cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Density dependence of herbivorous central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum in stream mesocosms

Herbivorous fish can have strong effects on stream ecosystem function by consuming primary producers and excreting limiting nutrients, but it is unclear whether they are resource limited. Thus, understanding factors regulating abundance of these fish might help predict ecosystem function. We used stream mesocosms to test whether populations of central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum exhibit density dependence across a range of typical densities and resource abundance found in Great Plains streams. We predicted that incrementally increasing stocking biomass from 3·7 to 24·9 g·m−2 would reduce standing stocks of resources resulting in lower growth of stocked fish. Fish growth (over 41 days) was compared to initial stocking biomass and primary production as well as standing stocks of algae and invertebrates using regression analysis. Mean growth of individuals was negatively associated with stocking biomass ( = 0·55; P = 0·02), as predicted. Contrary to our prediction, increases in fish biomass led to increased primary productivity ( = 0·31, P = 0·07), but resulted in no relationship among algal filament lengths ( = 0·00; P = 0·34), algal biomass ( = 0·12; P = 0·19) or invertebrate biomass ( = 0·03; P = 0·30). Thus, density dependence occurred without an apparent reduction in food resources. We hypothesised that stoneroller growth was possibly limited by competition for high-quality algae or invertebrates, or behavioural interactions causing interference competition.
Diverse Hormone Response Networks in 41 Independent Drosophila Cell Lines

Steroid hormones induce cascades of gene activation and repression with transformative effects on cell fate . Steroid transduction plays a major role in the development and physiology of nearly all metazoan species, and in the progression of the most common forms of cancer. Despite the paramount importance of steroids in developmental and translational biology, a complete map of transcriptional response has not been developed for any hormone . In the case of 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila melanogaster, these trajectories range from apoptosis to immortalization. We mapped the ecdysone transduction network in a cohort of 41 cell lines, the largest such atlas yet assembled. We found that the early transcriptional response mirrors the distinctiveness of physiological origins: genes respond in restricted patterns, conditional on the expression levels of dozens of transcription factors. Only a small cohort of genes is constitutively modulated independent of initial cell state. Ecdysone-responsive genes tend to organize into directional same-stranded units, with consecutive genes induced from the same strand. Here, we identify half of the ecdysone receptor heterodimer as the primary rate-limiting step in the response, and find that initial receptor isoform levels modulate the activated cohort of target transcription factors. This atlas of steroid response reveals organizing principles of gene regulation by a model type II nuclear receptor and lays the foundation for comprehensive and predictive understanding of the ecdysone transduction network in the fruit fly.
Elementary school lunch categorisation and correlations with dietitian recommendations.

Aims:Numerous interventions have been designed to impact children’s diet in the elementary school setting. One popular strategy is to label foods in the elementary cafeteria as more or less healthy...
Thermal Degradation of Extension Springs

Extension springs are used to apply a constant force at a set displacement in a wide variety of components. When subjected to an abnormal thermal event, such as in a fire, the load carrying capacity of these springs can degrade. In this study, relaxation tests were conducted on extension springs where the heating rate and dwell temperature were varied to investigate the reduction in force provided by the springs. Two commonly used spring material types were tested, 304 stainless steel and Elgiloy, a cobalt-chrome-nickel alloy. Challenges associated with obtaining accurate spring response to an abnormal thermal event are discussed. The resulting data can be used to help develop and test models for thermally activated creep in springs and to provide designers with recommendations to help ensure the reliability of the springs for the duration of the thermal event.
The correlation between plasma Visfatin and atherosclerosis,endothelial function

Objective:The aim of the present study was to explore the correlation between plasma Visfatin and atherosclerosis (AS), endothelial function through comparing the plasma levels of Visfatin and endothelial function in mild or severe AS subjects, and evaluate the clinical significance of Visfatin in predicting the development of AS and endothelial dysfunction. Method:Six-two subjects were undergone coronary angiography and ultrasound detection of carotid and brachial artery. The severities of coronary stenosis and carotid atherosclerosis were determined by Gensini score and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), respectively. The flow mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery was also measured by color Doppler ultrasound. Based on the results of coronary angiography and carotid ultrasound, the subjects were classified into three groups: control (no AS), mild AS and severe AS groups. The plasma levels of Visfatin were measured. The correlation between Visfatin and carotid IMT, Gensini score were analyzed. Also, the relation between Visfatin and the FMD of brachial artery were investigated.Result:Plasma level of Visfatin was elevated in both mild and severe AS comparing with the control, and it increased more significantly in severe AS than that in mild AS. Moreover, plasma level of Visfatin was positively correlated with carotid IMT and Gensini whereas negatively correlated with the FMD of brachial artery.Conclusion:The plasma level of Visfatin is closely correlated with the genesis and development of AS and the endothelial function. It might be used as a clinical marker to predict the degree of AS and the status of endothelia function.
Evaluation of a tensiometer to provide objective feedback in knot-tying performance.

Training and assessment methods for knot tying by medical students or residents have traditionally been subjective. Objective methods for evaluating creation of a tied knot should include assessing the strength and quality of the knotted suture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a tensiometer as a feedback device for improving knot-tying performance. Twelve medical students with no knot-tying experience were selected to perform three-throw instrument ties with 00 silk suture. Students were randomly assigned to perform between 10 and 20 baseline knots and then received one of four feedback training conditions followed by 10 completion knots. Subjects were timed, and all knots were pulled in the tensiometer to assess for strength and slippage. Differences between baseline and completed knots for each subject were analyzed with an unpaired t test. Subjects receiving both subjective and tensiometer feedback demonstrated the greatest improvements in knot quality score (KQS) and slip percentage (Subject 1: 0.15 ± 0.9 vs 0.21 ± 0.05, P < 0.04, 75% vs 60%, P = NS; Subject 2: 0.22 ± 0.10 vs 0.29 ± 0.05, P < 0.02, 33% vs 0%, P < 0.05; Subject 3:0.10 ± 0.07 vs 0.25 ± 0.07, P < 0.0001, 60% vs 10%, P < 0.01). Objective assessment of knot-tying performance is possible using the tensiometer device. Introduction of the tensiometer during the learning phase produced improved KQS and slip percentage in most students regardless of the number of baseline knots tied. Greatest improvements in performance were seen when the tensiometer was used in combination with subjective instruction.
Clinical and physiological abnormalities in hepatic function.

This discussion focuses on hepatocellular failure, incorporating physiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment.
Bifurcations and symmetry in two optimal formation control problems for mobile robotic systems

This paper studies bifurcations in the solution structure of an optimal control problem for mobile robotic formation control. In particular, this paper studies a group of mobile robots operating in a two-dimensional environment. Each robot has a predefined initial state and final state and we compute an optimal path between the two states for every robot. The path is optimized with respect to two factors, the control effort and the deviation from a desired “formation,” and a bifurcation parameter gives the relative weight given to each factor. Using an asymptotic analysis, we show that for small values of the bifurcation parameter (corresponding to heavily weighting the control effort) a single unique solution is expected, and that as the bifurcation parameter becomes large (corresponding to heavily weighting maintaining the formation) a large number of solutions is expected. Between the asymptotic extremes, a numerical investigation indicates a solution bifurcation structure with a cascade of increasing numbers of solutions, reminiscent, but not the same as, period-doubling bifurcations leading to chaos in dynamical systems. Furthermore, we show that if the system is symmetric, the bifurcation structure possesses symmetries, and also present a symmetry-breaking example of a non-holonomic system. Knowledge and understanding of the existence and structure of bifurcations in the solutions of this type of formation control problem are important for robotics engineers because common optimization approaches based on gradient-descent are only likely to converge to the single nearest solution, and a more global study provides a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the nature of this important problem in robotics.
What Was I Thinking? Dennett’s Content and Consciousness and the Reality of Propositional Attitudes

Back in the 1980s and 1990s there was a lively debate in the philosophy of mind between realists and anti-realists about propositional attitudes. However, as I argue in this paper, both sides of this debate agreed on a basic assumption: that the truth (or falsehood) of our ascription of propositional attitudes has direct ontological implications four our theories about their nature. In the current paper I argue that such an assumption is false, and that Dennett had hinted at its falsehood in the first part of Content and Consciousness. In an exercise of “counterfactual exegesis”, I suggest that, had this point been acknowledged then, this longstanding debate – which still survives to this date – could have probably been avoided.
In Vitro, In Vivo Candida, Albicans Spheroplast (Protoplast) Studies

Spheroplasts of some fungi have been demonstrated (1), but little information is available about the occurrence of fungal spheroplast in in vivo and its implication in the pathogenesis of disease. However, since bacterial spheroplasts have been implicated in various chronic diseases such as bacteriuria, endocarditis, meningitis and acute recurrent diseases (2, 3), it would be expected that fungal spheroplast may have some role in causing disease. A report by Rosner strongly indicated that the protoplast of C. tropicalis is pathogenic (4). And Pine, et aj noted in biopsy specimens from infected patients, large, spherical, somewhat crenated, thin walled cells and considered them to be wall defective yeast forms of Histoplasma capsulatum (5). In this project we have studied C. albicans spheroplast pathogenicity in the rabbits.
Semi-empirical Model for Fire Spread in Shrubs with Spatially-Defined Fuel Elements and Flames

A semi-empirical model was developed which forms shrub geometries from distinct fuel elements (e.g. leaves) and describes flame spread from element to element. Ignition, flame growth and flame decay patterns were based on combustion data of single leaves. Extension of the model to various heating conditions was achieved by scaling the flame growth parameters using physics-based heat transfer models. The resulting model offers a novel approach to examine fire spread and to explicitly describe both distinct fuel elements and fire behavior. This approach balances computational speed and modeling detail while providing a unique perspective into fire spread phenomena. Comparisons of the tuned model to fire spread behavior measured in an open-roofed wind tunnel benchmarked the model’s ability to simulate fire spread in manzanita shrubs.
Institutions and transaction costs in foreign-local hotel ventures: A grounded investigation in the developing Pacific

Abstract This research investigates how to develop a viable hotel venture where the barriers to both tourism and business development are substantial. To this end, 48 interviews were conducted in a Pacific Island country which lacks a viable tourism industry, while being ranked one of the most difficult places to do business on the planet. Data were collected and analyzed using grounded theory method in conjunction with transaction costs economics as meta-theoretical lens. The grounded theory developed is characterized by a process approach to hotel development called Insider-Outsider Connections and Partnerships (IOCP). As opposed to the status quo approach to foreign-local hotel ventures predicated on idealistic presumptions regarding formal institutions, the IOCP elucidates how transaction costs associated with such ventures can be economized by recognizing, valuing, and utilizing informal institutions. These findings regarding working within, rather than ignoring, the institutional reality provide a revitalized platform for hotel practitioners and researchers alike.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium riegelii.

Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium riegelii strain PUDD_83A45, isolated from the urine of a patient with urinary tract infection. The genome measured 2.56 Mb and contained no plasmid.
Komorbiditätsorientierte Onkologie – ein Überblick

Increasing life expectancy results in an increased number of elderly cancer patients. Comorbidities and functional impairment influence the patient's course of disease and the choice of antineoplastic treatment. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) supports the appraisal of the patient's individual health characteristics, especially due to the fact that chronologic age does not always correlate with the patient's health. Next to the appraisal of comorbidities and functional impairment, nutritional state, cognitive impairment, psychological state, social support, quality of life and the patient's medication are recorded. The Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) recommends the CGA in cancer patients older than seventy years. While planning a systemic antineoplastic therapy, renal, hepatic, cardiac and bone marrow insufficiencies have to be considered. Renal and hepatic impairment often cause in dose reduced antineoplastic treatment, whereas in patients with cardiac insufficiency liposomale substances and in patients with decreased bone marrow function growth factors are available. Additionally to the oncological treatment, an early involvement of palliative care specialists should be considered.
Defence Perspectives on Fairness and Efficiency at the International Criminal Court

Over the last several years, states parties of the International Criminal Court (ICC) have put increasing pressure on the court to become more efficient. Proceedings are seen as unduly slow, and judges have been urged to rein in the parties and expedite the process. The emphasis on efficiency can advance important goals of the ICC. It can help ensure defendants’ right to a speedy trial, promote victims’ interests in closure, and allow the court to process more cases with limited resources. But as the experience of earlier international criminal tribunals shows, an unrelenting pursuit of efficiency could also interfere with other values of the criminal process, such as the protection of individual rights and the search for truth. This book chapter examines how the sharper focus on expediting proceedings at the ICC has affected defense rights and interests. Have judges, in an effort to increase the court’s efficiency, limited defense opportunities to present and examine witnesses, to review disclosure, or to file interlocutory appeals? Have concerns about cost led the court to impose unwarranted restrictions on defense investigations? Have judges urged the defense to disclose its case early on or to settle any aspects of the case with the prosecution? To begin an exploration of these questions, the chapter analyzes the findings of a survey of international criminal defense attorneys about their views of ICC procedures. While survey respondents expressed some concerns about procedural unfairness at the court, they did not believe that judges’ preoccupation with efficiency was the cause of the unfairness. Likewise, while they complained about insufficient financial and institutional support for defense work, respondents tended to place responsibility for these decisions on the Registry and States Parties, not on judges. Perhaps most surprisingly, respondents stated that certain judicial efforts to expedite proceedings—demanding earlier disclosure, filtering out charges more aggressively, and restricting victim participation—could favor defense rights. Defense attorneys could therefore leverage the court’s emphasis on expeditiousness to advocate for greater judicial regulation of prosecutorial activities.
The ACA Medicaid Expansion, Disproportionate Share Hospitals, and Uncompensated Care

Objective To estimate the effect of the first full year of the ACA Medicaid expansion on hospital provision of uncompensated care, with special attention paid to hospitals that treat a disproportionate share of low-income patients. Data Sources Data from a balanced panel of short-term, general, nonfederal, Medicare-certified hospitals were obtained from Medicare cost reports from 2011 to 2014. Study Design/Study Setting A series of difference-in-differences analyses were performed using hospitals in nonexpansion states as the control group. The dependent variable is hospital provision of uncompensated care. Data Collection/Extraction Methods The data were downloaded from the National Bureau of Economic Research website. Principal Findings The Medicaid expansion significantly reduced hospital provision of uncompensated care in 2014. In particular, within expansion states, DSH hospitals saw reductions beyond those experienced by non-DSH hospitals. Conclusions Evidence from this study indicates that the Medicaid expansion served to widen an already broad gap in provision of uncompensated care between hospitals in expansion and nonexpansion states. In addition, within expansion states, variation in uncompensated care between hospitals that treat a disproportionate share of low-income patients and those that do not was reduced, with the former experiencing significantly larger reductions. Lawmakers considering expanding Medicaid and those deciding appropriate levels of DSH payments should consider these findings.
An Analysis of Help-Seeking Patterns Among College Student Victims of Sexual Assault, Dating Violence, and Stalking:

Despite the negative outcomes associated with sexual assault (SA), dating violence (DV), and stalking victimization, many victims, particularly college students, do not seek help for these crimes. To date, the majority of help-seeking research has focused on one form of victimization, despite substantial evidence that many victims experience more than one form of interpersonal violence. In addition to consideration of such polyvictims, intervention efforts to increase help-seeking to improve victim outcomes may benefit from a clearer understanding of overlapping predictors of help-seeking across victimization types. Using the health belief model (HBM) as a guiding framework, the current study examined predictors of help-seeking for SA, DV, and stalking in a college student sample. Data were collected via a multiyear anonymous email survey of general health and well-being. Demographic predictors of help-seeking and severity indicators informed by the HBM were evaluated across violence types. In addition to replicating previous work, results provided support for the HBM, such that a number of severity indicators, particularly those representing overlap across victimization types, predicted help-seeking at the multivariate level. Results also provide new evidence for overlap of barriers to help-seeking across violence types, with victim's belief that the incident was not serious enough the most commonly reported reason for not seeking help across all three types of victimization. This overlap may provide opportunities for consolidating prevention and intervention efforts across victimization types.
Molecular Genetics of Colorectal Neoplasia

Modern molecular genetic techniques applied to human cancers have shown that cancer is a genetic disease. This is particularly obvious in the development of colorectal cancer because colorectal neoplasia usually follows a predictable developmental sequence and genetic events accompany each step. The histological sequence starts with hyperproliferation of the colorectal mucosa, leading to an aberrant crypt focus (ACF). These are the smallest visible forms of neoplasia. From such an area arises the benign precursor of colorectal cancer, the adenomatous polyp. A small fraction of adenomas progress along a pathway of increasingly severe dysplasia, ultimately becoming invasive (malignant) and then metastasizing. This pathway is followed by both inherited and sporadic colorectal cancers, illustrating the clonal evolution underlying the progression (Figure 6.1).
High throughput HLA sequence-based typing (SBT) utilizing the ABI Prism 3700 DNA Analyzer.

Aims and background The genetic complexity of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has required the development of various molecular typing methods. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results of two of these molecular methods: sequenced based typing (SBT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). Methods The SBT method described utilizes an ABI Prism 3700 DNA Analyzer, which has been designed fro high throughput production of sequence data through highly automated operation with significant walk-away time. The ABI Prism 3700 DNA Analyzer is a 96-capillary electrophoresis instrument with the capability of running four 96-well plates black to back in a sixteen-hour period. Potentially, data from this machine can produce Class I sequences for A or B loci for 64 samples in this time frame. The SBT method encompassed exons 2, 3, and 4 with forward and reverse sequence orientation reactions using the PE Biosystems HLA-A and HLA-B Sequenced Based Typing Kits (PE Applied Biopsystems/Perkin-Elmer, Foster City, CA, USA). Most SBT methods previously employed only gather data from exons 2 and 3 which distinguishes most of the polymorphism necessary to identify the majority of alleles in the HLA region. However, in an effort to discern numerous null alleles in the HLA region, exon 4 data is also included. The PCR-SSP method utilized consists of one 96 well tray, with 95 primer mixes and one negative control, per sample designed to produce an intermediate/high resolution HLA-A, B typing. Results Data from one 96-well capillary run on the ABI Prism 3700 DNA Analyzer, which consists of results from 16 samples for HLA-A or HLA-B loci, was compared to data derived from sixteen HLA-A and HLA-B PCR-SSP typings. 75% of loci tested achieved a higher resolution HLA typing by the SBT method. Discussion The ability to provide allele level HLA typing results can have significant functional implications for the bone marrow transplant community and numerous vaccine studies.
Bio-inspired multi-agent search algorithms for locating and sampling environment threats

A bio-inspired multi-agent search algorithm design is presented with the goal of improving search patterns and methodologies for autonomous radiological and multi-mode sample collection. Specifically, this paper describes a search algorithm and experiments with a search parameter of a Honey Bee inspired multi-agent swarm search technique. A performance analysis of a communication parameter is analyzed of this algorithm and shows that limiting the communication between agents results in approximately 20% more unique flowers sampled but at a cost of 61% more time. In this heterogeneous swarm, the desired worker bee percentage is shown to be about 90% with or without communication for maximizing the number of flowers (environment sites) visited.
Monte Carlo with Absorbing Markov Chains: A Faster Monte-Carlo Algorithm for Dynamical Studies

A new Monte Carlo algorithm is introduced which combines Monte Carlo with absorbing Markov chains (MCAMC). With a few additional assumptions, the simplest form of the MCAMC algorithm corresponds to the n-fold way algorithm. The MCAMC algorithm is applied to the study of the escape from the metastable state of the square-lattice Ising ferromagnet. Results agree with both continuum and discrete droplet theory.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory Tract

The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract is quite complex. Each anatomic segment performs in concert with the others and is accountable for a wide variety of physiological responsibilities. These responsibilities vary with rest or exercise, disease or health. Throughout this book, the reader will discover that the respiratory tract is a delicate and complicated system that can be involved in a number of disease processes. An understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract is critical to understanding this elaborate system to maintain respiratory health and treat respiratory diseases.
Protein Synthesis Patterns During Early Amphibian Embryogenesis

Changes in two-dimensional (2-D) gel protein synthesis patterns during the development of Ambystoma mexicanum and Xenopus laevis embryos were cataloged. Proteins which appear to be synthesized only during specific developmental stages were identified and a comparison of those results was made to similar types of analyses previously reported in the literature. It was concluded that neither species displayed changes in 2-D gel patterns during oocyte maturation. At fertilization, however, synthesis of some oogenic proteins ceased temporarily but resumed later in development. In Xenopus eggs the synthesis of several novel proteins was detected at fertilization. Later, during gastrulation, several additional novel proteins were also synthesized. During axolotl gastrulation, even more dramatic changes occurred. Ten percent of the proteins detected at earlier stages ceased synthesis at gastrulation. Furthermore, 10% of the proteins synthesized at gastrulation were novel. Some of them are specific to different tissues of the embryo. The actins and tubulins were also identified on the 2-D gels and their synthesis was monitored during axolotl development.
Treatment outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young adults.

Abstract Objectives The natural history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity (OC) in young adults is unknown. We sought to provide an updated report on treatment outcomes of patients with OC SCC who were 40 years or younger. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 124 consecutive patients with primary OC SCC treated at Mayo Clinic (1980–2014). Patient and tumor characteristics and treatment approach were abstracted from patient charts. Results Median patient age was 35 years (range, 19–40 years). The most common primary site was oral tongue (107 patients; 86.3%). Most patients (101; 81.5%) underwent wide local excision. Surgery alone was curative in 77 patients (62.1%); 47 (37.9%) received radiotherapy, and 26 (21%) received chemotherapy. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 78.1%; 10-year OS was 76.9%. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 66.6%; 5-year local control was 87.6%; and 5-year locoregional control was 78.5%. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with worse OS and DFS were higher pathologic T stage (P = .008), lymph node positivity (P Conclusion Young adults with primary OC SCC may be treated with a similar treatment approach as older adults.
A new collision model for ellipsoidal particles in shear flow

Abstract All natural and a growing number of manufactured solid particles are non-spherical. Interesting fluid–particle dynamics applications include the transport of granular material, piling of seeds or grains, inhalation of toxic aerosols, use of nanofluids for enhanced cooling or improved lubrication, and optimal drug-targeting of tumors. A popular approach for computer simulations of such scenarios is the multi-sphere (MS) method, where any non-spherical particle is represented by an assemblage of spheres. However, the MS approach may lead to multiple sphere-to-sphere contact points during collision, and subsequently to erroneous particle transport and deposition. In cases where non-spherical particles can be approximated as ellipsoids with arbitrary aspect ratios, a new theory for particle transport, collision and wall interaction is presented which is more accurate computationally and more efficient than the MS method. In general, with the new ellipsoidal particle interaction (EPI) model, contact points and planes of ellipsoids, rather than spheres, are obtained based on a geometric potential algorithm. Then, interaction forces and torques of the colliding particles are determined via inscribed ‘pseudo-spheres’, employing the soft-particle approach. The off-center forces and moments are then transferred to the mass center of the ellipsoids to solve the appropriate translatory and angular equations of motion. Considering ellipses to illustrate the workings and predictive power of the new collision model, turbulent fluid–particle flow with the EPI model in a 2-D channel is simulated and compared with 3-D numerical benchmark results which relied on the MS method. The 2-D concentrations of micron particles with different aspect ratios matched closely with the 3-D cases. However, interesting differences occurred when comparing the particle-velocity profiles for which the 2-D EPI model generated somewhat larger particle velocities due to out-of-plane collisions, slightly higher particle–wall interactions, and two-way coupling effects.
AgentBuddy: an IR System based on Bandit Algorithms to Reduce Cognitive Load for Customer Care Agents

We describe a human-in-the loop system - AgentBuddy, that is helping Intuit improve the quality of search it offers to its internal Customer Care Agents (CCAs). AgentBuddy aims to reduce the cognitive effort on part of the CCAs while at the same time boosting the quality of our legacy federated search system. Under the hood, it leverages bandit algorithms to improve federated search and other ML models like LDA, Siamese networks to help CCAs zero in on high quality search results. An intuitive UI designed ground up working with the users (CCAs) is another key feature of the system. AgentBuddy has been deployed internally and initial results from User Acceptance Trials indicate a 4x lift in quality of highlights compared to the incumbent system.
Implementing primary palliative care best practices in critical care with the Care and Communication Bundle

Background Clinician–family communication is a central component of medical decision-making in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the quality of this communication has a direct impact on decisions made regarding care for patients who are critically ill. Aim The purpose of the project was to emphasise the need for quality improvement in the medical ICU at the University of Florida Health Hospital in regard to communication between the patients, families and providers. Method Interventions included development of a more systemic approach to primary palliative care by using the nationally recognised and published Care and Communication Bundle tool. The Bundle is a standardised clinical pathway of palliative care best practices. Results During the project period, staff satisfaction/engagement increased from tier 3 to tier 1 level, the medical ICU length of stay decreased from 4.97 days in fiscal year (FY) 2016 to 4.22 days in FY2017. Moreover, the number of patients discharged directly to hospice increased from 21 in FY2016 to 42 in FY2017, representing a 100% increase. Additionally, palliative care consults decreased in the medical ICU (FY2016=108, FY2017=82), as a result of an increase in daily primary palliative care interventions. The findings demonstrate an improvement in outcome measures during the project.
The role of molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapy in head and neck cancer

Abstract Treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has grown increasingly more complex with the development of new immunotherapy agents as well as novel combinations of immunotherapy with existing cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted agents. With the advent of new immunotherapy agents, the overall survival of patients with metastatic disease continues to improve, although there is still an unmet need for patients with continued disease progression. Immunochemotherapy may offer additional benefits with increased response rate as well as durable response. The combination of both immunotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy may also offer an improved toxicity profile while improving efficacy, although clinical trials are ongoing, and the data is still maturing. Further investigations into biomarker testing and new scoring systems of PD-L1 expression levels are still being evaluated. Traditionally, the tumor positive score (TPS) had been utilized as a benchmark for defining patient populations; however, emerging data using a combined positive score (CPS) may offer additional insight regarding the benefit of PD-1 inhibitors.
Orbital Edge Computing: Nanosatellite Constellations as a New Class of Computer System

Advances in nanosatellite technology and a declining cost of access to space have fostered an emergence of large constellations of sensor-equipped satellites in low-Earth orbit. Many of these satellite systems operate under a "bent-pipe" architecture, in which ground stations send commands to orbit and satellites reply with raw data. In this work, we observe that a bent-pipe architecture for Earth-observing satellites breaks down as constellation population increases. Communication is limited by the physical configuration and constraints of the system over time, such as ground station location, nanosatellite antenna size, and energy harvested on orbit. We show quantitatively that nanosatellite constellation capabilities are determined by physical system constraints. We propose an Orbital Edge Computing (OEC) architecture to address the limitations of a bent-pipe architecture. OEC supports edge computing at each camera-equipped nanosatellite so that sensed data may be processed locally when downlinking is not possible. In order to address edge processing latencies, OEC systems organize satellite constellations into computational pipelines. These pipelines parallelize both data collection and data processing based on geographic location and without the need for cross-link coordination. OEC satellites explicitly model constraints of the physical environment via a runtime service. This service uses orbit parameters, physical models, and ground station positions to trigger data collection, predict energy availability, and prepare for communication. We show that an OEC architecture can reduce ground infrastructure over 24x compared to a bent-pipe architecture, and we show that pipelines can reduce system edge processing latency over 617x.
Weak-Interaction Effects in η → π + π − γ

Parity-violating effects due to the strangeness-conserving nonleptonic weak interaction are studied in the process $\ensuremath{\eta}({X}^{0})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The circular polarization and the parity-violating linear polarization are calculated in the framework of the Cabibbo theory by using a pole model for the strong and electromagnetic interactions. The isoscalar ($\ensuremath{\sim}{cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}$) and isovector ($\ensuremath{\sim}{sin}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}$) components of the weak Hamiltonian are found to give comparable contributions. The magnitude of the circular polarization is obtained to be (1-5) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ and the linear polarization, being dependent on final-state interactions, is smaller by nearly two orders of magnitude. In theories with a large isovector component in the weak nonleptonic Hamiltonian (theories involving neutral currents or second-class currents) the circular polarization can be larger, an estimate giving (1-3) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$.
Grey model prediction of occupational diseases in Changsha

Objective: To understand and predict the situation of occupational diseases in Changsha, and to provide theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of occupational diseases prevention, control strategies and measures. Methods: In April 2019, the data of occupational diseases incidences from 2010 to 2018 were collected. The original GM (1, 1) grey model and buffer operator improved model were established, and compared their prediction effect. The model with the smallest average relative error was selected to predict the incidence of occupational diseases during 2019-2023. Results: The relative accuracy of the original GM (1, 1) grey model and the first-order and second-order buffer operator improved model were 80.92%, 97.71%, 99.64%, respectively. And the c values were 0.74, 0.28, 0.09, and the P values were 0.67, 1.00, 1.00, respectively. It was predicted that the incidence number of occupational diseases in Changsha during 2019-2023 would be 40, 39, 39, 38, 37, respectively. Conclusion: The buffer operator improved model is suitable for the prediction of the original data series with high volatility, and it can fit the incidence of occupational diseases in Changsha.
Salamanderbot: A soft-rigid composite continuum mobile robot to traverse complex environments

Soft robots are theoretically well-suited to rescue and exploration applications where their flexibility allows for the traversal of highly cluttered environments. However, most existing mobile soft robots are not fast or powerful enough to effectively traverse three dimensional environments. In this paper, we introduce a new mobile robot with a continuously deformable slender body structure, the SalamanderBot, which combines the flexibility and maneuverability of soft robots, with the speed and power of traditional mobile robots. It consists of a cable-driven bellows-like origami module based on the Yoshimura crease pattern mounted between sets of powered wheels. The origami structure allows the body to deform as necessary to adapt to complex environments and terrains, while the wheels allow the robot to reach speeds of up to 303.1 mm/s (2.05 body-length/s). Salamanderbot can climb up to 60-degree slopes and perform sharp turns with a minimum turning radius of 79.9 mm (0.54 body-length).
Do Tourists from Different Countries Interpret Travel Experience with the Same Feeling? Sentiment Analysis of TripAdvisor Reviews

National parks attract millions of tourists to enjoy the beauty of nature. The opinions and feelings expressed by tourists in their reviews through social media significantly impact other visitors’ tourism-related decisions. Notably, tourists from different countries visiting the same park may express different sentiments and post different experiences. It is not clear if those differences could be attributed to the differences in sentiment analysis software for different languages, or they reflect existing variability in culturally defined tourists’ sentiments. To address this question, this study analyzed 27,177 TripAdvisor Grand Canyon, US reviews from visitors arriving from ten different countries with the goal of identification of sentiment differences. We found that while all reviews tend to be positive, there are significant regional differences with European and Japanese tourists routinely expressing lesser satisfaction from their visit. We also found differences in the sentiment expressed in different regions of the same country, such as the north and south of Italy. Overall, we suggest that social media reflects the real differences in the sentiment of visitors coming from different origins.
ON DEMAND: Managing Online Weekly Assessment & Saving You Time (15 mins)

Studies indicate that online teaching takes more instructional time than traditional classes. Online instructors often spend a greater amount of time grading students’ weekly work and giving timely feedback. How can we reduce this time so more may be spent on communication and feedback? Instructors should facilitate meaningful practice before high-stakes assessments. In an online course, content is typically chunked into units that can be assessed. The challenge is balancing the frequency of that assessment. This session focuses on the time sinks of accessing and viewing student work and grading that work.My courses have a series of weekly exercises posted within Blackboard. Students watch videos and take notes or follow along with video tutorials. These exercises replace in-class activities and are worth points. These exercises always produce some artifact that can be assessed, a 3d model or drawing in my case, but other topics could easily produce written responses. The weekly exercises provide multiple benefits.They 1) incentivize students to stay on schedule and to do the required materials. 2) Provide an early warning system. Students who haven’t done the exercises will get a querying email.3) Provide practice before high-stakes assessment.4) Offer frequent assessment of student work. Wrangling weekly submissions in Grade Center is slow and tedious. It also can clutter grade center with dozens of grade columns. Solve these issues by having students submit their work to aggregation points outside of grade center. Use Bb discussion forums or OneDrive shares to access student work with each student getting their own named folder or thread. Pros and cons for different shares will be discussed. Each of these provides a sequential artifact of a student’s work over the semester that can easily be browsed and commented on. Instructors can reply to these threads if feedback is needed.
Coexpression of Lyb-2 and Mac-1 by Murine Lymphomas and Subpopulations of Normal Spleen and Bone Marrow Cells

The earliest indication of commitment to the B lymphocyte pathway of differentiation is probably the functional rearrangement of a single immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene. The phenotypic characteristics of these B cell progenitors have not been determined, but their progeny, termed pre-B cells, are known to have rearrangements of both heavy chain genes and to express cell surface antigens Lyb-2 and Ly5(B220) (1,2). Two subpopulations of pre-B cells can be distinguished based on difference in size, rearrrangement of Ig light chain genes, and expression of the cell surface antigen, ThB. Early pre-B cells are large, have no Ig light chain rearrangements and are ThB- whereas their progeny are smaller, have rearranged at least one of their light chain genes, and are ThB+ (1).
The class politics of domestic violence

The claim is often voiced that wife abuse is a problem that cuts across all social and economic lines. Yet there is considerable research evidence suggesting an inverse relationship between wife abuse and the socioeconomic status of both victims and perpetrators. The question of the relevance of social class has generally been construed as a factual one, in principle resolvable by collecting more and better data. Doing a participant observation study of a treatment programme for men who batter, the author was forced to bracket the objective, empirical question, but freed to see how certain ideological practices worked to keep class seen-but-unnoticed. The abstract terms and categories of the dominant discourse of abuse were deployed in ways that subsumed and subdued the men's own experiences of themselves and their lives. In this way the particular local setting was bound to the relations of ruling of patriarchal capitalism. The approaches of peacemaking criminology and restorative justice offer possibilities for alternative, more effective responses to men's violence against women
The Effect of Substituted Naphthalenes on the Pilosebaceous Apparatus of Rabbit and Man1

Although the effects of highly chlorinated naphthalene compounds on the pilosebaceous apparatus of man have been observed repeatedly since Herxheimer described chloracne, few reports of experimental production of the syndrome in man have been available until recently (1, 6, 10). Suskind (10) in a series of studies in 1954 produced definite changes in the forearm skin after 10 days of topical application of 20 per cent Halowax 1014 f in Plastibase}. Histologically, beginning about the fourth or fifth day, there was evidence of follicular reaction without appreciable effect on sebaceous glands. In studying the responses of the pilosebaceous structure of the rabbit's ear canal skin (5), it was observed that definite stimulation of the follicular wall and sebaceous gland duct epithelium with striking diminution of sebaceous glands occurred within five to seven days following daily topical application of 3 per cent Halowax 1014 in acetone. Regrowth of normal sebaceous glands occurred following discontinuance of the applications.
Distributions of Audit-Detected Errors Partitioned by Internal Control:

This research reports on the properties of audit-detected errors in accounting populations, including the relationship of those errors with levels of internal control, and whether the errors were booked or waived. As expected, the average number of errors was greater in weak internal control systems than in strong systems. In general, larger errors were discovered in accounts with larger balances and, as such, the size of the error was positively correlated with the size of the company. When the error was scaled by a company-specific deflator, the size of the relative error decreased with increased size of the company. This finding is consistent with the observation that larger companies tend to have stronger control systems. Comparison of the error distributions between weak and strong internal control systems exhibited significant differences. Further, the larger the relative error, the more likely it was booked. In general, the results provide preliminary empirical support for many of the previously un...