cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Silica Films with Long-Range Order Prepared from Strongly Segregated Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blend Templates

Well-ordered mesoporous silica films were prepared by infusion and selective condensation of Si alkoxides within preorganized block copolymer/homopolymer blend templates using supercritical CO2 as the delivery medium. The morphologies of the mesoporous silica films reflect significant improvements in the strength of segregation and long-range order of template blends of poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers with selectively associating homopolymers such as poly(acrylic acid) or poly(4-hydroxystyrene) prior as compared to templates comprised of the neat copolymer. Control over film porosity, pore ordering, and morphology of the films is achieved through simple variations in the homopolymer concentration. The films were characterized using X-ray reflectivity, small-angle X-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy.
The spectrum of a nonlinear operator associated with a matrix

1.1. Notation and conventions. In this paper A (or B) will always denote an m x YZ matrix with non-negative elements and with no zero row or column, Y will denote an m x 1 column vector (!) with all elements positive and c a 1 x vz row vector. Following the notation of [2], we write M > 0 if M is a matrix and all mij > 0; if M > 0 but M # 0, and we call M a positive matrix (thus a positive matrix may have zero entries). We write M >> 0 if all rnij > 0, and in this case we call M strictly positive.
SourceProbe: web accessibility remediation framework

Web accessibility remediation process consists of four phases: validation, source identification, fix, and redeployment. Traditionally, each phase has been done separately and often manually. The root cause of an error in a web page, which is often in a server-side source, is undiscoverable. The fix is usually done in the HTML source from a browser, and is only available to that browser. This paper describes Web Accessibility Remediation Framework (code-name SourceProbe) architecture. The framework consists of components to identify and fix the root cause of an accessibility error in a web page and automate the four phases of the remediation process to reduce the cost.
Disruption of Escherichia coli Amyloid-Integrated Biofilm Formation at the Air–Liquid Interface by a Polysorbate Surfactant

Functional amyloid fibers termed curli contribute to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. We discovered that the nonionic surfactant Tween 20 inhibits biofilm formation by uropathogenic E. coli at the air–liquid interface, referred to as pellicle formation, and at the solid–liquid interface. At Tween 20 concentrations near and above the critical micelle concentration, the interfacial viscoelastic modulus is reduced to zero as cellular aggregates at the air–liquid interface are locally disconnected and eventually eliminated. Tween 20 does not inhibit the production of curli but prevents curli-integrated film formation. Our results support a model in which the hydrophobic curli fibers associated with bacteria near the air–liquid interface require access to the gas phase to formed strong physical entanglements and to form a network that can support shear stress.
Gender differences in the genetic and environmental determinants of adolescent depression

Background: The well-documented gender differences in the risk for depression may be explained by genetic factors, by different responses to social context, or by a combination of both. We sought to assess whether there were gender differences in the longitudinal associations between serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) genotype and depressive symptoms in adolescents, and whether macrosocial context plays a role in explaining any observed differences. Methods: Using data from a nationally representative survey of adolescents, we applied multilevel mixed models to assess, separately for adolescent males and females (a) the relation between 5-HTTLPR genotype and depressive symptoms and (b) the interaction of county-level deprivation and 5-HTTLPR genotype in models predicting depressive symptoms. All models adjusted for age and other covariates. Results: Among females (n 5560), main effects models showed an association between the sl genotype and lowered risk of depressive symptoms (b 5 � .18, P 5.03). Among males (n 5524), interaction models showed an association between sl genotype and lowered risk of depressive symptoms in deprived counties only (b 5 � .32, P 5.04). Conclusions: In adolescent females, the 5-HTTLPR sl genotype confers protection against depressive symptoms independent of county-level social context, whereas in adolescent males, protection by the same genotype is conferred only within the context of countylevel deprivation. Future work should aim to understand how genetic and macrosocial factors jointly shape risk for mental illness, and how these factors shape gender differences in mental illness. Depression and Anxiety 27:658–666, 2010. r 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Chemical Element Balance for the Pasadena Aerosol

A method has been developed for calculating on a chemical element-by-element basis the contribution of various sources to the aerosol of a polluted atmosphere. Four major sources have been considered and their relative contributions estimated by employing certain trace elements characteristic of each source; sodium, aluminum, lead, and vanadium were utilized for sea salt, soil, automobile emissions, and fuel oil fly ash, respectively. Most of the data used in the calculations were taken from the results of other investigators. New data are reported for soil dust and fuel oil fly ash, including evidence for a fractionation effect in wind raised dust. Calculated compositions for the Pasadena aerosol are in fair agreement with measured values for many elements. Deviations can be explained in most cases in terms of other anthropogenic sources and atmospheric reactions.
Low-Temperature Properties of Renewable High-Density Fuel Blends

The low-temperature properties of high-density terpene dimer fuels and fuel mixtures with JP-8, JP-10, and hydrogenated pinene have been studied by shear viscometry and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). Neat terpene dimers have a viscosity of 3.94 × 103 mPa·s at −10 °C, while 50:50 mixtures with JP-10, RJ-4, pinane, and JP-8 have viscosities 2–3 orders of magnitude lower at 23.9, 53.0, 24.9, and 3.7 mPa·s, respectively. Linear and branched alkanes in JP-8 disrupt glass formation of the dimers, explaining the significant difference between the viscosity afforded by bicyclic diluents and JP-8. To complement the viscosity data, TMA was used to observe low-temperature transitions (Tm and Tg) of the blended fuels. Mixtures of the terpene dimers with cyclic molecules show only glass transition temperatures with no observable melting points, while mixtures with JP-8 and decane show Tg values that transition to melting points at high concentrations of terpene dimers. The results suggest that blending conventional ...
Three-Dimensional Node Mapping Model for Toroidal Field Coils of Tokamak Physics Experiment System

The toroidal field (TF) coils, along with the poloidal field (PF) coils, are used to produce the desirable magnetic field in a Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) system. To design a reliable and cryogenic stabilized system, heat generation and transport in these coils during normal TPX operation mush be carefully considered and analyzed. In order to accurately determine the temperature distribution in the TF coils, a three-dimensional node mapping model has been developed to deal with heat conduction between adjacent turns, pancakes, and case sidewalls. In such a way, the interactive heat transfer effect is taken into account in the design of TF magnets. The node mapping at the coil winding transitions is also integrated into the model.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A Simplified Derivation of Leaf Normal Spherical Coordinates

Applying a simple idea from vector analysis, formulas are derived for the direction in spherical coordinates of the normal vector to a planar leaf in terms of the coordinates of incident and reflected rays.
Introduction to Frontiers in Corpus Annotation II: Pie in the Sky

The Frontiers in Corpus Annotation workshops are opportunities to discuss the state of the art of corpus annotation in computational linguistics. Corpus annotation has pushed the enitre field in new directions by providing new task definitions and new standards of analysis. At the first Frontiers in Corpus Annotation workshop at HLT-NAACL 2004 we compared assumptions underlying different annotation projects in light of both multilingual applications and the pursuit of merged representations that incorporate the result of various annotation projects.
Depression-focused treatment in the context of PTSD and other comorbid disorders

This response paper describes cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating a patient, Howard, who is a combat veteran diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder, somatization disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This paper focuses on strategies for addressing the depression symptoms within the context of the broader clinical picture. Treatment strategies include increasing involvement in positive activities, self-monitoring of mood and behaviors, and cognitive restructuring. Collaboration with other providers is discussed. Potential problems are addressed, and expected treatment outcomes conclude the paper.
Effect of Distinctive Frames on Memory for Pictures

Prior research has found that when attention was brought to the frame of a picture using a verbal cue, memory for frames increased while memory for pictures decreased. This study attempted to test whether the same effect would occur without an explicit verbal cue. Specifically, we compared primary and secondary distinctiveness in frame processing in an attempt to integrate the frame without a verbal cue. Primary distinctiveness was manipulated through color, and secondary distinctiveness was manipulated through the shape of the frame. Participants were shown a series of framed pictures and then given a recognition test for the pictures without the frames. The results replicated the diminished memory for pictures only when secondary distinctiveness was used. Implications of these findings on frame selection are discussed.
Myosin synthesis increased by electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle cell cultures

When cultures of skeletal muscle cells of the chick embryo are subjected to repetitive, electrical stimulation, the contractions increase the amount of protein produced by these cells. The increase is greater for contractile proteins such as myosin heavy chain than for total cellular protein. This demonstrates that in a culture system of skeletal muscle cells that have differentiated in the absence of innervation, one can elicit the protein synthetic response associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy in vivo.
Overlapping but Separable Determinants of DNA Binding and Nuclear Localization Map to the C-terminal End of the Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-12 DNA Binding Domain *

Proteins are commonly viewed as modular assemblies of functional domains. We analyzed a loss-of-function mutation in the Caenorhabditis elegans intracellular receptor DAF-12, a conservative substitution of an arginine to a lysine at position 197 (R197K). Arg197 resides in region similar to a nuclear localization signal, just downstream of the receptor minimal zinc finger DNA binding domain (DBD) core. We found that the R197K, but not mutations of neighboring arginine or lysine residues, dramatically reduced DAF-12 transcriptional regulatory activity in a yeast reporter assay. This reduction in regulatory activity correlated with greatly decreased DNA binding affinity in vitro, suggesting a role for the DAF-12 DBD C-terminal region (dbdC), and specifically for Arg197, in DNA binding. Remarkably, three basic residues immediately contiguous with Arg197 played little role in DNA binding and rather affected nuclear localization; in contrast, Arg197 itself was dispensable for nuclear localization. Thus, DAF-12 dbdC harbors overlapping but separable determinants of DNA binding and nuclear localization in a single small region.
Traffic of p24 Proteins and COPII Coat Composition Mutually Influence Membrane Scaffolding

Eukaryotic protein secretion requires efficient and accurate delivery of diverse secretory and membrane proteins. This process initiates in the ER, where vesicles are sculpted by the essential COPII coat. The Sec13p subunit of the COPII coat contributes to membrane scaffolding, which enforces curvature on the nascent vesicle. A requirement for Sec13p can be bypassed when traffic of lumenally oriented membrane proteins is abrogated. Here we sought to further explore the impact of cargo proteins on vesicle formation. We show that efficient ER export of the p24 family of proteins is a major driver of the requirement for Sec13p. The scaffolding burden presented by the p24 complex is met in part by the cargo adaptor Lst1p, which binds to a subset of cargo, including the p24 proteins. We propose that the scaffolding function of Lst1p is required to generate vesicles that can accommodate difficult cargo proteins that include large oligomeric assemblies and asymmetrically distributed membrane proteins. Vesicles that contain such cargoes are also more dependent on scaffolding by Sec13p, and may serve as a model for large carrier formation in other systems.
Dual-beam phase shift shearography for measurement of in-plane strains

This paper presents a shearographic technique for measuring in-plane strains. During the measurement, the test object is illuminated alternately with two laser beams, symmetrically with respect to the viewing direction. Employing a phase shift technique, the phase distributions due to object deformation for each beam are determined separately. The difference of the two phase distributions depicts the derivative of in-plane surface displacements. The technique is equivalent to a system of many strain gages.
Strength and interface-constrained plasticity in thin metal films

This study seeks to provide a mechanistic rationale for the substrate confinement effect on the strength and plasticity of thin metal films. Atomistic simulations of tensile loading of the freestanding and substrate-bonded films were carried out. Particular attention was devoted to correlating the overall mechanical response and the defect mechanisms on the atomic scale. The existence of an interface with the underlying substrate was observed to constrain significantly the dislocation motion in the film. The extent of film strengthening due to the substrate was dictated by the capability of atoms to slide along the interface.
Tricuspid Valve Repair With the Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System

The technique of tricuspid valve repair with the Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System is described. This system provides a measured plication of the tricuspid valve annulus with a technique that is easily reproducible and permits physiologic motion of the tricuspid annulus.
Intravenous morphine for early pain relief in patients with acute abdominal pain.

Objective: To determine whether morphine affects evaluation or outcome for patients with acute abdominal pain. Methods: Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled administration of morphine sulfate (MS) or normal saline (NS) in the setting of acute abdominal pain. The study was performed at a military ED with an annual census of 60, 000 visits. Patients ±18 years old who had abdominal pain for ± 48 hours were included. Patients who were allergic to MS or who had systolic blood pressures < 90 mm Hg were excluded. The physicians indicated a provisional diagnosis, a differential diagnosis, and a provisional disposition. Study solution was titrated to the patient's assessment of adequate analgesia (up to a volume equivalent of 20 mg of MS); pain response was monitored using a visual analog scale (VAS). The patients were followed until diagnosis occurred or symptoms resolved. Results: Of 75 patients enrolled, 71 completed the study; 35 patients received MS and 36 received NS. More than half (44; 62%) of the patients were admitted from the ED: 28 patients underwent surgery. The VAS pain level improved more for the MS group, 3.9 2 2.8 cm, than it did for the NS group, 0.8 ± 1.5 cm (p < 0.01). Study solution dose was less in the MS group than it was in the NS group, 1.5 ± 0.5 mL vs 1.8 ± 0.4 mL (p <0.01). There was no difference between the groups when comparing accuracy of provisional or differential diagnosis with that of final diagnosis. Differences between provisional and actual dispositions were the same in all groups. There were 3 diagnostic or management errors in each group. Conclusions: When compared with saline placebo, the administration of MS to patients with acute abdominal pain effectively relieved pain and did not alter the ability of physicians to accurately evaluate and treat patients. Key words: abdominal pain; analgesia; analgesics; emergency department; morphine; opiates; pain.
Scaling and the approach to scaling in Reggeon field theory

Abstract We address ourselves to the problem of the approach to asymptotic scaling in Reggeon field theory. We present a method of integration of the renormalization group equations and obtain the asymptotic scaling functions, as well as the corrections which occur at non-asymptotic energies.
Effect of di-ethyl ether anesthesia on thyroid function of rats: pituitary, adrenal and thyroid relationship

The possible role of the pituitary and adrenal hormones in the depressive effect of ether anesthesia on thyroid function in rats was studied. Di-ethyl ether anesthesia for two hours significantly depressed release of radioiodine (I131) from the thiouracil blocked thyroid gland in both bilateral adrenalectomized rats maintained with cortisone and in the bilateral adrenal-medullectomized rats. Administration of ether anesthesia depressed thyroidal uptake of radioiodine in the hypophysectomized rats treated with small doses of exogenous TSH, although no significant effect was noted inthe absence of thyrotropin. Ether anesthesia inhibited the TSH-stimulated release of thyroidal I131 in the hypophyscctomized rats. Recovery from this inhibition by ether was rapid and more marked when larger amounts of TSH were used. These findings indicate that the effect of di-ethyl ether anesthesia in rat thyroid was not mediated through the adrenal cortex or medulla. It is suggested that the ether anesthesia might influence ...
Regular bases in products of power series spaces

Abstract We prove that Λ ∞ ( α ) × Λ 1 ( β ) has a regular basis iff Λ ∞ ( α ) ⊗ Λ 1 ( β ) has a regular basis iff Λ ∞ ( α ) ⊗ Λ 1 ( β ) is isomorphic to a Cartesian product of two power series spaces. We give a simple condition on α, β which determines when these equivalent statements hold.
β2-Integrin-Mediated Adhesion and Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Human Eosinophils

Human eosinophils spontaneously adhere to various substrates in the absence of exogenously added activators. In the present study a method was developed for characterizing eosinophil adhesion by measuring changes in impedance. Impedance measurements were performed in HCO3-buffered HybriCare medium maintained in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C. Impedance increased by more than 1 kΩ within minutes after eosinophils made contact with the substrate, reaching a peak within 20 min. Blocking mobilization of intracellular [Ca2+] that precedes adhesion with BAPTA-AM (10 μM) completely inhibited the rise in impedance as well as the changes in cell shape typically observed in adherent cells. However, lowering the extracellular [Ca2+] with 2.5 mM EGTA did not inhibit the increase in impedance. Pretreatment with anti-CD18 antibody to block substrate interactions with β2-integrins, or jasplakinolide (2 μM) to block actin reorganization, abolished the increase in impedance and adherent morphology of the cells. Exposure of eosinophils to the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 (5 μM) or treatment with protein kinase C zeta pseudosubstrate to competitively inhibit activity of the enzyme significantly reduced the increase in impedance and inhibited the cell spreading associated with adhesion. These results demonstrate a novel method for measuring eosinophil adhesion and showed that, following formation of a tethered attachment, a rapid increase in intracellular [Ca2+] precedes the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for cell shape changes and plasma membrane-substrate interactions associated with adhesion.
THE VISUALIZATION OF CONCANAVALIN A BINDING SITES IN PURKINJE CELL SOMATA AND DENDRITES OF RAT CEREBELLUM

The localization of concanavalin A (Con A) binding sites in Purkinje cell somata and dendrites has been studied using a peroxidase labeling technique. In the somata, the nuclear, Golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes are rich in Con A binding sites. The hypolemmal cisternae, which are continuous with the ER from the soma and throughout the dendritic tree of Purkinje cells, are also rich in Con A binding sites. Other cisternae seen in these dendrites do not bind detectable amounts of Con A. The results suggest that a cisternal system, rich in carbohydrate, may be continuous from the nuclear envelope to distal dendritic segments of Purkinje cells. Such a system could play a role in the movement of materials from Purkinje somata to dendrites.
On the histogram as a density estimator:L 2 theory

Let f be a probability density on an interval I, finite or infinite: I includes its finite endpoints, if any; and f vanishes outside of I. Let X1, . . . ,X k be independent random variables, with common density f The empirical histogram for the X's is often used to estimate f To define this object, choose a reference point xosI and a cell width h. Let Nj be the number of X's falling in the j th class interval:
Detection of hepatitis A virus proteins in infected BS-C-1 cells

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is distinguished from other picornaviruses by its tropism for the liver in infected hosts, a nonlytic infection in hepatocytes, and a slow and nonlytic growth cycle in cultured cells. Although the genome structure and organization of HAV appear to be similar to those of the other picornaviruses, the viral proteins synthesized in infected cells have not been previously characterized. We have utilized specific antisera raised in rabbits to recombinant HAV proteins expressed in Escherichia coli in an effort to identify both structural and nonstructural proteins in BS-C-1 cells throughout the course of a viral replication cycle. Replication was monitored by dot blot hybridization of viral genomes. Structural proteins VP0, VP1, VP2, and VP3 were found to accumulate during the infection cycle as did viral RNA. Nonstructural proteins 2C and 3D were not detected on immunoblots, although a minor amount of 2C could be detected by immunoprecipitation of lysates of radiolabeled, infected cells. The relative sensitivities of the various antisera were determined, and the failure to observe nonstructural proteins was shown not to be due to decreased sensitivity of the detection reagents. Thus, it appears that HAV nonstructural proteins do not accumulate in infected cells to levels comparable to those of capsid proteins.
Effect of Iproniazid on the Antileukæmic Action of Reserpine

AN earlier communication reported the ability of reserpine to exert an antitumour effect1. This effect has been, in general, associated with the depressant action of the drug on the central nervous system1–3. Treatment with reserpine produced a significant increase in the survival-time of mice carrying advanced lymphoid leukaemia (L1210) and caused regression of the local tumour which develops at the inoculation site1. Robison et al. have made similar observations2. Belkin observed that reserpine and chlorpromazine inhibited the growth of the solid tumour, sarcoma 373. Cranston4, on the other hand, failed to demonstrate inhibitory action on recent transplants of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma in mice with reserpine, chlorpromazine, promazine or promethazine. Chorazy5 found no inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine on Crocker sarcoma or Ehrlich carcinoma in mice.
Molecular control of blood flow and angiogenesis: role of nitric oxide.

Summary. In the past decade, the importance of the vascular endothelium as a multifunctional regulator of vascular smooth muscle physiology and pathophysiology has been appreciated. Indeed, the endothelium responds to hemodynamic stimuli (pressure, shear stress and wall strain) and locally manufactured mediators (such as bradykinin, prostaglandins, angiotensin II and nitric oxide) that can influence blood flow, cell trafficking into tissue and angiogenesis. In this chapter, the importance of nitric oxide (NO) as a mediator of blood flow control, vascular permeability and angiogenesis will be discussed.
Effects of N on the electronic structures of H defects in III–V semiconductors

Abstract Nitrogen has profound effects on the electronic structure of III–V semiconductors, as adding a few percent of N can drastically lower the band gap. Hydrogen, on the other hand, is an important impurity in III–V semiconductors. Using first-principles band structure calculations we find that N can also qualitatively alter the electronic behavior of hydrogen in III–V semiconductors. We show that in GaAsN and GaPN a H atom bonds preferentially to the more electronegative N and can act as a donor in its own right. At high Fermi energy and H concentration, the H 2 ∗ complex associated with N is stabilized. The formation of the H 2 ∗ removes the effect of N on the band gap, restoring the gap of GaAs. For GaPN, the calculated local vibrational frequencies and isotope shifts of H 2 ∗ are in good agreement with experiments.
Perceiving the sex and identity of a talker without natural vocal timbre

The personal attributes of a talker perceived via acoustic properties of speech are commonly considered to be an extralinguistic message of an utterance. Accordingly, accounts of the perception of talker attributes have emphasized a causal role of aspects of the fundamental frequency and coarsegrain acoustic spectra distinct from the detailed acoustic correlates of phonemes. In testing this view, in four experiments, we estimated the ability of listeners to ascertain the sex or the identity of 5 male and 5 female talkers from sinusoidal replicas of natural utterances, which lack fundamental frequency and natural vocal spectra. Given such radically reduced signals, listeners appeared to identify a talker’s sex according to the central spectral tendencies of the sinusoidal constituents. Under acoustic conditions that prevented listeners from determining the sex of a talker, individual identification from sinewave signals was often successful. These results reveal that the perception of a talker’s sex and identity are not contingent and that fine-grain aspects of a talker’s phonetic production can elicit individual identification under conditions that block the perception of voice quality.
Rare Earth Elements in Returned Lunar Samples

A linear correlation between concentrations of Sm and ratios of Sm to Eu for nine lunar samples suggests that those samples could correspond to liquids from equilibrium partial melting of a common source. On the basis of partition coefficients in terrestrial systems, the fraction of melting would not have exceeded about 15 percent and the immediate source could have been composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, and opaque minerals plus at least 25 percent feldspar, with at most a few percent calcic clinopyroxene and less than 1 percent apatite. The large Eu depletions could also have been produced by fractional crystallization if the ratio of Eu(2+) to Eu(3+) in lunar magmas significantly exceeds the values for terrestrial magmas.
Successful Psychopaths: Are They Unethical Decision-Makers and Why?

Successful psychopaths, defined as individuals in the general population who nevertheless possess some degree of psychopathic traits, are receiving increasing amounts of empirical attention. To date, little is known about such individuals, specifically with regard to how they respond to ethical dilemmas in business contexts. This study investigated this relationship, proposing a mediated model in which the positive relationship between psychopathy and unethical decision-making is explained through the process of moral disengagement, defined as a cognitive orientation that facilitates unethical choice. The results of the study supported this model, and implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Japanese day-of-the-week return patterns: New results

Abstract We make tests on day-of-the-week stock market return patterns for Japan. We find that until the 1990s, Tuesdays have abnormal losses; in the 1990s, Tuesday losses disappear and Mondays have abnormal losses. Tests find that volume changes drive out the Monday loss.
Descrambling Dscam diversity

Neuronal processes exhibit exquisitely complex branching patterns crucial for the formation of distinct neural circuits. In this issue of Cell, Chen et al. (2006) show that the isoform diversity of the Dscam protein in Drosophila is required to establish stereotypical axonal branching patterns, suggesting that nonrandom expression of Dscam alternative splice variants determines neural connectivity.
Dopant Distribution in Nominally Yttrium-Doped Sapphire

The dopant distribution in nominally yttrium-doped sapphire is characterized. The results indicate that virtually all of the intended dopant segregated to the surface of the crystal during growth. This implies that the solubility of yttrium in alumina is <10 ppm even at temperatures approaching the melting point of alumina.
Product review: the Coreco Oculus-500 imaging system.

Recent developments in computer imaging technology have brought about significant improvements in the display resolution and capabilities of desk-top imaging systems. The Coreco, Inc. Oculus-500 is a group of high resolution imaging boards for use with IBM-AT and compatible computers. The tested $8000 system consists of a 2 Mb interface board, display/controller board, driver, toolkit, and software interface package. With a display resolution of 1280 × 1024 @ 60 Hz non-interlaced, the OC-500 offers excellent resolution. The accompanying software is being further developed by a responsive company, but can in places be tedious to use. However, the result of understanding the software is a system with superb capabilities.
The role of ferroxidase-II and a ferroxidase inhibitor in iron mobilization from tissue stores.

Abstract Injection of ferroxidase-II into copper-deficient rabbits resulted in a rapid, large, increase in the serum iron concentration which was equivalent to the increase observed when ceruloplasmin was injected into the same animals. A recently discovered serum inhibitor of ferroxidase-II, was also shown to potently inhibit ceruloplasmin. Acceleration of iron mobilization from storage tissues by dietary manipulation or repetitive bleeding of rabbits leads to a large decrease in the serum content of the inhibitor and a corresponding increase in the total serum ferroxidase activity. These studies suggest that ferroxidase-II could serve as a viable, alternative mobilizer of iron from tissue stores and that the recently discovered serum ferroxidase inhibitor could participate in the regulation of the efflux of iron from tissue stores.
LXII. Reflections on the zodiacs found by the French in Upper Egypt

(1802). LXII. Reflections on the zodiacs found by the French in Upper Egypt. The Philosophical Magazine: Vol. 13, No. 52, pp. 371-375.
Coastal ecosystem dynamics: Relevance of benthic processes

Abstract It is believed that the ecological balance and productivity of marine coastal environments are directly related to nutrient supplies from various sources including riverine-estuarine-coastal exchange, upwelling, precipitation, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient regeneration. In south Texas coastal waters, where phytoplankton productivity is comparable to other high productive coastal areas, many nutrient sources are suspected, but are not equally important in supplying sufficient nutrients to drive coastal production dynamics. Nitrogen regeneration from the benthos is implicated from a 2.5-y study of the nutrient cycling processes important in contributing to production levels in these waters. Sediments of the south Texas coastal habitat appear to exhibit a sensitive coupling with overlying waters, where a strong negative correlation exists between the random periodicity of external supplies of ‘new’ nitrogen to the coastal system and the rate at which nitrogen is recycled by sediments. This pattern buffers these waters against extended periods of low input of nutrients from external sources. The development of a conceptual scheme for nutrient cycling in this coastal habitat has provided a more holistic framework from which we can derive an objective assessment of the importance of mechanisms in the system. All data collected so far suggest that the primary production of organic matter and passage through the benthic habitat of these coastal waters is an important pattern responsible for the continued maintenance of productivity in the south Texas coastal ecosystem.
The Eaton-Lambert Myasthenic Syndrome and Long-Term Treatment with Prednisolone

KIMURA, I. and AYYAR, D.R. The Eaton-Lambert Myasthenic Syndrome and Long-Term Treatment with Prednisolone. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1984, 143 (4), 405-408 - A 34-year-old women with the Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome was treated with prednisolone for over a year. Proximal muscle weakness and breathing difficulty due to weakness in the respiratory muscles showed improvements after long-term administration of prednisolone. Electrophysiological studies before treatment revealed decreased amplitudes of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP), a decrement in CMAP to low frequency nerve stimulation, an increment on high frequency stimulation and posttetanic facilitation over 300%. Following administration of prednisolone, these electrophysiological parameters became almost normal. This case suggests that immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisolone may have a place in the management of the patients with myasthenic syndrome, especially of those who has no evidence of malignant tumor.
Surgical Outcomes After Cytoreductive Nephrectomy With Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy

Objective To determine postoperative outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and level II through IV inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus (IVCT), and their ability to receive systemic therapy. Materials and Methods We reviewed medical records of all patients with mRCC and level II through IV IVCT who underwent surgery between January 1990 and December 2012 at our institution. Complications within 30 days of surgery were recorded according to the Clavien-Dindo system. Survival was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and intergroup comparisons were performed with the log-rank statistics. Results Seventy-six patients were identified, of which 30 (40%), 31 (41%), and 15 (20%) patients had a level II, III, and IV IVCT, respectively. Perioperative mortality was 6.6%. The overall postoperative complication rate was 37%, of which 7.8% (n = 6) were classified as major postoperative complications (Clavien grade 3-5). Follow-up information was available in 60 patients, of whom 90% received a postoperative systemic therapy. Four patients chose expectant management, and 2 patients died of progressive disease before receiving systemic therapy. Overall median survival was 14 months and was significantly related to postoperative treatment with targeted molecular therapies and number of prognostic risk factors, but was not influenced by the level of IVC tumor thrombus. Conclusion Cytoreductive nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy can be performed with acceptable complication rates and should be considered as an integral part of the treatment approach for patients with mRCC and IVC tumor thrombi.
Pressure control scheme for air brakes in commercial vehicles

Air brake systems are widely used in commercial vehicles such as trucks, tractor-trailers and buses. In these brake systems, compressed air is used as the energy transmitting medium to actuate the foundation brakes mounted on the axles. Here, we present a control scheme for regulating the pressure of air in a brake chamber of these brake systems. This scheme is based on a non-linear model for predicting the pressure transients in the brake chamber that correlates the brake chamber pressure to the treadle valve (brake application valve) plunger displacement and the pressure of the air supplied to the brake system. The control scheme regulates the pressure in the brake chamber by modulating the displacement of the treadle valve plunger. We have implemented this control scheme on the brake testing facility at Texas A&M University and present results for a variety of test runs in which the controller tracks realistic desired pressure trajectories. (A)
New lower bounds for the size of edge chromatic critical graphs

In this paper, by applying the discharging method, we obtain new lower bounds for the size of edge chromatic critical graphs for small maximum degree Δ. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 46: 81–92, 2004
A phosphorus pentoxide desiccant employing exfoliated vermiculite as carrier

Abstract A granular carrier based phosphorus pentoxide of selective mesh sieve size aggregates is described. The water absorption capacity at maximum efficiency is 18·3 percent of reagent weight. This desiccant, as compounded, and as the spent material, is simple to prepare from commercially available materials and free flowing.
Fast Normalized Cross-Correlation enhanced floating car data estimation

This paper introduces a fast matching algorithm to reduce the computational cost of the matching phase in the correlation algorithm based cellular probe speed estimation [1]. Real-time traffic speed is essential in current intelligent transportation systems for identifying traffic congestion and providing high quality navigation services. The correlation algorithm shows superior performance over the localization algorithm and the handoff algorithm in both highways and local arterial. According to this method, recorded handset's signal strength profiles are compared with training traces at the same road. The speed scale which determined by the stretch or compression rate of the matched training trace is used to identify the speed of the target mobile probe. However, a critical issue of the current correlation algorithm, the time efficiency, was not investigated and discussed. The major contribution of this paper is to provide an efficient way to utilize the Fast Normalized Cross-Correlation (FNCC) algorithm to significantly reduce the computational consumption of the present correlation algorithm based method from 3N(M − N) additions/subtractions and 2N(M −N) multiplications to 9Mlog(M) additions/subtractions and 6Mlog(M) multiplications. Parameters N and M are size of the testing trace and the training trace, respectively. Experiment results concluded that 97% computational cost of the Pearson product Moment Correlation Co-efficient (PMCC) algorithm based matching method can be saved by implementing the FNCC method.
Closed-loop MPEG video rendering

Closed-loop video rendering implies generating video streams in compressed form given as input video streams that are in compressed form such as JPEG or MPEG bit streams. Closed-loop video rendering has significant advantages over open-loop schemes including reduced storage requirements which in turn reduces memory disk swapping time that constitutes a large portion of the time spent in the desktop editing of massive video material. Processing in the compressed domain also offers faster processing speeds due to the smaller data size present in the compressed domain. This approach also improves image quality since multiple decompression and compression processes are avoided during the editing process. Based on MPEG, a standard video compression scheme, the authors discuss fundamental techniques, analyze pros and cons, implications and preferences for a compressed domain video rendering system. A software-based system for real-time video rendering is proposed with preliminary results demonstrating the feasibility of their closed-loop MPEG video rendering approach.
Life or Death Decisions: Framing the Call for Help

Background Chronic blood shortages in the U.S. would be alleviated by small increases, in percentage terms, of people donating blood. The current research investigated the effects of subtle changes in charity-seeking messages on the likelihood of people responses to a call for help. We predicted that “avoid losses” messages would lead to more helping behavior than “promote gains” messages would. Method Two studies investigated the effects of message framing on helping intentions and behaviors. With the help and collaboration of the Red Cross, Study 1, a field experiment, directly assessed the effectiveness of a call for blood donations that was presented as either death-preventing (losses) or life-saving (gains), and as being of either more or less urgent need. With the help and collaboration of a local charity, Study 2, a lab experiment, assessed the effects of the gain-versus-loss framing of a donation-soliciting flyer on individuals’ expectations of others’ monetary donations as well their own volunteering behavior. Study 2 also assessed the effects of three emotional motivators - feelings of empathy, positive affect, and relational closeness. Result Study 1 indicated that, on a college campus, describing blood donations as a way to “prevent a death” rather than “save a life” boosted the donation rate. Study 2 showed that framing a charity’s appeals as helping people to avoid a loss led to larger expected donations, increased intentions to volunteer, and more helping behavior, independent of other emotional motivators. Conclusion This research identifies and demonstrates a reliable and effective method for increasing important helping behaviors by providing charities with concrete ideas that can effectively increase helping behavior generally and potentially death-preventing behavior in particular.
Mixed‐crystal infrared studies of chain folding in polyethylene single crystals: Effect of crystallization temperature

Mixed crystals of polyethylene (PEH) and various-molecular-weight perdeuterated polyethylenes (PEDs) have been prepared at 80°C and their infrared spectra compared with those of samples grown at 55°C. Concentrations of 80 PEH/1 PED were required in the former case to eliminate segregation effects whereas 40 PEH/1 PED sufficed in the latter. Resolution of the observed CD2 bend contour was most reasonably achieved with a crystalline singlet and two crystalline doublets, in addition to a contribution (ca. 15%) from the noncrystalline component. The singlet, comprising about 20% of the crystalline area, contains contributions from both isolated stems and (200) adjacent reentry folding. Random reentry folding is therefore not a predominant mode of chain organization in polyethylene single crystals. The inner of the two doublets arises from adjacent reentry folding along single (110) planes, and is present for all PED molecular weights. For low-molecular-weight fractions this splitting is consistent with the number of stems of one PED molecule allowed in the crystal. The outer doublet arises from multiple (110) plane adjacency, and is present for intermediate and high molecular weights. An analysis of both doublets suggests that at high molecular weights a single molecule can crystallize with noncontiguous regions of adjacent stem domains.
Globalization and the market for high‐ability managers

We add heterogeneous workers and search-generated unemployment to a Melitz-style economy. Depending on their productivity, firms choose to search exclusively for one of two types of skilled workers, or possibly undertake a broad search for either. Increased globalization changes the cost–benefit calculus of different search strategies and therefore alters the range of firms willing to implement the alternative search strategies.
An examination of the relation between vocational identity, consistency, and differentiation

Abstract This study examines the theorized relation between vocational identity, and the concepts of consistency and differentiation (Holland 1985). A total of 211 male and 353 female academically superior high school juniors participated. Measures of vocational identity were computed using the Vocational Identity scale of the My Vocational Situation. Multiple measures of consistency and differentiation were computed by using the interest scores obtained from the Self-Directed Search. Correlation techniques were used to examine the relation between the three constructs. The results suggested that vocational identity was not related to consistency or differentiation. The findings were discussed in terms of their implications for Holland's theory and for counseling.
Queueing systems with hard delay constraints: a framework for real-time communication over unreliable wireless channels

We provide an account of recent work that formulates and addresses problems that arise when employing wireless networks to serve clients that generate real-time flows. From a queueing systems perspective, these problems can be described as single-server problems where there are several customer classes. Customers balk when their delay exceeds a threshold. There are a range of issues that are of interest. One of the first such issues is to determine what throughput rate vectors are feasible, and to determine the server's schedule. Another is to maximize a utility function of the departure rates of the customer classes. Real-time flows have a delay bound for each of their packets. It is particularly challenging to provide delay guarantees for real-time flows in wireless networks since wireless transmissions are unreliable. We propose a model that jointly considers the delay bounds of packets, the unreliable wireless channels, and the throughput requirements of clients. We then determine the necessary and sufficient condition for feasibility of the client requirements. The analysis and condition are interesting since this problem gives rise to some new features concerning unavoidable idle times in a system. We further derive an efficient, nearly linear time algorithm for admission control, which precisely determines whether it is feasible to fulfill the requirements of all clients in the system. We also propose two on-line scheduling policies and prove that they can fulfill the requirements of all clients whenever that is feasible. We next turn to the scenario where the throughput requirements of clients are elastic, but with hard delay bounds. We formulate this as a utility maximization problem, where client utilities are based on their throughputs. We decompose this problem into two subproblems, and show that this decomposition can be naturally implemented as a bidding game among all clients and the access point, which plays the role of a centralized scheduler. In the bidding game, the strategy of each client is to carry out a simple selfish optimization. We show that the strategy of the access point can be implemented by a simple on-line scheduling policy. A surprising result is that the channel reliabilities need not be known a priori.