cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A perceptually-based algorithm provides effective visual feedback to radiologists searching for lung nodules

The gaze durations of fixation clusters generated by radiologists searching for nodules in chest images varies according to the degree of interest in the local image structure. The authors present a computer algorithm that filters out short-duration clusters, feeding back only the image locations fixated for >1000 ms, measured during the initial search of the image. The feedback algorithm highlighted 72% of initially fixated nodules, and 34% of initially unreported nodules were correctly identified in a second view with feedback, compared with only 21% without feedback. This computer algorithm, based on the radiologist's gaze duration data, effectively localizes potential nodule sites for feedback and enhances diagnostic performance. >
Altruism, agency, and the competitiveness of family firms

The core belief among agency theorists is that when a firm is both owned and managed by family members, its governance structure is efficient. We argue that this belief over-simplifies the complexity of exchanges that occur among the family firm's decision agents, and does not conform to reality. We develop an alternative agency view of family firm governance that accounts for agency problems that are understated in extant agency models. These problems are rooted in the firm's ownership structure, as well as the altruistic relationships that exist between the firm's decision agents. We conclude with four propositions that address the competitive implications of this alternative view. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Menhaden-fish oil in a vitamin E-deficient diet: protection against chloroquine-resistant malaria in mice.

Feeding a vitamin E-deficient diet containing 5% menhaden oilto mice affordssignificant protectionagainstboth a chloroquine-sensitive and a chloroquine-resistant line of the malarial parasite. Nutritional manipulation may offer a new approach to the prob- lem of drug-resistant malaria, a rapidlyemergingglobal threat to public health. Am J Clin Nutr l989;50: 1237-9.
Improving loss resilience with multi-radio diversity in wireless networks

This paper describes the Multi-Radio Diversity (MRD) wireless system, which uses path diversity to improve loss resilience in wireless local area networks WLANs). MRD coordinates wireless receptions among multiple radios to improve loss resilience in the face of path-dependent frame corruption over the radio. MRD incorporates two techniques to recover from bit errors and lower the loss rates observed by higher layers, without consuming much extra bandwidth. The first technique is frame combining in which multiple, possibly erroneous, copies of a given frame are combined together in an attempt to recover the frame without retransmission. The second technique is a low-overhead retransmission scheme called request-for-acknowledgment (RFA), which operates above the link layer and below the network layer to attempt to recover from frame combining failures. We present an analysis that determines how the parameters for these algorithms should be chosen.We have designed and implemented MRD as a fully functional WLAN infrastructure based on 802.11a. In our testbed, we measured throughput gains up to 2.3 - over single radio communication schemes employing 802.11's autorate adaptation scheme.
A suspected case of hepatogenous chronic copper toxicity in a Charolais heifer

A six-month-old, orphaned Charolais heifer presented for a five-day-history of lethargy and inappetence. On examination, the calf was severely icteric and exhibited haemoconcentration and methaemoglobinaemia. The heifer developed haemolysis and haemoglobinuria the following day leading to the performance of a whole blood transfusion. Liver biopsy revealed evidence of a plant-based toxic hepatopathy and an elevated copper concentration. Analysis of the calf9s feedstuffs did not reveal the source of the excess copper, although one milk replacer sample was above recommended levels for preruminants. No history of access to exogenous copper sources was reported. Hepatogenous chronic copper toxicity results after ingestion of hepatotoxic plants leading to an increase in hepatocyte affinity for copper. A suspected diagnosis of hepatogenous chronic copper toxicity was made. This case demonstrates the disease can be a diagnostic challenge and should be included on the differential list for patients exhibiting methemoglobinaemia and/or signs of liver disease.
Social, Economic, and Cultural Rights: The Inter-American Court at a Crossroads

This chapter examines how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has addressed economic, social and cultural rights. First, I briefly consider the primary Inter-American treaties on the subject: the American Convention on Human Rights, the Protocol of San Salvador, and the Charter of the Organization of American States. Second, I assess how the Inter-American Court has interpreted those instruments. While the Tribunal has increasingly recognized economic, social and cultural rights through various means, Article 26 of the American Convention on Human Rights -- the Convention’s most explicit provision on this category of rights -- has largely been avoided. I consider reasons for this avoidance, and then evaluate the alternative means the Court has used to protect economic, social and cultural rights.
rsc : a novel oncogene with structural and functional homology with the gene family of exchange factors for Ral

A novel oncogene, rsc (rabbit squamous cell carcinoma), has been identified from a DMBA-induced rabbit squamous cell carcinoma using gene transfer and the nude mouse tumorigenesis assay. A full-length cDNA has been isolated and sequenced. rsc has potent tumorigenic activity in nude mice (latency <4 weeks), but does not induce focus formation or anchorage independent growth. The oncogene resulted from the fusion of rHR 23A (a rabbit homologue of yeast Rad 23) with a member of the ral-GDS family which we named rgr (ral-GDS related). Deletion analysis demonstrated that the oncogenic potential resides in the Rgr portion of the gene. Rgr is 40% identical overall to Ral-GDS, with identity increasing to 72% over a 100 amino acid region of the catalytic domain. Biochemical experiments indicate that Rgr has GTP/GDP exchange activity for Ral, providing evidence that this pathway is associated with tumorigenesis. The linkage between the Ral pathway and tumorigenesis by a molecule in the Ral-GDS gene family (Ral-GDS being a known effector for Ras) will open the way for the characterization of this pathway and provide an important tool to understand its biological function.
Intelligent Content Editing: A Prototype Theory for Managing Digital Content

This manuscript examines the role of technical editors in content management and theorizes how to adapt print-based editing practices for digital content. Embracing a user experience approach to content management, it introduces a prototype theory inspired by Rockley and Cooper's 2012 concept of intelligent content. The user-centered theory emphasizes editorial strategies for developing, editing, and maintaining digital content; it also explores the implications of separating content and product.
The Interaction of Colchicine With Hormone-Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase in Human Leukocytes

A histamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase was found in human leukocytes and appears to interact with the microtubule system of these cells. Colchicine markedly potentiated the effects of IBMX, histamine, or both on increasing cyclic AMP levels in intact leukocytes. Preincubation with vinblastine or podophyllotoxin caused effects similar to those of colchicine, while lumicolchicine and cytochalasin B were ineffective. Preincubation with colchicine did not significantly affect the concentration of histamine at which half-maximal increases in cyclic AMP levels were attained (5 µM). Membranes prepared from leukocyte homogenates had a basal adenylate cyclase activity of about 10 pmole/min/mg protein; histamine (10-4 M) caused a more than three-fold increase in this activity. The effects of colchicine that were observed with intact cells were not found in the membrane preparation, whether the membranes were prepared from colchicine-treated cells or whether colchicine was added directly to the adenylate cyclase assay mixture. The effects of histamine in both intact cells and cell membranes were blocked by the H2 antagonist metiamide, but not by the H1, antagonist mepyramine. The interaction of histamine with two other hormones that activate leukocyte adenylate cyclase via different receptors, isoproterenol and prostaglandin E1, (PGE1), was also investigated. The effects of all three agonists were not additive with respect to cyclic AMP levels in intact cells, whether in the absence or presence of colchicine, or with respect to adenylate cyclase activity in membrane preparations. Cells enriched for polymorphonuclear or mononuclear leukocytes exhibited responses to histamine, isoproterenol or PGE1, and to colchicine, similar to those seen in the unfractionated leukocyte preparations. The results suggest that interference by colchicine with the organization of cytoplasmic microtubules increases leukocyte adenylate cyclase activity and renders the cells more sensitive to histamine stimulation, without markedly altering the affinity of the histamine receptor. Effects of colchicine were not observed in cell-free preparations, presumably because the interaction between cytoplasmic microtubules and membranes depends upon the integrity of the cell. The non-additivity of the hormone effects suggests that histamine, isoproterenol, and PGE1, may all compete for activation of the same molecules of adenylate cyclase.
Characterization of Leukemic Stem Cells in a Newly Established Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Cell Line 2006-5

AML cell line 2006-5 was established by serial culture of an AML patients’ PBMC (M5). Compared to primary AML cells, this line expresses CD13, CD33, CD15, CD4, CD86, CD54 but lost CD34, CD64, CD123 and HLA-Dr. A group of CD13−/CD33− cells was detected consisting of 0.2% of total cells, but no significant CD34, CD90 or CD123 expression cells could be detected by FACS. After depleting of CD13+/CD33+ cells by magnetic beads, the CD13−/CD33− cells were enriched to 95%. Significant CD34+, CD90+ or CD123+ cells (0.2–0.5%) appeared in the CD13−/CD33− enriched fraction of AML cells. Leukemia colony forming (LCF) cell assay analyzed at day 14 demonstrated CD34+, CD90+ or CD123+ cells selected by magnetic beads formed typical compact large colonies of more than 1000 cells representing 40–60% of total colonies (Fig left panel). The CD13−/CD33− enriched fraction formed medium colonies with a dense center surrounded by a halo of migrating cells (80–90% of total colonies) (Fig right). Untreated 2006-5 cells formed small diffuse colonies (70–80%). Re-plating of compact colonies selected from CD34+, CD90+ or CD123+ cell LCF assays formed the above 3 type of colonies in one culture dish. Although a daughter line can be generated from a single colony formed by CD13-CD33− cells, no compact colonies could be observed in re-plating experiment. After 14 days of culture, immature erythroid cell clusters were observed in the area surrounding compact colonies suggesting that the progenitors of the colony forming leukemia cells were at the GEMM stage. Small colonies of untreated cells gradually became apoptotic and necrotic after 10 days. These results support the theory that AML is organized as a hierarchy similar to the normal hematopoietic system. CD34+, CD90+ or CD123+ cells with very low frequency of 1–2 in 1×105 2006-5 line cells demonstrated high proliferation and differentiation potential, and may represent leukemia stem cells. CD13−/CD33− cells with lower proliferation rate may belong to more differentiated leukemia progenitors without self renew potential. If additional experiments support the notion that cells forming compact colonies are leukemia stem cells, they may serve as a useful resource to test the biology of leukemia and its therapy. ![Figure][1] Figure ![Figure][1] Figure [1]: pending:yes
MT71x: Multi-Temperature Library Based on ENDF/B-VII.1

The Nuclear Data Team has released a multitemperature transport library, MT71x, based upon ENDF/B-VII.1 with a few modifications as well as additional evaluations for a total of 427 isotope tables. The library was processed using NJOY2012.39 into 23 temperatures. MT71x consists of two sub-libraries; MT71xMG for multigroup energy representation data and MT71xCE for continuous energy representation data. These sub-libraries are suitable for deterministic transport and Monte Carlo transport applications, respectively. The SZAs used are the same for the two sub-libraries; that is, the same SZA can be used for both libraries. This makes comparisons between the two libraries and between deterministic and Monte Carlo codes straightforward. Both the multigroup energy and continuous energy libraries were verified and validated with our checking codes checkmg and checkace (multigroup and continuous energy, respectively) Then an expanded suite of tests was used for additional verification and, finally, verified using an extensive suite of critical benchmark models. We feel that this library is suitable for all calculations and is particularly useful for calculations sensitive to temperature effects.
Evolutionary Imprints on Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

Today, cardiovascular diseases (CD) are the overall leading cause of mortality worldwide. The most prevalent cardiovascular forms of diseases can be linked to adaptive selective forces acting during the evolution of cardiovascular systems from invertebrate animals to mammals, i.e., for 4 billion years, that have become maladaptive during the post-agricultural period, in humans following the changes in civilization, environment, and habits. Key among these is the association of arterial hypertension with increased dietary salt intake. Atherosclerotic disease has also been linked to meat and fat consumption. Policies to treat CD must be twofold: (1) to remove the maladaptive changes, e.g., high dietary salt, obesity, and high cholesterol and (2) to use our understanding of the molecular aspects of CD to develop targeted therapeutics, e.g., diuretics to increase salt excretion and to reduce lipids.
What Happened to the American Jury? Proposals for Revamping Plea Bargaining and Summary Judgment

Plea bargaining and summary judgment have contributed to the disappearance of the jury. This short paper describes the "plea offer," "sentence" and "consensus" requirements -- three seemingly controversial but rational ways to restore the jury in our present system.
Extracellular H+ fluxes from tiger salamander Müller (glial) cells measured using self-referencing H+-selective microelectrodes.

Self-referencing H+-selective electrodes were used to measure extracellular H+ fluxes from Muller (glial) cells isolated from the tiger salamander retina. A novel chamber enabled stable recordings using H+-selective microelectrodes in a self-referencing format using bicarbonate-based buffer solutions. A small basal H+ flux was observed from the end foot region of quiescent cells bathed in 24 mM bicarbonate-based solutions, and increasing extracellular potassium induced a dose-dependent increase in H+ flux. Barium at 6 mM also increased H+ flux. Potassium-induced extracellular acidifications were abolished when bicarbonate was replaced by 1 mM HEPES. The carbonic anhydrase antagonist benzolamide potentiated the potassium-induced extracellular acidification, while 300 μM DIDS, 300 μM SITS, and 30 μM S0859 significantly reduced the response. Potassium-induced extracellular acidifications persisted in solutions lacking extracellular calcium, although potassium-induced changes in intracellular calcium monitored with Oregon Green were abolished. Exchange of external sodium with choline also eliminated the potassium-induced extracellular acidification. Removal of extracellular sodium by itself induced a transient alkalinization, and replacement of sodium induced a transient acidification, both of which were blocked by 300 μM DIDS. Recordings at the apical portion of the cell showed smaller potassium-induced extracellular H+ fluxes, and removal of the end foot region further decreased the H+ flux, suggesting that the end foot was the major source of acidifications. These studies demonstrate that self-referencing H+-selective electrodes can be used to monitor H+ fluxes from retinal Muller cells in bicarbonate-based solutions and confirm the presence of a sodium-coupled bicarbonate transporter, the activity of which is largely restricted to the end foot of the cell.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study uses self-referencing H+-selective electrodes for the first time to measure H+ fluxes from Muller (glial) cells isolated from tiger salamander retina. These studies demonstrate bicarbonate transport as a potent regulator of extracellular levels of acidity around Muller cells and point toward a need for further studies aimed at addressing how such glial cell pH regulatory mechanisms may shape neuronal signaling.
Formation of waterfalls by intermittent burial of active faults

Waterfalls commonly exist near bounding faults of mountain ranges, where erosional bedrock catchments transition to depositional alluvial fans. We hypothesize that aggradation on alluvial fans can bury active faults, and that the faults accumulate slip in the subsurface to produce a bedrock scarp. Following entrenchment of the alluvial fan, the scarp can be exposed as a waterfall. To explore this hypothesis, we derived a geometric model for waterfall height that depends on alluvial fan length and the relative time scales of (1) tectonic uplift, (2) a forcing mechanism for cycles of fan aggradation and incision, and (3) a response of fan aggradation to changes in sediment flux. We find that the model is consistent with observations at Gower Gulch, Death Valley, California, where a man-made drainage capture event in 1941 caused rapid fan incision and exposed a waterfall at the canyon-fan transition. We also compared the model to 62 waterfalls in 18 catchments of the Death Valley area and found that at least 15 of the waterfalls are best explained by the fault-burial mechanism. Using field measurements of grain size and channel geometries, we show that the fault-burial mechanism can produce the observed waterfall heights, measuring 4−19 m, under a uniform climatic forcing scenario requiring variations of 20% in precipitation during the late Pleistocene. The fault-burial mechanism, through the creation of upstream propagating waterfalls, may allow catchment-fan systems to experience frequent cycles of enhanced erosion in catchments and deposition on fans that likely convolve tectonic and climatic signals.
Personality and Social Support Processes

Investigators at the intersection of personality and social support research have developed a number of theoretical models to account for the role of a broad range of individual differences variables in social support processes. Such efforts have met with considerable success and underscore the notion that personality serves as an important influence on social behavior. Because other chapters in the present volume provide excellent summaries of these models, our goal in the present chapter is to take a broad view of how social support and personality research fit together, as well as to identify some of the key conceptual and methodological issues that need to be addressed in order to make continued progress.
BENJAMIN CONSTANT AND CONSTITUTIONALISM

Benjamin Constant (1767-1830) was one of the most famous liberal politicians and writers of the Bourbon Restoration in France (1814-1830). In 1814 and 1815, he wrote a number of notable works on constitutionalism. This article places these writings in their historical context, and summarizes Constant’s liberal pluralist constitutional philosophy. Constant insisted on the protection of rights, on a representative system of politics based on popular sovereignty, on the separation and balance of power, and on religious toleration. He worried about the destabilizing effects of “fanaticism,” and argued that a liberal constitutional regime would not endure unless citizens embraced a politics that permitted contestation, negotiation, and compromise. Fecha de envio / Submission Date: 5/12/2014 Fecha de aceptacion / Acceptance Date: 24/05/2015
Innovation Communication and Inter-Functional Collaboration: A View from the Competing Values Framework for Corporate Communication

Firms in intensive-technology industries need to constantly innovate and rapidly commercialize innovations to capture consumer needs and preferences, create value for shareholders, and sustain competitive advantage. Consistent with disruptive innovation theory, which places a great emphasis on the power of organizational processes and enabling technology to deliver products and services at lower costs than incumbent firms, innovative firms transform their markets by pulling in new customers (Christensen and Raynor 2003). Key organizational functions with important synergistic effects for successful innovation include marketing, R&D, and operations/production. However, it has long been recognized that without open communication and joint accountability, the tension among these functions that often is also triggered by conflicting communications with external stakeholders, might lead to lower levels of organizational performance. Indeed, resources and capabilities that are not translated into well-synchronized activities, best practices, or business processes cannot have a positive impact on a firm’s performance (Ray et al. 2004). Using the Competing Values Framework for Corporate Communication to examine communication relationships within and outside organizations (Belasen 2008), this chapter will focus on identifying characteristics of adaptive culture and innovation communication that contribute to effective inter-functional collaboration.
ANALYSIS OF WASTE ENERGY RECOVERY FOR A TYPICAL FOOD PROCESSING PLANT

ABSTRACT An energy analysis was performed for a typical, operating, food processing plant. The analysis indicated that a significant quantity of “waste-heat” energy was being released to the atmosphere in the forms of low quality steam and hot flue gases. Additional analysis, measurements, and observations over a period of 15 months resulted in an evaluation of the losses as well as specific recommendations and methods for efficient and effective recovery of the waste heat energy. Economic evaluations were made for the required modifications to permit an accurate prediction of cost reductions. Results of the study showed that the recovery of the waste heat energy resulted in significant savings in energy costs as well as reduction in the consumption of scarce fuels. The recommended modifications utilized presently developed equipment and procedures; hence, the time required for adaptation would be minimal. The methods and procedures are applicable to all food processing plants regardless of the country of origin for the processing equipment. Additional recommendations are provided for better utilization of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in the design of new plants with significant improvements in energy utilization.
The Effect of Intraoperative Glove Choice on Carpal Tunnel Pressure

Introduction The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of surgical gown and glove wear on carpal tunnel pressure. The authors hypothesized that gowning and gloving is associated with an increase in carpal tunnel pressure in cadaveric specimens wearing appropriately sized gloves. Furthermore, they hypothesized that increased glove thickness, double gloving, and smaller-than-appropriately sized gloves would all serve to increase carpal tunnel pressure. Materials and Methods Baseline carpal tunnel pressure measurements were obtained in 11 cadaveric specimens. Each specimen was subsequently gowned and gloved. Carpal tunnel pressures were obtained for each specimen fitted with four different types of gloves in four scenarios: (1) appropriately sized gloves, (2) one full-size smaller, (3) one full-size larger, and (4) double gloved. Results Mean carpal tunnel baseline value was 3.5 mm Hg. Appropriately sized single-glove wear more than doubled baseline carpal tunnel pressure. Double gloving and smaller-than-appropriately sized glove wear more than tripled baseline values. Among the single-glove subgroup, the thickest gloves (ortho) were associated with the highest increase in pressure from baseline values. Conclusion Glove selection can have repercussions related to carpal tunnel pressure. Susceptible surgeons should consider these factors when making decisions regarding intraoperative glove wear.
Sovereign Bodies, Sovereign States: Settler Colonial Violence and the Visibility of Resistance in Palestine

The physical fragmentation of the West Bank—and of the West Bank from Gaza—along with Israel’s settlement expansion and its complete control over the Palestinian economy, has demonstrated not only the ineffectiveness but the disempowering effects of the territorial divisions outlined in the Oslo Accords. The political and economic geography of occupied Palestinian territory presents significant constraints to Palestinian livelihoods. And yet the story of many Palestinian communities is not one of resignation but of steadfastness and resistance. This chapter will explore the ways in which this resistance is rendered visible or invisible, with particular attention to the ways in which the violence of Israel’s settler colonial occupation is rendered invisible through its linkage to concepts of sovereignty and the state that erase bodily violence and bodily resistance to that violence (via the state’s claims of sovereignty). This interrogation of sovereignty aids in our decentering of the state and the centering of embodied subjectivities as we explore expressions of resistance and local dissent in Palestine.
Disentangling strategic consensus: Strategic consensus types, psychological bonds, and their effects on strategic climate

Strategic consensus has long been held by academics and managers alike as crucial for organizational effectiveness. Yet, studies have failed to consistently demonstrate this importance. These equiv...
Student-Veterans’ Perceptions of Barriers, Support, and Environment at a High-Density Veteran Enrollment Campus

For institutions of higher education with high numbers of enrolled veterans, understanding how these students perceive services specifically designed for them is an important next step in developing effective campus service models. Through analysis of survey data (n=328) collected at a campus with a host of established services and a high number of military connected students, this study adds to the literature on the transition experience and utilization of resources. This investigation focuses on the interaction between prior-military and disability characteristics and how service-connected injuries impact student-veterans’ quality of life, integration on campus, and challenges with the built campus environment. Findings are discussed through the lens of a seminal transition framework, with practical application strategies offered for creating and delivering individualized support for student veterans.
Penile cancer with positive nodes: A case of HPV p16-positivity and its significance, implication of data from head and neck cancer.

Abstract Penile cancer is normally discovered in an early stage due to its visibility to the patient. This case report demonstrates a morbidly obese patient with a locally advanced penile cancer hidden by fatty tissue. Biopsy showed P16-positive tumor cells, which responded to concurrent chemo-radiotherapy with no evidence of disease at 24 months of follow-up. We also review the significance of p16-positive cell biology.
Perforated appendicitis: Short duration antibiotics are noninferior to traditional long duration antibiotics.

Abstract Background Appendicitis usually manifests as either uncomplicated or complicated disease. Uncomplicated appendicitis is generally treated with an appendectomy without further antibiotic therapy. In contrast, complicated appendicitis can be treated in a myriad of ways. Nonoperative treatment has been proven to be effective but has variable failure rates. Operative management typically involves resection with postoperative antibiotics. The duration of antibiotic therapy is a topic of interest. Past studies have shown that a shorter duration of antibiotics (3–5 days) are equally as effective in treating intra-abdominal contamination. In the fall 2015, our practice pattern for antibiotic duration for acute complicated appendicitis changed to reflect this finding. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively review this change in practice. Hypothesis The aim of this study was to determine if a shorter duration of antibiotics for acute complicated appendicitis is as effective as a traditional longer duration of antibiotics with a historical cohort. We also aim to determine if the duration of stay improved with the shorter duration of antibiotics. Methods Appendicitis cases documented after September 2015 until the present were identified. Study inclusion criteria included patients aged ≥18 and patients undergoing an appendectomy (open or laparoscopic). Exclusion criteria included patients age Results The durations of stay between cohorts were not different; both were about 6.1 days. The duration of antibiotics was less in the post-2015 group (5.5 days vs 4.1 days, P = .005). The 30-day readmission rate was significantly less in the post-2015 group (16% vs 2%; P Conclusion This study shows that adherence to short duration antibiotic treatment appears to be effective in decreasing the 30-day readmission rate without increasing in hospital infectious complications. Short duration of antibiotics did not, however, decrease the duration of hospital stay.
An Unusual Case of Acute Abdomen: Intestinal Ascariasis: Case Report and Literature Review

Ascariasis is uncommon in United States of America but can be seen in immigrants and travelers. It can present with intestinal complications. We present a case of acute suppurative appendicitis with bowel perforation. Interestingly and unexpected, worms were palpated in the intestine in the operating room. Later, an adult Ascaris worm was identified in nasogastric tube canister. During hospitalization, a contrast-based computed tomographic scan revealed impressive finding of contrast filling defects in stomach and small intestine of the patient indicating the adult worms. The patient was treated with Ivermectin.
The integration of sensory feedback in the modulation of anuran landing preparation.

Controlled landing requires preparation. Mammals and bipedal birds vary how they prepare for landing by predicting the timing and magnitude of impact from the integration of visual and non-visual information. Here we explore how an animal that moves primarily through hopping, Rhinella marina, the cane toad, integrates sensory information to modulate landing preparation. Earlier work suggests toads may modulate landing preparation using predictions of impact timing and/or magnitude based on non-visual sensory feedback during takeoff rather than visual cues about the landing itself. Here we disentangled takeoff and landing conditions by hopping toads off platforms of different heights and measured electromyographic (EMG) activity of an elbow extensor, m. anconeus, and used high-speed motion capture to quantify whole body and forelimb kinematics to test how toads integrate visual and non-visual information in landing preparation. We asked two questions: 1) when they conflict, do toads correlate landing preparation with takeoff or landing conditions? And 2) for hops with the same takeoff conditions, does visual information alter the timing of landing preparation? We found that takeoff conditions are a better predictor of the onset of landing preparation than landing conditions, but that visual information is not ignored. When hopping off higher platforms, toads start to prepare for landing later when takeoff conditions are invariant. This suggests that, unlike mammals, toads prioritize non-visual sensory feedback about takeoff conditions to coordinate landing, but that they do integrate visual information to fine-tune landing preparation.
Initial Experience with Using a Structured Light 3D Scanner and Image Registration to Plan Bedside Subdural Evacuating Port System Placement.

Background Chronic subdural hematoma evacuation can be achieved in select patients through bedside placement of the Subdural Evacuation Port System (SEPS; Medtronic, Inc., Dublin, Ireland). This procedure involves drilling a burr hole at the thickest part of the hematoma. Identifying this location is often difficult, given the variable tilt of available imaging and distant anatomic landmarks. This paper evaluates the feasibility and accuracy of a bedside navigation system that relies on visible light-based 3-dimensional (3D) scanning and image registration to a pre-procedure computed tomography scan. The information provided by this system may increase accuracy of the burr hole location. Methods In Part 1, the accuracy of this system was evaluated using a rigid 3D printed phantom head with implanted fiducials. In Part 2, the navigation system was tested on 3 patients who underwent SEPS placement. Results The error in registration of this system was less than 2.5 mm when tested on a rigid 3D printed phantom head. Fiducials located in the posterior aspect of the head were difficult to reliably capture. For the 3 patients who underwent 5 SEPS placements, the distance between anticipated SEPS burr hole location based on registration and actual burr hole location was less than 1cm. Conclusions A bedside cranial navigation system based on 3D scanning and image registration has been introduced. Such a system may increase the success rate of bedside procedures, such as SEPS placement. However, technical challenges such as the ability to scan hair and practical challenges such as minimization of patient movement during scans must be overcome.
TAVR VS. SAVR IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER AND AORTIC STENOSIS: A NATIONWIDE READMISSION DATABASE REGISTRY STUDY

Patients with cancer and aortic stenosis (AS) represent a clinic challenge, especially when aortic valve replacement (AVR) is required. We sought to compare outcomes of transcatheter (TAVR) vs surgical (SAVR) AVR in patients with cancer. Based on the Nationwide Readmission Database, we identified
FAST MONEY? THE CONTRIBUTION OF STATE TAX AMNESTIES TO PUBLIC REVENUE SYSTEMS

State tax amnesties have become a commonplace component of state tax administration over the last 30 years. This paper reviews the structural evolution of all state amnesty programs and makes the case that their fundamental purpose has shifted from improving tax administration to emphasizing revenue maximization. It then provides empirical evidence on which state amnesty program features aid in this effort. The regression results reveal that most of the malleable amnesty program features that tend to increase amnesty recoveries also confl ict with or undermine the goal of improving the tax administration system.
Latter-day screens: gender, sexuality, and mediated Mormonism: by Brenda R. Weber, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2019, $29.95 (paperback), ISBN 13: 978-1-4780-0486-8

Capping her analysis of “mediated Mormonism” Brenda Weber reflects on how the experience of growing up non-Mormon in a Mormon-dominated city motivated her to write a book about Mormonism. Unfortuna...
Differential Effects of Psychotic Illness on Directed and Random Exploration

Schizophrenia is associated with a number of deficits in decision-making, but the scope, nature, and cause of these deficits are not completely understood. Here we focus on a particular type of dec...
The Ecosystem of Research, Education, and Community

Insights from research discoveries trigger innovation and invention, and ultimately lead to commercialization of new products. This influx of new technologies feeds the economy, and in turn also sparks interest in the community. It is this excitement and promise that attracts students to the field—our future workforce of policy makers, manufacturing experts, engineers, scientists, educators, and other leaders. Appreciation of the interdependence of these three cornerstones—research, education, and society—is essential in creating our best future.
Impacts of the New Mexico PreK initiative by children’s race/ethnicity

Abstract New Mexico is one of 44 U.S. states offering a public pre-K program for children at age 4. State models for pre-K vary in terms of availability, policies related to classroom quality, and populations of children served. In this study, we pool data from five successive cohorts of children (total N = 5218) using regression-discontinuity models to estimate the impacts of participating in New Mexico’s pre-K program on young children’s language, literacy, and math skills at kindergarten entry. Positive, statistically significant impacts of pre-K were found for each of these academic domains. Due to the high level of diversity in our sample, it was also possible to examine pre-K impacts separately for White, Hispanic, and Native American children. The largest impacts were found for White and Hispanic children, with less consistent and more modest impacts for Native American children. These findings suggest that while New Mexico’s pre-K program generated academic benefits for children, not all groups of children benefited equally, and further information is needed to understand the reasons for these differences.
The Cost of Gait Slowness: Can Persons with Parkinson's Disease Save Energy by Walking Faster?

BACKGROUND Gait slowing is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many therapies aim to improve gait speed in persons with PD, but goals are often imprecise. How fast should each patient walk? And how do persons with PD benefit from walking faster? There is an important need to understand how walking speed affects fundamental aspects of gait-including energy cost and stability-that could guide individualized therapy decisions in persons with PD. OBJECTIVE We investigated how changes in walking speed affected energy cost and spatiotemporal gait parameters in persons with PD. We compared these effects between dopaminergic medication states and to those observed in age-matched control participants. METHODS Twelve persons with PD and twelve control participants performed treadmill walking trials spanning at least five different speeds (seven speeds were desired, but not all participants could walk at the fastest speeds). Persons with PD participated in two walking sessions on separate days (once while optimally medicated, once after 12-hour withdrawal from dopaminergic medication). We measured kinematic and metabolic data across all trials. RESULTS Persons with PD significantly reduced energy cost by walking faster than their preferred speeds. This held true across medication conditions and was not observed in control participants. The patient-specific walking speeds that reduced energy cost did not significantly affect gait variability metrics (used as proxies for gait stability). CONCLUSION The gait slowing that occurs with PD results in energetically suboptimal walking. Rehabilitation strategies that target patient-specific increases in walking speed could result in a less effortful gait.
The mobility of inhabitants and ways of transportation to the occupation

The mobility of inhabitants in sense of persons relocation in order to reach work, entertainment etc. is very closely connected with unemployment rate in region, traffic infrastructure quality, region development and growth and so on. Partial project has been inhabitant mobility analysis in Jihoceský region, and the paper informs about the results.
Elevated Venous Outflow Pressure in Head Injured Patients

The foundation of our understanding of ICP dynamics rests on the assumption that venous outflow pressure, considered the superior saggital sinus, remains constant. As it is further considered that the cortical vein pressure must be slightly higher than ICP to prevent collapse, it follows that a pressure gradient should exist between the cortical veins and saggital sinus [5]. According to this concept, the gradient of pressure is developed along the bridging veins and lateral lacunae.
Infrared radiometry of Uranus and Neptune at 21 and 32 μm

Abstract Radiometric measurement of Uranus and Neptune near 21 and 32 μm have been made with filters with widths of 8 and 5 μm, respectively. The observations at 21 μm, made on 1985 June 19 at the NASA Infrared telescope facility at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, were calibrated against α Boo and corresponded to brightness temperatures of 54.1 ± 0.3 K for Uranus and 58.1 ± 0.3 K for Neptune. The observations at 32 μm were made on three nights: 1983 May 1 and 1984 May 30 and 31, also at the NASA IRTF. Calibrated against the Jovian satellites Callisto (J4) and Ganymede (J3), these measurements corresponded to brightness temperatures of 51.8 ± 1.5 K for Uranus and 55.6 ± 1.2 K for Neptune. The observations are consistent with higher-resolution studies and confirm the general decrease of brightness temperatures going from about 20 to 30 μm.
Clarithromycin overcomes resistance to lenalidomide and dexamethasone in multiple myeloma.

The combination of clarithromycin, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (BiRd) has led to highly durable responses in newly diagnosed myeloma. However, the ability of clarithromycin to overcome resistance to lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) is not known. To study this, we performed a retrospective analysis of 24 patients with myeloma for which clarithromycin was added to Rd at the time of progression on Rd. The median number of prior therapies was 3 (range 1–8). The best response was complete response (CR) in one (4.2%), very good partial response (VGPR) in one (4.2%) and partial response in eight (33.3%) patients. Ten patients, 41.7% (95% CI: 22.1, 63.4), achieved ≥PR. The median time to response was 4.4 months (range 1–13.6 months) and the median duration of response was 6.9 months (range 3–52.2 months). The clinical benefit rate (CR + VGPR + PR + MR) was 45.8% (95% CI 25.6, 67.2). The median progression-free survival was 4 months. Median overall survival was 25 months with a median follow-up of 27.5 months. The regimen was well tolerated and only 2 patients needed a clarithromycin dose reduction. Addition of clarithromycin to Rd can overcome resistance to Rd in a subset of patients and lead to durable clinical responses. Am. J. Hematol. 89:E116–E120, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Network Layer Scaling: Congestion Control in Multimedia Communication with Heterogeneous Networks and Receivers

Because of the admission control schemes in computer networks, in many multimedia communication scenarios it is not possible to get guaranteed quality of service for data transmission along the entire route from sender to receiver. In such cases scaling mechanisms can be used to overcome problems caused by resource congestion. Whenever resource bottlenecks are noticed, the multimedia traffic through these resources will be reduced for a limited time. The scaling scheme described in this paper uses mechanisms in the network layer to enable short delay times between detection of overload and the reduction of multimedia traffic. Network layer scaling allows priority-controlled regulation of multimedia traffic over network resources and adaptive handling of various paths and receivers. The monitoring and scaling strategies in the network layer and a prioritization scheme for multimedia stream packets are described.
A novel animal model of human breast cancer metastasis to the spine: A pilot study using intracardiac injection and luciferase-expressing cells

Object Metastatic spine disease is prevalent in cancer victims; 10%–30% of the 1.2 million new patients diagnosed with cancer in the US exhibit spinal metastases. Unfortunately, treatments are limited for these patients, as disseminated disease is often refractory to chemotherapy and is difficult to treat with surgical intervention alone. New animal models that accurately recapitulate the human disease process are needed to study the behavior of metastases in real time. Methods In this study the authors report on a cell line that reliably generates bony metastases following intracardiac injection and can be tracked in real time using optical bioluminescence imaging. This line, RBC3, was derived from a metastatic breast adenocarcinoma lesion arising in the osseous spine of a rat following intracardiac injection of MDA-231 human breast cancer cells. Results Upon culture and reinjection of RBC3, a statistically significantly increased systemic burden of metastatic tumor was noted. The resultant spine lesions...
Inelastic Scattering of Light from Matter: Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering

Up until now, the discussion has assumed that the dipole moment per unit volume of a material is influenced only by application of an external electric field. The emphasis is then on the influence of the nonlinear terms in the expansion of the dipole moment per unit volume in powers of the electric field.
Liquid Propulsion: Engine Production and Operation

Launch success involves detailed multi-disciplined engineering during all phases of a liquid rocket engine – development, production, and operation. The development phase starts with system requirements and involves extensive testing and evaluation to characterize and qualify engine design and operation. Upon completion of development, an engine goes into full-scale production. Each production engine must meet its requirements within allowable engine-to-engine variations, typically during acceptance testing. Every risk must be understood, accepted or mitigated. Numerous reviews, tests and inspections are performed to verify compliance with requirements throughout the entire production process, from component fabrication to vehicle integration. The overall operation of a liquid rocket engine is divided into four distinct stages: (i) start-up transient, (ii) steady state, (iii) throttling (if throttleable), and (iv) shutdown transient. Start and shutdown transients expose engine components to extreme gradients in operating conditions, while steady-state and throttling operations occur for a majority of flight and involve fairly moderate changes in operating conditions. This chapter will provide a general overview of the production and operation of liquid rocket engines. Manufacturing and acceptance testing will be discussed as well as vehicle integration and flight operation. Examples of three actual operational engines will also be provided. Keywords: liquid propulsion; liquid rocket engine; manufacturing; production; acceptance testing; hot firing; vehicle integration; engine operation; launch
Regulated Expression of the Bone-Specific Osteocalcin Gene by Vitamins and Hormones

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the regulated expression of the bone-specific osteocalcin gene by vitamins and hormones. Expression of the bone-specific osteocalcin gene and synthesized protein is developmentally regulated during osteoblast differentiation and is responsive to numerous physiologic mediators of bone formation and resorption. Osteocalcin is a major noncollagenous protein product of the differentiated osteoblast, which forms the bone extracellular matrix (ECM). As the ECM mineralizes, enveloping the osteoblasts, which transform into osteocytes, osteocalcin expression is retained. Gla content of the protein may influence the structural properties of osteocalcin and binding of the protein to the hydroxyapatite component of bone. Human osteocalcin is incompletely γ-carboxylated in adults compared to other species, and the human bone extracellular matrix contains one-third of the level of osteocalcin present in rat or bovine bone. The possibility that osteocalcin may participate in bone turnover or resorption was addressed in a series of in vivo and in vitro studies, using several model systems that examined osteocalcin effects directly in cultured cells or in matrix substrates.