cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstractions for Design-by-Humans of Heterogeneous Behaviors

This paper will discuss the use of movement observation, taxonomy, and expert knowledge, as found in Laban/Bartenieff Movement Studies to facilitate the production of diverse robotic behaviors that are easy to construct for a wide range of people. A ‘behavior’ will be defined by a set of movement primitives that are scaled and sequenced differently for distinct behaviors. These methods will be applied to real robotic platforms, in the context of manufacturing, motivating the fundamental value of high-level abstractions that produce a wide array of behavior. In particular, the integration of methods for designing an alternate set of “knobs” for motion control, abstracting sequencing behaviors and interactions of teams, and controlling robots via a web-based platform will be outlined in a language accessible to an interdisciplinary audience.
Mouse Strain Impacts Fatty Acid Uptake and Trafficking in Liver, Heart, and Brain: A Comparison of C57BL/6 and Swiss Webster Mice

C57BL/6 and Swiss Webster mice are used to study lipid metabolism, although differences in fatty acid uptake between these strains have not been reported. Using a steady state kinetic model, [1-14C]16:0, [1-14C]20:4n-6, or [1-14C]22:6n-3 was infused into awake, adult male mice and uptake into liver, heart, and brain determined. The integrated area of [1-14C]20:4n-6 in plasma was significantly increased in C57BL/6 mice, but [1-14C]16:0 and [1-14C]22:6n-3 were not different between groups. In heart, uptake of [1-14C]20:4n-6 was increased 1.7-fold in C57BL/6 mice. However, trafficking of [1-14C]22:6n-3 into the organic fraction of heart was significantly decreased 33 % in C57BL/6 mice. Although there were limited differences in fatty acid tracer trafficking in liver or brain, [1-14C]16:0 incorporation into liver neutral lipids was decreased 18 % in C57BL/6 mice. In heart, the amount of [1-14C]16:0 and [1-14C]22:6n-3 incorporated into total phospholipids were decreased 45 and 49 %, respectively, in C57BL/6 mice. This was accounted for by a 53 and 37 % decrease in [1-14C]16:0 and 44 and 52 % decrease in [1-14C]22:6n-3 entering ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and choline glycerophospholipids, respectively. In contrast, there was a significant increase in [1-14C]20:4n-6 esterification into all heart phospholipids of C57BL/6 mice. Although changes in uptake were limited to heart, several significant differences were found in fatty acid trafficking into heart, liver, and brain phospholipids. In summary, our data demonstrates differences in tissue fatty acid uptake and trafficking between mouse strains is an important consideration when carrying out fatty acid metabolic studies.
Effect of CO2 on Ameboid Changes in Motor Nerve Plates in Intercostal Muscle.

SummaryThe retracted motor nerve plates with wide, short projections were related to coarse, widely spaced cross striations, whereas expanded nerve plates with thin, elongated and moniliform processes were longer and separated by wider meshes than the retracted ones. 60% of the expanded motor nerve plates in the intercostal muscle accelerated in the transmission rate of the nervous impulses by carbon dioxide became twice the size of the relatively normal plates. Their processes were longer and separated by wider meshes than those of the normal controls. This morphologic expansion and extension of the processes of the plate by the proposed ameboid motion under the stimulus of the demand of increased functional activity evidently favors the transmission of the nerve impulse to the receptive muscle substance by increase of the surface area of the motor nerve plate. The differences in the histologic structure of motor nerve plates and muscle cross striations may be arranged in a graded series and are evidentl...
What is the effect of IQ on offending

The aim of this study is to advance scholarship on the IQ–offending relationship by examining the functional form of this relationship and whether confounding introduced by socioeconomic status (SES) and other factors can be adequately addressed. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are analyzed using generalized propensity score and propensity score matching analyses. The results suggest that the relationship is curvilinear, such that lower and higher levels of IQ are associated with lower levels of offending. They also indicate that the distribution of confounders, especially SES, may limit the ability of statistical approaches to arrive at unbiased estimates of IQ effects.
Coin Flipping, Dynamical Systems, and the Fibonacci Numbers

In this note we pose a pair of seemingly disparate problems, one from probability and the other from dynamical systems. We will show that these two problems are actually one-i.e., their solutions are identical and each, surprisingly, involves the Fibonacci numbers. The dynamical systems problem is new. Variants of the probability problem have been around for centuries. The oldest reference we have found is Problem LXXIV in Abraham De Moivre's The Doctrine of Chances [3], the first edition of which appeared in 1718. (See [6] for a treatment of De Moivre's formulation with a more modern flavor.) After solving both problems and finding the connection between them, we will mention some simple generalizations. Suppose we are asked to flip a fair coin repeatedly until two consecutive heads appear. What is the probability that this will ever occur? And, more specifically: What is the probability that it will occur in exactly n tosses? The dynamical systems problem arose during the second author's dissertation research [1, 5]. If f(x) = 2x (mod 1), for x E [0, 1), where are all the points that visit [3/4, 1) for the first time after exactly n iterations of f(x)? That is, let An = {x I fn(x) E [3/4, 1), and n is minimal with respect to this property). What is the geometry of An? Is it the case that U n=OAn = [0, 1)? We note that fn(x) denotes the composition f o f o f o * * of n copies of f. A moment's thought should convince you that the probability of seeing two heads in a row in the coin flipping problem is very large. Is it one? Represent a sequence of tosses by a sequence of H's and T's in the obvious way. Call a sequence n-allowable if it ends the coin tossing after n flips, i.e., has 'HH' as its last two letters and no earlier occurrence of this string. Since all sequences are equally probable, the probability of stopping after n tosses is the number of n-allowable sequences (call this an) divided by 2n. To count the n-allowable sequences notice that every n-allowable sequence is of one of two forms: a 'T' followed by an (n l)-allowable sequence, or, an 'HT' followed by an (n 2)-allowable sequence. Moreover, appending 'T' to the beginning of any (n l)-allowable sequence yields an n-allowable one, as does appending 'HT' to any (n 2)-allowable sequence. Therefore, an = an -1 + an-2 and a2 = a3 = 1. That is, an is the (n 2)nd Fibonacci number. The probability of stopping after n tosses is then an/2 , and the probability of ever stopping is ESn=2an/2n. We expect that this sum must converge to one: We'll prove this momentarily. To solve the dynamical systems problem, it pays to work in dyadic expansions. If .101101... is the dyadic expansion of x, then .01101... is the dyadic expansion of
Effect of Pollen on Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Population Density, Predation, and Cannibalism in Sweet Corn

Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) is an abundant, polyphagous predator in corn fields; it can develop and reproduce on a diet of only corn pollen. We used sweet corn ( Zea mays L.) in field experiments to investigate the effect of pollen abundance on C. maculata population densities, predation by C. maculata on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs, and egg cannibalism by C. maculata . Plots designated as "no-pollen plots" were detasseled immediately before anthesis, whereas tassels were left intact in "pollen plots." In both years, when pollen was absent in all plots (i.e., before and after anthesis) there were no significant differences in C. maculata population density, H. zea egg predation, or C. maculata egg cannibalism between pollen and no-pollen plots. During anthesis in 1996, C. maculata egg and larval densities were significantly higher in pollen plots compared with no-pollen plots, but not in 1995. Predation on H. zea eggs was significantly lower in pollen plots than in no-pollen plots in 1995, but not in 1996. During anthesis in both years, egg cannibalism was lower in pollen plots compared with no-pollen plots and significantly so in 1996. Even when abundant pollen led to increased C. maculata larval populations in pollen plots (i.e., in 1996), predation on H. zea eggs and cannibalism of C. maculata eggs was not higher in the pollen plots, suggesting that abundant pollen diverts C. maculata from carnivory. Thus, even though C. maculata populations may increase during anthesis in corn, this increased abundance is not likely to translate into increased predation on H. zea eggs.
Immunoglobulin M Level in the Diagnosis of Type A Hepatitis

The serum immunoglobulin M level has often but not always been found to be higher in type A than in type B hepatitis. Studies of this question, however antedated the recognition of non-A, non-B disease, and the etiologic characterization may have been mistaken in many instances. It was appropriate, therefore, to reopen the question by an investigation of 62 serologically defined cases. IgM values above 300 U/ml occurred in 28 of 33 type A episodes, three of 24 type B, and none of ten non-A, non-B cases. Although nonspecific, the IgM assay is a generally available procedure that may provide useful evidence concerning the etiologic form of acute viral hepatitis.
Selection of Visual Display Symbology: A New Metric of Similarity

Ideally one would like to select symbols for use in visual displays which are both meaningful representations of the objects they stand for and maximally dissimilar to one another. In this paper a ...
A Method for Determining the Concentration of Penicillin in Body Fluids and Exudates

ConclusionsA method for determining the concentration of penicillin in various body fluids and exudates is described. It is possible by this method to determine 0.0039 Florey unit per 0.2 cc of sol...
Aggregate Demand and the Dynamics of Unemployment

We introduce an aggregate demand externality into the Mortensen-Pissarides model of equilibrium unemployment. Because firms care about the demand for their products, an increase in unemployment lowers the incentives to post vacancies which further increases unemployment. This positive feedback creates a coordination problem among firms and leads to multiple equilibria. We show, however, that the multiplicity disappears when enough heterogeneity is introduced in the model. In this case, the unique equilibrium still exhibits interesting dynamic properties. In particular, the importance of the aggregate demand channel grows with the size and duration of shocks, and multiple stationary points in the dynamics of unemployment can exist. We calibrate the model to the U.S. economy and show that the mechanism generates additional volatility and persistence in labor market variables, in line with the data. In particular, the model can generate deep, long-lasting unemployment crises.
Tenderness of beef.

What part do tenderizers, cooking, and cuts play in the serving of tender beef to your patients and customers? This review brings up-to-date, current knowledge
The Ultimate Ultram Primer I: My Mood Is Better, but Boy Do I Hurt!

This case discusses a pharmacokinetic interaction between tramadol and paroxetine. Tramadol is a prodrug cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate and paroxetine is a 2D6 inhibitor.
A redox-flow battery with an alloxazine-based organic electrolyte

Redox-flow batteries (RFBs) can store large amounts of electrical energy from variable sources, such as solar and wind. Recently, redox-active organic molecules in aqueous RFBs have drawn substantial attention due to their rapid kinetics and low membrane crossover rates. Drawing inspiration from nature, here we report a high-performance aqueous RFB utilizing an organic redox compound, alloxazine, which is a tautomer of the isoalloxazine backbone of vitamin B2. It can be synthesized in high yield at room temperature by single-step coupling of inexpensive o-phenylenediamine derivatives and alloxan. The highly alkaline-soluble alloxazine 7/8-carboxylic acid produces a RFB exhibiting open-circuit voltage approaching 1.2 V and current efficiency and capacity retention exceeding 99.7% and 99.98% per cycle, respectively. Theoretical studies indicate that structural modification of alloxazine with electron-donating groups should allow further increases in battery voltage. As an aza-aromatic molecule that undergoes reversible redox cycling in aqueous electrolyte, alloxazine represents a class of radical-free redox-active organics for use in large-scale energy storage. Redox-flow batteries with organic-based electrolytes hold many advantages over conventional-flow batteries. Here the authors report a high-performance flow battery based on alloxazine, an aqueous-stable and soluble redox-active organic molecule resembling the backbone structure of vitamin B2.
Clinical Testing of Endothelial Function in Erectile Dysfunction

Understanding the physiology of endothelial function in health and disease is critical to understanding the physiologic substrate of erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular health in men. Erectile dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a marker for cardiovascular disease in men. The recent availability of clinically applicable methods to study endothelial dysfunction (reactive hyperemia) and vascular stiffness (augmentation index) has enhanced the ability of the clinician to incorporate the study of vascular health in the clinic. We discuss and review techniques and biomarkers that are applicable at the bedside in the context of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of erectile dysfunction. We articulate a framework for diagnosis, treatment, and future clinical investigation in this growing field.
Disruption of Locomotion in Response to Hindlimb Muscle Stretch at Acute and Chronic Time Points after a Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.

Abstract After spinal cord injury (SCI) muscle contractures develop in the plegic limbs of many patients. Physical therapists commonly use stretching as an approach to avoid contractures and to maintain the extensibility of soft tissues. We found previously that a daily stretching protocol has a negative effect on locomotor recovery in rats with mild thoracic SCI. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of stretching on locomotor function at acute and chronic time points after moderately severe contusive SCI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with 25 g-cm T10 contusion injuries received our standard 24-min stretching protocol starting 4 days (acutely) or 10 weeks (chronically) post-injury (5 days/week for 5 or 4 weeks, respectively). Locomotor function was assessed using the BBB (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan) Open Field Locomotor Scale, video-based kinematics, and gait analysis. Locomotor deficits were evident in the acute animals after only 5 days of stretching and increasing the perceive...
Spectroscopic Changes of Cr3+Doped Al2O3 Precursors Due to Irreversible Phase Changes During Subsecond Laser Heating

We measure the subsecond laser-heating-induced spectroscopic changes of Cr:Al2O3 precursors and find that Cr:Al2O3 is a promising candidate for an ex-situ temperature sensor.
Poster: Diagnosing and treating code-duplication problems in bioinformatics libraries

As computing is an enabling tool of bioinformatics, software quality can influence not only the efficiency of the research process, but also the degree of confidence in scientific findings. As we discovered, popular bioinformatics C++ libraries suffer from problems that make their code hard to maintain, finetune, and extend. In particular, code duplication caused by the ubiquitous copy-and-paste development practice, substantially complicates software maintenance and evolution. The presence of multiple clones of the same code snippet multiples the amount of effort required to modify or extend it. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic study we have conducted to understand the code quality of popular bioinformatics libraries. Based on the results of our study, we developed an automated tool that systematically identifies and consolidates duplicated code blocks. Here we describe our tool—ReBio1—and the results of applying it to improve the quality of several commonly used C++ libraries, including SeqAn, BEDtools, and NCBI C++ Toolkit. Our results reveal that these libraries indeed suffer from poor maintainability, and that our automated tool can effectively improve their quality.
Post-transplant Outcomes of Persons Receiving a Liver Graft for Alcoholic Liver Disease.

Aims Liver transplantation (LT) for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains controversial yet following transplantation outcomes for patients with this disease are generally similar to patients transplanted for other types of liver diseases. Methods In this review, we cover critical literature of ALD LT including established and recent findings of medical and psychosocial outcomes for ALD patients and compare their outcomes to other liver transplant recipients where evidence exists. Results Overall medical and psychosocial outcomes for ALD LT recipients compare favorably to patients transplanted for other types of liver diseases. While alcohol relapse occurs following transplant, the rates of return to heavy alcohol use, especially at amounts that are health harmful, are low at ~20%-substantially under rates of relapse for non-transplant patients with alcohol use disorders. However, ALD LT recipients are more likely to be smokers and experience causes of death different than other LT recipients with cardiovascular and malignancies being more common. Depression is one of the more common mental health disorders experienced by ALD LT recipients and is especially important to consider due to increasing evidence of its negative impact on post-transplant survival. In general, ALD LT recipients' quality of life is as good as recipients transplanted for other types of liver disease. Post-LT re-employment and social reintegration are also comparable. Conclusions Early identification may improve outcomes with the first post-transplant year being an important time for close monitoring. Additionally, efforts to identify and treat tobacco use and depression may also improve overall outcomes in this specific population. Short summary In this review, we cover medical and psychosocial outcomes for ALD patients and compare their outcomes to other liver transplant recipients. While alcohol relapse occurs following transplant, the rates of return to heavy alcohol use, especially at amounts that are health harmful, are low at ~20%.
Hemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to Self-Paced and Ramp Graded Exercise Testing Protocols.

Recent examinations have shown lower maximal oxygen consumption during traditional ramp (RAMP) compared with self-paced (SPV) graded exercise testing (GXT) attributed to differences in cardiac outp...
Single cardiac ventricular myosins are autonomous motors

Myosin transduces ATP free energy into mechanical work in muscle. Cardiac muscle has dynamically wide-ranging power demands on the motor as the muscle changes modes in a heartbeat from relaxation, via auxotonic shortening, to isometric contraction. The cardiac power output modulation mechanism is explored in vitro by assessing single cardiac myosin step-size selection versus load. Transgenic mice express human ventricular essential light chain (ELC) in wild- type (WT), or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-linked mutant forms, A57G or E143K, in a background of mouse α-cardiac myosin heavy chain. Ensemble motility and single myosin mechanical characteristics are consistent with an A57G that impairs ELC N-terminus actin binding and an E143K that impairs lever-arm stability, while both species down-shift average step-size with increasing load. Cardiac myosin in vivo down-shifts velocity/force ratio with increasing load by changed unitary step-size selections. Here, the loaded in vitro single myosin assay indicates quantitative complementarity with the in vivo mechanism. Both have two embedded regulatory transitions, one inhibiting ADP release and a second novel mechanism inhibiting actin detachment via strain on the actin-bound ELC N-terminus. Competing regulators filter unitary step-size selection to control force-velocity modulation without myosin integration into muscle. Cardiac myosin is muscle in a molecule.
Nuclear Import of Agrobacterium T-DNA

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is a process by which genetic material is transported from the bacterium into the host nucleus, where it stably integrates. The transferred DNA (T-DNA) is escorted, by two bacterial proteins, as a single-stranded DNA-protein complex (a T-complex), which mediate its transport to the host nucleus. The large size and mass of this DNA-protein complex raise questions as to the molecular machinery and mechanism by which the T-complex passes the nuclear pore barrier. Recent studies have revealed the important role of specific host proteins in interacting with and guiding the T-complex through the nuclear pore, and to its point of integration. In this chapter, we summarize our knowledge of the function of T-DNA bacterial and host protein chaperones, and draw a model for their action during the nuclear import and intranuclear transport of Agrobacterium T-DNA.
Alterations in Circulatory Function

According to a 2006 statistical update published by the American Heart Association, 37.3% of all deaths in the United States in 2003 were attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD).1 About 83% of the deaths related to CVD occur in people age 65 and older. The prevalence of CVD in American men and women aged 65–74 are 68.5% and 75%, respectively. For those aged 75+, prevalence is 77.8% and 86.4%, respectively. These numbers demonstrate the strong association between adverse cardiac events and the aging process.
Correction to: Ecophysiology of the Olympia Oyster, Ostrea lurida, and Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas

In the original article there is an error on page 522 in the third paragraph of the Methods section. There is an erroneous 0 in the TWW coefficient. The corrected text is as follows.
Hemodynamic durability of transcatheter aortic valves using the updated Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the hemodynamic durability of the transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs) using the updated Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) criteria. BACKGROUND The updated VARC-2 consensus criteria combine flow-dependent and flow-independent echocardiographic parameters for hemodynamic assessment of TAVR. Data on the hemodynamic durability of TAV and clinical risk factors associated with valve hemodynamic deterioration (VHD) are lacking. METHODS All patients (n = 276) who received TAV between 2006 and 2012 and had ≥2 follow-up echocardiograms were studied. RESULTS During a median follow up period of 3.3 (1.8-4.4) years, 8 patients (3%) developed moderate to severe valve stenosis per the VARC-2 criteria, while 20 had mild stenosis. In a Cox proportional hazards model analysis, moderate to severe stenosis by VARC-2 criteria was associated with younger age (P = 0.03, HR 0.94), absence of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (P = 0.026, HR 0.18), and lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P = 0.006, HR 0.94). Longitudinal analysis using a mixed effect model showed that presence of stenosis by VARC-2 criteria was associated with an increase in aortic valve mean gradient (P < 0.001, +2.34 mmHg per year). In a subset of 93 patients with analyzable fluoroscopic images, deeper valve implantation was associated with increase in mean gradient (P = 0.004, +0.2 mmHg per year per 1 mm increase in implantation depth). CONCLUSION Despite good hemodynamic durability of TAV, patients with younger age, lower LVEF and those not on DAPT after undergoing a TAV replacement, are at a higher risk for development of VHD.
Preliminary Assessment of the Energy-Saving Potential of Electrochromic Windows in Residential Buildings

Electrochromic windows provide variable tinting that can help control glare and solar heat gain. We used BEopt software to evaluate their performance in prototypical energy models of a single-family home.
Contributions of Public Health Social Work Students to Their Professions and Communities

In the contemporary public health workforce environment, public health social workers (PHSW) bring integrated skills, from both fields, to meet the needs of vulnerable and underserved populations. They receive training in their Master of Public Health/Master of Social Work dual-degree programs, such as the one at New Mexico State University, which serves the U.S./Mexico border region. During their studies, dual-degree students are equipped to address health and human service issues at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels and complete field experience and practicum hours in their communities. Along with practical skills, these students learn culturally responsive/humble ways of being with communities of color and marginalized individuals. After graduation, these emerging career PHSWs enter the workforce in a variety of settings: nonprofit, educational, government, primary care, and more. In this article, the field of public health social work is described in its historic and present forms, followed by PHSWs' utility to the U.S./Mexico border region, in particular. Finally, we make the call to action for future career PHSWs to engage with this integrated, dynamic, innovative field, and its unique combination of community- and individual-based services and rewards.
Ethnically Diverse Rural Special Educators Who Are Highly Qualified: Does NCLB Make This Impossible?

Ethnically diverse special educators are in short supply not only in urban and suburban schools, but in rural areas as well. Finding teachers who meet the highly-qualified definition under the No C...
Regulating Deceptive Advertising: False Claims and Skeptical Consumers

This paper studies interactions between dishonest firms, skeptical consumers, and regulations, and it finds that higher penalty for false statements can reduce consumer surplus, firm profits, and w...
Sparse Sensing and Optimal Precision: Robust $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ Optimal Observer Design with Model Uncertainty

We present a framework which incorporates three aspects of the estimation problem, namely, sparse sensor configuration, optimal precision, and robustness in the presence of model uncertainty. The problem is formulated in the $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ optimal observer design framework. We consider two types of uncertainties in the system, i.e. structured affine and unstructured uncertainties. The objective is to design an observer with a given $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ performance index with minimal number of sensors and minimal precision values, while guaranteeing the performance for all admissible uncertainties. The problem is posed as a convex optimization problem subject to linear matrix inequalities. Numerical simulations demonstrate the application of the theoretical results presented in this work.
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia in Contemporary Surgical Pathology Practice: Impact of International Consensus Guidelines for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis on Pathologists.

Context.— Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) radiologically and pathologically. Per consensus criteria adopted in 2011, diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis no longer requires a biopsy in an appropriate context if UIP is seen on imaging. As a result, lung biopsies are now typically reserved for patients having indeterminate clinical or imaging findings or suspicion for alternative diagnoses, but the impact of updated guidelines on pathology practice remains unclear. Objective.— To determine the frequency of histologic UIP before and after 2011. Design.— Surgical lung biopsies from adults were studied within two 4-year periods: July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2010 and January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2015. Pathology slides were reviewed in a fashion blinded to clinical information and were classified using current guidelines. Results.— Biopsies from 177 and 86 patients (mean [SD] age, 62 [12] and 59 [14] years; 50.3% [89 of 177] and 48.8% [42 of 86] men) before and after 2011, respectively, were reviewed. Probable UIP or UIP was less-frequently encountered after 2011 in all patients with fibrosis (9 of 54 [16.7%] versus 41 of 119 [34.5%] before 2011, P = .02) and also in patients 50 years old and older (8 of 46 [17.4%] versus 39 of 109 [35.8%] before 2011, P = .02), with a concomitant rise in cases indeterminate for UIP or showing alternative diagnoses. Conclusions.— Histology for UIP is less frequently encountered in our contemporary practice compared with the historic era. The pretest probability of a non-UIP diagnosis is now high, even in elderly patients, underscoring the need for pathologists to be familiar with the histologic features of alternative diagnoses.
Dynamics and Optimal Control Problems for Biotechnical Systems “Man-Prosthesis”

New prosthetic materials and designs have lead to many prostheses of lower limbs for amputees. As a result, it is becoming difficult for prosthetists and the physicians to choose which prosthesis is the best for the individual amputee. Presently, there is limited information about “optimal” alignment, and how the prosthesis performs dynamically in achieving optimally symmetrical gait for an amputee. Sensory feedback, better control systems, and more energy-efficient devices are strongly needed [1]. Gait studies, ambulatory physiological monitoring, mathematical modeling of a human controlled motion, and dynamic optimization techniques may be useful tools to improve and create new efficient lower limb protheses.
A T cell behavioral manifold couples speed and turning to create heterogeneity in vivo

Abstract Immune cells carry out dynamic search processes for antigen and pathogens. T cells in vivo migrate primarily via undirected random walks, but it remains unresolved how these random walks generate a characteristic search behavior. Here we use light sheet microscopy to observe the native population of T cells in the larval zebrafish tail and fin fold over long times. We find that cell-to-cell variability is amplified by a correlation between speed and directional persistence, generating a characteristic cell behavioral manifold that is preserved under a perturbation to cell speeds. Our results suggest that speed-persistence coupling may be an intrinsic feature of T cell migration that provides an alternative to Levy flight for accessing a broad range of length scales in vivo.
Our Culture Resounds, Our Future Reveals: A Community Partnership between Ube Arte and the UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive

Our Culture Resounds, Our Future Reveals: A Legacy of Filipino American Performing Arts in California1 (see Figure 1) is a community partnership between the UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive and Ube Art...
Gonzalo Núñez, Rubén Darío y el manuscrito Los arcanos de la música

We examine the history and circumstance in the life of Puerto Rican composer Gonzalo Nunez (1850-1915) during the period from 1900 to 1903. During his second sojourn in Paris he maintained a close personal relationship with Ruben Dario and Amado Nervo, joined by other poets, writers and artists. An extensive on-site research work, conducted in various European, North American and Caribbean libraries and archives, permitted us to gather documentation about the nomadic life of the musician in Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Europe and North America. We show that Nunez’s unpublished manuscript Los arcanos de la musica, housed in the Archive of Music and Sound of Puerto Rico, is the main source of two important articles by Ruben Dario.
Biophysical and rheological biomarkers of red blood cell physiology and pathophysiology.

Purpose of review This review summarizes the significant biophysical and rheological aspects of red blood cell physiology and pathophysiology in relation to recent advances in microfluidic biomarker assays and emerging targeted or curative intent therapies. Recent findings Alterations in red cell biophysical properties and blood rheology have been associated with numerous hematologic and circulatory disorders. Recent advances in biomarker assays enable effective assessment of these biophysical and rheological properties in normoxia or physiological hypoxia in a clinically meaningful way. There are emerging targeted or curative therapies that aim to improve red cell pathophysiology, especially in the context of inherited hemoglobin disorders, such as sickle cell disease. Summary Red cell pathophysiology can be therapeutically targeted and the improvements in membrane and cellular biophysics and blood rheology can now be feasibly assessed via new microfluidic biomarker assays. Recent advances provide a new hope and novel treatment options for major red cell ailments, including inherited hemoglobin disorders, membrane disorders, and other pathologies of the red cell, such as malaria.
Saturated Control of a Switched FES-Cycle with an Unknown Time-Varying Input Delay

Abstract A common rehabilitation for those with lower limb movement disorders is motorized functional electrical stimulation (FES) induced cycling. Motorized FES-cycling is a switched system with uncertain dynamics, unknown disturbances, and there exists an unknown time-varying input delay between the application/removal of stimulation and the onset/removal of muscle force. This is further complicated by the fact that each participant has varying levels of sensitivity to the FES input, and the stimulation must be bounded to ensure comfort and safety. In this paper, saturated FES and motor controllers are developed for an FES-cycle that ensure safety and comfort of the participant, while likewise being robust to uncertain parameters in the dynamics, unknown disturbances, and an unknown time-varying input delay. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis is performed to ensure uniformly ultimately bounded cadence tracking.
Structural styles and evolution of the Campeche salt basin, southern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The late Jurassic Campeche salt basin in the southern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) forms a passive margin foldbelt of late Middle Miocene to the Recent age. The Campeche salt basin is defined by a 200-km-wide updip zone of listric, normal faults of the Comalcalco and Macuspana rifts, and a coeval, 300-km-wide, downdip zone of deeper-water, salt-cored folds, detachment folds with kink bands, thrusts, and diapirs. This study integrates shipborne magnetic data with 28,612 km of pre-stack, depth-migrated, 2D seismic data to reconstruct the geometry of the top of the Paleozoic basement and base-salt topography above which the passive margin foldbelt evolved. Magnetic and basement mapping reveals that the 40-55-km-wide Campeche segment of the 400 km long GOM outer marginal trough marks the limit of the northwest-directed passive margin foldbelt. The elongated basement depression of the outer marginal trough combined with a basement step-up fault along the edge of Jurassic oceanic crust localizes the thickest Bajocian-early Callovian salt. The outer marginal trough controls the arcuate, northwestward, and downdip path of salt flowage within the passive margin foldbelt.
Vertex-Weighted Matching in Two-Directional Orthogonal Ray Graphs

Let G denote an n-vertex two-directional orthogonal ray graph. A bicolored 2D representation of G requires only O(n) space, regardless of the number of edges in G. Given such a compact representation of G, and a (possibly negative) weight for each vertex, we show how to compute a maximum weight matching of G in O(nlog2 n) time. The classic problem of scheduling weighted unit tasks with release times and deadlines is a special case of this problem, and we obtain an O(nlogn) time bound for this special case. As an application of our more general result, we obtain an O(nlog2 n)-time algorithm for computing the VCG outcome of a sealed-bid unit-demand auction in which each item has two associated numerical parameters (e.g., third-party “quality” and “seller reliability” scores) and each bid specifies the amount an agent is willing to pay for any item meeting specified lower bound constraints with respect to these two parameters.
Interval Order Representation via Shortest Paths

Our goal in this paper is to illustrate how the representation theorems for finite interval orders and semiorders can be seen as special instances of existence results for potentials in digraphs. This viewpoint yields short proofs of the representation theorems and provides a framework for certain types of additional constraints on the intervals. We also use it to obtain a minimax theorem for the minimum number of endpoints in a representation. The techniques are based on techniques used by Peter Fishburn in proving results about bounded representations of interval orders.
Geostatistical Simulation of Rock Quality Designation (RQD) to Support Facilities Design at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

The conceptual design of the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository facility includes shafts and ramps as access to the repository horizon, located 200 to 400 m below ground surface. Geostatistical simulation techniques are being employed to produce numerical models of selected material properties (rock characteristics) in their proper spatial positions. These numerical models will be used to evaluate behavior of various engineered features, the effects of construction and operating practices, and the waste-isolation performance of the overall repository system. The work presented here represents the first attempt to evaluate the spatial character of the rock strength index known as rock quality designation (RQD). Although it is likely that RQD reflects an intrinsic component of the rock matrix, this component becomes difficult to resolve given the frequency and orientation of data made available from vertical core records. The constraints of the two-dimensional study along the axis of an exploratory drift allow bounds to be placed upon the resulting interpretations, while the use of an indicator transformation allows focus to be placed on specific details that may be of interest to design engineers. The analytical process and subsequent development of material property models is anticipated to become one of the principalmore » means of summarizing, integrating, and reconciling the diverse suite of earth-science data acquired through site characterization and of recasting the data in formats specifically designed for use in further modeling of various physical processes.« less
Tubal ligation (sterilization) by a modified Madlener method.

565 Medlener-type tubal ligations were performed during the 6-year p eriod from July 1 1945-July 1 1951 with a pregnancy rate of 3.2%. 72% of the tubal ligations were performed within the first 24 hours of delivery. Tubal occlusion has been studied by use of lipiodol and tantalum tape left as markers for X-ray examination. Sodium morrhuate a sclerasing agent was used in addit on to the Madlener method in over 200 patients since the end of 1947. The procedure has been without failure.
Abstract MP56: Epigenome-wide association study of lipid and inflammatory marker to response fenofibrate in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study

Introduction: There is considerable inter-individual variation in response to lipid-lowering drug therapies. This study aimed to discover the epigenetic factors associated with response to fenofibrate, which may be used to facilitate initiatives in personalized medicine. Methods: We conducted an epigenome-wide association study for lipid and inflammatory marker response to 3 weeks of daily treatment with 160 mg of fenofibrate among 749 participants in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study. For both lipids and inflammatory markers, we analyzed the ratio of the post-3 week lipid or inflammatory marker concentration divided by the baseline concentration. We fit mixed models with methylation status of each CpG as the dependent variable and lipid or inflammatory ratio as the variable of interest adjusting for age, sex, study site, and T-cell purity (fixed effects) and family structure (random effect). A Bonferroni corrected P-value of 1.1x10^-7 was considered significant. Results:...
High Wind Upper Ocean Mixing with Explicit Surface Wave Processes

Abstract : The work described here supports the Office of Naval Research Departmental Research Initiative (DRI) for research on the "Impact of Typhoons on the Western Pacific Ocean" (ITOP). The theme of the DRI is to better characterize and predict the ocean boundary layer (OBL) and its impact on typhoon (hurricane) evolution. This is one component of developing improved prediction models for the coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave system. Cooling of the sea surface temperature (SST) is a critical coupling variable influencing atmosphere-ocean hurricane dynamics; SST is largely determined by OBL turbulence, surface wave processes, and mixed layer entrainment. Our research goal is to model the strongly forced wind and wave driven upper OBL using turbulence resolving large-eddy simulation (LES) with explicit wave effects, viz., wave-current interactions and breaking waves and examine their impact on ocean mixing during hurricane events.
Origins of Presidential poll aggregation: A perspective from 2004 to 2012

Abstract US political reporting has become extraordinarily rich in polling data. However, this increase in information availability has not been matched by an improvement in the accuracy of poll-based news stories, which usually examine a single survey at a time, rather than providing an aggregated, more accurate view. In 2004, I developed a meta-analysis that reduced the polling noise for the Presidential race by reducing all available state polls to a snapshot at a single time, known as the Electoral Vote estimator. Assuming that Presidential pollsters are accurate in the aggregate, the snapshot has an accuracy equivalent to less than ± 0.5% in the national popular-vote margin. The estimator outperforms both the aggregator FiveThirtyEight and the betting market InTrade. Complex models, which adjust individual polls and employ pre-campaign “fundamental” variables, improve the accuracy in individual states but provide little or no advantage in overall performance, while at the same time reducing transparency. A polls-only snapshot can also identify shifts in the race, with a time resolution of a single day, thus assisting in the identification of discrete events that influence a race. Finally, starting at around Memorial Day, variations in the polling snapshot over time are sufficient to enable the production of a high-quality, random-drift-based prediction without a need for the fundamentals that are traditionally used by political science models. In summary, the use of polls by themselves can capture the detailed dynamics of Presidential races and make predictions. Taken together, these qualities make the meta-analysis a sensitive indicator of the ups and downs of a national campaign—in short, a precise electoral thermometer.
Co-Rotating Interaction Regions in Stellar Winds: Particle Acceleration and Non-Thermal Radio Emission in Hot Stars

A co-rotating interaction region (CIR) forms in a stellar wind when a fast stream from a rotating star overtakes a slow stream. CIR’s have been studied in detail in the solar wind over the past decade primarily because they are efficient sources of particle acceleration. Here, we point out the usefulness of CIR’s in OB star winds to explain two properties of such winds: deposition of non-radiative energy in the wind far from the stellar surfaces and acceleration of non-thermal particles.
Robotic Design Studio: Exploring the Big Ideas of Engineering in a Liberal Arts Environment

In this paper we argue that it is important to introduce liberal arts students to the essence of engineering. Toward this end we have developed Robotic Design Studio, a course where students learn how to design, assemble, and program robots made out of LEGO® parts, sensors, motors, and small embedded computers. The course has no prerequisites and has attracted students from a wide range of backgrounds. The course culminates in an exhibition where students show off the robots that they have designed and built. These creative projects tie together aspects of a surprisingly wide range of disciplines. Robotic Design Studio represents an alternative vision of how robot design can be used to teach engineering in a way that is more inclusive and provides more room for artistic expression than contest-centered formats. A web site with detailed descriptions of student projects and all other course materials can be found at http://cs.wellesley.edu/rds.
Investigation of plasma process damage in a thick gate oxide, large geometry, process using protected devices

Plasma process induced damage is a major device issue. A non-uniform plasma can generate significant MOS gate damage and this damage is commonly reported on state-of-the-art thin oxides and small devices. This work will describe plasma damage observed on a thick gate, large geometry process. Protected devices were used to confirm plasma damage. Protected devices for study of damage along with issues with fuse protection are discussed. Blowing of fuses may be better than laser cutting and fuse protection of all device nodes may not be needed.
Egg yolk as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant feeding

In this paper we compare the fatty acid content of egg yolks from hens fed four different feeds as a source of docosahexaenoic acid to supplement infant formula. Greek eggs contain more docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 omega 3) and less linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 omega 6) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3 omega 3) than do fish-meal or flax eggs. Two to three grams of Greek egg yolk may provide an adequate amount of DHA and arachidonic acid for a preterm neonate. Mean intake of breast milk at age 1 mo provides 250 mg long-chain omega 3 fatty acids. This amount can be obtained from less than 1 yolk of a Greek egg (0.94), greater than 1 yolk of flax eggs (1.6) and fish-meal eggs (1.4), or 8.3 yolks of supermarket eggs. With proper manipulation of the hens' diets, eggs could be produced with fatty acid composition similar to that of Greek eggs.
DOSIMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS OF STEREOTACTIC BRAIN IMPLANTS

Dose distributions of stereotactic brain implants performed by four institutions were analyzed. In these implants 192Ir or 125I sources were used. The analyses involved an evaluation of the isodose distributions in two orthogonal planes, the dose gradient outside, and the dose homogeneity within the target volume. Quantitative evaluation of the dose homogeneity was performed using three volumetric irradiation indices. The dose homogeneity was observed to improve as the number of catheters increased. However, the number of catheters used is influenced by neurosurgical considerations. Thus, it is necessary to make a compromise between dose homogeneity and the maximum number of catheters to be used. The dose gradient, a centimeter outside the target volume, was found to depend on the geometry of the implant and at distances beyond, it was found to depend on the type of radioisotopes used.