cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time Perspective, Intended Academic Engagement, and Academic Performance

Time perspective theory addresses how individuals’ emphasis on past, present, and future events influence their behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time perspective and academic performance among college students using longitudinal, official GPA data, while also considering students’ intended academic engagement—that is, their stated intention to engage in academically beneficial behavior toward the beginning of the semester. Overall, the future, present-hedonistic, present-fatalistic, and past-negative time perspectives were associated with intended academic engagement, while only the future, present-fatalistic and past-negative time perspectives were associated with GPA in the subsequent two semesters. However, only the future time perspective was a unique predictor of intended academic engagement and GPA. Furthermore, intended academic engagement was found to mediate the relationship between future time perspective and GPA after one semester but not two semesters. The results underscore the importance of the future time perspective in relation to academic performance.
Antibody Inducing Polyvalent Cancer Vaccines

The great majority of cancer patients can initially be rendered free of detectable disease by surgery and/or chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy are generally only minimally beneficial, so there is real need for additional methods of eliminating residual circulating cancer cells and micrometastases. This is the ideal setting for treatment with a cancer vaccine. The immune response induced is critically dependent on the antigenic epitope and vaccine design. For antibody induction there is one best vaccine design, conjugation of the antigen to an immunogenic protein such as KLH and the use of a potent adjuvant such as the saponins QS-21 and GPI-0100. This approach alone induced strong antibody responses against the glycolipids GM2, fucosyl GM1 and globo H and the mucin backbone MUC1, and cancer cells expressing these antigens. Other antigens required additional modifications to augment relevant immunogenicity. GD2 and GD3 lactones and N-propionylated polysialic acid were significantly more effective at inducing antibodies against tumor cells than the unmodified antigens. Tn, sTn and TF trimers (clusters) were significantly more effective than the monomers at inducing antibodies reactive with the cancer cell surface. The optimal approach for Le(Y), KSA, PSMA, and CA125 (MUC16) remains to be determined. Antibodies are ideally suited for eradicating pathogens from the bloodstream and from early tissue invasion. Passively administered and vaccine induced antibodies have accomplished this, eliminating circulating tumor cells and systemic or intraperitoneal micrometastases in a variety of preclinical models, so antibody-inducing vaccines offer real promise in the adjuvant setting. Polyvalent vaccines will probably be required due to tumor cell heterogeneity, heterogeneity of the human immune response and the correlation between overall antibody titer against tumor cells and antibody effector mechanisms. Over the next several years, Phase II clinical trials designed to determine the clinical impact of polyvalent conjugate vaccines will be initiated in the adjuvant setting in patients with SCLC and several epithelial cancers.
On the quadratic programming approach for hub location problems

Hub networks play an important role in many real-life network systems such as transportation and telecommunication networks. Hub location problem is concerned with identifying appropriate hub locations in a network and connecting an efficient hub-and-spoke network that minimizes the flow-weighted costs across the network. This chapter is focused on the uncapacitated single allocation p-hub median problem (USApHMP), which arises in many real-world hub networks of logistics operations. There have been many approaches used to solve this problem. We herein focus on a quadratic programming approach, which has been proven very effective and efficient. This approach incorporates the use of the linearization for 0-1 quadratic program. In this chapter, we give a brief review of the linearization techniques for 0-1 quadratic programs and compare the performance of several existing linearization techniques for USApHMP. Toward the end, we discuss some properties, comments and possible developments of these linearization techniques in the real-life USApHMP.
The New Dual Approach

The Dual Approach for resection of the first rib was created because of the necessity to take advantage of the transaxillary route to reach the anterior portion of the rib while at the same time avoiding the multiple complications that can occur when trying to use that approach alone to reach the posterior end of the rib. It is, therefore, a combination of a transaxillary and a new posterior incision very different from the vertical incision proposed by Clagett and used by Urschel, and others. This new technique was first published in 1998 [1] and has been used for more than 25 years at the University of Minnesota for specific elective treatment of the neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome when no vascular repair needs to be undertaken in the subclavian artery. It is our standard operation for the uncomplicated neurogenic-arterial thoracic outlet syndrome.
The Perils of Economic Nationalism and a Proposed Pathway to Trade Harmony

In a sharp break from past policy, the United States has announced and is implementing a policy of economic nationalism in the name of political populism that seeks strict border controls over all forms of economic factors of production, products, services, investment, and people. The avowed purpose of this policy is to protect national security and to change the balance of trade to favor the United States This article argues that this policy of economic nationalism, on its face, is contrary to accepted rules, procedures and principles of international law and threatens irreparable harm to the multilateral system of trade and investment developed under American leadership since World War II. Moreover, because economic nationalism flies in the face of accepted economic principles and experience, it cannot attain its stated goals. International economic imbalances facing the United States can best be addressed by employing macroeconomic tools and using established multinational economic forums. Although the new United States’ policy of economic nationalism is directed at all U.S. trading partners, even against close allies such the European Union, Canada and Japan, a particular target of this policy is Chinese trade and investment. China’s emergence as a great economic power cannot be substantially impeded by U.S. unilateral actions. The rise of China can best be managed by (1) renewed emphasis on the existing rules of the multilateral trading system; (2) confronting China with new regional trade and investment rules agreed by the United States and its allies, principally the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement (T-TIP); (3) a new “Trump Round” of trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO); and (4) continued bilateral engagement.
Dynamic Phasor-based Stability Analysis of Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC Links with Offshore AC Networks

The paper proposes the stability analysis of an offshore wind power plant connected to an onshore AC grid through high voltage AC (HVAC) and multi-terminal high voltage DC (MTDC) transmission systems. Dynamic phasor (DP) technique is used to derive the small-signal model of the entire system and to analyze the system with sufficient accuracy and relatively lower computation cost. The DP modeling accounts for the voltage source converter (VSC) models, inner current controller, outer voltage controller, and droop controllers. The impact of the variation of the frequency droop gain, voltage droop gain and line inductance values on the system stability is studied by performing an eigenvalue analysis of the combined system. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink are used to validate the DP-based analysis of VSC-HVDC systems for offshore wind farm applications.
Sample Splitting and Weak Assumption Inference For Time Series

We consider the problem of inference after model selection under weak assumptions in the time series setting. Even when the data are not independent, we show that sample splitting remains asymptotically valid as long as the process satisfies appropriate weak dependence conditions and the functional of interest is suitably well-behaved. In addition, if the inference targets are appropriately defined, we demonstrate that valid statistical inference is possible without assuming stationarity. As a working example, we consider post-selection inference for regression coefficients under a random design assumption, in which the pair $(Y_i, X_i) \in \mathbb{R}^{p_n}$ is assumed to be an observation from a weakly dependent triangular array. We establish (asymptotic) sample splitting validity for regression coefficients under both $\beta$-mixing and $\tau$-dependence assumptions. To facilitate statistical inference in the non-stationary, weakly dependent regime, we extend a central limit theorem of Doukhan and Wintenberger (2007). To extend their result, we derive some properties of the variance of a normalized sum of a weakly dependent process. In particular, we show that, under very general conditions, the variance is often well-approximated by independent blocks. Using this result, we derive the validity of the block multiplier bootstrap under $\theta$-dependence and demonstrate the validity of an inference procedure that combines sample splitting with the bootstrap under weak assumptions.
When a clinical crisis strikes: Lessons learned from the reflective writings of nursing students.

AIM The following is a qualitative study of reflective journaling related to an unexpected crisis situation as it unfolded through the eyes of nursing students. BACKGROUND In September 2014, nursing students in clinical rotations at a Texas hospital were faced with the arrival of the first unplanned patient soon to be diagnosed with Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the United States. Reflective journaling was a technique used by nursing students to help process thoughts and feelings during this public health crisis. DESIGN The students' unedited experiences were captured through the technique of reflective journaling and written comments were analyzed using qualitative design with thematic analysis. RESULTS Three main themes were identified as an array of emotions, nursing as a calling, and personal protection. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates how reflective journaling can help reduce the stress of an unexpected clinical situation involving nursing students and encourages immediate coping strategies for those affected. With recent reports from Africa of patients newly diagnosed with EVD, being aware of how to facilitate the learning of nursing students in all clinical settings becomes essential.
Cinnamon and its Metabolite Protect the Nigrostriatum in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Via Astrocytic GDNF.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has potent neurotrophic effects and is known to promote the dopaminergic (DA) neuronal survival in cellular and animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, long-term ectopic GDNF delivery is associated with long lasting adverse side effects in PD patients. Therefore, finding safer and effective ways to elevate endogenous GDNF levels is an active area of research. This study underlines the importance of sodium benzoate (NaB), a metabolite of commonly-used spice cinnamon, a food-additive and an FDA-approved drug against hyperammonemia, in stimulating GDNF in primary mouse and human astrocytes. Presence of cAMP response element (CRE) in the Gdnf gene promoter, recruitment of CREB to the Gdnf promoter by NaB and abrogation of NaB-mediated GDNF expression by siRNA knockdown of CREB suggest that NaB induces the transcription of Gdnf via CREB. Finally, oral administration of NaB and cinnamon itself increased the level of GDNF in vivo in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of normal as well as MPTP-intoxicated mice. Accordingly, cinnamon and NaB treatment protected tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in the SNpc and fibers in the striatum, normalized striatal neurotransmitters, and improved locomotor activities in MPTP-intoxicated Gfapcre mice, but not GdnfΔastro mice lacking GDNF in astrocytes. These findings highlight the importance of astroglial GDNF in cinnamon- and NaB-mediated protection of the nigrostriatum in MPTP mouse model of PD and suggest possible therapeutic potential of cinnamon and NaB in PD patients.
One year follow-up of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) with archers, golfers, and runners.

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the long-term effects of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE), a program designed to improve athletic performance and psychological aspects of sport. One-year follow-up assessments were conducted on archers, golfers, and long-distance runners (N = 25) who attended Kaufman, Glass, and Arnkoff’s (2009) and De Petrillo, Kaufman, Glass, and Arnkoff’s (2009) MSPE workshops. Across the athlete groups, participants reported significant increases in the ability to act with awareness (an aspect of trait mindfulness) and overall trait mindfulness from pretest to follow-up, along with significant decreases in task-related worries and task-irrelevant thoughts (both aspects of cognitive interference during sport). The long-distance runners exhibited significant improvement in their mile times from pretest to follow-up, with significant correlations between change in runners’ performance and trait variables. Results suggest that MSPE is a promising interv...
Regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase subunit gene expression in retinal Müller cells by oxidative stress.

PURPOSE. To study regulation of g-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) heavy and light subunit gene expression in Muller cells under conditions of oxidative stress. METHODS. Experiments were carried out with an SV40 transformed cell line (rMC-1) that exhibits the phenotype of rat retinal Muller cells. Endogenous glutathione levels were modified by treating cells with diethyl maleate (DEM), D,L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), or tert-butylhydroquinone (TBH). In other experiments, cells were grown in either high (28 mM) or normal (5.5 mM) glucose medium for 1 week to examine the effects of hyperglycemia. Cells were processed for reduced glutathione (GSH) measurement, RNA extraction, cell count, and, in some cases, lactate dehydro- genase activity. The steady state mRNA levels of GCS heavy and light subunits were measured by northern blot analysis using specific cDNA probes. Changes in mRNA levels were normalized to b-actin or 18S rRNA. RESULTS. Treatment with DEM for 30 minutes depleted cell GSH to 20% to 30% of the normal value. GSH content recovered completely 6 hours after returning to normal medium. BSO treatment for 12 hours followed by a medium change for 6 hours resulted in a cell GSH level that was 26% that of untreated cells. If cells were left in BSO for 18 hours, however, GSH levels were reduced to ,1%. Treatment with TBH for 12 hours led to a 77% increase in cellular GSH level. Treatment with DEM, TBH, or BSO for 18 hours led to a significant induction of the mRNA level of the GCS subunits, regardless of glucose concentration in the medium. Shorter BSO treatment exerted no effect. Prolonged hyperglycemia resulted in 30% lower GSH level, 55% lower GCS heavy subunit, and 30% lower GCS light subunit mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS. Oxidative stress induced the gene expression of GCS heavy and light subunits in Muller cells. The effect of BSO on mRNA levels correlated with the degree of GSH depletion. Prolonged hyperglycemia lowered GCS subunit mRNA and GSH levels. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:1776 -1782)
Monitoring cropland abandonment with Landsat time series

Abstract Cropland abandonment is a widespread land-use change, but it is difficult to monitor with remote sensing because it is often spatially dispersed, easily confused with spectrally similar land-use classes such as grasslands and fallow fields, and because post-agricultural succession can take different forms in different biomes. Due to these difficulties, prior assessments of cropland abandonment have largely been limited in resolution, extent, or both. However, cropland abandonment has wide-reaching consequences for the environment, food production, and rural livelihoods, which is why new approaches to monitor long-term cropland abandonment in different biomes accurately are needed. Our goals were to 1) develop a new approach to map the extent and the timing of abandoned cropland using the entire Landsat time series, and 2) test this approach in 14 study regions across the globe that capture a wide range of environmental conditions as well as the three major causes of abandonment, i.e., social, economic, and environmental factors. Our approach was based on annual maps of active cropland and non-cropland areas using Landsat summary metrics for each year from 1987 to 2017. We streamlined per-pixel classifications by generating multi-year training data that can be used for annual classification. Based on the annual classifications, we analyzed land-use trajectories of each pixel in order to distinguish abandoned cropland, stable cropland, non-cropland, and fallow fields. In most study regions, our new approach separated abandoned cropland accurately from stable cropland and other classes. The classification accuracy for abandonment was highest in regions with industrialized agriculture (area-adjusted F1 score for Mato Grosso in Brazil: 0.8; Volgograd in Russia: 0.6), and drylands (e.g., Shaanxi in China, Nebraska in the U.S.: 0.5) where fields were large or spectrally distinct from non-cropland. Abandonment of subsistence agriculture with small field sizes (e.g., Nepal: 0.1) or highly variable climate (e.g., Sardinia in Italy: 0.2) was not accurately mapped. Cropland abandonment occurred in all study regions but was especially prominent in developing countries and formerly socialist states. In summary, we present here an approach for monitoring cropland abandonment with Landsat imagery, which can be applied across diverse biomes and may thereby improve the understanding of the drivers and consequences of this important land-use change process.
Academic Reputation Scores for Law Schools Continue Their Decline in 2015

This essay summarizes the results of the U.S. News & World Report rankings published in 2015 with respect to the academic reputation scores of law schools. In addition to analyzing the most recent results for the U.S. News rankings, the essay supplements the more extensive longitudinal study published by this author in 2013. The article also includes updated appendices from the prior study that catalog the U.S. News academic reputation scores for every law school between 1998 and 2015.
CelLEVITAS: Label-free rapid sorting and enrichment of live cells via magnetic levitation

Abstract Sorting methods that remove non-viable cells and debris, while retaining a high yield of viable cells, are crucial for many applications in biotechnology, genomics, tissue engineering and medicine. However, a significant challenge is gentle sorting of these different cell states based on very minute differences in density and magnetic signatures, without relying on any labels, tags or markers. Here, a new magnetic levitation-based technology, CelLEVITAS, is developed for the label-free sorting and enrichment of live cells. This work reports the first use of magnetic levitation for sorting of viable and non-viable cells within a microfluidic device and demonstrates extremely effective removal of dead cells and debris from heterogeneous samples. First, the levitation conditions for separating viable and non-viable cells under a magnetic field were fine-tuned. Levitation trajectories of live and dead cell states were then monitored in real-time, as cells magnetically focused to their corresponding levitation bands. CelLEVITAS successfully sorted and enriched live cells from a variety of input cell concentrations (100-200,000 cells/mL) and a variety of input purities (10-50%) into consistently high output purities (>80%). This method is sensitive, does not impair cell viability during sorting, and significantly increases the input sample viability up to 7-fold. Overall, this new magnetic levitation-based sorting strategy drastically reduces the processing time to a single-step, 30-minute sorting protocol and eliminates the manual pre-processing and labeling steps that are required for traditional flow cytometry techniques.
Vasospastic angina on coronary angiography.

A 47-year-old woman with no prior medical history presented to an outside facility with chest pain. She was transferred to our facility for a ST-elevation myocardial infarction after an initial ECG revealed ST-elevations in leads V2–V5. Her coronary angiography showed severe coronary vasospasm of
Genomic Characterization of Tissue Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex in a Hospital System with a Focus on Species Distribution and Hypervirulence

Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen known for multidrug resistance. Current research indicates that K. pneumoniae is a complex of closely related organisms (K. pneumoniae sensu stricto, K. quasipneumoniae, K. variicola, K. quasivariicola, and K. africana). Additionally, some strains of K. pneumoniae sensu stricto, known as hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), cause severe infections in healthy members of the community. There is a paucity of research into rates of hvKp in the United States, the distribution of K. pneumoniae complex members in clinical specimens, and the pathogenic potential of complex members other than K. pneumoniae sensu stricto. We assessed the rates of hvKp and K. pneumoniae complex members in our 886 bed tertiary care facility in Rochester, New York. We performed whole genome sequencing on all inpatient, sterile-source isolates identified by routine culture work-up as K. pneumoniae from October 2018 – October 2019 (n=35). We additionally sequenced all K. pneumoniae liver isolates available in our collection, spanning 2017-2019 (n=18). In the yearlong collection of K. pneumoniae complex isolates, we found that 92.4% were K. pneumoniae sensu stricto (n=32), 5.7% were K. quasipneumoniae (n=2), and 2.9% were K. variicola (n=1). Five hvKp isolates were found, representing 5.7% (n=2) of K. pneumoniae sensu stricto isolates in the yearlong collection and 27.7% (n=5) of the liver isolate collection. All hvKp isolates were from liver; 60% were not associated with prior international residence.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma

The primary mode of spread of basal cell carcinoma is by direct extension. From 1894 to June 1977, 119 cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma were reported in the world literature. We wish to report five additional cases. It is our feeling that the spread of these tumors is by the interstitial route. It is standard teaching that the interstitial embolic spread of cancer does not occur, but these five cases give strong supporting evidence to the previously reported suggestion that this route of spread may be common. The concept has considerable implications regarding treatment of most cancers.
Actual and Perceived Parental Knowledge and Child Delinquency: Does the Sex of the Parent, the Sex of the Child, and the Child’s Age Make a Difference?:

Parental knowledge was tested as a possible deterrent to future delinquency in 3914 (51% male) early to mid-adolescent school children from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Using thre...
The Electronic Structure of Crystalline Phases of Se and Te

A theoretical study of the electronic structure of crystalline phases of Se and Te is presented in four parts. The first part deals with a review of theoretical techniques and results in the study of trigonal Se and Te at zero hydrostatic pressure. Particular attention is focused on the nature of bonding, electronic charge densities and electronic densities of states.
Strategies for enhanced, MRI-guided targeting of stem cells to stroke lesions

The development of effective strategies for the treatment of stroke is one of the potential applications of stem cell therapy. Various transplantation methods, cell types, and animal models have been examined to investigate the potential benefits of stem cell therapy for stroke, with promising results. Improvements in the methodology of transplantation will lead to improved outcomes in animal models of stroke, which will translate to greater efficacy of stem cell therapies in clinical trials. Recent studies show a growing consensus that intra-arterial delivery of stem cells is well-suited for the treatment of stroke. The goal of intra-arterial delivery is to increase the efficiency of cell engraftment and specific targeting to areas of stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that not all neural and glial stem cells may have the requisite properties to sufficiently migrate from the blood into the brain parenchyma. Thus, methods to enhance the adhesive and migratory properties of cells via cell engineering, or the enrichment of cell types that endogenously express such molecules, are critical for improving intra-arterial transplantation. Intra-arterial delivery of engineered cells, combined with the use of noninvasive, real-time MRI, will provide a path forward for safe and effective stem cell therapy for stroke.
Alternative Theories of the Crime

To convict a defendant, a jury must unanimously find "proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged." But some facts can be found less unanimously than others. Murder, for example, is illegal regardless of when it occurs, who the victim is, or how it is accomplished. But can jurors disagree on crucial facts - whether the defendant murdered X on Tuesday or Y on Wednesday, whether the victim was strangled or run over by a bulldozer - and still convict the defendant of murder tout court? Or must even trivial disputes, such as whether the murderer held the gun in his left hand or his right, always invalidate a "patchwork verdict" of guilt?The Supreme Court's attempts to solve the problem in Schad and Richardson only convinced the Justices of the "impossibility of determining, as an a priori matter, whether a given combination of facts is consistent with there being only one offense." But it is a problem capable of solution, which this essay seeks to provide. The reason why courts and commentators have not yet produced a workable answer is that they have largely been asking the wrong question. What matters is not the scope of the criminal offense, as defined by the statute, but rather the nature of the factual beliefs held by the jurors and the evidence on which they relied. Like lesser-included-offense instructions, special unanimity instructions could be given when and only when the evidence merits them. Such a system would not only be theoretically coherent, but it would also be minimally disruptive to existing trial procedure.
Nanoelectronic materials and devices as new opportunity

Present and future perspectives of nanoelectronic materials and devices are discussed both in evolutionary and revolutionary "nano " electronics spaces. It is likely that the evolutionary progress in all front of silicon based CMOS will keep its pace despite a variety of technical challenges. The revolutionary nanoelectronics, such as nanowires and nanotubes, would propose unique values when engineering break-through for control of growth comes real.
Pilgrims Sailing the Titanic: Plausibility Effects on Memory for Misinformation

People rely on information they read even when it is inaccurate (Marsh, Meade, & Roediger, Journal of Memory and Language 49:519-536, 2003), but how ubiquitous is this phenomenon? In two experiments, we investigated whether this tendency to encode and rely on inaccuracies from text might be influenced by the plausibility of misinformation. In Experiment 1, we presented stories containing inaccurate plausible statements (e.g., "The Pilgrims' ship was the Godspeed"), inaccurate implausible statements (e.g., . . . the Titanic), or accurate statements (e.g., . . . the Mayflower). On a subsequent test of general knowledge, participants relied significantly less on implausible than on plausible inaccuracies from the texts but continued to rely on accurate information. In Experiment 2, we replicated these results with the addition of a think-aloud procedure to elicit information about readers' noticing and evaluative processes for plausible and implausible misinformation. Participants indicated more skepticism and less acceptance of implausible than of plausible inaccuracies. In contrast, they often failed to notice, completely ignored, and at times even explicitly accepted the misinformation provided by plausible lures. These results offer insight into the conditions under which reliance on inaccurate information occurs and suggest potential mechanisms that may underlie reported misinformation effects.
Discrepancies in anal manometric pressure measurement—important or inconsequential?

PURPOSE: Maximum resting and squeeze pressures have been the most widely employed parameters for manometric assessment of the anal sphincters. However, a single maximum value may not always be the best assessment. METHODS: The aim of this study was to compare mean and maximum resting and mean and maximum squeeze pressures in a large sample population. All manometric pressure profiles were reviewed by a single individual blinded to the patient's age and diagnosis. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-six patients with a measurable high-pressure zone were included in this study. The study population was comprised of 279 females and 186 males. A significant difference was found between mean (56.26 mmHg) and maximum (79.2 mmHg) resting pressures (P<0.01) and also between mean (81.25 mmHg) and maximum (119.50 mmHg) squeeze pressures (P<0.01). A significant difference (P<0.01) was also observed when compared by length of the high-pressure zone. CONCLUSION: The measurement, documentation, and reporting of mean resting and mean squeeze pressures provide a better perspective of anal manometric results, since the two sets of values are significantly different (P<0.01), regardless of the anal canal length. Therefore, these data support the standardized evaluation of both mean and maximum pressures in individual patients and in published series.
13C Chemical-shift tensors in an analogous series of heterosubstituted polycyclic aromatic compounds

The 13C principal values of the chemical-shift tensor for fluorene, carbazole, dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene were determined with the FIREMAT and PHORMAT experiments. Theoretical calculations (DFT) of the tensors were used as an aid to spectral assignment of the tensors, particularly in some positions in which the isotropic chemical shifts were accidentally degenerate. The principal values are discussed in terms of the effects of the heterosubstitutions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo hprt mutant frequencies in T-cells of normal human newborns.

Abstract Mutation at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus ( hprt ; HPRT enzyme) in the human fetus was studied by clonal assay of placental cord blood samples from full-term newborns. Conditions for determining hprt mutant frequencies, as defined for adults, were also optimal for studies in newborns. The mean mutant frequency for 45 normal human newborns (37 male, 8 female) was 0.64 × 10 −6 (SD = 0.41 × 10 −6 ; median value = 0.58 × 10 −6 ). These values are approx. 10-fold lower than corresponding adult hprt mutant frequency values. Factors such as limiting-dilution cloning efficiencies, delay prior to study of sample, sex, cryopreservation or technician performing the assay did not significantly affect assay results. Maternal smoking did not result in elevated mutant frequency values. Most wild-type and mutant clones studied were CD4 surface antigen positive (helper/inducer). All hprt mutants analyzed lacked HPRT activity.
Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Survival Canine Model

Abstract Introduction: With over 20 million repairs performed worldwide annually, inguinal hernias represent a significant source of disability and loss of productivity. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES™), as a potentially less invasive form of surgery may reduce postoperative disability and accelerate return to work. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and short-term effectiveness of transgastric inguinal herniorrhaphy using a biologic mesh in a survival canine model. Materials and Methods: Under general anesthesia with the animal in trendelenburg position, a gastrostomy was created. A 4 × 6 cm acellular dermal implant was deployed endoscopically across the myopectineal orifice, draped over the cord structures, and secured with Bioglue. Following completion of bilateral repairs the animals were survived for 14 days. At the end of the study period, the animals were euthanized and a necropsy performed. Cultures of a random site within the peritoneal cavity and at the ...
Network Mechanisms, Informational Efficiency, and Hierarchies☆☆☆

Abstract Our model of network mechanisms studies individually addressed messages between any two members of an organization. For a given organizational objective function, we examine communication costs, as measured by the number of message variables that agents need to exchange at equilibrium in order to achieve the desired action choices. For the class of objective functions we consider, price mechanisms are shown to minimize communication costs. If one requires the network to be hierarchical, the organization may be forced to use more message variables. We identify the increase in communication costs associated with alternative hierarchies.Journal of Economic Literatureclassification numbers: D20, D21, D87, L22, P41.
A lossless layered coding strategy for MIMO systems

This paper provides a simple solution to a long standing problem of applying long block codes to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) quasi-static or slowly time-varying fading channels, in which past coding strategy may suffer unnecessary outage if maximum likelihood decoding is too complex to be employed. The solution is to avoid outage by employing a layered coding strategy using a rateless code at a layer. An acknowledgment is sent from the receiver to the transmitter when the receiver has accumulated enough information to decode. In a transmission, a codeword may span one or a few fading blocks. However, the total long term transmission rate can approach the ergodic capacity, and therefore, is lossless compared to outage events in traditional coding strategy. The theoretical tool introduced is a generalization of Feinstein's lemma for channels with acknowledgement. It represents a departure from traditional Shannon channel capacity that characterizes the data rate of one transmission of a code word
A GEOMETRICAL APPROACH TO STRING FIELD THEORY

Abstract Starting from an extended version of reparametrization invariance, we construct a lagrangian density for the interacting open bosonic string. We expand the lagragian density in powers of the fields, and show that, the free part at least, is satisfactory.
Interdisciplinary education and health team training: a model for learning and service. 1979.

Although increasing emphasis is placed on the role of the interdisciplinary team in health care delivery, students enrolled in medicine, nursing, and the other health professions and occupations tr...
Poor People, Black Faces: The Portrayal of Poverty in Economics Textbooks

In this study, the author examines the portrayal of poverty in economics textbooks. The author tests the hypothesis that Blacks are disproportionately represented among the poor. In other words, she analyzes whether poverty is predicted as a “Black” problem. She found evidence that Black faces are overwhelmingly portrayed among the contemporary poor. She also demonstrates that Blacks are not portrayed among the Great Depression era poor, a particularly sympathetic group of poor people. In addition, Blacks are not used to illustrate a popular social welfare program—Social Security.
In silico analysis of the conservation of human toxicity and endocrine disruption targets in aquatic species.

Pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, both in the environment and in research settings, commonly interact with aquatic vertebrates. Due to their short life-cycles and the traits that can be generalized to other organisms, fish and amphibians are attractive models for the evaluation of toxicity caused by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and adverse drug reactions. EDCs, such as pharmaceuticals or plasticizers, alter the normal function of the endocrine system and pose a significant hazard to human health and the environment. The selection of suitable animal models for toxicity testing is often reliant on high sequence identity between the human proteins and their animal orthologs. Herein, we compare in silico the ligand-binding sites of 28 human “side-effect” targets to their corresponding orthologs in Danio rerio, Pimephales promelas, Takifugu rubripes, Xenopus laevis, and Xenopus tropicalis, as well as subpockets involved in protein interactions with specific chemicals. We found that the ligand-...
Deciphering Erectile Dysfunction Drug Trials

ABSTRACTPurpose: Erectile dysfunction affects more than 20 million men in the United States. Currently, there are at least 10 novel erectogenic agents in development. It is incumbent on clinicians and especially urologists to be facile in interpreting data from drug trials investigating such medications.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature addressing novel Food and Drug Administration approved erectogenic drugs was conducted using MEDLINE to highlight the key points in the analysis of data arising from these trials.Results: The major points for analysis include trial design, patient population studied, end points used and adverse event profile. The patients enrolled in erectile dysfunction drug trials should be representative of the general erectile dysfunction population. Assessment of the population includes defining baseline erectile dysfunction severity, co-morbidity profiles and concomitant medication use. Defining clinically meaningful end points is difficult. Several vali...
Trehalose assimilation and turnover inTorulopsis glabrata

Torulopsis glabrata cells have a specific mechanism for endogenous trehalose mobilization that is associated with the lag phase attending new growth. The degree of internal trehalose depletion depends upon the initial concentration of glucose in the medium. Exogenous trehalose was shown to be assimilated via extra-cytoplasmic hydrolysis prior to, transport of the generated glucose into the cytoplasm. The effect on internal trehalose depletion in this case was commensurate with slower presentation of free glucose and was not indicative of the initial concentration of exterrial glucose residues as trehalose. Kinetic parameters for glucose uptake wereKm=0.49 mM,Vmax=109 μmol/min/g dry weight; those for trehalose assimilation wereKm=2.5 mM,Vmax=17.4μmol/min/g dry weight.
Polar stratospheric clouds: A high latitude warming mechanism in an ancient greenhouse world

The presence of water vapor clouds in the stratosphere produces warming in excess of tropospheric greenhouse warming, via radiative warming in the lower stratosphere. The stratospheric clouds form only in regions of very low temperature and so the warming produced by the clouds is concentrated in polar winter regions. Results from a paleoclimate modeling study that includes idealized, prescribed polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) show that the clouds cause up to 20°C of warming at high latitude surfaces of the winter hemisphere, with greatest impact in oceanic regions where sea ice is reduced. The modeled temperature response suggests that PSCs may have been a significant climate forcing factor for past time intervals associated with high concentrations of atmospheric methane. The clouds and associated warming may help to explain long-standing discrepancies between model-produced paleotemperatures and geologic proxy temperature interpretations at high latitudes, a persistent problem in studies of ancient greenhouse climates.
Radio and microwave radiation and experimental atherosclerosis

The effect of radio and microwave radiation on dietary atherosclerosis of rabbits was tested. 16 New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to microwave (2.45 GHz) radiation at a power density of 20--30 mW/cm2 for 4 h a day, 5 days a week for 8 to 10 weeks. Irradiated animals had serum cholesterol concentrations, aortic wall cholesterol concentrations and percentage of intimal surface involved in atherosclerotic lesions which were not different from age and weight matched controls. Continuous radio frequency irradiation (1 MHz) for 8 to 11 weeks with a field strength of 30 V/cm also failed to change these indices of atherogenesis. We conclude that under the conditions of these experiments radio and microwave irradiation do not affect the course of diet induced atherogenesis.
Photography and Politics in America: From the New Deal into the Cold War

In the early and most intense years of the Cold War, social documentary photographers often found themselves in ideological turmoil or in trouble with the government. In this volume, Lili Corbus Bezner argues that many of the photographers of this period retreated from overt political content. Although many critics defended the trend, arguing that truly visionary art transcended politics, Bezner notes that the Cold War era effectively silenced some of the most socially engaged photographers in American society. Bezner aims to bring back many of those silenced voices and offers a detailed analysis of social documentary photography from the Depression through the early Cold War years. She traces the political and artistic struggles of socially concerned photographers in interviews with the artists, and explores the history of controversial, black-listed Photo League and member Sid Grossman. In addition she recalls some important moments in American photographic history of the 1950s, such as the blockbuster exhibition "The Family of Man" or Robert Frank's influential book "The Americans".
Inscribing Authority: Female Title Bearers in Jewish Inscriptions

This paper investigates representations of gender in the material culture of the ancient synagogue. The pertinent data are numerous dedicatory and funerary inscriptions linking individual Jews, men and women, with titles seemingly associated with leadership in Late Antique synagogues (ca. 200–600 CE). Bernadette Brooten’s influential 1982 monograph argued against the prevailing tendency to characterize these titles as indications of power, authority, and responsibility when associated with men but as meaningless flattery when applied to women. She suggests that synagogue titles denote power, authority and responsibility on all title bearers equally, both men and women. I question the continued utility of proffering female title-holders as enumerable examples of powerful women rescued from their forgotten place in history. Using theoretical insights developed by historians Elizabeth Clark and Gabrielle Spiegel, this paper will engage a comparative analysis with the work of Riet van Bremen and Saba Mahmood to develop new methods of conceptualizing women’s authority in early Jewish communities. I propose that viewing women’s synagogue titles as culturally constructed representations allows for a fruitful inquiry into how women’s titles were used by male-dominated synagogue communities in their self-articulation and public presentation of Judaism.
Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of isoquinoline alkaloids

The 13C nmr ehemieal shifts of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, salsolidine and laudanosine are reported. The various carbon resonances have been assigned on the basis of chemical shift theory, intensity of the signals, multiplicities generated in SFORD spectra and the comparison with model compounds.
Efficacy of two iodophor postmilking teat germicides against Streptococcus agalactiae.

Abstract Two iodophor teat germicides containing .1% and .5% titratable iodine were subjected to experimental challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae in a 131-cow research herd. Both germicides reduced the number of new infections with challenge organisms during a 5-wk study. The .1% iodophor reduced the new infection rate 60.7%, and the .5% iodophor reduced the new infection rate 61.5%. Teat skin irritation and other teat abnormalities were not observed.
The Tariff Debate of 1909 and the New Tariff Act

The "true principle," of equalizing cost of production, virtually new in 1908, 2. — Its fallaciousness, 2. — High wages and cost of production, 4. — Significance of the "true principle" as a concession to the demand for revision, 5. — Character of the debate of 1909, 7. — Crass protectionism, 9. — The Bill before the Ways and Means Committee, 11. — German comments pigeonholed, 13. — Action of the House, 15. — Situation in the Senate; log-rolling brings advances in duty, 16. — Conference Committee settles details, 18. — Duty on hides abolished, 19. — Duties on lumber and iron reduced, 21. — Iron and steel duties lowered, 24. — Shoes and leather, 25. — Advances on cotton goods, hosiery, silks, 27. — Economic characteristics of these industries, 31. — Insignificant changes on wool and woollens, 31, and on sugar, 33. — Sugar from the Philippines free, 34. — Advances on petty items, "jokers," 35. — Maximum and minimum provisions, 36. — Conclusion 38.
Assessment of bias in methodology for randomized controlled trials published on implant dentistry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published on implant dentistry over a 10-year period (1991 to 2000), based on the reporting of control of potential sources of bias in the design methodology. Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE search was conducted for RCTs using keywords dental implant and publication type randomized controlled trial. Three areas of trial methodology were assessed: (1) adequate reporting of randomization procedure, (2) blinding in assessment of outcomes, and (3) handling of subject withdrawals in data analysis. A score of 1 or 0 was assigned for each of the three potential sources of bias. Thus, the maximum quality score for an RCT is 3 and the minimum is 0. Results: Forty-three articles met criteria for classification as RCTs. Method of randomization was explicit in 51% of the RCTs, but only 12% incorporated blinding in the assessment of outcome. Ninety-eight percent accounted for all subjects at the end of the study. Looking at overall quality scores, only 2% of RCTs adequately reported on control of bias in the three areas examined, 56% were deficient in one area, and 42% were deficient in two areas. Conclusion: Reporting of randomization procedures and blinding in outcomes assessment for most implant RCTs was inadequate. Subject retention and documentation of subject withdrawals were adequately reported.