cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Image-based streamline generation and rendering

Seeding streamlines in 3D flow fields without considering their projections in screen space can produce visually cluttered rendering results. Streamlines will overlap or intersect with each other in the output image, which makes it difficult for the user to perceive the underlying flow structure. This paper presents a method to control the seeding and generation of streamlines in image space to avoid visual cluttering and allow a more flexible exploration of flow fields. In our algorithm, 2D images with depth maps generated by a variety of visualization techniques can be used as input from which seeds are placed and streamlines are generated. The density and rendering styles of streamlines can be flexibly controlled based on various criteria to improve visual clarity. With our image space approach, it is straightforward to implement the level of detail rendering, depth peeling, and stylized rendering of streamlines to allow for more effective visualization of 3D flow fields.
Manipulating with soft fingers: modeling contacts and dynamics

The authors present an attempt to model soft robot fingertips filled with powders or plastic fluids. They propose two rolling models, adapted from hot metal rolling and extrusion, and discuss the factors that affect the choice of appropriate models. The integration of energy losses in the dynamic equations of motion is then considered. Initial simulation studies have shown that soft fingertips can help stabilize the grasp and reduce the demands on the control system. The viscoplastic nature of the finger tips affects the dynamics of manipulation by dissipating energy. The coin snap problem is given as an example to demonstrate this effect. >
Ehrlichia chaffeensis in archived tissues of a white-tailed deer.

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) play an integral role in the natural history of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). Paraffinized tissues from a white-tailed deer submitted as a diagnostic case to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (Athens, Georgia, USA) in October of 1985 and originally described as infected with an unidentified rickettsial organism were re-examined by specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for evidence of infection with Ehrlichia spp. Ehrlichia chaffeensis was identified from the bone marrow and inguinal lymph node of this deer based on amplification of a characteristic sequence-confirmed 16S rDNA fragment from these tissues. Parallel PCR tests on the same samples were negative for 16S rDNA fragments of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and for an Ehrlichia-like organism widely distributed in white-tailed deer populations. This report describes detection of E. chaffeensis in archived tissu...
Physical activity and psychological well-being in older women

Physical activity clearly has benefits for the health and well-being of women and men of all ages, and activity may well be particularly beneficial for older individuals. Physical gains and health benefits of activity are well documented, and physical activity is identified as a health promotion priority area by the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services.
Cabibbo mixing from strong-interaction condensates

In a scenario where the down and strange quark weak-interaction eigenstates are given a current mass, it is argued that a likely pattern of chiral symmetry breaking is one in which\(\left\langle {\bar uu} \right\rangle ,\left\langle {\bar dd} \right\rangle \) and\(\left\langle {\bar sd} \right\rangle = \left\langle {\bar ds} \right\rangle \) condensates form, the latter either instead of, or in addition to, an\(\left\langle {\bar ss} \right\rangle \) condensate. This results in a dynamical mixing contribution to the effectives-d mass matrix. Using previous estimates of quark mass ratios, the resulting Cabibbo angle is computed to be (13±4)°. A consistent solution is reached with zero Lagrangian mass for the up quark, providing a possible solution to the strongCP problem. In the absence of weak interactions,\(\left\langle {\bar sd} \right\rangle = \left\langle {\bar ds} \right\rangle = 0\), but\(\lim x \to \infty \left\langle {\bar s(x) d(x) \bar d(0) s(0)} \right\rangle \ne 0\), corresponding to a condensate of spatially noncorrelated\(\bar sd/\bar ds\) pairs, and plays a nearly identical role. Pauli-principle effects give this pair-condensed vacuum a lower energy than the usual spontaneously broken vacuum solution, and produces an allowed violation of cluster decomposition. Strangeness is not spontaneously broken, and no unwanted Goldstone bosons result.
Narrative and Seriality in Elizabeth Catlett’s Prints

This article conceptualizes visual and textual iteration as a means of storytelling in the work of Elizabeth Catlett. Catlett addresses social change and has been associated with several artistic and political periods, including Social Realism, the Mexican School, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Black Arts Movement—a testament to her extensive range in championing marginalized peoples via prints and sculpture. The dominant figures in her work reflect not only inequalities inherent in systemic racism and instances of violence toward African Americans, but also beauty of Black and indigenous bodies and hope for the future. The role repetition plays in her artistic vocabulary, here inclusive of the written word and images, prove that “intertextuality” can occur within the frame of a single illustration.
Economic Advantage in East-West Trade: Abandoning Market Fictions in Trade with Nonmarket Economy Countries

This article considers the inherent illogic of existing approaches to applying U.S. trade law to Non-Market Economy (NME) countries. U.S. trade law is largely based upon the premise that free trade is best, so long as it is essentially fair. Of the areas of trade law that control this balance for trade in goods with NME's - antidumping law ("AD"), countervailing duty law ("CVD"), and market disruption law - only market disruption law was designed with the special economic characteristics of centrally-planned economies in mind. This article proposes excluding NME's from the scope of AD and CVD law and developing an entirely new legal regime of trade regulation, including a slightly modified market disruption law. Such a new legal regime would be based upon the concept of taking maximum economic advantage of the inefficiencies of NME's. While enjoying this advantage, the new legal regime would need to preserve the flexibility required to respond to the special threats such an economy can present to market-based economies.Although this article was written and published before the fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union, its market orientation and its emphasis on using trade laws fairly, logically, and with an eye to economic advantage continue to remain relevant, especially in the context of the world's many remaining non-market trading sectors.
Advice to New Managers

Each of these 12 successful managers could serve as a role model for anyone taking a job in emergency management or any other type of public agency. They had some pointed and highly perceptive advice for newcomers. To cross-validate their reports of their activities and perceptions and to broaden the information base, I asked each of the other 79 executives I interviewed what a new manager could learn for them. I injected the name of the community and the local emergency manager’s name into the following question: “Before I leave, one last question. If you were talking to a person who had just taken the job as emergency manager in a place like (name of community), what aspect of the way (director’s name) does the job would you single out for him or her. What could he or she learn from (director’s name) that might increase his or her chances of success?”
Electrical Resistivity Imaging To Explore Solute Transport In A Stream System

Time-lapse electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) was used to map the movement of a conservative salt tracer through a stream system at the Leading Ridge Experimental Watershed in central Pennsylvania. A transect of 12 electrodes was established perpendicular to the direction of stream flow to allow for imaging of the stream, streambed, and surrounding aquifer. ERI measurements were taken at regular intervals during the 21-hour tracer test and for 23 hours after the injection ended. The purposes of this test were 1) to identify the movement of a saline tracer through subsurface preferential pathways and the extent of the hyporheic zone, or subsurface actively connected to the stream, and 2) to determine the behavior of saline tracer in the subsurface as based on spatial moments. At early time, the tomograms show a drop in resistivity of up to 10 percent in the immediate area of the stream relative to background measurements taken before the start of the salt injection; later, a region of low resistivity develops in a hypothesized abandoned streambed on the inside of a meander bend. Transport of the tracer through the subsurface occurs at a slower rate than its movement in the stream. Spatial moments indicate that a substantial quantity of solute is entrained in the subsurface and persists in the hyporheic zone well after the end of tracer injection. ERI effectively images the movement of a saline tracer through hyporheic pathways, providing a higher resolution image of transport behavior in the subsurface.
Identity priming consistently affects perceptual fluency but only affects metamemory when primes are obvious

Perceptual fluency manipulations influence metamemory judgments, with more fluently perceived information judged as more memorable. However, it is not always clear whether this influence is driven by actual experienced processing fluency or by beliefs about memory. The current study used an identity-priming paradigm-in which words are preceded by either matched (identical) or mismatched primes-to examine the 2 influences. Participants named and made judgments of learning (JOLs) for critical words and then completed a memory test. In Experiment 1, we briefly presented the primes and found a priming effect on naming latencies but not on JOLs. In Experiment 2, we presented the primes for longer durations and, again, found an effect on naming in addition to an effect on JOLs. A mediation analysis revealed that naming latencies did not account for the prime-JOL relationship. This pattern of results demonstrated a manipulation of perceptual fluency that influenced JOLs only when belief-based information was readily available.
A K3 Surface Associated With Certain Integral Matrices Having Integral Eigenvalues

In this article we will show that there are infinitely many symmetric, integral 3 × 3 matrices, with zeros on the diagonal, whose eigenvalues are all integral. We will do this by proving that the rational points on a certain non-Kummer, singular surface are dense. We will also compute the entire Neron–Severi group of this surface and find all low degree curves on it.
What we publish

Thank you for the support in getting Network Science up and running. We are deeply appreciative of the work our associate editors, authors, and reviewers have put into realizing this vision of an interdisciplinary journal for network science. And of course, the journal would not be possible without the hard work of the editors of Network Science , who act as action editors for the submitted articles.
Special Issue on Security and Performance of Networks and Clouds

This special issue focuses on the security and performance of computer networks and cloud computing. It was inspired by papers presented at a special symposium held on 22 September 2011 in honor of Professor Satish K. Tripathi on the occasion of his 60th birthday and on the eve of his formal investiture as President of the University at Buffalo, the State University of New York. The symposium brought together some 100 participants, including several of Professor Tripathi's current and former collaborators, colleagues and students.
Adenosine is required for ethanol-induced heterologous desensitization

Recent evidence suggests that ethanol initially causes an increase in receptor-dependent cAMP levels, followed by heterologous desensitization of receptors coupled to GS after chronic exposure. Here we investigated the role of adenosine in mediating these responses. We found that ethanol caused accumulation of extracellular adenosine in NG108-15 and S49 lymphoma cells. This adenosine activated adenosine receptors to increase intracellular cAMP levels. The addition of adenosine deaminase, to degrade accumulated extracellular adenosine, or isobutyl-methylxanthine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, completely blocked ethanol-induced increases in cAMP levels in NG108-15 cells. Chronic exposure of NG108-15 and S49 wild type cells to ethanol resulted in heterologous desensitization of adenosine receptor- and prostaglandin E1 receptor-dependent cAMP signal transduction. Coincubation of NG108-15 and S49 wild type cells with adenosine deaminase and ethanol for 48 hr prevented heterologous desensitization. Moreover, mutant S49 cells, which are unable to transport adenosine, did not accumulate extracellular adenosine after incubation with ethanol and did not develop ethanol-induced heterologous desensitization. Our results suggest that adenosine is an important mediator of both the acute and chronic effects of ethanol on cAMP signal transduction.
Cardiac Devices and Technologies: Continued Rapid Rates of Development

The primary goals of this last chapter are to: (1) make note of the technologies mentioned earlier in this book, (2) describe some important changes in healthcare and global markets that could have an impact on the use rate of technologies being developed, and (3) discuss several other future opportunities in the cardiac device arena. It should be noted that the chapters of this third edition were updated, and new ones were added to specifically describe recent critical advances in cardiac device technologies and/or clinical applications. There are also other areas of importance in cardiac treatment such as biological approaches to disease management (stem cell therapy), genomics (diagnostics and gene therapy), proteomics, and/or tissue engineering, all of which may have a major impact on the future of cardiac clinical care; however, detailed discussions of these approaches are beyond the scope of this book.
Off label therapies for testosterone replacement

The incidence of hypogonadism has been steadily increasing over the last few years. Exogenous testosterone has been the standard treatment for hypogonadal men, but is associated with suppression of spermatogenesis as well as other possible adverse effects. There are other medications, currently considered “off label” for androgen replenishment, that exert their effect through modulation of the hypothalamic-gonadal axis. These medications increase endogenous testosterone levels and offer a different therapeutic approach. This review will focus on these alternative (off-label) therapies for androgen replacement in men.
An active re-configuration strategy for distribution network according to in-sufficient power supply capability of transmission network

To solve the problem of insufficient power supply capability of transmission network, a strategy for distribution network reconfiguration is proposed in this paper. This proposal is done through both distribution network reconfiguration and the feasibility analysis to achieve the minimum loss of load. Firstly, the sensitivity analysis of load distribution and power distribution is proposed in order to construct the evaluation index of the minimum loss of load, based on insufficient power supply capability of transmission network. Secondly, the network is re-configured for distribution network, followed by evaluation of minimum load loss. Because of the distribution network re-configuration and the evaluation of minimum load loss above mentioned, a reconfiguration optimization scheme for distribution network is established. To satisfy the multiple needs of minimum loss of load, minimum numbers of breaker operation, security and reliability operation of power system transmission and distribution, a practical and optimized re-configuration strategy for distribution network is achieved. Finally, a real case based on a regional Liaoning electric power system network is simulated and calculated to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this strategy.
Strategies for Hydrogen Storage in Porous Organic Polymers

Gas storage by using porous materials has been a hot research topic in recent years. In this review, we highlight advances in porous organic polymers for their hydrogen storage applications.
Late systemic symptom (SS) frequency in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors as measured by the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey – General Symptoms Subscale (GSS).

6094Background: Neuroinflammation and central sensitization from cancer and its therapy may result in late SS. Studies of SS in HNC survivors are lacking, due in part to the absence of comprehensiv...
Rumors, Hatred, and the Politics of Multiculturalism: Unpacking Rumors About Jasmine Lee

This study critically unpacks rumors about Jasmine Lee, the first naturalized Korean lawmaker. Since she is a symbolic figure of Korean multiculturalism, I argue that the consistent production and circulation of rumors about Jasmine Lee have crystallized from the tension between state-led multiculturalism and nativist anxieties about changing nationhood. An examination of the ways in which these rumors are discussed in a popular women's online community serves to explore how they articulate nativist anxieties and hateful affect in relation to gendered and ethnic purity in the context of Korea's multiculturalist transition.
The Association of Facial Palsy and/or Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients with Hemifacial Microsomia

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a common craniofacial disorder that is known to be etiologically heterogenous. Phenotypic differentiation of the various subgroups remains unresolved. A review of 50 patients with HFM has yielded data that may help explain different pathogenetic processes. Of particular interest is the association of facial nerve palsy, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), or both in a higher percentage of patients than expected. Twenty-two percent had evidence of facial palsy of varying degree. Thirty-three cases had microtia or anotia, and all instances of facial palsy were associated with auricular malformation. Sensorineural hearing loss was found in 16 percent. All patients with microtia and sensorineural hearing loss had facial palsy. Ear tags or pits were found in 21 patients, only two of whom had facial palsy. In all but one case the palsy was found on the more hypoplastic side of the face. In the single exception, both sides of the face were hypoplastic.
THE STORIED ANALYST: DESIRE AND PERSUASION IN THE CLINICAL VIGNETTE.

Beginning with the quintessentially psychoanalytic tales of Freud, the case history has held a privileged position in the history and practice of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysts grow up with, grow i...
Tracing the Roots of Defeasible Reasoning Through Argumentative Indicators: A Study of the Italian Verb Sembra in Opinion Articles

This study addresses appearance verbs as argumentative indicators of defeasible reasoning in opinion articles, taking as a case study the Italian verb sembrare (‘seem’). Appearance verbs, due to their epistemic-modal and evidential-inferential features point to the presence of premises-conclusion relations. Moreover, their lexical semantics further constrain the types of inferences (argument schemes) which link premises to claims and can be more or less defeasible. The linguistic literature has investigated the relation between inferential evidentiality and epistemic modality, but it has devoted little attention to the links between the structure of the underlying inferences and degrees of defeasibility. Argumentation Theory has widely explored defeasible reasoning without making reference to the linguistic cues expressing the presence and the type of defeasibility at issue. Based on a multilevel analysis of sembrare’s occurrences in a corpus of opinion articles, this study (i) shows that appearance verbs work as indicators of defeasible reasoning, and (ii) provides a systematic methodology to trace back the roots of defeasibility in the inferential configuration of arguments. As a theoretical outcome, the analysis reveals that there are no argument schemes logically more defeasible than others. The roots of defeasibility can be traced back only if the whole inferential configuration, strictly tied to the context, is reconstructed.
From the battlefield to the bedroom: A multilevel analysis of the links between political conflict and intimate partner violence in Liberia

Objectives Assess the link between levels of armed conflict and postconflict intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by women in Liberia. Methods Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project data were used to measure conflict-related fatalities in districts in Liberia during the country’s civil war from 1999 to 2003. These data were linked to individual-level data from the 2007 Demographic and Health Survey, including past-year IPV. Multilevel logistic models accounting for the clustering of women within districts evaluated the relationship of conflict fatalities with postconflict past-year IPV. Additional conflict measures, including conflict events and cumulative years of conflict, were assessed. Results After adjusting for individual-level characteristics correlated with IPV, residence in a conflict fatality-affected district was associated with a 50% increase in risk of IPV (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.55, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.92). Women living in a district that experienced 4–5 cumulative years of conflict were also more likely to experience IPV (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.75). Conclusion Residing in a conflict-affected district even 5 years after conflict was associated with postconflict IPV. Policy implications Recognising and preventing postconflict IPV violence is important to support long-term recovery in postconflict settings.
Observation of backward high-harmonic emission from solids

We experimentally demonstrate backward emission of high-harmonics of a near-infrared laser from MgO and Si crystals in the direction of specular reflection. We show that the variation of the high-harmonic power with the angle of incidence can be predicted with nonlinear reflection coefficients derived originally for perturbative nonlinearities. A comparison of transmission and reflection geometries suggests that backward-propagating high-harmonics are an excellent reference to study nonlinear propagation of intense light in solids. Backward emission will enable phase matching of the high-harmonic beam and the integration of the functionalities of extended gas-phase high-harmonic beamlines into a single optical element. The potential to achieve phase matching paves the way to solid-state based high-harmonic sources with higher flux than the best transmission-based sources, where high-harmonics are strongly absorbed by the crystal itself.
Quantum Thermodynamics of A Single-Mode Field and of the Quantum Afterburner

The laws of thermodynamics were formulated in the nineteenth century through the epoch making work of Carnot, Classius, Joule and others. The theoretical predictions concerning the behavior of the physical systems based on these laws were found to be in complete agreement with the experimental observations. An important step in the development of thermodynamics was the formulation of the kinetic theory of gases (1) that describes the macroscopic behavior of the gases. For example, it was shown that the pressure of a gas arises due to the molecular motion and the collision of these molecules with the walls of the container. The relationship between the temperature, pressure, volume and the number of particles were formulated. These earlier studies treated atom and molecules to be classical particles.
Detection and Quantification of Alternative Splicing Variants Using RNA-seq

Next-generation sequencing has enabled genome-wide studies of alternative pre-mRNA splicing, allowing for empirical determination, characterization, and quantification of the expressed RNAs in a sample in toto. As a result, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has shown tremendous power to drive biological discoveries. At the same time, RNA-seq has created novel challenges that necessitate the development of increasingly sophisticated computational approaches and bioinformatic tools. In addition to the analysis of massive datasets, these tools also need to facilitate questions and analytical approaches driven by such rich data. HTS and RNA-seq are still in a stage of very rapid evolution and are, therefore, only introduced in general terms. This chapter mainly focuses on the methods for discovery, detection, and quantification of alternatively spliced transcript variants.
High exposure mining occupations are associated with obstructive lung disease, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2006‐2015

Background The association between mining occupation categories and obstructive lung disease (OLD) has not been well explored in the United States. Methods National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2006 to 2015 was used to determine the relationship between mining occupations and diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. We classified occupations into low, moderate, high, and very high dust exposure groups. Extraction workers were categorized as very high dust exposure. Results We found 4.5% of miners had chronic bronchitis, 3.3% had emphysema, 6.2% had COPD, and 9.9% had asthma. In fully adjusted models, extraction workers had significantly increased odds of having chronic bronchitis (OR = 2.18 [95%CI: 1.02, 4.64]), emphysema (OR = 7.85 [95%CI: 1.70, 36.27]), and COPD (OR = 2.56 [95%CI: 1.29, 5.12]) compared to lower exposure occupations. Conclusions Occupation is an important predictor of OLD in the mining industry.
An Online Scheduling Algorithm with Advance Reservation for Large-Scale Data Transfers

Author(s): Balman, Mehmet | Abstract: Scientific applications and experimental facilities generate massive data sets that need to be transferred to remote collaborating sites for sharing, processing, and long term storage. In order to support increasingly data-intensive science, next generation research networks have been deployed to provide high-speed on-demand data access between collaborating institutions. In this paper, we present a practical model for online data scheduling in which data movement operations are scheduled in advance for end-to-end high performance transfers. In our model, data scheduler interacts with reservation managers and data transfer nodes in order to reserve available bandwidth to guarantee completion of jobs that are accepted and confirmed to satisfy preferred time constraint given by the user. Our methodology improves current systems by allowing researchers and higher level meta-schedulers to use data placement as a service where they can plan ahead and reserve the scheduler time in advance for their data movement operations. We have implemented our algorithm and examined possible techniques for incorporation into current reservation frameworks. Performance measurements confirm that the proposed algorithm is efficient and scalable.
Introductory Lecture on Finite Element Analysis for Jointed Rocks

Finite element analysis is an application of the direct stiffness method of structural analysis; the steps of the method are as follows: 1. Conceive of a prototype embracing the important feature of actual structure. Subdivide it into nodal points and elements. 2. Form the matrix connecting displacements and forces at each nodal point of element (element stiffness matrices). 3. Assemble the structural stiffness matrix from each element stiffness matrix. 4. Introduce applied forces and write the equations of equilibrium. 5. Introduce displacement boundary conditions. 6. Solve for displacements at nodal points. 7. From known displacement in each nodal point of an element, find element stresses. 8. Recycle for non-linear properties
Paternal Exposures and Embryonic or Fetal Loss: The Toxicologic and Epidemiologic Evidence

The purpose of this review is to critically examine the toxicologic and epidemiologic evidence for a paternal contribution to embryonic and fetal loss (hereafter mainly referred to simply as “fetal loss”) due to preconceptual exposure of the male to chemical and physical agents. The starting point for this review is the fertilized ovum; effects of agents on semen quality or the capacity for fertilization will not be reviewed. The putative contribution of paternal factors to adverse reproductive outcomes such as fetal loss in humans has, until recently, received little attention, and few attempts have been made to correlate toxicologic data from experimental animals with epidemiologic data. Further, the mechanisms by which preconceptual paternal exposures may affect development of the embryo have not been clearly elucidated to date, in part because, although techniques for characterizing damage to paternal chromosomes, genes and DNA are at a relatively advanced stage of development (National Research Council 1989), other e.g. epigenetic or non-genetic mechanisms have yet to be established.
Hyperbolic phase field modeling of brittle fracture: Part II—immersed IGA–RKPM coupling for air-blast–structure interaction

Abstract Part I of this series introduced a formulation of phase field fracture in which the inclusion of micro-scale inertia leads to a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations governing the coupled problems of nonlinear elasticity and material damage. This paper applies that formulation to a coupled isogeometric–meshfree discretization of compressible fluid–structure interaction that discretizes the damage field’s governing equation using the reproducing-kernel particle method and the fluid–structure momentum balance equation using isogeometric analysis. The hyperbolic character of the coupled system permits efficient fully-explicit time integration of the entire system (not just the momentum equation, as in previous semi-implicit procedures for phase field analysis of dynamic fracture). Results for dynamic fracture problems match those computed in Part I using implicit time integration and standard finite elements. However, the isogeometric–meshfree discretization of this paper provides greater flexibility in representing structural fragmentation from blast loading. The blast loading computations at the end of this paper demonstrate the model’s ability to represent extreme events involving air-blast–structure interaction.
SM 01-2314 Catalyzing practice and research in the field of injury prevention: the division of analysis, research, and practice integration from 2013–2018 and the roadmap to 2023

The Division of Analysis, Research, and Practice Integration (DARPI) at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Injury Center is taking stock of five years of research and practice. This session will start with a brief, high-level overview of accomplishments to date, but then turn more directly to new initiatives that will advance the field of injury prevention. DARPI seeks to actively catalyze systems change, as well as the translation and implementation of effective prevention strategies, to produce rapid, equitable, and sustainable reductions in injury and violence across communities. Presenters will explore DARPI’s new initiatives in systems science, population level change, research-2-practice-2-reseach, data visualization, and statistical methods. For example, new projects are pushing forward the understanding of shared risk and protective factors that are associated with multiple injury and violence outcomes, the systems within they operate and other contextual factors that impact the adoption, implementation, and effectiveness of interventions in ‘real-world settings’. Advances in data visualization of U.S. mortality data will be demonstrated, and the potential for new methodologies to better assess geospatial trends, identify aberrations that may signal an emerging problem, and forecast the impact of demographic, economic, and environmental changes on injury rates and outcomes will be discussed. DARPI’s portfolio of activities is vast, yet targeted for maximum impact. Short and long-term objectives will be presented with the expectation for active dialogue to inform next steps. Our new initiatives embrace a partnership ecosystem to improve knowledge generation, incorporate expertise, and inspire collaborative innovation that tackles the most wicked injury and violence prevention problems.
Enhanced microbubble contrast agent oscillation following 250 kHz insonation

Microbubble contrast agents are widely used in ultrasound imaging and therapy, typically with transmission center frequencies in the MHz range. Currently, an ultrasound center frequency near 250 kHz is proposed for clinical trials in which ultrasound combined with microbubble contrast agents is applied to open the blood brain barrier, since at this low frequency focusing through the human skull to a predetermined location can be performed with reduced distortion and attenuation compared to higher frequencies. However, the microbubble vibrational response has not yet been carefully evaluated at this low frequency (an order of magnitude below the resonance frequency of these contrast agents). In the past, it was assumed that encapsulated microbubble expansion is maximized near the resonance frequency and monotonically decreases with decreasing frequency. Our results indicated that microbubble expansion was enhanced for 250 kHz transmission as compared with the 1 MHz center frequency. Following 250 kHz insonation, microbubble expansion increased nonlinearly with increasing ultrasonic pressure, and was accurately predicted by either the modified Rayleigh–Plesset equation for a clean bubble or the Marmottant model of a lipid-shelled microbubble. The expansion ratio reached 30-fold with 250 kHz at a peak negative pressure of 400 kPa, as compared to a measured expansion ratio of 1.6 fold for 1 MHz transmission at a similar peak negative pressure. Further, the range of peak negative pressure yielding stable cavitation in vitro was narrow (~100 kPa) for the 250 kHz transmission frequency. Blood brain barrier opening using in vivo transcranial ultrasound in mice followed the same trend as the in vitro experiments, and the pressure range for safe and effective treatment was 75–150 kPa. For pressures above 150 kPa, inertial cavitation and hemorrhage occurred. Therefore, we conclude that (1) at this low frequency, and for the large oscillations, lipid-shelled microbubbles can be approximately modeled as clean gas microbubbles and (2) the development of safe and successful protocols for therapeutic delivery to the brain utilizing 250 kHz or a similar center frequency requires consideration of the narrow pressure window between stable and inertial cavitation.
Religiosity predicts negative attitudes towards science and lower levels of science literacy.

Past research suggests that religion and science may conflict on which is a better tool for explaining the world. This conflict implies that religiosity might negatively impact both attitudes toward science and science knowledge. However, past research has focused mostly on religious affiliation and has not consistently identified such a relation using a general religiosity measure that assesses religious beliefs and religious practice. Using two large, nationally representative datasets as well as two original datasets, and controlling for relevant demographic variables, four studies (N = 9,205) showed that general measures of religiosity are negatively associated with science knowledge, a relation that was partially mediated by an association between religiosity and negative attitudes toward science. Study 2 also showed that parents’ reports about their religiosity and its role in their children’s upbringing predicted, some 20 years later, their children’s attitudes toward science. The studies are correlational but the longitudinal relations in Study 2 suggests that religiosity might undermine science literacy.
Orally Bioavailable Imidazoazepanes as Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antagonists: Discovery of MK-2918.

Fused heterocyclic derivatives of telcagepant are explored with the aim to achieve a lower projected clinical dose.
Trans Young Adults' Reflections on Adolescent Sources of Extra-Familial Support.

Research on transgender and gender diverse individuals has often focused on hardships and experiences of distress or discrimination. While these studies advance the literature, much less research h...
Bioengineered in Vitro Tissue Model of Fibroblast Activation for Modeling Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex disease of unknown etiology with no current curative treatment. Modeling pulmonary fibrotic (PF) tissue has the potential to improve our understanding of IPF disease progression and treatment. Rodent animal models do not replicate human fibroblastic foci (Hum-FF) pathology, and current iterations of in vitro model systems (e.g., collagen hydrogels, polyacrylamide hydrogels, and fibrosis-on-chip systems) are unable to replicate the three-dimensional (3D) complexity and biochemical composition of human PF tissue. Herein, we fabricated a 3D bioengineered pulmonary fibrotic (Eng-PF) tissue utilizing cell laden silk collagen type I dityrosine cross-linked hydrogels and Flexcell bioreactors. We show that silk collagen type I hydrogels have superior stability and mechanical tunability compared to other hydrogel systems. Using customized Flexcell bioreactors, we reproduced Hum-FF-like pathology with airway epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells. Eng-PF tiss...
Conforming the government R&D function with the requirements of the government performance and results Act : Planning the unplannable ? Measuring the unmeasurable ?

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) was designated a Pilot Project for Performance Planning under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. Of the more than 80 such pilot projects government-wide. ARL was the only organization to represent the R&D community. As such, it was required to break new ground in both the planning and the evaluation of basic and applied research. This paper discusses the efforts made by ARL in both these areas, the insights drawn from these efforts, and the lessons learned.
Customary Marine Tenure in Palau: Social Function and Implications for Fishery Policy

This research examines the form, social function, and policy implications of customary marine tenure (CMT) in Ngarchelong, a rural and fishery-dependent state in the Republic of Palau. Using ethnography, we find that CMT in Ngarchelong persists in a state of legal pluralism, expanding the normative space for asserting and contesting fishing privileges. Flexible administration of CMT provides benefits to the resident community, including material support from nonresidents and the strengthening of social bonds and networks. A fishery permit system under consideration would redefine fishery access as a privilege granted by government, thereby potentially impacting the social benefits supported by the community’s administration of CMT. With applications beyond Palau, we discuss an alternative management approach that could better harmonize fishery policy with local social context, thereby preserving the social functions of contemporary CMT.
Penile Disassembly in Complete Primary Repair of Bladder Exstrophy: Time for Re-evaluation?

ABSTRACT Objective To explore a series of classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) cases referred to the authors’ institution where primary closure with penile disassembly epispadias repair was complicated by penile injury. The penile disassembly technique is frequently combined with bladder closure in patients with CBE undergoing the complete primary repair of exstrophy (CPRE). Penile disassembly has been posited as a risk for penile injury by ischemic mechanisms. Methods A prospectively-maintained institutional database of 1337 exstrophy-epispadias complex patients was reviewed for CPRE cases referred to the authors’ institution, and those with injury to the penis were identified. The location, extent of injury, and subsequent management is reported. Triplanar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis with volumetric analysis was used for penile compartment quantification. Results 131 male CBE patients were referred after prior CPRE. 26 (20%) were identified with penile loss and reviewed. 81% were closed in the neonatal period, and 54% had a pelvic osteotomy. Median follow-up time was 9.9 years (range 0.6-21.3). Of 26 patients with penile loss, 77% had unilateral loss and in 23% had bilateral loss involving the glans and/or one or both corpora cavernosa. MRI of the pelvis confirmed anterior corporal deficiency that resulted from primary closure. Three patients were successfully managed with myocutaneous neophalloplasty. Conclusions Complete penile disassembly during bladder exstrophy closure may lead to penile ischemia. MRI may be used in the assessment of the extent of injury and planning surgical correction. This major complication questions the continued application of complete penile disassembly in the reconstruction of bladder exstrophy.
Capsids and Portals Influence Each Other's Conformation During Assembly and Maturation.

Abstract The portal proteins of tailed bacteriophage and Herpesvirus capsids form dodecameric rings that occupy one capsid vertex and are incorporated during the assembly of capsid precursors called procapsids or proheads. Portals are essential and serve as the pore for DNA transit and the site of tail attachment; however, bacteriophage HK97 capsid proteins assemble efficiently without a portal when expressed from plasmids. Following portal co-expression, portals were incorporated into about half of the proheads that were made. In the absence of active capsid maturation protease, uncleaved proheads formed dimers, trimers, and tetramers of proheads during purification, but only if they had portals. These appeared bound to membrane-like fragments by their portals and could be disaggregated by detergents, supporting a role for membranes in their formation and in capsid assembly. The precursors to prohead oligomers were detected in cell extracts. These were able to bind to Octyl-Sepharose and could be released by detergent, while uncleaved proheads without portal or cleaved proheads with portal did not bind. Our results document a discrete change in the HK97 portal’s hydrophobicity induced by cleavage of the procapsid shell in which it is embedded. Additionally, we detected an increase in the rate of expansion induced by the presence of a portal complex in cleaved HK97 proheads. These results suggest that portals and capsids influence each other’s conformation during assembly. The formation of prohead oligomers also provides a rapid and sensitive assay for identification and analysis of portal incorporation mutants.
Transferability of a diabetes escape room into an accelerated pharmacy program.

Abstract Background and purpose Educational games can be used to increase students' knowledge of diabetes management. Students perceive educational games to be valuable learning tools. This study evaluated the transferability of a serious game, the diabetes escape room, between skills laboratories in a traditional program and an accelerated program. The authors believe that this is a valuable addition to educational methods for students in any pharmacy program. Educational activity and setting Faculty at an accelerated, three-year pharmacy program replicated a diabetes escape room previously used by a traditional, four-year pharmacy program. The diabetes escape room required students to compete in a team-based educational game in which they solved diabetes-themed puzzles. Students completed pre- and post-game knowledge assessments and a perception survey linked to activity participation. The accelerated program students completed an additional delayed post-game knowledge assessment. Findings Students showed a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-game knowledge assessment scores at both institutions as well as in the delayed post-game knowledge assessment implemented at the accelerated program. Perception survey results were statistically significantly higher for the accelerated program, however both cohorts suggested positive perceived engagement with and usefulness of the escape room. Summary The use of a diabetes escape room resulted in statistically significant gains in knowledge and positive student perceptions. The diabetes escape room is a transferrable activity that can be used by other colleges or schools of pharmacy.
Causes and consequences of individual variation in animal movement

Animal movement comes in a variety of ‘types’ including small foraging movements, larger one-way dispersive movements, seasonally-predictable round-trip migratory movements, and erratic nomadic movements. Although most individuals move at some point throughout their lives, movement patterns can vary widely across individuals within the same species: differing within an individual over time (intra-individual), among individuals in the same population (inter-individual), or among populations (inter-population). Yet, studies of movement (theoretical and empirical alike) more often focus on understanding ‘typical’ movement patterns than understanding variation in movement. Here, I synthesize current knowledge of movement variation (drawing parallels across species and movement types), describing the causes (what factors contribute to individual variation), patterns (what movement variation looks like), consequences (why variation matters), maintenance (why variation persists), implications (for management and conservation), and finally gaps (what pieces we are currently missing). By synthesizing across scales of variation, I span across work on plasticity, personality, and geographic variation. Individual movement can be driven by factors that act at the individual, population, community and ecosystem level and have ramifications at each of these levels. Generally the consequences of movement are less well understood than the causes, in part because the effects of movement variation are often nested, with variation manifesting at the population level, which in turn affects communities and ecosystems. Understanding both cause and consequence is particularly important for predicting when variation begets variation in a positive feedback loop, versus when a negative feedback causes variation to be dampened successively. Finally, maintaining standing variation in movement may be important for facilitating species’ ability to respond to future environmental change.
Software Tools and Hardware Options

With the advent of recording and playback, the role of tools in the process of composing continues to grow its importance. Modern composing tools are not limited to the instant feedback of sound, but also have a great boost in visual aid. As for whether the future hardware and software can go beyond the physical level, for example, providing composers with psychological analysis etc., it is still a remaining question. But today’s tools have been able to provide strong support in composition, analysis, (improvisation) performance, notation, and education. We discuss some of these tools together with their impact on musical creativity. Hardware for music is increasingly powerful for storage and processing purposes. We discuss this vector for its role in musical productivity.