cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of suramin in plasma and urine by ion-paired reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay has been developed for the quantification of the anti-viral drug suramin (SUR) in human plasma and urine. This assay is simple and accurate, using an isocratic mobile phase in a reverse-phase ion-pairing mode. This assay was developed for the determination of high levels of suramin in the urine and plasma of patients being treated for the acquired immunodefficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The limit of detection of this assay was 0.25 μg/mL. Congo red (CR) was used as the internal standard with a retention time of 5.9 min, while suramin had a retention time of 13 min.
A simple, all-mechanical operant apparatus

An apparatus is described that utilizes the force exerted by a rat in turning a wheel to rotate reward cups into his presence after passing through a reservoir containing water or ground mash. The response-ratio requirement, force requirement, and amount of reward can be manipulated by simple adjustment or interchange of parts.
Adopting e-Procurement technology in a chain hotel: An exploratory case study

Abstract As the lodging sector evolves into a more technology-oriented industry, the need to understand e-Procurement practices becomes more important. The main purpose of this study was to understand the challenges faced by decision makers at a chain hotel company in its adoption and implementation of e-Procurement. Results indicated that the company suffered from a lack of purchasing standardization across properties. Furthermore, this study suggests that not all vendors of e-Procurement solutions may be ready to partner with hotel companies. e-Procurement offers considerable potential for the industry but uncertainties such as those exhibited in this case must be addressed before significant resource commitments are made to e-Procurement.
The Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations Associated with Aneurysms

n the September/October 2011 issue of WORLD NEUROSURGERY, Lv et al. presented a retrospective analysis of 302 I consecutive cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) managed at the Beijing Neurosurgical Institute over a 9-year period. They attempted to identify patient andAVM-related factors that correlated with the presence of an associated intracranial aneurysm. Aneurysms were identified by selective and supraselective angiography and subsequently classified as intranidal, proximal flow-related, and unrelated circle of Willis aneurysms. Seventy-four (24.5%) patients were found to have a total of 77 aneurysms (47 intranidal, 26 proximal flow-related , and 10 unrelated aneurysms of the circle of Willis). Presentation with intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 159 (52.6%) patients and was determined to be caused by the aneurysm in 56. Proximal aneurysms were more likely to present with hemorrhage as compared to intranidal aneurysms. On both univariate and multivariate analyses, AVMs coexisting with aneurysms were found to be significantly associated with hemorrhage at initial presentation as well as infratentorial location. Older age also was found to correlate with presence of an aneurysm on multivariate analysis. There was no correlation between the presence of an associated aneurysm and patient sex, AVM size, and pattern of venous drainage.
Estradiol modulation of α2-noradrenergic receptors in guinea pig brain assessed by tritium-sensitive film autoradiography

Abstract In this experiment, we examined the influence of estradiol on α2-noradrenergic receptor binding in the female guinea pig brain with tritium-sensitive film autoradiography. Treatment of ovariectomized guinea pigs with estradiol increased α2-receptor binding in regions of the preoptic area and decreased binding in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. There was no effect of estradiol on α2-receptor concentrations in other estradiol concentrating regions or in brain areas which do not concentrate estradiol.
Promoting discussions about cultural competence in an undergraduate health course

Objective The objective of this study was to determine how themes expressed in The Spirit Catches You and Then You Fall, influenced Health Promotion and Wellness students in terms of cultural competence in future practice.Design This was a cross sectional, qualitative study.Setting The setting for this study was Oswego, New York in the United States.Method This study used qualitative methods to describe the ideas of 18 undergraduate students enrolled in Health Promotion Planning, a required class for health promotion majors. This report is based on their final reflection in which they were asked to write about the bearing this book will have on their future careers in health promotion. The results were determined using an inductive coding approach characteristic of Grounded Theory. The responses were read several times and main themes were extracted. They were then grouped according to themes and read again. At this point, specific quotations which illustrated each theme were extracted and recorded.Result...
Bacteria repelling on highly-ordered alumina-nanopore structures

Bacteria introduce diseases and infections to humans by their adherence to biomaterials, such as implants and surgical tools. Cell desorption is an effective step to reduce such damage. Here, we report mechanisms of bacteria desorption. An alumina nanopore structure (ANS) with pore size of 35 nm, 55 nm, 70 nm, and 80 nm was used as substrate to grow Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. A bacteria repelling experimental method was developed to quantitatively evaluate the area percentage of adherent bacterial cells that represent the nature of cell adhesion as well as desorption. Results showed that there were two crucial parameters: contact angle and contact area that affect the adhesion/desorption. The cells were found to be more easily repelled when the contact angle increased. The area percentage of adherent bacterial cells decreased with the decrease in the contact area of a cell on ANS. This means that cell accessibility on ANS depends on the contact area. This research reveals the effectiveness of the nanopored structures in repelling cells.
Effect of repeated administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose or insulin on catechol-amine-synthesizing enzymes in rat adrenals.

One dose of either 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) or insulin does not alter significantly enzymes involved in the synthesis of adrenal catecholamines. However, repeated doses of 2DG (500 mg/kg) or insulin (10 units of Iletin/kg) injected daily into male rats produce striking changes in levels of these enzymes. Six hr after the last of seven daily injections of either agent, there was significant increase of adrenal weight and marked rise of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-B-hydroxylase. Adrenal phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase was increased only slightly by single or repeated doses of 2DG or insulin but attained statistical significance only after repeated doses of insulin. 2DG apparently was a greater stimulus for epinephrine secretion than insulin since a marked lowering of adrenal epinephrine was induced by 2DG but not by insulin.
The prognosis in syphilitic aortic aneurysm after treatment with penicillin.

Summary Thirteen cases of syphilitic aortic aneurysm have been treated with penicillin. All had, on diagnosis, definite symptoms which suggested that death might occur within one or two years. Nine patients are leading reasonably normal lives, having been observed for varying periods between 32 and 74 months.
Can Drosophila melanogaster represent a model system for the detection of reproductive adverse drug reactions

Once a molecule is identified as a potential drug, the detection of adverse drug reactions is one of the key components of its development and the FDA approval process. We propose using Drosophila melanogaster to screen for reproductive adverse drug reactions in the early stages of drug development. Compared with other non-mammalian models, D. melanogaster has many similarities to the mammalian reproductive system, including putative sex hormones and conserved proteins involved in genitourinary development. Furthermore, the D. melanogaster model would present significant advantages in time efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared with mammalian models. We present data on methotrexate (MTX) reproductive adverse events in multiple animal models, including fruit flies, as proof-of-concept for the use of the D. melanogaster model.
Academic Performance, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity in Online Courses Delivered by Two-Year Colleges

This study investigated the effects the demographic variables age, gender, and ethnicity and their interactions had on academic performance in online courses delivered by public two-year colleges in Kentucky. The study controlled for previous academic performance measured by cumulative grade point average (GPA). The study used a random sample (N = 320) of all students who had enrolled in at least one online course delivered by the institutions of the Kentucky Community and Technical College System in the spring 2008 semester. A linear hierarchical multiple regression acting as ANCOVA served as the main analysis, with the order entry as follows: cumulative GPA; independent variables (age, gender, ethnicity); interaction vectors; and product vectors. Final course grade served as the dependent variable. The results of the analysis indicated that only cumulative GPA was a significant predictor, explaining approximately 40% of the variance of the final grade. Although differences in final grades were present a...
Contrast perception with video displays

Distributed picture archiving and communication systems require electronic displays, today probably video displays. An obvious restriction with video displays, especially when multiple images are viewed, is on resolution both along image lines and due to the video raster. The effect of this restriction and the needs for improvement will be briefly reviewed. Perhaps a less obvious restriction of video displays is on contrast, as compared to film. Only limited grey-scale contrast is provided, and the fact that multiple images must be presented near each other on a single display means that the contents of one image will affect the perception of another. The perceptual and display mechanisms causing these effects will be described, means of specifying these contrast effects will be presented, and quantitative measures of the effectiveness of various display systems will be given. Pseudocolor scales provide a means on video displays of lessening the restriction on contrast. However, these scales bring with them problems of associability and variation in relative sensitivity across the scale. A linearization method will be presented for avoiding the second problem and thus allowing the comparison of different scales. Ppproachs for choosing sensitive pseudocolor scales without associability difficulties or contour artifacts will be presented, and specific scales superior to grey-scale will be recommended.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Slightly curved or kinked cracks in anisotropic elastic solids

Abstract Slightly curved or kinked cracks in anisotropic elastic solids are studied via a perturbation analysis valid for the second order accuracy in the deviation of the crack surfaces from a straight line. The analysis is based on complex variable representations in the Stroh formalism and known solutions for a perfectly straight reference crack. First and second order perturbation solutions are given for the stress intensity factors at the tip of a finite curved crack under remote stresses in a solid with arbitrary anisotropy, and are used to establish an approximate relationship between the apparent and local stress intensities at a crack tip, in view of the possible shielding effects of the crack surface morphology near the tip. The role of anisotropy is examined for a number of problems including circular arc cracks, slightly jogged or kinked cracks, cosine wavy cracks, etc. In several cases, further insight into the anisotropic effect on crack curving or kinking is provided by specializing the general perturbation formulae to cracks in materials with orthotropic symmetry. In the limiting case of a crack with an infinitesimal branch length, comparison with numerical results reported in the literature indicates that our perturbation solutions are accurate over the full range of practically important branch angles, up to nearly 150. For anisotropic elastic solids, various fracture criteria such as those based on energy release rate, G . and stress intensity factors, K 1 and K 11 . cease to give consistent predictions on crack behaviour. By investigating the effects of mode mixity. material anisotropy and non-singular T -stress on the behaviour of a nearly symmetric crack path in an orthotropic solid, we show that the K -based fracture criteria lead to very peculiar, perhaps even physically unreasonable, predictions such as: (i) branch angle at a mixed mode crack tip becomes infinite as the compliances perpendicular and parallel to the crack. S vv / S vv reach a four-fold difference: (ii) the sign of the branch angle is reversed when S vv / S vv > 4. with the consequence of reversing the role of the non-singular T stress on the stability of a symmetric fracture path, namely, the path becomes stable for T > 0 and unstable for T K t , becomes a local minimum with respect to crack angle once S vv / S vv > 4. In contrast, the G -based criterion gives reasonable predictions such as: (i) cracks under mixed mode loading always tend to branch toward symmetric orientations; (ii) material and loading asymmetries play an equivalent role in affecting crack branching near a symmetric orientation; (iii) a compressive T stress always tends to stabilize a symmetric fracture path while a tensile T stress destabilizes such a path. For general crack path stability, the role of anisotropy can be manifested through (i) the value of T -stress at the crack tip and (ii) the variation of fracture resistance with respect to crack orientation.
Heme oxygenase in the experimental ALS mouse.

Abstract Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress protein inducible in some cells by oxidative stress. The status of heme oxygenase was investigated in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) since oxidative mechanisms are postulated in neuronal injury. Three ALS mice [(SOD1-G93A)1Gur] and three controls [(SOD-1)2Gur] were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory. Behavioral differences suggestive of neurodegeneration in ALS mice developed at 4–5 months of age. All mice were killed at 7–8 months of age. Tissue vacuolation, cell loss, and the presence of GFAP + cells were noted in the spinal cords of ALS mice. Spinal cord motor neurons in both control and ALS mice stained positive for heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2). While not precluding the presence of low levels of HO-1 neither immunohistochemical staining nor Western blot analysis provided evidence for significant HO-1 induction in degenerating spinal cord.
Piggyback Prototyping: Using Existing, Large-Scale Social Computing Systems to Prototype New Ones

We propose a technique we call piggyback prototyping, a prototyping mechanism for designing new social computing systems on top of existing ones. Traditional HCI prototyping techniques do not translate well to large social computing systems. To address this gap, we describe a 6-stage process for prototyping new social computing systems using existing online systems, such as Twitter or Facebook. This allows researchers to focus on what people do on their system rather than how to attract people to it. We illustrate this technique with an instantiation on Twitter to pair people who are different from each other in airports. Even though there were many missed meetings, 53% of survey respondents would be interested in being matched again, and eight people even met in person. Through piggyback prototyping, we gained insight into the future design of this system. We conclude the paper with considerations for privacy, consent, volume of users, and evaluation metrics.
Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink: The false promise of virtual water

The concept of “virtual water,” which represents the volume of water needed to produce a particular quantity of agricultural commodity, has become popular among international water experts. Advocat...
Antibiotic-conjugated polyacrylate nanoparticles: New opportunities for development of anti-MRSA agents

This report describes the preparation of polyacrylate nanoparticles in which an N-thiolated beta-lactam antibiotic is covalently conjugated onto the polymer framework. These nanoparticles are formed in water by emulsion polymerization of an acrylated antibiotic pre-dissolved in a liquid acrylate monomer (or mixture of co-monomers) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant and potassium persulfate as a radical initiator. Dynamic light scattering analysis and electron microscopy images of these emulsions show that the nanoparticles are approximately 40 nm in diameter. The emulsions have potent in vitro antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and have improved bioactivity relative to the non-polymerized form of the antibiotic. A unique feature of this methodology is the ability to incorporate water-insoluble drugs directly into the nanoparticle framework without the need for post-synthetic modification. Additionally, the antibiotic properties of the nanoparticles can be modulated by changing the length or location of the acrylate linker on the drug monomer.
Developing an integrated optics laboratory at minimum cost

A little over ten years ago, the physics department at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology introduced an applied optics program at the graduate level. Included among the five core courses required for the Master's degree, was a four credit hour course in integrated optics which consisted of both lecture and laboratory. Such a course offering required not only a working knowledge of the lecture material but also the acquisition of appropriate equipment and material to develop a laboratory for demonstrating principles presented in class. Suitable experiments would consist of the fabrication of and the coupling into such elements as planar and channel waveguides. Other experiments would involve the study of phase modulation and amplitude modulation in integrated optical devices. Expertise for offering the course was obtained through a sabbatical taken in the electrical engineering department at the University of Cincinnati in 1983. An important feature available at the university was its microelectronics fabrication laboratory. This experience provided the necessary practical knowledge required to develop an integrated optics course with a laboratory component. Because of the expense of much of the equipment required to fabricate the devices, alternative approaches had to be taken. Some of these approaches included in-house fabrication of large scale equipment, donations of older equipment and integrated optical devices from sister institutions, government educational programs, and corporate funding programs. Although, a laboratory, as originally envisioned, has not yet been fully completed, what is available at present fulfills some of the intended goals.
Heavy metal and selenium concentrations in black skimmers (Rynchops niger) : gender differences

Most studies of heavy metals and selenium have not examined or have failed to find differences in concentrations in the tissues of birds as a function of size or sex. Heavy metal and selenium concentrations were analyzed in breast feathers of adult black skimmers Rynchops niger, a species with marked sexual size dimorphism in which males average 35% heavier than females. Females had significantly higher concentrations of lead and cadmium than males, but there were no gender differences in mercury, selenium, chromium, manganese, and copper despite the marked sexual dimorphism in body size. There were no significant correlations of bird weight or wing length and metal and selenium concentrations, and few correlations among metal and selenium concentrations in the feathers.
Application of in situ transmission electron microscopy for tribological investigations of magnetron sputter assisted pulsed laser deposition of yttria-stabilized zirconia-gold composite coatings

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-Au composite coatings have great potential as solid film lubricants for aerospace applications over a wide range of environmental conditions. They were grown on steel disks or silicon wafers by pulsed laser ablation of YSZ and simultaneous magnetron sputtering of a Au target. Such a combination of ceramics with soft metals improved the toughness of the composite coating and increased its ability to lubricate at high temperature. Information on the time-dependent response of these microstructures to changes in temperature is essential to tribological investigations of high temperature performance. In situ transmission electron microscopy was used to directly measure the dynamic change of YSZ-Au coating structure at elevated temperatures. High-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction showed that amorphous YSZ-5 at.% Au coatings proceeded to crystallize under the irradiation of electron beams. Time varying x-ray energy dispersive spectra measured a loss of oxygen in the sample during about 10 min of irradiation with subsequent slight oxygen recovery. This behavior was related to the activation of oxygen diffusion under electron irradiation. X-ray diffraction patterns from vacuum annealed samples verified crystallization of the coatings at 500 °C. Real-time growth of Au nanograins in the sample was observed as the temperature was increased to 500 °C in a TEM specimen holder that could be heated. The grain growth process was recorded using a charge-coupled device camera installed on the transmission electron microscope. The crystallization and growth of zirconia and Au nanograins resulted in low friction during tribological tests. The nucleation of Au islands on heated ball-on-flat specimens was responsible for lowering friction.
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on ruminal starch digestion are dependent upon dry matter intake for lactating cows.

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate ruminal digestion responses to Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) supplementation and to determine if responses are influenced by voluntary feed intake. Fifteen ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows with a wide range in preliminary dry matter intake (pDMI; 20.1 to 31.0 kg/d) measured during a 14-d preliminary period were used in a crossover design experiment. Treatments were SCFP and control (a mix of dry ground corn and soybean meal), top-dressed at the rate of 56 g/d per head. The base diet contained 28% NDF, 30% starch, and 16.5% CP and included corn silage, alfalfa silage, high-moisture corn, protein supplement, and a mineral and vitamin supplement. Treatment periods were 28 d, with the final 8 d used for sample and data collection. Voluntary dry matter intake was determined during the last 4 d of the preliminary period. Ruminal digestion kinetics were determined using the pool-and-flux method. Main effects of SCFP treatment and their interaction with pDMI were tested by ANOVA. An interaction was detected between SCFP treatment and pDMI for ruminal digestion rate of starch; SCFP increased the rate of starch digestion compared with the control for cows with pDMI below 26 kg/d and decreased it for cows with higher pDMI. This resulted in an interaction between treatment and pDMI for turnover rate of starch in the rumen and true and apparent ruminal starch digestibility because passage rate of starch from the rumen was not affected by treatment (mean = 24.3%/h). Ruminal pH (mean = 6.0), dry matter intake, milk yield and component percentages were not affected by treatment or its interaction with pDMI. Supplementation of SCFP reduced the rate of ruminal starch digestion for cows with higher feed intake, which could help stabilize the ruminal environment when large amounts of starch are consumed to support higher milk production.
An interdisciplinary laboratory for manufacturing education

Abstract Due to its nature of the field of manufacturing automation, education in this area is likely to be more effective in an interdisciplinary mode. Under this hypothesis, the School of Engineering at North Carolina A&T State University, has recently developed two courses and several laboratories for manufacturing engineering education. This paper will present the development and use of a Computer-Integrated-Manufacturing cell.
Design of reflection-retarders using non-negative film-substrate systems

A reflection-type film-substrate retarder is an optical device that changes the relative phase but not the relative amplitude of light upon reflection from a film-substrate system. While there are several such device designs based on the common negative film-substrate system, very little has been done with the other two categories of systems; zero and positive. The system category is determined by the relationship between the refractive indices of the ambient (N 0 ), film (N 1 ), and substrate (N 2 ). If N 1 0 N 2 , the system is negative; if N 1 =√N 0 N 2 , the system is zero; and if N 1 >√N 0 N 2 , the system is positive . This paper discusses the design procedure and characteristics of zero-system reflection-retarders. The polarization and ellipsometric properties of the positive system preclude the existence of a reflection-retarder. First, a brief characterization of the zero and positive systems using constant-angle-of-incidence contours (CAICs) and Constant-thickness contours (CTCs) of the ellipsometric function is presented and discussed. Then, an algorithm outlining the design procedures is presented, and the characteristics of the obtained designs are optimized, analyzed and discussed.
Current and future hepatitis C virus diagnostic testing: problems and advancements

Serological antibody assays used in hepatitis C virus diagnosis have improved in sensitivity and specificity. However, detection of active viremia or monitoring levels of virus during or after patient treatment is most commonly undertaken using nucleic acid-based technologies. Advancements in diagnostic technologies and implications for managing patients with hepatitis C in various clinical settings are discussed.
Metric properties of the ASIA motor score: subscales improve correlation with functional activities.

Abstract Marino RJ, Graves DE. Metric properties of the ASIA motor score: subscales improve correlation with functional activities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1804–10. Objective To apply item response theory (IRT) methods to neurologic and functional scales to determine the value of using American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor subscores and ability estimates, rather than total ASIA motor scores, to predict motor FIM instrument scores. Design Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data. Setting Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems centers. Participants People with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) (N=4338) discharged from inpatient rehabilitation between January 1, 1994, and March 31, 2003. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Total discharge motor FIM scores, FIM subscale scores, and IRT-derived ability estimates of motor FIM scores. Results Use of separate ASIA upper-extremity and lower-extremity motor scores improved prediction of motor FIM scores over that of total ASIA motor score ( R 2 for motor FIM score, .71 vs .59). Use of IRT-based ability estimates derived by applying a 2-parameter graded response model to the raw scores, however, did not improve prediction of motor FIM scores above that of the ASIA motor subscale scores. Conclusions Consistent with the metric properties of the ASIA motor score, and with recent models of disablement, impairment in SCI is more accurately characterized by using separate ASIA upper- and lower-extremity motor scores than by using a single motor score. Use of subscores for impairment should improve prediction of functional abilities and enhance more complex models of disability.
Women with one elevated 3-hour glucose tolerance test value: are they at risk for adverse perinatal outcomes?

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine whether women with one elevated value of the 3-hour glucose tolerance test are at increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes. Study design This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies that were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus with the use of the glucose loading test and with a glucose tolerance test for follow up, if screened values were positive. Perinatal outcomes in women with one elevated glucose tolerance test value were compared with the outcomes in women who screened negative by glucose loading test. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical outcomes, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to control for potential confounding factors; a P value of Results Of 14,036 women who met the study criteria, women with one elevated glucose tolerance test value exhibited higher rates of cesarean delivery (in nulliparous women only), preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis, birth weight >4000 g and >4500 g, and neonatal admission to the intensive care nursery as compared with women who screened negative ( P Conclusion Although women with one elevated glucose tolerance test value are not diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, they are still at risk for adverse perinatal outcomes.
Safety and efficacy of esmolol for unstable angina pectoris.

Abstract Esmolol is a rapidly metabolized cardioselective β-adrenergic blocker that provides steady state β-adrenergic blockade when administered by continuous intravenous infusion. To determine the efficacy of esmolol in the management of unstable angina, 23 patients with known coronary artery disease, who averaged 3.7 ± 2.7 daily episodes of chest pain at rest, were randomized to receive either a continuous infusion of esmolol (n = 12) or oral propranolol (n = 11), as an adjunct to concomitant antianginal therapy. Patients with systolic blood pressure
Antisocial behavior, substance use, and somatization in families of adolescent drug abusers and adolescent controls.

Symptoms of conduct disorder (CD), antisocial personality disorder (ASP), alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and somatization were tabulated for the families of 35 delinquent, substance-abusing (multiple-problem) adolescent male probands and 35 age-matched control males. Alcohol abuse, CD/ASP, and somatization were assessed with either the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) (for participants aged 18 and up) or the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA) (for participants aged 12 to 17). Drug abuse for all participants was assessed with the Substance Abuse Module (SAM) of the Comprehensive Interview for Diagnostic Evaluation (CIDE). As expected, proband groups had significantly more (p <. 0001) CD/ASP, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse symptoms than control groups. A significant (p <. 01) positive correlation among CD/ASP, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse was found for each group. Somatization was not differentially associated with proband status. It was concluded that identifying male multiple-problem ...
The respective involvement of noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolites in waking and paradoxical sleep: a neuropharmacological model.

Abstract To further assess the role of NA and its metabolites in waking, PGO spiking and PS, drugs which selectively inhibit one of the 3 metabolic pathways of NA were administered to chronnically implanted cats which were continuously recorded and periodically observed. The results were the following: (1a) Inhibition of COMT with 100 mg/kg tropolone led to an increase in waking. This drug produced a secondary increase in PGO spiking. (1b) 50 mg/kg tropolone plus 25 mg/kg l -DOPA produced a large increase in waking manifested behaviorally by rage behavior of a hallucinatory nature. Following the period of maximum excitability, PGO spkies invaded the waking record. Spiking was also increased in stages I and II sleep during 24 h post-injection and frequency of spiking in PS and percent of PS were augmented during 24—48 h post-injection. (2) Inhibition of NA reuptake with 5 mg/kg desipramine led to a decrease in waking. This drug was followed by a suppression of spiking and PS. (3a) Inhibition of MAO with 8 mg/kg tranylcypromine, 10 mg/kg pheniprazine and 100 mg/kg pargyline respectively produced strong arousal, mild arousal and sleep. These same inhibitors produced suppression of spiking for 1, 2, and 3 days respectively and of PS for 1, 3, and 4 days respectively. (3b) The inhibitors of MAO in combination with l -DOPA produced very extreme arousal which was characterized by stereotyped hyperactivity and was frequently followed by death. The sleep originally produced by pargyline alone was reversed to a highly intense arousal with DOPA. 2.5 mg/kg pheniprazine and 50 mg/kg pargyline, each in combination with 25 mg/kg l -DOPA produced a long-lasting suppression of PGO spiking and PS. Whereas drug-induced increases in NA levels generally produced an enhancement and increase in duration of waking, this same increase was not associated with an increase in spiking or PS. These phenomena are correlated however with the presumed level of deaminated metabolites of NA, where inhibition of COMT leads to an increase, inhibition of reuptake leads to a decrease, and inhibition of MAO leads to a disappearance of these metabolites, and of PGO spiking and PS. In conclusion it was hypothesized that NA is implicated in the mediation of waking and that its deaminated metabolites are implicated in the generation of PGO spiking and PS.
A phase II trial of neoadjuvant cisplatin–fluorouracil followed by postoperative intraperitoneal floxuridine–leucovorin in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with intravenous (i.v.) cisplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU), surgery and postoperative intraperitoneal (i.p.) floxuridine (FUdR) and leucovorin (LV) in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Patients and methods: Preoperative staging was confirmed by laparoscopy (LAP). Two cycles of i.v. cisplatin (20 mg/m2/day, rapid infusion) and 5-FU (1000 mg/m2, continuous 24-h infusion), given on days 1–5 and 29–34, were followed by a radical gastrectomy and a D2 lymphadenectomy. Patients having R0 resections were to receive three cycles of i.p. FUdR (1000 mg/m2) and LV (240 mg/m2), given on days 1–3, 15–17 and 29–31. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy was begun 5–10 days from surgery. Results: Thirty-eight patients were treated. Both preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy were well tolerated. T stage downstaging (pretreatment LAP versus surgical pathological stage) was seen in 23% of patients. The R0 resection rate was 84%. Neither an increase in postoperative morbidity nor operative mortality was noted. With a median follow-up of 43.0 months, 15 patients (39.5%) are still alive (median survival 30.3 months). Good pathologic response, seen in five patients (15%), was associated with better survival (P = 0.053). Peritoneal and hepatic failures were found in 22% and 9% of patients, respectively. Quality of life seemed to be preserved. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant cisplatin/5-FU followed by postoperative i.p. FUdR/LV can be safely delivered to patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy. The R0 resection and the survival rates are encouraging. An association between pathologic response and patient outcome was suggested.
Modification of Burow's advancement flap: avoiding the secondary triangle.

ImportanceBurow’s advancement flap is a frequently used and versatile flap in cutaneous surgery because it provides an excellent method for repair of large defects in proximity to free margins. Its...
An approach for evaluating the security of an Air Force type network

An approach for assessing the security of an Air-Force-type network environment at the AFR 205-16 sensitive/unclassified Trusted Network Interpretation C2 levels is discussed. The first step in this approach was to assess the security for each stand-alone system. For the target network this was done using two separate assessment processes. The first was to assess the security profiles of functional area subsystems. Its main objective was to determine the necessary enhancements (in terms of internal hardware and software controls, physical, procedural, administrative, and Communications Security (COMSEC) controls) to bring these individual subsystems to the C2 level (as defined in DOD 5200.28-STD) and to provide protection for sensitive/unclassified systems as defined in AFR 205-16. The second process was to perform a similar security assessment of the ISDN (integrated services digital network) communications switch. In the second step, the information found from these two assessments was used to assess a target network. >
Induction of High Mobility Group-I(Y) Protein by Endotoxin and Interleukin-1β in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ROLE IN ACTIVATION OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE

Abstract Nonhistone chromosomal proteins of the high mobility group (HMG) affect the transcriptional regulation of certain mammalian genes. For example, HMG-I(Y) controls cytokine-mediated promoters that require transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB, for maximal expression. Even though a great deal is known about how HMG-I(Y) facilitates expression of other genes, less is known about the regulation of HMG-I(Y) itself, especially in cells in primary culture. Therefore we investigated the effect of endotoxin and the cytokine interleukin-1β on HMG-I(Y) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Induction of HMG-I(Y) peaked after 48 h of interleukin-1β stimulation (6.2-fold) in cells in primary culture, and this increase in mRNA corresponded to an increase in HMG-I(Y) protein. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining revealed a dramatic increase in HMG-I(Y) protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells after endotoxin stimulation in vivo. This increase in HMG-I(Y) expression (both in vitro and in vivo) mirrored an up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, a cytokine-responsive gene. The functional significance of this coinduction is underscored by our finding that HMG-I(Y) potentiated the response of inducible nitric oxide synthase to nuclear factor-κB transactivation. Taken together, these studies suggest that induction of HMG-I(Y), and subsequent transactivation of iNOS, may contribute to a reduction in vascular tone during endotoxemia and other systemic inflammatory processes.
A+U-Rich Instability Elements Differentially Activate 5′-3′ and 3′-5′ mRNA Decay

The A+U-rich elements (or AREs) are cis-acting sequences that activate rapid mRNA decay, yet the overall polarity of this process is unknown. The current study describes an unbiased approach to this using the Invader RNA assay (Third Wave Technologies, Inc.) to quantify the decay of each of the three exons of human beta-globin mRNA without added instability elements or with the AREs from c-fos or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA in the 3' untranslated region. Each of these genes under tetracycline operator control was stably transfected into cells, and beta-globin mRNA was quantified with exon-specific probes following transcription termination. There was little overall evidence for polarity in stable mRNA decay. Adding the c-fos ARE activated rapid and simultaneous decay from both ends of the mRNA. In contrast, the GM-CSF ARE activated decay primarily from the mRNA 5' end. These data were supported by reciprocal RNA interference knockdowns, and we present evidence that the 5'-3' and 3'-5' decay pathways are functionally linked.
Uplift and heat flow following the injection of magmas into the lithosphere

Summary. The thermal effect of a rapid injection of hot magmas into the lower part of the lithosphere is modelled as an increase in heat production through the invaded region. The change in surface heat flow and the uplift resulting from the thermal expansion are determined in three-dimensional axially symmetric geometry: they are expressed as the space time convolutions of a Green’s function with the anomalous heat production. The anomalies with shorter wavelength (compared to the lithospheric thickness) are attenuated. This filtering affects the surface uplift more than the heat flow anomaly; the attenuation effect is larger when only the lower part of the lithosphere is invaded. The uplift time constant is of the same order as the heat conduction time if the lower lithosphere is invaded by magmas at a moderate rate (i.e. the rate of injection does not exceed the equivalent of 0.1 per cent of the lithospheric volume in 106yr). Fifty per cent of the total uplift takes place in about 80x 106yr for a lithosphere lOOkm thick. The uplift is slightly faster when the whole lithosphere is invaded. The heat flow anomaly is delayed when the lower part of the lithosphere is invaded. The spatial extent and the timing of the uplift and heat flow anomalies are critical in determining the mechanism’s feasibility. Magma injections explain rapid uplifts [> 100 m (lo6 yr)-’] only if the magma is supplied at a very high rate (i.e. at least 10 per cent of the lithosphere volume per 106yr). It is a feasible mechanism for uplifts that occur over longer periods of time (- 30 x 106yr) such as those that seem to have occurred when the African plate came to rest with respect to the mantle.
Weight distributions of the cosets of the (32,6) Reed-Muller code

In this paper we present the weight distribution of all 2^26 cosets of the (32,6) first-order Reed-Muller code. The code is invariant under the complete affine group, of order 32 \times 31 \times 30 \times 28 \times 24 \times 16. In the Appendix we show (by hand computations) that this group partitions the 2^26 cosets into only 48 equivalence classes, and we obtain the number of cosets in each class. A simple computer program then enumerated the weights of the 32 vectors ih each of the 48 cosets. These coset enumerations also answer this equivalent problem: how well are the 2^32 Boolean functions of five variables approximated by the 2^5 linear functions and their complements?
Performance of systems using adaptive arrays in mobile ad hoc networks

In the design of future mobile ad hoc networks, it has been widely assumed that adaptive antenna arrays could significantly improve the overall network throughput. However, implementing adaptive antenna systems is neither simple nor inexpensive. In order to make reasonable decisions regarding the use of such technology, the achievable performance improvement using adaptive arrays must be quantified. This paper studies the system throughput of mobile ad hoc networks with various antenna configurations. Computer simulations are used to calculate these throughputs. The computer simulation allows control of various parameters, such as antenna geometry, number of antenna elements, node movement model, propagation model, and channel characteristics. The performance of systems using adaptive arrays is compared to the performance of a baseline system which uses omnidirectional antennas. In particular, the performance of systems that steer only the main beam is compared with systems that steer nulls as well. It is shown that steering only the main beam of an adaptive antenna array, so that it points in the direction of the signal of interest, results in performance that is only slightly better than that of an omnidirectional antenna. However, steering the nulls along with the main beam, such that the signal to interference ratio is maximized, results in system throughput that is several times greater than that obtained with omnidirectional antennas.
Potassium Sorbate Permeability of Methylcellulose and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Coatings: Effect of Fatty Acids

Surface microbial stability is a major determinant of the shelf life of refrigerated meat products. Surface microbial growth has also been noticed in intermediate moisture foods exposed to temperature fluctuations. One solution to this problem is to apply edible coatings to the food surface which control diffusion of antimicrobial agents into the food. Films with such properties were identified using a permeability cell. Methyl- and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mixed with lauric, palmitic, stearic and arachidic acid significantly lowered the potassium sorbate permeation rate relative to cellulose ether films containing no fatty acids. Permeability determinations at 5, 24, 32 and 40°C showed excellent agreement with the Arrhenius activation energy model for the permeation process.
The pathophysiology of post-radical prostatectomy incontinence: a clinical and video urodynamic study.

Purpose: We examine various mechanisms of post-radical prostatectomy incontinence.Materials and Methods: A total of 83 consecutive men (mean age 68 ± 6.6 years) referred for evaluation of persistent post-radical prostatectomy incontinence were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent clinical and urodynamic evaluation. Final diagnosis was based on clinical judgment considering patient history, pad test, voiding diary, free (unintubated) uroflow measurements, video urodynamics and linear passive urethral resistance relation curves. We compared free uroflow and pressure flow obtained with a 7Fr urethral catheter in place, and empirically defined low urethral compliance as at least 10 ml. per second difference between these measurements.Results: Sphincteric incontinence was the most common urodynamic finding, occurring in 73 patients (88%). Detrusor instability was identified in 28 patients (33.7%) and in 6 (7.2%) was the main cause of incontinence. In 2 other patients bladder outlet obstruction (1.2%) ...
DOPAMINE INHIBITS 32Pi INCORPORATION INTO PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL IN THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND OF THE RAT

The hi vitro effect of dopamine, haloperidol and pimozide on 32pi incorporation into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine by anterior pituitary glands was studied. Dopamine decreased the incorporation of 32pi into phosphatidylinositol in a dose-related manner without affecting phosphatidyicholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Haloperidol and pimozide did not modify 32pi incorporation into these phospholipids by themselves but completely reversed the inhibitory effect of dopamine on phosphatidylinositol. The inhibition of 32pi incorporation into phosphatidyiinositol synthesis in the presence of 500 nM dopamine was significant at 20 min of incubation and maximal at 30 min. The possibility that a decrease in phosphatidylinositol cleavage and turnover may be involved in the inhibitory regulation of prolactin secretion by DA is suggested.
Crystalline Boron Nanoribbons: Synthesis and Characterization

Catalyst-free growth of boron nanoribbons was observed by pyrolysis of diborane at 630−750 °C and ∼200 mTorr in a quartz tube furnace. Nanodiffraction analysis indicates the nanoribbons are single crystal α-tetragonal boron. TEM images show the nanoribbon is covered by a 1−2 nm thick amorphous layer. Elemental analysis by EELS, EDX, and XPS shows the nanoribbons consist of boron with small amounts of oxygen and carbon. Infrared and Raman spectra are also reported.
Videography for telepresentations

Our goal is to help automate the capture and broadcast of lectures to remote audiences. There are two inter-related components to the design of such systems. The technology component includes the hardware (e.g., video cameras) and associated software (e.g., speaker-tracking). The aesthetic component embodies the rules and idioms that human videographers follow to make a video visually engaging. We present a lecture room automation system and a substantial number of new video-production rules obtained from professional videographers who critiqued it. We also describe rules for a variety of lecture room environments differing in the numbers and types of cameras. We further discuss gaps between what professional videographers do and what is technologically feasible today.