cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary evidence for gender‐specific effects of topiramate as a potential aid to smoking cessation

Aims Study aims were threefold: (i) to determine the feasibility, potential efficacy and safety of topiramate as an aid to smoking cessation; (ii) to examine potential predictors of abstinence including gender; and (iii) to explore topiramate's effects on tobacco withdrawal and post-cessation weight gain. Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 11-week clinical trial with a 6-week dosage titration period and 5 weeks of maintenance treatment. Setting Single-site, out-patient, randomized clinical trial. Participants Thirty-eight adult male and 49 female chronic smokers who smoked an average of > 10 cigarettes per day and who were motivated to try to quit smoking. Intervention Random assignment to receive either topiramate (n = 43) up to 200 mg daily in divided doses or placebo (n = 44) orally combined with brief counseling over an 11-week period. Measurements Carbon monoxide (CO)-confirmed 4-week prolonged abstinence rate during weeks 8–11. Changes in tobacco withdrawal, body weight and safety parameters were also assessed. Findings Overall, no significant increase in the prolonged abstinence rate was detected, but logistic regression analysis indicated significant gender-specific differences. Men treated with topiramate were nearly 16 times more likely to quit smoking than women on topiramate [37.5% versus 3.7%; odds ratio (OR) = 15.6; P = 0.016] and were roughly four times more likely to quit smoking than placebo-treated men (37.5% versus 13.6%; OR = 3.8; P = 0.098). Topiramate-treated men reported significantly lower tobacco withdrawal scores than both women taking topiramate and men on placebo. On average, male cessators on placebo gained 3.30 kg, whereas topiramate led to a 0.72 kg weight loss (P = 0.03). Study discontinuation rates due to adverse events (AEs) were significantly higher in the topiramate group (topiramate 23% versus placebo 2%). The most commonly reported AEs in the topiramate arm were paraesthesia, fatigue, difficulty with concentration/attention and nervousness. Conclusions Topiramate produced gender-specific effects on smoking cessation. Male smokers had markedly greater quit rates than female smokers and men were roughly four times more likely to quit smoking when treated with topiramate as compared to placebo. Topiramate was fairly well tolerated, although higher discontinuation rates were seen. Topiramate's triple effects aiding smoking abstinence, attenuating nicotine withdrawal and preventing post-cessation weight gain might make it a promising agent for treating tobacco addiction, at least in men.
Training for prescriptions vs. prescriptions for training: where are we now? Where should we be? How do we get there?

The proposal that state legislatures should grant prescription privileges to psychologists is examined critically, with particular attention to the proposal's implications for the future education and training of clinical psychologists. First, the current status of clinical psychology is described. Then, an alternative to the prescription privilege proposal is presented; this alternative prescribes a scientific approach to clinical psychology. Finally, a plan for achieving this alternative is outlined.
Bottom Temperatures Related to Gulf Stream Displacement off the Southeast United States Shelf

Abstract Bottom temperature time series recorded beneath the Gulf Stream at 265 and 589 m depth off the Georgia coast are compared with simultaneous time series of main thermocline depth determined from inverted echo sounder and bottom pressure gauge records at the same sites. Bottom temperature is found to be coherent with vertical displacement of the thermocline, suggesting that bottom temperature under the Gulf Stream front is a potentially useful indicator of Gulf Stream displacement. Additional evidence is provided by the similarity of bottom temperature and thermocline depth coherences with longshore current at the shelf break. Bottom temperature at the deeper station appears to be the better indicator of Gulf Stream meandering for periods longer than five days.
N-2-acetylaminofluorene modification of poly(dG-m5dC)·poly(dG-m5dC) induces the Z-DNA conformation☆

Abstract Poly(dG-m 5 dC)·poly(dG-m 5 dC) was modified by treatment with N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-Aco-AAF) and its conformation examined by circular dichroism (CD) and susceptibility to S 1 nuclease digestion. A sample with a modification level of 10% shows a CD spectrum characteristic of the Z form and is resistant to digestion by S 1 nuclease. The relative reactivity of several polymers with N-Aco-AAF was shown to follow the order of ease of formation of Z DNA: poly(dG-m 5 dC)·poly(dG-m 5 dC) > poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) > poly(dG)·poly(dC). This suggests that AAF reacts more readily with Z DNA than B DNA.
The Photoelectric Effect for High Energy Quanta

The relativistic quantum electrodynamics is rigorously applied to calculate the cross section for photoelectric absorption of a Dirac electron in the field of a nucleus (of charge Ze). The case of quantum energies $h\ensuremath{\nu}$ greater than the proper energy $m{c}^{2}$ of the electron is considered. The total photo-absorption from the $K$-shell is found in this way to be approximately ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{K}=1.16\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{\ensuremath{-}23}{Z}^{5}\ensuremath{\lambda}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}R}{{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}}{e}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}(\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\alpha})}},$ where $R\ensuremath{\sim}1+\frac{7m{c}^{2}}{3h\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$, as $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}{e}^{2}Z}{\mathrm{hc}}$. The factor depending on $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is seen to modify the result appreciably for heavy elements, so that for lead, and the gamma-rays from Th C", ($Z=82$, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=4.7$ X.U.), ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{K}=1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The agreement with experiment is satisfactory.
Raman scattering in amorphous Si, Ge and III–V semiconductors

Abstract A phenomenological explanation of Raman scattering in amorphous Si, Ge and III–V semiconductors is given, using Si as an example. Several applications of Raman scattering to the study of amorphous materials are discussed.
The Emancipation of the Serfs in Russia: Peace Arbitrators and the Development of Civil Society

List of Tables Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Gamble on the Peace Arbitrator 3. Appointment of the Peace Arbitrators 4. The Peace Arbitrators in the Field 5. The Peace Arbitrators and Public Opinion 6. Conclusion: Beyond the Peace Arbitrator Bibliography
Increases in Positive Reappraisal Coping During a Group-Based Mantram Intervention Mediate Sustained Reductions in Anger in HIV-Positive Persons

There is evidence that various meditation practices reduce distress, but little is known about the mechanisms of frequently repeating a mantram—a spiritual word or phrase—on distress reduction. Mantram repetition is the portable practice of focusing attention frequently on a mantram throughout the day without a specific time, place, or posture. We examined the hypothesis of whether increases in positive reappraisal coping or distancing coping mediated the sustained decreases in anger found following a group-based mantram intervention that was designed to train attention and promote awareness of internal experiences. A secondary analysis was performed on data collected from a randomized controlled trial that compared a group-based mantram intervention (n = 46) to an attention-matched control (n = 47) in a community sample of human immunodeficiency virus-positive adults. Positive reappraisal and distancing coping were explored as potential mediators of anger reduction. Participants in the mantram intervention reported significant increases in positive reappraisal coping over the 5-week intervention period, whereas the control group reported decreases. Increases in positive reappraisal coping during the 5-week intervention period appear to mediate the effect of mantram on decreased anger at 22-week follow-up. Findings suggest that a group-based mantram intervention may reduce anger by enhancing positive reappraisal coping.
Effect of first-dimension undersampling on effective peak capacity in comprehensive two-dimensional separations.

The objective of this work is to establish a means of correcting the theoretical maximum peak capacity of comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) separations to account for the deleterious effect of undersampling first-dimension peaks. Simulations of comprehensive 2D separations of hundreds of randomly distributed sample constituents were carried out, and 2D statistical overlap theory was used to calculate an effective first-dimension peak width based on the number of observed peaks in the simulated separations. The distinguishing feature of this work is the determination of the effective first-dimension peak width using the number of observed peaks in the entire 2D separation as the defining metric of performance. We find that the ratio of the average effective first-dimension peak width after sampling to its width prior to sampling (defined as ) is a simple function of the ratio of the first-dimension sampling time (ts) to the first-dimension peak standard deviation prior to sampling (1σ): =This is v...
The burst phase in ribonuclease A folding and solvent dependence of the unfolded state.

Submillisecond burst phase signals measured in kinetic protein folding experiments have been widely interpreted in terms of the fast formation of productive folding intermediates. Experimental comparisons with non-folding polypeptide chains show that, for ribonuclease A and cytochrome c , these signals in fact reflect a shift from one biased ensemble of the unfolded state to another as a function of change in denaturant concentration.
Ethical Issues in Third-Party Disclosure in Atkins Cases

The current paper addresses the ethical dilemmas presented in terms of informed consent and disclosing confidentiality to third-party informants in Atkins cases. The conundrum is that of balancing appropriate disclosure with the potential for undue bias on the part of the respondent. Although aspirational in nature, there are substantial limitations and a problematic lack of guidance in the provisions of the Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology. Informal feedback from practicing psychologists with experience in this area was elicited with regard to their approach to disclosure. Responses varied and were seemingly dependent upon their professional experience. A review of the relevant literature and directions for future research are discussed with an emphasis on suggestions for practice. The authors suggest that prioritization and open dialogue can serve to appropriately direct professional practice toward an appropriate balancing of goals.
Synthesis of nanoparticles by a laser-vaporization-controlled condensation technique

A method which combines laser vaporization of metal targets with controlled condensation from the vapor phase is used to synthesize nanoscale metal oxide, carbide and nitride particles (10 - 20 nm) of well-defined composition. The metal vapor is generated by pulsed laser vaporization using the second harmonic (532 nm) of a Nd-YAG laser. Following the laser pulse, the ejected atoms react with the reactive gas within the ambient atmosphere and condense to form nanoparticles. The role of convection in the experiments is to remove the small particles away from the nucleation zone (once condensed out of the vapor phase) before they can grow into larger particles. Surface-oxidized silicon nanocrystals, produced by this method, aggregate into a novel weblike microstructure. These aggregates are very porous and have a large surface area. The nanoparticles show a short-lived (less than 20 ns) blue emission at 450 nm characteristic of the SiO2 coating and a biexponential longer-lived red emission characteristic of the Si core. Other examples of nanoparticles discussed include ZnO and magnetic FeO. Examples of the effects of solvents and temperature on the morphology of the nanoparticles are presented. The advantages of microgravity in the synthesis of multilayer nanoparticles of engineered compositions and morphology are outlined.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Neuropathology of Hyperthermic Seizures in the Rat

Summary: Purpose: Single and repeated hyperthermic seizures were induced in rats beginning at age 22 days to determine the neuroanatomic consequences to the hippocampus and to compare these changes with those in the hippocampi of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) experiencing febrile seizures. Methods: Hyperthermic seizures were induced by placing rats in a bath of water at 45°C for 4 min. Seizures were visually observed, and some animals also were monitored electroen-cephalographically. Neurodegeneration was examined with a silver stain, whereas granule cell sprouting was detected with the Timm stain. Results: In a majority of rats, hyperthermia-induced tonicclonic seizures ranged in duration from 30 s to 6 min; the seizure duration increased with the number of seizures. No neurodegeneration was detectable in these animals, although there was sprouting of granule cell collaterals into the inner molecular layer (IML) of the dentate. In a small number of animals, the short seizures evolved into status epilepticus, and neuronal degeneration was present in the hippocampus and other parts of the temporal lobe, and the mediodorsal thalamus. Conclusions: This study confirms the relation between hyperthermia and seizure occurrence. It shows in particular that, as in the human, only prolonged seizures such as status epilepticus cause a pattern of neurodegeneration similar to that observed in human TLE.
A Theory of Continuous Socialization for Organizational Renewal.

Current literature suggests that for sustained competitive success, organizations must have processes in place for continuous learning and adaptation. Any process, then, that appears to hinder agil...
Academic Glossolalia? Pentecostal Scholarship, Multi-Disciplinarity, and the Science-Religion Conversation

As more and more Pentecostal institutions of higher education are being transformed from liberal arts colleges to universities, an increasing number of degrees in the social and natural sciences are being offered. At the same time, Pentecostals working and teaching in science and religion departments have not been engaged in the science-and-religion conversation in any measurable way. This essay attempts to chart the prospects for such an engagement by way of entering into dialogue from a Pentecostal perspective with three recent publications. Throughout, the importance and necessity for Pentecostal presence in the science-and-religion discussion is emphasized, especially with an eye toward revitalizing Pentecostal education, scholarship, and praxis for life in the twenty-first century.
Maternal aggression: A failure to replicate

Endroczi et al (1958) reported that only lactating rats in the presence of their young would kill frogs. This “maternal aggression” could be suppressed by infections of oestrone. No aspect of that study was confirmed in the experiments reported here. Nonfrog-killing rats were not induced to kill by lactation and the presence of their young. A significant number of naive virgin female rats did kill frogs and the frog-killing response was not suppressed by oestrone.
Update in neuroimaging.

Neuroimaging has emerged as an invaluable tool in the study of central nervous system (CNS) structure and function, shedding light on both structural and functional changes. A wide array of neuroimaging techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), have been part of an unprecedented technological revolution, empowering our ability to diagnose and monitor neurologic conditions. Neuroimaging has a particularly important role in the field of neurotherapeutics for several reasons. The first is its ability to provide early and accurate diagnosis of neurologic disorders so that the appropriate therapy can be started. The second is its ability to monitor the evolution of chronic neurologic disorders so that patients experiencing breakthrough disease, who might require a change in therapy, may be identified. The third is its ability to probe structural and functional changes in both animal and human subjects, resulting in a better understanding of disease mechanisms and the identification of potential new therapeutic targets. We aim to present the current state and future prospects of neuroimaging techniques in evaluating neurological disorders with an emphasis on their impact on the field of neurotherapeutics. We have included 11 review articles in this volume written by the world's leading authorities. To set the stage, the volume begins with a review of imaging of small animal models of CNS diseases, which is at the forefront in the translation of neuroimaging techniques from basic research to human studies. The subsequent reviews focus on human neuroimaging in major CNS disorders, including stroke, hemorrhage, trauma, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, psychiatric disorders, and infections. Each article presents an overview of the role of the most relevant imaging modalities (e.g., CT, MRI, PET, angiography/interventional, and/or neurosonology). The reviews provide a critical analysis of the role of these techniques in clinical diagnosis, longitudinal monitoring, and neurotherapeutic evaluation/development. We conclude with a review of an emerging neuroimaging technique-optical coherence tomography, which has generated significant interest due to its ability to readily quantify damage to the retinal nerve fiber layer and, in turn, provide a surrogate of neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, and repair. We would like to express our gratitude to the authors for the generous contribution of their time and expertise to this volume. Despite our wish to make this edition comprehensive, because of space limitations and publication deadlines, we have not adequately covered a number of neuroimaging-related topics, such as normal aging, epilepsy, neuro-oncology, and spinal cord disorders. Nonetheless, we hope that this volume will prove useful to the trainees, practitioners, and investigators in the clinical and imaging fields of the neurosciences and pique their interest in future studies that may expand and refine the applications of these exciting technologies.
Discrete characterization tools for cohesive granular material

Abstract Granular flow is important scientifically as well as industrially. Often, cohesive forces between grains are the norm, rather than the exception; yet, the majority of research in granular materials has been directed at cohesionless materials. Due to the relatively large body of knowledge regarding cohesionless flows, gaining an understanding of the transition from cohesionless to cohesive behavior is of particular interest. In this work, we study systems where the predominant mode of cohesion is due to interstitial liquid (capillary cohesion). Both computations and experiments are used to explore a range of cohesive strengths (from cohesionless to cohesive). We propose two discrete characterization criteria, based on the physical picture of liquid-induced particle-level cohesion, which seem to work well in both static and flowing systems. Finally, we address limitations of this approach and discuss potential extensions to systems dominated by other modes of cohesion.
Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors in Nuclear Security for Active Interrogation of Special Nuclear Materials―Part B

This paper (constituting Part B) addresses active interrogation for detecting Special Nuclear Materials (SN- Ms) and includes description of the transformational Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (TMFD) based method for optimal monitoring. One of the greatest difficulties in detection of SNMs by active interrogation is the task of distinguishing between the probing particles and the secondary particles that indicate the presence of SNMs. The TMFD’s selective insensitivity and γ photon blindness features are advantageous for alleviating this problem. The working principle of the TMFD is discussed along with its applications for security. The experimental work to date involving detection of small quantities of uranium with conventional detectors is discussed along with results of fission neutron detection. Statistically significant detection was achieved within 5 minutes of counting to ascertain and measure conclusive evidence for the presence of a 55g sample of uranium containing 235U. Results of simulations of three active detection techniques utilizing a TMFD system are presented. The process for using the TMFD to discriminate active source particles using timing and energy are described. These simulations indicate that it should be possible to utilize the TMFD system for optimal neutron-based interrogation of SNMs.
Partial Characterization of the Flavors of Oxidized Butteroil

Summary Butteroil was oxidized at 40° C. and distilled in a falling-film molecular still. The volatile flavor components were trapped in a U-tube cooled with liquid nitrogen, and the flavor was extracted from the trap contents with a few drops of petroleum ether. The flavor concentrate was then fractionated by gas phase chromatography, using butanediol succinate polymer as a stationary phase. Most of the compounds in the distillate were carbonyl compounds and were identified by their retention times in the gas chromatograph and by paper chromatography of their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. The fractions from the gas chromatograph were also incorporated into milk and butter and judged organoleptically. It was found that the carbonyl compounds produced in relatively large amounts made only a limited contribution to the oxidized flavor. The main contributor to the characteristic oxidized flavor seemed to be a minor component which was present in amounts too small to be detected by gas chromatography or paper chromatography. This component came out in the vicinity of octanal and α -heptenal. This same flavor component can be found in the flavor concentrates from linseed, safflower, and herring oils. From the fatty acid composition of these oils, it appears that linoleic acid is the probable precursor of the component primarily responsible for the oxidized flavor. Reactions with various carbonyl reagents indicate that the compound responsible for the oxidized flavor is a carbonyl compounnd.
Thermal Growth and Performance of Manganese Cobaltite Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless Steel SOFC Interconnects

To protect solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) from chromium poisoning and improve metallic interconnect stability, manganese cobaltite spinel protection layers with a nominal composition of Mn 1 . 5 Co 1 . 5 O 4 were thermally grown on Crofer22 APU, a ferritic stainless steel. Thermal, electrical, and electrochemical investigations indicated that the spinel protection layers not only significantly decreased the contact area specific resistance (ASR) between a LSF cathode and the stainless steel interconnect, but also inhibited the subscale growth on the stainless steel by acting as a barrier to the inward diffusion of oxygen. A long-term thermal cycling test demonstrated excellent structural and thermomechanical stability of these spinel protection layers, which also acted as a barrier to outward chromium cation diffusion to the interconnect surface. The reduction in the contact ASR and prevention of Cr migration achieved by application of the spinel protection layers on the cathode side of ferritic stainless steel interconnects resulted in improved stability and electrochemical performance of SOFCs.
Run-proof banking without suspension or deposit insurance

Abstract In a model of banking with asymmetric information among depositors and multiple sources of aggregate risk, I show that a demand deposit arrangement with state-contingent deposit payments and a priority-of-claims provision on final date resources is (almost) best. Under this arrangement, intermediaries infer the realization of aggregate risk and of a privately observed signal on the outcome of the risky technology from depositors' withdrawal choices, and panics as well as information-based runs are averted. Neither suspension provisions nor deposit insurance are necessary for an efficient, run-proof banking system. Furthermore, intermediation provides information-production services that a credit market does not necessarily provide.
Development of the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale

Objective: Most rating scales for bipolar disorders (BDs) do not encompass the spectrum of symptomatology now established as characterizing the illness. We report the rationale, format, reliability and initial validity studies of the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale (BISS), a 44-item scale designed to encompass the spectrum of behavioral disturbances in BDs. Method: Structured video interviews of 20 patients representing four bipolar syndromal subtypes were rated by nine raters. Results: Generally, high inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were established for the depression and mania subscales and the BISS total score. The BISS discriminated across subtypes of bipolar patients with depressed, manic/hypomanic, mixed manic or recovered status. Conclusion: The BISS has adequate reliability, concurrent validity and is capable of discriminating between bipolar subtypes. It also provides a comprehensive scale to assess discrete behavioral components of BD.
The solubility of CaMoO 4 (c) and an aqueous thermodynamic model for Ca 2+ -MoO 4 2 -ion-interactions

The solubility of powellite [CaMoO4(c)] was studied in aqueous Na2MoO4, CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 solutions ranging in concentrations from 1×10−4M to 1.0M and over equilibration times extending to 36 days. Our experimental data were interpreted using the aqueous ion-interaction model of Pitzer and coworkers. The Ca2+−MoO 4 2− ion-interactions were found to be analogous to Ca2+−SO 4 2− . The use of Ca2+−MoO 4 2− ion-interactions parameters (β(0)=0.2, β(1) = 3.1973 and β(2)) and a logK sp of −7.93 gave excellent predictions of all of the experimental data. Commonion ternary interaction parameters such as MoO 4 2− −Cl− or MoO 4 2− −NO 3 − were not required.
Respiratory Instability of Term and Near-Term Healthy Newborn Infants in Car Safety Seats

Objective. Premature infants who are discharged from intensive care nurseries are known to be at increased risk for apnea, bradycardia, and oxygen desaturation while in the upright position. These small infants also do not fit securely in standard infant car seats. Because of these problems, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a period of observation in a car seat for all infants who are born at Methods. Fifty healthy, nonmonitored, preterm infants (mean gestational age: 35.8 ± 0.6 weeks) and 50 term infants (mean gestational age: 39.5 ± 1.4 weeks) were recruited from a level I newborn nursery in a community hospital. Appropriateness of car seat fit was documented for each infant. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and pulse oximetry were evaluated while infants were supine and in their car seats. Apneic and bradycardic events were recorded in addition to a continuous recording of oxygen saturation values. Results. Twenty-four percent of preterm and 4% of term newborn infants did not fit securely into suitable car seats despite the use of blanket rolls. Mean oxygen saturation values declined significantly in both preterm and term infants from 97% in the supine position (range: 92%–100%) to 94% after 60 minutes in their car seats (range: 87%–100%). Seven infants (3 preterm and 4 term) had oxygen saturation values of Conclusions. Our data support the current American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations that all infants who are born at
White Matter Integrity and Episodic Memory Performance in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

White matter (WM) integrity in the medial temporal lobes and episodic memory performance were examined in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age-matched cognitively intact controls. Material specific associations between WM in the left versus right hemisphere and verbal versus visual memory performance were examined as well. Fourteen right-handed amnestic MCI patients underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and received verbal (words, story) and visual (designs) memory tests. Delayed verbal memory was significantly correlated with loss of WM integrity in the medial temporal lobe. This finding was associated with both the left and right temporal regions. Immediate visual memory performance was significantly correlated with the loss of WM integrity in the left temporal region. The results indicate that WM integrity in the medial temporal lobe is associated with objective memory functioning in MCI. However, strong material specific relationships were not observed, possibly reflecting diverse encoding strategies used by participants such as imagery of verbal material and verbal encoding of designs.
Failure of microelectromechanical systems subjected to impulse loads

Abstract Understanding the mechanical response of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) under impulse loading is a prerequisite for improved design criteria and device survivability under severe loading conditions. Microscale pad structures of three different heights manufactured by the Sandia SUMMiT™ IV process were tested at extreme accelerations generated by using a pulsed laser-loading set-up. The devices were subjected to impulsive loads of 40 ns in duration, which is of the order of wave transit times in the MEMS substrate and devices. The stresses in the device substrate were obtained with the aid of Michelson interferometry, while scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate device failure. The experimental findings were supported by a one-dimensional wave propagation analysis that explored the correlation between failure magnitude and device height. As predicted by the one-dimensional analysis, taller structures were more prone to failure compared with shorter ones for the same loading conditions. Different failure modes, such as delamination of multi-layered structures and material failure (fracture), occurred verifying that dynamic loading could lead to failure of MEMS devices. In order to gain detailed information on the stress state in the pads, three-dimensional finite element simulations were preformed focusing specifically at stress concentrations generated by the device geometry. The simulations accurately predicted the location of failure recorded in the experiments although it was seen that the details of failure initiation and progression were highly dependent on geometry.
Complicating Intersectionality Through the Identities of a Hard of Hearing Korean Adoptee: An Autoethnography

Within education and social justice, the lenses of race, class, and gender are prevalent in analyzing multifaceted oppression, but there is a need to expand beyond those in order to obtain a more in-depth understanding of the intricacies of oppression. The autoethnographic approach enables me to use my experiences a Korean adoptee with a disability as an entry point to examine intersectional and interlocking oppression and to offer a different frame of reference that is absent in the literature: the integration of Korean adoptee and Disability Studies literature to further problematize each field and to complicate and advance the understanding of oppression. The critical self-reflexive process of writing allowed me to contest the prevailing representation and knowledge through my experiences and to develop an awareness of how we all are ensnared in this process of constructing/deconstructing oppression; thus personal and societal experiences of oppression and privilege are not easily separated. In order t...
The Bias of Autoregressive Coefficient Estimators

Abstract This article presents simple expressions for the bias of estimators of the coefficients of an autoregressive model of arbitrary, but known, finite order. The results include models both with and without a constant term. The effects of overspecification of the model order on the bias are described. The emphasis is on least-squares and Yule-Walker estimators, but the methods extend to other estimators of similar design. Although only the order T -1 component of the bias is captured, where T is the series length, this asymptotic approximation is shown to be very accurate for least-squares estimators through some numerical simulations. The simulations examine fourth-order autoregressions chosen to resemble some data series from the literature. The order T -1 bias approximations for Yule-Walker estimators need not be accurate, especially if the zeros of the associated polynomial have moduli near 1. Examples are given where the approximation is accurate and where it is useless. The bias expressions are...
μ-Opiate binding and morphine antagonism by octapeptide analogs of somatostatin

Abstract A series of cyclic con-formationally restrained octapeptide analogs of somatostatin were examined for their ability to inhibit the binding of tritiated μ, κ, and δ opiate receptor ligands. Several of these substances were found to have high affinity for μ opiate receptors while having very low affinity for both κ and δ receptors. Previous suggestions that somatostatin analogs exhibit opiate antagonist activity led to a study of the ability of the two most potent compounds to inhibit morphine analgesia in rats after intracerebroventricular injection. One of the compounds significantly antagonized morphine analgesia although the other displayed severe toxicity. These two compounds differed in that the very toxic compound had previously been found to possess significant somatostatin activity. It thus appears that the structural requirements for toxicity and somatostatin activity can be differentiated from those for opiate activity.
Poetics of place: female spaces in holography

This essay examines the ways in which artists have used the unique space-time properties of holography to create a place or to evoke a sense of place. I will focus here on domestic space and upon qualities of space as place that can be specifically associated with women.
Location of a branch in a saturated carbon chain

Abstract Oxidative degradation by chromic acid in glacial acetic acid has been developed as an effective method for location of a branch in a saturated carbon chain. Detection of cleavage products by use of gas phase chromatography allows convenient application of the method to samples of 3–10 mg. Several branched-chain acids and a branched-chain hydrocarbon have been found to yield the expected cleavage products; however, selective attack on a branch located alpha, beta or gamma to carboxyl is not significant. The mechanism of the oxidation and the protective influence of carboxyl are discussed.
Aging effects on the bovine lens γ-crystallins

Abstract Sephadex gel filtration and SE-Sephadex chromatography of cattle and calf lens extracts revealed major differences in the protein patterns of the γ-crystallin fraction. With aging of the lens apparently a new form of γ-crystallin emerges. The older bovine lens contains two forms of γ-crystallin: one which is identical with calf lens γ is found in the nucleus; the second γ is found in the cortex and is of larger molecular weight than the calf lens γ. Amino acid analyses, N -group determinations and amide- N assays have further characterized differences and similarities between these two forms of γ-crystallins.
SU‐E‐J‐16: Prostate Bed Motion during Post‐Prostatectomy Radiotherapy

Purpose: To report the inter‐fractional prostate bed motion (PBM) during post‐prostatectomy radiotherapy using cone‐beam CT(CBCT). The correlations between PBM, anterior rectal wall and posterior bladder wall shifts were also investigated. Methods: Seventy CBCT and 8 planning CT scans from 8 patients treated with prostate bed radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. For each CBCT‐CT pair, two rigid image registrations were performed: one based on surgical clips and the other based on pelvic bony anatomy. Each registration gives a displacement vector. The difference between the two registration displacements represents the PBM. In addition, rectum/bladder contours on CT and CBCT scans were compared to identify the organ wall motion. Shifts of the anterior rectal wall and posterior bladder wall were assessed by averaging the slice‐by‐slice distances between contours on two image sets, measured along an anterior‐posterior line passing through the symphysis pubis. Results: The prostate bed motion in the left‐right (LR), anterior‐posterior (AP) and superior‐inferior (SI) directions was (0.1±0.9)mm, (0.9±1.6)mm, and (−0.4±1.9)mm, respectively. The derived PTV‐CTV margin for LR, AP and SI motion was 3mm, 5mm, and 6mm, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients between PBM and anterior rectal wall (whole length) shifts, PBM and the cranial half of anterior rectal wall shifts, and PBM and posterior bladder wall shifts, were 0.43, 0.47, and 0.67, respectively. Conclusions: The magnitude of PBM relative to pelvic bony anatomy in all three directions was small. The correlation between average anterior rectal wall shifts and PBM was weak‐to‐moderate, which may be due to rectum contouring inconsistency. Possible sources for this inconsistency include: non‐uniform rectal wall motion through its length, low CBCTimagecontrast, and artifacts due to filling. Significant correlation between average posterior bladder wall shifts and PBM suggests bladder wall motion may also be a suitable surrogate for PBM in the AP direction.
COMMON-STOCK FINANCING IN 1955†

CORPORATIONS EMPLOY various methods and devices in offering new shares of common stock to investors, and it is of great importance for the growth of our economy that these efforts be successful. This study relates the variety of methods used in privileged subscriptions and public offerings of common stocks during 1955 to company and environmental situations. It also contrasts these methods in terms of costs and results. The desired goal would be to determine the best and most efficient methods for general situations, but circumstances were found not to fall into nice patterns, so a considerable number of combinations and arrangements are described to demonstrate the effectiveness of alternatives. The 1955 sample includes 116 common-stock offerings, each with proceeds in excess of $1.0 million, made by 58 utility and 58 industrial companies. These offerings total nearly $1.5 billion, representing approximately 78 per cent of the year's total common-stock offerings, and include 71 privileged subscriptions and 45 public offerings which are analyzed in detail on the basis of information drawn from prospectus material and questionnaires designed to elicit motivation data from management. These data are supplemented by opinions based on correspondence with corporation treasurers, interviews with investment bankers, and published tabulations of offering characteristics. Discussion of factors which influence the selection of offering methods includes consideration of pre-emptive rights of shareholders, stockholder relations, regulatory environment, investment banker influence, and cost of issue. The treatment of privileged subscription offerings centers on the arrangements made to perform the functions referred to as "bookkeeping," "persuasion," and "assurance." Specifically, these arrangements involve the use of such techniques as underpricing, oversubscription privileges, dealer compensation, standby underwritings, and employee subscriptions. Discussion of public offerings centers upon arrangements for performing the functions necessary to this type of equity financing and upon the observable factors conducive to a successful offering.
Solution of the general moment problem via a one-parameter imbedding

This paper presents a computational theory for the general scalar moment problem. The formalism is sufficiently general to encompass problems in sensor arrays with arbitrary geometry and dynamics, and in nonuniform multidimensional sampling. Given a finite set of moments, the theory provides a test for the existence of a positive measure which is consistent with such data. At the same time, the theory also provides a characterization of all such consistent positive measures. It should be noted that classical results (e.g., in the theory of the trigonometric moment problem, Hamburger, Stieljes, Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation, etc.) are not applicable to the general setting sought herein where there is no natural shift operator in the space spanned by the integration kernels. The centerpiece of the theory is a differential equation which depends on the given finite set of moments and on an arbitrary positive function /spl Psi/-which plays the role of a "free parameter." The differential equation has an exponentially attractive point of equilibrium if and only if there exists a consistent positive measure. For each /spl Psi/, the fixed point determines a corresponding measure. Suitable choice of /spl Psi/ allows recovering any measure which is consistent with the data. The fixed point of the differential equation corresponds to an extremum of an entropy-like functional, and the differential equation is constructed via an appropriate homotopy that follows changes in the Lagrange multipliers from a convenient starting value to a value for the multipliers that corresponds to the given moments.
Harmonic content extraction in converter waveforms using radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) and p-q power theory

In this paper radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used to extract total harmonics in converter waveforms. The methodology is based on p-q (real power-imaginary power) theory. The converter waveforms are analyzed and the harmonics over a wide operating range are extracted. The proposed RBFNN filtering training algorithms are based on an efficient training method called hybrid learning method — computation is systematic. The method requires small size network, very robust, and the proposed algorithms are very effective. The analysis is verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation.
Lossless compression of multispectral images for capture and archiving

This preliminary study reports compression gains for the predictive coding of multispectral images by using a context model that includes components from other bands. The interband component better shapes the error distributions for nontrivial compression gains. Although preliminary attempts in this study were unsuccessful, a noncausal study shows that additional gains are possible with a good causal adaptive predictor. >
REGIONAL ADJUVANT IRRADIATION FOR ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE CECUM

Abstract Forty patients with adenocarcinoma of the cecum who underwent right hemicolectomy received regional irradiation for 40–45 Gy/4–5 weeks and weekly 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Thirty-four patients received this adjuvant therapy: 12, 10, 5, 4 with Stage B2, B3, C2, C3, respectively, and 3 with abdominal metastasis. Another six patients were similarly treated for palliation because of tumor bed recurrences. Patients were followed for a median of 4 years, 21/31 patients in the adjuvant group with Stage B and C were free of disease with a median survival of 48 months (63% 5-year actuarial disease-free survival). The total local failure rate among the adjuvant group for Stage B and C was 431(13%) with local failure alone occurring in 1 of 4 patients (3%). In the patients treated at our Hospital, there was significant improvement in the 5-year actuarial survival ( p = 0.001 ) for patients with lymph node metastases who received adjuvant irradiation compared to surgery-alone. Acute radiation enteritis occurred in seven out of 40 patients (17.5%) and was severe in 2 (5%). There were no delayed complications. We conclude that adjuvant therapy markedly lowered regional recurrence and seems to improve survival in patients with lymph node metastasis when compared to a group of patients treated by surgery alone in the same institution.
Addressing automated adversaries of network applications

The Internet supports a perpetually evolving patchwork of network services and applications. Popular applications include the World Wide Web, online commerce, online banking, email, instant messaging, multimedia streaming, and online video games. Practically all networked applications have a common objective: to directly or indirectly process requests generated by humans. Some users employ automation to establish an unfair advantage over non-automated users. The perceived and substantive damages that automated, adversarial users inflict on an application degrade its enjoyment and usability by legitimate users, and result in reputation and revenue loss for the application's service provider. This dissertation examines three challenges critical to addressing the undesirable automation of networked applications. The first challenge explores individual methods that detect various automated behaviors. Detection methods range from observing unusual network-level request traffic to sensing anomalous client operation at the application-level. Since many detection methods are not individually conclusive, the second challenge investigates how to combine detection methods to accurately identify automated adversaries. The third challenge considers how to leverage the available knowledge to disincentivize adversary automation by nullifying their advantage over legitimate users. The thesis of this dissertation is that: there exist methods to detect automated behaviors with which an application's service provider can identify and then systematically disincentivize automated adversaries. This dissertation evaluates this thesis using research performed on two network applications that have different access to the client software: Web-based services and multiplayer online games.
The Political and Civic Implications of Chicago's Unsuccessful Bid to Host the 2016 Olympic Games

Between 2006 and 2009, Chicago’s political and civic leadership developed a bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) ultimately selected Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Games, with Chicago finishing fourth among the finalist cities in the October, 2009, IOC voting. This article is based on 20 key informant interviews with members and staff of the Chicago 2016 Committee, neighborhood activists and organizational staff in projected Olympic “venue” neighborhoods, and three “unaffiliated” civic leaders. The aim of the interviews was to determine—in light of the failed 2016 Olympic bid—if Chicago’s leadership had effected a process of what urban regime theorists term “social learning,” collective retrospection that can lead to the pursuit of more successful future civic ventures. The evidence provided by these interviews suggests that not only has there been little civic retrospection by Chicago’s leadership, but also that processes put in place to promote the Chicago bid t...