cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface analysis of chalcogenide semiconductors used in photovoltaics (Conference Presentation)

Both CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 have produced highly efficient thin film solar cells, exceeding 22% in champion devices. Both are also manufactured in large scales and show promise as future energy technologies. However, understanding the current collection mechanisms and mechanisms of instability in the devices remain a concern. To address these questions, we have used scanning probe and photoemission spectroscopies to study the response of chalcogenide materials to light and how charge is collected. Results of scanning microwave impedance microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy show dramatic differences in the behavior of CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS). The results include characterization of the effect of CdCl2 treatment on the properties CdTe grains and grain boundaries. This treatment dramatically increases the current collection in the grain boundaries. Thus we show that CdTe solar cells operate apparently by generation of electron hole pairs in the CdTe grains and collection of electrons to the grain boundaries. By contrast, CIGS grains show little or no contrast between the grains and grain boundaries and no obvious conduction pathway through the grain boundaries appears to exist. Our surface analysis results are supplemented with other measurements of both surface and bulk microchemistry and microstructure.
Comparison of a Programed Method of Beginning Reading Instruction with the Look-and-Say Method

This experiment involved comparison of a programed method of beginning reading instruction with a variation of the look-and-say technique. 15 kindergarten children were randomly divided into three treatment conditions. The first group was taught 20 words from the story, Goldilocks and the Three Bears, in a programed instructional manner. Echoic, pictorial, intraverbal, and textual stimuli were used to overdetermine correct reading responses in the beginning. The supplementary stimuli were gradually faded as the Ss progressed through the program until only the textual stimuli remained. The second group was taught with the look-and-say technique. These Ss received the same number of training trials with identical words as the programed group; however, there were no supplementary stimuli to be subsequently faded. There was also a control group which received no reading instruction. The two instructional groups showed significant and practically identical improvement as indicated by pre-, mid-, and posttest scores on tests of reading ability for the 20 words. The control group showed no improvement in reading ability. The lack of differential effectiveness for the two instructional techniques was discussed.
Almond (Prunus dulcis) is susceptible to Fusarium euwallaceae, a fungal pathogen vectored by the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer in California

Fusarium euwallaceae is a vascular fungal pathogen vectored by the ambrosia beetle Polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) (Euwallacea sp. nr. fornicatus) which was recently introduced in California and together cause Fusarium Dieback on multiple hardwood tree species. During previous surveys done by Eskalen et al. 2013, several Prunus spp. were identified as reproductive hosts for this pest-disease complex. Nonetheless, the suitability of almond as a reproductive host for this pest-disease complex remains unknown despite the significant production of almond in California, which accounts for 82% of the world’s total production (The Almond Board of California 2015). Moreover, the northern advancement of invasive shot hole borers into the coastal counties of Santa Barbara and recently in San Luis Obispo has raised concerns about the potential progression of the beetle into the San Joaquin Valley, where the majority of almonds are grown. The beetles cause the most damage on reproductive hosts due to mass accumula...
Theoretical study of the photothermal behaviour of self-assembled magnetic-plasmonic chain structures.

We study the field-directed self-assembly and photothermal behavior of one-dimensional (1D) chains of core–shell Fe3O4@Au magnetic–plasmonic nanoparticles. Monte Carlo analysis is used to predict the self-assembly of the nanoparticles when they are subjected to a uniform magnetic field and confined to a fluidic nanochannel. A coupled photonic and thermodynamic analysis is performed to analyze the optical and photothermal properties of the 1D chain structures. We show for the first time that the assembled chain structures exhibit a pronounced dip in their absorption spectrum at a wavelength that is strongly sensitive to changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The plasmon enhanced features of these structures are well suited for a variety of theranostic modalities as we discuss.
Faculty Performance and Morale in Higher Education: A Systems Approach

Universities face problems that are complex and dynamic, which makes strategic planning particularly difficult. Traditional planning approaches in universities could be improved using systems approaches. In this paper, we present systems maps and insights from a series of participatory systems mapping sessions in a higher education institution. More specifically, we discuss key issues of faculty performance and morale. We look at how innovation attempts for improving quality and efficiency of education affect faculty morale. Then we explain unintended consequences of faculty hiring decisions. Finally, we discuss the issue of faculty salary inequity and how it may lead to performance and financial problems. We believe these maps will be of value to higher education administrators seeking to support faculty success and looking for ways to enhance their strategic planning process. Our study encourages a wider application of systems approaches as planning tools for higher education. Copyright Â© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integral Solutions to the Equation x2 + y2 + z2 = u2: A Geometrical Approach

(1984). Integral Solutions to the Equation x2 + y2 + z2 = u2: A Geometrical Approach. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 222-223.
Boundary Value Problems

This chapter is devoted to boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. It begins with analysis of the existence and uniqueness of solutions to these problems, and the effect of perturbations to the problem. The first numerical approach is the shooting method. This is followed by finite differences and collocation. Finite elements allow for the development of very high order methods for many boundary value problems, but their analysis typically requires sophisticated ideas from real analysis. The chapter ends with the application of deferred correction to both collocation and finite elements.
Imaging Matrix Materials and Fundamental Lamellae Structure of Biogenic Aragonite

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to image lamellae at the nanometer level of resolution in broken sections of otoliths of snapper (Pagrus major), hake (Macruronus novaezelandiae) and salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as well as in abiogenic aragonite. In abiogenic aragonite the mean lamellae width is found to be 30 nm. Comparison of the values of lamellae widths obtained from the published literature showed no significant difference between the lamellae widths measured from atomic force and transmission electron microscopy of otoliths of hake (Macruronus novaezelandiae). There are, however, statistically significant differences in lamellae widths between species, that is, the mean lamellae width is in the order of snapper (80 nm) < hake (90 nm) < salmon (130 nm).
Membranes for Hemodialysis

Not only have the number and type of hemodialyis membranes proliferated over the past decade, but expectations of what a membrane should, and should not, do have altered to the extent that researchers and clinicians alike now find it difficult to understand the patient consequences of hemodialyzer membrane selection. The associated literature is extensive, e.g. Medline® contains over 1500 citations to hemodialysis membranes, but several comprehensive technical reviews are available (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11). This chapter begins with a brief introduction and history. Then it describes and classifies currently available membranes and summarizes our current understanding of how a membrane’s physical properties and chemical structure determine its transport characteristics and biocompatibility
A Unified Approach to Hypernumbers

In teaching the subject of tensor analysis, the authors were impressed by two characteristics of the available textbooks: the unnecessary narrowness of the subject, which is confined to quantities that transform in a few special ways, and the vagueness of the presentation, which leaves the student in doubt as to exactly how the quantities are manipulated. The paper attempts to broaden the subject and thus to carry on the pioneer work of Dr. Struik.
Clinical Efficacy of TroVax in the Treatment of Progressive Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

With approximately 240,890 new cases expected in 2011, prostate cancer remains the leading cause of non-melanoma cancer deaths in men. Immunotherapies using viral vector-based delivery systems targeting tumor-specific antigens are being studied. Viral vector-based delivery systems present tumor-targeted antigens (TAAs) to the immune system while breaking self-tolerance. Modified vaccinia ankara has been combined with the oncofetal antigen 5T4 to create TroVax for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The 5T4 antigen is highly expressed in a large number of carcinomas, including prostate cancer, but is rarely expressed in healthy tissue. TroVax has been demonstrated to be safe and highly immunogenic, both as monotherapy and in combination with other standard of care therapies in colorectal, renal cell, and prostate cancer. With minimal side effects and the ability to produce a strong immunogenic response, TroVax (MVA-5T4) is a viable addition to the treatment of prostate cancer.
Prevention and Treatment Regimens for Non-viral Infections in the Lung Transplant Recipient

Lung transplantation has become an accepted treatment for patients with end-stage pulmonary parenchymal and vascular disease. Despite more than two decades of improvements in surgical technique and immunosuppressive agents, long-term survival of the lung transplant recipient continues to lag behind other solid organ transplants. Infection remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality at all time points following lung transplantation. Challenges in managing infections in the lung transplant recipient include (1) difficulty in the recognition of and early diagnosis of infection as infectious signs and symptoms may be masked by immunosuppressive agents; (2) acute cellular rejection that may present as a febrile illness with chest radiographic changes in the lung transplant recipient; (3) significant drug-drug interactions between anti-infectious agents and immunosuppressive medications and their toxic side effects; (4) a broad array of pathogens causing clinical disease; and (5) the rapid progression of infections. Invasive diagnostic tests are typically required to make a timely diagnosis which is essential to optimize treatment and limit adverse side effects and immunosuppressive drug interactions. This chapter will review the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of common non-viral infections in lung transplant recipients.
Adapting PCIT to Treat Anxiety in Young Children: The PCIT CALM Program

Despite tremendous progress and success in the development of well-established treatments for anxiety presenting in middle childhood and adolescence, advances in the development of supported practices for treating early childhood anxiety has lagged. Fortunately, in more recent years, the field has begun to witness a number of very important advances in the development of interventions designed specifically to treat early childhood anxiety and behavioral inhibition. One of the most promising advances in this area has been the adaptation of parent–child interaction therapy to address early childhood anxiety problems. As in traditional PCIT for early externalizing problems, PCIT adaptations for early-onset anxiety target child symptoms indirectly by reshaping the primary context of child development. This chapter reviews the research support for the PCIT CALM program and describes the program in detail. The chapter concludes with a case example of the program.
Multiple causation, indirect measurement and generalizability in the social sciences

The fact that causal laws in the social sciences are most realistically expressed as both multivariate and stochastic has a number of very important implications for indirect measurement and generalizability. It becomes difficult to link theoretical definitions of general constructs in a one-to-one relationship to research operations, with the result that there is conceptual slippage in both experimental and nonexperimental research. It is argued that problems of this nature can be approached by developing specific multivariate causal models that incorporate sources of measurement bias, along with the theoretical variables of interest. Many general concepts are defined in such a way that causal assumptions are built into the definitions themselves. Additionally, in any given piece of research it is necessary to omit many variables from consideration, and this is often done without careful consideration of the assumptions required to justify such omissions. Finally, generalization to more inclusive populations or a diversity of settings ordinarily requires one to replace “constants” by variables. It is concluded that the criteria of parsimony, generalizability, and precision are incompatible, given the multivariate nature of social causation, and the author expresses his own preference for sacrificing parsimony in favor of the objectives of achieving increased precision and generalizability of social science laws.
A Dynamic Linguistic Picture: The Name YHWH in Sefer ha-Bahir and in Early Provencal and Geronese Kabbalah

This chapter offers a detailed discussion of the Name in the early Kabbalah of Provence and Gerona. It follows the writings of R. Isaac the Blind, R. Ezra and R. Azriel of Gerona, R. Abraham Ben David, R. Jacob Ben Sheshet, and Nahmanides. Four principal interpretive trends emerge out of this elaborate survey. The first views the Name as a powerful theurgical instrument utilized to direct the mystical intention (kavanah) in its ascendance to heaven in order to mend fractures within the divine worlds. The second trend identifies the name YHWH with a central sefirah or emanation, usually tif’eret, rendering the Name a theosophical cornerstone of the Godhead. The third trend locates a distinct reference in each of the four letters comprising the Name, creating when combined a concise yet full map of the divine world of Sefirot. The fourth trend equates YHWH with the entire Torah, thus promoting a horizon of hermeneutical meanings to the Name. For the cabalists as well then, understanding YHWH involved an intricate combination of descriptive and indicative moves. In contrast to Scholem’s symbolic position, the chapter contends that when combined all four trends understand the relationship between the Name and its divine bearer as a special pictorial relation.
SMART2: Multi-library Statistical Mitogenome Assembly with Repeats

SMART2 is an enhanced version of the SMART pipeline for mitogenome assembly from low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. Novel features include automatic selection of the optimal number of read pairs used for assembly and the ability to assemble multiple sequencing libraries when available. SMART2 succeeded in generating mitochondrial sequences for 26 metazoan species with WGS data but no previously published mitogenomes in NCBI databases. The SMART2 pipeline is publicly available via a user-friendly Galaxy interface at https://neo.engr.uconn.edu/?tool_id=SMART2.
Developing Teacher Credibility in Urban Environments: A B.E.A.R. Necessity:

Teacher credibility is a prerequisite of effective instruction. A credible teacher is honest, knowledgeable, and caring. Credible teachers do the right thing when no one is watching; they are in co...
Satb2 neurons in the parabrachial nucleus mediate taste perception

The neural circuitry mediating taste has been mapped out from the periphery to the cortex, but genetic identity of taste-responsive neurons has remained elusive. Here, we describe a population of neurons in the gustatory region of the parabrachial nucleus that express the transcription factor Satb2 and project to taste-associated regions, including the gustatory thalamus and insular cortex. Using calcium imaging in awake, freely licking mice, we show that Satb2 neurons respond to the five basic taste modalities. Optogenetic activation of these neurons enhances taste preferences, whereas chronic inactivation decreases the magnitude of taste preferences in both brief- and long-access taste tests. Simultaneous inactivation of Satb2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons in the PBN abolishes responses to aversive tastes. These data suggest that taste information in the parabrachial nucleus is conveyed by multiple populations of neurons, including both Satb2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons.
A New Emitter-Base-Collector-Base-Emitter SiGe HBT for High Power, Single-Pole Double-Throw X-Band Switches

This letter proposes a new emitter-base-collector-base-emitter (EBCBE) SiGe HBT suited for high power RF switches. Two collector-base-emitter (CBE) SiGe HBTs are merged into a single EBCBE SiGe HBT, not only to double its maximum voltage swing, but also to decrease its active area and parasitics. To further boost its power handling, a capacitive voltage distribution and a collector floating are incorporated into the new EBCBE SiGe HBT. A X-band $\lambda $ /4 shunt single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch using the EBCBE SiGe HBT achieves measured insertion losses and isolations of 1.2/1.3 and 29.2/23.0 dB at 10 GHz in TX/RX modes, respectively. In TX mode, measured input 1-dB power compression ( $\text{P}_{\text {1dB}}$ ) is 25.4 dBm, and it can be extended to 28.5 dBm at −0.6 V base bias of the EBCBE SiGe HBT.
Update of the prospective impact on management study using 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in neuroendocrine tumor patients: the referring physician's perspective

22 Objectives Somatostatin receptor PET/CT imaging is increasingly used for managing patients with neuroendocrine tumors. The objective of this study was to determine referring physicians9 perspectives on the impact of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging (DOTATATE) on the management of neuroendocrine tumors. Methods A set of 2 questionnaires (pre-PET/CT and post-PET/CT) was sent to the referring physicians of 173 consecutive patients with known or suspected neuroendocrine tumors, who underwent DOTATATE. Questionnaires on 137 patients were returned (response rate, 79%). Referring physicians categorized the DOTATATE findings on the basis of the written PET/CT reports as negative, positive, or equivocal for disease. The likelihood for metastatic disease was scored as low, moderate, or high. The intended management before and changes as a consequence of the PET study were indicated. Results The primary reasons for DOTATATE referral were staging and restaging of neuroendocrine tumors in 16% and 84% of patients, respectively. Physicians reported that DOTATATE caused a change in suspicion for metastatic disease in 32 patients (23%; increased and decreased suspicion in 14 [10%] and 18 [13%] patients, respectively). Intended management changes were reported in 74 of 137 (54%) patients. Twenty-one patients (15%) scheduled to undergo chemotherapy were switched to treatments without chemotherapy, and 10 (7%) were switched from watch-and-wait to other treatment strategies. Conversely, 12 patients (9%) were switched from their initial treatment strategy to watch-and-wait. Conclusions These updated data from an ongoing survey of referring physicians suggests that 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT has a major impact on the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
The Characteristics of Capnocytophaga Infection: 10 Years of Experience

Background Capnocytopha ga is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobe. Human infection is rare but can lead to devastating outcomes. Capnocytophaga canimorsus can cause sepsis following an animal bite, whereas human-oral-associated Capnocytophaga infections were reported in immunocompromised patients. Current data on these infections are not robust. Our goal is to provide a contemporary description of a unique characteristic of Capnocytophaga infections. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients with Capnocytophaga infection from January 2010 to August 2020 at 3 main hospitals of Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota; Scottsdale, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida. We collected baseline demographic data, clinical characteristics, microbiological data, and outcomes of C. canimorsus and human-oral-associated Capnocytophaga infection. Results Among 82 patients with Capnocytophaga infection, 46 patients (56.0%) had bacteremia. The most common species identified in this group was C. sputigena (57.9%), followed by C. canimorsus (34.8%). Patients with human-oral-associated Capnocytophaga bacteremia were often immunocompromised, presented with neutropenic fever, and had worse 6-month all-cause mortality compared to C. canimorsus bacteremia (36.4% vs 6.2%, P = .03). They also had a higher β-lactamase production rate (36.4% vs 0.0%, P = .02). Among patients without bacteremia, the main clinical syndrome was polymicrobial head and neck infections (47.2%). Conclusions Human-oral-associated Capnocytophaga bacteremia occurs primarily in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancy. In contrast, C. canimorsus bacteremia is more likely to present with community-onset infection related to zoonotic exposure. Human-oral-associated Capnocytophaga infection without bacteremia is frequently isolated in polymicrobial infection; this phenomenon's significance is yet to be fully understood.
Round Table Discussion on Placental Pathology

In this conference on reproductive failure, the placenta has been incriminated on several occasions. Dr. Hertig, whose numerous studies in this field mark an important milestone in our understanding of the normal anatomy as well as many pathologic lesions of this organ, has dwelt some time emphasizing the need for examination of the placenta. We have heard cytogenetic results obtained from the examination of cultures of this organ; placental pathology was mentioned in hybrid gestation failure, and in teratologic studies; it participates importantly in infectious diseases, etc. None of us here doubts that the placenta is a vital organ to the fetus whose normality or dysfunction often governs reproductive success. It is surprising then, how rarely this expendable organ receives the thorough examination which is given for instance to surgical specimens or, for that matter, the embryos in our experimental studies of pregnant animals. Indeed, enormous deficiencies exist in our knowledge of this organ and, in particular, we know little of the many aspects of comparative pathology of the placenta which, potentially, is a rich source for study and might contribute importantly to the understanding of many questions posed here in the last days. excellent and comprehensive treatment of the comparative normal anatomy of the placenta by Grosser (1927), Mossman (1937) and Wimsatt (1962), many gaps exist.
Why AMT and No AMxT? A Comment on Hines and Logue

In "Understanding the AMT, and Its Unadopted Sibling, the AMxT." J. Legal Analysis (Advance Access: October 8, 2014), Jim Hines and Kyle Logue propose an interesting new theory about why the US has an Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). The function of the AMT, they propose, is to enable Congress to adopt a progressive rate schedule and to accommodate heterogeneous preferences for tax expenditures. Hines and Logue write that "By taxing a broad definition of income, the AMT makes it possible to have a tax system that both encourages certain activities with generous tax preferences and maintains a semblance of distributional equity." This rationale, they suggest, also favors the adoption of an Alternative Maximum Tax (AmXT), which would cap tax liabilities of individuals with very few preference items and thereby afford Congress greater flexibility in designing the income tax. This analysis is certainly novel, since most of the existing tax literature is opposed to the AMT. The problem, however, is that Hines and Logue have no explanation why Congress adopted the AMT but not the AMxT. When a novel theory explains part but not all of the observed phenomena, it behooves us to take another look at the theory. The following suggests another explanation for the AMT, which I believe is more consistent with Congress' intent. It also suggests a reason to retain the AMT even if Congress does not adopt the AMxT.
A high degree of enhancement of strength of sputter deposited Al/Al2O3 multilayers upon post annealing

Abstract We report here an order of magnitude enhancement of strength of sputter deposited Al/Al2O3 multilayers after annealing. The increase in strength is shown to be mostly associated with the precipitation of extremely fine γ-Al2O3, 5–10 nm in diameter, in Al layers. This provides a new method of achieving high strength in Al/Al2O3 multilayers that cannot be explained by the Koehler effect or modified Hall–Petch, which will lead to the growth and development of new generation of Al/Al2O3 multilayers. We also examine the fracture behavior of the post annealed Al/Al2O3 multilayered composites with TEM and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. DFT showed that the multilayers are not likely to delaminate at the Al/Al2O3 interface, consistent with the experimental observations. The simulations are also used to determine elastic constants for the γ-Al2O3 phase and to calculate a driving force for O transport from the γ-Al2O3 to the Al layers. The formation of these precipitates is consistent with DFT calculations, which predict an energetic driving force for the dissolution of O atoms from the γ-Al2O3 layers into the Al layers.
Preparing the Next Generation of Neuroscience Educators

This year saw the initiation of Julio Ramirez’s NSF-funded project, SOMAS (Support Of Mentors And their Students in the Neurosciences, www.somasprogram.org). This program is designed to provide summer research opportunities for undergraduates while simultaneously mentoring new faculty in neuroscience. The fact that this program exists is due in large part to the sustained efforts of what I like to think of as the “first generation” of undergraduate neuroscience educators. This is not to imply that neuroscience is new to undergraduate education. Rather, the face of neuroscience at the undergraduate level has changed dramatically over the last decades. It has gone from perhaps one, maybe two courses with a neuroscience theme, to full-fledged majors and even departments. The popularity of neuroscience with prospective students has led to the recognition by administrators that having a defined neuroscience program is a marketing plus. New undergraduate programs are being formed every year. These emerging programs often rely on advice from developers of existing programs. Thus, many of our current neuroscience faculty have been the organizing force behind the new face of neuroscience at the undergraduate level. These are our “first generation” undergraduate neuroscience educators. The SOMAS project, I see, as the beginnings of the next phase. It is now time for current faculty to help prepare the next generation of faculty to continue what they have started.
Head and Neck Investigations by MRI

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Technique 3 Temporal Bone 4 Salivary Glands 5 Paranasal Sinuses 6 Nasopharynx 7 Tongue and Oropharynx 8 Larynx and Hypopharynx 9 Imaging Guided Aspiration Cytology Related Articles
Learning regulatory network models that represent regulator states and roles

We present an approach to inferring probabilistic models of gene-regulatory networks that is intended to provide a more mechanistic representation of transcriptional regulation than previous methods. Our approach involves learning Bayesian network models using both gene-expression and genomic-sequence data. One key aspect of our approach is that our models represent states of regulators in addition to their expression levels. For example, the state of a transcription factor may be determined by whether a particular small molecule is bound to it or not. Our models represent these states using hidden nodes in the Bayesian networks. A second key aspect of our approach is that we use known and predicted transcription start sites to determine whether a given transcription factor is more likely to act as an activator or a repressor for a given gene. We refer to this distinction as the role of a regulator with respect to a gene. Determining the roles of a regulator provides a helpful bias in learning accurate representations of regulator states. We evaluate our approach using sequence and expression data for E. coli K-12. Our experiments show that our models are comparable to, or better than, several baselines in terms of predictive accuracy. Moreover, they have more explanatory power than either baseline.
Extracellular nucleotides mediate Ca2+ fluxes in J774 macrophages by two distinct mechanisms.

We have studied the effects of extracellular nucleotides on the cytosolic free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) in J774 macrophages using quin2 and indo-1 as indicator dyes. Micromolar quantities of ATP induced a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i: a rapid and transient increase (peak I) which was due to mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and a second more sustained elevation (peak II) due to influx of extracellular Ca2+. The sustained peak II elevation had two components, a "low threshold" (1 microM ATP) response which saturated at 10-50 microM ATP and a "high threshold" response, apparent at [ATP] greater than 100 microM. The latter component was not seen with nucleotides other than ATP and correlated with an ATP-induced generalized increase in plasma membrane permeability. A variant J774 cell line was isolated which does not demonstrate this ATP-induced increase in plasma membrane permeability; nevertheless, it demonstrated both the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and the low threshold component of the Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane in response to nucleoside di- and triphosphates. Several lines of evidence indicate that the fully ionized (i.e. free acid) forms of nucleoside di- and triphosphates were the ligands that mediated these increases in [Ca2+]i. These data show that extracellular nucleotides mediate Ca2+ fluxes by two distinct mechanisms in J774 cells. In one, the rise in [Ca2+]i is due to release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. This response is elicited preferentially by the free acid forms of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside di- and triphosphates. In the other, the rise in [Ca2+]i reflects a more generalized increase in plasma membrane permeability and is elicited by ATP4- only.
A Statistical Analysis and Overview of the IRAS Point Source Catalog

The IRAS Point Source Catalog can be segregated into stars, “IR galactic components”, galaxies, cirrus, and “disk and bulge stars” categories. For each source type, the types and distances of the sources are discussed, and the sky distribution, log N/log S, and identification rate are given.
A folded slot antenna for planar quasi-optical mixer applications

The simple uniplanar quasi-optical mixer uses the effect of orthogonal modes in the folded slot antenna fed by slotline and coplanar waveguide on opposite sides. The input impedance of the antenna is analyzed with the space domain integral equation technique. Experiments at 11 GHz have demonstrated antenna and mixer operation. The antenna shows reasonable radiating properties. By taking advantage of even and odd modes in the antenna, balanced mixing can be achieved with good conversion loss. >
Fluidic Control Devices

The first use of fluidic principles in control applications occurred about 1960. Fluidic devices are now used extensively in process control systems but their use in HVAC controls is somewhat limited. Fluidic amplifiers were used because of the high ratios available. So-called “self-powered” control systems using duct air supply pressures are essentially fluidic in nature. Although they use lower pressures than pneumatic devices, more air is consumed, so fluidic systems do require more power to operate.
Homological Properties of Color Lie Superalgebras

Let L = L +⊕ L − be a finite dimensional color Lie superalgebra over a field of characteristic 0 with universal enveloping algebra U(L). We show that gldim(U(L +)) = IFPD(U(L) = rFPD(U(L)) = injdim U(L) (U(L)) = dim(L+). We also prove that U(L) is Auslander-Gorenstein and Cohen-Macaulay and thus that it has a QF classical quotient ring.
A Review of: “Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University”, by William Clark.

Since its publication, William Clark's massive tome Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University has attracted attention from quite a few critics and commentators in several academi...
The Plantar Loading Variations to Uphill and Downhill Gradients During Treadmill Walking

The purpose of the study was to examine the plantar loading changes during 5 gradient conditions on a treadmill (−15%, −8.5%, Level, 8.5%, 15%) for 20 participants using the Pedar® in-shoe pressure measurement system. The measurement system uses EMED insoles, each consisting of 99 capacitive sensors, sampled at 50 Hz. Data was collected from the last 20 seconds at each gradient condition while participants walked. As the treadmill gradient increased, loading (peak pressure [PP] and peak force [PF]) increased in the hallux and 1st metatarsal regions and decreased in the heel region. With negative gradients, loading (PP and PF) increased in the heel region and decreased in the 4th and 5th metatarsal regions.
Lacrimal gland-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor.

PURPOSE To determine whether lacrimal gland acinar cells are involved in modulating local immune response; to isolate and characterize a lacrimal gland factor that exerts biological activities on T lymphocytes. METHODS A protein factor has been purified from lacrimal gland extracts by a combination of ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. This factor has the capacity to enhance proliferation of T lymphocytes upon stimulation with a mitogen or an antigen. We have, therefore, called this substance lacrimal gland-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor (LG-F). RESULTS Lacrimal gland-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor has a molecular weight of approximately 65,000 daltons as determined by gel-filtration and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. T cells demonstrate greater proliferation when cultured with high concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) in the presence of LG-F, as compared with culture without addition of LG-F. This enhancing effect of LG-F may be mediated by IL-2, because the final cell count correlates with the levels of IL-2 secreted by LG-F-activated cells. Lacrimal gland-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor is nonmitogenic for T cells, but its potentiating effect is antigen-dependent. Dual stimulation of OA-primed T cells with both OA and LG-F results in greater proliferative activity, in contrast to culture with OA alone. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that lacrimal gland cells may interact with the immune system by elaborating nonspecific factors that modulate lymphocyte proliferation and augment lymphokine production. The presence of such a factor in the lacrimal gland may prove to be of importance in the generation of local immune responses.
Validity of self-reported vitamin D deficiency among midlife Arab women living in Qatar.

Objectives This study evaluates the level of agreement between self-reported vitamin D deficiency and serum vitamin D measured within the previous calendar year. Methods In a study in which serum 25(OH)D levels were retrieved from electronic health records, 523 women were asked whether they considered themselves to have vitamin D deficiency. Serum vitamin D levels were categorized as vitamin D deficiency if serum 25(OH)D was <20 ng/ml and as insufficiency if <30 ng/ml. The kappa statistic was computed to assess the level of agreement between serum 25(OH)D level and self-report responses. Results Agreement between self-reported and measured 25(OH)D levels was poor. The kappa statistic was −0.041 when using a cutpoint of <20 ng/ml and −0.008 using the cutpoint of <30 ng/ml. Among women with levels ≥20 ng/ml, 82.4% believed that they were vitamin D deficient, while 13.3% who were below <20 ng/ml did not self-report deficiency. Among women who did not report vitamin D deficiency, 46.3% (37/80) had levels <20 ng/ml while 82.5% (66/80) had levels <30 ng/ml. Conclusions These findings suggest that, although the prevalence of 25(OH)D <20 and <30 ng/ml was quite high (53.2% and 84.7%, respectively), there was little agreement between measured levels and self-report of vitamin D deficiency. This may be due to belief in this region that low levels of serum vitamin D is widespread. Better communication is needed between healthcare providers and patients regarding transmission of laboratory results. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:181–185, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intra-axial dermoid/epidermoid tumors of the brainstem in children.

Abstract BACKGROUND Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are rare intracranial space-occupying lesions, which account for about 1% of all intracranial tumors; they are even rarer in the pediatric age group. Among the varius locations, that inside the brain stem is quite exceptional (only 12 cases reported to date in the literature). We report two additional cases occurring in children, underlining their clinical characteristics, the difficulties faced in the diagnostic work-up, and the surgical treatment adopted (which consisted of removal of the cyst contents and partial resection of the cyst membrane, because of its adherence to the surrounding nervous and vascular structures). METHODS We report two cases of intraaxial dermoid/epidermoid cysts observed within the last 5 years. Both patients complained of cervico-nuchal pain, with a remittent/intermittent character in one of them; this patient also exhibited transient 6th and 7th cranial nerve deficit. One lesion was approached through the floor of the fourth ventricle, the second one through the ventrolateral aspect of the brainstem. Results Subtotal tumor resection was achieved in both cases. Both patients had a smooth postoperative course without permanent neurological deficits. In the first patient residual tumor remains stable on follow-up MRI. In the second one, early tumor regrowth necessitated a second operation, after which the residual tumor has remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Based on our experience we suggest that a cautious surgical approach (“conservative” resection) to these lesions is the best choice. In fact, attempts at radical removal carry unacceptably high morbidity and mortality rates.
The Quality of Work Life in the Federal Bureaucracy: Conceptualization and Measurement

This paper uses a dimensionalization approach to explore the complex meaning of the quality of work life in the federal bureaucracy. Based on the 1979-80 Federal Employees Attitudes Survey, five di...
Solid-phase synthesis for the identification of high-affinity bivalent lectin ligands.

The development of carbohydrate-based therapeutics has been frustrated by the low affinities that characterize protein-carbohydrate complexation. Because of the oligomeric nature of most lectins, the use of multivalency may offer a successful strategy for the creation of high-affinity ligands. The solid-phase evaluation of libraries of peptide-linked multivalent ligands facilitates rapid examination of a large fraction of linker structure space. If such solid-phase assays are to replicate solution binding behavior, the potential for intermolecular bivalent binding on bead surfaces must be eliminated. Here we report the solid-phase synthesis and analysis of peptide-linked, spatially segregated mono- and bivalent ligands for the legume lectin concanavalin A. Bead shaving protocols were used for the creation of beads displaying spatially segregated binding sequences on the surface of Tentagel resins. The same ligands were also synthesized on PEGA resin to determine the effect of ligand presentation on solid-...
Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D3 Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys

The dopamine (DA) D3 receptor (D3R) has been associated with impulsivity, pathologic gambling, and drug addiction, making it a potential target for pharmacotherapy development. Positron emission tomography studies using the D3R-preferring radioligand [11C]PHNO ([11C](+)-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin) have shown higher binding potentials in drug abusers compared with control subjects. Preclinical studies have examined D3R receptor activation using the DA agonist quinpirole and the unconditioned behavior of yawning. However, the relationship between quinpirole-elicited yawning and D3R receptor availability has not been determined. In Experiment 1, eight drug-naive male rhesus monkeys were scanned with [11C]PHNO, and the ability of quinpirole (0.01–0.3 mg/kg i.m.) to elicit yawning was examined. Significant positive (globus pallidus) and negative (caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral pallidum, and hippocampus) relationships between D3R receptor availability and quinpirole-induced yawns were noted. Experiment 2 replicated earlier findings that a history of cocaine self-administration (n = 11) did not affect quinpirole-induced yawning and extended this to examine monkeys (n = 3) with a history of methamphetamine (MA) self-administration and found that monkeys with experience self-administering MA showed greater potency and significantly higher quinpirole-elicited yawning compared with controls. Finally, quinpirole-elicited yawning was studied in drug-naive female monkeys (n = 6) and compared with drug-naive male monkeys (n = 8). Sex differences were noted, with quinpirole being more potent and eliciting significantly more yawns in males compared with females. Taken together these findings support the use of quinpirole-elicited yawning as a behavioral tool for examining D3R activation in monkeys and that both drug history and sex may influence individual sensitivity to the behavioral effects of D3R compounds.
Laser-based processing of polymer nanocomposites for chemical sensing applications

characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ~FTIR!, Raman scattering, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy ~TEM!. An analysis of the FTIR spectra indicates that a film deposited using an undoped EVA target is primarily polyethylene, suggesting that the acetate group is photochemically or photothermally removed from the starting material. Gas phase measurements of the laser-evaporated material using a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer confirm the production of the acetyl radical on the target surface. Analysis of TEM of films deposited using C-doped targets shows that the carbon black particles ~initially 50 nm particles in 1 mm agglomerates! are broken down into particles that are <50 nm in the deposited film. Incorporation of carbon into the target reduces the degree of photochemical damage of the starting material, as shown in the FTIR spectra of the deposited film. The sensitivity and response time of chemiresistors fabricated from 6 mm thick composite films on top of gold electrodes were measured using toluene vapor ~548 ppm!. The chemiresistors exhibited a reversible and fast ~,1.3 s! response to the vapor. In comparison to data reported in the literature, chemiresistors fabricated from PLD films are significantly better than devices fabricated using a more conventional polymer film growth technique. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1362405#
Classical thermodynamics and economic general equilibrium theory

Abstract A long history of analogy making between neoclassical economics and physical thermodynamics has unfortunately served to obscure two important relations between the two fields: their definitions of equilibria stem from essentially the same three axioms for the mathematical representations of systems, while the classes of transformation each has chosen to emphasize, and their responses to the problem of path dependence, have led them to very different interpretations of duality in those representations. Despite these conventional differences, we show that economies in which all agents have preferences quasi-linear in some good have a trading-constraint structure isomorphic to the structure of physical systems with classical thermodynamic equations of state. Exact equivalents of thermodynamic potentials, including entropy, can be constructed, and function as the economic counterparts to free energies. Quasi-linear economies are the most general in which the Walrasian idea of price formation as an analog of force balance can be realized. More general economic models raise the same methodological problems as more complex physical models that exhibit path-dependence. We show how the degree of aggregatability of an economic model corresponds to which properties of equilibria retain path-independence, and to the extent to which a social-welfare function exists. A new contour money-metric utility defines the maximal generalization of social-welfare functions in arbitrary economies, but depends on the endowments and composition of the economy in non-quasi-linear cases, and is limited to one-dimensional contours of equilibria in non-aggregatable cases. The differences between economic and thermodynamic methodology lies in the economic focus on the irreversible movement from initial disequilibrium endowments to equilibrium through voluntary trade, in contrast to the thermodynamic recognition that only reversible transformations lead to measurement of system structure. The consequences of respecting reversibility for economic method are sketched, and alternative interpretations of the Walrasian notion of wealth preservation are presented.
Blood and Adrenaline:Introduction to the Review Roundtable on Manuel Vásquez’s More than Belief: A Materialist Theory of Religion

Abstract This essay introduces the review roundtable on Manuel Vasquez’s More than Belief: A Materialist theory of Religion by addressing the themes of cultural and physical embodiment that intersect in research on Catholics and the sport of boxing.
The Relation between Indian Monsoon Rainfall, the Southern Oscillation, and Hemispheric Air and Sea Temperature: 1884–1984

Abstract Correlations between the June-September Indian monsoon rainfall and Santiago minus Darwin pressure, Tahiti minus Darwin pressure, and Wright's Southern Oscillation index, as well as the individual station pressure deviations themselves, show that the monsoon rainfall anticipates the Southern Oscillation Indices and the individual pressure deviations with the exception of the pressure at Santiago. Monsoon rainfall is also negatively correlated with sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific one to two seasons later. The correlations suggest that above average monsoon rainfall is associated with below average Southern Hemisphere temperatures two to three seasons later, whereas above average Northern Hemisphere winter temperatures—particularly continental temperatures—anticipate above average rainfall. The correlations with hemispheric temperatures are significant only since about 1947, however. A strong negative correlation (−0.64) between the seasonal change in Darwin's pressure de...