cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lake Trout Movements in Northwestern Lake Michigan

Abstract We quantified the distance that lake trout Salvelinus namaycush moved in northwestern Lake Michigan and examined (1) the directional preference and (2) the effect of population density on movement. Lake trout were captured in spring and fall 1983–1996, tagged with Floy anchor tags, and recaptured during subsequent agency sampling and by commercial fishers and anglers during 1983–1997. Angler recaptures were used to quantify movements; these recaptures were standardized to 10,000 salmonid angler-hours (giving recaptures per effort (RPE)) to account for the spatial and temporal variation in recapture effort. Movement was inferred from the spatial and temporal differences in the distribution of RPE. The dispersal radius, an index of the area occupied by tagged lake trout, was defined as the area containing 90% of the total RPE. It was estimated by fitting the cumulative proportion of RPE versus distance from the tagging location to an exponential sigmoid model and using inverse prediction. We used l...
The Need for Care Coordination Among Children with Special Health Care Needs in Illinois

Objectives: The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the need for care coordination among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in Illinois, 2) to assess the need for care coordination among CSHCN in Illinois by sociodemographic, condition-related, and access to care factors, and 3) to discuss approaches for meeting the need for care coordination. Methods: The study included 745 Illinois families interviewed as part of the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey (SLAITS) of CSHCN. Classifying families of CSHCN as needing care coordination was based on three survey questions. The prevalence of the need for care coordination among CSHCN in Illinois was examined overall and by sociodemographic characteristics, descriptors of the child’s health condition, and measures of access to services. Multivariable modeling was carried out to jointly assess these factors and the need for care coordination. Results: In Illinois, 25.2% of CSHCN families reported a need for care coordination. Condition severity, need for supplementary/ancillary services, lack of insurance coverage and inadequate communication among providers were significantly associated with the need for care coordination (OR = 1.14, OR = 1.72, OR = 2.45, and OR = 3.08, respectively). Having a primary care provider/medical home was not associated with the need for care coordination in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Coordination of health services is important for all children and all adults, but it is particularly important for children with special health care needs. The variation in the need for care coordination both within and across states underscores the need for flexibility in program and policy development for CSHCN.
Intestinal epithelial cell regulation of mucosal inflammation.

The intestinal epithelium serves as one of human's primary interfaces with the outside world. This interface is very heavily colonized with bacteria and yet permits absorption of life-sustaining nutrients while protecting the tissues below from microbial on slaught. Although the gut epithelium had been classically thought to achieve this function primarily by functioning as a passive, albeit highly selective, barrier, research over the last decade has demonstrated that in fact the epithelium plays a very active role in protecting the host from the bacteria that colonize it. As a consequence of its mediation of mucosal immunity, intestinal epithelial dysfunction appears to be central to diseases associated with aberrant gut mucosal immune responses such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This article reviews: (1) how the gut epithelium participates in regulating innate immune inflammatory responses to enteric pathogens, (2) how these responses may regulate the adaptive immune system, (3) mechanisms that may resolve acute inflammation and (4) how epithelial dysfunction may participate in regulating both the active and chronic phases of IBD.
Differences in Precompetitive Mood States between Black-Belt Ranks:

Summary.-Several studies involving practitioners of Karate-Do have yielded significant differences on measures of personality and affect between successful and less successful competitors, and between belt ranks. This study examined differences between first degree black-belts and hlgher ranking black-belts in precompetitive affect. Analysis indicated that first degree black-belts were less experienced and scored higher on precompetitive anger-hostility than higher ranking black-belts. Differences between male and female competitors were also evident.
Ribosomal protein differences in a strain of E. coli carrying a suppressor of an ochre mutation.

Abstract In this paper we show that a strain of Escherichia coli harboring a suppressor of an “operator negative” mutation in the lactose ( lac ) operon has a different electrophoretic pattern of ribosomal proteins than that of the non-suppressor parent from which it was derived by single step mutation. It has previously been suggested that the basis of suppression may be the result of altered ribosome structure (1).
New Developments at NASA's Instrument Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory

NASA's Instrument Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory (ISAL) has developed new methods to provide an instrument study in one week's engineering time. The final product is recorded in oral presentations, models and the analyses which underlie the models.
Molecular Structure and Hydrogen Bonding in Polyhydrated Complexes of Adenine: A DFT Study

Molecular structures of complexes of adenine with 12, 13, 14, and 16 water molecules were calculated using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method. The location of water molecules on one side with respect to the...
Systems theory approach to conducting industrial marketing research

Abstract Two decades ago, leading marketing academicians called for the application of systems theory to marketing study (Fisk, 1967; Lazer and Kelly, 1962). Since then, few researchers have applied an open-systems level of analysis to the study of industrial marketing. While a few researchers have started moving in this direction (Spekman, 1977; Spekman and Stern, 1979), integration of open-systems concepts holds tremendous further potential as a research agenda in industrial marketing. The purpose here is to demonstrate how such an open-systems approach should and can be used in order to conduct productive research within the industrial- marketing setting. An empirical example of this approach is presented as well as the theoretical basis for the approach. This approach has considerable merit for basic or theory building, as well as for applied-research motive.
Stabilization and tuning of a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator

We present experimental results of frequency tuning and stabilization of a type-II phase-matched potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator. Four tuning elements were employed to control the stability and tuning of the parametric oscillator. Discrete frequency tuning of a nearly degenerate optical parametric oscillator over a range of ~3 THz was obtained by crystal angle tuning and cavity-length scanning. We achieved continuous frequency tuning over a 0.5-GHz range through the use of temperature and electro-optic tuning of the KTP crystal. Using these frequency-control techniques, we phase locked the signal–idler beat frequency to an external microwave frequency source, thus demonstrating tunable optical frequency division. The power spectral density of the residual phase noise of the phase-locked signal–idler beat note was measured to be 0.3mrad/Hz. Characteristics of two different cavity designs, their operations, tuning behavior, and stability issues are examined.
Uridine incorporation into the media and RNA of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells.

The incorporation of 3H-uridine into the media and RNA of rheumatoid synovial cell cultures, with and without pretreatment with 5-bromo-deoxyuridine (BUDR) and Actinomycin D, has been examined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation without providing evidence for the presence of an infectious agent within these cells.
Transition studies on an elliptic cone in Mach 8 flow using Filtered Rayleigh Scattering

Abstract Boundary layer transition on a sharp-nosed elliptic cone in a Mach 8 flow was experimentally investigated using CO 2 -enhanced Filtered Rayleigh Scattering. The 4 :1 elliptic cone was tested at Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.44×106 to 3.5×106 , based on free stream conditions and streamwise distance measured from the cone tip. Boundary layers ranging from fully laminar to late-transitional in character were imaged using single-shot streamwise, spanwise and planform laser orientations. Images taken of the early stages of transition reveal for the first time that transition begins with the emergence of small-scale structures near the centerline axis of the cone (minor axis), rather than in the outboard cross-flow region. The three-dimensional character of these structures is further explored by simultaneously imaging the planform and spanwise planes.
Molecular Simulations of the Polymerization of Silicic Acid Molecules and Network Formation

Polymerization of 216 silicic acid molecules, H 4 SiO 4 , has been studied using the molecular dynamics computer simulation technique. Multibody potentials which reproduce bulk and surface structures of silica and silicate glasses, as well as molecular configurations containing Si, O, and H ions, were used in the simulations. Results of the simulations are consistent with experimental data of sol-gel systems. Chains form at the early stages of polymerization, followed by ring formation, consistent with interpretations of NMR data and semiempirical molecular orbital quantum calculations. The activation energy for formation of branching Q n species is 12 kcal/mol, consistent with the experimental data of 12 kcal/mol for gelation. The relative time evolution of the various Q n species is consistent with experimental NMR data
A new tree method for pricing financial derivatives in a regime-switching mean-reverting model

Abstract This paper develops a new tree method for pricing financial derivatives in a regime-switching mean-reverting model. The tree achieves full node recombination and grows linearly as the number of time steps increases. Conditions for non-negative branch probabilities are presented. The weak convergence of the discrete tree approximations to the continuous regime-switching mean-reverting process is established. To illustrate the application in mathematical finance, the recombining tree is used to price commodity options and zero-coupon bonds. Numerical results are provided and compared.
A rule-based framework for role-based delegation and revocation

Delegation is the process whereby an active entity in a distributed environment authorizes another entity to access resources. In today's distributed systems, a user often needs to act on another user's behalf with some subset of his/her rights. Most systems have attempted to resolve such delegation requirements with ad-hoc mechanisms by compromising existing disorganized policies or simply attaching additional components to their applications. Still, there is a strong need in the large, distributed systems for a mechanism that provides effective privilege delegation and revocation management. This paper describes a rule-based framework for role-based delegation and revocation. The basic idea behind a role-based delegation is that users themselves may delegate role authorities to others to carry out some functions authorized to the former. We present a role-based delegation model called RDM2000 (role-based delegation model 2000) supporting hierarchical roles and multistep delegation. Different approaches for delegation and revocation are explored. A rule-based language for specifying and enforcing policies on RDM2000 is proposed. We describe a proof-of-concept prototype implementation of RDM2000 to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework and provide secure protocols for managing delegations. The prototype is a web-based application for law enforcement agencies allowing reliable delegation and revocation. The future directions are also discussed.
A study on power allocation for widely separated CS-based MIMO radar

In multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar systems, the sparsity of targets in the target space can be exploited by compressive sensing (CS) techniques to achieve either the same localization performance as traditional methods but with significantly fewer measurements, or significantly improved performance with the same number of measurements. This paper proposes a power allocation scheme for widely separated CSbased MIMO radar. In particular, the allocation scheme minimizes the correlation between the target returns from different search cells, or equivalently, the correlation between the columns of the sensing matrix. The proposed power allocation scheme is shown to improve the detection performance as compared to a uniform power allocation approach.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy: an adult dyad.

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a form of abuse in which an individual deliberately produces or feigns clinical illness in a person under his or her care. Although well-documented in the child and adolescent literature, few case reports document MSBP with an adult proxy. We describe two patients: (1) Ms. A, a 21-year-old female, with recurrent episodes of polymicrobial bacteremia of unknown etiology, and (2) Ms. B, a 23-year-old female, with a history of a recurrent painful rash involving the pudenda. In the first case, medical staff found in the patient’s bed a syringe with an uncapped needle that contained a cloudy substance that grew the same organisms found in her blood. In the second case, the rash responded to topical treatment but dramatically worsened on the day of planned discharge. When the mother’s visitation was restricted and supervised, the rash immediately improved. Although typically reported in pediatric patients, MSBP should be considered in adult dyads when a patient’s medical problems do not respond as expected to therapy, and a caretaker appears overly involved or attention-seeking. Victims may suffer from “Stockholm syndrome,” holding the caretaker in high regard despite danger, even at risk of death. Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a mental illness characterized by a caregiver—the perpetrator—deliberately producing or feigning physical or psychological signs or symptoms in another person—the victim—who is under the perpetrator’s care. 1 The perpetrator’s psychological needs are met through the attention he or she receives during medical evaluations of their charge, even as induced conditions and iatrogenic complications can cause victims significant morbidity and even mortality. While MSBP is well described in the pediatric literature, 2 only seven cases have been reported with adult victims, 3‐9 and in three of these cases, the perpetrator was the same person. We believe that MSBP with an adult victim is underrecognized. We present two such cases with the objective
The gravitational collapse of a mixed region into a linearly stratified fluid

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the collapse of a mixed region into a linearly stratified fluid is presented. An analytical model is developed for the motion of the nose of the mixed region, valid for small dimensionless times and it compares well with the experimental results of the present study and previous investigators. For longer times the length of the mixed region did not increase as the square root of the dimensionless time, as previously reported (Wu 1969), for an aspect ratio (half the initial vertical extent divided by the initial horizontal extent) equal to one. In our experiments the length did increase as a power of the dimensionless time also, but with values of the exponent between 0·89 and 0·38, depending on the values of the various parameters. It is concluded that the motion cannot be described by a simple quasi-steady buoyancy-inertia balance only. We argue that the production of internal solitary waves and their interaction with the mixed region are critical to a complete understanding of the experimental results.
Assembly stress for the reduction of stress concentration

Abstract A systematic study utilizing the experimental method of reflected photoelasticity was undertaken to determine the effects of assembly stress on the stresses around circular holes under uniaxial tension. The assembly stresses are the result of the contact and bearing stresses between the bolts and the member. It has been concluded that assembly stress contributes to reducing the stresses around the hole.
Effect of anoxic anoxia on propulsive motility of the small intestine.

SummaryThe effect of anoxic anoxia on the propulsive motility of the small intestine of the albino rat was studied at the following partial pressures of oxygen: 94 mm Hg, 80 mm Hg, 63 mm Hg, and 53 mm Hg; corresponding to simulated altitudes of 14,000, 18,000, 24,000, and 28,000 feet. At a simulated altitude of 18,000 feet or higher there was a significant decrease in propulsive motility. The threshold lay between 14,000 and 18,000 feet. The results differ from those obtained in the dog but show fair agreement with those in the mouse.
Role of dimer stacking-fault structures in Si(111) growth and etching

Abstract Molecular halogens are used to strip away the Si adatom layer and to expose the Si rest-layer, the structural heart of the Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface. The released Si adatoms are in the form of silicon halide species and behave as silicon growth precursors. Using these methods we have studied Si homoepitaxial growth and chemical etching of the Si(111)-(7 × 7) rest-layer. Growth is shown to nucleate in those regions where the rest-layer is transformed from a 7 × 7 to a 1 × 1 bulk structure. This transformation occurs most readily at defects and antiphase domain boundaries, and explains why these regions are nucleation sites in Si CVD and MBE. The preference for triangular growth and etch features of a particular orientation is shown to be due to the relative stability of 〈112〉 and 〈112〉 steps. 〈112〉 steps are a higher energy configuration due to the presence of dimer-stacking fault (DS) structures along the upper terraces of these steps. As a result, Si(111) islands formed during CVD growth adopt triangular structures bounded by 〈112〉 step edges. Similarly, etch pits formed on the Si(111) substrate by molecular halogens are oriented in the 〈112〉 direction, allowing each step that bounds the etch pit to be of the 〈112〉-type. In all instances, deviations from 〈112〉-type steps results in the formation of 〈112〉 step segments and the incorporation of additional DS structures on the surface.
Bottleneck detection of complex manufacturing systems using a data-driven method

Bottlenecks within a production line significantly affect system productivity. Most current bottleneck detection schemes focus on the long-term bottleneck detection problem using an analytical or simulation model. Furthermore, these studies are restricted to serial tandem lines only. This research focuses on extending the newly developed data-driven method for throughput bottleneck detection from a serial line to a manufacturing system with a complex layout. Within these complex systems, two specific layouts are considered: the concurrent process and the closed-loop feedback process. The method is verified using simulation case studies. An industrial case study is examined to demonstrate the practicality of this approach and to validate the efficiency of the proposed bottleneck detection method.
Temporal volume flow: an approach to tracking failure recovery

The simultaneous use of pre-segmented CT colonoscopy images and optical colonoscopy images during routine endoscopic procedures provides useful clinical information to the gastroenterologist. Blurry images in the video stream can cause the tracking system to fail during the procedure, due to the endoscope touching the colon wall or a polyp. The ability to recover from such failures is necessary to continually track images, and goes towards building a robust tracking system. Identifying similar images before and after the blurry sequence is central to this task. In this work, we propose a Temporal Volume Flow(TVF) based approach to search for a similar image pair before and after blurry sequences in the optical colonoscopy video. TVF employs nonlinear intensity and gradient constancy models, as well as a discontinuity-preserving smoothness constraint to formulate an energy function; minimizing this function between two temporal volumes before and after the blurry sequence results in an estimate of TVF. A voting approach is then used to determine an image pair with the maximum number of point correspondences. Region flow algorithm10 is applied to the selected image pair to determine camera motion parameters. We applied our algorithm to three optical colonoscopy sequences. The first sequence had 235 images in the ascending colon, and 12 blurry images. The image pair selected by TVF decreases the rotation error of the tracking results using the region flow algorithm. Similar results were observed in the second patient in the descending colon, containing 535 images and 24 blurry images. The third sequence contained 580 images in the descending colon and 172 blurry images. Region flow method failed in this case due to improper image pair selection; using TVF to determine the image pair allowed the system to successfully recover from the blurry sequence.
Landscape-Level Phenology of a Threatened Butterfly: A GIS-Based Modeling Approach

Phenology of organismal development varies between growing seasons according to the weather and also varies within growing seasons across topoclimatic gradients. Combining these factors is necessary to predict landscape-level patterns of phenology and their consequences for population dynamics. We developed a model on a Geographic Information System (GIS) that predicts phenology of adult emergence of the threatened Bay checkerspot butterfly across complex terrain under variable weather. Physiological time was modeled by accumulated slope-specific direct insolation. Insolation sums through growing seasons were calculated for each cell of a digital terrain model (skipping over cloudy days) until a threshold for adult emergence was reached. Emergence times of adult butterflies for a given year were then mapped out across a 100-ha area. To generate predicted emergence curves for the population in a given year, these maps ofemergence times were then modified by incorporating microdistributions of postdiapause larvae. Different larval microdistributions changed both the magnitude and shape of emergence curves under the same yearly weather and could change mean population-wide emergence dates by 11 days. Reproductive success in this butterfly is strongly dependent on the timing of adult emergence, and these models provide insights into the effects of weather, topography, and population history on population dynamics. Because adult emergence phenology is often a key component of reproductive success for insects, understanding the components of phenological variation in space and time in complex terrain may provide insights into population dynamics for management of pests and conservation of rare species.
Identification of aflatoxin M1-N7-guanine in liver and urine of tree shrews and rats following administration of aflatoxin B1.

Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and concurrent infection with hepatitis B lead to a multiplicative risk of developing liver cancer. This chemical−viral interaction can be recapitulated in the tree shrew (Tupia belangeri chinensis). As an initial characterization of this model, the metabolism of AFB1 in tree shrews has been examined and compared to a sensitive bioassay species, the rat. Utilizing LC/MS/MS, an unreported product, aflatoxin M1-N7-guanine (AFM1-N7-guanine), was detected in urine and hepatic DNA samples 24 h after administration of 400 μg/kg AFB1. In hepatic DNA isolated from tree shrews, AFM1-N7-guanine was the predominant adduct, 0.74 ± 0.14 pmol/mg DNA, as compared to 0.37 ± 0.07 pmol/mg DNA of AFB1-N7-guanine. Conversely, in rat liver, 6.56 ± 2.41 pmol/mg DNA of AFB1-N7-guanine and 0.42 ± 0.13 pmol/mg DNA of AFM1-N7-guanine were detected. Rats excreted 1.00 ± 0.21 pmol AFB1-N7-guanine/mg creatinine and 0.29 ± 0.10 pmol AFM1-N7-guanine/mg creatinine a...
Program Decomposition and Complexity in CS1

Inexperienced and novice programmers in CS 1 are often faced with the expectation that they will be able to decompose a problem into subproblems, solve these subproblems independently, and then recompose these solutions. As with programming in general, decomposition is a skill that benefits from explicit instruction and that must be practiced to see improvement. This paper introduces a term-long project approach to CS 1 that emphasizes program decomposition. Existing software quality metrics are used to assess student decomposition progression through the project and to compare the decomposition skills of students in courses using the term-long project approach against those in courses using a more typical "stand-alone" project approach.
A procedure for measuring α2-adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation in rat brain slices

The α2-adrenergic receptor regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in rat brain slices was examined using a prelabeling technique for measuring second messenger production. The mixed α-adrenergic agonist 6-fluoronorepinephrine, as well as the more selective α2-agonists clonidine and UK-14,304, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in cerebral cortical slices, whereas phenylephrine, a selective α1-adrenergic agonists,had no inhibitory effect in this system. Moreover, α2-adrenergic receptor antagonists were more potent than α1-adrenergic antagonists in blocking the inhibitory response to UK-14,304. Neither α1-norα2-adrenergic antagonists displayed any inhibitory effect when cAMP accumulation was stimulated by isoproterenol, vasoactive intestinal peptide or 2-chloroadenosine. The results provide further evidence that some α2-adrenergic receptors are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase in brain, and yield a procedure for studying this phenomenon in intact central nervous system tissue.
Antizyme (AZ) regulates intestinal cell growth independent of polyamines.

Since antizyme (AZ) is known to inhibit cell proliferation and to increase apoptosis, the question arises as to whether these effects occur independently of polyamines. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were grown in control medium and medium containing 5 mM difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to inhibit ODC, DFMO + 5 µM spermidine (SPD), DFMO + 5 µM spermine (SPM), or DFMO + 10 µM putrescine (PUT) for 4 days and various parameters of growth were measured along with AZ levels. Cell counts were significantly decreased and mean doubling times were significantly increased by DFMO. Putrescine restored growth in the presence of DFMO. However, both SPD and SPM when added with DFMO caused a much greater inhibition of growth than did DFMO alone, and both of these polyamines caused a dramatic increase in AZ. The addition of SPD or SPM to media containing DFMO + PUT significantly inhibited growth and caused a significant increase in AZ. IEC-6 cells transfected with AZ-siRNA grew more than twice as rapidly as either control cells or those incubated with DFMO, indicating that removal of AZ increases growth in cells in which polyamine synthesis is inhibited as well as in control cells. In a separate experiment, the addition of SPD increased AZ levels and inhibited growth of cells incubated with DFMO by 50 %. The addition of 10 mM asparagine (ASN) prevented the increase in AZ and restored growth to control levels. These results show that cell growth in the presence or absence of ODC activity and in the presence or absence of polyamines depends only on the levels of AZ. Therefore, the effects of AZ on cell growth are independent of polyamines.
Embedded pronoun reference

This paper gives a formal rule for calculating the referents of English personal pronouns when such pronouns occur in certain fixed ways in direct quotations, direct quotations of direct quotations, direct quotations of direct quotations of direct quotations, etc. The rule of reference can be expressed in the form of an informal computations method, an automaton, or an algebraic formalism, all of which result in the same output. The automaton and the algebraic formalism can be so constructed that they reject ungrammatical quotations.
Comments on: Single and two-stage cross-sectional and time series benchmarking procedures for small area estimation

Pfeffermann, Sikov, and Tiller (hereafter PST) have provided a nice review of the literature on benchmarking in small area estimation, and also presented a new twostage benchmarking procedure for small area time series models. The latter further develops previous work of Pfeffermann and Burck (1990) and Pfeffermann and Tiller (2006). My remarks here will focus on some general points they surface related to the differing rationales for external benchmarking (as is commonly practiced with time series data from repeated business surveys) versus internal benchmarking (as is commonly practiced in small area estimation). PST (Remark 3) note that external benchmarking lowers variances of estimates, “when the benchmark is a known constant... and the benchmark constraint is correct.” In fact, even when the external benchmark data are survey estimates with sampling error, benchmarking may lower variances relative to the variances of predictors that make no use of the benchmark data (this being subject to a condition given byBell et al. (2012) noted by PST in Remark 3). Thus, variance reduction provides one reason for doing external benchmarking. Note, however, that when the benchmark data contain sampling error, maximum variance reduction results from optimal predictors that do not force exact agreement with the “benchmarks”, though they pull the predictions towards them (Hillmer and Trabelsi 1987). One may question whether such optimal prediction should be called “benchmarking”? Doing so may draw useful connections with exact benchmarking, since exact benchmarking results, in the limit, when the variances of the benchmarks go to zero.
Unpacking absorptive capacity: A study of knowledge utilization from alliance portfolios

To understand how firms facing technological discontinuities utilize knowledge from alliance portfolios, we unpack absorptive capacity into “latitudinal” and “longitudinal” components, corresponding to use of diverse and distant knowledge, respectively. We find that a moderate burden on firms' latitudinal absorptive capacity, corresponding to medium diversity in their portfolios, contributes to optimal knowledge utilization. Simultaneously increasing the demand on firms' longitudinal absorptive capacity affects this relationship negatively. Highlighting important trade-offs between latitudinal and longitudinal absorptive capacities, our findings reveal two portfolio strategies, “telescopic” and “panoptic” searches, that optimize knowledge utilization. We address important dialectics concerning absorptive capacity constraints and knowledge utilization.
Differences between strains of rhizobium in sensitivity to canavanine

Four strains of rhizobia that nodulate canavanine-synthesizing legumes and four strains that nodulate noncanavanine-synthesizing legumes were tested for sensitivity to L-canavanine. The effect of canavanine on growth depends upon the strain of Rhizobium tested rather than the canavanine synthesizing capability of the host legume. In both groups of rhizobia, some strains were inhibited in growth by canavanine. Canavanine enhancement of growth was observed in rhizobia that nodulate noncanavanine-synthesizing legumes.
Long term assessment of patterns of treatment failure and survival in patients with stage I or II follicular lymphoma

Background. Follicular lymphoma is a clearly defined type of malignant lymphoma. The many treatment approaches reported in the literature attest to the lack of agreement on its best management. The treatment experiences of patients with Stage I or II follicular lymphoma who were at risk for at least 5 years were reviewed to assess their survival, disease free survival, and patterns of failure. Methods. Between 1974 and 1988, 144 patients with Stage I or II follicular lymphoma were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Initial staging studies included lymphangiography in 87% of the patients, computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis in 60%, bone marrow biopsy in 98%, and diagnostic or staging laparotomy in 33%. Forty-five patients were treated with regional radiotherapy, 84 patients with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 15 patients were treated with chemotherapy alone. Results. With a median follow-up of 8.7 years (range, 48-182 months) the actuarial survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 81, 69, and 63%, respectively. The freedom from relapse (FFR) rates were 66, 56, and 46%, respectively. The FFR rate was better for patients treated with chemotherapy-radiotherapy than for patients treated with radiotherapy alone (63 vs. 35% at 15 years). In addition, there were no relapses after 7.5 years in patients treated with chemotherapy-radiotherapy, but relapses continued even beyond 15 years in patients treated with radiotherapy alone. Univariate analysis for each of the treatment groups revealed age to be the only significant prognostic factor. There was no significant difference in survival or disease free survival rates for the three histologic subtypes of follicular lymphoma. Conclusion. The addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy may have increased the probability of cure for patients with Stages I or II follicular lymphoma. Cancer 1995 ;75 :2361-7.
Biomass, reproductive output, and physiological responses of rapid‐cycling Brassica (Brassica rapa) to ozone and modified root temperature

Brassica rapa L. (rapid-cycling Brassica), was grown in environmentally controlled chambers to determine the interactive effects of ozone (O3) and increased root temperature (RT) on biomass, reproductive output, and photosynthesis. Plants were grown with or without an average treatment of 63 ppb O3. RT treatments were 13°C (LRT) and 18°C (HRT). Air temperatures were 25°C/15°C day/night for all RT treatments. Ozone affected plant biomass more than did root temperature. Plants in O3 had significantly smaller total plant d. wt, shoot weight, leaf weight, leaf area and leaf number than plants grown without O3. LRT plants tended to have slightly smaller total plant d. wt, shoot weight, root weight, leaf weight, leaf area, and leaf number than HRT plants. For all variables, LRT plants grown in O3 had the smallest biomass, and plants grown in HRT without O3 had the largest biomass. Ozone reduced both fruit weight and fruit number; LRT also reduced fruit weight but had no effect on fruit number. Ozone reduced photosynthesis but RT had no effect. Conductance and internal CO2 were unaffected by O3 or RT. These studies indicate that plant growth with LRT might be more reduced in the presence of O3 than growth in plants with HRT, which might be able to compensate for O3-caused reductions in photosynthesis to avoid decreased biomass and reproductive output.
Mesoscale Modeling of a Cold Front and Its Interaction with a Diurnally Heated Land Mass

Abstract A mesoscale numerical model incorporating a detailed planetary boundary-layer scheme, including momentum, heat and moisture exchange with the lower boundary, is used to study the change in structure of a dry summertime front as it moves towards a coastline. Two-dimensional experiments show that the diurnal pressure fall over land causes a trough to form in the coastal region ahead of the approaching front. Frontogenesis at this mesoscale trough leads to the formation of a “new” front near the coast, giving the appearance of strong acceleration of the original frontal system in the offshore region. This process can occur over a wide range of times from early afternoon to late evening, but no such acceleration occurs for fronts crossing the coast in the early morning hours. These results indicate a tendency for more fronts to cross the coastline in the afternoon-early evening period than at other times, a statistic which is observed in southeast Australia and Oregon, USA. They also imply fronts sho...
Photometric Determination of the Rotation Period of 1566 Icarus

Icarus asteroid rotation period and brightness variation values obtained from photometric observations at Cassegrain reflector focus
Is PPARbeta/delta a Retinoid Receptor?

The broad ligand-binding characteristic of PPARβ/δ has long hampered identification of physiologically-meaningful ligands for the receptor. The observations that the activity of PPARβ/δ is supported by fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), which directly delivers ligands from the cytosol to the receptor, suggest that bona fide PPARβ/δ ligands both activate the receptor, and trigger the nuclear translocation of FABP5. Using these criteria, it was recently demonstrated that all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), the activator of the classical retinoic acid receptor RAR, also serves as a ligand for PPARβ/δ. Partitioning of RA between its two receptors was found to be regulated by FABP5, which delivers it to PPARβ/δ, and cellular RA binding protein II (CRABP-II), which targets it to RAR. Consequently, RA activates PPARβ/δ in cells that display a high FABP5/CRABP-II expression ratio. It remains to be clarified whether compounds other than RA may also serve as endogenous activators for this highly promiscuous protein.
NMR Investigations of the Rieske Protein from Thermus thermophilus Support a Coupled Proton and Electron Transfer Mechanism

The Rieske protein component of the cytochrome bc complex contains a [2Fe−2S] cluster ligated by two cysteines and two histidines. We report here the pKa values of each of the imidazole rings of the two ligating histidines (His134 and His154) in the oxidized and reduced states of the Rieske protein from Thermus thermophilus (TtRp) as determined by NMR spectroscopy. Knowledge of these pKa values is of critical interest because of their pertinence to the mechanism of electron and proton transfer in the bifurcated Q-cycle. Although we earlier had observed the pH dependence of a 15N NMR signal from each of the two ligand histidines in oxidized TtRp ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 10672−10673), the strong paramagnetism of the [2Fe−2S] cluster prevented the assignment of these signals by conventional methods. Our approach here was to take advantage of the unique histidine−leucine (His134−Leu135) sequence and to use residue-selective labeling to establish a key sequence-specific assignment, which was then extende...
Perfect Quantum Error Correcting Code

We present a quantum error correction code which protects a qubit of information against general one qubit errors. To accomplish this, we encode the original state by distributing quantum information over five qubits, the minimal number required for this task. We describe a circuit which takes the initial state with four extra qubits in the state $|0〉$ to the encoded state. It can also be converted into a decoder by running it backward. The original state of the encoded qubit can then be restored by a simple unitary transformation.
The Conditionals of Deliberation

Practical deliberation often involves conditional judgements about what will (likely) happen if certain alternatives are pursued. It is widely assumed that the conditionals useful in deliberation are counterfactual or subjunctive conditionals. Against this, I argue that the conditionals of deliberation are indicatives. Key to the argument is an account of the relation between ‘straightforward’ future-directed conditionals like ‘If the house is not painted, it will soon look quite shabby’ and ‘ “were”ed-up’ FDCs like ‘If the house were not to be painted, it would soon look quite shabby’: an account on which both of these types of FDCs are grouped with the indicatives for semantic treatment and on which, while conditionals of both types are properly used in means/ends deliberations, those of the ‘were’ed-up variety are especially well suited for that purpose.
Ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometry of the terrestrial nightglow with a bare charge-coupled device: remote field site deployment

The application of Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) to the study of upper atmosphere thermodynamics has largely been restricted by the very low light levels in the terrestrial airglow as well as the limited range in wavelength of photomultiplier tube (PMT) technology. During the past decade, the development of the scientific grade charge-coupled device (CCD) has progressed to the stage in which this detector has become the logical replacement for the PMT. Small fast microcomputers have made it possible to "upgrade" our remote field sites with bare CCDs and not only retain the previous capabilities of the existing FPls but expand the data coverage in both temporal and wavelength domains. The problems encountered and the solutions applied to the deployment of a bare CCD, with data acquisition and image reduction techniques, are discussed. Sample geophysical data determined from the FPI fringe profiles are shown for our stations at Peach Mountain, Michigan, and Watson Lake, Yukon Territory.
The last 200 FEET a low-cost approach to landing air craft in zero-zero conditions

Current Federal Aviation Administration Category I Instrument Landing System approach minima are a 200-foot above ground level Decision Height and 2,400-foot Runway Visual Range. The pilot may not commence an approach if the reported conditions are below these minimums and may only continue an approach below the decision height if the runway environment is in sight. This presentation will show that technology exists today to allow a pilot to continue his approach below published decision height to touchdown without ever actually `seeing' the runway environment outside of his cockpit. Onboard the aircraft, Global Positioning System enhanced by Wide Area Augmentation System typically provides instantaneous positional accuracy of less than one meter horizontally and 1.3 meters vertically. With this metric even the smallest aircraft could determine its location in X, Y, and Z to well within a fraction of its own footprint. Using high-precision GPS surveying equipment to perform a real-time kinematic survey, airport runway locations can be determined with centimeter level accuracy, making it conceivable to land an aircraft on a specific point on the runway to a very high degree of accuracy. Instrument flight with no outside visual cues imparts high levels of stress on the pilot. Landing an aircraft in zero-zero conditions would add significantly more stress. Synthetic Vision Systems that offer the pilot a high-fidelity representation of the outside world would lessen or preclude this stress. Many major universities, government agencies, and aerospace corporations are already at work to provide these type systems. SVS will most likely be initially designed for commercial, military, and business-class aircraft, and will cost tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars. This valuable and life-saving technology will not be affordable to most general aviation pilots. This paper proposes a reduced-cost SVS system for general aviation, based on a Microsoft WindowsTM-based tablet computer. This presentation will document the testing of this system under Visual Flight Rules conditions in order to quantify the achievable accuracy and characterize feasibility of the concept.
Adhesive Failure of a Thin Epoxy Film on an Aluminized Substrate

In this study we used nanoindentation to determine mechanical properties and combined nanoindentation with stressed overlayers to determine interfacial fracture energy of a 164 nm thick film of Epon 828/T403 on an aluminized glass substrate. The combination of nanoindentation and a tungsten overlayer was required to trigger delamination of the epoxy film from the aluminized substrate. Mechanics-based models for circular blister formation were then used to determine residual stresses and interfacial fracture energies. This approach showed that the tungsten overlayer had a compressive residual stress of 1.9 GPa which drove blister formation at a fracture energy of 1.9 J/m2 with a phase angle of loading equal to–62°.
Condition Monitoring Based on Estimating Complex Coupling Coefficients

In this paper, we investigate a novel method to estimate, from measured single time series data, complex quadratic coupling coefficients in order to quantify the "strength" of nonlinear frequency interactions associated with rotating machine degradation. Such knowledge may provide new physical insight and new nonlinear signatures useful for advanced condition monitoring.
MR Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Velocity Wave Speed in the Spinal Canal

Noninvasive measurement of the speed with which the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity wave travels through the spinal canal is of interest as a potential indicator of CSF system pressure and compliance, both of which may play a role in the development of craniospinal diseases. However, measurement of CSF velocity wave speed (VWS) has eluded researchers primarily due to either a lack of access to CSF velocity measurements or poor temporal resolution. Here, we present a CSF VWS measurement methodology using a novel MR sequence that acquires unsteady velocity measurements during the cardiac cycle with a time interval <10 ms. Axial CSF velocity measurements were obtained in the sagittal plane of the cervical spinal region on three subjects referred for an MRI scan without craniospinal disorders. CSF VWS was estimated by using the time shift identified by the maximum velocity and maximum temporal velocity gradient during the cardiac cycle. Based on the maximum velocity gradient, the mean VWS in the three cases was calculated to be 4.6 m/s (standard deviation 1.7 m/s, p < 0.005 ) during systolic acceleration. VWS computed using maximum velocity alone was not statistically significant for any of the three cases. The measurements of VWS are close in magnitude to previously published values. The methodology represents a new technique that can be used to measure VWS in the spinal canal noninvasively. Further research is required to both validate the measurements and determine clinical significance.
Drug Monitoring: Simultaneous Analysis of Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, 10-Hydroxycarbazepine, and Zonisamide by HPLC-UV and a Rapid GC Method Using a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector for Levetiracetam

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay using UV detection is described for the simultaneous measurement of the newer generation anti-epileptic medications lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine (parent drug and active metabolite 10- hydroxycarbazepine), and zonisamide. Detection of all four compounds can be done at 230 nm; however, there is a potential interference with zonisamide in patients on clonazepam therapy. Therefore, the method uses dual wavelength detection: 230 nm for oxcarbazepine and 10-hydroxycarbazepine and 270 nm for lamotrigine and zonisamide. In addition, a simple gas chromatography method using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector is described for the measurement of levetiracetam, another of the recently approved anti-epileptic medications. For both methods, limits of quantitation, linearities, accuracies, and imprecisions cover the therapeutic range for drug monitoring of patients. A wide variety of clinical drugs, including other anti-epileptic drugs, do not interfere with these assays. These procedures would be of special interest to clinical laboratories, particularly due to the limited availability of immunoassays for newer generation anti-epileptic medications and that therapeutic uses of these drugs are expanding beyond epilepsy to other neurologic and psychiatric disorders.