cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An enzymatic method for the measurement of nicotinamide mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase in cells and tissues.

Abstract A simple enzymatic method is described for the measurement of NMN pyrophosphorylase in tissue homogenates at levels as low as 10 −12 to 10 −9 mol. The product, nicotinamide mononucleotide, is converted to NAD using NAD pyrophosphorylase and the NAD is quantified in an enzymatic cycling assay. The enzyme described here is stimulated more at low concentrations of Mn 2+ than Mg 2+ . ATP is not required for NMN pyrophosphorylase activity; the reaction is neither stimulated nor inhibited by ATP concentrations as high as 3 m m . The enzyme is totally dependent on phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. The method is highly reproducible in all tissues examined. Various cell lines and tissues from mouse were analyzed for NMN pyrophorylase.
An Experimental Evaluation of the Effective Thermal Conductivities of Packed Beds at High Temperatures

Combined conduction and radiation heat transfer in packed beds of spherical particles was investigated. Three different packing materials (alumina, aluminum, and glass) of various particle diameters (2.5 to 13.5 mm) were tested. Internal bed temperature profiles and corresponding effective thermal conductivities were measured under steady-state conditions for a temperature range between 350 K and 1300 K. The effects of particle diameter and local bed temperature were examined. It was found that higher effective thermal conductivities were obtained with larger particles and higher thermal conductivity packing materials. The measured values for the effective thermal conductivity were compared against the predictions of two commonly used models, the Kunii–Smith and the Zehner–Bauer–Schlunder models. Both models performed well at high temperatures but were found to overpredict the effective thermal conductivity at low temperatures. An attempt was made to quantify the relative contributions of conduction and radiation. Applying the diffusion approximation, the radiative conductivity was formulated, normalized, and compared with the findings of other investigators.
Active site prediction using evolutionary and structural information

Motivation: The identification of catalytic residues is a key step in understanding the function of enzymes. While a variety of computational methods have been developed for this task, accuracies have remained fairly low. The best existing method exploits information from sequence and structure to achieve a precision (the fraction of predicted catalytic residues that are catalytic) of 18.5% at a corresponding recall (the fraction of catalytic residues identified) of 57% on a standard benchmark. Here we present a new method, Discern, which provides a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art through the use of statistical techniques to derive a model with a small set of features that are jointly predictive of enzyme active sites. Results: In cross-validation experiments on two benchmark datasets from the Catalytic Site Atlas and CATRES resources containing a total of 437 manually curated enzymes spanning 487 SCOP families, Discern increases catalytic site recall between 12% and 20% over methods that combine information from both sequence and structure, and by ≥50% over methods that make use of sequence conservation signal only. Controlled experiments show that Discern's improvement in catalytic residue prediction is derived from the combination of three ingredients: the use of the INTREPID phylogenomic method to extract conservation information; the use of 3D structure data, including features computed for residues that are proximal in the structure; and a statistical regularization procedure to prevent overfitting. Contact: kimmen@berkeley.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Transverse modulational instability of collinear waves

The transverse modulational instability, or filamentation, of two collinear waves is investigated, using a coupled nonlinear Schrodinger-equation model. For infinite media it is shown that the presence of the second laser field increases the growth rate of the instability and decreases the scale length of the most unstable filaments. Systems of two copropagating waves are shown to be convectively unstable and systems of two counterpropagating waves are shown to be absolutely unstable, even when the ratio of backward- to forward-wave intensity is small. For two counterpropagating waves in finite media, the threshold intensities for the absolute instability depend only weakly on the ratio of wave intensities. The general theory is applied to the pondermotive filamentation of two light waves in homogeneous plasma.
A lobster phospholipase C-beta that associates with G-proteins in response to odorants.

A cDNA clone encoding a protein of 1116 amino acids with significant homology to β-isoforms of phospholipase C was isolated from lobster olfactory organ cDNA libraries and named lobPLCβ. This cDNA hybridized predominantly to a 9 kb transcript in RNA from olfactory organ, pereiopod, brain, and eye-eyestalk and to several smaller minor transcripts only in eye-eyestalk. An antiserum raised to the C terminus of lobPLCβ detected immunoreactivity in a single 130 kDa band in olfactory aesthetasc hairs, olfactory organ, pereiopod, dactyl, and brain. In eye-eyestalk this 130 kDa band was abundant, and minor bands of 100, 79, and 57 kDa also were detected. In cross sections of the aesthetasc hairs, immunoreactivity was detected in the outer dendritic segments of the olfactory receptor neurons, the site of olfactory transduction. A complex odorant caused lobPLCβ immunoreactivity to increase in membrane fractions and decrease in soluble fractions of homogenates of aesthetasc hairs. The odorant also increased the amount of lobPLCβ in immunoprecipitates of Gαq and Gβ from homogenates of aesthetasc hairs. These results support the conclusion that lobPLCβ mediates olfactory transduction.
Sensitivity and specificity of eight CT signs in the preoperative diagnosis of internal mesenteric hernia following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Aim To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of eight previously reported computed tomography (CT) signs in diagnosing internal mesenteric hernia following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Materials and methods Preoperative CT images of nine patients with surgically proven internal mesenteric hernia as a complication of gastric bypass surgery and 10 matched control patients were reviewed in a blinded fashion by three radiologists. The presence of eight previously reported signs of internal mesenteric hernia was assessed: mesenteric swirl sign, hurricane eye sign, mushroom sign, small bowel obstruction, clustered small bowel loops, small bowel other than duodenum located behind the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), presence of the jejunal anastomosis to the right of the midline, and engorged mesenteric lymph nodes. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each sign, as well as inter-observer reliability in recognizing these signs. Results Mesenteric swirl was the most predictive sign of internal hernia (sensitivity 78–100%, specificity 80–90%). Other CT signs showed good specificity (70–100%), but sensitivities were low (0–44%). The presence of a small-bowel obstruction and engorged mesenteric nodes was found to be 100% specific in predicting the presence of an underlying hernia. There was substantial inter-observer agreement in detecting mesenteric swirl sign (κ = 0.48–0.79), but agreement was relatively poor for all other signs. Conclusion Mesenteric swirl is an easily recognized CT sign, and is the best indicator of internal hernia following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Other reported CT signs are diagnostically insensitive. The presence of small-bowel obstruction with engorged mesenteric nodes is highly specific in diagnosing internal mesenteric hernia.
Temperature dependence study of two-dimensional electron gas effect on the noise performance of high frequency field effect transistors

We present experimental evidence that the noise figure (NF) and associated gain equal to those achieved with GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (GaAs p-HEMT's) can also be accomplished by ion implanted GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (GaAs MESFET's). These measured noise figure results as a function of low temperature for GaAs MESFET's and p-HEMT's clearly suggest that the transport properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in HEMT's and p-HEMT's do not make a significant contribution to the noise reduction at high frequency operation of these devices. >
Spouse Attributes and Spousal Interactions as Dimensions of Relationship Quality in First-Married and Remarried Newlywed Men and Women

The independence of two dimensions of relationship quality was examined by factor analyzing the correlations among five self-report scores. Two of the scores evaluated attributes of the spouse, and three evaluated interactions between the spouses. The generalizability of factor solutions was assessed by comparing findings across four groups of newlywed couples: first-married husbands, first-married wives, remarried husbands, and remarried wives (ns = 308, 290, 150, and 168, respectively). For each subject group, a maximum likelihood factor analysis indicated that only one factor, accounting for between 51% to 61% of the total variance, provided the best fit to the data. Thus there was no evidence that newlyweds' evaluations of spouse attributes and spousal interactions are independent of each other.
Defining the Limits of Restoration: The Need for Realistic Goals

The search for a universal statement of goals for ecological restoration continues to generate discussion and controversy. I discuss the diverse roots of restoration ecology, and show how the complex lineages within the field have led to diverse, and divergent, sets of goals. I then review the three major themes that currently are used to develop statements of goals: restoration of species, restoration of whole ecosystems or landscapes, and the restoration of ecosystem services, and point out both the advantages and the limitations and problems associated with each category. Finally, I suggest that restoration ecology would be better served by recognizing that the diversity of conditions requiring restoration demands much flexibility in goal setting, and that restorationists should seek to develop guidelines for defining the sets of conditions under which different kinds of goals are appropriate. I further suggest that goals would be more easily and more appropriately set if restorationists would set forth at the outset the true scope and limitations of what is possible in a given project.
On feedback connections of analytic nonlinear systems and combinatorics on words

Given two analytic nonlinear input-output systems represented as Fliess operators, F/sub c/ and F/sub d/, their feedback connection y=F/sub c/[u + F/sub d/[y]] can be described in terms of a feedback product of their corresponding generating series c and d, namely y=F/sub c@d/[u]. A fundamental question is whether the operator F/sub c@d/ representing the closed-loop system is well defined, specifically, does its series representation converge in any sense given that the series representations of F/sub c/ and F/sub d/ are absolutely and uniformly convergent? In this paper, it is proven that /sub Fc@d/ is always well defined on an open ball in a suitable input signal space and over a nonzero interval of time. In the process of establishing this result, an interesting connection is derived between the radius of convergence and the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of Catalan numbers, C/sub n/, or more specifically, the binomial transform of the sequence of Catalan numbers, S/sub n/. This suggests a deeper connection between feedback structures of analytic systems and classical topics in algebraic combinatorics on words.
The reported inhibition of DCA-salt hypertension by antihistaminic drugs: effects of sandostene, phenergan and chlorpromazine.

TREATMENT of uninephrectomized rats with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) and salt results in renal, splanchnic, myocardial and cerebral vascular lesions identical with those of experimental renal hypertension and similar in many respects to the lesions of hypertensive disease in human beings (Selye, 1942; Masson et al., 1949). The mechanism of formation of these lesions is unknown, except that arterial hypertension seems to be a contributory factor. That altered vascular permeability, with trapping in the vessel walls of a protein component of plasma might play a role in hyalinization and fibrinoid change in the arterioles is suggested in part by the microscopic appearance of some of these lesions. This possibility receives further support from the finding that desoxycorticosterone, in the presence of excess Na ion, increases permeability of vessels in preparations of isolated limbs (Tripod and Meier, 1952). The importance of increased permeability in this connection seems to have been confirmed by the...
Automated two-dimensional femtosecond pulse shaping

We report the automated generation of high-fidelity spatiotemporally shaped femtosecond pulses using an optically addressed, reflection-mode two-dimensional spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator has been fully characterized. We performed spatiotemporal pulse shaping by dividing a vertically expanded input pulse into many horizontal regions, each of which was independently shaped through phase-only spectral filtering. The configuration of the imaging optics determined whether real space or wave-vector shaping was performed. We performed cross correlations of shaped waveforms by using a pulse shaper to generate variably delayed pulses, demonstrating time-resolved measurement without beam splitters or delay lines.
Sensitivity analysis of the Kalman Filter and its applications in power systems

Power system model integrity is essential to many planning and operation tasks to ensure the safety and reliability of electricity delivery. Inaccurate system models would result in unreliable assessment of system security conditions and cause large-scale blackouts such as the 2003 Northeast Blackout. This dictates a strong need for knowing the sensitivity of the model to errors in certain input variables. Our previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of applying the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to dynamically monitor generator parameters using disturbance data recorded by phasor measurement units (PMU). This paper uses simulation to examine the effectiveness of augmenting the state variables with the uncertain input variables to improve state variable tracking and to calibrate the input variables.
The combined loss of Gads and CD127 reveals a novel function of Gads prior to TCRβ expression

The Gads adaptor protein is an essential component of the T cell signaling complex critical for T cell receptor-mediated calcium mobilization. After expression of TCRβ in T cell precursors, Gads is required for optimal Bcl-2 expression and cell survival. Similarly, the IL-7 receptor chain CD127 is also necessary for optimal Bcl-2 expression and cell survival in TCRβ-expressing thymocytes. Based on these observations, we tested whether Gads and CD127 might regulate convergent or linear signaling pathways by crossing Gads−/− mice with CD127−/− mice. Thymi from Gads−/−CD127−/− mice were barely detectable and many of the thymocytes were within the DN1 population. By contrast, B cell development in the Gads−/−CD127−/− mice was comparable to that of CD127−/− mice, indicating that the combined loss of Gads and CD127 did not lead to a global deficit in hematopoiesis. Analysis of Lin−Sca-1+c-kit+ bone marrow cells and bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that Gads−/−CD127−/− T cell precursors either failed to migrate into the thymus or survive in the thymus. These data demonstrate that Gads functions at a stage of T cell development that had not been previously described.
HAND HYGIENE IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

Peritonitis remains one of the most serious complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and a significant cause of transfer from the therapy. In peritonitis, analyses suggest that approximately 42% of episodes involve Staphylococcus species, organisms associated with touch contamination (1). To reduce the risk of touch contamination, patients are instructed on the importance of hand washing before performing a dialysis exchange. Hand washing to reduce the risk of infection has been advocated since the work of Semmelweis, who in 1847 proposed the use of chlorinated lime for hand hygiene (2). Maintenance of proper hand hygiene to reduce the risk of infection is a critical component of successful PD therapy. However, compliance with hand hygiene may be poor. In PD patients observed 6 months after initiation of dialysis, 51% were observed to wash their hands incorrectly (3). Hand hygiene practices are also noted to be poor in health care workers (4,5). Hand washing instructions given to patients may have significant variations. Little is known about the actual instructions given to patients on aspects of hand washing or alcohol hand rub techniques, such as method of washing, length of time, type of cleaning agent, and method of drying the hands, among others. The 2005 International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) update on PD-related infections recommendations states that “antibacterial soap and water are recommended by many centers” and suggests that if the water used to wash hands is thought to contain bacteria, an alcohol hand wash should be encouraged (6). The 2010 ISPD update of the recommendations does not discuss hand washing (7). In general, there appears to be scant discussion in the PD and related literature on hand washing techniques. This literature may be of interest to PD practitioners as they develop policies on exit-site care and exchange techniques. Are there certain ways of washing the hands that are more effective? If patients use soap, what types of soaps are recommended? If an alcohol gel is used, what preparations may be most effective? To address the foregoing issues, the existing and surprisingly rich science of hand washing is the subject of the present review. Studies of hand hygiene in health care workers provide the largest base of information from which evidence-based recommendations can be derived. The goal of our review was to expand on components of hand washing technique and to propose specific hand washing principles to the PD community.
STUDIES ON TECHNIQUES FOR THE XENIC AND ASEPTIC REARING OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH, RHYACIONIA BUOLIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

A preliminary study to define a laboratory diet on which to rear the larvae of Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) was made. The rearing vials were very important and gaseous exchange was essential for proper rearing and moisture levels. It was found that wheat germ appeared to contain essential components or balance of nutrients necessary for rearing this insect. Ascorbic acid also appeared to be an important component either for its nutritional value or as an antioxidant protecting other labile dietary components. It also appeared, because of the feeding habits of this insect and the length of its life cycle, that the larvae may have to be periodically transferred to new diet formulations to insure the presence of changing necessary nutrient(s). Aseptic rearing of the larvae seemed to be feasible. It was found that eggs, surface sterilized in 0.1% hypochlorite solution for 10–15 minutes, could be aseptically introduced into containers without appreciable decrease in egg hatch; however, sustained asepsis was difficult to maintain in the rearing vials employed.
Transforming behavioral specifications to facilitate synthesis of testable designs

Recently, several high level synthesis approaches have been proposed to synthesize testable data paths from behavioral specifications. This paper introduces a novel technique to transform behavioral specifications, such that an existing behavioral test synthesis system can generate area-efficient, testable designs with significantly lower partial scan overhead. Experimental results demonstrate the significant savings in partial scan overhead when the transformation is applied before using the behavioral test synthesis system to synthesize 100% test-efficient designs.
Sexual Violence Against Adolescent Girls Influences of Immigration and Acculturation

This study investigates associations between immigration and acculturation with sexual assault among a large, representative sample of high school girls. The analysis utilized data from the Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted in 1999, 2001, and 2003 (N = 5,919). Adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted among the full sample and a sexually active subsample. Being an immigrant was associated with recurring sexual assault victimization; this effect was not consistent across age and racial/ethnic groups. Immigrant status conferred risk among adolescent girls aged 15 and younger, Black adolescent girls, and sexually active Hispanic girls. No differences were detected in sexual assault victimization based on acculturation.
Deviations from uniform power law scaling in nonstationary time series

A classic problem in physics is the analysis of highly nonstationary time series that typically exhibit long-range correlations. Here we test the hypothesis that the scaling properties of the dynamics of healthy physiological systems are more stable than those of pathological systems by studying beat-to-beat fluctuations in the human heart rate. We develop techniques based on the Fano factor and Allan factor functions, as well as on detrended fluctuation analysis, for quantifying deviations from uniform power-law scaling in nonstationary time series. By analyzing extremely long data sets of up to N = 10(5) beats for 11 healthy subjects, we find that the fluctuations in the heart rate scale approximately uniformly over several temporal orders of magnitude. By contrast, we find that in data sets of comparable length for 14 subjects with heart disease, the fluctuations grow erratically, indicating a loss of scaling stability.
Artificial Selection and Environmental Change: Countervailing Factors Affecting the Timing of Spawning by Coho and Chinook Salmon

Abstract Spawning date is a crucial life history trait in fishes, linking parents to their offspring, and it is highly heritable in salmonid fishes. We examined the spawning dates of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and chinook salmon O. tshawytscha at the University of Washington (UW) Hatchery for trends over time. We then compared the spawning date patterns with the changing thermal regime of the Lake Washington basin and the spawning patterns of conspecifics at two nearby hatcheries. The mean spawning dates of both species have become earlier over the period of record at the UW Hatchery (since the 1950s for chinook salmon and the 1960s for coho salmon), apparently because of selection in the hatchery. Countering hatchery selection for earlier spawning are the increasingly warmer temperatures experienced by salmon migrating in freshwater to, and holding at, the hatchery. Spawning takes place even earlier at the Soos Creek Hatchery, the primary ancestral source of the UW populations, and at the Issaquah ...
A comparison of the crystal structures of eukaryotic and bacterial SSU ribosomal RNAs reveals common structural features in the hypervariable regions.

While the majority of the ribosomal RNA structure is conserved in the three major domains of life – archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, specific regions of the rRNA structure are unique to at least one of these three primary forms of life. In particular, the comparative secondary structure for the eukaryotic SSU rRNA contains several regions that are different from the analogous regions in the bacteria. Our detailed analysis of two recently determined eukaryotic 40S ribosomal crystal structures, Tetrahymena thermophila and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the comparison of these results with the bacterial Thermus thermophilus 30S ribosomal crystal structure: (1) revealed that the vast majority of the comparative structure model for the eukaryotic SSU rRNA is substantiated, including the secondary structure that is similar to both bacteria and archaea as well as specific for the eukaryotes, (2) resolved the secondary structure for regions of the eukaryotic SSU rRNA that were not determined with comparative methods, (3) identified eukaryotic helices that are equivalent to the bacterial helices in several of the hypervariable regions, (4) revealed that, while the coaxially stacked compound helix in the 540 region in the central domain maintains the constant length of 10 base pairs, its two constituent helices contain 5+5 bp rather than the 6+4 bp predicted with comparative analysis of archaeal and eukaryotic SSU rRNAs.
The Economics of Moral Values Policy Implications

This paper attempts to determine the extent to which the growing acceptance of deviant behaviors (sexual, sumptuary, and regarding abortion and euthanasia) is related to economic considerations and to draw out some of the attendant implications for health policy in light of notions of social justice. The analysis suggests that economic factors are very influential if not determining variables in this relationship and that they may conflict with "higher-order values" such as human dignity and respect for human life as bases for policy formulation, particularly with respect to the care of the elderly. Language: en
Rhythmic context modulates foreperiod effects

Two experiments examined hypotheses about the roles of probabilistic uncertainty and rhythmic context on attentional preparation as reflected by choice response times (RTs) to the final tone of auditory sequences. Nonisochronous sequences with tone timings either arranged metrically or scrambled were linked with one of three different sequence-final time intervals, or foreperiods (FPs), which varied randomly from trial to trial. Two primary results emerged. First, RTs were faster to target tones ending metrical rhythms than to targets ending scrambled rhythms. Second, metrical contexts elicited RTs that increased with FP duration, whereas scrambled contexts elicited RTs that often decreased with FP duration, despite equivalent variability of time intervals in metrical and scrambled contexts. The results suggest that time relations implied by metrical rhythms systematically modulate preparatory responses to sequence-final FPs.
Wetland Enforcement: The Ultimate Discretionary Act

Both the Corps of Engineers and the EPA have enforcement authority under the Clean Water Act. If you illegally fill in a wetland or violate the conditions of your section 404 permit, you could have to pay thousands of dollars in administrative penalties. Or the agencies could bring a civil action in federal court where you could be hit with even more in fines, potentially costing you millions. A court could order you to remove the offending structures (such as a house) and to restore the site. If your transgressions are bad enough, you might even face criminal sanctions, including prison time. The agencies have some heavy hammers that they can swing to protect wetlands and to force compliance with the law. But the decision about whether to pursue an enforcement action, and how heavy the hammer blow should be, is largely a matter of agency discretion. Despite the enforcement tools available, the agencies’ approach to enforcement is relatively gentle—which is as the regulated community likes it.
Über die fragwürdige Basis unseres Denkens

In diesem Kapitel lassen wir die Gedanken spielen und schweifen. Es wird deutlich, wie viele liebe Denkgewohnheiten wir haben. Wir haben die Voraussetzungen unseres Denkens vergessen, die in groser Zahl nur zeitbedingt gultig sind oder waren. Vieles stimmt einfach nicht mehr, auch wenn wir noch fest daran glauben. Und manches ist komplett unlogisch, was aber nichts bedeutet, weil wir es ja glauben mochten.
In the Shadows of a Diva: Committing Homosexuality in David Henry Hwang's "M. Butterfly.".

(1994). In the Shadows of a Diva: Committing Homosexuality in David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 93-116.
Induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin in paranasal sinus tumours

15542 Background: There is no standard treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of paranasal sinuses. Induction chemotherapy is frequently used to down stage the disease. Surgery, radiotherapy and ...
The Employment Problem in Korea

What Korea has is not an "unemployment problem" but rather an "employment problem." The employment problem includes continued high unemployment, but it goes well beyond it, also encompassing falling labor earnings, rising poverty and inequality, disproportionate impacts on disadvantaged groups, informalization of employment, increased job insecurity, and consequent social strains. This paper documents Korea's employment problem, characterizes the problem as deficient aggregate demand rather than frictional or structural unemployment, examines in some detail three of the most important elements of the social safety net (the Employment Insurance System, the Livelihood Protection Program, and public works), and considers four major ways of strengthening conditions in product markets and labor markets: stimulating macroeconomic growth, fighting unemployment and low earnings, improving the industrial relations climate, and establishing appropriate labor market flexibility.
Abstract 351: Mechano-sensitive Ppap2b Regulates Endothelial Responses to Athero-relevant Hemodynamic Forces

Rationale: PhosPhatidic-Acid-Phosphatase-type-2B (PPAP2B), an integral membrane protein that inactivates lysophosphatidic acid, was implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, it is unclear whether GWAS-identified CAD genes including PPAP2B participate in mechanotransduction mechanisms by which vascular endothelia respond to local athero-relevant blood flows that contribute to the regional nature of atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Reduced endothelial PPAP2B was detected in vivo in swine aortic arch exposed to chronic disturbed flow and in mouse carotid artery subjected to surgically-induced acute disturbed flow. In culture, elevated PPAP2B was measured in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) under athero-protective flow mimicking hemodynamics of human distal carotid artery when compared with athero-susceptible waveform representing flow in carotid sinus. Disturbed flow-induced miR-92a was identified as a direct posttranscriptional inhibitor of me...
Kupferhydrid‐katalysierte Hydroaminierung von Alkenen und Alkinen

In den vergangenen Jahren wurde die CuH-katalysierte Hydroaminierung entdeckt und als robuster und konzeptionell neuer Synthesezugang zu enantiomerenangereicherten sekundaren und tertiaren Aminen entwickelt. Der Erfolg auf diesem Gebiet wurde moglich durch zahlreiche fruhere Beispiele fur die Katalyse mit Kupfer(I)hydrid und die gut untersuchte Verwendung von Hydroxylaminestern als elektrophile Aminquellen in ahnlichen kupferkatalysierten Reaktionen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt Hintergrund, Fortschritte und mechanistische Untersuchungen der CuH-katalysierten Hydroaminierung.
Sex differences in the rate of abdominal adipose accrual during adulthood: the Fels Longitudinal Study.

Sex differences in the rate of abdominal adipose accrual during adulthood: the Fels Longitudinal Study
Root Pruning and Transplant Success for Cathedral Oak® Live Oaks

Trees that were root pruned regularly throughout the production period grew at a slower rate than trees that were not root pruned, but root pruning only in the last year of production did not af fect trunk and canopy growth. Trees with root-pruning fabric installed under liners at planting grew at the same rate as trees without fabric during 39 months of field production. Hand spade root pruning throughout the production period increased the number of small diameter (< 3 mm) roots and decreased the number of lar ge diameter roots in the root ball compared to trees that were not root pruned. Root pruning only in the last year of production reduced the number of lar ge diameter roots but did not increase the number of small diameter roots. Fabric had no impact on the root system. Root pruning with a hand spade throughout production or only in the last year of production reduced water stress significantly in trees following digging compared to trees not root pruned during production. Root-pruning fabric installed under liners at planting reduced stress following digging 39 months later, but only on two of the days when water stress was measured.
Rapid Infrared Characterization of Thermal Diffusivity in Continuous Fiber Ceramic Composite Components

Continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) are currently being developed for a variety of high-temperature applications, including use in advanced heat engines due to their relatively high strength and toughness at high temperatures and their relatively low density. In the development of these material systems, quantification of the mechanical and thermal properties is necessary. Furthermore, it is necessary to detect flaws and defects that may result in subsequent failure of the part. The need for this inspection is critical in evaluating material system performance and reliability. In most instances, due to the high cost associated with material manufacturing, the testing must be nondestructive.
Graceful Vertex Colorings

In Chap. 2 and 3, we described two edge colorings that give rise to two vertex colorings, one in terms of sets of colors and the other in terms of multisets. Now, in this chapter and the next, the situation is reversed, as we describe vertex colorings that give rise to edge colorings.
A global test for phylogenetic signal in shifts in flowering time under climate change

Summary Shifts in the timing of flowering are a conspicuous biological signal of climate change. These shifts have been documented across the globe for diverse communities. Although many species are flowering earlier, others have exhibited no shifts or delays in flowering. How species respond phenologically will shape interactions both with other community members and with the abiotic environment, altering fitness, abundance and ultimately persistence. To understand if variability in phenological response is influenced by evolutionary history, we tested for phylogenetic signal in shifts in flowering onset for 13 communities representing 116 families across the Northern Hemisphere. We compared the fit of models of neutral evolution (Brownian Motion) with models that incorporate selection (Ornstein–Uhlenbeck). We found significant signal in whether species had shifted and the magnitude of response, with both traits conforming to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model of trait evolution. Synthesis. These results show there is global phylogenetic signal in the direction and magnitude of shifts in flowering onset and indicate selection has shaped flowering time responses of related species under climate change; thus, environmentally determined optima may constrain whether and to what degree species respond phenologically to climate change. Our findings further demonstrate the value of testing for phylogenetic signal across multiple communities and comparing multiple models of trait evolution.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms within MicroRNAs, MicroRNA targets, and MicroRNA biogenesis genes and their impact on colorectal cancer survival.

We have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA (miRNA) genes, miRNA target genes, and miRNA biogenesis genes minimally contribute to colon cancer risk. It is possible that these SNPs alter survival. We analyzed 565 SNPs in or adjacent to microRNAs, target genes, or biogenesis genes, using 1,115 cases and 1,173 controls; 837 cases had survival information. We tested SNPs for associations with colorectal cancer (CRC) survival using a Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for age, study center, gender, AJCC disease stage, and MSI tumor status. Multiple comparison adjustments were made using the step-down Bonferroni correction. SNPs associated with survival (Praw < 0.05) also were assessed with messenger RNA (mRNA). Seven of the 565 SNPs analyzed were associated significantly with CRC survival after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Six of these increased risk of dying, and one, rs12140 (ADAMTS1) decreased risk of dying from CRC (HRR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.24, 0.83; PHolm = 0.011). Six SNPs altered colon cancer risk and five were associated with altered mRNA expression across genotypes. One SNP, rs2059691 (PRKRA), was associated with increased mRNA expression and worse survival, and one SNP, rs6598964 (LIN28A), decreased risk of developing colon cancer [OR = 0.77 95% CI (0.61, 0.98)] and increased risk of dying from CRC (HRR = 2.26 95% CI (1.52, 3.36). PHolm = 0.003). The few SNPs associated with CRC survival, colon cancer risk, or with mRNA expression, resided in genes that influence metastasis and angiogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A thread performance comparison: Windows NT and Solaris on a symmetric multiprocessor

Manufacturers now have the capability to build high performance multiprocessor machines with common PC components. This has created a new market of low cost multiprocessor machines. However, these machines are handicapped unless they have an operating system that can take advantage of their underlying architectures. Presented is a comparison of two such operating systems, Windows NT and Solaris. By focusing on their implementation of threads, we show each system's ability to exploit multiprocessors. We report our results and interpretations of several experiments that were used to compare the performance of each system. What emerges is a discussion on the performance impact of each implementation and its significance on various types of applications.
Matrix Profile III: The Matrix Profile Allows Visualization of Salient Subsequences in Massive Time Series

Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is one of the most versatile tools used for exploratory data mining. It allows a first glimpse of possible structure in the data, which can inform the choice of analyses used. Its uses are multiple. It can give the user an idea as to the clusterability or linear separability of the data. It can help spot outliers, or can hint at the intrinsic dimensionality of the data. Moreover, it can sometimes reveal unexpected latent dimensions in the data. With all these uses, MDS is increasingly used in areas as diverse as marketing, medicine, genetics, music and linguistics. One of the strengths of MDS is that it is essentially agnostic to data type, as we can use any distance measure to create the distance matrix, which is the only required input to the MDS algorithm. In spite of this generality, we make the following claim. MDS is not (well) defined for an increasingly important data type, time series subsequences. In this work we explain why this is the case, and we propose a scalable solution. We demonstrate the utility of our ideas on several diverse real-world datasets. At the core of our approach is a novel Minimum Description Length (MDL) subsequence extraction algorithm. Beyond MDS visualization, this subsequence extraction subroutine may be a useful tool in its own right.
Algunos problemas conceptuales en el estudio de los movimientos sociales

hacia el cambio por una mlasa descentralizada encabezada, de una manera no jerirquica, poil un actor social, han jugad(o un papel importante eni la historia reciente. Han sido, tambi6n, un topico importante de debate teorico. Despu6s de 1968, surgieron dos escuelas en Estados Unidos y en Europa, cada una proponiendo contribuciones particulares al amilisis de los movimientos sociales. Aunque estas dos escuelas, a partir de las nociones de cstrategia e idcelntidad, respectivamente, se han desarrollado en gran parte comno si fuesen enfoqlues rivales, es posible verlas corno contribuciones parciales y complementarilas a la teorizaci6n de un mismo fen6nemo. Este articulo, plies, presenta el argumento de que s6lo a trav6s de una sintesis de los elemeintos discutidos ein ambas escuclas es posible avanzar en el ainilisis de todas las dimensiones clave de los movimientos sociales. La necesidad de comnbinar las contribucionies de autores estadunidenses y curopeos es particularnlente critica para la comprensi6n de los desafios y dilemas asociados a la caracteristica orientacion hacia el cambio que define, en parte, a un movimiento social. Esta es probablemnente el 5rea de investigaci6n mis subcdesarrollada tie la teoria de los movinlientos sociales. Par-te del problema es que los movinmientos sociales contribuyen al cambio mediante sus incursiones en la arena polftico-institucional y a trav6s de sus elaboraciones de una estrategia politica; pero coino los estudiosos (le los movimientos sociales fieron atraidos originalmente a ellos porque, eii parte, eian vistos como alternativas a forinas mais convencionales de lhacer politica, ha sido poco lo quie se liha hecho para teorizar las conexiolies entre los nlovimientos socialcs y las instittuciones politicas nacionalles. Un problenla mrs profiundo, que ha emnergido cuanclo los enlaces entre los movitientos sociales y la politica mrs normal e institucionalizalda haln sido reconocidos, concierne a la incapacidad, tanto de los estadunidenses como cle los ellropeos, para conceptualizar esta dimensi6nl de los moviniientos sociales leintro (le los mnarcos te6ricos que ambos han elaborado. Este artlculo, pules, arguye que la forma en quie los movimientos sociales se constitiyein como desafios para las formnas convencionales de liacer politica, y que los dileinas asociacdos coii este papel, solamrente pueden ser explicados adecuadament e a trav6s de un mairco te6rico
Abstract C22: Race does not influence outcome in triple negative breast cancer

INTRODUCTION: While it is known that Black women are more likely to get triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which carries a poor prognosis, it is less clear whether race affects outcome in this subtype independent of other factors. We sought to determine, in a national database, the relative impact of race and socioeconomic status on overall survival in women diagnosed with TNBC. METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried to determine factors affecting overall survival of patients diagnosed with TNBC between 2004 and 2013. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were performed using SPSS Version 21. RESULTS: 64,839 patients with TNBC (excluding other malignancies) were included in the analysis. Median patient age was 57 (range; 19-90). Of these, 47,124 (72.7%) were white, and 14,541 (22.4%) were black. Black women were more likely to be uninsured (5.2% vs. 3.0%, p CONCLUSION: While black race is associated with higher stage and grade disease, longer time to treatment and lower socioeconomic status, when controlling for these factors, race does not independently affect overall survival in women with TNBC. Disparities in breast cancer outcomes in this population therefore appear to be mediated more by socioeconomic factors than by race alone. Citation Format: Shaunte Butler, Anees B. Chagpar. Race does not influence outcome in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C22.
Abstract 47: Loss of the Cardio Protection Inferred by S-nitrosylation of GRK2 At Cysteine 340 Leads to Decreased Cardiac Performance and a Hypertensive Phenotype With Aging

In the next 35 years, the global population of individuals above 60 years of age will double to approximately 2 billion. In the aged population, cardiovascular diseases are known to occur at a high...
Immunocytochemistry to Study Myogenesis in Zebrafish

During myogenesis, cells gradually transition from mesodermal precursors to myoblasts, myocytes, and then to muscle fibers. The molecular characterization of this process requires the ability to identify each of these cell types and the factors that regulate the transitions between them. The most versatile technique for assaying cell identities in situ is immunocytochemistry, because multiple independent molecular markers of differentiation can be assayed simultaneously. The zebrafish has developed into a popular model for the study of myogenesis, and immunocytochemical techniques have been critical. We have adapted existing protocols to optimize immunocytochemistry in zebrafish, and have tested many antibodies developed against mouse, chick, and frog muscle antigens for their cross-reactivity in zebrafish. Here, we present protocols for whole mount immunocytochemistry on both formaldehyde and Carnoy's fixed embryos as well as on sectioned zebrafish tissue. We include a table of antibodies useful for experiments on the molecular biology of myogenesis in zebrafish.
A Learning Model

I am not going to talk about several different models, although others will be referred to as I discuss the model I am most interested in. This particular model has been called elicitation theory, and it originated at Michigan State University in the early 1950’s. At that time it was an attempt to integrate the neobehavioristic theories of Hull, Guthrie, Skinner, and Tolman, plus the older ideas of Pavlov (Denny, 1966; Denny and Adelman, 1955).
A Review of Retention Models for STEM Majors and Their Alignment to Community Colleges

During the last decade, there have been numerous reports detailing the importance of increasing science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) majors in the United States. Simultaneously, an increasing number of studies are being developed to predict a student’s success and completion of a STEM degree, recognizing that retention is a significant issue for STEM majors. A majority of the studies focus on traditional college students that attend college directly after high school, which is no longer the model of the majority of college students. A growing number of students delay entry into college and do not enter through traditional routes. One of the growing entry points for STEM students is the community college or two-year institution. These institutions have grown in popularity due to tuition increases and lack of preparedness for traditional selective universities. As the need for more STEM majors and a diverse workforce increases, more research should be directed towards this growing pool of students. Retention models should investigate unique retention causation factors more thoroughly to address these STEM students and this pipeline. This research provides a systematic review of the literature on retention models for STEM education and provides a discussion of future opportunities to align predictive models with community colleges.
Human Nocturnal Epilepsy

Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is a seizure disorder sometimes difficult to diagnose because the seizures occur predominantly or exclusively during night time sleep. They are often misdiagnosed as parasomnia. Parasomnias are a group of abnormal, undesirable motor, verbal, and/or experiential phenomenon. These include night terrors, sleep walking, teeth grinding, rhythmic movements, etc. Parasomnias will be examined later in this chapter because it is essential to distinguish between these sleep (psychiatric) disorders and highly treatable nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy.