cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ℒ 1 adaptive output feedback controller for minimum phase systems

This paper presents an ℒ 1 adaptive output feedback controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of time and output dependent unknown nonlinearities. As compared to earlier introduced ℒ 1 adaptive output feedback control architectures, the architecture in this paper relies on system inversion, and is therefore limited to minimum phase systems. Similar to prior solutions in ℒ 1 adaptive control theory, the feedback structure is comprised of the three main elements, involving predictor, adaptation laws and low-pass filter, with the only difference that the predictor here is an input predictor and not a state predictor. Whereas in prior architectures of ℒ 1 adaptive output feedback control the verification of the sufficient condition for stability, written in terms of ℒ 1 norm of cascaded systems, was not straightforward, the solution proposed in this paper, under mild assumptions on system dynamics, provides a complete parametrization of the low-pass filters for the design purposes. The closed-loop system achieves arbitrarily close tracking of the input and the output signals of the reference system. Simulations verify the theoretical findings.
Dynamic trace selection using performance monitoring hardware sampling

Optimizing programs at run-time provides opportunities to apply aggressive optimizations to programs based on information that was not available at compile time. At run time, programs can be adapted to better exploit architectural features, optimize the use of dynamic libraries, and simplify code based on run-time constants. Our profiling system provides a framework for collecting information required for performing run-time optimization. We sample the performance hardware registers available on an Itanium processor, and select a set of code that is likely to lead to important performance-events. We gather distribution information about the performance-events we wish to monitor, and test our traces by estimating the ability for dynamic patching of a program to execute run-time generated traces. Our results show that we are able to capture 58% of execution time across various SPEC2000 integer benchmarks using our profile and patching techniques on a relatively small number of frequently executed execution paths. Our profiling and detection system overhead increases execution time by only 2-4%.
Higher Education in the Future Tense: Taking Futuristics to School

Establishing a college or university Center for Futures Studies (CFS) could help set a campus proudly apart from and above competitors in the increasingly crowded world of Higher Education. It could generate a new class of vitally needed graduates—masters of the “art of the long view.” It could enrich the lives of faculty, students, and the entire community—both now and far into tomorrow. Higher Education belongs in the future tense, and a CFS can help point the way.
A new pre-processing method for scanning X-ray microdiffraction patterns

Scanning X-ray microdiffraction (SXMD) is a novel technique to study the macromolecular architecture of tissues, such as cellulose in biomass. SXMD can generate huge amount of scattering patterns corresponding to different positions on a sample. In this paper, 190 images in a 38 × 5 grid are collected from SXMD experiment done at APS in Argonne National Lab to study nanoscale architecture in plant cell wall. A pattern-partition strategy utilizing image entropy, similarity coefficient analysis and k-means based clustering was carried out to study these diffraction patterns. Both similarity coefficient analysis and k-means clustering provide informative results in regard of the nanoscale architecture of Arabidopsis stem. This strategy is shown to reduce the amount of pre-processing work needed to analyze SXMD data.
Jefferson's “Wall of Separation”: How Jurisprudential Interpretation Shaped a Secular Polity

(2009). Jefferson's “Wall of Separation”: How Jurisprudential Interpretation Shaped a Secular Polity. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 27-39.
A Set-Based Design Method for Material-Geometry Structures by Design Space Mapping

The objective of this work is a multiscale, set-based design method for mechanical components and their manufacturing processes and materials with interactive identification of feasible design regions. A unique aspect of the proposed method is the ability to adjust both material properties, through process planning, and part geometry, through exploration of various cellular structures (e.g., lattices, honeycombs), in order to achieve design goals. More specifically, the proposed design method can effectively explore the achievement of desired mechanical properties by controlling process conditions, material properties, and/or selecting appropriate feature configurations. Material process-property relationships and cellular structure structure-property relationships are modeled to create a comprehensive multiscale design space mapping database. Bayesian network classifiers enable real-time “inverse mapping” that identify feasible regions of the unit cell, feature, and process spaces, thus providing immediate feedback to the designer regarding the feasibility of the current component design. The design method is demonstrated on a class of mechanical components that are manufactured by electron-beam melting (EBM) in Ti-6Al-4V.© 2015 ASME
Tests with Chemosterilants in Bait for Suppression of Drosophila in Caged Tomatoes

In 1965, 2% apholate in bait applied to vermiculite and broadcast over caged field plots of tomatoes suppressed 88% (mean) of Drosophila populations; 5 other treatments were significantly less effective. In 1966, 5 of 8 chemosterilant treatments applied to caged field plots of tomatoes effectively suppressed Drosophila for about 1 month after the last application. Female D. D. melanogaster Meigen trapped in the treated plots had maximum mean sterilities of 74% in 1965 and 100% in 1966.
A Global Monitoring System: Appraising the Effects of Government on Human Dignity

Policy scientists can contribute to the democratic shaping and sharing of values by promoting and participating in a global monitoring system. Such a system would be designed to appraise policy formulation and execution by major governmental actors on a worldwide basis. The proposed system would be a private, transnational organization (or series of competing organizations) consisting of policy scientists from throughout the world who would use standardized indicators to monitor governmental actions and their impacts on professed official goals and on the attainment and distribution of basic human values. Taken collectively these basic values can be summated as human dignity. Key to the mission of the global monitoring system is its cybernetic nature, i.e., it is continuous, open, visible, and self-correcting. Appraisal is the assessment of institutional performance in terms of policy processes and actual outcomes as compared to avowed goals and the fundamental values associated with human dignity. Appraisal also involves attribution of the responsibility for these policy results. In performing its appraisal mission, the global monitoring system would undertake systematic projections of the probable consequences of current trends in policy. The results of such a continuous monitoring system would be disseminated at periodic intervals to the civic and public orders throughout the world.
Maestra. Dir. Catherine Murphy. Un año sin domingos: La imagen de la alfabetización en Cuba/A Year without Sundays: Images from the Literacy Campaign in Cuba, by Catherine Murphy and Carlos Torres Cairo

Cuba is a unique and complex land where despite widespread scarcity and an ever-increasing achievement gap, people continue to be proud of the social advances achieved since the 1959 Revolution. In...
Healthcare Use and Mammography Among Latinas With and Without Health Insurance Near the US-Mexico Border

Among Latinas, lacking health insurance and having lower levels of acculturation are associated with disparities in mammography screening. We seek to investigate whether differences in lifetime mammography exist between Latina border residents by health insurance status and health care site (i.e., U.S. only or a combination of U.S. and Mexican health care). Using data from the 2009 to 2010 Ecological Household Study on Latino Border Residents, mammography screening was examined among (n = 304) Latinas >40 years old. While more acculturated women were significantly (p < .05) more likely to report ever having a mammogram than less acculturated women, ever having a mammogram was not predicted by health care site or insurance status. Latinas who utilize multiple systems of care have lower levels of acculturation and health insurance, thus representing an especially vulnerable population for experiencing disparities in mammography screening.
Design of Database Integration of Grid Online Monitoring System Based on Middleware

With the development of smart grids,the on-line monitoring system for major equipment and transmission lines has become an effective means for the operation and maintenance of the power transmission facilities in large substations.With increasing of on-line monitoring systems,however,the"information isolated island" problem has become more and more prominent,which directly complicates the management.Therefore,there is an urgent need to integrate these independent on-line monitoring systems and realize sharing of the information,namely,realize the integration of heterogeneous data.To this end,this paper,firstly introduces the characteristics of the data integration for the on-line monitoring systems for power grids and then the middleware data integration.Based on an analysis of the main goal of the heterogeneous data integration and the key problems,the paper proposes a data integration solution based on middleware and the heterogeneous database for XML and JMS so as to realize the data source query,sharing,and publishing among the heterogeneous data of all kinds of the original on-line monitoring systems.
Retained foreign body in sino-orbital region.

It is rare to find foreign bodies in nose and paranasal sinuses. The further rarity is to encounter impacted foreign body in this region and route of entry being through the orbit. We are here by presenting a case, where a metallic foreign body was retained for duration of 4 months in sino — orbital region.
Stormwater Analysis and Prediction in Houston

Analyses of available stormwater hydrologic and water quality data for several Houston area watersheds yielded direct linear relationships between pollutant mass loading rates and cumulative storm runoff volume. These relationships were then used to rank the watersheds on a pollutant load per unit runoff basis, and to calculate total annual pollutant loads for each area. Further, a plot of dimensionless cumulative flow versus the dimensionless cumulative flux provides a quantifiable means to evaluate the first flush, allowing comparison of this effect between watersheds. Finally, the developed load-runoff relationships provide the basis for a simple, yet effective method of predicting pollutant mass flows for individual or sequential storm events.
The Rise of III-nitrides: An Introduction

After nearly a century since the first synthesis of aluminum nitride (AlN), III-nitride semiconductors have become one cornerstone of modem optoelectronic and electronic devices thanks to a spectacular research and development in the last 20 years. The nitrides of group III metal elements commonly referred to as aluminum nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN), indium nitride (InN), and their alloys, all of which are compounds of nitrogen—the smallest group V element in the Periodic Table and an element with one of the highest values of electronegativity. III-nitride semiconductors crystallize in their most stable form into a wurtzite crystallographic structure with nitrogen atoms forming a hexagonal close packed (hep) structure and the group III atoms occupying half of the tetrahedral sites available in the hep lattice. III-nitrides are polar crystals as they do not have a center of symmetry. They thus possess many other potentially useful properties such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and non-linear optical properties. Long regarded as a scientific curiosity, III-nitrides have now earned a most respected place in the science and technology of compound semiconductors, as well as modem electronic and optoelectronic devices.
The Russian Fine Art Book Collection at Stanford University Libraries

ABSTRACTThe article introduces readers and scholars interested in Russian art, considered broadly, to collections housed at one of the major repositories in the United States, Stanford University Libraries (SUL), with the adjacent Hoover Institution Library (although it concentrates on SUL). In general, the two collections complement each other.
Collective impact of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and coronary calcium score on clinical outcomes with or without statin therapy: The St Francis Heart Study.

Abstract Background and aims The efficacy of statin therapy remains unknown in patients eligible for statin therapy with and without elevated coronary calcium score (CAC). The study sought to evaluate how cardiovascular risk factors, expressed in terms of statin eligibility for primary prevention, and CAC modify clinical outcomes with and without statin therapy. Methods We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the St. Francis Heart Study treatment trial, a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin (20 mg), vitamin C (1 g), and vitamin E (1000 U) daily, versus placebos in 990 asymptomatic individuals with CAC ≥ 80th percentile for age and gender. Primary cardiovascular outcomes included non-fatal myocardial infarction or coronary death, coronary revascularization, stroke, and peripheral arterial revascularization. We further stratified the treatment and placebo groups by eligibility (eligible when statin indicated) for statin therapy based on 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines and based on CAC categories. Results After a median follow-up of 4.8 years, cardiovascular events had occurred in 3.9% of the statin treated but not eligible, 4.6% of the untreated and not eligible, 8.9% of the treated and eligible and 13.4% of the untreated and eligible groups, respectively ( p 300) occurred frequently in more than 35% of the statin not eligible subjects and was associated with a high 10-year event rate (≥17 per 100 person-years). Risk prediction improved significantly when both clinical risk profile and CAC score were combined (net reclassification index p = 0.002). Conclusions Under the current statin treatment guidelines a small number of statin eligible subjects with low CAC might not benefit from statin therapy within 5 years. However, the statin not eligible subjects with high CAC have high event rate attributing to loss of opportunity for effective primary prevention.
Effect of Host Decoys on the Ability of the Parasitoids Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Parasitize House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Puparia

The pteromalid pupal parasitoids Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders and Spalangia cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) are commonly released on livestock farms for management of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). To be effective, parasitoids must be able to locate live host puparia in complex environments that may include dead or formerly parasitized hosts and non-host physical objects. In this study, both species of parasitoids were examined for their ability to kill and parasitize live house fly puparia either alone or in mixtures with formerly parasitized (dead) hosts or similarly sized acrylic beads. Muscidifurax raptor killed significantly fewer hosts and produced fewer progeny when the parasitoids were provided with hosts that were mixed with formerly parasitized puparia. Spalangia cameroni was unaffected by the presence of formerly parasitized puparia for any of the measured variables. When beads were used as a decoy instead of formerly parasitized puparia, high bead-to-live-host ratios (90% decoys) resulted in significantly fewer numbers of hosts killed by M. raptor compared with the other treatments (50% and no decoys). Residual host mortality at the high bead-to-live-host ratio (90% decoys) was lower (31.2%) than in ratios of 50:50 and with no decoys (51.6 and 59.3%, respectively), so that progeny production by M. raptor was unaffected by the presence of beads. Spalangia cameroni killed over twice as many hosts and produced twice as many progeny in the absence of bead decoys than when beads made up 90% of the decoy—host mixture. The results support the scatter method for deploying parasitized puparia during releases, because the presence of formerly parasitized hosts did not interfere substantially with the ability of S. cameroni and M. raptor to locate and parasitize live pupae.
Data-driven stochastic robust optimization: General computational framework and algorithm leveraging machine learning for optimization under uncertainty in the big data era

Abstract A novel data-driven stochastic robust optimization (DDSRO) framework is proposed for optimization under uncertainty leveraging labeled multi-class uncertainty data. Uncertainty data in large datasets are often collected from various conditions, which are encoded by class labels. Machine learning methods including Dirichlet process mixture model and maximum likelihood estimation are employed for uncertainty modeling. A DDSRO framework is further proposed based on the data-driven uncertainty model through a bi-level optimization structure. The outer optimization problem follows a two-stage stochastic programming approach to optimize the expected objective across different data classes; adaptive robust optimization is nested as the inner problem to ensure the robustness of the solution while maintaining computational tractability. A decomposition-based algorithm is further developed to solve the resulting multi-level optimization problem efficiently. Case studies on process network design and planning are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework and algorithm.
Obesity and place: Chronic disease in the 500 largest U.S. cities

Abstract Objectives Extant research clearly points to a correlation between place and health, specifically as it pertains to chronic diseases like obesity. The present study examines this relationship among a diverse set of compositional place indicators and obesity rates across census tracts in the 500 largest cities in the United States. Methods Using data compiled from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 500 Cities project and the Census’ American Community Survey, the analyses examined aggregate relationships between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and housing characteristics of census tracts and crude prevalence obesity rates in over 27,000 census tracts located in the 500 largest cities in the United States. Results Multivariate analysis confirms the place-chronic health connection. Regardless of variable groups, deteriorating places with higher concentrations of low-income, minority populations reported more obesity prevalence. Conclusions Place matters. The continuing burden of zip code in the United States for disenfranchised populations will likely continue to force policymakers to examine the role that place-based prevention and place-focused medical care plays in the future health and well-being of U.S. residents.
An Introduction to Projective Geometry

Projective geometry has a long history going back to the late classical era with the work of Pappus . Early in the nineteenth century, Poncelet wrote the first treatise on the subject but it did not develop into one of the building blocks of modern mathematics until late in the nineteenth century. Nowadays, projective geometry is part of the everyday working tool set for mathematicians in geometry, topology, and algebra. It is also of interest in its own right.
How bad is it, really? an analysis of severity scores for vulnerabilities: poster

To date, vulnerability research has focused on the binary classification of code as vulnerable or not vulnerable. To better understand the conditions in which vulnerabilities occur, researchers must consider the severity of these vulnerabilities in addition to a binary classification system. To explore this issue, we mined 2,979 publicly disclosed vulnerabilities from Fedora 24 and 25. We then found severity scores from the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) and plotted the distribution of these vulnerabilities. We found that publicly scored vulnerabilities skew high, with few vulnerabilities rated lower than a 5. We then explore other potential issues with the use of CVSS in practice, such as imbalances in Confidentiality, Availability, and Integrity scores.
Visualizing deceleration-phase instabilities in inertial confinement fusion implosions using an “enhanced self-emission” technique at the National Ignition Facility

High-mode perturbations and low-mode asymmetries were measured in the deceleration phase of indirectly driven, deuterium gas filled inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions at convergence ratios of 10 to 15, using a new “enhanced emission” technique at the National Ignition Facility [E. M. Campbell et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 429, 3 (1998)]. In these experiments, a high spatial resolution Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope was used to image the x-ray emission from the inner surface of a high-density-carbon capsule's shell. The use of a high atomic number dopant in the shell enabled time-resolved observations of shell perturbations penetrating into the hot spot. This allowed the effects of the perturbations and asymmetries on degrading neutron yield to be directly measured. In particular, mix induced radiation losses of ∼400 J from the hot spot resulted in a neutron yield reduction of a factor of ∼2. In a subsequent experiment with a significantly increased level of short-mode initial perturbations, shown throu...
Effects of internal and external factors on the budgeting between defensive and non-defensive responses in Aplysia.

Following exposure to aversive stimuli, organisms budget their behaviors by augmenting defensive responses and reducing/suppressing non-defensive behaviors. This budgeting process must be flexible to accommodate modifications in the animal's internal and/or external state that require the normal balance between defensive and non-defensive behaviors to be adjusted. When exposed to aversive stimuli, the mollusk Aplysia budgets its behaviors by concurrently enhancing defensive withdrawal reflexes (an elementary form of learning known as sensitization) and suppressing feeding. Sensitization and feeding suppression are consistently co-expressed following different training protocols and share common temporal domains, suggesting that they are interlocked. In this study, we attempted to uncouple the co-expression of sensitization and feeding suppression using: 1) manipulation of the animal's motivational state through prolonged food deprivation and 2) extended training with aversive stimuli that induces sensitization lasting for weeks. Both manipulations uncoupled the co-expression of the above behavioral changes. Prolonged food deprivation prevented the expression of sensitization, but not of feeding suppression. Following the extended training, sensitization and feeding suppression were co-expressed only for a limited time (i.e., 24 h), after which feeding returned to baseline levels as sensitization persisted for up to seven days. These findings indicate that sensitization and feeding suppression are not interlocked and that their co-expression can be uncoupled by internal (prolonged food deprivation) and external (extended aversive training) factors. The different strategies, by which the co-expression of sensitization and feeding suppression was altered, provide an example of how budgeting strategies triggered by an identical aversive experience can vary depending on the state of the organism.
Uncovering the hidden impacts of inequality on mental health: a global study.

Women are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from mental illness. This gender disparity in depressive disorders may relate to social inequalities and living standards across nations. Currently, these disparities were not reflected at the level of health policies. This study utilized global data for depressive disorders and socioeconomic data from the United Nations’ World Bank databases and Global Burden of Disease database to demonstrate the correlation between social inequality and gender disparities in mental health. This study investigated the association among the ratio of female to male depressive disorder rates, gross domestic product, the GINI Index, and the gender inequality index for 122 countries. The research yielded some major findings. First, there exists a significant correlation between gender inequality and gender disparities in mental health. Second, the GINI index is significantly associated with male—but not female—depressive disorder rates. Third, gender disparities in depressive disorders are associated with a country’s wealth. These findings can help to inform society, policy-makers, and clinicians to improve the overall health level globally.
An inside look at the Ti-MoS2contact in ultra-thin field effect transistor with atomic resolution

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an excellent channel material for ultra-thin field effect transistors. However, high contact resistance across the metal-MoS2 interface continues to limit its widespread realization. Here, using atomic-resolution analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) together with first principle calculations, we show that this contact problem is a fundamental limitation from the bonding and interactions at the metal-MoS2 interface that cannot be solved by improved deposition engineering. STEM analysis in conjunction with theory shows that when MoS2 is in contact with Ti, a metal with a high affinity to form strong bonds with sulfur, there is a release of S from Mo along with the formation of small Ti/TixSy clusters. A destruction of the MoS2 layers and penetration of metal can also be expected. The design of true high-mobility metal-MoS2 contacts will require the optimal selection of the metal or alloy based on their bonding interactions with the MoS2 surface. This can be advanced by evaluation of binding energies with increasing the number of atoms within metal clusters.
A Consulting Project from A to Z

In this chapter our aim is to try to reproduce the entire consultation process for a particular project from initial contact with the client to the final written report and postcompletion followup. The actual consultation took place in a university environment which we refer to as the SCP (see Section 1.4.5). We have modified certain aspects of this project to maintain anonymity of the client, and to keep the length of this presentation within reasonable limits.
Ethics, education, and integrative medicine.

Physician knowledge of complementary and alternative medicine can help patients make informed decisions regarding treatment plans. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Diseases Caused by Protozoa

Human diseases caused by pathogenic protozoa affect close to a billion people worldwide and create a substantial health and economic burden, particularly in less developed countries. These diseases are especially prevalent under conditions of poor sanitation, debilitation, high population density, inadequate control of the …
A Cross-Study Analysis for Reproducible Sub-classification of Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective: To identify reproducible sub-classes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that correlate with patient outcomes. Methods: Two TBI datasets from the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research (FITBIR) Informatics System were utilized, Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Pilot and Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT). Patients included in these analyses had closed head injuries with Glasgow Comas Scale (GCS) scores of 13-15 at arrival at the Emergency Department (ED). Sparse hiearchical clustering was applied to identify TBI sub-classes within each dataset. The reproducibility of the sub-classes was evaluated by investigating similarities in clinical variable profiles and patient outcomes in each sub-class between the two datasets, as well as by using a statistical metric called in-group proportion (IGP). Results: Seven TBI sub-classes were identified in the first dataset. There were between-class differences in patient outcomes at 90 days (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE): p < 0.001) and 180 days (Trail Making Test (TMT): p = 0.03). Four of seven sub-classes were reproducible in the second dataset with very high IGPs (94, 100, 99, 97%). Seven TBI sub-classes were also identified in the second dataset. There were significant between-class differences in patient outcomes at 180 days (GOSE: p = 0.024; Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) p = 0.007; TMT: p < 0.001). Three of seven sub-classes were reproducible in the second dataset with very high IGPs (100% for all). Conclusions: Reproducible TBI sub-classes were identified across two independent datasets, suggesting that these sub-classes exist in a general population. Differences in patient outcomes according to sub-class assignment suggest that this sub-classification could be used to guide post-TBI prognosis.
Analytical Performance Modeling of Non-Deterministic Cloud Workflows Using CSM

Cloud workflows are widely used for scientific applications as it divides large applications into smaller tasks that run sequentially or in parallel. Workflows can be described as Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) or nonDirected Acyclic Graph (non-DAG). Non-DAG workflows allow iteration patterns. Iteration and choice patterns result in a probabilistic execution cost which makes it hard to estimate execution time, required resources, cost and power consumption. This paper uses Computational Structure Model (CSM) to help analyze workflows and presents all possible executions of the workflow by creating a function of a number of the flows ina workflow. This wi11 help designers of the workflow to estimate the execution time and cost before running the workflow in the cloud.
An epic journey in sharing: The story of a young researcher's journey to share her data and the information professionals who tried to help

Sharing data can be a journey with various characters, challenges along the way, and uncertain outcomes. These “epic journeys in sharing” teach information professionals about our patrons, our institutions, our community, and ourselves. In this paper, we tell a particularly dramatic data-sharing story, in effect a case study, in the form of a Greek Drama. It is the quest of – a young idealistic researcher collecting fascinating sensitive data and seeking to share it, encountering an institution doing its due diligence, helpful library folks, and an expert repository. Our story has moments of joy, such as when our researcher is solely motivated to share because she wants others to be able to reuse her unique data; dramatic plot twists involving IRBs; and a poignant ending. It explores major tropes and themes about how researchers’ motivations, data types, and data sensitivity can impact sharing; the importance of having clarity concerning institutional policies and procedures; and the role of professional communities and relationships. Just like the chorus in greek drama provides commentary on the action, a a chorus of data elders in our drama points out larger lessons that the case study has for research data management and data sharing. Where actors in the greek chorus were wearing masks, our chorus carries different items, symbolizing their message, on every entry. [i] The narrative structure of this paper was inspired by the IASSIST 2018 conference theme of “Once Upon a Data Point: Sustaining Our Data Storytellers.”
Stratified Multiplexing Computer-Generated Holograms

We design stratified computer-generated holograms to achieve multiplexing, a technique that enables recording of multiple output signals that are switched upon change of light input parameters. The concept and design are demonstrated experimentally.
Interpreting Average Effect Sizes: Never a Center without a Spread.

School leaders today are making important decisions regarding education innovations based on published average effect sizes, even though few understand exactly how effect sizes are calculated or wh...
Evaluation of 3 Compression Forces Using Pressed Juiced Percentage (PJP) and the Relationship to Consumer Juiciness Ratings

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the PJP method utilizing three compression forces and determine the relationship of these values to consumer sensory scores of juiciness. Materials and MethodsStrip loins (n = 40) were collected to represent five quality treatments: USDA Prime, Certified Angus Beef (CAB; upper 2/3 Choice), Low Choice, Select, and Select from phenotypical Angus cattle (Angus Select). Strip loins were aged 21 d and cut into 2.5 cm thick steaks. Consecutively cut steaks were assigned to either consumer sensory testing or for PJP evaluation at one of three compression forces (4, 8, or 12 kg) and slice shear force (SSF) determination. For testing, steaks were cooked in a convection oven to an internal temperature of 71°C. Following SSF sample removal, steak samples evaluated for PJP were compressed for 30 s at one of the three compression forces as previously described by Woolley (2014). Consumer panelists (n = 112) evaluated paired samples cooked under identical conditions for juiciness using 100 mm line scales (Wilfong et al., 2015). ResultsWhen compressed at 4 kg, samples had the lowest (P 0.05) PJP value. Conversely, samples compressed at 12 kg, resulted in the highest (P 0.05) found among quality treatments. When compressed at 8 kg, CAB and Low Choice samples had lower (P 0.05) correlated with consumer juiciness scores. However, when evaluating consumer juiciness scores, Prime was rated higher (P 0.05) for juiciness. This indicates only minimum amounts of juiciness variation within the population of samples used for this study. This likely contributed to the lack of correlation between consumer juiciness scores and PJP values. Prime samples had the lowest (P 0.05) in SSF were found among CAB, Low Choice, and Select. Also, Angus Select samples had the highest (P 0.05) was found between cook loss and consumer juiciness ratings. ConclusionResults indicate that modifying the compression force used during PJP testing had a large effect on the observed percentage of juiciness quantified from samples; however, few differences among quality treatment groups were observed. To determine the optimal PJP compression force for consumer juiciness prediction, a greater amount of juiciness variation among samples is required than was observed in the current study.
Educational tool reduces parental stress at home post pediatric cardiac surgery: A pilot study

Abstract Congenital heart disease is a prevalent health issue in patients around the world. Approximately 8 in 1000 live births are complicated by congenital heart disease (Ndile and Kohi, 2011). Increased levels of stress and anxiety have been reported by parents of children with congenital heart disease throughout the process of cardiac surgery, hospitalization, and especially discharge home (Brown and Smith, 2018). This pilot research study utilized pre-intervention and post-intervention survey methodology to examine the impact of an educational tool on parental stress while caring for their child at home post cardiac surgery. The educational tool created by the researcher was a binder of information specific to the patient's heart diagnosis: pictures of a normal heart compared to the abnormally structured heart, pictures of the surgical repair, hospital expectations, discharge instructions, and references for home care and concerns. Comparison of pre-intervention and post-intervention surveys showed an overall decrease in parental stress related to recognizing signs of deterioration, knowing who to contact with questions, and caring for their child at home post cardiac surgery. Providing education and resources related to congenital heart disease allowed parents to further understand their child's cardiac complexities which attributed to an overall decrease in parental stress. Ensuring parents are capable and comfortable caring for their child at home after cardiac surgery may indicate positive long-term outcomes for patients.
Expert Consensus Decision Pathway of the American College of Cardiology on Management of Bleeding in Patients With Oral Anticoagulants: A Review of the 2020 Update for Perioperative Physicians

The use and evolution of oral anticoagulation therapies continue to advance for multiple reasons, including a growing segment of older patients with associated chronic prothrombotic illnesses including cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematologic and oncologic conditions. Correlated to this increased use of oral anticoagulants is bleeding complications associated with their use. Based on these trends, it is expected that perioperative physicians will be facing more and more of these patients requiring scheduled, urgent or emergent surgical procedures During May 2020, the American College of Cardiology updated its Expert Consensus Decision Pathway devoted to the approach of bleeding in patients on oral anticoagulants. This updated version emphasized the expanding role of the direct-acting oral anticoagulants in other conditions beyond nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, such as venous thromboembolism. Several details discussed within this most recent update are pertinent to perioperative physicians, who frequently deal with bleeding in the setting of anticoagulation. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight and expand on these salient points because they relate to perioperative management.
Correlation of Cyber Threat Intelligence Data Across Global Honeypots

Today's global network is filled with attackers both live and automated seeking to identify and compromise vulnerable devices, with initial scanning and attack activity occurring within minutes or even seconds of being connected to the Internet. To better understand these events, honeypots can be deployed to monitor and log activity by simulating actual Internet facing services such as SSH, Telnet, HTTP, or FTP, and malicious activity can be logged as attempts are made to compromise them. In this study six multi-service honeypots are deployed in locations around the globe to collect and catalog traffic over a period of several months between March and December, 2020. Analysis is performed on various characteristics including source and destination IP addresses and port numbers, usernames and passwords utilized, commands executed, and types of files downloaded. In addition, Cowrie log data is restructured to observe individual attacker sessions, study command sequences, and monitor tunneling activity. This data is then correlated across honeypots to compare attack and traffic patterns with the goal of learning more about the tactics being employed. By gathering data gathered from geographically separate zones over a long period of time a greater understanding can be developed regarding attacker intent and methodology, can aid in the development of effective approaches to identifying malicious behavior and attack sources, and can serve as a cyber-threat intelligence feed.
Anatomy of the Elbow

The elbow is classified as a trochoginglymoid joint because it has the abilities to both flex and extend as a hinge and to supinate and pronate about an axis. Its motion is coordinated with the shoulder to position the hand in space away from the trunk and therefore is crucial for everything from activities of daily living to professional athletics. The joint itself is composed of a complex balance of bone and soft tissues that contribute to motion and stability. It is one of the most congruous joints of the musculoskeletal system and also one of the most stable based on almost equal contributions from the soft tissue constraints and the articular surfaces. The primary stabilizers of the elbow are the ulnohumeral joint, medial collateral ligament (MCL) complex, and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) complex. These are each functionally static stabilizers with fixed positions relative to one another through the elbow’s arc of motion. The secondary stabilizers of the elbow are composed of both static and dynamic structures and include in particular the joint capsule, the radiocapitellar joint, and the surrounding musculature. Despite this inherent stability, injuries to the bones or soft tissues of the elbow can ultimately result in an unstable joint prone to subluxation or dislocation.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores, age, or years since menopause to predict cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative.

Objective To assess the utility of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores compared to age or years since menopause for prediction of CVD events in the WHI clinical trials. Methods Briefly, in the randomized clinical trial 27,347 postmenopausal women age 50 to 79 years entered from 1993 to 1998. Women with a uterus (16,608) were randomized to receive daily oral conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) (0.625 mg) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) (5.7 years or placebo), while women with a hysterectomy (10,739) were randomized to receive daily oral CEE (0.625 mg) alone or placebo (7.2 y). CVD risk scores were assessed at baseline and CVD events were adjudicated throughout the follow-up period to the end of the main study phase and to the end of cumulative follow-up. The median follow-up time after the start of the randomized clinical trial to the end of the main study phase was 8.2 years. The median follow-up time to the end of cumulative follow-up was 17.6 years. We compared The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) and Framingham Heart Study risk scores to age or years since menopause all obtained at baseline to predict subsequent CVD events. The absolute event rates, hazard ratios, and C-statistics (Uno Concordance from Cox proportional models) were compared. Results Overall, the hazard ratios for CVD events were highest with calculated CVD scores calculated at trial onset both at the end of the main study (ranging from 2.02 to 10.8 for Q2-Q5, compared to Q1) and at cumulative follow-up (ranging from 1.76 to 8.86 for Q2-Q5, compared to Q1). While older age and years since menopause at baseline were also associated with higher CVD event rates, better risk prediction was accomplished by using CVD risk scores. The Framingham Heart Study BMI score had the highest C-statistic at the end of the main study (0.711) and after 17.6 years through the end of follow-up (0.689). Conclusions CVD risk scores can help identify postmenopausal women at higher risk for CVD beyond age or time since menopause. Risk scoring that better estimates vascular aging may facilitate CVD risk prevention. When performed prior to initiation of menopausal hormone therapy, scores can better inform HT risk/benefit discussions.
Collective action in games as in life: Experimental evidence from canal cleaning in Haiti

Abstract This paper explores the impact of exposure to a collective action dilemma in a framed public goods game on farmers’ behavior in real-world scenarios characterized by similar strategic trade-offs. From a sample of 841 rice farmers in rural Haiti, I randomly selected 277 to participate in public goods games framed to mimic the real trade-off they face between private work and participation in the management of shared canals. Over the subsequent planting season, the local irrigation association organized voluntary canal-cleaning days to manage the shared canal systems that irrigate farmers’ fields. Treated farmers were 56% more likely than those in the control group to volunteer. The mechanisms through which the treatment seemed to operate was by increasing social connections between plot neighbors and shifting participants’ expectations of others’ contributions to the public good, suggesting that public goods games provide a setting in which to connect with and learn about one’s neighbors and to develop common norms of behavior.
Vision and Values: M. Powell Lawton and the Philosophical Foundations of Environment-Aging Studies

Abstract As the formative figure in the emergence and development of Environment-Aging Studies, M. Powell Lawton influenced virtually every facet of this realm of research. Among his many contributions, Lawton helped shape the philosophical foundations which underlie the field and give direction to goals, theories, methods, and strategies of research. These philosophical foundations of Environment-Behavior Studies are analyzed from five complementary perspec-tives-axiological, ontological, epistemological, methodological, and praxeological-with particular attention paid to Lawton's position on each. Though unwavering in his position with regard to values, Lawton explored a variety of philosophical positions and continued to work to ward a meaningful synthesis of what are often seen as conflicting world-views.
Alzheimer's Patients and Web Accessibility

ABSTRACT Although the Net is an indispensable business/personal tool for many, indications are that a growing population chunk – the Alzheimer’s afflicted – will be unable to harness it due to inappropriate interface design. By 2050, over 80 million will exceed age 65, the Worker/Retiree ratio will shrink to 2, and the number of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients will triple to 14 million. Annual estimated societal costs attributable to AD are about $100 billion with no cure in sight. Simultaneously, more Americans must remain productive post retirement age and non-retirees are increasingly being diagnosed with AD. The socio-economic ramifications are tremendous. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and Congress have advanced guidelines/laws to make IT more disabled friendly. However, a fundamental issue remains: to our knowledge, the guidelines are entirely prescriptive and we are unaware of rigorous research evidence demonstrating benefits to compliance. Our work focuses on specific aspects of this research opportunity.
Developing a strategic policy choice framework for technological innovation: A case study on the biopharmaceutical industry in China

In this research, a technology policy choice framework is developed to link prospective high-tech areas, technology development strategies, and various innovative resources. The research approach is to develop a Hierarchical Decision Model. Experts are invited from diverse sources to provide a balanced perspective representing different stakeholders. This research focuses on the fast developing Chinese biopharmaceutical industry as a case study. The results of this research have identified thirteen biotech areas, four strategies and eight types of innovation resources to achieve industrial competitiveness in the biopharmaceutical industry. The research outcomes serve as guidelines in resource allocation and policy making for technology development.