cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization routes to poly(vinyl ester) block copolymers

Cobalt-mediated radical polymerizations (CMRPs) utilizing redox initiation are demonstrated to produce poly(vinyl ester) homopolymers derived from vinyl pivalate (VPv) and vinyl benzoate (VBz), and their block copolymers with vinyl acetate (VAc). Combining anhydrous Co(acac)2, lauroyl peroxide, citric acid trisodium salt, and VPv at 30 °C results in controlled polymerizations that yield homopolymers with Mn = 2.5–27 kg/mol with Mw/Mn = 1.20–1.30. Homopolymerizations of scrupulously purified VBz proceed with lower levels of control as evidenced by broader polydispersities over a range of molecular weights (Mn = 4–16 kg/mol; Mw/Mn = 1.34–1.65), which may be interpreted in terms of the decreased nucleophilicity of these less electron donating propagating polymer chain ends. Based on these results, we demonstrate that sequential CMRP reactions present a viable route to microphase separated poly(vinyl ester) block copolymers as shown by small-angle X-ray scattering analyses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
A closer examination of atraumatic dressings for optimal healing

The concept that undisturbed wound healing, optimised by dressing choice, improves wound outcomes has become a focal point of consideration when evaluating wound management regimens in recent years. However, little evidence exists related to wound contact layers and the potential detrimental effects of the intimate contact with the wound bed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of atraumatic wound contact dressings on the healing of partial-thickness wounds in comparison to untreated air-exposed wounds. Using an in vivo porcine wound model the handling properties of each dressing in terms of adhesion were analysed. Methods of wound characterisation included histological analysis of granulation tissue formation and epithelialisation and this was correlated with various clinical observations. Differences were found between dressings in terms of adherence to the wound bed and surrounding skin, capacity to retain wound exudates and enhancement of healing.
Integrated anti-remodeling and anabolic therapy for the osteoporosis of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome.

Hajdu–Cheney syndrome (MIM 102500) is a rare skeletal dysplasia marked by severe generalized osteoporosis and focal bone loss (acro-osteolysis). Osteoporosis treatment outcome has been reported only once previously. Reported herein is the biochemical and densitometric response to integrated anti-remodeling and anabolic therapy in a woman with Hajdu–Cheney syndrome. Results suggest dissociation of bone formation from bone resorption resulting in dramatic increases in bone mineral density without clinical evidence of activated osteoporosis.
Hemorrhagic complications associated with dabigatran use

Objective. Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor approved for anticoagulation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation and, in some countries, for thromboembolism prophylaxis following select orthopedic surgeries. Despite decreased rates of thromboembolism, bleeding remains a risk due to the inability to conveniently monitor anticoagulant effect and the lack of a reversal agent. Case series. We present four cases of dabigatran-related bleeding. A 79-year-old man on aspirin, clopidogrel, and dabigatran presented with rectal bleeding and epistaxis. He died despite transfusion and administration of prothrombin complex concentrate. A 73-year-old woman on dabigatran and aspirin survived after transfusion and an emergent sternotomy for cardiac tamponade. An 86 year-old man with kidney disease and thrombocytopenia received packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma for rectal bleeding while on dabigatran. An 80 year-old man on dabigatran had a subdural hematoma after falling and hitting his head. ...
An observational and numerical study of a regional‐scale downslope flow in northern Arizona

[1] Boundary layer observations taken during the METCRAX field study in October of 2006 near Winslow in Northern Arizona revealed the frequent presence of a near-surface wind maximum on nights with relatively quiescent synoptic conditions. Data from a sodar, a radar wind profiler, several surface stations, and frequent high-resolution rawinsonde soundings were used to characterize this boundary layer wind phenomenon and its relation to synoptic conditions and the ambient environment. The data analyses are augmented by high-resolution mesoscale numerical modeling. It is found that the observed nocturnal low-level wind maximum is part of a regional-scale downslope flow converging from high terrain of the Colorado Plateau toward the Little Colorado River Valley. The depth of this downslope flow is between 100 and 250 m with a peak speed of 4–6 m s−1occurring usually within the lowest 50 m above ground. Opposing ambient winds lead to a longer evening transition period, shallower slope flows, and a smaller horizontal extent as compared to supporting synoptic winds. A simple analytical solution based on local equilibrium appears to agree fairly well with the observed layer mean downslope wind speed, but the classic Prandtl solution for maximum downslope wind speed fails to match the observations. The properties of the flow appear to be insensitive to changes in soil moisture, land cover, and surface roughness length. The contribution to the low-level wind maximum by inertial oscillation at night is found to be insignificant.
Annotated Checklist of the Diplura (Hexapoda: Entognatha) of California

The first checklist of California dipluran taxa is presented with annotations. New state and county records are reported, as well as new taxa in the process of being described. California has a remarkable dipluran fauna with about 8% of global richness. California hosts 63 species in 5 families, with 51 of those species endemic to the State, and half of these endemics limited to single locales. The genera Nanojapyx, Hecajapyx, and Holjapyx are all primarily restricted to California. Two species are understood to be exotic, and six dubious taxa are removed from the State checklist. Counties in the central Coastal Ranges have the highest diversity of diplurans; this may indicate sampling bias. Caves and mines harbor unique and endemic dipluran species, and subterranean habitats should be better inventoried. Only four California taxa exhibit obvious troglomorphy and may be true cave obligates. In general, the North American dipluran fauna is still under-inventoried. Since many taxa are morphologically uniform but genetically diverse, genetic analyses should be incorporated into future taxonomic descriptions. Natural Heritage Program conservation status ranks were recommended.
The Influence of Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status on End-of-Life Care in the ICU

Background There is conflicting evidence about the influence of race/ethnicity on the use of intensive care at the end of life, and little is known about the influence of socioeconomic status. Methods We examined patients who died in the ICU in 15 hospitals. Race/ethnicity was assessed as white and nonwhite. Socioeconomic status included patient education, health insurance, and income by zip code. To explore differences in end-of-life care, we examined the use of (1) advance directives, (2) life-sustaining therapies, (3) symptom management, (4) communication, and (5) support services. Results Medical charts were abstracted for 3,138/3,400 patients of whom 2,479 (79%) were white and 659 (21%) were nonwhite (or Hispanic). In logistic regressions adjusted for patient demographics, socioeconomic factors, and site, nonwhite patients were less likely to have living wills (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.32-0.54) and more likely to die with full support (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.30-1.94). In documentation of family conferences, nonwhite patients were more likely to have documentation that prognosis was discussed (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.77) and that physicians recommended withdrawal of life support (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11-2.21). Nonwhite patients also were more likely to have discord documented among family members or with clinicians (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04-2.15). Socioeconomic status did not modify these associations and was not a consistent predictor of end-of-life care. Conclusions We found numerous racial/ethnic differences in end-of-life care in the ICU that were not influenced by socioeconomic status. These differences could be due to treatment preferences, disparities, or both. Improving ICU end-of-life care for all patients and families will require a better understanding of these issues. Trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00685893; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
Effects of porosity and clay content on wave velocities in sandstones

The ultrasonic compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) velocities and first‐arrival peak amplitude (Ap) were measured as functions of differential pressure to 50 MPa and to a state of saturation on 75 different sandstone samples, with porosities ϕ ranging from 2 to 30 percent and volume clay content C ranging from 0 to 50 percent, respectively. Both Vp and Vs were found to correlate linearly with porosity and clay content in shaly sandstones. At confining pressure of 40 MPa and pore pressure of 1.0 MPa, the best least‐squares fits to the velocity data are Vp(km/s)=5.59-6.93ϕ-2.18C and Vs(km/s)=3.52-4.91ϕ-1.89C. Deviations from these equations are less than 3 percent and 5 percent for Vp and Vs, respectively. The velocities of clean sandstones are significantly higher than those predicted by the above linear fits (about 7 percent for Vp and 11 percent for Vs), which indicates that a very small amount of clay (1 or a few percent of volume fraction) significantly reduces the elastic moduli of sandstones. For shaly...
Estrogen action in the mouse uterus: adrenal modulation of receptor levels.

Adrenal regulation of estradiol receptor levels was demonstrated in the ovariectomized mouse uterus. After ovariectomy, cytosol receptor levels initially followed a cyclic pattern, with a periodicity of approximately 5 days and a range of 2.25–4.80 × 10-13 mol estrogen receptor/100 μg DNA. Nuclear receptor levels showed marked fluctuations initially, but stabilized after day 15 at approximately 0.5 × 10-13 mol/100 μg DNA. Microsomal receptor levels also changed with time, but at a lower level than the cytosol and nuclear fluctuations. Concurrent cyclic changes in uterine or vaginal histology were not observed. After simultaneous ovariectomy and adrenalectomy, cytosol estradiol receptor levels remained low (≤1.5 × 10-13 mol/100 μg DNA) from 5–24 days, with no fluctuations. Nuclear and microsomal receptor levels changed, but to a smaller extent than those in ovariectomized mice. Concurrent histological changes were not observed. The residual cytosolic estrogen receptor remaining in the ovariectomized-adrena...
Behavioral therapies for treatment-seeking cannabis users: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Narrative reviews conclude that behavioral therapies (BTs) produce better outcomes than control conditions for cannabis use disorders (CUDs). However, the strength and consistency of this effect has not been directly empirically examined. The present meta-analysis combined multiple well-controlled studies to help clarify the overall impact of behavioral interventions in the treatment of CUDs. A comprehensive literature search produced 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; n = 2,027) that were included in the final analyses. Analyses indicated an effect of BTs (including contingency management, relapse prevention, and motivational interviewing, and combinations of these strategies with cognitive behavioral therapy) over control conditions (including waitlist [WL], psychological placebo, and treatment as usual) across pooled outcomes and time points (Hedges’ g = 0.44). These results suggest that the average patient receiving a behavioral intervention fared better than 66% of those in the control conditions. BT also outperformed control conditions when examining primary outcomes alone (frequency and severity of use) and secondary outcomes alone (psychosocial functioning). Effect sizes were not moderated by inclusion of a diagnosis (RCTs including treatment-seeking cannabis users who were not assessed for abuse or dependence vs. RCTs including individuals diagnosed as dependent), dose (number of treatment sessions), treatment format (either group vs. individual treatment or in-person vs. non-in-person treatment), sample size, or publication year. Effect sizes were significantly larger for studies that included a WL control comparison versus those including active control comparisons, such that BT significantly outperformed WL controls but not active control comparisons.
Intervention of cardiomyocyte death based on the impedance-sensing technique of monitoring cell adhesion

Cardiomyocyte death is a critical risk factor in a variety of cardiovascular diseases [1, 2]. At the level of individual cardiomyocytes, cell adhesion alters at the early phase of ongoing death. It suggested the possibility of detecting the early sign of cell death through cell detachment and so that we could intervene in the cell response before cell fell into step with the irreversible death processes. In this work, we demonstrated the application of our impedance-sensing technique [3] in the intervention of cell responses to chemical stimuli. The results showed that the cell detachment could be detected with our impedance-sensing technique earlier than conventional biochemical staining techniques, and it could be used to guide the precautionary removal of TNF-α from the cell culture to intervene in the cell responses and prevent cardiomyocytes from cell death.
Factors Affecting Six Sigma Project Selection In The Information Systems/Information Technology Arena

The success of Six Sigma organization-wide requires that projects be resolved in a successful fashion and that the organization realize the benefits that these projects are supposed to deliver. The success of information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) projects depends on these projects being developed in such a way that they are deployed error free. The two development methods are different and the result is that many IS/IT personnel do not see where or how Six Sigma can be applied to their area. In this paper, we discuss factors that are unique to the IS/IT environment that need to be considered when selecting Six Sigma IS/IT projects so that both sets of objectives can be successfully realized.
Serine/threonine phosphatase 2B regulates protein kinase C-α activity and endothelial barrier function

impairment of endothelial barrier function and the development of tissue edema are serious conditions underlying acute inflammatory diseases of the lung. The loss of barrier integrity in response to edemagenic agents such as thrombin results from a repertoire of signaling events that lead to cell
Peformance of Commercial Feedlots, Cattle, and Employees, 1980 to 19941

Fifteen years (1980 to 1994) of data from the Texas Panhandle trade area of the commercial cattle feeding industry, representing an average of 756,000 head of cattle on-feed from 28 feedlots per month, was used to document performance of cattle and feedlots and establish employee characteristics. Cattle were fed for an average of 155 d with an ADG of 2.76 lb and a feed DM:gain ratio of 6.99. Death loss averaged 1.54% with a medical cost of $6.52 per head. Feedlot utilization averaged 75%, requiring $5,208 per 1000 head of cattle per month to operate, with 36.5% of operating expenses represented as fulltime labor expense. These feedlots required 1.3 employees per 1000 head of cattle per month and milled 330 tons of feed per 1000 head of cattle per month, or 22 lb of feed DM fed per head per day with an average cost of $0.10/mcal of NEg. Year × sex of cattle and year × season interactions (P< 0.03) were major factors influencing cattle performance.
Damage to Young Citrus Trees by the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Surveys of 2,384 ha of young citrus groves in Florida in 1982 showed that red imported fire ants, Solenopsis inuicta Buren, were abundant (x⁻ = 366.8 nests per hal. The ants built their mounds around or near the base of young citrus trees 1-4 yr old and fed on the bark and cambium to obtain sap, often girdling and killing the tree. In the spring, they also chewed off new growth at the tips of branches and fed on flowers or developing fruit. In central Florida, survival of citrus trees increased when the number of ants was reduced and maintained at low levels with insecticidal bait. Tree mortality was 5.5-6.6 times higher in the untreated than in the treated sections of grove. Replacement costs for dead trees were $214.65-$843.11 higher in untreated than in treated 1.0-ha test plots.
The development of rubrospinal, cerebellorubral, and corticorubral connections in the North American opossum. Evidence for asynchronism.

We have employed axonal transport and degeneration techniques to study the development of major rubral connections in the North American opossum. Opposums were chosen for study because they are born. 12 d after conception and have a protracted postnatal development. Our results suggest that: (1) The red nucleus innervates the spinal cord early in development, well before the somatic motor-sensory cortex (Cabana and Martin, 1984); (2) the red nucleus projects to the spinal cord before it receives substantial projections from the cerebellum or cerebral cortex; and (3) projections from the cerebellum reach the red nucleus significantly earlier than those from the cerebral cortex.
Analysis on HBsAg and ALT Examination Results of Employees in Service Industries in Shunyi District of Beijing City in 2008

[Objective]To understand the abnormality of HBsAg and ALT among employees of service industries in Shunyi District of Beijing City,and provide guidance for health supervision.[Methods]The abnormal status of HBsAg and ALT of 35 367 service industries employees' health examination data was analyzed by SPSS 13.0 in 2008.[Results] The positive rate of HBsAg was 1.79%.ALT abnormal rate was 0.87%.HBsAg positive rate and ALT abnormal rate of male(2.38%,1.61% respectively)were both higher than those of female(1.45%,0.44% respectively),the differences were significant(both P0.01).[Conclusion]Though the HBsAg positive rate was low among employees of service industries in this district,it is necessary to further strengthen the Health monitoring and disease detection.
Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wuhan in 2008-2011

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Wuhan from 2008 to 2011,and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of HFMD reported during this period in Wuhan city.Results A total of 40 482 HFMD cases were reported with the average annual incidence of 117.91 per 100 000 population.The incidence of severe cases was 0.02% and the average annual mortality was 0.01/ 100 000.The highest average annual morbidity(169.82/100 000)was reported in Dongxihu district and the lowest(44.19)in Hannan district.There was statistically difference of incidence among districts(P0.01).The average annual morbidity rate of male was 145.68,which was higher than that of female(88.43 per 100 000 population)(P0.001).The incidence was the highest among children aged 0-4,accounting for over 50% of all cases each year(P0.01).Conclusions It is clear that HFMD occurs with preference of age,season,gender and region.Younger age and male children are more vulnerable to suffer from HFMD and more likely to develop severe cases and die from EV71 infection.
Juvenile Chinook Salmon abundance in the northern Bering Sea: Implications for future returns and fisheries in the Yukon River

Abstract Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance in the northern Bering Sea is used to provide insight into future returns and fisheries in the Yukon River. The status of Yukon River Chinook Salmon is of concern due to recent production declines and subsequent closures of commercial, sport, and personal use fisheries, and severe restrictions on subsistence fisheries in the Yukon River. Surface trawl catch data, mixed layer depth adjustments, and genetic stock mixtures are used to estimate juvenile abundance for the Canadian-origin stock group from the Yukon River. Abundance ranged from a low of 0.62 million in 2012 to a high of 2.58 million in 2013 with an overall average of 1.5 million from 2003 to 2015. Although abundance estimates indicate that average survival is relatively low (average of 5.2%), juvenile abundance was significantly correlated (r=0.87, p=0.005) with adult returns, indicating that much of the variability in survival occurs during early life-history stages (freshwater and initial marine). Juvenile abundance in the northern Bering Sea has increased since 2013 due to an increase in early life-history survival (average juveniles-per-spawner increased from 29 to 59). The increase in juvenile abundance is projected to produce larger runs and increased subsistence fishing opportunities for Chinook Salmon in the Yukon River as early as 2016.
The Aims of Education

PEOPLE WANT TO BE HAPPY and, since this desire is well-nigh universal, we would expect to find happiness included as an aim of education. Its failure to appear among the aims usually stated might be a sign that Western society is still mired in a form of Puritanism or, more generously, it may be generally believed that, as Orwell said, happiness cannot be achieved by aiming at it directly. If the latter is so, what should we aim at that might promote happiness?
An overview of contest on semantic description of human activities (SDHA) 2010

This paper summarizes results of the 1st Contest on Semantic Description of Human Activities (SDHA), in conjunction with ICPR 2010. SDHA 2010 consists of three types of challenges, High-level Human Interaction Recognition Challenge, Aerial View Activity Classification Challenge, and Wide-Area Activity Search and Recognition Challenge. The challenges are designed to encourage participants to test existing methodologies and develop new approaches for complex human activity recognition scenarios in realistic environments. We introduce three new public datasets through these challenges, and discuss results of the stateof-the-art activity recognition systems designed and implemented by the contestants. A methodology using a spatio-temporal voting [19] successfully classified segmented videos in the UT-Interaction datasets, but had a difficulty correctly localizing activities from continuous videos. Both the method using local features [10] and the HMM based method [18] recognized actions from low-resolution videos (i.e. UT-Tower dataset) successfully. We compare their results in this paper.
Banks as Utilities

Banks are creatures of the market and creatures of the state. The call to reconceive banks as public utilities requires a critical redefinition, both of banks and of public utilities. Part of that redefinition must include naming the values and ends that bank regulation ought to serve. The neoclassical economists’ understanding of utility regulation is founded on the value of efficiency, and the theory of price competition and natural monopolies. In some industries, economies of scale and large capital costs result more or less inevitably in monopoly, and thus competition cannot be relied on to achieve fair and efficient pricing. The neoclassical model of bank regulation does not regard banks as utilities. Systemic risk, information problems, and the moral hazard produced by public insurance are the market failures that justify bank regulation, with the primary goal being safety and soundness. Utility regulation, going back to its Progressive Era and earlier origins, values the need for continuous and universal supply of essential infrastructure to all consumers and businesses without discrimination and at reasonable prices, and to constrain the political power of oligopoly trusts and corporations. This paper will describe a progressive utility regulation model for banking as an alternative to oligopoly with limited prudential and consumer protection regulation, the current path. I will consider the problems with the progressive model of banks as utilities, including regulatory capture. Banks as utilities, broadly conceived, should be publicly governed, to provide reliable and universal payments, savings and credit services at social prices, and to reduce inequality of economic opportunity.
Integrated pretreatment and desalination by electrocoagulation (EC)–ion concentration polarization (ICP) hybrid

Conventional water treatment process is composed of multiple stages, including desalination (salt removal) and pre/post-treatment of desalination to remove particles, chemicals, and other potential foulants for desalination. In this work, we developed a microfluidic proof-of-concept for a single device water treatment system, which removes both salt ions and non-salt contaminants. Our system combines electrocoagulation (EC), a versatile contaminant removal process, and ion concentration polarization (ICP) desalination, which is an electromembrane desalination process. We demonstrated a continuous EC–ICP operation that removed >95% of suspended solids and reduced the salinity from brackish range (20 mM NaCl) to a potable level (<8.6 mM NaCl). We also demonstrated that our system is flexible in terms of the type and concentration of contaminants it can handle. Combining two different electrochemical processes into a single system, we can reduce unnecessary voltage drop by having a shared anode, and achieve both seamless integration and energy efficient operation. Our system will find applications as a small-scale water treatment system, if properly scaled up in the future.
A Gross Motor Rhythm Test

(1953). A Gross Motor Rhythm Test. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 253-260.
Nagarjuna’s no-thesis view revisited: the significance of classical Indian debate culture on verse 29 of the Vigrahavyāvartanī

ABSTRACTThe aim of this essay is to clarify Nāgārjuna’s use of the term pratijnā (thesis) in verse 29 of the Vigrahavyāvartanī (VV) as situated in its contemporaneous thriving debate culture. In contrast to the standard formulation, which interprets the term pratijnā as a reference to the thesis of śūnyatā (emptiness) proffered by Nāgārjuna in the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, an examination of the debate culture in, and leading up to, second-century CE India shows that the term pratijnā refers to the first of five steps within the Nyaya five-membered syllogism as it functions within a vitaṇḍā form of debate. Through an examination of the context in which this verse was written, the association made between Nāgārjuna’s use of pratijnā in the VV and śūnyatā within other texts becomes dislodged, thereby demonstrating the inadequacy of the standard formulation and the need for a revised understanding of the intent of the VV.
Massive transfusion practice in non-trauma related hemorrhagic shock.

Abstract Purpose Evidence suggests that trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock requiring massive transfusion have improved outcomes if resuscitated with a prescribed massive transfusion protocol (MTP). However, there is limited data regarding the efficacy of MTP in non-trauma patients. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of all patients who received a massive transfusion protocol for non-traumatic hemorrhagic shock over a four-year period. The primary outcome was in-patient hospital survival. We dichotomized recipients of MTP into survivors versus non-survivors, comparing outcomes of interest within the categories by nonparametric testing. Summary statistics expressed as median (interquartile range). Results Fifty-nine patients were reviewed, with the median age of 59.0 (35.0–71.0) years old. Thirty-three (56%) patients survived. Survivors were younger, 57.0 (30.0–67.0) versus 64.0 (53.5–71.5) years old ( p = 0.047), and had lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (6.0 (3.0–8.0) versus11.5 (9.5–13.0); p = 0.008). Patients on the medical service receiving MTP had an increased risk of mortality (odds ratio 4.26; p = 0.02). Conclusion Over half of the patients receiving massive transfusion protocols for their non-trauma related hemorrhagic shock survived. Survivors were younger, were less acutely ill, and on non-medical services. Further research is needed to investigate best practice for transfusion in non-trauma related hemorrhagic shock.
Resilience of small- and medium-sized enterprises as a correlation to community impact: an agent-based modeling approach

Access to government funding is one of the most effective ways to enhance the resilience for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) community after a disaster. Along these lines, a major focus of SME resiliency research has been on examining factors needed to keep an SME open after a disaster. This makes sense as SMEs are critical to community recovery. It seems logical that the severity of a disaster would indicate the impact to a community. Using a systems thinking methodology, we developed a hypothesis that this correlation of severity to impact breaks down over time, causing the community to quickly spiral into trouble. This paper presents an agent-based model to test our hypothesis. The results indicate the impact to a community becomes much more extreme after a threshold or “tipping point” is crossed.
OR49 Effect of everolimus immunotherapy on HLA-antibody mediated activation of endothelial cells in heart transplantation

Aim Donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) have been implicated in the process of acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) through their capacity to activate and injure the capillary endothelium of vascularized allografts. Ligation of HLA molecules on endothelial cells (EC) with HLA alloantibodies stimulates phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein (pS6RP) via the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). We hypothesize that expression of pS6RP in the capillary endothelium of allografts is a useful biomarker of rejection and can be used to assess the clinical efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. Methods 188 heart transplant patients from Novartis sponsored 2310 clinical multicenter trial were included in this study. Among them, 118 recipients were treated with reduced cyclosporine (CsA), everolimus (1.5 or 3.0 mg/day) and steroids; 70 were treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 3 g/day), standard CsA and steroids. AMR and acute cellular rejection (ACR) were diagnosed according to ISHLT criteria. Capillary endothelial staining of pS6RP was scored as 0–4 on endomycardial biopsies by immunohistochemistry. DSA was measured using single antigen luminex beads. Result 44.3% patients in MMF group and 37.6% patients in everolimus group developed DSA, predominantly against HLA class II (p = 0.29, Fisher’s exact test). DSA producers demonstrated significantly higher pS6RP score (1.04 ± 0.07 vs 0.73 ± 0.05, p ⩾ 2R and pAMR, 39.5% vs 25.2%, p = 0.05) compared to patients without DSA. Everolimus treatment attenuated pS6RP (everolimus: 0.65 ± 0.06 vs MMF: 0.97 ± 0.07, p Conclusions Everolimus therapy reduces HLA DSA-induced EC activation/injury in heart transplants via blocking mTOR signaling and lowers the incidence of rejection and transplant vasculopathy.
Incidental Exposure, Selective Exposure, and Political Information Sharing: Integrating Online Exposure Patterns and Expression on Social Media

Political information sharing in social media offers citizens opportunities to engage with news and express their political views, but how do different patterns of online political information exposure, including both incidental and selective exposure, affect sharing? Using two-wave panel survey data collected in the United States, we examine the relationship between incidental and selective exposure and their consequent links to political information sharing, across different levels of strength of political party affiliation. Our results demonstrate that incidental exposure to counter-attitudinal information drives stronger partisans to more actively seek out like-minded political content, which subsequently encourages political information sharing on social media. The results highlight the need to consider both types of political information exposure when modeling citizens' political behavior online.
Anticoagulation Beyond 3 to 6 Months: What Does the Data Tell Us?

Patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are at risk for a recurrent event. This is particularly true of patients with idiopathic events or events related to low risk triggers. In these patients extending anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6months may be warranted. Using clinical risk, biomarker analysis and risk stratification protocols we can make the best recommendations to patients with respect to the risks and benefits of ongoing therapy. Trials demonstrating benefit from low-dose aspirin for secondary prophylaxis may provide an option for patients in whom ongoing anticoagulation is deemed unsafe. In addition, recent introduction of the direct oral anticoagulants have expanded options for secondary prophylaxis for preventing venous thromboembolism recurrence.
Thyroid Gland Invasion in Laryngeal Carcinoma

Objective: To determine the prevalence of, and describe transglottic cancer with thyroid cartilage invasion as a possible risk for, thyroid gland invasion in a series of patients with laryngeal carcinoma who underwent total laryngectomy with thyroidectomy. Methods Study Design: Retrospective case series Setting: Tertiary government hospital Subjects: 61 laryngeal carcinoma patients who underwent total laryngectomy with hemi- or total thyroidectomy from January 2010 to August 2017. Results Out of 61 patients with laryngeal carcinoma, 11 patients had supraglottic, 11 glottic, 2 subglottic and 37 had transglottic involvement. Eleven had thyroid cartilage invasion, all of whom had transglottic tumors. Of these 11 patients, only 1 had thyroid gland invasion. This was a case of a 78 year-old male patient, with poorly differentiated SCC stage IVa transglottic tumor with thyroid cartilage invasion. Conclusion Thyroid gland invasion was uncommon in our sample of laryngeal carcinoma patients who underwent laryngectomy and thyroidectomy. Although transglottic involvement with thyroid cartilage invasion may increase the risk of thyroid gland invasion, it could not be confirmed by our series. Perhaps thyroidectomy should not be routinely performed on all patients with laryngeal carcinoma who undergo total laryngectomy, but more rigorous studies are needed to establish this. Keywords: laryngeal carcinoma, transglottic, thyroid cartilage invasion, thyroid gland invasion, thyroidectomy
A prognostic scoring model for survival after locoregional therapy in de novo stage IV breast cancer

The role of locoregional treatment (LRT) remains controversial in de novo stage IV breast cancer (BC). We sought to analyze the role of LRT and prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) in de novo stage IV BC patients treated with LRT utilizing the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). The objective of the current study is to create and internally validate a prognostic scoring model to predict the long-term OS for de novo stage IV BC patients treated with LRT. We included de novo stage IV BC patients reported to NCDB between 2004 and 2015. Patients were divided into LRT and no-LRT subsets. We randomized LRT subset to training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, a seventeen-point prognostic scoring system was developed based on the hazard ratios calculated using Cox-proportional method. We stratified both training and validation cohorts into two “groups” [group 1 (0–7 points) and group 2 (7–17 points)]. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare OS between the two groups. Our prognostic score was validated internally by comparing the OS between the respective groups in both the training and validation cohorts. Among 67,978 patients, LRT subset (21,200) had better median OS as compared to that of no-LRT (45 vs. 24 months; p < 0.0001). The group 1 and group 2 in the training cohort showed a significant difference in the 3-year OS (p < 0.0001) (68 vs. 26%). On internal validation, comparable OS was seen between the respective groups in each cohort (p = 0.77). Our prognostic scoring system will help oncologists to predict the prognosis in de novo stage IV BC patients treated with LRT. Although firm treatment-related conclusions cannot be made due to the retrospective nature of the study, LRT appears to be associated with a better OS in specific subgroups.
Békésy, Georg von

Hungarian-born biophysicist and physiologist Georg (Gyorgy) von Bekesy (1899–1972), experimentally studied how sound is analyzed and communicated in the cochlea, and extended research begun in the nineteenth century in psychoacoustics by German physiologist and physicist Hermann von Helmholtz and in sensory inhibition by Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. Bekesy developed the modern place theory of hearing to explain how the cochlea functions as a frequency analyzer, work that overthrew Helmholtz's earlier resonance theory. Bekesy's theory was based on his discovery that sound vibrations travel along the basilar membrane in waves, peaking at different places, where nerve receptors determine pitch and loudness. For his “discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea,” Bekesy was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – the first physicist to receive the Nobel Prize in this category.
Interval Modeling and Robust Feedback Control of Piezoelectric-Based Microactuators

This chapter presents the modeling and the control of piezoelectric-based microactuators. Typified by uncertainties of models, we propose to use intervals to bound the uncertain parameters. These uncertainties are particularly due to the difficulties to perform precise identification and to the high sensivity of the systems at the micro/nanoscale. In order to account the models uncertainties, we propose therefore to combine interval tools and classical control theory to derive robust controllers. Experimental results confirm the predicted theory and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Structural instability and dynamic emission fluctuations in zinc oxide random lasers

We report experimental results on the structural stability of optically pumped zinc oxide random lasers. We find that the lasing threshold is not entirely stable and depends on the accumulated light exposure received in pulsed optical pumping. We show that exposure levels below ∼1.5 kJ/cm2 improve the lasing efficiency and lower the lasing threshold. Beyond that value, however, lasing efficiency and threshold begin to degrade. Electron microscopy shows that the degradation is accompanied by morphological changes characteristic of melting. These changes become visible at an exposure of ∼0.7 kJ/cm2. We suggest that the melting is initially localized within nanometer areas and that the initial improvement is due to defect annealing. For exposures larger than 1.5 kJ/cm2, the melting zones connect, leading to deterioration. The findings apply to coherent and incoherent lasing. If stable output from ZnO random lasers is desired, lower lasing thresholds or higher damage thresholds are needed.We report experimental results on the structural stability of optically pumped zinc oxide random lasers. We find that the lasing threshold is not entirely stable and depends on the accumulated light exposure received in pulsed optical pumping. We show that exposure levels below ∼1.5 kJ/cm2 improve the lasing efficiency and lower the lasing threshold. Beyond that value, however, lasing efficiency and threshold begin to degrade. Electron microscopy shows that the degradation is accompanied by morphological changes characteristic of melting. These changes become visible at an exposure of ∼0.7 kJ/cm2. We suggest that the melting is initially localized within nanometer areas and that the initial improvement is due to defect annealing. For exposures larger than 1.5 kJ/cm2, the melting zones connect, leading to deterioration. The findings apply to coherent and incoherent lasing. If stable output from ZnO random lasers is desired, lower lasing thresholds or higher damage thresholds are needed.
Altmetrics and Their Potential as an Assessment Tool for Digital Libraries

Altmetrics is a set of new metrics to measure the impact of digital scholarship on the Internet. They have been used successfully in promotion and tenure process, grant applications, and award nominations. However, this paper discusses another newly discovered use of altmetrics, namely, as an assessment tool for digital libraries. Following a brief introduction, the authors present findings from a study and analyze the NISO standards and provide recommended best practices for effective use of altmetrics by libraries.
A placebo controlled treatment trial of sertraline and interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to test the efficacy of sertraline and Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) relative to pill placebo in a two site randomized controlled trial over a period of 12 weeks. It was hypothesized that sertraline and IPT would be more efficacious than pill placebo with respect to depression and social adjustment. Methods 162 breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women experiencing a major depressive episode in the first year postpartum from two sites in Iowa and Rhode Island were randomly assigned to IPT, sertraline-clinical management (CM), or pill placebo-CM. CM included infant-focused psychoeducation. Interview-based and self-report measures of depression and social adjustment were obtained at baseline, 4-weeks, 8-weeks, and 12-weeks of treatment. Linear mixed effects regression (LMER) was used for the longitudinal data analysis. Results There was no significant effect for treatment condition associated with the primary outcome measure, the HamD-17, but there was a significant effect for sertraline-CM relative to the IPT and placebo conditions over the duration of the trial based on the General Depression scale of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. There was a main effect for time in that study subjects across all three conditions showed significant improvement for the duration of the trial. Limitations Limitations of the present study included significant non-engagement with assigned condition and differential effects of IPT across the two study sites. Conclusions There was improvement for all postpartum women in all conditions. The results do suggest that active interventions with or without medication delivered over a period of twelve weeks can lead to significant improvement in depression and social adjustment among postpartum women. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00602355
COORDINATION BETWEEN PREFRONTAL CORTEX CLOCK GENE EXPRESSION AND CORTICOSTERONE CONTRIBUTES TO ENHANCED CONDITIONED FEAR EXTINCTION RECALL

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with impaired conditioned fear extinction learning, a ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-dependent process. PTSD is also associated with dysregulation of vmPFC, circadian, and glucocorticoid hormone function. Rats have rhythmic clock gene expression in the vmPFC that requires appropriate diurnal circulatory patterns of corticosterone (CORT), suggesting the presence of CORT-entrained intrinsic circadian clock function within the PFC. We examined the role of vmPFC clock gene expression and its interaction with CORT profiles in regulation of auditory conditioned fear extinction learning. Extinction learning and recall were examined in male rats trained and tested either in the night (active phase) or in the day (inactive phase). Using a viral vector strategy, Per1 and Per2 clock gene expression were selectively knocked down within the vmPFC. Circulating CORT profiles were manipulated via adrenalectomy (ADX) ± diurnal and acute CORT replacement. Rats trained and tested during the night exhibited superior conditioned fear extinction recall that was absent in rats that had knock-down of vmPFC clock gene expression. Similarly, the superior nighttime extinction recall was absent in ADX rats, but restored in ADX rats given a combination of a diurnal pattern of CORT and acute elevation of CORT during the postextinction training consolidation period. Thus, conditioned fear extinction learning is regulated in a diurnal fashion that requires normal vmPFC clock gene expression and a combination of circadian and training-associated CORT. Strategic manipulation of these factors may enhance the therapeutic outcome of conditioned fear extinction related treatments in the clinical setting.
Financing Urban Revitalization: A Pro‐Growth Template

The co‐authors recommend American cities adopt a particular property‐tax rate cutting strategy. They contrast relatively prosperous San Francisco with impoverished Baltimore. Both cities actually raised property taxes frequently between 1950 and 1975 with roughly the same results–falling population and rising crime. During the same period, many other cities also raised tax rates to make up for lower economic output, thereby encouraging more people and businesses to leave. The change in San Francisco's economic fortunes did not arise out of either a successful crime‐fighting program (it had worse crime than Baltimore in 1975) or through the rising prosperity of Silicon Valley forty miles to its south (still too small and far away to make a difference). Rather, the inflection point for San Francisco was in 1978 when a statewide referendum (“Proposition 13”) limited property taxes to 1% of assessed value. San Francisco's revenue declined by 18% the next year, 1979, but by 1982, its revenue was 66% higher than before Prop 13, despite the lower rates. Prop 13 improved cash flows to owners of real property in San Francisco and protected their property rights. Investors bought, built, and improved the city's residential and commercial capital stock, attracting new residents and creating new job opportunities Politicians are reluctant to try to adopt Prop 13‐like measures on their own, however, because the short‐term consequences for politicians are painful as several years are required for underlying economic activity to grow enough to offset rate cuts. The key is to build a financial bridge before crossing the river through four‐steps: 1. Announce a property tax rate cap that is immediately binding but which would take effect over several years in the future. Rational investors would immediately begin to invest and expand the city's tax base. 2. During the transition period, the city should limit its spending to a “maintenance of service” level, while allocating any added revenue to an escrow fund. 3. The city should supplement this reserve with the proceeds of sales of assets on its balance sheet via sale‐and‐leaseback contracts (SLBs). 4. If revenue falls in the short run, cash would be withdrawn from the escrow fund in order to continue to maintain levels of government services at accustomed levels.
A Regional, Cost-Effective, Collaborative Model for Critical Care Fellows' Ultrasonography Education.

Objective:Training in critical care ultrasonography is an essential tool in critical care medicine and recommended for fellowship programs in pulmonary and critical care medicine. Major barriers to...
Abstract TMP107: Regular Dental Care Reduces the Risk for Ischemic Stroke: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: Prior epidemiological studies have shown that periodontal disease (PD), also referred to as gum disease, is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. We assessed the hypothesis ...
Comparison between "Parametrized homology via zigzag persistence" and "Refined homology in the presence of a real-valued continuous function"

In this note one shows that the four persistence diagrams and measures defined in [5] are particular cases of the maps and the measures discussed in [2] and [1]