cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antipredator Behavior and the Population Dynamics of Simple Predator-Prey Systems

We derive a model that has one predator and one prey species and includes antipredator behavior. The prey are allowed to increase their investment in antipredator behavior, thereby decreasing their chance of being captured by the predator. However, they must pay for this protection by a cost exacted through decreased fecundity or increased mortality caused by factors other than predation. The population-dynamic consequences of antipredator behaviors are explored by comparing systems in which the efficiencies of the antipredator behavior differ; as the antipredator behavior becomes more efficient, the prey need to invest less in order to achieve the same level of protection from the predator. We assume that for any degree of efficiency, the prey choose their level of investment in antipredator behavior in order to optimize their expected reproductive fitness. By assuming only that the predators and prey coexist and that there is a stable equilibrium, we show that increased efficiency of antipredator behavi...
Rapid change in the symbolic functioning of very young children

A remarkable difference in the understanding of the symbolic relation between a scale model and the larger space that it represented was displayed by two age groups of young children. Three-year-old children who observed an object being hidden in a model knew where to find an analogous object hidden in the corresponding location in a room, but 2.5-year-old children did not. The success of the group of older children reveals an advance in their cognitive flexibility: they think of a model in two ways at the same time--both as the thing itself and as a symbol for something else.
Peer Tutoring for Reading Fluency as a Feasible and Effective Alternative in Response to Intervention Systems

Peer tutoring is an evidence-based procedure for improving academic performance for a variety of skill areas. The current study evaluated the feasibility and impact of a peer tutoring package for reading fluency with 4 middle school students receiving Tier II remedial supports. This study used a multiple baseline design across participants to evaluate impact of the peer tutoring procedure on students’ oral reading rate on instructional passages. Results indicated that students’ oral reading rate on instructional probes increased following implementation of the peer tutoring procedure. Moreover, peer tutors implemented most steps of the procedure with a high degree of integrity. Results are discussed in terms of contributions to the peer tutoring and Response to Intervention literatures, as well as application to applied practice.
The Dignity of Working Women: Service, Sex, and the Labor Politics of Localization in China's City of Eternal Spring

This article examines a five-star hotel in China's southwest Yunnan province where local management adopted the organizational template and service protocols of a U.S.-based transnational hotel firm and, at the same time, informally organized escort and sexual services for guests. The original organizational template evolved into a highly punitive labor regime that management considered necessary to discipline what they considered to be the “unruly” local employees. To my surprise, despite workers' antipathy toward management, they acted with the utmost respect toward customers. Why did managerial despotism not translate into surly service? The data reveal that professional female hotel workers take refuge in professional protocols that signal their moral distinction from sex workers who are informally attached to the hotel. These protocols of “virtuous professionalism” also require compliance to customers. The study shows how forging moral distinctions can figure centrally in the functioning of labor reg...
Tobacco sales in pharmacies: a survey of attitudes, knowledge and beliefs of pharmacists employed in student experiential and other worksites in Western New York

Pharmacies are venues in which patients seek out products and professional advice in order to improve overall health. However, many pharmacies in the United States continue to sell tobacco products, which are widely known to cause detrimental health effects. This conflict presents a challenge to pharmacists, who are becoming increasingly more involved in patient health promotion activities. This study sought to assess Western New York (WNY) area pharmacists’ opinions about the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies, and pharmacists’ opinions on their role in patient smoking cessation. Participants responded to two parallel surveys; a web-based survey was completed by 148 university-affiliated pharmacist preceptors via a list based sample, and a mail-based survey was completed by the supervising pharmacist in 120 area pharmacies via a list-based sample. The combined response rate for both surveys was 31%. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to determine any significant differences between the preceptor and supervising pharmacist survey groups. Over 75% of respondents support legislation banning the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies. Over 86% of respondents would prefer to work in a pharmacy that does not sell tobacco products. Differences between preceptor and supervising pharmacist groups were observed. Action regarding counseling patients was uncommon among both groups. Pharmacists support initiatives that increase their role in cessation counseling and initiatives that restrict the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies. These data could have important implications for communities and pharmacy practice.
Steady-State Heat Transfer Modeling of a Calorimeter Measurement Chamber

The steady-state heat transfer in a calorimeter measurement chamber is modeled assuming that the sample is a generic nuclear material container filled with plutonium oxide powder. The measurement chamber is composed of nine solid materials and air. The heat transfer model includes natural convection in the plutonium oxide porous matrix, natural convection in the air space on top of the plutonium oxide powder, and heat conduction in the different solid parts of the measurement chamber and the heat flux sensor. The problem is treated as a conjugate heat transfer problem defined by a system of 24 partial differential equations coupled at the interfaces of the materials that form the measurement chamber. A computational fluid dynamics software is used to generate the grid and obtain the solution. The simulation results provide estimates of operational temperatures and heat losses that are of interest in the design of calorimeters.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
On linear integral operators with nonnegative kernels

Abstract Let K be an eventually compact linear integral operator on L p (Ω, μ), 1 ⩽ p , with nonnegative kernel k ( x , y ), where the underlying measure μ is totally σ-finite on the domain set Ω when p = 1. In considering the equation λf = K f + g for given nonnegative g ϵ L p (Ω, μ), λ > 0 , P. Nelson, Jr. provided necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of the support of g , such that a nonnegative solution f ϵ L p (Ω, μ) was attained. Such conditions led to generalizing some of the graph-theoretic ideas associated with the normal form of a nonnegative reducible matrix. The purpose of this paper is to show that the analysis by Nelson can be enlarged to provide a more complete generalization of the normal form of a nonnegative matrix which can be used to characterize the distinguished eigenvalues of K and K ∗ , and to describe sets of support for the eigenfunctions and generalized eigenfunctions of both K and K ∗ belonging to the spectral radius of K .
Affirmative Action in Science and Engineering.

This article examines the legal and moral basis of affirmative action in science and engineering, in light of recent legal rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court. It argues that affirmative action programs can be morally and legally justified on the grounds that they enhance educational experiences and promote creativity, productivity, and success in science and engineering. Affirmative action programs may use race, ethnicity, or gender as one factor among many in decision-making, but they should not treat race, ethnicity, or gender as a decisive factor. Affirmative action programs that establish racial, ethnic or gender quotas are not legally or morally justifiable.
Unintended greenhouse gas consequences of lowering level of service in urban transit systems

Public transit is often touted as a ‘green’ transportation option and a way for users to reduce their environmental footprint by avoiding automobile emissions, but that may not be the case when systems run well below passenger capacity. In previous work, we explored an approach to optimizing the design and operations of transit systems for both costs and emissions, using continuum approximation models and assuming fixed demand. In this letter, we expand upon our previous work to explore how the level of service for users impacts emissions. We incorporate travel time elasticities into the optimization to account for demand shifts from transit to cars, resulting from increases in transit travel time. We find that emissions reductions are moderated, but not eliminated, for relatively inelastic users. We consider two scenarios: the first is where only the agency faces an emissions budget; the second is where the entire city faces an emissions budget. In the latter scenario, the emissions reductions resulting from reductions in transit level of service are mitigated as users switch to automobile.
Lycoperdonosis in Two Dogs

Lycoperdonosis is a rare respiratory disease that results from the inhalation of spores released from the Lycoperdon (puffball) mushroom. In the present study, 2 cases of confirmed canine lycoperdonosis are described. The first case presented to the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and the second case was submitted for postmortem examination to the University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Both dogs presented in respiratory distress, and owners reported that the dogs had been playing or digging in areas with puffball mushrooms prior to the onset of clinical signs. In the initial case, thoracic radiographs revealed a diffuse interstitial and multifocal alveolar pulmonary pattern. Despite aggressive medical treatment and mechanical ventilation, the dog continued to worsen and was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed firm lung lobes and enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Histologically, there was a severe diffuse histiocytic and pyogranulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Throughout the lung and lymph nodes, most commonly within macrophages, were round, 3-5 µm in diameter, Gomori methenamine silver-positive structures, consistent with Lycoperdon spores. An approximately 750-base pair DNA fragment was amplified from lung of both cases by polymerase chain reaction using primers specific to yeast ribosomal DNA, and the sequence of the fragment was determined to be most closely related to Lycoperdon pyriforme. Importantly, reexamination of an endotracheal wash from the initial case revealed intrahistiocytic spores, suggesting that airway sampling may assist in diagnosing lycoperdonosis.
Coupling impedance and response characterization measurements of a Proton Storage Ring wall current monitor

A method for measuring the response of a beam current monitor is described, and response and impedance measurement results for a Proton Storage Ring (PSR) wall current monitor are reported. The through-short-delay calibration method (TSD) is extended to measure the response of a current monitor embedded within hardware that interfaces to a network analyzer. Error correction parameters generated with the TSD-calibration are used to calculate the actual current present at the current monitor. The results show a marked increase in impedance due to the cables and combiners. >
Rushton’s contributions to the study of mental ability

Abstract This essay describes Rushton’s contribution to examining the nexus of intelligence, race, and genetics, specifically what I termed “Spearman’s hypothesis”. It states that Black–White differences are “most marked in just those [tests] which are known to be saturated with g”. I (Jensen) had confirmed this hypothesis using large data sets in the 1970s and 1980s and also found that Black–White differences were most marked on the more heritable rather than the more cultural subtests. Rushton confirmed and extended these findings in many highly innovative ways and demonstrated Spearman’s hypothesis applied among samples of Gypsy Roma in Serbia, and East Asian, European, South Asian, Colored and Black samples in South Africa. He has not only documented group differences in brain size, intelligence, life span, family structure, infant mortality, developmental precocity, personality, and temperament, and rates of two egg twinning, and crime among East Asians, Europeans, and Africans, but also provided a life history theory that explains them.
Facilitations between the Introduced Nitrogen-fixing Tree, Robinia pseudoacacia , and Nonnative Plant Species in the Glacial Outwash Upland Ecosystem of Cape Cod, MA

Robinia pseudoacacia, a nitrogen-fixing, clonal tree species native to the central Appalachian and Ozark Mountains, is considered to be one of the top 100 worldwide woody plant invaders. We initiated this project to determine the impact of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) on an upland coastal ecosystem and to estimate the spread of this species within Cape Cod National Seashore (CCNS). We censused 20 × 20 m plots for vegetation cover and environmental characteristics in the center of twenty randomly-selected Robinia pseudoacacia stands. Additionally, paired plots were surveyed under native overstory stands, comprised largely of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and mixed pitch pine–oak (Quercus velutina and Quercus alba) communities. These native stands were located 20 m from the edge of the sampled locust stand and had similar land use histories. To determine the historical distribution of black locust in CCNS, we digitized and georeferenced historical and current aerial photographs of randomly-selected stands. Ordination analyses revealed striking community-level differences between locust and pine–oak stands in their immediate vicinity. Understory nonnative species richness and abundance values were significantly higher under Robinia stands than under the paired native stands. Additionally, animal-dispersed plant species tended to occur in closer stands, suggesting their spread between locust stands. Robinia stand area significantly decreased from the 1970’s to 2002, prompting us to recommend no management action of black locust and a monitoring program and possible removal of associated animal-dispersed species. The introduction of a novel functional type (nitrogen-fixing tree) into this xeric, nutrient-poor, upland forested ecosystem resulted in ‘islands of invasion’ within this resistant system.
Structural basis of HIV-1 capsid recognition by PF74 and CPSF6

Upon infection of susceptible cells by HIV-1, the conical capsid formed by ∼250 hexamers and 12 pentamers of the CA protein is delivered to the cytoplasm. The capsid shields the RNA genome and proteins required for reverse transcription. In addition, the surface of the capsid mediates numerous host–virus interactions, which either promote infection or enable viral restriction by innate immune responses. In the intact capsid, there is an intermolecular interface between the N-terminal domain (NTD) of one subunit and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the adjacent subunit within the same hexameric ring. The NTD–CTD interface is critical for capsid assembly, both as an architectural element of the CA hexamer and pentamer and as a mechanistic element for generating lattice curvature. Here we report biochemical experiments showing that PF-3450074 (PF74), a drug that inhibits HIV-1 infection, as well as host proteins cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6 (CPSF6) and nucleoporin 153 kDa (NUP153), bind to the CA hexamer with at least 10-fold higher affinities compared with nonassembled CA or isolated CA domains. The crystal structure of PF74 in complex with the CA hexamer reveals that PF74 binds in a preformed pocket encompassing the NTD–CTD interface, suggesting that the principal inhibitory target of PF74 is the assembled capsid. Likewise, CPSF6 binds in the same pocket. Given that the NTD–CTD interface is a specific molecular signature of assembled hexamers in the capsid, binding of NUP153 at this site suggests that key features of capsid architecture remain intact upon delivery of the preintegration complex to the nucleus.
Gender and lung transplantation: Size matters, does sex?

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:352-353 M. Blair Marshall and Leslie J. Kohman Gender and lung transplantation: Size matters, does sex? http://jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/128/3/352 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is
Molecular basis of buspirone's anxiolytic action.

Abstract: Buspirone has been available in the United States for over four years for the treatment of anxiety. It was anticipated this drug would offer certain advantages over the established benzodiazepines. In contrast to diazepam, early studies found no evidence for the interaction of buspirone with GABAergic mechanisms. Behavioural, electrophysiological and receptor binding experiments gradually led to the idea that buspirone owes much of its anxiolytic activity to its ability to attenuate central 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission. Specifically, it appears to act as an agonist at presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, particularly in the raphe nuclei. Although buspirone also shows an affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, where it seems to behave as an antagonist, there is much doubt that this effect is related to its anxiolytic action. Even though buspirone and the benzodiazepines do not obviously share a common mode of action, the possibility is discussed that there is an underlying common mechanism of responsible for their antianxiety effects.
Marketing the programming languages course

Programming languages as a required course is disappearing from undergraduate computer science programs. This is not surprising given that the course often proves to be challenging for faculty to teach and unpopular among students. The author argues that the best way to convince departments to retain this material is to emphasize the benefit to undergraduates of stretching their understanding of programming early in their careers.
Sustaining Visibility? The Quandary of St. Paul and Archaeology in the Long Run

In summer 2002, archaeologists from the University of Texas at Austin excavated a shotgun house site adjacent to the historic St. Paul United Methodist Church in Dallas, Texas, once part of a flourishing North Dallas freedmen’s community. Church members were connected to this site which once belonged to the Cole family, whose head was a former church trustee. That fall, I came to the church as a response to the church community’s desire to learn more about their historical connection to the former freedmen’s community, and to share their story with the Dallas community through the recovered artefacts. This article is a self-reflexive account of my journey. It explores lessons learned about how archaeological research can better accommodate community partners, in the long run. This leads to what I consider a more thorough examination of historic preservation, through community engagement, with archaeologists as public servants.
Doping study of superconductivity in YBCO films by ion implantation

We present the results of doping by ion implantation in YBCO films with 5 different ions (Ca, Na, Mg, Be, Li). Ion selection is based on the difference of ionic radii and heat of formation value. Ionic radii plays a critical role to crystal damage in the implantation process. Ni ions were implanted to YBCO films with different doses so that the resistance of the implanted film was varied. Different values of resistance of the Ni implanted structures were applied to the fabrication of chip resistors.
Canonical Correlation Analysis on Riemannian Manifolds and Its Applications

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a widely used statistical technique to capture correlations between two sets of multi-variate random variables and has found a multitude of applications in computer vision, medical imaging and machine learning. The classical formulation assumes that the data live in a pair of vector spaces which makes its use in certain important scientific domains problematic. For instance, the set of symmetric positive definite matrices (SPD), rotations and probability distributions, all belong to certain curved Riemannian manifolds where vector-space operations are in general not applicable. Analyzing the space of such data via the classical versions of inference models is rather sub-optimal. But perhaps more importantly, since the algorithms do not respect the underlying geometry of the data space, it is hard to provide statistical guarantees (if any) on the results. Using the space of SPD matrices as a concrete example, this paper gives a principled generalization of the well known CCA to the Riemannian setting. Our CCA algorithm operates on the product Riemannian manifold representing SPD matrix-valued fields to identify meaningful statistical relationships on the product Riemannian manifold. As a proof of principle, we present results on an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) study where the analysis task involves identifying correlations across diffusion tensor images (DTI) and Cauchy deformation tensor fields derived from T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images.
Fabrication of strong re-writable long-period fiber gratings with a CO/sub 2/ laser

We show that the sensitivity of boron-doped fibers to CO/sub 2/ radiation can be enhanced by a uniform pre-exposure. Resulting gratings could be erased with a similar uniform exposure and recorded again with no loss of fiber sensitivity.
Genome-wide Association Study of Periodontal Pathogen Colonization

Pathological shifts of the human microbiome are characteristic of many diseases, including chronic periodontitis. To date, there is limited evidence on host genetic risk loci associated with periodontal pathogen colonization. We conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study among 1,020 white participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy to severe chronic periodontitis, and for whom “checkerboard” DNA-DNA hybridization quantification of 8 periodontal pathogens was performed. We examined 3 traits: “high red” and “high orange” bacterial complexes, and “high” Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) colonization. Genotyping was performed on the Affymetrix 6.0 platform. Imputation to 2.5 million markers was based on HapMap II-CEU, and a multiple-test correction was applied (genome-wide threshold of p < 5 × 10−8). We detected no genome-wide significant signals. However, 13 loci, including KCNK1, FBXO38, UHRF2, IL33, RUNX2, TRPS1, CAMTA1, and V...
Superhigh numerical aperture (NA > 1.5) micro gradient-index lens based on a dual-material approach

We describe a novel scheme for obtaining a superhigh numerical aperture gradient-index (SHNA GRIN) lens from multiple thin layers of two or more materials with large refractive-index contrast. Design procedures for the lens are described, including variation of the layer thickness to achieve focusing and of the thickness limit to reduce scattering loss. We use an exact numerical solution by the finite-difference time-domain method to evaluate the lens’s performance. Specific examples of a SHNA GRIN lens with a SiO2–TiO2 material system designed for fiber coupling to a nanowaveguide are shown to have focusing FWHM spot sizes of 0.53–0.7??m at ?=1.55??m (corresponding to a NA of approximately 1.6–1.1) with 2.7–2.4% more loss than an ideal continuous index profile GRIN lens. With this approach, a SHNA GRIN lens with a NA of >1.5 and a length of <20??m can be achieved with currently available thin-film deposition techniques.
Ultra-low power and high speed design and implementation of AES and SHA1 hardware cores in 65 nanometer CMOS technology

This paper describes a design and implementation of low-power and high-speed security hardware cores for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA1). We propose three Register Transfer Level (RTL) circuit techniques, namely, Application Specific Register Reduction (ASRR), Locally Explicit Clock Enabling (LECE), and Bus Specific Clock (BSC). LECE and BSC can be used directly to any ASIC design flow and can be applied for any technology nodes. With 65 nanometer industry technology, our proposed schemes demonstrated at RTL and gate level that for AES, 44.57% total power reduction (dynamic and cell leakage power), 10.43% area reduction, and 5.78 Gbps throughput with 452 MHz circuit speed are achieved and for SHA1, 63.26% total power reduction, 12.72% area reduction with 1.28 GHz circuit speed are achieved.
Design and Evaluation of Large-Aperture Gallium Fixed-Point Blackbody

To complement existing water bath blackbodies that now serve as NIST primary standard sources in the temperature range from 15 °C to 75 °C, a gallium fixed-point blackbody has been recently built. The main objectives of the project included creating an extended-area radiation source with a target emissivity of 0.9999 capable of operating either inside a cryo-vacuum chamber or in a standard laboratory environment. A minimum aperture diameter of 45 mm is necessary for the calibration of radiometers with a collimated input geometry or large spot size. This article describes the design and performance evaluation of the gallium fixed-point blackbody, including the calculation and measurements of directional effective emissivity, estimates of uncertainty due to the temperature drop across the interface between the pure metal and radiating surfaces, as well as the radiometrically obtained spatial uniformity of the radiance temperature and the melting plateau stability. Another important test is the measurement of the cavity reflectance, which was achieved by using total integrated scatter measurements at a laser wavelength of 10.6 μm. The result allows one to predict the performance under the low-background conditions of a cryo-chamber. Finally, results of the spectral radiance comparison with the NIST water-bath blackbody are provided. The experimental results are in good agreement with predicted values and demonstrate the potential of our approach. It is anticipated that, after completion of the characterization, a similar source operating at the water triple point will be constructed.
Microstructures of Y2O3-Stabilized ZrO2 Electron Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition Coatings on Ni-Base Superalloys

The microstructures of ZrO[sub 2]-20 wt % Y[sub 2]O[sub 3] thermal barrier coatings formed by electron beam-physical vapor deposition on a Ni-base superalloy have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The coating systems consist of several layers, including a superalloy substrate, a bond coat, an Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] scale, and the PVD coating. The overall ceramic thermal barrier coatings were characterized, with special emphasis being given to the [alpha]-Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] scale which forms between the bond coat and the ZrO[sub 2]-Y[sub 2]O[sub 3] coating. The oxide scale exhibited various morphologies in different coating systems; the majority of the porosity formed in this region for all coatings.
Molecular genetic aspects of oligodendrogliomas including analysis by comparative genomic hybridization

Oligodendroglial neoplasms are a subgroup of gliomas with distinctive morphological characteristics. In the present study we have evaluated a series of these tumors to define their molecular profiles and to determine whether there is a relationship between molecular genetic parameters and histological pattern in this tumor type. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for 1p and 19q was seen in 17/23 (74%) well-differentiated oligodendrogliomas, in 18/23 (83%) anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and in 3/8 (38%) oligoastrocytomas grades II and III. LOH for 17p and/or mutations of the TP53 gene occurred in 14 of these 55 tumors. Only one of the 14 cases with 17p LOH/TP53 gene mutation also had LOH for 1p and 19q, and significant astrocytic elements were seen histologically in the majority of these 14 tumors. LOH for 9p and/or deletion of the CDKN2A gene occurred in 15 of these 55 tumors, and 11 of these cases were among the 24 (42%) anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) identified the majority of cases with 1p and 19q loss and, in addition, showed frequent loss of chromosomes 4, 14, 15, and 18. These findings demonstrate that oligodendroglial neoplasms usually have loss of 1p and 19q whereas astrocytomas of the progressive type frequently contain mutations of the TP53 gene, and that 9p loss and CDKN2A deletions are associated with progression from well-differentiated to anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.
DNA Microarray Analysis of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus: Evidence for a New Type of Sulfur-Reducing Enzyme Complex

DNA microarrays were constructed by using 271 open reading frame (ORFs) from the genome of the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. They were used to investigate the effects of elemental sulfur (S°) on the levels of gene expression in cells grown at 95°C with maltose as the carbon source. The ORFs included those that are proposed to encode proteins mainly involved in the pathways of sugar and peptide catabolism, in the metabolism of metals, and in the biosynthesis of various cofactors, amino acids, and nucleotides. The expression of 21 ORFs decreased by more than fivefold when cells were grown with S° and, of these, 18 encode subunits associated with three different hydrogenase systems. The remaining three ORFs encode homologs of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and HypF, both of which appear to be involved in hydrogenase biosynthesis, as well as a conserved hypothetical protein. The expression of two previously uncharacterized ORFs increased by more than 25-fold when cells were grown with S°. Their products, termed SipA and SipB (for sulfur-induced proteins), are proposed to be part of a novel S°-reducing, membrane-associated, iron-sulfur cluster-containing complex. Two other previously uncharacterized ORFs encoding a putative flavoprotein and a second FeS protein were upregulated more than sixfold in S°-grown cells, and these are also thought be involved in S° reduction. Four ORFs that encode homologs of proteins involved in amino acid metabolism were similarly upregulated in S°-grown cells, a finding consistent with the fact that growth on peptides is a S°-dependent process. An ORF encoding a homolog of the eukaryotic rRNA processing protein, fibrillarin, was also upregulated sixfold in the presence of S°, although the reason for this is as yet unknown. Of the 20 S°-independent ORFs that are the most highly expressed (at more than 20 times the detection limit), 12 of them represent enzymes purified from P. furiosus, but none of the products of the 34 S°-independent ORFs that are not expressed above the detection limit have been characterized. These results represent the first derived from the application of DNA microarrays to either an archaeon or a hyperthermophile.
Determinants Of Innovative Capability Of A Country And Its Role In Economic Growth

This paper discusses the role that innovation plays in global competition and provides examples showing how firms from selected emerging markets use innovation to compete with global firms from the developed world. This paper also discusses the role of innovative capability in growth of a country by suggesting that in the long-term, a nation’s higher order competitive advantage can only be built with the innovative capability of its firms. In this context, an empirical model was used to identify the determinants of innovative capability of a country. The discussion of these determinants should be useful to policymakers in countries attempting to promote economic growth by improving the productivity of firms in their respective countries.
Intracranial and scalp metastasis of endometrial carcinoma

Background: Endometrial adenocarcinoma is one of the most common gynecological tumors in postmenopausal women. The distant metastasis mostly involves liver, lung and bone. Scalp metastases from endometrial adenocarcinoma are very rare. Case Report: A 63-year-old female with history of irregular vaginal bleeding presented with progressive headaches and a rapidly enlarging mass on the left forehead. There were no other associated symptoms including any motor or sensory deficits. MRI of the head showed a large 8cm tumor extending from the left frontal subcutaneous tissue through the skull into the epidural space. CT scan of the abdomen, pelvis and thorax revealed a uterine mass and showed multiple signal abnormalities in the ribs and vertebra indicative of metastasis. The patient underwent craniotomy and also had an endometrial biopsy. Both craniotomy and endometrial biopsies revealed endometriod adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: This case illustrates that although scalp or intracranial metastases from endometrial adenocarcinoma are very rare, it must remain in the differential diagnosis in an elderly woman with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and a scalp tumor.
Infiltration Equation in Exponential Forms

Four accumulative equations and rates of infiltration for four typical time periods in exponential form have been developed. The effect of individual soil properties on infiltration is observed from these equations. Numerical examination of these equations shows that the differentiation or integration of an empirical exponential infiltration equation would magnify the error in the calculation using the resulting equation. Good agreement between the equations and the empirical data from different sources was obtained.
Fibrosarcoma arising at the site of bone infarcts. A report of 2 cases.

Two patients were studied with multiple, idiopathic bone infarcts secondarily complicated by the development of fibrosarcoma at the site of infarction. Similar association of these lesions has not been reported in the literature. A brief review is presented of the pathophysiology of caisson disease and bone infarcts. An analysis of other known causes of bone infarcts failed to provide an explanation for the multiple bone infarcts present in these two patients, and similarly no direct relation was found in these cases to other benign bone lesions complicated by malignant-tumor formation.
P009 : REDUCING THE COST OF A ROSETTING METHOD WHICH IMPROVES FLOW CROSSMATCH SENSITIVITY BY REMOVING NEUTROPHILS AND MONOCYTES

Aim To reduce the cost of using RosetteSepTM (RS) Human Total Lymphocyte Enrichment Cocktail (Stemcell Technologies), which improves Flow crossmatch (FC) sensitivity by removing neutrophils and monocytes. Often deceased donor blood neutrophils and monocytes are not completely removed by Ficoll Hypaque (FH) density gradient centrifugation. These cells can compete for patient HLA antibodies. Although RS can remove contaminating cells, the reagent traditionally costs $136.00/FC, this study evaluated adding 85% less RS. Methods Total lymphocyte isolation from Deceased Donor blood using less RS: 1. Use 3–4 ACD tubes, spin for Buffy Coat (BC) at 2000 rpm for 10 min. 2. Add 200 μL of RS to BC tube, instead of 50 μL/1 mL of whole blood. 3. Then follow the FH SOP. Results Seven donor samples (living related, autologous and cadaveric) were used for this study. The Median channels (MC) were unaffected for Negative controls and 0% CPRA patient sera, for example the Neat MC averages were T cell = 6 and B cell = 13 vs. RS MC averages were T cell = 6 and B cell = 14. However, MCs were significantly higher for all Positive controls where the Neat MC averages were T cell = 301 and B cell = 805 vs. RS MC averages were T cell = 956 and Ave B cell = 2842. The dot plots showed a significant reduction in cell contaminants such as Granulocytes. There is a 85% cost reduction compared to the recommended RS procedure, 50 μL RS/1 mL with whole blood vs. 6 μL RS/1 mL of using BC. Conclusions We have demonstrated that adding 1/7 of the normal amount of RS to the FH procedure removes a significant amount of cell contaminants and increases FC sensitivity. This protocol saves the laboratory approximately $115.60/FC (4 ACDs). Further study is being evaluated for high CPRA sera. Table 1. This table shows the comparisons in Median Channel results for 2 donor samples between FH and RS + FH. ID ∗ T CELL ∗ B CELL ∗∗ T CELL ∗∗ B CELL NC1_1 5 6 5 7 PC1_1 260 686 563 2049 Pt1_1 4 6 4 8 NC2_1 6 21 7 18 PC2_1 554 1696 1008 2688 Pt2_1 6 9 7 10 ∗ = Ficoll Hypaque. ∗∗ = RosetteSep.
Characterization of Sarcoma-Positive, Leukemia-Negative (S-L-) Human CeIIs Induced by the Feline Leukemia Virus Pseudotype of Moloney Sarcoma Virus

AbstractHuman osteosarcoma clonal cells (TE-85 clone F-5) can be readily transformed by the feline leukemia virus pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus [Mo-MSV (FeLV)]. Among a number of foci isolated at limiting Mo-MSV (FeLV) dilution four clones of sarcoma-positive, leukemia-negative (S+L-) cells were selected and characterized. These clones were negative for infectious virus and type C virus particles; however, they contained a rescuable MSV genome and murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-specific antigen, such as the gag gene products, p15, p 12, and p30, but lacked the env gene protein (gp 70). S+L- clones were all tumorigenic in nude mice. The Mo-MSV rescued by baboon type C virus (M-7), Mo-MSV(M-7), produced foci readily in human, NRK, and NIH 3T3 mouse embryo cells. Human cells transformed by Mo-MSV(M-7) were found to be virus producers; whereas Mo-MSV (M-7)-transformed NRK and NIH 3T3 mouse embryo cells were found to be S+L cells. These rat- and mouse-transformed cells were negative for infectious virus bu...
Use of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCCs) in Patients Undergoing Heart Transplant Surgery: Clinical Experience at a University Hospital

s S291 registration during routine visits to the primary care physicians (PCP). It was initially funded through a Health Resources and Services Administration grant awarded to the University of Pittsburgh Department of Health Policy & Management and the Center for Organ Recovery & Education (CORE). Between January and June 2015, the project provided CME-accredited education about organ donation for physician office staff in 122 randomized participating clinics across Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia. This included online and in-person training (lunch and learns) to over 1,500 PCP office staff participants as well as PCP office kits that included tabletop posters, brochures and office forms which included a survey and designation form. Results: Over 21,000 patient-completed organ donation survey forms were collected. About half of all participants were already registered organ donors. 764 (8.1%) completed the designation form and became registered organ donors upon receiving information from this pilot project. Due to the program’s success, both Organ Procurement Organizations in Pennsylvania (CORE and Gift of Life) have committed to funding the program as a statewide initiative, to be launched in January 2016. Conclusion: Unique initiatives like the PSL project can help create awareness amongst people regarding the critical value of organ donation.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Hemolysis initiated by the C3 activator system.

Abstract The C3 activator system, a newly discovered pathway for the activation of late acting complement components, was tested for its capacity to initiate hemolysis of erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Erythrocytes from such patients were lysed at pH 8.0 by whole human serum in presence of inulin, a potent activating substance of the C3 activator system. Serum depleted of C3 proactivator (C3PA) failed to support lysis of the erythrocytes, but regained this capacity after addition of highly purified C3PA. A requirement of C3PA was also demonstrated for the acidified serum test (Ham test). The mechanisms of this pH-dependent hemolytic reaction was explained in part by the observation that activation of C3PA and C3 occurs in the absence of erythrocytes when serum alone is incubated at pH 6.5. It seems likely that the C3 activator system may participate in the causation of intravascular hemolysis and thrombotic episodes in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
In vivo treatments associated with the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in rabbit vasculature

Tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity in peripheral vascular tissue was measured in vitro subsequent to decapitation, pentobarbital anesthesia and intravenous infusion with nitroprusside. Enzyme activity was elevated when animals were subjected to decapitation or intravenous infusion with nitroprusside. Prior administration of hexamethonium prevented the increase in enzyme activity. Intravenous infusion with nitroprusside also resulted in a reflex increase in heart rate, an elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity in the superior mesenteric ganglion and an elevation of compound action potential firing from the preganglionic splanchnic nerve bundle. These data suggest that tyrosine hydroxylase within sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating vascular tissue is activated following increased efferent impulse flow.
The consequences of sublethal exposure to insecticide on the survivorship and mobility of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

BACKGROUND The direct lethal effects of conventional and organic insecticides have been investigated thoroughly for all life stages of Halyomorpha halys. However, the sublethal effects of insecticides on the behavior of H. halys have not been well documented. Our aims were to evaluate the impact of a brief 5 min exposure to residues of bifenthrin, dinotefuran, methomyl, thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin on survivorship, horizontal and vertical movement, and flight capacity of adult H. halys under laboratory conditions. RESULTS Over half of the insecticide-exposed adults were classified as affected, moribund or dead after the 5 min exposure, compared with only 6% of the adults in the water-only control. We found that the horizontal movement, vertical climbing and flight capacity of adults exposed to insecticides were decreased by 20–60% overall relative to the water-only control. The most lethal insecticide was bifenthrin. CONCLUSION Many insecticide-exposed H. halys adults retained significant mobility and flight capacity, with flight most pronounced immediately after exposure. These results suggest that brief exposure periods to efficacious insecticides will result in high dispersal and low mortality. Therefore, management strategies that enhance the retention of H. halys on insecticide-coated surfaces should be considered to ensure that adults are exposed to a lethal dose of insecticide. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Paracrine effects of endocardial endothelial cells on myocyte contraction mediated via endothelin

Endocardial endothelium is reported to modulate myocardial contraction by releasing diffusible factors, but the nature of the agent(s) responsible is unknown. In the present study we investigated the potential role of endothelin in these effects. Cultured sheep endocardial endothelial cells were found to express endothelin-1 mRNA and to release endothelin-1 into superfusing solution. This superfusate induced positive inotropic effects in isolated rat cardiac myocytes, associated with an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ transient. Similar positive inotropic effects were induced by vascular endothelial cell superfusate as well as by synthesized endothelin-1, administered at concentrations similar to those present in the superfusate. Incubation of endocardial endothelial cell superfusate with endothelin-1-specific antiserum reduced the free endothelin-1 concentration to undetectable levels and abolished both the positive inotropic effect and the rise in cytosolic Ca2+. These findings indicate that endocardial endothelial cells may modulate myocardial contraction in part through the release of endothelin-1 and suggest that endocardial as well as vascular endothelium could exert potent paracrine effects on myocardium.
Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Enhances Radiosensitivity and Improves Animal Survival in Murine Neuroblastoma

Abstract An analysis of the potential of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor to enhance the radiosensitivity of C1300 murine neuroblastoma was undertaken. Female A/J mice bearing C1300 murine neuroblastoma (right hindlimb) underwent the following treatments: group 1—0.25 cc normal saline intraperitoneally times 2, group 2—0.5 mcg./gm. recombinant human tumor necrosis factor intraperitoneally times 2, group 3—400 cGy. right hindlimb, group 4—800 cGy. right hindlimb, group 5—400 cGy. right hindlimb plus 0.5 mcg./gm. recombinant human tumor necrosis factor intraperitoneally times 2 and group 6—800 cGy. right hindlimb plus 0.5 mcg./gm. recombinant human tumor necrosis factor intraperitoneally times 2. All animals were followed for 21 days after treatment initiation with interval measurements of tumor volume. All single modality treatments were more effective than normal saline in reducing average tumor volumes during the study period (800 cGy. equals recombinant human tumor necrosis factor greater than 400 cGy. greater than normal saline). The addition of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor to radiotherapy moderately augmented antitumor response at radiation doses of 400 cGy. but marked enhancement was attained at radiation doses of 800 cGy. (p
Hybrid offshore wind and tidal turbine energy harvesting system with independently controlled rectifiers

This paper proposes a hybrid offshore wind and tidal energy conversion system. In this study, dynamic model and control schemes of this hybrid system are presented. Gearless generators are designed to achieve direct-drive application. A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) model is established in the dq-synchronous rotating frame, and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is realized through controlling the speed of the generators using PWM controlled rectifiers. In order to verify the presented control strategy and to study the interaction between wind and tidal energy conversion systems, MATLAB/Simulink® simulations have been conducted. The results prove the potential feasibility of the proposed system topology.
On the Newton polygons of Kaneko-Zagier lifts of supersingular polynomials

Let p be a prime number. The supersingular polynomial $$\mathfrak {S}_p(x)$$ S p ( x ) in characteristic p is the polynomial over $$\mathbf {F}_p$$ F p whose roots in $$\overline{\mathbf {F}_p}$$ F p ¯ are the supersingular j-invariants of elliptic curves over $$\mathbf {F}_p$$ F p . In this paper we study the Newton polygons of certain rational lifts of $$\mathfrak {S}_p(x)$$ S p ( x ) connected to the theory of Jacobi polynomials. As a corollary to our results on the Newton polygons, we obtain new cases of irreducibility for these supersingular lifts, providing more evidence for the general irreducibility conjecture of Mahlburg and Ono.