cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Microsomal Enzyme Induction, β-Oxidation, and Cell Proliferation Following Administration of Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil, or Bezafibrate in the CD Rat

Male and female CD rats were administered one of two dose levels of clofibrate, gemfibrozil, or bezafibrate daily by oral gavage for a period of 14 days in order to establish an empirical data base using the Charles River CD rat with a single class of drugs against which the potency of novel proprietary compounds could be compared. Subsequent gross examination of the liver indicated significant and dose-related increases in relative and absolute liver weights in males following clofibrate and gemfibrozil. In females, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly elevated to a similar degree with either dose of gemfibrozil, and absolute liver weights were higher in clofibrate-dosed animals. Bezafibrate had no effect on female liver weights. Clofibrate and gemfibrozil increased hepatic palmitoyl CoA beta-oxidation in both sexes; however, clofibrate had the greater effect in males and gemfibrozil had the least effect in females. Bezafibrate treatment resulted in a very pronounced elevation of palmitoyl CoA beta-oxidation in the males but had no similar effect in the females. Concurrent ELISA analysis for cytochrome CYP4A revealed very good correspondence between beta-oxidation and cytochrome induction for each of the three compounds in males, but other cytochromes were not greatly affected, except CYP1A1 which was elevated in bezafibrate-dosed females. For males, further analysis for markers of cellular proliferation, namely cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), indicated dose-related increases for both with clofibrate, increases at the high dose for gemfibrozil, and, for PCNA, a dose-related increase for bezafibrate. In females, both markers for cell proliferation showed either slight or no increases following any of the three drug treatments. These results demonstrate clear sex-dependent differences in terms of relative potency in the hepatic response of the Sprague-Dawley-derived rat to these peroxisome proliferators. Bezafibrate is most potent and gemfibrozil is least potent in stimulating peroxisome-associated beta-oxidation and cytochrome P450 4A induction in the males. Even though gemfibrozil significantly increased liver weights, beta-oxidation and cytochrome P450 4A in the females increased only after clofibrate treatment, although to a lesser degree than in the males administered the same dose. Similar sex-related differences were observed for cell proliferation. In conclusion, sex-related differences were noted in the potency to stimulate acyl Co-A oxidation, its association with hepatomegaly, and the stimulation of cell proliferation, but CYP4A induction always accompanied any substantial drug-dependent increases in beta-oxidation.
Complications of Chemical Peeling

In spite of controlled wounding with chemical peeling agents, complications may occur, resulting in patient and physician dissatisfaction. Precautions and factors causing these complications are examined, and relative contraindications to chemical peeling are discussed.
THz frequency dynamics of network/guest atom systems: Liquid water, clathrates, and network glasses

Network/guest atom systems show peculiar dynamic behaviors at THz frequency region such as the plateau of thermal conductivities and the broad band spectra called the Boson peak. These are commonly realized in network/guest atom systems such as glasses, clathrates and even for liquid water. Though the phenomena are universal, there is no consistent view to explain these on the same basis. This paper, pointing out similar behaviors for these different systems, tries to present a unified view for these peculiar dynamics.
Idle Rights: Employees' Rights Consciousness and the Construction of Sexual Harassment Policies

This article analyzes women's legal consciousness in responding to unwanted sexual attention in the workplace. By focusing on a particular social problem, this study is situated in the particular legal domain of sexual harassment laws and in a specific organizational context. Taking the perspective of the intended beneficiaries of sexual harassment policies and procedures—women with complaints about sexual conduct in the workplace—I show that the implementation of grievance procedures creates powerful obstacles to women's efforts to assert those rights. Moreover, the practices implementing the policies can alter the very definition of sexual harassment in that setting. Thus, in enacting grievance procedures, women and supervisors construct a legality in particular workplaces that offers only limited protection for women's rights.
Evaluation of partial discharge resistance of polypropylene with clay nanocomposites

Literature indicates that introduction of Nano fillers into PP films will improve its electrical characteristics, such as the PD resistance, breakdown strength and loss factor [1-2]. Some dielectric properties of Nano filled polymers have shown remarkable improvements such as permittivity and space charge accumulation [3]. This research work investigates the effect of Nano fillers content on the PD resistance of the polypropylene films with 0%, 2% and 6% organoclay Nano fillers. In practice, since both internal and surface discharges occur, the effective ageing is analyzed through Time Series Analysis of the Weibull scale (α) and shape (β) PD parameters. The intent is to develop an algorithm that will be able to forecast the future state of the Sample based on the current data obtained through aging.
Geometrically restricted ultrathin (20-nm) film of cyclohexane: A metastable phase.

We present experimental evidence that when the dimensions of cyclohexane films are finite a new metastable phase is manifested. This was ascertained from comparative infrared measurements at 90T300 K on three different-sized films of cyclohexane, i.e., 20 nm, 126 nm, and 12 \ensuremath{\mu}m, geometrically restricted in ZnSe cylinders.
International European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines on severe asthma

From the authors: We thank J. Bousquet and colleagues for their concerns regarding exclusion of “untreated asthma” as a form of severe asthma, with respect to the recently published international European Respiratory Society (ERS)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines on severe asthma [1]. We do recognise this category of untreated asthma and agree that untreated asthma may result in serious exacerbations of disease and death, an issue that is not confined to developing countries alone. Indeed, everywhere in the world, untreated asthma can result from lack of access to medical care but can also result not only from nonadherence to therapy or of inadequately treated asthma. As emphasised in the ERS/ATS guideline definitions, these issues …
Mediators of the relationship between religiousness/spirituality and alcohol problems in an adult community sample

Abstract Johnson et al. (2008b) reported that, in a college student sample, the effect of religiousness on alcohol use was mediated by negative beliefs about alcohol, social influences, and spiritual well-being, and that these variables in turn impacted alcohol use and problems both directly and indirectly via motives for drinking. This study attempted to replicate those findings in a sample of community dwelling adults (N = 211). The effect of Religious/Spiritual Involvement was mediated by Negative Beliefs about Alcohol, Social Modeling, and Spiritual-Well-Being. However, Social Modeling had stronger relationships with motives for drinking and alcohol consumption than the other two mediators. The effect of Religious Struggle on Alcohol Problems was mediated by Spiritual Well-Being and coping motives for drinking. Results provide further support for the motivational model of alcohol use and suggest plausible mechanisms by which religiousness could causally impact alcohol use and problems. Religious struggle may be a clinically significant correlate of alcohol problems.
Determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in fresh water fish

Abstract Validated sample preparation procedures and high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry techniques were utilized for the quantitative measurement of 4 to 695 pg/g (ppt) levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCDD) in the edible portions of fish from the state of Michigan. The methodology and the analytical results are presented.
Class of scalar-field soliton solutions in three space dimensions

A class of three-space-dimensional soliton solutions is given; these solitons are made of scalar fields and are of a nontopological nature. The necessary conditions for having such soliton solutions are (I) the conservation of an additive quantum number, say Q, and (II) the presence of a neutral (Q = 0) scalar field. It is shown that there exist two critical values of the additive quantum number, Q/sub C/ and Q/sub S/, with Q/sub C/ smaller than Q/sub S/. Soliton solutions exist for Q > Q/sub C/. When Q > Q/sub S/, the lowest soliton mass is Qm; never and Q/sub S/, the soliton mass is > Qm; nevertheless, the lowest-energy soliton solution can be shown to be always classically stable, though quantum-mechanically metastable. The canonical quantization procedures are carried out. General theorems on stability are established, and specific numerical results of the soliton solutions are given. (AIP)
Development of splenic reticuloendothelial function in neonates

A N v M B E n of studies have suggested tha( there may be a state of relative hypofunction of the spleen in newborn infants. Most of these studies have been based on morphologic examination of the circulating red ceils for the presence of intraerythroeytic particles such as HowellJolly and Heinz bodies. Such inclusions are relatively infrequent, and it is impossible to assess degree of splenic activity using these as morphologic criteria. When examined by the technique of interference phase contrast microscopy (Nomarski optics), many of the circulating RBC of asplenic patients demonstrate surface indentations or "pocks." This technique has been used to estimate variable degrees of splenic function in a semiquantitative manner in individuals with splenosis' and sickle cell anemia? Holroyde et aF' noted that many of the red cells of normal newborn infants are "pocked," suggesting a degree of reticuloendothelial dysfunction. Even more pocked cells were found in premature infants. We have used this method to assess developmental changes in splenic reticuloendothelia! activity as related to gestational age in a large group of newborn infants, and in a number of second trimester fetuses.
Selective edta titration of gallium or aluminium in the presence of other metals.

Abstract The selective determination of aluminium or gallium by EDTA titration is reported. Gallium or aluminium is titrated together with other multivalent ions with EDTA at pH 3–7 and then the pH is raised above 10.5. Aluminates or galliumates are formed with the consequent release of EDTA from the EDTA complexes. The released EDTA is titrated with lead solution using Xylenol Orange as an indicator and with copper using photometric detection of the end-point, for the determination of gallium and aluminium respectively. The theoretical basis of the procedure is discussed.
Inheritance and QTL mapping of Fusarium wilt race 4 resistance in cotton.

Diseases such as Fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (FOV) Atk. Sny & Hans] represent expanding threats to cotton production. Integrating disease resistance into high-yielding, high-fiber quality cotton (Gossypium spp.) cultivars is one of the most important objectives in cotton breeding programs worldwide. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of gene action in cotton governing FOV race 4 resistance by combining conventional inheritance and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping with molecular markers. A set of diverse cotton populations was generated from crosses encompassing multiple genetic backgrounds. FOV race 4 resistance was investigated using seven parents and their derived populations: three intraspecific (G. hirsutum × G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense × G. barbadense L.) F1 and F2; five interspecific (G. hirsutum × G. barbadense) F1 and F2; and one RIL. Parents and populations were evaluated for disease severity index (DSI) of leaves, and vascular stem and root staining (VRS) in four greenhouse and two field experiments. Initially, a single resistance gene (Fov4) model was observed in F2 populations based on inheritance of phenotypes. This single Fov4 gene had a major dominant gene action and conferred resistance to FOV race 4 in Pima-S6. The Fov4 gene appears to be located near a genome region on chromosome 14 marked with a QTL Fov4-C141, which made the biggest contribution to the FOV race 4 resistance of the generated F2 progeny. Additional genetic and QTL analyses also identified a set of 11 SSR markers that indicated the involvement of more than one gene and gene interactions across six linkage groups/chromosomes (3, 6, 8, 14, 17, and 25) in the inheritance of FOV race 4 resistance. QTLs detected with minor effects in these populations explained 5–19 % of the DSI or VRS variation. Identified SSR markers for the resistance QTLs with major and minor effects will facilitate for the first time marker-assisted selection for the introgression of FOV race 4 resistance into elite cultivars during the breeding process.
EVENTS SURROUNDING THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF EUGLENA CHLOROPLASTS—XI PROTOCHLOROPHYLL(IDE) AND ITS PHOTOCONVERSION*

— The small amounts of chlorophyll precursors in dark-grown cells of Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris Pringsheim and the presence of contaminants which interfere with their purification have made their isolation and characterization difficult. We now extract cells with acetone: 0.1 M NH4OH (9:1 v/v). Protochlorophyll is obtained by extracting this solution with petroleum ether (30–50° b.p.) and extracting this petroleum ether fraction with 80% acetone to remove substances which interfere with subsequent chromatography. Protochlorophyllide remaining in the original acetone: NH4OH fraction is extractable into diethyl ether after adjusting the pH to approximately 5.5. Both pigments are verified and further purified by chromatography on Whatmann 3 MM paper using benzene:petroleum ether:acetone (30:10:1) or cellulose MN 300 thin layers with methanol:methylene chloride:water (100:18:20). These pigments resemble their well-described barley counterparts in solubility properties, spectral absorption maxima in ether (432, 530, 571 and 623 nm) and chromatographic behavior. Substantial amounts of protopheophytin and protopheophoribide are also found along with the Mg2+— containing pigments in cell extracts even when precautions are taken to avoid loss of Mg2+ during extractions and purification. Using heated cells before and chilled solvents after illumination to preclude enzymatic modification of pigments, chlorophyll and very small amounts of chlorophyllide are found as products of the photo-conversion of the protopigments suggesting that both protochlorophyll and, to a much smaller extent, protochlorophyllide are photoconvertible in these organisms. These properties join several others which suggest that the Euglena chorophyll-forming system more closely resembles that found in young bean leaves rather than the chlorophyll-forming system of the older leaf material usually studied.
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) binding-mediated induction of human γ-globin gene expression

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) can bind to homopurine/ homopyrimidine sequences of double-stranded DNA targets in a sequence-specific manner and form [PNA]2/DNA triplexes with single-stranded DNA D-loop structures at the PNA binding sites. These D-loop structures have been found to have a capacity to initiate transcription in vitro. If this strategy can be used to induce transcription of endogenous genes, it may provide a novel approach for gene therapy of many human diseases. Human β globin disorders such as sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia are very common genetic diseases that are caused by mutations in the β β β β-globin gene. When γ-globin genes are highly expressed in sickle cell patients, the presence of high levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) can compensate for the defective β-globin gene product and such patients have much improved symptoms or are free of disease. However, the γ-globin genes are developmentally regulated and normally expressed at very low levels (>1%) in adult blood cells. We have investigated the possibility of inducing γ-globin gene expression with PNAs. Using PNAs designed to bind to the 5' flanking region of the γ γ γ γ-globin gene, induction of expression of a reporter gene construct was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, PNA-mediated induction of endogenous γ-globin gene expression was also demonstrated in K562 human erythroleukemia cells. This result suggests that induction of γ γ γ γ-globin gene expression with PNAs might provide a new approach for the treatment of sickle cell disease. PNA-induced gene expression strategy also may have implications in gene therapy of other diseases such as genetic diseases, cancer and infectious diseases.
Identification and Measurement of Maladaptive Behaviors in Preschool Children: Movement Toward a Preventive Model of Care

TOPIC. The early identification and intervention of maladaptive behaviors in preschool children as a precedent to the prevention of psychiatric disorders across the life span. PURPOSE. To inform clinicians of maladaptive behaviors in the preschool population and the current diagnostic classifications used. SOURCES. A developmental psychopathology perspective. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Diagnostic Classification: 0-3, and the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3 classification systems. CONCLUSIONS. Initial evidence indicates that maladaptive behaviors in preschool children can be predictive of later psychopathology. Further research is needed to refine and test the classification systems presented in order to identify and interuene with at-risk preschool children.
HRTEM study of a Cu/Al2O3 interface

Abstract The interface between Cu and faceted particles of a cubic Al2O3 phase in an internally oxidized CuAl alloy was studied by HRTEM. Image simulations indicate that the Al2O3 precipitates have a highly disordered spinel-type structure. The precipitates grow by ledge migration and possess internal defects, mainly coherent twin boundaries and stacking faults. At the Cu/Al2O3 interface, two orientation relationships were observed: ‘parallel topotaxy’ and ‘twin topotaxy’. The interface was always parallel to {111} planes of the Al2O3. No localized misfit dislocations were observed either by HRTEM or by weak beam dark field electron microscopy. The atomistic configuration at the interface is well described by a rigid lattice model assuming that a partially occupied oxygen layer terminates the Al2O3.
Nonhydrostatic Model for Surf Zone Simulation

A previously developed model for nonhydrostatic free surface flow is adapted to simulate breaking waves in the surf zone. The model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in a fraction step manner with the pressure split into hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic components. The hydrostatic equations are first solved with an approximate Riemann solver. This approach is particularly well suited for simulating discontinuous flow associated with breaking waves because the model prediction converges to the classical solution for a turbulent bore, which closely resembles breaking waves in the surf zone. The hydrostatic solution is then corrected by including the nonhydrostatic pressure. The model uses a sigma coordinate discretization in the vertical direction, which has been previously demonstrated to yield significant truncation errors with highly skewed grids over large bottom slopes. This potential problem is investigated in the context of highly skewed (but transient) grids that occur with steep br...
Effects of Negative Buoyancy on the Behavior of the Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque

Abstract The influence of induced negative buoyancy on depth distribution, pectoral fin movements, and gas secretion was observed for bluegills of ca. 130 g weight. Negative buoyancy was induced by inserting small weights (excess mass = 2.76 g) into the fish's stomach. Sham handled and minimally handled fish were compared with weighted fish. Initially weighted fish sank to the bottom and in a 160-cm deep tank, most remained there for 4 hr; in a 45-cm deep aquarium, most fish left the bottom in 1.5 hr. Pectoral fin movements (median number/min) of fish hovering in midwater increased from 48 to 104 when weights were added. As fish regained neutral buoyancy by gas secretion, time spent on the bottom and pectoral fin movements returned to pretreatment levels. Gas was secreted to the gas bladder of weighted fish at a maximum rate of approximately 0.1 ml/kg of fish/min at 21 C, such that fish in 30-cm deep aquaria could regain neutral buoyancy within 300 min after weight injection. The influence of induced nega...
Regulation of Chk1 by Its C-terminal Domain

Chk1 is a protein kinase that is the effector molecule in the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. Chk1 homologues have an N-terminal kinase domain, and a C-terminal domain of ∼200 amino acids that contains a...
Speech Intelligibility in Severe Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia.

This study compared speech intelligibility in nondisabled speakers and speakers with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) before and after botulinum toxin (Botox) injection. Standard speech samples ...
Role of the RNA recognition motif of the E1B 55 kDa protein in the adenovirus type 5 infectious cycle

Although the adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) E1B 55 kDa protein can bind to RNA in vitro, no UV-light-induced crosslinking of this E1B protein to RNA could be detected in infected cells, under conditions in which RNA binding by a known viral RNA-binding protein (the L4 100 kDa protein) was observed readily. Substitution mutations, including substitutions reported to inhibit RNA binding in vitro, did not impair synthesis of viral early or late proteins or alter significantly the efficiency of viral replication in transformed or normal human cells. However, substitutions of conserved residues in the C-terminal segment of an RNA recognition motif specifically inhibited degradation of Mre11. We conclude that, if the E1B 55 kDa protein binds to RNA in infected cells in the same manner as in in vitro assays, this activity is not required for such well established functions as induction of selective export of viral late mRNAs.
Open Access Intelligence

The Journal of Intelligence is a journal devoted to the study of human intelligence. Intelligence is a remarkable and highly intriguing phenomenon, and a core feature of our being humans. Understanding our intelligence is a major part of understanding ourselves. Human intelligence is studied from many perspectives and for different purposes. The basic issues in this study can be organized as follows: where does intelligence come from, what is it, what are its correlates and consequences? [...]
Measuring soil properties to predict tractive performance of an agricultural drive tire

Abstract The coefficient of traction for a 9.5–16 R-1 bias ply tire was measured and compared with predictions using equations developed by Janosi and Hanamoto [Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Mechanics, p. 707–736 (1961)]; Wismer and Luth [J. Terramechanics10, 49–61 (1973)] Gee-Clough et al. [J. Terramechanics15, 81–84 (1978)] and Brixius [ASAE Paper No. 87–1622 (1987)]. For the soft soil condition, with a cone index of 120 kPa, Gee-Clough's equation predicted the coefficient of traction better, but predictions using the Brixius equation were better for soil with a cone index of 225 kPa. An experimental device was developed to simultaneously measure the horizontal and vertical stress-strain relationships of soil. The use of resultant stress from the experimental device data failed to show any improvement in coefficient of traction prediction over using the cone index. The resultant of the normal and shear stress from the experimental device data did not adequately represent the soil properties involved in terrain-vehicle mechanics.
Burning of strange quark matter and transport properties of QCD plasmas

Abstract We derive the transport equations and the relevant transport coefficients for the burning of neutron matter into strange quark matter and solve the burning problem analytically for barely flammable neutron matter.
Hemispheric processing of sarcastic text

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that certain types of figurative language, such as conventional metaphors or idioms, may have a left hemisphere processing advantage or are processed similarly in both hemispheres. Sarcasm, however, is likely processed differently than other types of figurative language in the hemispheres because readers often need to construct a novel interpretation of sarcastic text to successfully understand the text’s sarcastic meaning. To investigate how the hemispheres process sarcasm during text comprehension, participants in the current study read sarcastic, literal, and neutral texts and made lexical decisions to related target words presented to either the left visual field-right hemisphere or the right visual field-left hemisphere. Facilitation for sarcastic texts was greater in the right hemisphere than the left hemisphere. In addition, facilitation was greater for literal texts than sarcastic texts in the left hemisphere. These findings suggest that the right hemisphere may play a unique role when readers encounter sarcasm during text comprehension.
Risk factors for steroid response among cataract patients

Purpose To evaluate the age and ocular axial length (AL) of topical steroid responders after uneventful cataract surgery. Setting Private practice, Los Altos, California, USA. Design Case-control study. Methods This retrospective chart review comprised consecutive patients from a single-surgeon practice who had cataract surgery during a 2-year period. All patients routinely received topical prednisolone acetate 1.0% postoperatively. In addition to AL and patient age, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded preoperatively, 1 day postoperatively, and at least 1 additional time in the first postoperative month while the patient was taking a topical corticosteroid agent. A steroid response was defined as an IOP increase greater than 25% while on topical prednisolone (minimum 28 mm Hg) followed by a decrease of more than 25% after topical prednisolone was discontinued. The age and AL were compared between steroid responders with nonresponders. Results Of the 1642 patients, 39 were diagnosed as steroid responders. Younger age and a longer AL were associated with a higher risk for steroid response, particularly in patients younger than 65 years with an AL of at least 29.0 mm. These patients had a 39-fold increased risk for an IOP higher than 28 mm Hg and a 35-fold increased risk for an IOP higher than 35 mm Hg than patients older than 65 years with a normal AL. Conclusion Younger patients with high myopia had a higher risk for a postoperative steroid response after uneventful cataract surgery and may require more frequent IOP monitoring or alternative topical antiinflammatory medications. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Brain-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with central nervous system involvement.

Abstract Lymphocytotoxic activity was measured in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the relationship between that activity and the presence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement was assessed. Lymphocytotoxicity was determined in a dye exclusion microcytotoxicity assay without knowledge of the patient's clinical status. Lymphocytotoxic activity was detected in 10 21 SLE patients. The lymphocytotoxicity was complement dependent, neutralized by anti-immunoglobulin antiserum, and absorbed by normal human brain tissue. CNS involvement was diagnosed in 11 patients, 8 of whom had CSF lymphocytotoxicity. The presence of brain-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibody in CSF correlated with the clinical presence of CNS manifestations (χ2 = 3.82, p
T-dependent suppression of the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.

Abstract Mice infected for 20 days with the parasitic mematode Trichinella spiralis had significantly reduced numbers of splenic antibody-forming cells (AFC) and decreased serum hemagglutinin titers following intraperitoneal immunization with sheep erythrocytes (SE). Similarly, when immunized in vitro to SE, cultures of splenocytes from infected mice developed fewer AFC than cultures of normal cells. Splenocytes from infected mice actively suppressed the in vitro response of normal cells to SE, and this in vitro suppression was abolished by lysis with anti-thy 1 antiserum and enhanced by lysis with anti-immunoglobulin antiserum. The addition of supernatant fluids from cultures of splenocytes from infected mice to cultures of normal cells on Day 0 of culture reduced by 70% the number of AFC produced by these cultures. These results indicate the presence of T-suppressor cells and suggest that antigen-induced suppression (antigenic competition) is one mechanism of Trichinella -induced suppression.
Chindia: Does Culture Matter in Hindu and Confucian Economies?

Abstract China and India (Chindia) have begun in recent years to enjoy growing measures of economic success, reversing centuries of structural poverty and negligible rates of economic growth. This article examines the influence of varying cultural propensities—Hinduism in India and Confucianism in China—and their impact on each country's economic turnaround. It discusses the historical circumstances that shaped Chindia's perspectives on foreign direct investment and how external forces contributed to domestic policy-making. It also addresses three ways in which culture can affect economy and two major events that cemented the direction of Chindian economic growth. Finally, the paper presents a comparative analysis of China and India and their respective impact of culture on development. It asserts that the forces of culture and its historical development do matter, especially when it comes for a nation to reverse its deprived and stagnated situation and to achieve a status of economic powerhouse.
Goblet cell fine structure.

Although the role of the goblet cell in mucous secretion has been known since 1837, the actual process by which mucous is formed by the cell still is open to question. There is a known proliferation of the Golgi membranes during the early formation of mucous within peripheral Golgi vacuoles. However, there also is a concomitant proliferation of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum which contains an electron dense material within the lamellae. It is suggested that the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes a protein moiety which is transported to the Golgi apparatus. There the protein is combined with acid mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins, that are synthesized by the Golgi apparatus, to form the mucous droplets visible in the electron microscope. Examination of intestinal goblet cells of man, rat, and guinea pig, after stimulation of the cells to evacuate their mucous, also reveals a basic fine structure that clearly is distinguishable from the fine structure of columnar absorbing cells.
Teaching Methods and Course Content to Counteract the Tendency to Postpone Unprogrammed Problems

Business graduates have frequently been criticized on the grounds that so much of their training has focused on solving programmed problems that they are often averse to and poorly prepared for the unprogrammed problems they face in the work place environment. This study examined two research questions: Does students' aversion to unprogrammed problems increase as they move through the business curriculum? and Can their preference for programmed problems be reduced by providing appropriately designed training for dealing with unprogrammed problems in the core organizational behavior and business strategy courses? Based on data from the 354 undergraduate students in six experimental and two control groups in the current study, the answer to both questions appears to be yes. Implications for management education are also discussed.
EVALUATION OF THE HOME ENVIRONMENT USING A SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE

A study was conducted to develop a brief self-administered questionnaire based on Caldwell's Home Observation for Measures of the Environment (HOME). Previous studies have demonstrated prediction of children's school performance based on home environment (SES) as well as developmental status. The Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ) could be useful as a screening device for identifying home environments that may be detrimental to early development. Drawing items from two forms of the HOME, two corresponding forms of the HSQ were developed. 180 subjects drawn from private physicians offices (high SES) and public health clinics (low SES) completed the HSQ. Subsequently two examiners conducted Caldwell's interview in each of the subject's homes. Correlations between HOME and HSQ were significant for both Form 0-3 and 3-6, ranging from .42 to .77 (p < .01). Mean scores on the HSQ and HOME were higher in the private sample than in the clinic sample for all age groups. The distribution for the clinic samples, ages 0-3 years, was bi-modal, the lower tail identifying a high risk group for the low SES families. The distribution of scores for the clinic sample was lower than the private sample for both age groups (0-3 and 3-6). Previous studies have shown the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) to have predictive validity for later school performance. The predictive power of the DDST could be increased if used in conjunction with the HSQ, for children under 6, to predict school performance and to identify cases where intervention might improve school performance.
Issues On Coupling In Knowledge-Based Systems

This paper addresses the issue of coupling in a knowledge-based computer vision system for 3-D polyhederal object recognition. A typical vision system is fairly complex in which both domain-independent and domain dependent knowledge are used during the course of problem solving. Both sources of knowledge interact in a very complicated manner during the course of problem solving. This paper incorporates a complete study of the 3-D object recognition problem and highlights certain important aspects such as (1) Coupling of symbolic and numerical knowledge (2) Evidential reasoning (3) Distributed belief evaluation and propagation. (4) Learning and adaptation.
Semi-classical derivation of charge-quantization through charge-field self-interaction-I

A semi-classical synthesis of classical mechanics, wave mechanics, and special relativity yields a unique nonlinear energy-wave structure of relations (velocity triaduv=c2) fundamental to modern physics. Through the above vehicle, using Maxwell's equations, charge quantization and the fine structure constant are derived. It is shown that the numerical value of the nonlinear charge-field self-interaction range for the electron is of the order of 10−13 m, which is greater than the classical electron radius but less than the Compton wavelength of the electron. Finally, it is suggested that the structure of the electron-in-space is expressed by a self-extending nonlinear «fractal geometry» based on derived numerical values obtained from our model, thus opening this presentation of charge-field structure to experimental testing for possible verification.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: bacteriologic, immunologic, and clinical responses of cattle to experimental exposure with Moraxella bovis.

Abstract The bacteriologic, immunologic, and clinical responses of 3- to 4-month old Holstein-Friesian calves to experimental exposure with Moraxella bovis type 10900 has been investigated. After u.v. radiation and intraconjunctival exposure with 1.9 × 10 7 microorganisms, each eye of 16 calves exhibited signs of blepharospasm, photophobia, and increased lacrimation. Bacteria were recovered from exposed eyes for 2–7 consecutive weeks before maximal clinical response occurred. The severity of the cases varied from eyes that exhibited mild signs to severe clinical cases with profuse lacrimation, conjunctival swelling, corneal opacity, and ulceration. By 70 days after exposure, M. bovis could not be recovered from any conjunctival swabs, and clinical signs were not observed. Four non-exposed control animals did not develop clinical signs nor was M. bovis recovered from conjunctival swabs. Lacrimal secretions collected at the time of and 1 week after maximal clinical response had significantly elevated levels of total protein as compared to those collected 3, 2, and 1 week before, and 2 and 3 weeks after maximal clinical response. A passive hemagglutination test, using tanned formalized sheep erythrocytes sensitized with M. bovis sonicate antigen, detected antibody in lacrimal secretions from 22 of 32 eyes. The appearance of specific antibody in lacrimal secretions correlated with the amelioration of clinical signs and the decline in numbers of M. bovis microorganisms recovered from conjunctival swabs.
Physiological relationship between a diapausing endoparasitoid (Ascogaster quadridentata) and its dormant host (Cydia pomonella)

The facultative diapause of Ascogaster quadridentata depends upon the photoperiod experienced by its host. A host exposed to short day lengths (12L:12D) ceases development in its fourth stadium, spins a cocoon, and remains dormant throughout the winter. A first stadium parasitoid larva overwinters in a true diapause, within its dormant host. Dormancy of both animals is due to a failure of the host's endocrine system. Upon transfer of the host from dormancy-maintaining (OL:24D, 4°C) to dormancy-terminating conditions (DTC = 16L:8D, 25°C) a host cephalic factor is released. The cephalic factor blocked by host ligation within 48 h of transfer to DTC was circumvented by an injection of the host with 20-hydroxyecdysone. Parasitoid larvae that were either isolated within the abdomen of 20-hydroxyecdysone-injected hosts or held in vitro with the molting hormone initiated apolysis. An increased titer of hemolymph juvenile hormone, which was present 48 h after the host was transferred to DTC, may have had a prothoracicotropic effect upon the host/parasitoid unit. A topical application of 1 ng of methoprene, concurrent to host transfer to DTC, accelerated parasitoid development. No parasitoid development was evident if the host was neck-ligated at the time of its methoprene treatment and transfer to DTC. These data suggest that the prothoracicotropic effect of methoprene was via the host head, rather than directly on the host prothoracic glands, or the parasitoid itself.
The separation of natural from synthetic gem-quality diamonds on the basis of crystal growth criteria

Abstract The commercial availability of gem-quality synthetic diamond products, and the renewed research interest in large crystals produced by high-pressure diamond synthesis, have made it necessary for the gem diamond trade to find simple ways to identify faceted synthetic diamonds. Using magnification, and various more sophisticated spectroscopic and ultraviolet or cathodoluminescence techniques, a number of gemological properties that are characteristic of synthetic diamonds have been found. These distinctive properties result from difference in growth processes between natural and synthetic diamonds. In particular, the presence of cubic growth sectors and absence of nitrogen aggregation in synthetic diamonds provide for some of their most characteristics features.
Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Mslq)

This paper reports on a new self-report, Likert-scaled instrument that was designed to assess motivation and use of learning strategies by college students. The motivation scales tap into three broad areas: (1) value (intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value), (2) expectancy (control beliefs about learning, self-efficacy); and (3) affect (test anxiety). The learning strategies section is comprised of nine scales which can be distinguished as cognitive, metacognitive, and resource management strategies. The cognitive strategies scales include (a) rehearsal, (b) elaboration, (c) organization, and (d) critical thinking. Metacognitive strategies are assessed by one large scale that includes planning, monitoring, and regulating strategies. Resource management strategies include (a) managing time and study environment; (b) effort management, (c) peer learning, and (d) help-seeking. Scale reliabilities are robust, and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated good factor structure. In addition, the i...
A conserved current for perturbations of Einstein-Maxwell space-times

Using the fact that the Einstein-Maxwell field equations arise from a Lagrangian variational principle, a closed 3-form associated with solutions of the perturbation equations is constructed. By dualizing with respect to the metric compatible volume element, a covariantly conserved current-known as the symplectic current -is obtained. A useful formula for the component of this current normal to a non-null hypersurface is found by 'pulling back' the 3-form to this hypersurface. This formula is then used to evaluate the symplectic current for axisymmetric, polar perturbations with harmonic time dependence of axisymmetric, static space-times. It is shown that this current reproduces the current found by Chandrasekhar & Ferrari. Conservation laws play an important role in the analysis of virtually all physical phenomena. In particular, in the analysis of the classical scattering of radiation, conservation laws typically enable one to obtain a general relation between the amplitudes of the incoming, reflected, and transmitted (or absorbed) radiation, which expresses the unitarity of the classical S-matrix. In most theories, a law of conservation of energy is readily available and can be utilized for this purpose. However, for scattering problems in general relativity involving gravitational radiation, no such energy conservation law is known in the exact theory. Although the energy flux of gravitational radiation is asymptotically well defined (i.e. at null infinity), there is no meaningful local expression for gravitational energy density or energy flux. Thus, for example, the flux of energy carried into a black hole by gravitational radiation is undefined, and, hence, in the exact theory there is no known conservation law for the scattering of gravitational radiation by a black hole. Nevertheless, in perturbation theory, some conservation laws for the scattering of radiation by black holes are known. Such laws have been obtained for the cases of the Schwarzschild, Kerr and Reissner-Nordstr6m black holes by reducing the perturbation problem by separation of variables to that of solving an ordinary differential equation. The constancy of the Wronskian of that equation then yields a flux conservation law which establishes the unitarity of the S-matrix (Chandresekhar 1983). For the Schwarzschild and Kerr space-times, an equivalent conservation law has been derived using the second-order Einstein tensor (Habisohn 1986), but no such alternative derivation has been given for the coupled gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations of the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. For the similarly coupled perturbations of the Kerr-Newman black hole - where a
Direct product-matrix method treatment of macromolecular binding

A major limitation of the well-known matrix method treatment of linear polymer systems is the large size of the transfer matrix required to account simultaneously for such factors as polymer conformation, polymer sequence, ligand binding, etc. This paper shows how to combine such factors by using a direct product of small matrices, one for each factor, to generate the large transfer matrix. The properties of the direct product operation can be used to simplify considerably the calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transfer matrix. This permits one to develop fairly simply the statistical thermodynamics of relatively complicated macromolecular binding systems involving a large number of states for the individual polymer sites. Applications include treatments of sequence-specific binding of ligands, sequence-specific conformational changes, and the combination of the two processes.
Canopy analysis on the relationships between leaf area index and productivity in lowland rice, Oryza sativa, L.

Different densities of populations were created under field conditions at two levels of N and canopy analysis was made with variety Sona on different growth parameters governing productivity. The relationships between leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter, grain yield and grain number were quadratic. LAI vs panicle number and grain number vs grain yield relationships were linear. The panicle number and grains per panicle are found to be compensatory for one another. The intercepting points of the two appear to be around 400 panicles per square metre with a grain range of 90–100 per panicle. re]19750228
Comparison of vibrational relaxation of 1Au glyoxal induced by very-low-energy collisions and by photodissociation of van der Waals complexes

Abstract We report a comparison of the energy redistributions accompanying very-low-energy collision-induced vibrational relaxation of 1 A u glyoxal, and photodissociation of the corresponding van der Waals complex.
Effects of five to seven days of sleep deprivation produced by electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation.

Abstract Most methods of sleep deprivation either induce stress or fail to totally eliminate sleep. In this study, sleep deprivation was produced by electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation. Seven cats were prepared for chronic recordings: Four animals received continuous stimulation, and five were stimulated intermittently. Electrographic data were collected continuously during 5–7 days of stimulation and for 48 hr thereafter. Behavioral and electrographic correlates of sleep were abolished by both methods of stimulation for 3 days. Although stimulation continued, behavioral signs of sleep appeared along with electrographic evidence of brief epochs of slow-wave sleep. Maintenance of wakefulness beyond 3 days became increasingly difficult and required frequent changes in the stimulus values. After the cessation of stimulation, there was a significant increase in total sleep in both groups for 48 hr, primarily at the expense of the drowsy state. The termination of continuous stimulation resulted in an initial rebound in slow-wave sleep and a later rebound in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The cessation of intermittent stimulation resulted in a large REM sleep rebound followed by a modest rebound in slow-wave sleep. These results, corroborated by data from previous studies, show that total sleep deprivation is attained by continuous stimulation; whereas REM deprivation is the main effect of intermittent stimulation.