cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stage of HIV-Infection and Social Support Networks

ABSTRACT Previous research on social support networks of HIV-in-fected persons has reported differences in amount of social contact (embeddedness) across stages of illness. In the present study, 75 HIV-in-fected gay and bisexual males from a statewide, Midwestern sample listed up to nine social support providers and rated their frequency of contact and perceived level of social supportiveness with each person. Comparisons were made between the frequency of contact with social supports at each stage of illness (asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS) and at initial, 1-year, and 2-year time intervals. Frequency of contact was similar across the stages of illness and over time. Furthermore, 'very supportive' ratings increased from 76% to 81% over the two-year time period despite an increase in AIDS diagnoses. It is concluded that progression of the illness does not guarantee reduced contact with or lowered positive perceptions of social relations.
Cutting edge: immunosuppressant as adjuvant for tolerogenic immunization

Vaccination for autoimmune and alloimmune diseases has long been an attractive idea. Yet, there is no suitable adjuvant to forcefully steer the immune response toward tolerance. In this study we show that dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid immunosuppressant, can function as a tolerogenic adjuvant when applied together with peptide immunogen. BALB/c mice with pre-established delayed-type hypersensitivity to hen OVA were immunized with an OVA-derived, MHC II-restricted peptide (OVA323–339) in the presence of dexamethasone. The treatment caused long-term desensitization in treated animals to hen OVA via a dexamethasone-dependent tolerogenic mechanism that blocks maturation of dendritic cells and expands OVA323–339-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in vivo. Similar treatment of NOD mice using dexamethasone and an insulin-derived, MHC II-restricted peptide (B:9–23) prevented predisposed spontaneous diabetes. Remarkably, in both models, dexamethasone-augmented immunization induced long-term persistent, Ag-specific regulatory T cells responsive to recall Ags. These results reveal for the first time the potential usefulness of immunosuppressants as tolerogenic adjuvants.
Three sequential experiments in radiation treatment of cervical cancer.

Abstract In the period from 1940 to 1961 the gynecologic clinic (teaching) service at Stanford University School of Medicine contributed 416 patients with invasive cancer of the uterine cervix, not previously treated, to the total radiation experience of the Departments of Gynecology and Radiology. A group of 185 patients treated by a modified Stockholm plan from 1940 through 1947 showed a 5 year survival rate of 40 per cent. A second group of 131 patients who received greater amounts of radiotherapy by conventional means in the years 1948 to 1955 had a slightly higher survival rate (47 per cent), but the difference in rates is not statistically significant. Since 1956, all patients with cervical cancer have been treated with combinations of radium and supervoltage x-rays generated by the Stanford medical linear accelerator. By the end of 1961, 100 new clinic patients had been treated in this fashion and the usual dose has been 6,000 rads delivered homogeneously throughout the pelvis over a period of 4 to 6 weeks. Of those women followed for 3 or more years beyond the year of treatment, 71 per cent are living, and 74 per cent of 68 patients followed 2 or more years are alive. Fifteen per cent of the patients treated with the accelerator have had varying degrees of intestinal dysfunction persisting beyond the period of therapy. The mortality rate attributable to radiation has been less than 1 per cent. It is too early to determine the incidence of permanent disability associated with radiation injury to the rectosigmoid or other intestinal segments. We are favorably impressed by the accomplishments of supervoltage radiation therapy and intend to enlarge our experience with the present plant of treatment.
The use of prereduced media and a portable jar for the collection of anaerobic organisms from clinical sites of infection

Abstract A system for the isolation of anaerobic organisms from clinical specimens was evaluated at the LAC-USC Medical Center. Clinicians were provided with a Gas Pak with a broth tube and two prereduced blood plates for direct inoculation of specimens. In the first 50 patients evaluated, 74 separate anaerobic isolates were recovered in 36 patients, 72 per cent of the total. Bacteroides fragilis was the most common organism recovered. The impact of this system upon clinical management is discussed.
Discriminative Learning over Constrained Latent Representations

This paper proposes a general learning framework for a class of problems that require learning over latent intermediate representations. Many natural language processing (NLP) decision problems are defined over an expressive intermediate representation that is not explicit in the input, leaving the algorithm with both the task of recovering a good intermediate representation and learning to classify correctly. Most current systems separate the learning problem into two stages by solving the first step of recovering the intermediate representation heuristically and using it to learn the final classifier. This paper develops a novel joint learning algorithm for both tasks, that uses the final prediction to guide the selection of the best intermediate representation. We evaluate our algorithm on three different NLP tasks -- transliteration, paraphrase identification and textual entailment -- and show that our joint method significantly improves performance.
Quality of modified atmosphere packaged Bartlett pears as influenced by time and type of storage

Commercially mature "Bartlett" pears for this study were obtained from local commercial packing facilities. In the first year, pears were packed in modified atmosphere bags and placed in boxes or packed normally (control) with an individual paper wrap around each pear plus a polyethylene liner in the box. Boxed pears from both types of packaging were stored in regular atmosphere (RA) storage at 1C for 30 or 90 days. In the second year, pears were packed normally and stored in both RA or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for 45 or 90 days, or packed in modified atmosphere bags and stored in RA at 1C. After 45 days, normally packed pears from both RA and CA were removed from their initial storage, placed in modified atmosphere bags and returned to RA storage for an additional 45 days. Pears stored in modified atmosphere bags were superior in quality to normally packed pears stored only in RA storage and equal in quality to pears stored in CA for periods of 90 days. The quality of pears held in modified atmosphere bags under CA conditions deteriorated after only short periods of time (<45 days). Pears in modified atmosphere bags should be stored only in RA. Little or no quality advantage was evident if use of modified atmosphere bags was delayed regardless of prior storage type.
Resilient Architecture Design for Voltage Variation

Shrinking feature size and diminishing supply voltage are making circuits sensitive to supply voltage fluctuations within the microprocessor, caused by normal workload activity changes. If left unattended, voltage fluctuations can lead to timing violations or even transistor lifetime issues that degrade processor robustness. Mechanisms that learn to tolerate, avoid, and eliminate voltage fluctuations based on program and microarchitectural events can help steer the processor clear of danger, thus enabling tighter voltage margins that improve performance or lower power consumption. We describe the problem of voltage variation and the factors that influence this variation during processor design and operation. We also describe a variety of runtime hardware and software mitigation techniques that either tolerate, avoid, and/or eliminate voltage violations. We hope processor architects will find the information useful since tolerance, avoidance, and elimination are generalizable constructs that can serve as a basis for addressing other reliability challenges as well. Table of Contents: Introduction / Modeling Voltage Variation / Understanding the Characteristics of Voltage Variation / Traditional Solutions and Emerging Solution Forecast / Allowing and Tolerating Voltage Emergencies / Predicting and Avoiding Voltage Emergencies / Eliminiating Recurring Voltage Emergencies / Future Directions on Resiliency
United States medical students’ knowledge of Alzheimer disease

PURPOSE A knowledge gap exists between general physicians and specialists in diagnosing and managing Alzheimer disease (AD). This gap is concerning due to the estimated rise in prevalence of AD and cost to the health care system. Medical school is a viable avenue to decrease the gap, educating future physicians before they specialize. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge level of students in their first and final years of medical school. METHODS Fourteen participating United States medical schools used e-mail student rosters to distribute an online survey of a quantitative cross-sectional assessment of knowledge about AD; 343 students participated. Knowledge was measured using the 12-item University of Alabama at Birmingham AD Knowledge Test for Health Professionals. General linear models were used to examine the effect of demographic variables and previous experience with AD on knowledge scores. RESULTS Only 2.5% of first year and 68.0% of final year students correctly scored ten or more items on the knowledge scale. Personal experience with AD predicted higher knowledge scores in final year students (P= 0.027). CONCLUSION Knowledge deficiencies were common in final year medical students. Future studies to identify and evaluate the efficacy of AD education programs in medical schools are warranted. Identifying and disseminating effective programs may help close the knowledge gap.
Outbreak of hepatitis C virus infection associated with narcotics diversion by an hepatitis C virus–infected surgical technician

Background Drug diversion by health care personnel poses a risk for serious patient harm. Public health identified 2 patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who shared a common link with a hospital. Further investigation implicated a drug-diverting, HCV-infected surgical technician who was subsequently employed at an ambulatory surgical center. Methods Patients at the 2 facilities were offered testing for HCV infection if they were potentially exposed. Serum from the surgical technician and patients testing positive for HCV but without evidence of infection before their surgical procedure was further tested to determine HCV genotype and quasi-species sequences. Parenteral medication handling practices at the 2 facilities were evaluated. Results The 2 facilities notified 5970 patients of their possible exposure to HCV, 88% of whom were tested and had results reported to the state public health departments. Eighteen patients had HCV highly related to the surgical technician's virus. The surgical technician gained unauthorized access to fentanyl owing to limitations in procedures for securing controlled substances. Conclusions Public health surveillance identified an outbreak of HCV infection due to an infected health care provider engaged in diversion of injectable narcotics. The investigation highlights the value of public health surveillance in identifying HCV outbreaks and uncovering a method of drug diversion and its impacts on patients.
Searching for an equation of state for the plastic deformation of stainless steel

Abstract A series of stress-strain-rate (family of constant hardness) curves have been generated at room temperature for 316 stainless steel. The curves were obtained by use of the stress-relaxation test using the technique developed by Hart. These curves are basically parallel and cover a ln strain rate range of −5.2 to −20.8 (strain rate of 5.5 × 10 −3 to 9.3 × 10 −10 sec −1 ). An arbitrary measure of hardness was established for each of the stress-strain-rate curves. An empirical equation was developed which described the applied stress as a function of strain rate and hardness. The hardness of the curves were in order with respect to the corresponding true strain. The family of curves represent evidence that an equation of state exists for the plastic deformation of 316 stainless steel.
Reply to Dr. Iwami's comments on the article "Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma"

Dear Editor: The case reported in Dr. Iwami’s Letter to the Editor corresponds to what has been previously published and reviewed in our paper [1]. It confirms that the evidence of enhancement at the surgical margin, after an operation for a desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG), especially if documented at early postoperative magnetic resonance (MR), does not demonstrate the presence of a tumor residual. Indeed, the histological diagnosis in the author’s case at second surgery (2 weeks after the first operation) consisted only of inflammatory granulation and necrosis. In our second case, the evidence of a tumor residual was documented 3 months after surgery (a relatively sufficient time elapse to exclude inflammatory reactions); the subsequent disappearance of this image 9 months after surgery should therefore be most likely considered as a real tumor regression. A similar consideration can be applied to the two cases by Takashima et al. to whom the author refers. Indeed, in both cases, tumor residual was known at surgery; in the first case, it partially regressed through years, while in the second patient, a similar partial regression was noted comparing 4 and 7 months postoperative MR scans. Once these differences with the authors’ case are pointed out, we agree that closed follow-up is the best way to follow children operated on for a DIG soon after surgery to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary re-explorations.
Regiospecific synthesis of (±)-deoxyanthracyclinones

Abstract A versatile regiospecific route to tetracyclic anthracyclinones is described; the synthetic strategy entails the attachment of a nucleophilic C-D ring synthon, 2b , to a suitably functionalized A ring intermediate such as 3 .
The output efficiency of minority-owned banks in the United States

Abstract This study extends prior research on minority-owned banks by examining their output performance. Using a deterministic output distance function, both technical and allocative efficiency are measured. The findings indicate that, with a given set of inputs, minority-owned banks produce less outputs than a comparable group of nonminority-owned banks. Also, both minority-owned banks and nonminority-owned banks fail to allocate outputs in revenue-maximing proportions.
Crystallization of EU—1 and EU—2 in alkali and alkali-free systems

Abstract The objectives of this study were to systematically study the factors influencing metastability and crystallite morphology in the hydrothermal synthesis of EU—1 and EU—2 in the sodium, ammonium and hexamethonium (Na, NH 4 , HM) cation systems. In addition, the preparations of EU—1 and EU—2 from ammonium and hexamethonium cations exclusively were investigated in an attempt to find the conditions under which a form of these zeolites, free of alkali cations, could be obtained. Delineation of the synthesis conditions to produce 100% alkali EU—1 and EU—2 and alkali-free EU—1 and EU—2 in high yield was achieved. It was found that increasing the ammonium content increased the size of the resulting crystals. Production of alkali-free EU—1 and EU—2 could be accomplished if the organic template reactant was changed from the bromide to the hydroxide.
Stem Cells and Drug Discovery: The Beginning of a New Era?

Much of the attention focused on stem cells relates to their use in cell replacement therapy; however, stem cells may also transform the way in which therapeutics are discovered and validated.
Defining the Diaspora: Appalachians in the Great Migration

New scholarship on southern white out-migration challenges long-held views regarding the economic difficulties experienced by Appalachian white migrants in the North. A comparison of the experiences of Appalachian white migrants and other southern white migrants during a forty-year period, using the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series files (IPUMS), shows that Appalachian migrants were significantly more impoverished than were other southern white migrants. As recent research suggests, migrants from the non-Appalachian South made a smooth economic transition, but migrants from the southern Appalachian region were nearly as impoverished as southern African-American migrants and international immigrants from the poorest developing countries. For these groups, the economic transition was a slow and difficult process.
Tearing modes at the magnetopause

This paper examines the possible occurrence of tearing modes in the dayside magnetopause. First, the expected magnetic signature of tearing, as obtained from existing theory, is reviewed. Magnetometer data from one terrestrial magnetopause crossing of Jupiter's magnetopause are then examined in detail. Magnetic field oscillations are found in three subsegments of the terrestrial crossing at a frequency of 0.1-0.2 Hz and with peak amplitudes of 5-10 nanotesla (nT), and in one segment of the Jovian crossing, at 0.05-0.1 Hz and with 2-nT amplitude. The frequency range, as well as the orientation of the magnetic field perturbation vectors, agrees with a model in which tearing-produced magnetic islands are convected past the satellite with the plasma flow in the current layer. In both cases the magnetopause structure was of the rotational discontinuity type with a nonvanishing normal magnetic field component. Hence, if the tearing structures were active, i.e., growing, at the observation site, ion tearing (or perhaps resistive tearing, with the resistivity provided by microturbulence) must be invoked. But it is also possible that the structures were passive, consisting of 'debris' from active tearing elswhere on the magnetopause surface, this debris being convected along the magnetopause past the observation site.
Effect of Brownian Motion and External Magnetic Field on the Effective Heat Capacity of Ferrofluids

An Eulerian formalism is used to derive the energy equation for a system of magnetic nanoparticles in a fluid (ferrofluid) in the presence of uniform magnetic field. The energy equation proposed here contains an effective heat capacity, which has contributions from: (1) Brownian motion of nanoparticles, (2) magnetic field, (3) temperature, and (4) volume fraction of particles. The modified term quantitatively shows the negligible contribution of the first three factors but the significant effect of concentration of particles in change in heat capacity of ferrofluid. In order to have a better understanding of the problem, the equation is converted to a non dimensional form from which the role of each of physical parameters can be inferred.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Replacement of Halogen in Some Phenanthridine Derivatives

Abstract In the course of the synthsis of a series of tatrahydrophananthridine derivatives as potential anti-carirriair, we found easy access to compounds of the type I-VIII as intertmdiatas1,2.
fac-[FeII(CN)3(CO)3]- and cis-[FeII(CN)4(CO)2]2-: New Members of the Class of [FeII(CN)x(CO)y] Compounds

The reaction of Fe(CO)4I2 with NaCN or KCN in methanol gives M[FeII(CN)3(CO)3] (M = Na, K), which can be converted to [Ph4E][FeII(CN)3(CO)3] (E = P, As). The structure of the fac-[FeII(CN)3(CO)3]- (1) anion was established by the X-ray crystal structures of K-1 and [Ph4As]-1·H2O. Compound 1 has also been characterized by IR, Raman, and 13C NMR. The coupling of the CO and CN stretching modes in the vibrational spectra of 1 have been analyzed. The reaction of Na-1 with NaCN gives Na2 cis-[FeII(CN)4(CO)2] (Na-2), which has been structurally characterized as [Ph4P][Et4N]-2. Compounds 1 and 2 are additional members of the series of compounds of general formula [FeII(CN)(6-x)(CO)x](x-4). [Fe(CN)x(CO)y] compounds are of interest due to the occurrence of such coordination modes in hydrogenase enzymes.
Assignment of simian rotavirus SA11 temperature-sensitive mutant groups A, C, F, and G to genome segments.

Recombinant (reassortant) viruses were selected from crosses between temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of simian rotavirus SA11 and wild-type human rotavirus Wa. The double-stranded genome RNAs of the reassortants were examined by electrophoresis in Tris-glycine-buffered polyacrylamide gels and by dot hybridization with a cloned DNA probe for genome segment 2. Analysis of replacements of genome segments in the reassortants allowed construction of a map correlating genome segments providing functions interchangeable between SA11 and Wa. The reassortants revealed a functional correspondence in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility of genome segments. Analysis of the parental origin of genome segments in ts+ SA11/Wa reassortants derived from the crosses SA11 tsB(339) X Wa and SA11 tsE(1400) X Wa revealed that the group B lesion of tsB(339) was located on genome segment 3 and the group E lesion of tsE(1400) was on segment 8.
Ultrafiltration Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Pathophysiologic Approach

Background: Ultrafiltration failure is a significant cause of technique failure for peritoneal dialysis and subsequent transfer to hemodialysis. <i&gt
Measuring Quality of Life: A Case for Re-Examining the Assessment of Domain Importance Weighting

Domain importance weighting has long been a topic of debate in the study of quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study is to examine the adequacy of popular approaches used to assess domain importance weighting with QoL measures that follow a formative-indicator approach. Using both empirical and simulation data, this study found that neither of the two popular methods of evaluating the performance of domain importance weighting in QoL measures, correlation and moderated regression analysis, was ideal in capturing the actual function domain importance weighting posited in the data. More specifically, results from the popular approaches used to assess domain importance weighting could be quite misleading when QoL measures were constructed using a formative-indicator approach. These findings call for a careful re-examination of results from previous studies using those popular approaches to assess domain importance weighting in QoL measures.
The biphasic gastric secretory response in man.

T HE GASTRIC SECRETORY PATrERN associated with hypoglycemia has recently been under investigation because of the proposit ion that there are two secretory phases to the response. I t has been suggested that an early phase is mediated by the vagus and that a "late phase" is produced by an adrenal cortical mechanism. 2-5 T h e purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of the biphasic response, its relat ionship to circulating adrenal steroids, and, furthermore, to determine if the response .was peculiar to insulin hypoglycemia. For this purpose, gastric acidity and plasma 17-OHCS were examined after the administration of insulin, caffeine, and an augmented histamine stimulus.
Conductivity of metallic films and multilayers

We examine the quantum and semiclassical approaches to the calculation of the electrical conductivity using a model of free electrons with a finite lifetime. We evaluate the Kubo formula exactly for the free-electron model for homogeneous conductors, thin films, and multilayers. We use these results to explicitly demonstrate the relationships among the exact quantum approach, semiclassical approaches, and an approximate quantum approach. One popular semiclassical approach uses a specularity parameter to describe the fraction of electrons that scatter coherently at boundaries. We show that this parameter should depend on the angle at which the electrons are incident on the boundary. Another semiclassical theory employs the concept of a local mean free path. We show that this approximation works surprisingly well; the error in the calculated conductivity being significant only for very thin layers. A third approach uses an approximate solution to the Kubo formula. We show that this approximation works well for thick layers and extremely thin layers but not for intermediate layer thicknesses. We discuss the implication of these results to the study of the giant magnetoresistance.
Optomechanics: Photons refrigerating phonons

Optomechanics is a promising route towards the observation of quantum effects in relatively large structures. Three papers, each discussing a different implementation, now combine optical sideband and cryogenic cooling to refrigerate mechanical resonators to fewer than 60 phonons.
ACCEPTABILITY OF SALTINE CRACKERS CONTAINING COTTONSEED PROTEIN PRODUCTS

Saltine-type crackers containing cottonseed products had two to three times as much protein as unfortified crackers and received acceptable ratings from a six-member taste panel both when fresh and after up to 21 days of storage. Deglanded concentrate, glandless concentrate and storage isolate were substituted for 25, 30 and 35% of the weight of the flour in the recipe. Moisture changes, breaking strength, count-per-pound and height of samples were determined. The two concentrates were found to be more acceptable to the taste panelists than the isolate, and could be used to fortify snack crackers.
Multiplicative asymptotic expansions for filtering linear diffusions with small polynomial nonlinearities

When filtering a diffusion process with small polynomial nonlinearities, the conditional density may be expanded in an additive asymptotic expansion about a Kalman filter. Because such an expansion may fail to be a probability density, finite dimensional multiplicative asymptotic expansions are developed here as an alternative approach. Using the robust version of the filtering equation, an existence theorem and upper and lower estimates for the tail behavior of the unnormalized conditional density are obtained, and error bounds are derived using an integral representation of the error and a comparison theorem for partial differential inequalitites.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a continuing infection control challenge.

Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are common nosocomial pathogens in medical centers in parts of Europe, Australia, Asia, Africa, South America and the USA. Despite their worldwide distribution, the prevalence of these organisms differs at national, state and municipal levels (1-6). Many factors affect the reported prevalence of MRSA, including the laboratory methods used to identify resistant strains, movement of colonized or infected patients or personnel between institutions, patient populations at risk within a given hospital, infection control practices, and probably antibiotic utilization patterns. A number of these issues are discussed in a special series of articles that appear in this issue of the European Journal.
Chaotic Dynamics in Charged‐Particle Beams: Possible Analogs of Galactic Evolution

: During the last couple of years of his life, Henry Kandrup became intensely interested in using charge-particle beams as a tool for exploring the dynamics of evolving galaxies. He and I recognized that both galaxies and charged-particle beams can exhibit collisionless relaxation on surprisingly short time scales, and that this circumstance can be attributed to phase mixing of chaotic orbits. The chaos is often triggered by resonances caused by time dependence in the bulk potential, which acts almost identically for attractive gravitational forces as for repulsive electrostatic forces superposed on external focusing forces. Together we published several papers concerning evolving beams and galaxies, papers that relate to diverse topics such as the physics of chaotic mixing, the applicability of the Vlasov-Poisson formalism, and the production of diffuse halos. We also teamed with people from the University of Maryland to begin designing controlled experiments to be done at the University of Maryland electron ring. This paper highlights our collaborative findings as well as plans for future investigations that the findings have motivated.
The Estimation of Caries Prevalence in Small Areas

National surveys have been effective for the estimation of caries prevalence in broad regions of the US. However, it is unclear if data from such surveys can be used to estimate prevalences in small areas such as states or counties because of small sample sizes within individual areas. In this study, we applied specialized statistical methods to the estimation of small-area caries measures using data from an oral health survey conducted in the State of Washington. Dental exams to assess caries and the presence of sealants and fluorosis were performed on 2921 third-grade students in 84 public schools selected by a stratified random sample from all 39 counties in the state. Statistical methods for small-area estimation were used to estimate disease and sealant utilization measures for each of the counties. Adjustment was made for covariates measured at the school level, including ethnicity and the proportion of children in the Federally sponsored school lunch program. Substantial variability in disease and sealant utilization between counties was found. The estimated number of decayed and filled surfaces per child was 4.7 (inter-county range, 2.4 to 7.4). The estimated number of surfaces of untreated decay was 1.2 per child overall (range, 0.5 to 3.1). Thirty percent of the children had restorative treatment needs (range, 15 to 54%). The prevalence of sealants on one or more permanent molars was estimated to be 34% (range, 19 to 46%). Overall, only 8% of children showed evidence of fluorosis. The results demonstrate the usefulness of small-area estimation methods for oral health surveys.
Ibrutinib Treatment of CLL: The Cancer Fights Back

Ibrutinib is a potent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine report that patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have durable responses to ibrutinib, but they also describe the advent of bypass mutations that result in ibrutinib resistance and progressive disease.
Determinants of subsidiary performance in Central and Eastern Europe

The paper investigates whether a local orientation improves multinational companies' subsidiary performance in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It is found that the extent to which subsidiaries match local deficiencies is significantly and negatively related to performance and that the choice of industry is a determinant of success. The results suggest that a broader set of strategic themes and building strategy 'at location' do not reflect positively on performance. Successful subsidiaries in CEE operate most efficiently not as environmental forces allow them, but through their own products and ideas.
Evaluation of exogenous siRNA addition as a metabolic engineering tool for modifying biopharmaceuticals.

Traditional metabolic engineering approaches, including homologous recombination, zinc-finger nucleases, and short hairpin RNA, have previously been used to generate biologics with specific characteristics that improve efficacy, potency, and safety. An alternative approach is to exogenously add soluble small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes, formulated with a cationic lipid, directly to cells grown in shake flasks or bioreactors. This approach has the following potential advantages: no cell line development required, ability to tailor mRNA silencing by adjusting siRNA concentration, simultaneous silencing of multiple target genes, and potential temporal control of down regulation of target gene expression. In this study, we demonstrate proof of concept of the siRNA feeding approach as a metabolic engineering tool in the context of increasing monoclonal antibody (MAb) afucosylation. First, potent siRNA duplexes targeting fut8 and gmds were dosed into shake flasks with cells that express an anti-CD20 MAb. Dose response studies demonstrated the ability to titrate the silencing effect. Furthermore, siRNA addition resulted in no deleterious effects on cell growth, final protein titer, or specific productivity. In bioreactors, antibodies produced by cells following siRNA treatment exhibited improved functional characteristics compared to antibodies from untreated cells, including increased levels of afucosylation (63%), a 17-fold improvement in FCgRIIIa binding, and an increase in specific cell lysis by up to 30%, as determined in an Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytoxicity (ADCC) assay. In addition, standard purification procedures effectively cleared the exogenously added siRNA and transfection agent. Moreover, no differences were observed when other key product quality structural attributes were compared to untreated controls. These results establish that exogenous addition of siRNA represents a potentially novel metabolic engineering tool to improve biopharmaceutical function and quality that can complement existing metabolic engineering methods. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 415–424, 2013
Cytochemical localization of lipid, peroxidase, and carbohydrate substances in the dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma R3327H: An ultrastructural analysis

The ultrastructural organization of the cells of the transplantable prostatic adenocarcinoma of the rat, R3327H, has been studied on a cytochemical level. The techniques used were those to localize lipids, peroxidase, and carbohydrate-like substances. This study has clearly shown that there are, in the tumor cells and not in normal prostatic epithelial cells, both lipid compartments with an intense peroxidase membrane. Within the lipid “droplet” we find it to be compartmentalized by conconavalan A-positive material. These observations suggest that this tumor cell may be a “degenerating” or old cell. It may well be that this cancer is a disease of dying cells - the degrading consequence of cell growth.
Dual emission-line regions in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5929

Several theoretical and empirical studies suggest that multiple distinct emission regions exist in the nuclei of some active galaxies. Detailed study1,2 of nearby objects such as M51 shows that the most important radiation of nonstellar origin can originate hun-dreds of parsecs from the nucleus (as defined by the stellar potential well), while binary compact objects are expected in some cluster-collapse schemes3 or in interaction-fuelled models for active nuclei4,5. Here I show that the type 2 Seyfert nucleus of NGC5929 contains two emission regions situated symmetrically about the centre of the galaxy. Slit spectroscopy shows them to be spatially as well as kinematically distinct, each with a linewidth of ∼200 km s−1 and ionization levels normally associated with Seyfert nuclei. Their location in the galaxy's rotation curve suggests that they move with the galaxy's disk gas; and they probably result from energy transport from a central object of low photon luminosity but high energy output. This system furnishes a very clear example of the presence of phenomena related to the presence of a central engine, but located at a significant distance from the ultimate source of energy. The existence of such objects suggests that the usual radiatively powered, nearly symmetric models for active nuclei may be misleading in many objects.
Hierarchical discrete-event simulation on hypercube architectures

The simulation of systems that include components at varying levels of abstraction is addressed. A performance model of a hierarchical discrete-event simulation algorithm running on a hypercube architecture is presented. The model allows the performance impact of decisions made in the design of the parallel processor as well as in the design of the simulation algorithm to be examined. Three static component partitioning strategies are considered: random partitioning, heuristic partitioning, and simulated annealing. The performance model is applied to digital system simulation. >
From redcompense to revolution: Mahoney v. Ashton and the transfiguration of Maryland culture, 1791–1802

(1994). From redcompense to revolution: Mahoney v. Ashton and the transfiguration of Maryland culture, 1791–1802. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 38-62.
Coarsening in the electrohydrodynamic patterning of thin polymer films.

Periodic pillarlike microstructures can be created from initially flat polymer films via the electrohydrodynamic instabilities. Those patterns, however, are metastable. Our experimental observations show that the average pillar size increases slowly after linear growth. Major coarsening events then take place over times several orders of magnitude longer than the linear growth time. For all fill ratios, a logarithmic time dependence of the average pillar size can be identified, i.e., $⟨S⟩\ensuremath{\propto}\text{ln}\text{ }t$. Thicker films, however, have faster coarsening rates than thinner films. Linear stability analysis of the pseudosteady states reveals two major coarsening mechanisms, collision and Ostwald ripening, which can also be identified from experimental images. We then reduce the original partial differential equation (PDE) into a pair of ODEs, which govern the interaction between pillars due to the above two coarsening mechanisms. From this, a logarithm scaling law is obtained for both low and high fill ratios and the coarsening rate is slower for lower fill ratios, consistent with experimental observations. We also find that arrays with more uniform sizes tend to start coarsening later, but they coarsen faster than more ``disperse'' arrays, which could be possibly utilized in experiments for controlling the onset and speed of coarsening. The logarithm scaling in the electrohydrodynamic coarsening phenomenon, which differs from coarsening in spinodal decomposition and dewetting of thin liquid films, is due to the significant nonlinear effect of Maxwell stresses and geometric confinement on the disjoining pressure at both top and bottom electrodes.
Language dynamics in finite populations.

Any mechanism of language acquisition can only learn a restricted set of grammars. The human brain contains a mechanism for language acquisition which can learn a restricted set of grammars. The theory of this restricted set is universal grammar (UG). UG has to be sufficiently specific to induce linguistic coherence in a population. This phenomenon is known as "coherence threshold". Previously, we have calculated the coherence threshold for deterministic dynamics and infinitely large populations. Here, we extend the framework to stochastic processes and finite populations. If there is selection for communicative function (selective language dynamics), then the analytic results for infinite populations are excellent approximations for finite populations; as expected, finite populations need a slightly higher accuracy of language acquisition to maintain coherence. If there is no selection for communicative function (neutral language dynamics), then linguistic coherence is only possible for finite populations.
Symmetry groups and representations of hamiltonians for several coupled degrees of freedom: Application to non-rigid molecular vibrations

Abstract We present a systematic method of determining finite symmetry groups for multiple coordinate hamiltonians including coupling terms. Groups are first derived separately for terms involving single coordinates. When these terms are added together, direct products of the initial groups are taken, and more symmetry operations may need to be included which involve several coordinates. When coupling terms are included, some symmetry operations must be discarded and subgroups of the product group determined. The determination of the classes, the induction and subduction of irreducible representations and characters, and assignment of molecular properties to these representations are performed along with the group derivation. We discuss the application of these methods to hamiltonians for non-rigid molecular vibrations in four membered ring molecules, molecules with two methyl groups, and the pseudorotation interconversion motion of some MX5 molecules.
NLN/Jeffries Simulation Framework State of the Science Project: The Teacher Construct

Abstract In 2003, Jeffries developed the NLN/Jeffries simulation framework. Five constructs were identified to guide implementation and evaluation of simulation. A review of the current state of the science in support of this framework was launched in 2010. This report summarizes the findings for the teacher construct. Major findings included a diverse array of anecdotal literature with inconsistent terminology. No empirical research examining the construct in simulation contexts was identified in the literature. To address the need for standard terminology to guide future research, a change in terminology from teacher to facilitator was proposed by the team.
The architecture of a grid infrastructure for undergraduate education

In this paper, we present a grid infrastructure we have built to support undergraduate education and research in the University of Houston-Downtown (UHD). The grid is based on four clusters of personal computers. A portal is built to allow remote access to services deployed on the clusters. To address the needs in the undergraduate education at UHD, a lab interface is designed to accommodate lab activity packages for our computer science courses. Student research is also supported by this grid computing environment.
Influence of cooling and temperature maintenance on the quality of California grown stone fruit

Abstract Stone fruits require rapid cooling within a few hours of harvest. High temperature and cooling delays can speed fruit deterioration from several causes. Flesh softening is most rapid at temperatures between ≈4 and 38°C, where ethylene sensitivity is greatest. Water loss is related to exposure time and the magnitude of water vapour pressure difference between fruit and environment. Internal breakdown, a low temperature injury problem, is aggravated in California by high temperature delays before cooling. Fruit rot organisms spread most rapidly at warm harvest temperatures and are slowed or stopped at near 0°C. When packing is delayed, then cooling before packing is essential. Because injury susceptibility is least at intermediate temperatures (5–20°C), fruit may be cooled to 5–10°C for next day packing, but should be cooled to near 0°C for longer delays. Regardless of prior cooling, the warming that will occur during packing makes essential final cooling to near 0°C following packing. Methyl bromide fumigation, if needed for quarantine treatment, should occur before cooling because warm fruit is less injured and fumigant doses are lower at warmer temperatures.
Children's representation of long duration: when memory and attention meet in processing time.

ABSTRACT The concepts of the memory and attentional models were examined in children's and adults’ time perception in a long duration. One hundred twenty-one children in preschool through Grade 2 and 29 adults for Study 1 and 93 second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade students and 40 adults for Study 2 judged durations of tasks that varied in interest levels and cognitive demands. In Study 1, children overestimated but adults underestimated the movie that they found to be interesting. However, in Study 2, both children and adults consistently overestimated the duration of puzzles they found to be interesting. In a long duration, the findings were more in line with the memory model than with the attention model. A qualitative change also emerged in middle childhood in the way children kept track of time; this difference may influence the developing perception of long duration in children's representation. Implications of the findings are further discussed in examining the perception of long duration.
Fuel constituent redistribution during the early stages of U-Pu-Zr irradiation

Irradiation and fission-related phenomena in metallic fuels based on the U-Pu-Zr system result in fuel restructuring in the forms of fuel swelling (Xe/Kr bubble growth) and constituent redistribution. An experiment designed to analyze the early development of these phenomena and the correlative behavior between them has recently been completed. Fuel porosity development was traced carefully as a function of fuel burnup. The results indicated that the porosity distributions would lead to significant changes in fuel operating temperature. Concurrent observations concerning composition redistribution indicated that the porosity development preceded significant constituent redistribution. The zirconium redistribution had been theorized to be related to the position of phase boundaries at specific locations within the thermal gradients existing in the fuel. The restructuring phenomena were analyzed in terms of how they may affect the existence of specific phases and, therefore, atomic migration.
Erratum: Superconductivity in New A-15 Niobium Alloys

A number of previously unreported A-15 Nb alloys have been studied, using samples prepared by dual target sputtering. Tc was measured resistively and structure determined by x-ray diffractlon. Samples were chemically'' analyzed by anodization. New alloys include A-15 Nb3Si and pseudobinary derivatives, as well as some derivatives of Nb3P.'' Tc and the A-15 lattice parameter were surveyed for these, and for previously studied alloys related to Nb3Al, Nb3Ga, and Nb3Ge. The chemical'' variation of T/su b c/ was slight, except near pure Nb3Si and for alloys based upon Nb3P,'' where the samples show considerable disorder. Maxima in T3 occur for the alloys Nb3Al0.7Ge0.3 and Nb3Al0.5Ga0.5. The first is well known; trends measured here indicate that the second may be equally high. It is proposed that the dominant factor for Tc in this group of alloys is the state of order achieved in the samples. No evidence was seen to associate enhanced Tc with A-15 phase boundaries.
Electrophoretic mobility of alumina, titania and their mixtures in aqueous dispersions

Abstract The electrophoretic mobility of commercial alumina and titania powders and their mixtures (ratio of alumina:titania mixtures (by weight) 1:2 and 4:1) dispersed in 10 −3 mol dm −3 KNO 3 was determined as a function of pH in the range pH 3–11, using both microelectrophoresis and mass transport methods. The results are in good agreement with the previous experimental results. The value of the isoelectric point (IEP) for alumina and titania was found to be at pH9 and 5.5, respectively. It appears that the dispersion concentration has no significant effect on the electrophoretic mobility versus pH. The results also suggest that the addition of titania to alumina has lowered the IEP value from pH ∼9 to ∼8.4 and the addition of alumina to titania has increased the IEP value from pH ∼5.5 to 6. The electrophoretic mobility versus pH profiles for the mixtures of alumina and titania powders appear to represent the electrokinetic behavior of both alumina and titania powders; however, the shape of the electrophoretic mobility versus pH profiles and the position of the isoelectric point appear to be governed by the powder with a large total surface area in the mixture, but not necessarily the weight.
Honoring the memory of Dr. Orton at the University of Iowa

A portrait of Dr. Orton hangs in the auditorium of the Psychiatric Hospital at the University of Iowa. Presumably taken at the time he became the first director of the hospital in I919, it shows him as a serious and sensitive looking young man. Other than this portrait and a seldom read history of the hospital, there has been little here by which to remember Dr. Orton. Both Dr. George Winokur, present head of our department, and I felt that this was wrong, and we have looked for a way to honor Dr. Orton's memory. Because the problems of children were one of his main interests, the idea of naming the Division of Child Psychiatry after him appealed to us. It was soon approved by his daughter, Dr. Sarah P. Orton, by the Orton Society, and by the administration of the university and the hospital. In