cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Industrial storage technology applied to library requirements

Automated material‐handling techniques have been successfully applied in industry for over a decade. The techniques and systems developed to automate warehouse operations directly apply to libraries. The problem of storing a growing mass of little used but “valuable” materials can be resolved by new material handling strategies, which will also generate improved library services. The characteristics of a miniload automated storage and retrieval system are described, and formulas are presented for calculating the size of system needed by a library. Also included are “rule‐of‐thumb” prices for calculating the approximate costs of a system of a specific size.
Development of a sensitive and specific qPCR assay in conjunction with propidium monoazide for enhanced detection of live Salmonella spp. in food

Background Although a variety of methodologies are available for detection of Salmonella, sensitive, specific, and efficient methods are urgently needed for differentiation of live Salmonella cells from dead cells in food and environmental samples. Propidium monoazide (PMA) can preferentially penetrate the compromised membranes of dead cells and inhibit their DNA amplification, however, such inhibition has been reported to be incomplete by some studies. In the present study, we report an efficient qPCR assay targeting a conserved region of the invA gene of Salmonella in conjunction with PMA treatment for detection of DNA from live Salmonella cells in food samples.
Protection against the neural organizing effect of exogenous androgen in the neonatal female rat.

The injection of 30 Mg testosterone propionate to the 5-day-old female induces a high incidence of sterility (IS) which is evident at puberty. Simultaneous injection of 10 μg reserpine, 500 μg chlorpromazine, 2500 μg progesterone, 1000 μg desoxycorticosterone acetate, or 1500 μg pregnanedione markedly reduces the IS during the immediate postpubertal period. This protection is not complete, however, as the IS approaches control levels by 90 days of age. In contrast, pentobarbital or phenobarbital affords the 5-day-old female marked protection against the effect of androgen and only ¼ of the androgenbarbiturate injected females are anovulatory at 90 days of age. The protective effect of pentobarbital is eliminated by simultaneous injection of Metrazol. Depression of neural activity is a common feature following injection of these effective agents, and it may be that this capacity underlies their protective action. (Endocrinology 82: 1005, 1968)
Body Surveillance and Body Shame in College Men: Are Men Who Self-Objectify Less Hopeful?

The current study examined self-objectification and hope in a sample of undergraduate men from a Midwestern university in the United States (N = 227). Specifically, an online survey utilizing self-report measures examined the associations between body surveillance, body shame, trait hope, social relationship hope, and romantic relationship hope were considered through the lenses of Objectification Theory and the Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions. Consistent with Hypothesis 1, bivariate correlations showed that more body surveillance was associated with less trait agency, less trait pathways, less social relationship pathways, and less romantic relationship pathways. As well, more body shame was associated with less trait agency, less trait pathways, less social relationship pathways, less romantic relationship agency, and less romantic relationship pathways. Additionally, consistent with Hypothesis 2 and the model proposed by Objectification Theory, body shame explained relations between body surveillance and hope, specifically, trait agency, social relationship pathways, romantic relationship agency, and romantic relationship pathways in a path analysis. This work fills an important gap in the current literature, as it is the only study to date that examines relations between self-objectification and hope, and furthers objectification research among men. Results are discussed within the context of Objectification Theory and the Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Effects of protein concentration on IgE receptor mobility in rat basophilic leukemia cell plasma membranes.

The ability of variations of membrane protein concentrations to modulate the lateral diffusion rate of an exemplary membrane protein has been studied in healthy and osmotically shocked cultured cells of the rat basophilic leukemia cell line, 2H3 subclone. Cell surface protein was redistributed by the method of in situ electrophoresis; exposure to electric fields of 1.25–5 V/cm results in cathodal migration of the majority of the surface proteins on this cell type (Ryan, T. A., J. Myers, D. Holowka, B. Baird, and W. W. Webb. Science [Wash. DC]. 239:61–64). Even in these small fields, the steady-state distribution becomes "crowded" with more than an 80% protein occupancy of accessible membrane area at the cathodal end of these spheroidal cells, and the anodal end becomes significantly depleted. We have employed fringe pattern fluorescence photobleaching with CCD imaging detection to measure lateral diffusion coefficients of the liganded IgE receptor on both crowded and uncrowded regions of individual rat basophilic leukemia cells. We find no significant difference in lateral diffusion rates in these regions. Cells swollen by hypoosmotic stress exhibit faster diffusion overall, with the uncrowded regions having a significantly greater increase in diffusion coefficient than the crowded regions. These results are consistent with the partial or total release of cytoskeletal constraints to membrane protein diffusion induced by osmotic stress.
Structural phase transitions in EuFe2As2 superconductor at low temperatures and high pressures

The crystal structure of EuFe(2)As(2) has been studied up to a pressure of 35 GPa and down to a temperature of 8 K using temperature dependent x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at a synchrotron source. At 4.3 GPa, we have detected a structural phase transition from a high temperature tetragonal phase with I4/mmm space group to a low temperature orthorhombic phase with Fmmm space group around 120 K. With the application of pressure at a low temperature of 10 K, the orthorhombic phase is suppressed and a phase change to a collapsed tetragonal phase with I4/mmm space group is observed at 11 GPa. This collapsed tetragonal phase is similar to the one observed at ambient temperature and pressure above 8.5 GPa. We have shown that the collapsed tetragonal phase of EuFe(2)As(2) has the same pressure-volume (P-V) equation of state at ambient temperature and at 10 K, implying that the high pressure phase of EuFe(2)As(2) has a negligible thermal expansion coefficient.
Efficient preparation of homochiral bicyclo-annulated cyclopentadienes via the skattebøl rearrangement. Avoidance of limitations due to angle strain

Abstract (1 R )-(−)-Nopol and (1 R )-(+)-camphor have both been efficiently transformed in four steps into optically pure annulated cyclopentadienes.
Generation of Functional Broadside Tests for Logic Blocks With Constrained Primary Input Sequences

This paper describes a test generation procedure that produces functional broadside tests for logic blocks whose primary input sequences are constrained. The constraints are created during functional operation by logic blocks that drive the logic block under consideration. Functional broadside tests avoid overtesting of delay faults by creating functional operation conditions during the clock cycles where delay faults are detected. Test generation procedures for functional broadside tests typically assume that the primary input sequences are unconstrained during functional operation. This paper shows that the constraints, which are imposed by a logic block driving the primary inputs of another block, can be time dependent and difficult to represent compactly. The test generation procedure described in this paper addresses this issue by separating the problem of test generation into the generation of constrained primary input sequences for the block under consideration, and the extraction of functional broadside tests from these sequences.
Creep crack growth simulation of ni-base superalloy

The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical approach to simulate the creep cracking of a Ni-base superalloy. The approach is based in continuum damage mechanics (CDM) and uses the classic Kachanov-Rabotnov constitutive equations for creep deformation and damage evolution. Creep damage takes the form of defects such as microcracks, cavities, voids, etc. A numerical crack growth algorithm is developed to predict the onset of crack initiation and the successive growth of cracks via element death in the general purpose finite element software ANSYS. In this paper, the Kachanov-Rabotnov constitutive model is implemented as a user material model in ANSYS and the numerical crack growth algorithm is developed and written in ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) command code. A study of mesh size in relation to initial flaw size and initiation time is performed. A demonstration of the proposed numerical crack growth algorithm is performed and a qualitative analysis conducted. A series of improvements and parametric studies are suggested for future work.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Explaining Low Turnout in European Elections: The Role of Issue Salience and Institutional Perceptions in Elections to the European Parliament

Elections to the European Parliament have been unable to capture the public’s interest— turnout remains far lower than most national elections and many who do vote appear more concerned with sending messages of approval to national political parties than electing representatives at the EU level. This paper seeks to explain why the public does not take these elections seriously. A common explanation is that the public simply does not care about EU politics. In addition to this ‘issue-based’ argument, this article considers where a lack of trust in the European Parliament itself may lead many individuals to abstain from EP elections. Using pre and post-election survey data, results suggest that perceptions of the EP indeed have a significant effect on the decision to vote in EP elections.
Level densities in F-20: Experimental, shell model, and weak coupling results

Shell-model calculations for $^{20}\mathrm{F}$ in an ${(\mathrm{sd})}^{4}$-closed $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ core basis predict significantly fewer than the observed number of levels below any given excitation energy. Calculations in a ${({p}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{d}_{\frac{5}{2}})}^{8}$-closed $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ core basis predict more levels than the observed numbers. A simple weak-coupling extrapolation gives quite good agreement up to at least 7 MeV (75 levels).
Life history of Gonatus onyx (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea): deep-sea spawning and post-spawning egg care

A reproductive strategy consisting of deep- water spawning and egg-care was inferred for the midwater squid Gonatus onyx Young, 1972. Brooding females and associated eggs and hatchlings, captured between 1250 and 1750 m depth off southern California, are described. Brooding females appear to be senescent and lack tentacles. Large eggs of this species (3 mm) at cold temperatures (3 °C at capture depth) may require as long as 9 mo to develop. The high lipid content of the digestive gland in adult females of this species may provide fuel to support such an extended “brooding” period.
Homocysteate-Evoked Release of Acetylcholine from the Rabbit Retina

The cholinergic amacrine cells of the rabbit retina can be labeled with [3H]choline and the activity of the cholinergic population monitored by following the release of [3H]acetylcholine. It has been proposed that L-homocysteate may be the main endogenous transmitter released onto cholinergic amacrine cells by bipolar cells. Therefore, we have examined the effects of the isomers of homocysteate on the release of [3H]acetylcholine. In magnesium-free medium, D-homocysteate was slightly more potent than the L-isomer. The addition of magnesium, which blocks responses mediated by NMDA receptors, preferentially reduced but did not eliminate, the response to L-homocysteate. 2-Amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate, a potent NMDA antagonist, preferentially blocked L-homocysteate evoked responses. 6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, a potent kainate antagonist, preferentially blocked D-homocysteate-evoked responses. Therefore, in the rabbit retina, L-homocysteate is an NMDA-preferring agonist, whereas D-homocysteate is a kainate-preferring agonist. In addition, we found that L-homocysteate can activate the physiologically activated kainate receptor but only when used in millimolar concentrations and under conditions that minimize NMDA-receptor activation. However, the low potency of L-homocysteate combined with low affinity for the glutamate transporter, lack of immunocytochemical localization in bipolar cells, and low retinal content place serious limitations on the role of L-homocysteate at the bipolar-to-cholinergic amacrine cell synapse.
Improved reliability of copper interconnects using alloying

As device dimensions and wire dimensions are reduced, it is desirable to increase the electromigration lifetime of Cu. A simple method to improve the electromigration lifetime is to dope the Cu with impurities, such as Al, Ag, Ti, or Mn, using an alloy seed layer. During subsequent anneals, the impurities segregate at grain boundaries and interfaces, including the critical interface between the Cu and the capping layer. The presence of the impurities at the interfaces reduces Cu diffusion, resulting in an enhancement of electromigration lifetimes of up to 10x. The main challenge with the use of alloy seed layers is the increase in resistivity caused by doping. With alloy seed layers, there is always a trade-off between increased reliability and increased resistivity.
Using stem cells and iPS cells to discover new treatments for Parkinson's disease.

summary Fetal cell transplantation can improve the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients for more than a decade. In some patients, alpha-synuclein aggregates and Lewy bodies have been observed in the transplanted neurons without functional significance. Recently stem cells have emerged as an ethically acceptable source of cells for transplantation but, importantly, the type of stem cell matters. While the lineage restriction of adult neural stem cells limits their clinical applicability for patients with PD, human pluripotent stem cells provide an opportunity to replace specific types of degenerating neurons. Now, cellular reprogramming technology can provide patientspecific neurons for neural transplantation and problems with cell fate specification and safety are resolving. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived neurons are also a unique tool for interpreting the genetic basis for an individual’s risk of developing PD into clinically meaningful information. For example, clinical trials for neuroprotective molecules need to be tested in presymptomatic individuals when the neurons can still be protected. Patient-specific neural cells can also be used to identify an individual’s responsiveness to drugs and to understand the mechanisms of the disease. Along these avenues of investigation, stem cells are enabling research for new treatments in PD. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
High-order harmonic generation as a probe of rotational dynamics

High-order harmonic signals from aligned molecules subject to a dissipative medium is studied theoretically using a density matrix formalism. Rotations are taken into account exactly, through an extension of a recently developed theory [S. Ramakrishna and T. Seideman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 113901 (2007)], leading to an expression for the harmonic signal in terms of a series of rotational expectation values that are determined by the geometry of the experiment and the symmetry of the molecular ground electronic state. A multilevel Bloch model is used to illustrate the imprint of rotational decoherence and relaxation in the harmonic emission. It is shown that the harmonic intensities can be decomposed into two components, each of which carries a different physical interpretation and information content. The usefulness of the decomposition scheme in unraveling the interplay between the different dipole moment components that make the signal, and in relating the observable time dependence of the signal to the underlying electronic-rotational dynamics, is delineated. Finally, we show that the phase of the harmonic signal contains unique information regarding the phases of the electronic dipole matrix elements and hence the underlying electronic continuum.
Grain boundary chemistry of alumina by high-resolution imaging SIMS

Abstract The unique capabilities of the high-resolution scanning ion microprobe developed at the University of Chicago (UC-SIM) are described and its utility is demonstrated in a study of grain boundary chemistry of alumina ceramics. When polycrystalline alumina is doped singly with either MgO or SiO 2 , strong segregation of the individual ions to grain boundaries is observed: (1) for Mg segregation C gb / C grain ∼400; (2) for Si segregation C gb / C grain ∼300. However, on codoping with both MgO and SiO 2 , grain boundary segregation is significantly diminished by a factor of five or more over single doping as both cations are redistributed into the bulk alumina lattice. A defect compensation mechanism is proposed to explain this mutual solid solubility of Mg and Si in alumina. One important consequence of this chemical redistribution is a change in abnormal grain growth morphology from facetted grains in SiO 2 singly doped alumina, to non-facetted grains with curved boundaries in MgO and SiO 2 codoped alumina. As the Mg/Si dopant ratio exceeds the equimolar concentration, abnormal grain growth development ceases. These findings provide a physical mechanism to explain the role of MgO as a sintering aid to control microstructure evolution in alumina. Another significant consequence of SiO 2 redistribution on MgO doping is an observed improvement in the corrosion resistance of alumina to aqueous HF. Siliceous grain boundary films readily corrode and compromise the intrinsically good corrosion resistance of bulk alumina. MgO doping in amounts greater than the SiO 2 concentration prevents the formation of these corrodable silica-based phases leading to the development of aluminas for use in aqueous HF-containing ambients.
INTEGRATED STRUCTURAL SIZING OPTIMIZATION

A method for structural member sizing optimization to be used for designing three dimensional structures is presented. The procedure is based on the Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier method. The algorithm includes the displacements as state variables and consequently combines the analysis and the search for the optimal section properties into a single step. This combination process avoids the usual cycling between analysis and optimization phases. The width and height of rectangular elements are chosen from a finite compact set. The static equilibrium equations are treated as equality constraints eliminating the need to solve the standard structural analysis problem. The method handles displacement and stress limits as inequality constraints.
Dynamics and structure of energetic displacement cascades

Abstract This paper summarizes recent progress in the understanding of energetic displacement cascades and the primary state of damage in metals. On the theoretical side, the availability of supercomputers has greatly enhanced our ability to simulate cascades by molecular dynamics. Recent application of this simulation technique to Cu and Ni provides new insight into the dynamics of cascade processes. On the experimental side, new data on ion beam mixing and in situ electron microscopy studies of ion damage at low temperatures reveal the role of the thermodynamic properties of the material on cascade dynamics and structure.
High-throughput genome scaffolding from in vivo DNA interaction frequency

Kaplan and Dekker use genome-wide chromatin interaction data to place 65 previously unplaced contigs onto the human reference genome.
Data Safety and Monitoring Boards (DSMBs)

Data Safety and Monitoring Boards were introduced as a mechanism for monitoring interim data in clinical trials as a way to ensure the safety of participating subjects. Procedures for and experience with DSMBs has expanded considerably over recent years and they are now required by the NIH for almost any interventional and for some observational trials. A DSMB’s primary role is to evaluate adverse events and to determine the relationship of the adverse event to the therapy (or device). Interim analyses and early termination of studies are two aspects of DSMBs that are particularly difficult challenges. This chapter will discuss the role of DSMBs and address the aforementioned issues.
A unified treatment of some iterative algorithms in signal processing and image reconstruction

Let T be a (possibly nonlinear) continuous operator on Hilbert space . If, for some starting vector x, the orbit sequence {Tkx,k = 0,1,...} converges, then the limit z is a fixed point of T; that is, Tz = z. An operator N on a Hilbert space is nonexpansive?(ne) if, for each x and y in , Even when N has fixed points the orbit sequence {Nkx} need not converge; consider the example N = ?I, where I denotes the identity operator. However, for any the iterative procedure defined by converges (weakly) to a fixed point of N whenever such points exist. This is the Krasnoselskii?Mann (KM) approach to finding fixed points of ne operators. A wide variety of iterative procedures used in signal processing and image reconstruction and elsewhere are special cases of the KM iterative procedure, for particular choices of the ne operator N. These include the Gerchberg?Papoulis method for bandlimited extrapolation, the SART algorithm of Anderson and Kak, the Landweber and projected Landweber algorithms, simultaneous and sequential methods for solving the convex feasibility problem, the ART and Cimmino methods for solving linear systems of equations, the CQ algorithm for solving the split feasibility problem and Dolidze's procedure for the variational inequality problem for monotone operators.
Study of ABCA1 Function in Transgenic Mice

The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), identified in 1999 as the gene defective in Tangier disease, promotes efflux of cellular cholesterol from macrophages and other peripheral tissues to apolipoprotein acceptors. These ABCA1-mediated processes are anticipated to have antiatherogenic properties, prompting the development of pharmacological agents that increase ABCA1 gene expression as well as the establishment of ABCA1-transgenic mouse lines. Preliminary studies of ABCA1-Tg mice seem to validate the selection of this transporter as a therapeutic target for the treatment of low HDL syndromes and cardiovascular disease but have also raised new questions regarding the function of ABCA1. In particular, the relative contribution of hepatic and peripheral ABCA1 to plasma HDL levels and to reverse cholesterol transport, as well as the potential role of ABCA1 in modulating the plasma concentrations of the apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins and protecting against atherosclerosis, seem to be promis...
Numerical Investigation on Charring Ablator Geometric Effects: Study of Stardust Sample Return Capsule Heat Shield

Sample geometry is very influential in small charring ablative articles where 1D assumption might not be accurate. In heat shield design, 1D is often assumed since the nose radius is much larger than the thickness of charring. Whether the 1D assumption is valid for the heat shield is unknown. Therefore, the geometric effects of Stardust sample return capsule heat shield are numerically studied using a material response program. The developed computer program models material charring, conductive heat transfer, surface energy balance, pyrolysis gas transport and orthotropic material properties in 3D Cartesian coordinates. Simulation results show that the centerline temperatures predicted by 3D model are quite close to 1D model at the surface, but not the case inside the material. The pyrolysis surface gas blowing behaviors are quite similar but differences are observed at later time. Orthotropic model predicted a very different heat shield response to both the isotropic model and the 1D model.
On Numerical Resolution Requirements in Combustion Modeling

We discuss one-dimensional steady laminar premixed flames in a mixture of calorically imperfect ideal gases described by detailed kinetics and multi-component transport. The required spatial discretization to capture all detailed continuum physics in the reaction zone is determined through use of a robust method developed to rigorously calculate the finest length scale a posteriori. This is accomplished by reformulating the governing equations as a nonlinear system of differential algebraic equations. Then, the solution of the steady reaction zone structure is obtained, and the generalized eigenvalues of the locally linearized system are calculated at each point in the reaction zone. Their reciprocals provide all local length scales. Application of the method to laminar flames reveals that the finest length scale is on the order of 10−4 cm. Independent estimates from grid convergence studies on the continuum equations as well as from the underlying molecular collision theory verify the result. This finest length scale is orders of magnitude smaller than common engineering geometric scales, the discretization scales employed in nearly all multi-dimensional and/or unsteady laminar premixed flame simulations in the literature, and the flame thickness.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
EMPLOY BEHAVIORAL CONTRACTING FOR “EARNED DISCHARGE” PAROLE

Roughly 600,000 people are released each year from state and federalprisons in the United States, about 1,600 a day. About 80% of all releaseswill be required to report to local parole authorities and to begin theprocess of supervised parole, which lasts an average of just over 2 years(Hughes et al., 2001; Petersilia, 2003).
Hole injection SiO/sub 2/ breakdown model for very low voltage lifetime extrapolation

In this paper, we present a model for silicon dioxide breakdown characterization, valid for a thickness range between 25 /spl Aring/ and 130 /spl Aring/, which provides a method for predicting dielectric lifetime for reduced power supply voltages and aggressively scaled oxide thicknesses. This model, based on hole injection from the anode, accurately predicts Q/sub BD/ and t/sub BD/ behavior including a fluence in excess of 10/sup 7/ C/cm/sup 2/ at an oxide voltage of 2.4 V for a 25 /spl Aring/ oxide. Moreover, this model is a refinement of and fully complementary with the well known 1/E model, while offering the ability to predict oxide reliability for low voltages. >
The Further Evolution of Cooperation

Axelrod's model of the evolution of cooperation was based on the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. Empirical work following this approach has helped establish the prevalence of cooperation based on reciprocity. Theoretical work has led to a deeper understanding of the role of other factors in the evolution of cooperation: the number of players, the range of possible choices, variation in the payoff structure, noise, the shadow of the future, population dynamics, and population structure. C OOPERATION IS A TOPIC OF CONTINUING INTEREST FOR the social and biological sciences. A theory of cooperation based upon reciprocity (1-3) has engendered a wide literature concerning the evolution of cooperation. In this article, we survey this literature in order to determine what new insights have been gained. Although we shall concentrate on theoretical work, it is important to note that scholars have been active in pursuing empirical applications of the theory. Huth (4) found that military conflict during the last century was most successfully deterred when a challenge was met with reciprocity. Cooperation based on reciprocity has been supported for vampire bats (5, 6), vervet monkeys (7), and sessile invertebrates (8). Experimental simulations of defection have been presented to stickleback fish (9) and tree swallows (10); the findings are consistent with reciprocity. On the other hand, Nol (11) rejected reciprocity as an explanation of cooperation between the sexes in chick-rearing by the American oyster catcher, arguing that data on foraging trips and energy use support a theory based on the efficient allocation of energy by the birds. Other investigators have pointed to the difficulties in determining whether observed cooperation is due to a tit-for-tat-like process (12). Despite these difficulties, cooperation based upon reciprocity has received substantial empirical support.
State-Dependent Processing of Sensory Stimuli by Thalamic Reticular Neurons

Inhibitory neurons of the thalamic reticular (RT) nucleus fire in two activity modes, burst and tonic, depending on an animal's behavioral state. In tonic mode, depolarized RT cells fire single action potentials continuously, whereas burst firing consists of grouped discharges separated by periods of quiescence. To determine how these firing modes affect sensory-evoked RT responses, single-unit responses to controlled whisker deflections were analyzed according to the burst versus tonic mode of spontaneous activity (SA) preceding the response. After burst mode activity (i.e., either quiescence or spontaneous bursts), responses exhibited a slow approximately 15 msec rise to peak firing rates followed by a approximately 35 msec decay. Interspike intervals within the response exhibited accelerando-decelerando patterns similar to those of spontaneous bursts. After tonic mode activity (i.e., single spikes), responses had a nearly instantaneous approximately 1.5 msec rise-to-peak followed by a approximately 40 msec decay, with large spike counts (5.2 spikes per stimulus) similar to those evoked in burst mode (6.2 spikes per stimulus). Interspike intervals were longer in tonic mode and exhibited a decelerando pattern. Initial evoked spikes, however, had shorter latencies and greater synchrony, contributing to the rapid onset of tonic population response. Shifts from quiescent (presumed burst mode) to tonic SA could be induced by either previous whisker deflections or iontophoretic application of NMDA; both manipulations effected appropriate shifts from burst to tonic response spike patterns. In awake animals, burst and tonic firing in RT, as in thalamocortical relay nuclei, may reflect sensory processing strategies appropriate for different behavioral and attentional states.
Anthocyanin Pigments in the Hybrid Grape Variety Rubired

SUMMARY The anthocyanins in Rubired grapes were extracted with 0.2% methanolie HCI, partially purified by adsorption on a Dowex-50 W× 4 cation-exchange column, eluted from the washed resin with acidified methanol, and the individual pigments separated by paper chromatography in two dimensions with n-butanol- acetic -acid-water (BAW 4:1:5 v/v) and acetic acid-water-cone HCl (AWH, 15:82:3) as solvents. The purified pigments were identified by their Rt values, the sugar moiety, partial acid hydrolysis, alkaline degradation products of the aglycoue, fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation, and absorption spectra. The pigments, in decreasing order of photodensitometer readings, were malvidiu 3,5-diglucoside, peonidin 3,5-diglucoside, malvidin 3-monoglucoside, peouidin 3-monoglucoside, delphinidin 3-monoglucoside, petunidin 3-monoglucoside, petunidin 3,5-diglucoside, malvidin 3,5-diglucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid, malvidin 3-monoglucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid, peonidin 3-monoglueoside acylated with p-coumaric, and delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside.
Theory of conduction through thin insulating films with ionic space charge

Abstract Conduction through thin insulating films possessing a large ionic space charge is considered. The ionic space charge results in a valley in the potential barrier which permits electrons to tunnel by a thermally assisted process between the metal electrodes and the interior of the insulating film. A general solution is derived for the steady-state current and formulated explicitly for two different barrier shapes which, in a sense, may be considered limiting cases corresponding to practical extremes in the distribution of ionic space charge. Expressions are also derived for the dependence of capacitance on d.c. voltage and temperature. The theory is expressed in terms of the barrier energies at the electrodes and a parameter related to the space-charge density.
Efficient distance computation between non-convex objects

This paper describes an efficient algorithm for computing the distance between nonconvex objects. Objects are modeled as the union of a set of convex components. From this model we construct a hierarchical bounding representation based on spheres. The distance between objects is determined by computing the distance between pairs of convex components using preexisting techniques. The key to efficiency is a simple search routine that uses the bounding representation to ignore most of the possible pairs of components. The efficiency can further be improved by accepting a relative error in the returned result. Several empirical trials are presented to examine the performance of the algorithm. >
Food allergy educational needs of pediatric dietitians: a survey by the Consortium of Food Allergy Research.

Abstract Objective To determine pediatric dietitians' self-reported proficiency, educational needs, and preferences regarding food allergy (FA) management. Design and Setting An Internet-based, anonymous survey was distributed to the Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group (PNPG) of the American Dietetic Association. Participants Respondents (n = 311) were registered dietitians and members of the PNPG. Analysis Results are presented using descriptive statistics. Chi-square tests were applied for subgroup analyses. Percentage responses were calculated per question based on the number of respondents answering the question. Results On a 4-point scale of proficiency (“high,” “moderate,” “low,” and “none”), respondents primarily rated themselves “moderate” for educating families, creating diets, and evaluating safe food items, and “low” for creating diagnostic food challenges. Education was primarily self-taught (75%). Preferences for future resources included handbooks (77%) and Web-based instructional programs (53%). On a 4-point scale (“very” to “not at all” needed) among practices that included >10% patients with FA, ratings of “very” were defined as need resources to update FA knowledge (87%) and need for a FA “tool kit” (84%). Conclusions and Implications Pediatric dietitians manage FA for a substantial patient base although their self-reported proficiency is overall only moderate. Dietitians would prefer and likely benefit from Internet-accessible management handbooks and patient handouts.
7.12. LPD 17: Adding People and Profit to IPPD

In its contract for development of a new amphibious ship, the LPD 17, the US Navy required the use of Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD). Raytheon Systems Company's Naval and Maritime Systems (NAMS) is one of the four members of the partnership which won the contract. NAMS is leading the Integrated Ship Electronics Team (ISET), the top-level LPD Integrated Product Team (IPT) responsible for integrating the ship's electronic systems. In a unique adaptation, ISET purposefully enhanced its implementation of IPPD by special emphasis on two additional “Ps” people and profit. This “IPPPPD” approach produced some significant changes in certain program practices and activities. The focus on people manifested itself in how the program chose its team leaders and team members, how it aligned the individual teams and its team structure, and how it shaped the behavior of its people to support its IPPD practices. Its emphasis on profit required its teams to take responsibility not only for their technical work, but also for the related programmatics and contract issues.
Effects of Utero-ovarian Anastomoses on Basal Follicle-stimulating Hormone Level Change after Uterine Artery Embolization with Tris-acryl Gelatin Microspheres

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of anastomoses between uterine and ovarian arteries on angiography and their impact on changes in basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level after uterine artery embolization (UAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive premenopausal women who underwent UAE for symptomatic uterine leiomyomata according to a uniform embolization technique with tris-acryl gelatin microspheres at a single institution were included in the study. Basal FSH levels before UAE and 6 months after UAE were compared for patients with and without anastomoses between uterine and ovarian arteries on angiography. RESULTS Among 124 patients included in the study (mean age, 43.1 ± 5.7 years), patent anastomoses between the uterine and ovarian arteries were detected by angiography in 55 patients (44.4%). Overall, 11.3% of 124 patients showed an increase in basal serum FSH level of greater than 20 mIU/mL after UAE. In patients with utero-ovarian anastomoses, 18.2% showed an increase of greater than 20 mIU/mL after UAE, compared with 5.8% of patients without such anastomoses ( P = .03). Mean basal FSH increase after UAE in patients with anastomoses was 8.4 ± 20.2 mIU/mL, compared with 2.7 ± 10.6 mIU/mL in patients without anastomoses ( P = .047). Among patients with anastomoses, the 50-to 54-year age group had the highest percentage of patients with an FSH increase greater than 20 mIU/mL (50.0%) after UAE, followed by patients in the 45-to 49-year age group (15.4%). CONCLUSIONS Angiographically detected anastomoses between the uterine artery and the ovarian artery are not uncommon. UAE in patients with anastomoses is associated with a greater risk of significant increase of basal FSH level than in UAE in patients without anastomoses. The pathophysiologic processes resulting in change of FSH level may be a reflection of diminished ovarian function, but further study is warranted to delineate the precise mechanism.
A Comparison of Procedures for Multiple Comparisons of Means with Unequal Variances

Abstract Nine procedures for multiple comparisons of means with unequal variances are reviewed. Modifications in some procedures are proposed either for improvement in their performance or easier implementation. A Monte Carlo sampling study is carried out for pair-wise differences as well as a few selected contrasts and the procedures are compared based on the results of this study. Recommendations for the choice of the procedures are given. Robustness of two procedures designed for homogeneous variances under violation of that assumption is also examined in the Monte Carlo study.
Linear vs. nonlinear acceleration in plasma turbulence. II. Hall–finite-Larmor-radius magnetohydrodynamics

The local k-space ratio of linear and nonlinear accelerations associated with a variety of initial conditions undergoing steady relaxation is investigated for the Hall–finite-Larmor-radius magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) system in the presence of a mean magnetic field. Building on a related study (Paper I) where it was shown that discrepancies exist between describing the global and local characterizations of the pure MHD system with mean magnetic field, we find regions of the Fourier space that are consistently dominated by linear acceleration and other regions that are consistently dominated by nonlinear acceleration, independent of the overall system's description as linear, weakly nonlinear, or turbulent. In general, dynamics within a certain angular range of the mean magnetic field direction are predominantly linear, while dynamics adjacent the Hall scales along the field-parallel direction and dynamics adjacent the finite Larmor radius scales in the field-perpendicular direction can become strongly nonlinear. The nonlinear influences are particularly significant as the plasma beta increases from unity to higher values.
Covalent Attachment of Monochlorosilanes to Mesoporous Silica Membranes using Supercritical Fluid Deposition

Abstract We have prepared and characterized organically-modified mesoporous silica membranes using supercritical CO2 fluid deposition. Supercritical CO2 fluid deposition has the potential to increase both diffusion and concentration of the reactants at the reaction site, a particular advantage when the reaction site is inside a small pore, where access can be limited. The unmodified mesoporous silica membranes were prepared by surfactant-templated synthesis on α-alumina disk-shaped supports. These mesoporous silica supports had a mean pore diameter of 5 nm. The alkyl modification of the silica membranes was achieved by the covalent attachment of octadecyldimethylchlorosilane (ODMCS) using triethylamine (TEA) as a catalyst in supercritical-CO2. Successful attachment was confirmed through infrared spectroscopic identification of the removal of the band due to isolated silanols accompanied by the appearance of bands due to methyl and methylene groups. We also directly measured a ∼90% reduction in permeance o...
Ultrasonic Characterization of Texture

This paper will propose a new technique to characterize texture of rolled plates of cubic crystallites. This technique uses information from ultrasonic velocities of high order plate mode to improve the estimation of orientation distribution coefficients (ODC's), especially W400. Also discussed will be the generalization of this technique to the case of hexagonal crystallites.
Automatic detection, segmentation and motion characterization of the heart from tagged mri

Cardiac disease is the leading cause of death in the developed countries. To reduce the mortality, early diagnosis is critical. Tagged MRI is a non-invasive technique for the study of cardiac deformation. It generates an MRI-visible tag pattern within the heart that deforms with the tissue during the cardiac cycle in vivo, which gives motion information of the myocardium. It has the potential of early diagnosis and quantitative analysis of various kinds of heart diseases and malfunctions. The difficulty preventing this technique from clinical use is the lack of efficient post-processing methods that automatically extract and analyze cardiac motion from tagged MRI data, which consists of image analysis tasks such as image preprocessing, tagging lines enhancement and tracking, tag removal, heart detection, cardiac boundaries segmentation, and motion or strain estimation. In this dissertation, a system of accurate and reliable automatic/semi-automatic tagged MR image analysis solutions will be given to all these problems. The methodologies of this system involves the interplay between traditional image processing techniques and state-of-the-art statistics, physics and machine learning based methods. In addition, medical prior knowledge and practices have been incorporated into the algorithms. In this research, a wavelet-like Gabor filter-based method has been developed to solve tasks such as tag enhancement, tag removal, myocardial tracking, and strain estimation. Because of its wide applications, Gabor filtering has the potential to become a routine function in tMRI analysis systems. We are also the first that introduced learning-based approaches into the detection and boundary segmentation of the heart in cardiac tMRI, by integrating statistical shape analysis, learning-based local appearance modeling, and sampling-based tracking techniques. For myocardial deformation analysis, we developed both tracking and non-tracking-based strain estimation algorithms, and conducted a quantitative comparison with registered ultrasound elastography. Based on our strain estimates, a novel tensor-based classification framework has been developed to identify and localize regional cardiac abnormalities in human subjects. Experimental results show the automatic detection, segmentation and motion characterization methods that we have developed in this dissertation can automate and largely speed up the image analysis process of tMRI, and achieve robust and accurate results. This research provides a promising avenue to make tMRI clinically accessible.
Overview of automotive engine friction and reduction trends– Effects of surface, material, and lubricant-additive technologies

The increasing global environmental awareness, evidenced by recent worldwide calls for control of climate change and greenhouse emissions, has placed significant new technical mandates for automotives to improve engine efficiency, which is directly related to the production of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. Reduction of parasitic losses of the vehicle, powertrain and the engine systems is a key component of energy conservation. For engine efficiency improvement, various approaches include improvements in advanced combustion systems, component system design and handling—such as down-sizing, boosting, and electrification—as well as waste heat recovery systems etc. Among these approaches, engine friction reduction is a key and relatively cost-effective approach, which has been receiving significant attention from tribologists and lubricant-lubrication engineers alike. In this paper, the fundamentals of friction specific to the environments of engine components tribology are reviewed, together with discussions on the impact of developing vehicle powertrain technologies, surface and material technologies, as well as lubricant and additive technologies on promises of continuing friction and wear reduction trends. The international accords on climate change require further gains in fuel efficiency and energy sustainability from all industry sectors including those in the automotive and the broader internal combustion engine industries, and the latter encompass off-highway, power generation, marine, and rail industries as well. This paper focsuses on friction reduction in mainly automotive engines, however.
Neighboring Patterns, Social Support, and Rapid Growth: A Comparison Analysis from Three Western Communities

Recently sociologists have devoted considerable attention to the consequences of rapid community growth and change on social relations and social integration, adding to a long tradition of scholarly concern with the social effects of urbanism and modernization. As was characteristic of much of the traditional literature on urbanization, the recent discussions of rapid community growth have tended overwhelmingly to assert various “social disruption” consequences, including a deterioration of the importance of neighboring as a source of both primary interaction and localized informal social support. In this study we examine data on neighboring phenomena from three small towns in the western United States that in recent years have experienced substantially different rates of population growth. Although the results suggest that rapid population growth in small towns is indeed accompanied by an apparent decline in reliance on neighbors as sources of social support, the data indicate no support for the hypothes...
Spaces of Interest: financial governance and debt subjectivity

This paper considers the phenomenon of financialization, the integration of everyday life activities into the logic of finance capital, and the spatio-temporal fixes attached to emergent dynamics of capital circulation. I analyze the growing industry of Alternative Finance Service Providers (AFSPs), focusing on the rapid expansion of payday and title loan lending. I argue that the increased presence of AFSPs has occurred in conjunction with practices of finance capitalism, which serve to constitute a specific economic subject. Examining the practices of TMX Finance LLC, the largest title loan company in the United States, I argue that the preferential distribution of debt dramatically shapes the space we live in, and seeks to order the bodies that occupy those spaces.