cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Natural Examples of Grasping

The hand has been extensively studied in the medical literature and a great deal is now known about how nerves, tendons and muscles control the fingers. It can be an invaluable source of inspiration in designing and controlling grippers, provided we recognize that some attributes of the human hand may not be required, or even desirable, in a manufacturing environment. There is a tendency to suppose that advanced manufacturing grippers should copy the human hand, since it is the most versatile gripper we know.7 But the hand has evolved over millions of years as an organ used as much for sensation and communication as for manipulation.
Difficult Decisions: Staying, Leaving

So many people ask, “Why doesn’t she just leave?” Those who have been in abusive relationships or work with those entangled in such relationships know that leaving is not as easy or straightforward as it sounds. Both staying and leaving can be very complicated, both emotionally and strategically, and dangerous. Children, along with financial and safety considerations, are often central to deciding whether to stay or leave—and how to leave once and for all. Presenting a number of women’s stories as they reflect upon the difficult process of leaving as well as staying, this chapter also includes interviews from family members whose loved ones were murdered in the process of staying in and attempting to leave abusive relationships. With greater understanding of the dynamics involved, a critical question focuses not so much on women’s decision-making but on men’s choices; this reframes the question of “why does she stay?” to “why does he abuse”?
Vitamin E Deficiency Familial Ataxic Syndrome

A total of 8 members of two consanguineous Tunisian families affected with Friedreich’s ataxia (FA) phenotype not linked to chromosome 9 were found to have very low levels of serum vitamin E (0.5 mcg/ml cf 8 mcg/ml in controls) in a study at the Institut National de Neurologie, Tunis, and at Centers in Cyprus and France.
Influence of the probe when computing far field from near field measurements

A comparison of the calculated antenna patterns using near field data from measurements using a probe and without a probe is presented to illustrate the effects of the probe in the field evaluations. The equivalent magnetic current approach is used to calculate the far field using the near field data both with and without a probe in the measurement system. For the results presented the probe appears to have minimal effects.
Abstract 3672: Semaphorin 4D in human head & neck cancer: A promising predictive biomarker for the peri-tumoral stromal phenotype

Semaphorin 4D in human head and neck cancer: A promising predictive biomarker for the peri-tumoral stromal phenotype The search for biomarkers that can predict the tumor stromal phenotype in cancer patients is a challenge in the field. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), known for its various effects in the nervous, vascular and immune system, plays an important role in regulating pro and anti-inflammatory responses. It is over-expressed in Head and Neck cancer (HNC) as well as in other epithelial malignancies. We have recently described that HNC-associated Sema4D modulates the inflammatory profile to an immune-suppressive phenotype by inducing the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of Sema4D as a biomarker for immune suppression in human HNC tissue and sera. Immunohistochemistry showed Sema4D+ve/high tumors to correlate positively with Stage III disease (p=0.014), and nodal metastasis (p=0.117). Sema4D+ve/high tumors correlated directly with dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stroma (p=0.0001) and inversely with tumor-associated inflammatory cells (TAIs) (p=0.0006). Knockdown of Sema4D in HNC cell lines resulted in significant reduction of TGF-β1 production (p=0.0016). Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells inversely correlated with the programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1) positive tumors. Finally, Sema4D was detected in sera of HNC patients at higher levels compared to healthy donors (p References: 1. Younis RH, Han KL and Webb TJ. Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Associated Semaphorin 4D Induces Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. J Immunol. 2016; 196(3):1419-1429. 2. Basile JR, Castilho RM, Williams VP and Gutkind JS. Semaphorin 4D provides a link between axon guidance processes and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006; 103(24):9017-9022. 3. Gajewski TF. The Next Hurdle in Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming the Non-T-Cell-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment. Semin Oncol. 2015; 42(4):663-671. 4. Fisher TL, Reilly CA, Winter LA, Pandina T, Jonason A, Scrivens M, Balch L, Bussler H, Torno S, Seils J, Mueller L, Huang H, Klimatcheva E, Howell A, Kirk R, Evans E, et al. Generation and preclinical characterization of an antibody specific for SEMA4D. MAbs. 2016; 8(1):150-162. Citation Format: Rania H. Younis, Roshanak Derakhshandeh, Ahmed Sultan, Haiyan Chen, Kyu Lee Han, Tonya J. Webb. Semaphorin 4D in human head & neck cancer: A promising predictive biomarker for the peri-tumoral stromal phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3672. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3672
Management of Acute Unilateral Nondisplaced Subaxial Cervical Facet Fractures.

Background Few studies have focused on the management of patients with nondisplaced cervical facet fractures. Objective To determine the rate of successful nonoperative management and risk factors for instability in patients with acute traumatic, unilateral, nondisplaced cervical facet fractures. Methods We reviewed patients with single or multilevel unilateral nondisplaced or minimally displaced subaxial cervical facet fractures between 2008 and 2014. Facet fractures were classified as type A1 fractures: superior facet fracture of caudal vertebra; type A2: inferior facet fracture of rostral vertebral; and type A3: floating lateral mass (fracture of pedicle and vertical laminar fracture). All patients were given a trial of nonoperative management with external immobilization using a hard cervical collar. Follow-up clinical data and cervical spine radiographs were analyzed to determine factors associated with instability. Results Thirty-five patients (34 males, mean age 40.2 ± 2.4 yr) were reviewed. The mean follow-up duration was 2.7 ± 0.4 mo. The distribution of fracture types was type A1 (n = 15), type A2 (n = 4), type A3 (n = 5), type A1 and A2 fractures (n = 10), and type A1 and A3 fractures (n = 1). Nonoperative management was successful in 29 patients (82.9%), and 6 patients developed instability requiring surgery. All patients who failed nonoperative management had associated injuries suggesting a more severe mechanism of injury. No significant association was found between the type of facet fracture and outcome (Fisher's exact test, P = .18). Conclusion In our series, more than 80% of the patients with unilateral, nondisplaced cervical facet fractures underwent successful nonoperative management in the short term.
Teaching Publishing in Medical Education—An Overview

As a recognized leader in medical education and biomedical research, the University of Michigan Medical School is committed to preparing academic physicians and scientists for leadership roles at the bedside, at the bench, and in health care as a whole. While there are many programs that encourage students to conduct research, there have been very few, if any, established programs that train students to effectively evaluate and communicate the results of their research. As part of the newly integrated medical school curriculum, the principles of open science and open dissemination of scholarly content are taught in courses as well as through practical experience. Students are afforded opportunities to work on publishing projects, including journals, books, and content applications. With strong faculty and staff support, active and committed publishing partners, and an essential role within the new Medical School curriculum, the importance of teaching publishing will continue to grow, preparing students for the publishing responsibilities that come with a professional academic career.
Improved memory devices for synthetic cells.

Synthetic biologists have long sought to make cells more like computers. This is not because they think cells will be more efficient than silicon—current microelectronics make excellent computers and are less messy than cell cultures—but instead because synthetic cells can interface with biology to perform biochemical tasks. Synthetic cells might one day be capable of attacking tumors or releasing site-specific drugs inside the human body. But to carry out these tasks, synthetic biologists must be able to program cells much in the same way we program computers—by providing them with decision-making capabilities based on inputs. Indeed, prototypes of many of the genetic parts necessary for turning cells into biocomputers have been constructed, including transcriptional logic gates ( 1 ), timers ( 2 , 3 ), counters ( 4 ), memory devices ( 5 , 6 ), tunable sensors ( 7 , 8 ), and even in vitro DNA systems that can perform complex calculations ( 9 ). On page 169 of this issue, Tang and Liu ( 10 ) expand the capabilities of cellular computers by engineering a new memory device that records events directly onto DNA.
Of lads and ear’oles: School, work, and the microsociology of social reproduction:

This article draws on structural symbolic interactionism (SSI) to extend Willis’s insights into social reproduction and social mobility. Willis contrasts the lads with the ear’oles – working-class ...
BINDING OF CHOLINERGIC LIGANDS TO ELECTROPLAXES AND BRAIN TISSUES

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights acetylcholine receptors (ACR) of different kinds and describes the molecular basis of their actions. There has been progress toward identification of ACR in subcellular preparations from four tissues. As receptor is only unambiguously identified in intact cells, a number of criteria are to be met to believe that ACR is present in any given subcellular preparations. These criteria include the ability to bind the right drugs with appropriate affinity; the appropriate reversibility and quantity of such binding; and the location of such binding in suitable tissues and in suitable locations within those tissues. The tissues involved are electroplax from Torpedo and Electrophorus , and heads from houseflies, Musca domestica . The chapter reports on findings with fractions from whole brain of rats. The radioactive ligands employed are all familiar except for muscarone, which is the keto analog of muscarine, and is highly stimulatory on both the nicotinic and muscarinic variety of ACR.
Causal sets: Discrete gravity

These are some notes in lieu of the lectures I was scheduled to give, but had to cancel at the last moment. In some places, they are more complete, in others much less so, regrettably. I hope they at least give a feel for the subject and convey some of the excitement felt at the moment by those of us working on it.
Experimental design and quality loss function

“The basic problem of experimental design is deciding what pattern of design points will best reveal aspect of the situation of interest” [1; p. 298]. One must therefore strive to know how the experimentally measured response, say y, depends on the input variables which are to be sampled in the experiment; we denote these variables by x 1 ,…, x k - The response function may be written as $$ y = f({x_1},...,x{}_k) + e $$ (18.1) where x 1 ,…, x k are quantitative variables like time, temperature, an amount of a chemical component, etc., and y is a quantitative feature, the yield; e is the experimental error. Suppose we conduct N experiments. This means that we determine samples x 1 = x iλ in the λ th experiment (1 ≤ λ ≤ N) and measure the response y = y λ. Each experiment incurs error e = e λ. We seek to determine the response surface f. The most commonly chosen response surfaces are linear functions (multilinear regressions) $$ y = {\beta_0} + {\beta_1}{x_1} + ... + {\beta_k}{x_k} + e $$ (18.2) here the coefficients β 0, β 1,...,β k need to be determined. This is done by minimizing the sum of the squares of the deviations \(\sum\limits_{{\lambda = 1}}^N {\left( y \right.} \lambda - \sum\limits_{{i = 0}}^k {{\beta_i}} {\left. {{x_{{i\lambda }}}} \right)^2}\) where we set x 0λ ≡ 1.
Neurologic complications of kidney transplantation

Renal transplant is the most common organ transplant in the United States, and the frequency of kidney transplants continues to rise as transplant offers improved survival and quality of life compared to dialysis. However, complications are not uncommon and patients frequently encounter issues requiring hospitalization, especially in the first year postoperatively. Complications that arise are typically related to surgical complications, immunosuppressive medications, or infection due to immunosuppression. Neurological complications are fairly common post-operatively, and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in this population. This review discusses the most common etiologies of neurological complications after kidney transplant, including infection, malignancy, medication related, acute neuropathy, and other neurological pathology.
Design. Modeling, and Nonlinear Model Predictive Tracking Control of a Novel Autonomous Surface Vehicle

In this paper, we present the design, modeling, and real-time nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) of an autonomous robotic boat. The robot is easy to manufacture, highly maneuverable, and capable of accurate trajectory tracking in both indoor and outdoor environments. In particular, a cross type four-thruster configuration is proposed for the robotic boat to produce efficient holonomic motions. The robot prototype is rapidly 3D-printed and then sealed by adhering several layers of fiberglass. To achieve accurate tracking control, we formulate an NMPC strategy for the four-control-input boat with control input constraints, where the nonlinear dynamic model includes a Coriolis and centripetal matrix, the hydrodynamic added mass, and damping. By integrating “GPS” modules and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) into the robot, we demonstrate accurate trajectory tracking of the robotic boat along preplanned paths in both a swimming pool and a natural river. Furthermore, the code generation strategy employed in our paper yields a two order of magnitude improvement in the run time of the NMPC algorithm compared to similar systems. The robot is designed to form the basis for surface swarm robotics testbeds, on which collective algorithms for surface transportation and self-assembly of dynamic floating infrastructures can be assessed.
Mice no longer immune to immunomodulatory drugs.

In this issue of Blood, Fink et al report that a single amino acid change in cereblon (CRBN), the direct target of thalidomide and its derivatives, confers sensitivity to immunomodulatory drugs in mice.1
Centralized Decisionmaking in the Administration of Groundwater Rights: The Experience of Arizona, California and New Mexico and Suggestions for the Future

Arizona, California, and New Mexico represent three different legal and administrative ground water environments and current level of centralized statewide control over ground water pumping. New Mexico relies on prior appropriation and a permit system; California on the correlative rights doctrine and no centralized control; and Arizona on a reasonable-use doctrine that just recently vested power in a department of water resources. The author summarizes each of the state's ground water laws, then describes a survey of the opinions of interest groups representing major ground water pumpers toward different types of administrative arrangements. The survey suggests that ground water users are more afraid of the form that centralized administration will take than with the concept. 321 references.
PDC1, a pyruvate/α‐ketoacid decarboxylase, is involved in acetaldehyde, propanal and pentanal biosynthesis in melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit

Plant pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC) catalyze the decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetaldehyde and CO2 and are well known to play a key role in energy supply via fermentative metabolism in oxygen-limiting conditions. In addition to their role in fermentation, plant PDCs have also been hypothesized to be involved in aroma formation although, to date, there is no direct biochemical evidence for this function. We investigated the role of PDCs in fruit volatile biosynthesis, and identified a melon pyruvate decarboxylase, PDC1, that is highly expressed in ripe fruits. In vitro biochemical characterization of the recombinant PDC1 enzyme showed that it could not only decarboxylate pyruvate, but that it also had significant activity toward other straight- and branched-chain α-ketoacids, greatly expanding the range of substrates previously known to be accepted by the plant enzyme. RNAi-mediated transient and stable silencing of PDC1 expression in melon showed that this gene is involved in acetaldehyde, propanal and pentanal production, while it does not contribute to branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-derived aldehyde biosynthesis in melon fruit. Importantly, our results not only demonstrate additional functions for the PDC enzyme, but also challenge the long standing hypothesis that PDC is involved in BCAA-derived aldehyde formation in fruit.
Granular Computing

Granular computing is a new style of computing where applications are composed of large numbers (thousands to millions) of very short-lived (10-100μs) tasks. Today's systems and infrastructure were designed to support millisecond-scale operations and are inadequate to meet the demands of granular computing. In this position paper we discuss the challenges of supporting granular applications, such as handling extreme bursts of activity, and we present a few initial ideas about the infrastructure required to enable granular computing, such as new mechanisms for communication and persistence.
Inadvertent noncaval filter deployment and its management

Abstract Inferior vena cava filters are placed to prevent life-threatening pulmonary embolism in a selected group of patients. Significant complications are known to occur with prolonged dwell times, and rarely during initial placement. In this report, we describe two cases of inadvertent noncaval inferior vena cava filter placements, specifically in the azygous vein and right renal vein, and the complex methods used to retrieve them, which exemplify the critical importance of routine and careful placement techniques.
Pan-cancer predictions of MEK inhibitor sensitivity are partially driven by between-tissue differences

ABSTRACT Molecular characteristics that can predict tumor response to drug therapies represent an important focus for precision cancer treatment. Pharmacogenomic databases of drug response and functional genomics data in tumor cell line models provide the resources to develop pan-cancer (i.e. tissue-agnostic) predictions of drug response. However, it is unclear whether between-tissue differences in both drug response and tumor molecular characteristics introduce biases into pan-cancer drug response predictions. Here, we show that between-tissue differences result in confounding effects that increase the apparent performance in pan-cancer predictions of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) response. Using two datasets that contain 346 and 504 cell lines with both MEKi response data and RNA, SNP and CNV data, we found that average drug responses of tissue classes are accurately predicted (Spearman’s ρ: 0.88–0.98) for the 10 tissues contained in both datasets. However, only 5 of 10 tissues were successfully predicted when considering prediction performance within a given cancer type (within-tissue ρ=0.11–0.64). We estimate that 45–58% of the variance in pan-cancer MEKi response prediction scores is explained by predicting between-tissue differences in drug response, rather than predicting inter-individual differences within a cancer type. Thus, we highlight the critical need to consider individual cancer types when developing and evaluating putatively tissue-agnostic prediction models. Nevertheless, we also demonstrate that pan-cancer MEKi response prediction models perform as well or better than tissue-specific predictions due to larger sample sizes available and suggest additional cancer types that could be considered for MEKi therapeutics in the clinic. Overall, our results demonstrate strong between-tissue effects in tissue-agnostic drug response predictions models, but also highlight how response to targeted (such as MEKi) or cytotoxic treatment may invoke shared regulatory mechanisms although different cancer types may arise in tissue- or cell type-specific routes.
FELT: Communicating Emotion Through Textile Expression

The expressive material of a textile can be used to evoke emotion(s) through vision and touch (Davis 2017, 21). Because textiles surround and shelter people in every culture on the planet, they are...
Mesoscale to microscale coupling for high-fidelity wind plant simulation

Wind turbines operate within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), the layer of the atmosphere adjacent to the surface, over which nearly continuous but highly variable turbulence motions efficiently distribute momentum and other constituents throughout its depth. While the need to improve the realism of the atmospheric fl ow state in wind plant simulation tools is gradually gaining acceptance, development of techniques to enable this capability has been slow, due to significant theoretical and practical issues involved in bridging the broad range of scales of atmospheric motions influencing wind turbine and plant operations.
Geographic Variations and Trends in Primary and Revision Knee and Total Hip Arthroplasties in the United States.

Background Over 1 million joint arthroplasties are performed annually in the United States. Ideally, as devices and surgical techniques improve, the number of revision arthroplasties relative to primary arthroplasties should decrease. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate state-by-state disparities in the ratio of revision to primary knee arthroplasty (unicompartmental and total) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients who had undergone primary or revision knee arthroplasty or primary or revision THA from 2001 to 2011. Demographic characteristics, surgical rates, and revision ratios (the number of revision procedures divided by the number of primary procedures) were determined for the United States as a whole and by state. Results During the study window, 47 states were sampled. For knee arthroplasty, 1,251,484 patients were identified: 91% underwent primary procedures and 9% underwent revision procedures. Compared with the primary knee arthroplasty cohort, the revision knee arthroplasty cohort had a younger mean age, had more male patients, and had more chronic conditions and longer hospitalizations (p < 0.001 for each). Over the years studied, the mean age of patients who had undergone primary knee arthroplasty decreased 1.8 years (p < 0.0001) and the mean age of those who had undergone revision knee arthroplasties decreased 2.4 years (p < 0.0001). The national revision ratio remained unchanged at around 0.1 (p = 0.8792). However, there was a 2.2-fold variation in revision ratio by state (revision ratio state range, 0.065 to 0.141). For THA, 614,638 patients were identified: 85% underwent primary procedures and 15% underwent revision procedures. Compared with the primary THA cohort, the revision THA cohort had an older mean age, had fewer male patients, and had more chronic conditions and longer hospitalizations (p < 0.001 for each). Over the years studied, the mean age of patients who had undergone primary THA decreased 1.5 years (p = 0.0016), whereas patients who had undergone revision had no significant age trend (p = 1.0000). Unlike for knee arthroplasty, the national THA revision ratio trended downward (0.24 evolved to 0.18, p = 0.0016), and there was a 2.1-fold variation in the revision ratio by state (revision ratio state range, 0.119 to 0.248). Conclusions This study found significant variability in state-by-state revision ratios. It also found that the national revision ratio stayed relatively steady for knee arthroplasty but was decreasing for THA, and that patients who had undergone revision knee arthroplasty were getting younger, whereas patients who had undergone revision THA were not. These discrepancies suggest divergent histories for primary knee arthroplasty and THA and warrant further detailed evaluation. Level of Evidence Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Unflipping the Flipped Classroom: Balancing for Maximum Effect in Minimum Lead-Time in Online Education

A flipped chemistry class for middle school education majors was “unflipped” during the conversion from in-person to online-only instruction during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The process balanced the best practices of online education with practicality due to the short time frame. Successes and failures in the conversion process are outlined, with adaptations suggested for failures, and a record of the class’s social and emotional experience is summarized. Successful implementation of checklists and conversion guides increased student confidence in the class’s direction and gave a sense of stability in an unstable time. The online component of the flipped classroom is examined for its adequacy as an online-only option. Approaches to student emotional and mental health are addressed, as well as behavioral issues resulting from learning remotely. Difficulties in the conversion primarily stemmed from the inability to use hands-on activities and a decrease in student engagement. Though external factors most likely accounted for the majority of the decrease in engagement, an activity and strategies are proposed to increase student buy-in and motivation. Finally, this paper includes a discussion of activity choice and implementation for increasing the benefits and transparency of activities for students working from home.
Endophyte-free tall fescue improves cattle production

A fungal endophyte was discovered infecting over 95% of tall fescue swards in the U.S. and also in European swards. This asymptomatic intercellular parasite appears to be transmitted only vertically, through infected seed. The fungus is associated with decreased animal performance. Specific toxin(s) produced by the fungus or by the fescue plant in response to the fungus has not been identified. Signs of toxicosis in cattle include increased body temperature, harsh hair coat, reduced serum prolactin, impaired reproduction, decreased rate of gain and/or milk production. Upon removal of cattle from toxic fescue to feedlots, performance is impaired 6 weeks or more. Replacement of infected fescue swards with new endophyte-free varieties greatly improves animal performance.
Temporal and radial dependent profiles for surface heat transfer during R404a spray cooling

Cryogen spray cooling has been applied to protect epidermis from thermal damage during laser surgery. However, the presently used cryogen, R134 a shows unsatisfactory efficacy in minimizing laser energy absorption by melanin in darkly pigmented human skins. Previous work of our group showed that R404 a had the potential of improving cooling protection to epidermis, while there is few related research on the surface heat transfer during R404 a spray cooling. This paper presents an experimental study on the temporal and radial variation in temperature and heat flux during spray cooling using R404 a by a specially designed nozzle with expansion chamber, which significantly improved the atomization effect. The temporal and radial conditions strongly influenced uniformity of surface heat transfer. However, there existed a sub-region of uniform cooling with radius of 2 mm around spray center with high heat flux. The result of this experiment could provide guidance for guaranteeing uniform cooling protection during clinical laser surgery.
Recurrent microbial community types driven by nearshore and seasonal processes in coastal Southern California

A multitude of concurrent biological and physical processes contribute to microbial community turnover, especially in highly dynamic coastal environments. Characterizing what factors contribute most to shifts in microbial community structure and the specific organisms that correlate with changes in the products of photosynthesis improves our understanding of nearshore microbial ecosystem functions. We conducted high frequency sampling in nearshore Southern California in order to capture sub-weekly microbial community dynamics. Microbial communities were characterized by flow cytometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and placed in the context of physicochemical parameters. Within our time-series, season and nutrient availability corresponded to changes in dominant microbial community members. Concurrent aseasonal drivers with overlapping scales of variability were also apparent when we used network analysis to assess the microbial community as subsets of the whole. Our analyses revealed the microbial community as a mosaic, with overlapping groups of taxa that varied on different timescales and correlated with unique abiotic and biotic factors. Specifically, a subnetwork associated with chlorophyll a exhibited rapid turnover, indicating that ecologically important subsets of the microbial community can change on timescales different than and in response to factors other than those that govern turnover of most members of the assemblage.
Clinical Reasoning: A 47-Year-Old With Headache, Vertigo, and Double Vision.

A 47-year-old man with a history of isolated, severe, recurrent episcleritis of the left eye, on adalimumab and methotrexate for the past 2 years, presented with acute vertigo. Two days later, in addition to ongoing vertigo, he developed a mild headache behind his right eye, which intensified over 5 days and worsened with Valsalva maneuver and when lying down. He denied nausea, vomiting, light or sound sensitivity, or a history of headaches. On the fifth day of symptoms, he developed double vision, which persisted regardless of the severity of the headache and was worse when looking to the right. On examination, vital signs were normal without evidence of fever. Extraocular movements were notable for mildly restricted gaze of the right eye when looking toward the right side. Pupils were reactive, ophthalmoscopic examination did not show papilledema, and finger to nose test was normal. Mental status, strength, sensation, and reflexes were normal.
Expanding the Palliative Care Workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Evaluation of Core Palliative Care Skills in Health Social Workers.

Background: Meeting the needs of seriously ill SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients requires novel models of deploying health social workers (SWs) to expand the palliative care workforce. To inform such expansion, understanding the current state of health SWs' core palliative care skills is necessary. Methods: Following minimal training, health SWs in one New York City hospital were surveyed about their frequency, competence, and confidence in using core palliative care skills. Results: Of the 170 health SWs surveyed, 46 (27%) responded, of whom 21 (46%) and 24 (52%) had palliative care training before and during the COVID-19 surge, respectively. Health SWs reported a "moderate improvement" in the use of three skills: "identify a medical decision maker," "assess prognostic understanding," and "coordinate care." There was "minimal decrease" to "no improvement" to "minimal improvement" in competence and confidence of skill use. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that educational initiatives can improve health SWs' use of core palliative care skills.
Controlling radiative heat flows in interior spaces to improve heating and cooling efficiency

Heating and cooling in buildings account for nearly 20% of energy use globally. The goal of heating and cooling systems is to maintain the thermal comfort of a building's human occupants, typically by keeping the interior air temperature at a setpoint. However, if one could maintain the occupant's thermal comfort while changing the setpoint, large energy savings are possible. Here we propose a mechanism to achieve these savings by dynamically tuning the thermal emissivity of interior building surfaces, thereby decoupling the mean radiant temperature from actual temperatures of interior surfaces. We show that, in cold weather, setting the emissivity of interior surfaces to a low value (0.1) can decrease the setpoint as much as 6.5°C from a baseline of 23°C. Conversely, in warm weather, low-emissivity interior surfaces result in a 4.5°C cooling setpoint decrease relative to high emissivity (0.9) surfaces, highlighting the need for tunable emissivity for maximal year-round efficiency.
The assessment and exploration of forensic nursing concepts in undergraduate nursing curricula: a mixed-methods study.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the importance and explore the inclusion of forensic nursing concepts in undergraduate nursing curricula. METHODS This study used a mixed method design to survey undergraduate nurse educators (n=1,000) across the United States. Utilizing a convergent parallel design, data were analyzed independently, sequentially, and combined to synthesize the results and cultivate the overall conceptualization of the findings. RESULTS Significant differences were found about the importance and the integration of forensic concepts in the curricula based on the faculty member's teaching area and area of clinical practice. Triangulation of data determined faculty valued their role of improving holistic care to victims of violence. However, time, curriculum rigidity, and lack of forensic concept knowledge hindered the inclusion of forensic nursing concepts in curricula. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study support the recommendation for faculty development, community collaboration, and utilizing teaching modalities to integrate forensic nursing concepts into undergraduate curricula.
Relativistic effects in gamma gamma decays of P wave positronium and q anti-q systems

Theories of the two-photon couplings of $P$-wave positronium and $q\overline{q}$ systems are reviewed and a relationship is found between field-theoretic calculations of $q\overline{q}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the vector-meson-dominance model for both heavy- and light-quark systems. Relativistic corrections to the two-photon decay rates are evaluated and are found to be very important for the light-quark system. We find that the widely quoted ratio of $\frac{15}{4}$ between the $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ widths of heavy-quark scalar and tensor mesons is significantly modified in the light-$q\overline{q}$ sector. We find however that the helicity-zero amplitude for the $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coupling of tensor mesons, which vanishes in the nonrelativistic limit, remains small for light quarks, in accord with experimental observation.
Delinquent and Self-Destructive Behaviors Among High School Youth

Abstract Analysis of responses of 10,112 high school students surveyed in the 1997 National School-Based Youth Risk Survey indicated that Black youths engaged more often in delinquent and self-destructive behaviors than White youths. However, controls for the mothers' or fathers' educational attainment eliminated this ethnic difference. The pattern of involvement in delinquent and self-destructive behavior was different for Black and White youths and was mediated by gender.
Increasing Preservice Teachers' Diversity Beliefs and Commitment

Research on teacher expectations and student success suggests that teachers' beliefs about students lead to differential expectations and treatment of students. Few qualitative studies aimed at understanding teacher beliefs about diversity and multicultural commitment have been done. This study utilized combined quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the attitudes, beliefs, and commitments of a predominantly Anglo-American population of preservice teachers enrolled in a diversity course. The results describe beginning attitudes, beliefs, and commitments to diversity; changes (or lack of change) in attitudes, beliefs, and commitments after participation in a diversity course; some theoretical underpinnings for understanding changes (or lack of change); and a framework for facilitating positive multicultural experiences.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): Comparison with Other Medical Conditions and Effect of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment (P4.182)

OBJECTIVE: Descriptively compare the impact of MS vs other chronic conditions on patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and report the effect of oral delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on HRQoL in a pre-specified, integrated analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies. BACKGROUND: DEFINE and CONFIRM evaluated the efficacy and safety of delayed-release DMF 240mg twice (BID) and three times daily (TID) in RRMS. DESIGN/METHODS: HRQoL was assessed at baseline and Weeks 24, 48, and 96 using the Short Form-36 version 1 [SF-36v1]). The SF-36v1 consists of 8 multi-item domains (physical functioning [PF], role-physical [RP], bodily pain [BP], general health [GH], vitality [VT], social functioning [SF], role-emotional [RE], and mental health [MH]). PF, RP, BP, and GH assess physical aspects of HRQoL (Physical Component Summary [PCS]) and VT, SF, RE, and MH assess mental aspects (Mental Component Summary [MCS]). Normative mean domain scores for hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes type II, recent acute myocardial infarction, and clinical depression were obtained from the SF-36v1 manual. RESULTS: The US general population normal score for PCS and MCS is 50. Mean baseline domain score ranges across the placebo and delayed-release DMF groups were 67.1-68.9 (PF), 55.0-55.8 (RP), 68.5-68.6 (BP), 53.2-53.9 (GH), 49.2-49.8 (VT), 69.5-70.4 (SF), 63.3-64.4 (RE), and 65.0-65.1 (MH), and across the five other medical conditions were 47.5-73.4 (PF), 34.4-62.0 (RP), 58.8-72.8 (BP), 47.1-63.3 (GH), 40.1-58.3 (VT), 57.2-86.7 (SF), 38.9-76.7 (RE), and 46.3-77.9 (MH). At 2 years, compared with placebo, mean changes relative to baseline in PCS and MCS scores were statistically significantly improved in the delayed-release DMF BID (P<0.0001 and P=0.0246, respectively) and TID (P<0.0001 and P=0.0107, respectively) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The disease burden of MS appears to be higher than the US general population and less than or comparable to other medical conditions. Delayed-release DMF demonstrates benefits on patient-reported HRQoL. Study supported by: Biogen Idec, Inc. Disclosure: Dr. Sarda has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec. Dr. Phillips has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as an employee. Dr. Phillips holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen Idec which sponsored research in which Dr. Phillips was involved as an investigator. Dr. Gaebler has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as an employee. Dr. Kurukulasuriya has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as an employee.
Spin-state crossover in multiferroic Ca 3 Co 2 − x Mn x O 6

${\text{Ca}}_{3}{\text{Co}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Mn}}_{x}{\text{O}}_{6}$ $(x\ensuremath{\sim}0.96)$ is a multiferroic with spin-chains of alternating ${\text{Co}}^{2+}$ and ${\text{Mn}}^{4+}$ ions. The spin state of ${\text{Co}}^{2+}$ remains unresolved due to a discrepancy between high-temperature x-ray absorption $(S=\frac{3}{2})$ and low-temperature neutron $(S=\frac{1}{2})$ measurements. Using a combination of magnetic modeling and crystal-field analysis, we show that the existing low temperature data cannot be reconciled within a high spin scenario by invoking spin-orbit or Jahn-Teller distortions. To unify the experimental results, we propose a spin-state crossover with specific experimental predictions.
Effects of environmental changes, tissue types and reproduction on the emissions of dimethyl sulfide from seaweeds that form green tides

Environmental context Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is released by marine algae and is important to sulfur transfer between the oceans and the atmosphere. We measured DMS emissions from algae that form large blooms, and found that the hydration of the plants, seawater temperatures and salinity affect DMS release, but their effects were species-specific. Thus, the effect of algal blooms on sulfur transfer will depend on the bloom’s species composition and the environmental conditions experienced by the algae. Abstract Bloom-forming ulvoid macroalgae produce dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which when cleaved in response to biotic and abiotic stresses results in the emission of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) into the atmosphere. We quantified DMS emission rates from three intertidal seaweeds (Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca and Ulvaria obscura) that form green tide blooms in the Salish Sea. The algae were subjected to different salinities (freshwater to seawater), temperatures (15 to 35°C) and desiccation levels, and DMS emission rates were measured. We also quantified tissue DMSP concentrations and DMS emissions by different life history stages of U. intestinalis. All three species had significantly higher emission rates if the plants were dry, relative to damp or submerged plants, with highest emissions in the high intertidal species and lowest emissions in the low intertidal species. Seawater temperature did not affect emission rates by U. intestinalis or U. lactuca, but emission rates by U. obscura were significantly higher at 35°C. Hyposaline conditions also increased emission rates by U. obscura and U. lactuca but had no effect on emission by U. intestinalis. DMSP concentrations did not differ in sporophytes and gametophytes, but were twice as high in the tips as the bases of sporophytes. Most spores were released from the tips of the blades. Spores had average DMSP concentrations of 258±114 fmol spore–1. Our results demonstrate that the amounts of DMS emitted by green tides will depend on the bloom’s species composition and the environmental conditions experienced by the algae.
Hepatic Biloma Complicating Sickle Cell Disease A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Previously reported hepatobiliary complications of sickle cell disease include cholelithiasis, intrahepatic cholestasis, cirrhosis, hepatic crisis, abscess, and infarction. We present a case of right upper quadrant pain, fever, and jaundice in a patient with sickle cell disease. An expanding intrahepatic bile-filled cyst ("biloma") was demonstrated as a possible consequence of hepatic infarction. The literature regarding the possible pathogenesis of this entity is reviewed.
Probing Dynamically Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances of Film-Coupled Nanoparticles by Evanescent Wave Excitation

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum associated with a gold nanoparticle (NP) coupled to a gold film exhibits extreme sensitivity to the nanogap region where the fields are tightly localized. The LSPR of an ensemble of film-coupled NPs can be observed using an illumination scheme similar to that used to excite the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of a thin metallic film; however, in the present system, the light is used to probe the highly sensitive distance-dependent LSPR of the gaps between NPs and film rather than the delocalized SPR of the film. We show that the SPR and LSPR spectral contributions can be readily distinguished, and we compare the sensitivities of both modes to displacements in the average gap between a collection of NPs and the gold film. The distance by which the NPs are suspended in solution above the gold film is fixed via a thin molecular spacer layer and can be further modulated by subjecting the NPs to a quasistatic electric field. The observed LSPR spectral shi...
Photonic curing of aromatic thiol–ene click dielectric capacitors via inkjet printing

Dielectric capacitive energy storage has a wide range of applications such as microelectronic devices, grid scale load leveling, military applications, and personal power supplies. The high charge and discharge rate, along with the high retention and fatigue properties, make dielectric capacitors an attractive means of energy storage. Device manufacturing in industry requires high throughput and high pattern registry printing processes, such as inkjet, that are able to deposit a wide variety of materials. Thiol–alkene systems, [pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-meracproprinate) (PEMP, P), 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DPB, D), 2,4,6-triallyoxy-1,3,5-triazine (TOTZ, T)] of various compositions were printed via inkjet printing and cured with a xenon flash lamp system. For simplicity, inks were designated PTD0–4, correlating to the amount of DPB in the ink. PTD1–4 demonstrated fluid properties amenable to inkjet printing (with Z factors between 2–11) and were cured to produce mechanically and chemically stable dielectric films. PTD3 showed the best printability and was used for characterization of energy storage. It was found that the dielectric constant varied with curing intensity and energy/voltage. The breakdown strength had no correlation to the curing parameters tested. Weibull analysis of breakdown failure along with dielectric characterization resulted in a volumetric energy density distribution with a peak characteristic energy storage (63% chance of failure) of 32 J cm−3.
A Qualitative Study of the Supports Women Find Most Beneficial When Dealing With A Spouse's Sexually Addictive or Compulsive Behaviors

While research exists on many issues relating to wives of sex addicts, there is currently a void in the literature regarding the kinds of support women find most beneficial when dealing with a spouse's sexually addictive or compulsive behaviors. Using grounded theory methodology, 22 Christian women from Canada and the United States were interviewed to find out what they found most helpful as they sought support to cope with a spouse's sexually addictive and compulsive behaviors. A theory of support for this population emerged from the data.
The Influence of Music on the Symptoms of Psychosis: A Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing quantitative research evaluating the influence of music upon the symptoms of psychosis. A meta-analysis was conducted on 19 studies. Results indicated that music has proven to be significantly effective in suppressing and combating the symptoms of psychosis (d = +0.71). However, there were no differing effects between live versus recorded music and between structured music therapy groups versus passive listening. Nor were there differing effects between preferred versus therapist-selected music. Additionally, classical music did not prove as effective as nonclassical music in reducing psychotic symptoms. This supports the therapeutic potential of popular music while dispelling the theory that classical music provides the form and structure that can contribute to mental health and well-being. Further quantitative research is recommended and strongly warranted to refine unique aspects of music therapy interventions effective for those with psychotic symptoms.