups. The difference in preparation scores was significant for the intervention compared with the control. The OSTE’s interrater reliability demonstrated good agreement with weighted kappas of 0.86 for preparation, 0.71 for teaching, and 0.93 for reflection. Conclusions: Implementation of an objective, skill-based OSTE detected observable changes in interns’ teaching competency after implementation of a brief resident-as-teacher curriculum. The OSTE’s good interrater reliability may allow standardized assessment of skill attainment over time.
Towards measuring ion mobilities in non-stationary gases and non-uniform and dynamic electric fields (I). Transport equation

Abstract The feasibility of determining ion mobilities from measurements conducted in non-stationary buffer gases and in the presence of dynamic and non-uniform electric fields is examined theoretically and experimentally. First, an equation of motion of an ion ensemble is derived on the basis of a solution to the Boltzmann transport equation. Subsequently, this equation of motion is applied to derive the relationship between ion mobility and arrival time for the conditions present in an ion mobility drift tube and a trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) apparatus. Finally, the theoretical analysis is tested by determining the ion mobility of compounds present in an ESI tune mix directly from experimental TIMS data. Comparison to ion mobilities measured on a drift tube shows that relative ion mobilities are currently directly amenable from TIMS experiments. The analysis further suggests that absolute ion mobilities are, in principle, directly amenable from ion mobility measurements performed with non-stationary buffer gases and non-uniform and dynamic electric fields.
How Morphology Affects Singlet Fission in Crystalline Tetracene.

The dependence of exciton dynamics on the crystalline morphology of tetracene is investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence. Single crystals exhibit relatively slow singlet decays with times that range from 130 to 300 ps depending on the sample. This decay has an activation energy of ∼450 cm–1 over the temperature range of 200–400 K. Single-crystal samples also exhibit more pronounced quantum beats due to the triplet pair spin coherences. Polycrystalline thin films grown by thermal evaporation have singlet decay times on the order of 70–90 ps with a much weaker temperature dependence. Many thin-film samples also exhibit a red-shifted excimer-like emission. When a polycrystalline thin film is thermally annealed to produce larger crystal domains, single-crystal behavior is recovered. We hypothesize that the different dynamics arise from the ability of singlet excitons in the thin films to sample regions with defects or packing motifs that accelerate singlet fission.
Defect Engineering and Characterization in Oxide Surfaces using Electron Beam Irradiation

Electron beam irradiation at energies between 0.5 and 4 keV has been found to produce defects in oxide materials including SiO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2. These defects trap excess charge in the materials and affect their electronic and optical properties. Measurements of the thermally stimulated exoelectron emission following irradiation provides information on relative defect concentrations, defect creation mechanisms, electron trap binding energies, electron emission mechanisms and annealing properties of these materials. Electron emission during sample heating occurs via a variety of mechanisms including the thermionic emission of excess charge from defects at temperatures characteristic of each trap binding energy. By measuring relative trap concentrations as a function of beam parameters, we have identified electron beam energy thresholds for the creation of some types of defects which correlate with core level electronic transitions. Also, electron emission which occurs during defect annealing or diffusion to a surface shows the conditions for the elimination of defects. The ability to control and characterize defect formation and annihilation provides the possibility of engineering specific surface defect conditions. In addition, defect creation by electronic processes is very selective as compared with momentum transfer in ion beam damage of surfaces.
Fulfillment of patients' expectations of lumbar and cervical spine surgery.

Abstract Background Context Fulfillment of expectations is an important outcome of spine surgery. Purpose The study aimed to compare fulfillment of expectations after surgery with preoperatively stated expectations. Study Design This is a prospective cohort study. Patient Sample The sample included patients who had lumbar and cervical spine surgeries. Outcome Measures The outcome measures were self-report valid surveys—[ blinded ] Lumbar Spine Surgery Expectations Survey and [ blinded ] Cervical Spine Surgery Expectations Survey—Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Methods Patients preoperatively completed a valid 20-item lumbar or cervical spine surgery Expectations Survey measuring the amount of improvement expected for symptoms, physical function, and mental well-being. Two years postoperatively, patients were asked about fulfillment of each expectation; a proportion was calculated as the amount of improvement received versus the amount of improvement expected. The proportion ranges from 0 (no expectations fulfilled) to 1 (all expectations fulfilled as expected), to >1 (expectations surpassed). Patients also completed the ODI or NDI, as well as questions about 2-year interval events, such as subsequent surgery. Results Among the 366 patients who had lumbar surgery, 90% had at least some of their expectations fulfilled (15% expectations surpassed, 9% expectations fulfilled as expected, and 66% expectations fulfilled somewhat) and 10% had none of their expectations fulfilled; the mean proportion of expectations fulfilled was .66. In multivariable analysis, variables that were associated with a lower proportion of expectations fulfilled were more preoperative expectations, not working full-time, previous spine surgery, surgery for more vertebral levels, subsequent spine surgery, and less improvement in pre- to postoperative ODI and pain scores (p≤.05 for all variables). Among the 133 patients who had cervical surgery, 91% had at least some of their expectations fulfilled (23% expectations surpassed, 8% expectations fulfilled as expected, and 60% expectations fulfilled somewhat) and 9% had none of their expectations fulfilled; the mean proportion of expectations fulfilled was .78. In multivariable analysis, variables that were associated with a lower proportion of expectations fulfilled were more preoperative expectations and less improvement in pre- to postoperative NDI and pain scores (p≤.05 for all variables). Conclusions Fulfillment of expectations after spine surgery is associated with multiple pre- and postoperative variables, including the amount of improvement expected preoperatively.
Development on Anti-aging Performance of Nature Rubber from Latex Film

Development on anti-aging performance of nature rubber latex film was expatiated,which is improved by filler and chemical modification,anti-aging agent.
The Relationship between Religion and Views Toward Homosexuality: An Empirical Study of 98 Countries

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals in June, 2016, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to report the results of various studies conducted by the World Values Surveys on the topic of homosexuality. Those six studies, going back to 1981, asked hundreds of thousands of people in about 100 countries what their views were on homosexuality, specifically the extent to which it could be justified. This study compares views on homosexuality based on the religion of the participants in the various surveys. The a priori view of many people is that some religions are more accepting of homosexuality than other religions. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether those a priori views can be supported by the evidence.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series rank countries based on their acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, social class, level of education, and region to see whether these variables are significant. Another study is longitudinal, measuring the change in views toward homosexuality that has taken place over the past few decades. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.
Grutter and Gratz: A Critical Analysis

This Article will analyze the Grutter and Gratz opinions, especially Justice O'Connor's important opinion for the majority in Grutter, and will consider the significance of these decisions in terms of university admissions policy, justifications for racial preferences, and equal protection doctrine. The article will conclude that the Court's defense of the use of racial preferences does not square well with the Powell opinion in Bakke on which it relied so heavily. It will suggest that the Court could have offered a more persuasive explanation for the result it reached but probably felt precluded by precedent from doing so.
Paediatric interstitial lung disease

Key points Presentation of ILD is very non-specific. Imaging, especially HRCT, confirms the presence of ILD, but is rarely diagnostic. Invasive diagnosis is almost always needed. Bronchoscopy rarely gives diagnostic information in paediatric ILD. For most paediatric ILD, transbronchial or percutaneous lung biopsy gives insufficient tissue for diagnosis and carries increased risk. Open lung biopsy or VATS is the diagnostic investigation of choice. Educational aims To allow the reader to correctly identify infants and children with interstitial lung disease (ILD). To help the reader to appreciate the wide differential diagnosis, including that of disorders specific to infancy, comprising the surfactant protein disorders. To explain the strengths and weaknesses of the different investigative modalities used in establishing a firm diagnosis. To discuss the limited evidence for the different treatment options currently in use. Summary Paediatric interstitial disease is rare, and comprises many disparate diseases. This article aims to provide the reader with an update on how to recognise infants and children who should be considered as possibly having ILD. The diagnostic process, including the roles of HRCT and bronchoscopy, and the different methods of lung biopsy, will be set out. The newly recognised entities, such as neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis and the disorders of surfactant protein metabolism, are also described. Finally, the article reviews the evidence that exists to guide treatment of these conditions.
Hepatic stellate cells increase the immunosuppressive function of natural Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via IDO-induced AhR activation

Immunosuppressive, naturally occurring CD4+CD25+forkhead box p3+ (Foxp3+) regulatory T cells (nTregs) offer potential for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. However, potential instability of ex vivo-expanded nTregs following their adoptive transfer may be a significant limitation. LPS-stimulated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induce expansion and enhance the suppressive function and stability of allogeneic nTregs We aimed to delineate mechanisms underlying HSC-induced expansion and increased potency of nTregs HSCs and nTregs were isolated from mouse livers and spleens, respectively. Following coculture with LPS-pretreated allogeneic HSCs (LPS/HSCs), proliferation of nTregs was measured by CFSE dilution, and Foxp3 expression and acetylation were determined by immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting analysis. Expression of various genes associated with immunologic tolerance was determined by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). LPS stimulation increased the expression and activity of the immunoregulatory enzyme IDO1 in HSCs, and LPS/HSCs stimulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in cocultured nTregs Reciprocally, Tregs increased IDO1 expression in HSCs. IDO1-/- LPS/HSCs were inferior to WT LPS/HSCs in stimulating nTreg expansion. Pharmacologic inhibition of IDO1 in HSCs by 1-methyltryptophan (1MT) inhibited LPS/HSC-induced AhR signaling in nTregs, which was responsible for their expansion, Foxp3 expression, and stabilization of Foxp3 by increasing acetylation of lysine residues. Finally, HSCs cryopreserved, following 2-3 passages, were as potent as primary-cultured HSCs in expanding nTregs In conclusion, LPS/HSCs expand allogeneic nTregs through an IDO-dependent, AhR-mediated mechanism and increase their stability through lysine-acetylation of Foxp3. nTregs expanded by cryopreserved HSCs may have potential for clinical use.
The Impact of State Tort Reforms on Imaging Utilization.

Abstract Purpose Defensive medicine, broadly defined as medical practices that protect physicians from malpractice lawsuits without providing benefits to patients, can lead to wasteful use of health care resources and higher cost. Although physicians cite malpractice liability as an important factor driving their decisions to order imaging tests, little research has been done to examine the systematic impact of liability pressure on overall imaging. The authors examined the extent to which radiography use is influenced by malpractice liability pressure among office-based physicians. Methods Using National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 1999 to 2010, the authors used multivariate difference-in-difference logistic regression to examine the effects of different types of state tort reforms on the probability of radiography orders by primary care physicians (PCPs) and specialists. Results The probability that a PCP ordered radiography decreased when states enacted permanent caps on noneconomic damages (−1.0%, P P P P P P P Conclusions State tort reform seems to reduce physicians' ordering of radiography. This analysis also suggests that reforms that make it harder to sue physicians have a stronger impact than reforms that directly reduce physicians' malpractice claim payments.
Intersphincteric resection for rectal cancer with pull through delayed anastomosis. An alternative to coloanal anastomosis with covering ileostomy

Standard surgical treatment for low rectal cancer below 5 cm from the anal verge used to be abdominoperineal resection (APR). In recent years sphincter saving techniques, like intersphincteric resection (ISR) proved to be an ongologically accepted alternative. Operations for ultra low rectal cancer are challenging and coloanal anastomosis is probably the source of most postoperative complications. We present ISR with pull-through delayed anastomosis (PTDA) as a surgical option for the management of elective cases, when standard coloanal anastomosis (CAA) is at greater risk of dehiscence or a covering stoma is refused or dangerous.
Analysis or evaluation of risk factors and predictability of postoperative urinary retention following spinal surgery.

COMMENTARY ON: Lee S, Kim CH, Chung CK, Park SB, Yang SH, et al. Risk factor analysis for postoperative urinary retention after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine J 2017:17:469–77 ( in this issue ).
Presentation of the Mineralogical Society of America Dana Medal for 2003 to Mark S. Ghiorso

Our Dana Medal awardee was born and educated in San Francisco, and went to Berkeley as an undergrad in 1972, and graduated in 1976. He evinced an intense interest in hot springs, and his honors thesis was on the Hot Springs of the Devil’s Kitchen of Lassen Park. Thereafter his interest in geothermal waters prospered, particularly in the acid sulfate hot springs, and he became adept at all sorts of wet chemical techniques to measure the metals Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu as well as As, Ge, B, F, etc., and …
Reductive Elimination of Diphosphine from a Thorium–NHC–Bis(phosphido) Complex

The synthesis, characterization, and reductive elimination reactivity of a bis(NHC)borate-supported thorium bis(phosphido) complex (2Mes) is described. Treating 2Mes with 2,2′-bipyridine leads to the reductive elimination of dimesityldiphosphine (4) and the formation of the previously reported NHC–thorium–bpy complex (3). The kinetics of the bpy-induced reductive elimination were studied by 31P NMR and suggest the presence of an intermediate. Treatment with alternative oxidants also leads to diphosphine elimination, but the corresponding thorium species have not been isolated cleanly. Additional primary (2Ph) and secondary (2PPh2) Th–bis(phosphido) complexes were synthesized but do not demonstrate the same facile reductive elimination as 2Mes.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Relationships Between Policy Analysis and Information Technologies: Understanding and Integrating Multiple Conceptualizations

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly aware of changes in the environment, broadly defined, that affect the policy process and the current capabilities for policy analysis. Examples of these changes are emergent information technologies, big and interconnected data, and the availability of computational power to perform analysis at a very disaggregate level. These and other forces have the potential to significantly change multiple stages of the policy process, from design to implementation and evaluation. The emergence of this phenomenon has led to the use of a variety of labels to define it. Potentially, a variety of labels might contribute to some conceptual confusion, but most importantly to concept stretching. This article aims to provide a conceptual space by identifying the attributes that compose the phenomenon. Based on a systematic literature review, this paper identifies the terms that have been used to refer to this phenomenon and analyzes their associated attributes. Based on Gerring & Barrosi’s Min-Max strategy of concept formation, we propose two sets of attributes to define the phenomenon.
Riboflavin-Conjugated Multivalent Dendrimer Platform for Cancer-Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery

Riboflavin receptors (RFRs) are overexpressed in several malignant cells, and have been characterized as an emerging tumor surface biomarker. In this article, we discuss the design principles of a RFR-targeted nanoparticle system and illustrate its applications with studies performed in our laboratories. This system is based on a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendritic polymer which is modified on the surface by conjugation with riboflavin (RF) as the targeting ligand. First, we discuss the application of this system for targeted drug delivery by its conjugation with methotrexate as an antitumor payload. In cell-based experiments performed in vitro, this drug conjugate displayed RF-dependent, potent inhibition of cell growth in RFR(+) KB carcinoma cells. Second, the use of the RF-conjugated dendrimer for gene delivery applications through the formation of polyplexes with plasmid DNA is described. The ability of this targeted system to significantly enhance gene transfection in epithelial cells points to its potential as a promising new class of nonviral vectors. Third, the tunability of the functional properties of the dendrimer through modular integration is illustrated with an optically active gold nanoparticle (AuNP). The resultant dendrimer-coated AuNPs have a unique capability for tumor cell imaging via surface plasmon resonance scattering. Finally, we discuss the biophysical basis of the multivalent mechanism involved in the tight and specific binding of a RF-conjugated multivalent dendrimer to RFRs on the cell surface. The design principles and proof of concept studies presented here are strongly supportive of the promising potential of RF-conjugated nanoparticles for delivery and imaging applications in tumors.
Quantitative Evaluation of Paddlefish Sport Fisheries in Missouri’s Large Reservoirs: Implications for the Management of Trophy Sport Fisheries

AbstractLake of the Ozarks, Harry S. Truman Reservoir, and Table Rock Lake in Missouri contain important recreational trophy Paddlefish fisheries. These three reservoirs have been created by damming major rivers. Because of river modifications, Paddlefish natural reproduction is thought to be limited, and subsequently, populations have been maintained through supplementation and harvest regulations. However, these fisheries have not been thoroughly assessed and the applicability of management actions (e.g., supplementation and minimum length limits) has not been fully evaluated. Population simulations indicated changes in the amount of trophy sized fish and broodstock remaining of each population were similar, with larger minimum length limits resulting in a greater proportion of mature and trophy sized individuals. However, the number of Paddlefish that could be harvested at Harry S. Truman Reservoir and Lake of the Ozarks was much greater than at Table Rock Lake. These disparities are likely attributed ...
Regional anesthesia decreases complications and resource utilization in shoulder arthroplasty patients.

Background Regional anesthesia can be used as part of the anesthetic to optimize anesthesia and analgesia during shoulder arthroplasty, but little is known about the overall effect that regional anesthesia has on perioperative outcomes and resource utilization. We hypothesized that regional anesthesia may decrease complication rates and resource utilization in shoulder arthroplasty patients. Methods We examined administrative data from 588 US hospitals from 2010 to 2015. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between type of anesthesia and perioperative complications. Results Among patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty, 79.1% (53,243) had general anesthesia alone, 17.8% (12,011) had general anesthesia and a nerve block, and 3.1% (2062) had a nerve block alone. Overall, the complication rate was 13.3% and 30-day mortality was 1.2 per 1000 (95% CI 0.9, 1.4). In adjusted analyses, patients who had general anesthesia alone (compared to general anesthesia and nerve block) had a 16% increase in all cause infectious complications (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.31) and were 2.6 times more likely to develop pulmonary complications (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.14, 5.78). General anesthesia alone (relative to either block only or general anesthesia and block) was associated with substantial increases in the likelihood of blood transfusions, intensive care unit transfers, and prolonged length of stay. Conclusion Patients receiving regional anesthesia for shoulder arthroplasty may have a reduction in perioperative complications, the need for intensive care unit transfers, blood transfusions, and prolonged hospital stays.
Constraining 26Al+p resonances using 26Al(3He,d)27Si.

The ^(26)Al(^3He,d)^(27)Si reaction was measured from 0°≤θ_(c.m.)≤35° at E(^3He)=20 MeV using a quadrupole-dipole-dipole-dipole magnetic spectrometer. States in ^(27)Si were observed above the background at 7652 and 7741 keV and upper limits were set for the state at 7592 keV. Implications for the ^(26)Al(p,γ)^(27)Si stellar reaction rate are discussed.
Design suggestions for greater teamwork, communication and security in hospital emergency departments:

This paper presents design recommendations based on a qualitative study for enhancement of teamwork, communication and security in emergency departments. Considering the crucial role of the emergen...
Persevering toward What? Investigating the Relationship between Ninth-Grade Students' Achievement Goals and Perseverant Actions on an Algebraic Task.

Perseverance is vital for the process of learning mathematics with understanding. To do so, students must wrestle with obstacles and amend their problem-solving plan when necessary. I collected qualitative data to investigate the nature of perseverance for 11 ninth-grade algebra students working on a challenging task for which they affirmed interest. Employing analytical frameworks of achievement goal perceptions and subsequent perseverant actions, the findings inform three distinct profiles of in-the-moment perseverance states. These profiles suggest that perseverant actions are not always aligned with students’ goals of meaning-making. Although students may report being motivated by building conceptual understanding, they may not fully grasp what it means to achieve such mastery goals. I provide suggestions for teachers to further encourage the development of more perseverant learners.
A Meta-Reanalysis of Dream-ESP Studies: Comment on Storm et al. (2017)

Storm, Sherwood, Roe, Tressoldi, Rock and Risio (2017) performed a meta-analysis of laboratory studies of ESP in dreams, finding a moderate overall effect (r = .20). Certain statistical decisions, such as primarily reporting unweighted effects, may have inflated these observations. In the current article, I perform an inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis using the database provided by Storm et al., finding a much smaller overall effect (r = .07). I also find evidence that a significant relationship exists between effect size and sample size, suggesting that the prior results may have been primarily driven by large effects found in small-n studies. I suggest that future researchers of ESP in dreams should produce more large-n studies, which could alleviate many notable criticisms of the current psi literature.
Alexander D. Campbell. The Life and Works of Robert Baillie (1602-1662): Politics, Religion and Record-Keeping in the British Civil Wars.

Alexander D. Campbell. The Life and Works of Robert Baillie (1602-1662): Politics, Religion and Record-Keeping in the British Civil Wars. St. Andrews Studies in Scottish History. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell and Brewer, 2017. Pp. 259. ISBN: 978-1-78327-184-9. USD $120.00.
Quantitative Determination of Arsenic Species from Fruit Juices Using Acidic Extraction with HPLC-ICPMS

Throughout the US Food and Drug Administration’s routine monitoring of various juice samples for elemental contaminants, a limited number of samples exhibited unexpected behavior related to the arsenic content. Juice samples were subjected to total arsenic determination and those containing arsenic > 10 μg kg−1 were subjected to arsenic speciation analysis using FDA Elemental Analysis Manual (EAM) 4.10 method (AOAC First Action Method 2016.04) to determine the concentration of iAs and other common organic arsenicals. For a subset of samples, the sum of the arsenic species was significantly less than the total arsenic value (i.e., mass balance < 65%), which is uncommon for a liquid-based matrix. Juice types that have exhibited this behavior include pomegranate, prune, and cherry juices. Causes for this issue were explored which ultimately led to an alternate sample preparation technique, extraction with 0.28 M HNO3 along with heat, which resulted in drastically improved mass balances approaching 100%. The method proved robust, with both accurate and precise measurements for multiple juice samples analyzed by a total of four laboratories. Two laboratories performed a level 3 multilaboratory validation. This work discusses various issues that were encountered, attempts to determine the source of the problem, the eventual solution in the form of a modified extraction procedure, and the multilaboratory validation results.
Reducing flow separation of an inclined plate via travelling waves

Many aquatic animals propel themselves by generating backward traveling waves over their body, which is thought to reattach the flow when the wave speed ( increases both the axial momentum and the lateral velocity, which are competing to attach and detach the flow, respectively.
Examining organic, agritourism, and agri-environmental diversification decisions of American farms: are these decisions interlinked?

AbstractFarm households adopt various diversification strategies to enhance their stable income. This study analyzes the factors affecting farm household’s decision to adopt organic, agritourism, and agri-environmental strategies. Using a nation-wide farm household data collected through the Agricultural Resource Management Survey, our results show the interlinkages between these on-farm diversification decisions. We found complementarity between agritourism and organic farming decisions, and between agri-environmental conservation and agritourism. Additionally, farm’s financial position, insurance participation, land acreage holdings, and farm type and location are likely to influence the diversification decisions of the farm households.
167 Randomized trial of social comparison feedback and financial incentive strategies for reducing handheld phone use while driving in a national usage-based auto insurance program

Statement of Purpose We conducted a randomized trial (#NCT03833219) of behavioral interventions to reduce handheld phone use while driving among 2,108 customers from 42 states in a usage-based insurance program (Progressive Insurance Snapshot Mobile). We hypothesized that behaviorally designed incentives would be more effective than a standard insurance incentive. Methods/Approach Participants were randomized to 6 arms in a 50-day intervention period: (1) control (usual care); (2) social comparison feedback; (3) standard end of rating period incentive (max $50); (4) standard end of rating period incentive (max $50) + social comparison feedback; (5) weekly, loss framed incentive (max $50) + social comparison feedback; and (6) weekly, loss framed incentive (max $100) + social comparison feedback. We used fractional regression to compare handheld phone use (seconds/hour of driving) measured by the Snapshot Mobile app between intervention arms versus the usual care arm. Results Compared with usual care, neither social comparison feedback alone, or a standard incentive (max $50) alone lead to a statistically significant reduction in phone use. However, when the standard incentive was paired with social comparison feedback, handheld phone use was reduced by -31 (95% CI: - 74 to -13) seconds/hour of driving. The group assigned to a weekly, loss-framed incentive (max $50) paired with social comparison feedback experienced the largest reduction in handheld phone (-63 [95% CI: -95 to -31] seconds/hour of driving). Conclusions In a national usage-based auto insurance program, augmenting standard financial incentives with weekly feedback comparing a driver’s phone use to other customers, and redesigning incentives to be delivered more frequently and to leverage loss-aversion reduced phone use while driving. Significance and Contributions to Injury and Violence Prevention Science Given that American drivers average 300 hours of driving per year, behaviorally designed incentives for reducing phone use while driving have major potential for public health impact.
8 – Alkaloid-Derived Pheromones and Sexual Selection in Lepidoptera

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses alkaloid-derived pheromones and sexual selection in Lepidoptera. In certain insects, foreplay is basically a sexually selective process, involving assessment by the female of certain male traits that are a measure of an eventual benefit to the offspring. The foreplay is in the nature of a pheromone-mediated dialogue, and the insects are certain butterflies and moths. What kindled the interest in this area of research was the seminal paper by Brower et al. on the courtship of the queen butterfly, Danaus gilippus, and the motion picture that these investigators made of this behavior. Their data showed clearly that the two brushlike structures, or hairpencils, that the males ordinarily keep tucked away in their abdomen are in fact everted and splayed during courtship, and are brushed against the female prior to copulation. The hairpencils of Danaus gilippus turned out to be chemically similar to those of Lycorea. While they lacked the esters, and had instead the viscous terpenoid alcohol, they too were laden with danaidone. It became clear that danaidone and closely related pyrrolizidines are very generally present in the hairpencils of these insects, having been found in a number of genera beside Danaus and Lycorea. Accompanying compounds are also present, but these are variable and have been identified in only a few species.
Universal Testing for COVID-19 in Essential Orthopaedic Surgery Reveals a High Percentage of Asymptomatic Infections.

BACKGROUND: The long incubation period and asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 present considerable challenges for health-care institutions. The identification of infected individuals is vital to prevent the spread of illness to staff and other patients as well as to identify those who may be at risk for disease-related complications. This is particularly relevant with the resumption of elective orthopaedic surgery around the world. We report the results of a universal testing protocol for COVID-19 in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery during the coronavirus pandemic and to describe the postoperative course of asymptomatic patients who were positive for COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective review of adult operative cases between March 25, 2020, and April 24, 2020, at an orthopaedic specialty hospital in New York City was performed. Initially, a screening questionnaire consisting of relevant signs and symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, shortness of breath) or exposure dictated the need for nasopharyngeal swab real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for all admitted patients. An institutional policy change occurred on April 5, 2020, that indicated nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR testing for all orthopaedic admissions. Screening and testing data for COVID-19 as well as relevant imaging, laboratory values, and postoperative complications were reviewed for all patients. RESULTS: From April 5, 2020, to April 24, 2020, 99 patients underwent routine nasopharyngeal swab testing for COVID-19 prior to their planned orthopaedic surgical procedure. Of the 12.1% of patients who tested positive for COVID-19, 58.3% were asymptomatic. Three asymptomatic patients developed postoperative hypoxia, with 2 requiring intubation. The negative predictive value of using the signs and symptoms of disease to predict a negative test result was 91.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.0% to 97.1%). Including a positive chest radiographic finding as a screening criterion did not improve the negative predictive value of screening (92.5% [95% CI, 81.8% to 97.9%]). CONCLUSIONS: A protocol for universal testing of all orthopaedic surgery admissions at 1 hospital in New York City during a 3-week period revealed a high rate of COVID-19 infections. Importantly, the majority of these patients were asymptomatic. Using chest radiography did not significantly improve the negative predictive value of screening. These results have important implications as hospitals anticipate the resumption of elective surgical procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Couples Facing Skin Cancer in Old Age: A Dyadic Investigation of Partner Support and Quality of Life.

This study investigated perceived support received by partners and its association with quality of life (QOL) in older couples facing skin cancer. Thirty couples (n = 60; M Age = 70) in which one p...
Analysis of the fight-ending chokes in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship™ mixed martial arts promotion.

Objective: Knowledge of sportive chokes is vital to the practice of Sports Medicine when providing care at mixed martial arts and submission grappling events. This is a descriptive analysis of figh...
Detailed Assessment of Pet Ownership Rates in Four Underserved Urban and Rural Communities in the United States

Understanding pet ownership in a community is an important factor for assessing the effectiveness of animal welfare programming. Data on pet ownership were collected from 2,327 households in two ur...
Developing students' solidarity disposition: A case for translation in community-based service-learning

This study investigates the ways students' disposition toward solidarity can be fostered during a community-based service-learning (CBSL) project performed remotely, not requiring direct contact or interactions with community members. Seventeen students were enrolled in an advanced Spanish grammar course section with a service-learning component and collaborated throughout the semester to translate documents from English to Spanish for three local non-profit organizations. The analysis of their end-of-semester reflection papers reveals that the high stakes of the outcome (facilitating the local Spanish-speaking population's access to essential social services) influenced students' engagement in the task, triggered by an emotional buy-in with the nonprofit organization's missions. Participation in the CBSL project fostered solidarity disposition as students considered opportunities to get involved and reflected on how they might be able to support Spanish speakers in their future jobs. The article concludes with suggested guidelines for the design of remote CBSL opportunities to nurture solidarity disposition as a primary objective.
THE MAGIC LANTERN AND THE CINEMA: ADULT SCHOOLS, EDUCATIONAL SETTLEMENTS AND SECULARISATION IN BRITAIN, C. 1900-1950

This article examines the impact of an increasingly secularised demand for adult education in the first half of the twentieth century on two movements with which Quakers were closely associated: the adult schools and the educational settlements. It argues that the educational settlements, originally established to extend and enhance the work of the adult schools, were better able to accommodate to a secularised climate, and this ensured their survival. Neither movement flourished in the same way as the secular Workers' Educational Association and adult education provided by local education authorities, and this reflected the weakness of religious adult education in a climate of secularised demand among adult students.
'In Search Of The Unbound Prometheia': A Comparative View Of Women's Activism in Two Quebec Industries, 1869-1908

One of the most salient features of women's earlier contribution to the labour movement in Quebec, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is the prominent and often militant role of female cotton workers. Long before they formed an industrial labour organization, the cotton "girls" rose persistently, in most mills, against various attempts to further appropriate absolute and relative surplus-value. After having formally joined forces with fellow male unionists, they carried with this activism a more acute challenge to managerial prerogatives and patriarchal standards of criminality in a major assault on child and gender-related abuses. The following essay explores, in a comparative mode and from the perspective of the workplace, why female cotton workers were more assertive and have left far greater evidence of their proneness to strike than other women operatives in the boot and shoe industry. It also focuses on two important episodes of female militancy at the Hochelaga and Ste. Anne mills in order to provide a socio-economic context to their activism and to witness how solidarity could evolve rapidly into estrangement over sensitive gender-related issues. Resume Energique et militante, la lutte des travailleuses du coton constitue l'un des chapitres les plus palpitants du mouvement ouvrier quebecois de la fin du 19e au debut du 20e siecles. Dans la majorite des filatures, celles-ci s'insurgerent contre plusieurs tentatives visant a accentuer l'appropriation de la plus-value absolue et relative, longtemps avant qu'elles ne joignent une federation syndicale industrielle. Une fois syndiqees, elles se lancerent resolument a l'attaque d'abus de toute sorte contre les femmes et les enfants, n'hesitant pas, chemin faisant, a defier certains privileges capitalistes et a remettre en question les preceptes de criminalite issus d'une societe patriarchale. C'est par le biais d'une methode comparative et d'une perspective axee sur le milieu de travail que cet article propose d'explorer pourquoi ces travailleuses furent nettement plus engagees que leurs consoeurs dans l'industrie de la chaussure, comme en fait foir leur predisposition a se mobiliser et a se soulever avec persistance contre le capital malgre des obstacles douvent insurmontables. Il porte aussi sur deux episodes clefs de ce militantisme feminin aux filatures d'Hochelaga et de Sainte-Anne, dans le but d'y retracer le contexte socio-emotionelle et d'observer jusqu'a quel point cette solidarite ouvriere reste vulnerable aux questions liees a la conditions feminine.
Responding to Possible Plagiarism

Documenting reactions from authors and journal editors to plagiarism may help others address the problem.
Magnetic Characteristics and Measurements of Filamentary Nb-Ti Wire for the Superconducting Super Collider

In synchrotron accelerator applications, such as the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), superconducting magnets are cycled in magnetic field. Desirable properties of the magnets include field uniformity, field stability with time, small residual field, and fairly small energy losses upon cycling. This paper discusses potential sources of problems in achieving these goals, describes important magnetic characteristics to be considered, and reviews measurement techniques for magnetic evaluation of candidate SSC wires. Instrumentation that might be practical for use in a wire-fabrication environment is described. We report on magnetic measurements of prototype SSC wires and cables and speculate on causes for instability in multipole fields of dipole magnets constructed with such cables.
HPC - What Might the Future Hold?

Scalable cluster systems today hold the promise of "unlimited" performance in a cost-effective way. This opens up the possibility of not only solving traditional grand challenge problems, but also of using these systems in new, innovative, and more pervasive ways to solve problems that impact our lives in a more direct way and change the way we live, work, and conduct business.We will discuss some of the new ways in which HPC is being used to conduct business and provide a competitive edge. Analytic methods, statistical modeling, and pattern searching algorithms that are common in scientific computing can now be applied to the vast amounts of operational and historical data generated by business transactions to extract knowledge that can be used for competitive advantage. Even complete applications that were traditionally thought of as technical computing can be incorporated into key business processes to drive critical business decisions. For example, high resolution localized weather forecasting models enabled by these systems can now become an integral part of decision making in businesses in which weather plays an important part. Advanced pattern searching algorithms used in drug design can now be used in fraud detection in the financial industry or for fuzzy text search in the media industry. Similarly, the growing computing capability made possible by these systems is allowing the solution of larger, more complex and more accurate, business optimization problems.