cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field studies of psychologically targeted ads face threats to internal validity

We applaud Matz et al. (1) for using field studies on Facebook to investigate the effectiveness of psychologically targeted messages, building on prior, largely laboratory-based research. That said, this comparison of Facebook ad campaigns does not randomly assign users to conditions, which threatens the internal validity of their findings and weakens their conclusions. The paper uses Facebook’s standard ad platform to compare how different versions of ads perform. However, this process does not create a randomized experiment: users are not randomly assigned to different ads, and individuals may even receive multiple ad types (e.g., both extroverted and introverted ads). Furthermore, ad platforms like Facebook optimize campaign performance by showing ads to users whom the platform expects are more likely to fulfill the campaign’s objective (e.g., study 1, online … [↵][1]2To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: dean{at}deaneckles.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Population Stereotypes for Color Associations

Strong associations of meaning to colors allow designers to use a color not only to capture attention (e.g., use of a bright color to highlight information), but to code meaning (e.g., use of the color red to convey the meaning of danger). The association of meaning to color is learned through experience and, as a result, may differ across cultures. The current study examined population stereotypes for colors by having participants from three different countries (USA, India, and UK) indicate what meaning they associate with 6 common colors. The results showed that the top 1–2 color associations were generally consistent across countries and gender, but the degree of association was different among them. The difference in the degree of color associations by participants from different countries should be taken into account when making design decisions, especially for products that are intended for an international market.
MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy allows for equivalent cancer detection with significantly fewer needle cores in biopsy-naive men.

PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the efficiency and cancer detection of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) / ultrasonography (US) fusion-guided prostate biopsy in a cohort of biopsy-naive men compared with standard-of-care systematic extended sextant transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy. METHODS From 2014 to 2016, 72 biopsy-naive men referred for initial prostate cancer evaluation who underwent MRI of the prostate were prospectively evaluated. Retrospective review was performed on 69 patients with lesions suspicious for malignancy who underwent MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy in addition to systematic extended sextant biopsy. Biometric, imaging, and pathology data from both the MRI-targeted biopsies and systematic biopsies were analyzed and compared. RESULTS There were no significant differences in overall prostate cancer detection when comparing MRI-targeted biopsies to standard systematic biopsies (P = 0.39). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the distribution of severity of cancers based on grade groups in cases with cancer detection (P = 0.68). However, significantly fewer needle cores were taken during the MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy compared with systematic biopsy (63% less cores sampled, P < 0.001) CONCLUSION: In biopsy-naive men, MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy offers equal prostate cancer detection compared with systematic TRUS-guided biopsy with significantly fewer tissue cores using the targeted technique. This approach can potentially reduce morbidity in the future if used instead of systematic biopsy without sacrificing the ability to detect prostate cancer, particularly in cases with higher grade disease.
RADAR: a 3D-reRAM based DNA alignment accelerator architecture

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has become an indispensable tool for studying genomics, resulting in an exponentially growth of biological data. Booming data volume demands significant computational resources and creates challenges for 'Sequence Alignment', which is the most fundamental application in bioinformatics. Consequently, many researchers exploit both software and hardware methods to accelerate the most widely used sequence alignment algorithm - Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). However, prior work suffers from moving huge DNA databases from the storage to computational units. Such data movement is both time and energy consuming. Based on the observation that the bottlenecks of BLAST involve a large amount of comparison operations, we propose a 3D Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) based DNA Alignment Accelerator Architecture (RADAR) which performs most computational operations locally without moving DNA databases. To improve the storage density for various lengths of DNA sequences without damaging the performance, we propose a dense data mapping scheme to handle DNA sequences efficiently and a Tail Bits Duplication (TBD) technique to enable fully parallel computation for RADAR. Experimental results show that RADAR can achieve 5114x speedup and 386x energy reduction when compared to a single CPU. Compared to the Multi-Core/FPGA/GPU based accelerators, RADAR outperforms them between 53x and 1896x in processing speed.
A Moving Horizon Estimator Performance Bound

Moving Horizon implementations of the Kalman Filter are widely used to overcome weaknesses of the Kalman Filter, or in problems when the Kalman Filter is not suitable. While these moving horizon approaches often perform well, it is of interest to encapsulate the loss in performance that comes when terms in the Kalman Filter are ignored. This paper introduces two methods to calculate a worst case performance bound on a Moving Horizon Kalman Filter.
Investigating the Phenomenon

The previous chapter carries references to important experimental studies that have contributed in a major way to the understanding of hypnosis. Modern quantitative research into the subject began with Hull (1933), and has made considerable strides over the past two decades. The work has been enriched by the contributions of several outstanding laboratory studies too numerous to review in a work of this nature. From the perspective of the clinician, however, seeking a basic science from which to practice and develop his concepts, work of two investigators with their associates and students of major importance.
An improved comorbidity summary score for measuring disease burden and predicting mortality with applications to two national cohorts

AbstractResearch involving administrative healthcare data to study patient outcomes requires the investigator to account for the patient’s disease burden in order to reduce the potential for biased...
Biosynthesis in vitro of the luteinizing releasing hormone by hypothalamic tissue.

Abstract The biosynthesis, in , vitro , of the luteinizing releasing hormone (LRH) from 14C-glutamic acid by hypothalamic tissue has been demonstrated. After fractionations of the incubation mixture, the use of synthetic LRH as a carrier made it possible to isolate by electrophoresis a Pauly-reactive area which exhibited radioactivity. The areas in front of and behind this spot were not radioactive. The radioactive and Pauly-reactive area was further purified by tlc. Acid hydrolysis of the apparently homogeneous Pauly-reactive area, which contained all the expected radioactivity, gave about 75% of the expected 14C-glutamic acid. Assays, in , vivo , showed release of LH and FSH at three appropriate stages of fractionation.
Communication—Implications of Local Current Density Variations on Lithium Plating Affected by Cathode Particle Size

Consistent performance of Li metal electrode (LME) relies on well-distributed current across the electrode surface. Lithium plating and dendrite growth are challenging issues for LME performance in high-energy rechargeable Li battery (RLB) development. The morphology of Li plating is affected by local current density variations on LME. A three-dimensional RLB cell model is used to study current density variations induced by cathode particle size. Smaller cathode particles show lower variances in the current density distribution throughout the separator. The results suggest particle size could affect uniformity of Li plating, propensity for dendrite formation and ultimately cycle life of RLB.
A simple real-time model for predicting acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients in the US: A descriptive modeling study

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an adverse event that carries significant morbidity. Given that interventions after AKI occurrence have poor performance, there is substantial interest in prediction of AKI prior to its diagnosis. However, integration of real-time prognostic modeling into the electronic health record (EHR) has been challenging, as complex models increase the risk of error and complicate deployment. Our goal in this study was to create an implementable predictive model to accurately predict AKI in hospitalized patients and could be easily integrated within an existing EHR system. Methods and findings We performed a retrospective analysis looking at data of 169,859 hospitalized adults admitted to one of three study hospitals in the United States (in New Haven and Bridgeport, Connecticut) from December 2012 to February 2016. Demographics, medical comorbidities, hospital procedures, medications, and laboratory data were used to develop a model to predict AKI within 24 hours of a given observation. Outcomes of AKI severity, requirement for renal replacement therapy, and mortality were also measured and predicted. Models were trained using discrete-time logistic regression in a subset of Hospital 1, internally validated in the remainder of Hospital 1, and externally validated in Hospital 2 and Hospital 3. Model performance was assessed via the area under the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The training set cohort contained 60,701 patients, and the internal validation set contained 30,599 patients. External validation data sets contained 43,534 and 35,025 patients. Patients in the overall cohort were generally older (median age ranging from 61 to 68 across hospitals); 44%–49% were male, 16%–20% were black, and 23%–29% were admitted to surgical wards. In the training set and external validation set, 19.1% and 18.9% of patients, respectively, developed AKI. The full model, including all covariates, had good ability to predict imminent AKI for the validation set, sustained AKI, dialysis, and death with AUCs of 0.74 (95% CI 0.73–0.74), 0.77 (95% CI 0.76–0.78), 0.79 (95% CI 0.73–0.85), and 0.69 (95% CI 0.67–0.72), respectively. A simple model using only readily available, time-updated laboratory values had very similar predictive performance to the complete model. The main limitation of this study is that it is observational in nature; thus, we are unable to conclude a causal relationship between covariates and AKI and do not provide an optimal treatment strategy for those predicted to develop AKI. Conclusions In this study, we observed that a simple model using readily available laboratory data could be developed to predict imminent AKI with good discrimination. This model may lend itself well to integration into the EHR without sacrificing the performance seen in more complex models.
Primary cutaneous Aspergillus fumigatus infection in immunocompetent host

Primary cutaneous aspergillosis (PCA) occurs through inoculation of fungal spores directly into the skin from the environment through disrupted skin such as in burns, surgery or penetrating trauma patients. Most cases reported in literature were in the immunocompromised, rarely in immunocompetent patients. The characteristic lesion of cutaneous aspergillosis is a black eschar on a red plaque, or nodule at the site of skin injury. The diagnosis of PCA can be made by identifying hyphal forms on routine HE which led to clinical recovery.
Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Variations in C-Reactive Protein Using the Health and Retirement Study.

Objectives To clarify the relationships among race, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) with C-reactive protein (CRP). Method The present study analyzed data from 6,521 Black and White respondents aged 51 and older in the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of midlife and older adults, to address two aims. We sought to (i) assess the independent associations between race, gender, and SES with CRP concentrations and (ii) test whether race, gender, and SES interacted to produce unequal CRP concentrations cross-sectionally and over a 4-year follow-up. Results The results demonstrated that race, gender, and SES were each independently associated with baseline CRP, but only SES was associated with CRP at follow-up. Furthermore, race, gender, and education interacted to produce differential CRP levels at baseline. There were incremental benefits for each additional level of education for White men and women, but the relationship between education and CRP was more complicated for Black men and women. Compared with other race/gender groups with less than high school, Black women had the highest and Black men had the lowest levels of CRP. There were no apparent benefits to CRP for Black women with college compared with Black women with high school, while Black men with less than high school and college had similar concentrations of CRP. Discussion In clarifying the complexity inherent in CRP disparities, this work contributes to a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying racial disparities in leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States.
On cross-correlation of DFT calculated and measured IR absorption spectra

Comparisons of IR absorption spectra calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and measured IR transmission spectra for three nitrosamines are presented. These nitrosamines are major environmental contaminants. In general, identification of target molecules by cross correlation of spectra can be accomplished using signal templates having patterns associated with known materials. DFT calculated IR spectra can provide reasonable templates for filtering of IR spectral measurements associated with different types of detector schemes and complex spectral-signature backgrounds. The comparisons of spectra presented here demonstrate that DFT calculated IR spectra can be cross correlated with measured spectra to determine the presence of target molecules.
An integrative taxonomic approach supports a new species of Vettius from Central America (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae)

We here describe and name a new skipper butterfly in the genus Vettius Godman, 1901, currently known from two sites, one in Costa Rica and the other in Panama. Based on molecular data, Vettius mits...
The demographic role of religion in Hungary: Fertility of denominations at the beginning of the 20th century

Could it be possible that religious ties determine demographic behaviour, including fertility? If so, how can we arrange this factor with other variables in the same causal hierarchy? The raised problems were drafted at the beginning of modern demography already. In this paper we examine the mutual relations of religion, ethnicity and fertility in the territory of the former Hungarian Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century. This period is interesting for the fact that fertility rate in Hungary decreased by an extraordinary proportion, 40% between 1910 and 1930. The Carpathian Basin had a unique ethnic and religious character at that time: seven main ethnic groups and seven relevant denominations had been registered by the 1910 Hungarian Census, thus the region is suitable for the empirical examinations of the mentioned coherences.
High Prevalence of Back Pain at Free Clinics in the Sacred Valley of Peru

Back pain is a major contributor to healthcare costs around the world and mainly affects manual laborers. Therefore, back pain may be highly prevalent in areas of the world with economies primarily based on physical labor, such as the Peruvian Andes. In the following study, the authors present data from a short-term medical mission to the Sacred Valley region of Peru, during which 1,114 patients over the age of 18 years old were treated. Back pain was identified as the most common health complaint, with 30% of patients presenting with this symptom. In performing logistic regression analysis, both age (OR 1.01 per year over 18) and remoteness of home village (OR 2.42) were associated with the complaint of back pain. Male sex also had a positive association (OR 1.32) and trended toward significance (p=0.07). Back pain is a major burden on the health and economy of this region and a potential target for medical intervention.
See-Through a Vehicle: Augmenting Road Safety Information Using Visual Perception and Camera Communication in Vehicles

In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) perception to achieve a virtual see-through functionality for road vehicles. In this system, a safety event, such as pedestrian crossing or traffic list status or vehicle merge, that are occluded to a driver due to another vehicle on the driving lane, are perceived and communicated by the occluding vehicle. Each vehicle is equipped with a camera, placed on the dashboard, that perceives the scene in a drivers view. This scene is analyzed and mapped into specific warning codes that are specific to a safety event, and communicated as short packets using visible light communication. The camera in the following vehicle captures this information and generates a recommendation for safety action to the driver by comparing the warning from the packet and from its own scene perception. Through experimental evaluations of a proof-of-concept implementation, we show that our system is able to achieve up to 90% accuracy in identifying nine occluded safety events, which correspond to traffic light statuses (red, green, yellow), other vehicles’ lane change behaviors (merge/leave lane left/right), and pedestrian detection.
The Changing Nature of Firms and Governments in a Knowledge-Based Globalizing Economy

There are signs that the global economy is entering into a new stage of market-based capitalism which may be distinguished from those which preceded it in three main ways. First, in contrast to the land and merchant based capitalism of the pre-industrial era and machine and finance based capitalism of the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, the capitalism of the late 1990s is becoming increasingly knowledge based1. It has, for example, been estimated that, whereas, in the 1950s, 80% of the inputs in US manufacturing industry comprised physical materials and 20% intellectual capital, by 1995 these proportions had changed to 30% and 70% respectively (Stewart 1997). No less significant, the book value of the tangible assets of corporations is becoming a decreasing proportion of their market value. One estimate (Handy 1990) puts this at between 25% and 33%, while Leif Edvinson (Edvinson 1997) has more recently calculated that, for most organizations, the ratio of the value of their intellectual capital to that of their physical and financial capital is between five-to-one and sixteen-to-one Finally, capital spending on information technology, which in 1965 was only one-third of that of production technology, now exceeds it (Stewart 1997). Throughout the spectrum of economic activity, created intangible assets are replacing natural tangible assets as the main source of wealth creation in industrial societies. Inter alla, this is demonstrated by the rising importance of services, relative to that of goods, in the gross national output of most countries2.
Components and control of silicification in diatoms.

In nearly all publications relating to the synthesis of the silicified diatom cell wall, an inherent fascination with the physical beauty of the intricate and ornate structures that are formed and an intellectual curiosity about how these structures are made are expressed. Viewing electron micrographs of diatoms for the first time usually engenders an immediate interest.
Enhancements to PVM’s BEOLIN architecture

Version 3.4.3 of PVM had previously been enhanced by the addition of a new architecture, BEOLIN, which allowed a PVM user to abstract a Beowulf class computer with a private network to appear as a single system, visible to the outside world, which could spawn tasks on different internal nodes. This new enhancement to PVM handles the case where each node on the Beowulf system may be composed of multiple processors. In this case, the software will, at the user’s request, spawn multiple jobs to each node, to be run on the individual processors.
Tabu Machine: A New Neural Network Solution Approach for Combinatorial Optimization Problems

A new artificial neural network solution approach is proposed to solve combinatorial optimization problems. The artificial neural network is called the Tabu Machine because it has the same structure as the Boltzmann Machine does but uses tabu search to govern its state transition mechanism. Similar to the Boltzmann Machine, the Tabu Machine consists of a set of binary state nodes connected with bidirectional arcs. Ruled by the transition mechanism, the nodes adjust their states in order to search for a global minimum energy state. Two combinatorial optimization problems, the maximum cut problem and the independent set problem, are used as examples to conduct a computational experiment. Without using overly sophisticated tabu search techniques, the Tabu Machine outperforms the Boltzmann Machine in terms of both solution quality and computation time.
The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department

The high cost of textbooks is of concern not only to college students but also to society as a whole. Open textbooks promise the same educational benefits as traditional textbooks; however, their efficacy remains largely untested. We report on one community college’s adoption of a collection of open resources across five different mathematics classes. During the 2012 fall semester, 2,043 students in five different courses used these open access resources. We present a comparison between the previous two years in terms of the number of students who withdrew from the courses and the number that completed the courses with a C grade or better. Our analysis suggests that while there was likely no change in these educational outcomes, students who have access to open access materials collectively saved a significant amount of money. Students and faculty were surveyed as to their perceptions of these materials and the results were generally favorable.
Evidence for a Rac1 independent mechanism for sphingosine-1-phosphate mediated endothelial barrier enhancement (672.7)

S1P is a bioactive lipid that tightens intercellular junctions between endothelial cells (EC) through coordinated spreading of local lamellipodia. We tested the hypothesis that S1P causes protrusions through activation of the small GTPase Rac1. Cultured human umbilical vein EC or human dermal microvascular EC monolayers were used to model the endothelial barrier. Trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TER) served as an index of barrier function and time-lapse imaging of EC was employed to study local lamellipodia. Rac1 expression/activity was modulated by transfection of siRNA or plasmids encoding wild-type (WT) or dominant-negative (DN) GFP-Rac1, and confirmed by Western blot or fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Non-targeting RNA sequences and GFP transfection served as respective controls. The results show that S1P (2 μM) caused rapid, coordinated protrusions of local lamellipodia from individual cells that coincided with increased TER. Neither Rac1 knockdown, nor overexpression with WT or DN Rac...
Travelers with sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited, autosomal recessive red blood cell disorders caused by hemoglobin S (HbS). This common, severe disease is the most important of the inherited red blood cell disorders. HbS results from a single amino acid substitution in the beta chain of hemoglobin. Heterozygous individuals with sickle cell trait (HbAS) are asymptomatic. In contrast, individuals with homozygous disease (HbSS) and other forms of SCD have varying degrees of hemolysis and vaso-occlusive disease, often colloquially referred to as “sickle crises.” Chronic organ damage to the spleen, kidneys, brain, lungs, and bones contributes significantly to morbidity experienced by children and adults with SCD. Individuals with SCD are also at risk for life-threatening complications, including sepsis, severe anemia, splenic sequestration, acute chest syndrome (ACS), and stroke. Despite improvements in care, individuals with SCD still suffer from substantial morbidity and mortality. Many patients with SCD have poor health-related quality of life, and are at high risk for mortality at a young age.[1] SCD is the most common genetic disease among persons with African ancestry. It will thus be reasonably common among people travelling to Africa to visit family. In addition, the trans-Atlantic slave trade brought many African people to Caribbean Islands and South America, particularly modern day Brazil. The East African slave trade brought many African people to the Arabian Peninsula and South Asia. It should thus be recognized that not all individuals with SCD have apparently African ancestry; such patients may travel to visit family in many parts of the tropical and/or developing world.
Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Myositis Ossificans of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Muscle in a Dog

OBJECTIVES To report clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, and outcome in a dog with traumatic myositis ossificans of the origin of the extensor carpi radialis muscle. STUDY DESIGN Clinical report. ANIMALS An 8-month-old intact female Irish Setter Dog. METHODS After radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of an osseous proliferation arising from the cranial cortex of the right distal humeral diaphysis, the protruding bone was surgically removed and evaluated by histopathology. RESULTS Traumatic myositis ossificans was successfully treated with surgical removal of the osseous proliferation resulting in improved postoperative range of motion of the right elbow joint. There was no evidence of lameness or abnormal bone regrowth associated with the surgical site radiographically at follow up. CONCLUSION Surgical removal of a traumatic myositis ossificans lesion resulted in full return to function in a young, competitive show dog.
J. Acacia, Clark Clifford, The Wise Man of Washington

Clark Clifford was perhaps the prototype of the Washington insider, building a highly successful career that began as naval aide in the White House during the earliest days of the Truman presidency...
Smoldering medullary thyroid carcinoma liver metastasis 37 years after resection of an organ-confined tumor.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon thyroid tumor that usually behaves aggressively. After resection, serological surveillance for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is used to prompt a radiographic search for metastatic disease. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with a large liver metastasis 37 years after she underwent thyroidectomy for organ-confined MTC. Her clinical course over that time showed a smoldering pattern in which she was symptom free until presentation even though her serum calcitonin and CEA concentrations were elevated for 17 years, and a small equivocal radiographic lesion in the liver was detected 10 years prior to presentation. Cytopathology from an ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of the hepatic lesion was diagnostic for metastatic MTC. This case highlights the ability for smoldering residual MTC to suddenly transform to aggressive biological behavior after a long period of clinical remission. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:45–48. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Once upon a Time: Parent-Child Dialogue and Storybook Reading in the Electronic Era.

Early experiences with books predict later reading success, and an interactive shared reading style called ''dialogic reading'' is especially beneficial to emergent literacy. Electronic console (EC) books, CD-rom books, and e-book apps are designed to teach preschoolers preliteracy skills, but research has yet to systematically explore the impact of these types of books on established predictors of positive literacy outcomes. This research fills that gap with two studies investigating dialogic language and children's story comprehension in a total of 165 parent-child dyads reading battery-operated, touch-sensitive children's electronic console books or traditional books. Results revealed that parent-child dialogic reading and children's story comprehension were both negatively affected by the presence of electronic features. Ways in which e-books may be altered to better serve as educational tools in this new era are discussed.
Lens-preferred activity of the −1809/+46 mouse αA-crystallin promoter in stably integrated chromatin

Abstract The αA-crystallin gene is expressed in a highly lens preferred manner. Here we show that the mouse αA-crystallin −1809/+46 promoter fragment displays lens-preferred activity in transgenic mice and in stably transfected lens cells. These findings are in contrast to the lack of activity of this promoter previously reported in transiently transfected lens cells. Our current findings suggest that the −1809/+46 mouse αA-crystallin promoter functions in a lens preferred manner when stably integrated into chromatin.
Size dependence of the blocking temperatures and electron magnetic resonance spectra in NiO nanoparticles

Abstract Size dependence of the blocking temperature T B (determined by SQUID magnetometry) and electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectra are reported for NiO nanoparticles (NPs) with diameter D = 5 –20 nm. Comparison of the T B vs. D variations in the oleic acid (OA) coated and uncoated NiO NPs is made. The higher blocking temperatures observed for the uncoated NPs are suggested to result from the effects of the interparticles interactions (IPI). For the coated NPs with negligible IPI, the expected linear variation of T B with volume V of the NPs is valid if effective anisotropy constant K eff increases with decreasing V . The decreasing intensity of the EMR signal with increasing D is suggested to result from the surface Ni2+ spins whose density decreases with increasing D.
Spectroscopic temperature estimates by infrared emission spectrometry

Abstract A method for estimating the temperature of a gas sample is described, based on emission measurements of the laser bands of CO 2 near 10-μm. A method of nonlinear least-squares regression, which had previously been demonstrated for absorption spectra of CO 2 , is shown to be applicable to laboratory emission spectra of pure CO 2 , measured on a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The method is based on modelling the intensities of the rovibrational lines of the band, which are measured at moderate (0.1-0.5 cm -1 ) resolution. Among the physical and instrumental factors considered are the classical intensity pattern of the lines, the blackbody radiation distribution, the instrument response function, and the instrument line-shape function. The results indicated a positive bias of about 20°C in the estimated temperature, due primarily to the noise in the spectra.
V-positivity, poverses and the economic global unicity theorems of Gale and Nikaido

Strong theorems concerning globally unique solutions to nonlinear inequalities have been obtained byGale andNikaido via P-matrix characterizations of theJacobians of the mappings involved. We introduce two new concepts here: “v-positivity” and the “poverse”. These permit us to state and prove significant generalizations of the theorems just mentioned and, equally important, provide access to preliminary results concerning linear inequalities by the powerful direct techniques of linear programming theory.
Flexibility of active-site gorge aromatic residues and non-gorge aromatic residues in acetylcholinesterase

The presence of an unusually large number of aromatic residues in the active site gorge of acetylcholinesterase is a subject of great interest. Flexibility of these residues has been suspected to be a key player in controlling the ligand traversal in the gorge. This raises the question of whether the over-representation of aromatic residues in the gorge implies higher-than-normal flexibility of these residues. The current study suggests that it does not. Large changes in the hydrophobic cross-sectional area due to dihedral oscillations are probably the reason of their presence in the gorge.
Chemical and physical characterization of barnacle cement

Abstract 1. Cured or solidified barnacle cement is predominantly calcium carbonate in a proteinaceous matrix. Calcite was found to be the crystalline form of the calcium carbonate by X-ray analysis. Other mineral elements and chitin were also detected. 2. Protein fractions were isolated from the shell and solidified cement ofBalanus nubilus. Amino acid analyses indicated significant differences in the two fractions, particularly with regard to the glycine content. Both fractions were high in acidic amino acids. 3. Stained thin sections of the solidified cement revealed a laminated array of protein matrices surrounded by calcium carbonate (calcite). It is suggested that the anionic groups on the matric proteins may serve as sites for nucleation during calcification.
Designing VeSFET-based ICs with CMOS-oriented EDA infrastructure

Medium volume VeSFET-based ASICs can fill the gap between high cost microprocessors and low performance FPGAs. Circuits can be customized onto pre-manufactured VeSFET canvases by properly designed interconnects. In this paper, we propose chain canvases, a family of VeSFET canvases for which CMOS-oriented EDA tools can be easily adapted. Footprint area, wire length, via usage, performance and power are compared between chain canvas- and basic canvas-mapped benchmarks. Experimental results show that chain canvas-mapped circuits outperform those mapped to basic canvases.
The Student Perspective of Psychology Practica Training

Providing practicum training to graduate students is a valued activity of many mental health settings. Practica are also crucial to the training and socialization of future mental health practitioners. This research surveyed 321 doctoral psychology students about expectations of their practicum training sites versus what they actually received in fundamental domains including supervision, client contact, assessment, and research. While the majority of students reported receiving what they expected, a large minority did not; students also indicated that they were quite hesitant to provide feedback about shortfalls in training. Implications and recommendations for administrators of mental heath settings are presented.
A Simulation Framework for Analyzing Transient Effects Due to Thermal Noise in Sub-Threshold Circuits

Noise analysis in nonlinear logic circuits requires models that take into account time-varying biasing conditions. When considering thermal noise, which moves the circuit away from its equilibrium point, a correct modeling approach has to go beyond the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) used in classical noise analysis. Even when accurate models are available, running standard Monte-Carlo simulations that will expose rare soft errors may still be computationally prohibitive. Probabilistic methods are often preferred for estimating the failure rate. However, these approaches may not provide any insight about the dynamic response to noise events. In this paper, we target both problems in the sub-threshold logic application domain. We first provide a time-domain model for fundamental, technology-independent thermal noise in sub-threshold circuits. Then, we use this model to generate noise input files for SPICE transient analysis. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated using 7nm FinFET predictive technology models (PTM) for an inverter and a NAND gate.
Mixed Method Approaches to Understanding Cancer-Related Dietary Risk Reduction among Public Housing Residents

Improving diet is one important pathway for addressing cancer disparities. We conducted mixed-method analyses of 468 24-h dietary recalls from 156 African–American women residents of Washington DC public housing to better understand dietary patterns. Recalls were rated for five cancer-related preventive characteristics (adequate fruits/vegetables, moderate fat, moderate calories, no alcohol, and adequate Healthy Eating Index score), combined as a scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified psychosocial and dietary characteristics associated with scale scores. Qualitative analyses of dietary records identified contextual aspects of food patterns within and across score groups. Sixty-one percent of respondents met zero or one dietary goal; alcohol abstention was most common (64%). Only 12% achieve either three (6%), four (4%), or all five (<1%) goals; five fruit and vegetable servings were least common (15%). The underlying scalar structure of responses suggests that fruit and vegetable consumption is seldom achieved in this population without other scale components. Poorer scores were associated with younger age, depressive symptoms, stressful life events, smoking, and food-purchasing practices. Qualitative analyses identified eight themes related to differences between dietary patterns. Findings reinforce the value of nonreductionist approaches to cancer-related nutrition intervention.
STEM HAADF Image Simulation of the Orthorhombic M1 Phase in the Mo‐V‐Nb‐Te‐O Propane Oxidation Catalyst

A full frozen phonon multislice simulation of high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) images from the M1 phase of the Mo-V-Nb-Te-O propane oxidation catalyst has been performed by using the latest structural model obtained using the Rietveld method. Simulated contrast results are compared with experimental HAADF images. Good agreement is observed at ring sites, however significant thickness dependence is noticed at the linking sites. The remaining discrepancies between the model based on Rietveld refinement and image simulations indicate that the sampling of a small volume element in HAADF STEM and averaging elemental contributions of a disordered site in a crystal slab by using the virtual crystal approximation might be problematic, especially if there is preferential Mo/V ordering near the (001) surface.
Dao and Skepticism

The Zhuangzi raises skeptical problems it does not solve. At best, it asserts that solutions are unnecessary but does not prove it. This is not a fault of the text or its author; it is the logical consequence of the arguments themselves. Philosophically speaking, The Zhuangzi raises doubts, nothing more. Whether this is a good thing or a bad thing, and what we are supposed to do about it, is something we are left to decide for ourselves.
Singlet-to-triplet energy transfer within metal-rare gas van der Waals complexes

Abstract Experiments and ab-initio calculations are discussed involving singlet-to-triplet deactivation of group 2 and 12 metal atom nsnp (1 P) to nsnp (3 P) valence excited states induced by ‘full’ and ‘half-collisions’ with rare-gas (RG) atoms. The evidence presented is consistent with a mechanism originally postulated by Breckenridge and Malmin; if an attractive M·RG(1Π1) potential curve is crossed by the repulsive M·RG(3Σ+ 1) potential curve below the energy region accessed experimentally, pre-dissociation may occur to form the M(nsnp 3P2) state. The efficiency of this singlet-to-triplet energy transfer process depends on the magnitude of the spin—orbit coupling which mixes the 1Π1 and 3Σ+ 1 states in the curve-crossing region.
An algorithm for optimal lambda calculus reduction

We present an algorithm for lambda expression reduction that avoids any copying that could later cause duplication of work. It is optimal in the sense defined by Levy. The basis of the algorithm is a graphical representation of the kinds of commonality that can arise from substitutions; the idea can be adapted to represent other kinds of expressions besides lambda expressions. The algorithm is also well suited to parallel implementations, consisting of a fixed set of local graph rewrite rules.
“MY HEART IS ALWAYS THERE”: THE TRANSNATIONAL PRACTICES OF FIRST-GENERATION MEXICAN IMMIGRANT AND SECOND-GENERATION MEXICAN AMERICAN WOMEN

In the growing and varied body of work on transnationalism, questions remain as to the relevance of the symbolic and affective characteristics of transnationalism, its liberating aspects, the ways it is gendered, and the significance of transnationalism in the lives of the second generation. Through the analysis of 40 qualitative in-depth interviews, this article contributes to these questions by examining the transnational practices of first-generation Mexican immigrant women as well as those of the second generation. It argues that although women in this study engaged relatively infrequently in transnational practices, particularly the second generation, the transnational ties that they maintained contributed social and cultural resources that assisted women in navigating their United States-based realities. The article also discusses the gendered dimensions of these practices, including the symbolic ways women of both generations rely on their transnational space to raise their children, the ways trans...
SAFE INTENSIVE-CARE MANAGEMENT OF A SEVERE CASE OF LASSA FEVER WITH SIMPLE BARRIER NURSING TECHNIQUES

Une observation: sage-femme anglaise travaillant dans un hopital de Sierra Leone, transferee dans un autre hopital avec une affection febrile. La fievre de Lassa est suspectee, et le traitement par les moyens locaux ne suffisent pas. Difficultes du transfert dans un aeroport puis du rapatriement pour traitement en unite de soins intensifs. Description des mesures d'isolement efficaces pendant le voyage
Thermodynamic Conditions for the Surface-Stimulated Crystallization of Atmospheric Droplets

We attempt to explain the experimental and molecular dynamics simulation evidence that suggests that the freezing of atmospheric aerosols occurs beginning at the droplet surface. By using the capillarity approximation, we derive the reversible work of formation of a crystal nucleus in the cases where it forms homogeneously within a (supercooled) bulk liquid and where it forms “pseudoheterogeneously” at the surface. Comparing the works of formation in these two cases, one obtains a condition that must hold in order for pseudoheterogeneous (surface) crystallization to be thermodynamically more favorable than homogeneous (bulk) crystallization. This condition is satisfied when at least one crystal facet is only partially wettable by its own melt. 1. Surface versus Bulk Nucleation This paper may be regarded as a sequel to the preceding paper, 1 in which the analysis of existing laboratory data on the freezing of droplets of aqueous HNO3 into NAT and NAD particles suggests a nucleation process that is surface based. Here, we present a theoretical analysis to determine conditions under which the surface-stimulated mode of crystallization is thermodynamically favored over the volume-based mode.
Hydrocolloid dressing versus tulle gauze in the treatment of abrasions in cyclists.

Abrasions in cyclists were either treated with an occlusive hydrocolloid dressing or with tulle gauze. The main object of the study was to investigate practical questions, e.g: Could the cyclists go on racing without their injuries impeding their progress? Medical aspects evaluated in the study were: the healing time and the infection rate of the wounds. Twenty-three racing cyclists with 38 abrasions were treated with a hydrocolloid dressing and 41 abrasions in 24 cyclists with tulle gauze. The results of the study show that the occlusive dressing produces a shorter healing time (5.6 days) than the tulle gauze (8.9 days), with smaller risks of infection (0% and 10%, respectively) and a longer wearing period per dressing. The hydrocolloid dressing also gives more pain relief than the tulle gauze (91% no pain during racing with the hydrocolloid dressing, 30% with the tulle gauze) and a higher overall comfort (very comfortable to comfortable versus uncomfortable to moderately uncomfortable, respectively).
Effects of water deprivation on classical appetitive conditioning of the rabbit's jaw movement response

Abstract A study conducted to determine the effects of level of water deprivation (30 cc, 90 cc, 180 cc, or ad lib daily water availability) on classical appetitive conditioning of jaw movement in the rabbit revealed that: (a) frequency of jaw movement CRs varied as a direct function of deprivation level; (b) frequency of jaw movement responses in unpaired control groups varied as a direct function of deprivation level, but at levels substantially lower than their respective experimental groups; (c) spontaneous responding was not differentially affected by deprivation level, but remained at a constant, low level throughout training; and (d) frequency of UCR occurrence varied as a direct function of deprivation level.
Microstructure evolution of two model ferritic/martensitic steels under in situ ion irradiation at low doses (0–2 dpa)

Abstract Ferritic/martensitic steels are candidate materials for structural and cladding components designed for Generation IV reactors because of their superior resistance to radiation damage at the high operating temperatures envisioned in these reactors. To enable the development and optimization of such advanced alloys for in-reactor use, a fundamental understanding of radiation damage accumulation in materials is required. In this work, two model F/M steels (12Cr model alloy and 9Cr model alloy) were irradiated with 1 MeV Kr ions at 50 K, 180 K, 298 K, 473 K and 573 K in situ in a TEM. The microstructure evolution under irradiation was followed and characterized at successive doses in terms of irradiation-induced defect formation and evolution, defect density, size distribution and interaction with the as-fabricated microstructure (e.g. dislocation networks, lath boundaries) using weak-beam dark-field imaging. The effect of the irradiation temperature on the defect kinetics is assessed at doses up to 2 dpa.
Computer simulation of trapped-electron modes in tokamaks

This paper presents a numerical method for solving in time the linearized drift-kinetic equation in toroidal geometry, in the local approximation; collisions are represented using a Lorentz model for pitch-angle diffusion. This method is applicable to computer simulations of dissipative trapped-electron modes in tokamaks, including the effects of magnetic curvature and gradient drifts. The accuracy, convergence, and numerical stability of the method are analyzed, and the results of computations verifying these analyses are given.
A Novel Role for Connexin Hemichannel in Oxidative Stress and Smoking-Induced Cell Injury

Oxidative stress is linked to many pathological conditions, including ischemia, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress induced pathophysiology and cell death are currently poorly understood. Our present work demonstrates that oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species and cigarette smoke extract depolarize the cell membrane and open connexin hemichannels. Under oxidative stress, connexin expression and connexin silencing resulted in increased and reduced cell deaths, respectively. Morphological and live/dead assays indicate that cell death is likely through apoptosis. Our studies provide new insights into the mechanistic role of hemichannels in oxidative stress induced cell injury.
Preparation of Bicholestatriene from Cholesterylacetate

IN a recent communication in Nature, Hafez1 has described the isolation of a yellow bicholestatriene from the mixture of products obtained by the action of N-bromosuccinimide on Δ6-i-cholestadiene. A compound of similar, if not identical, nature is also occasionally obtained as a by-product of the preparation of 7-dehydrocholesterylacetate from cholesteryl-acetate and N-bromosuccinimide according to the procedure of Bernstein et al.2.