cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variability of subsurface structure and infiltration hydrology among surface coal mine valley fills.

Abstract Surface coal mining alters landscapes including creating waste-rock fills or dumps. In Appalachia USA, mines fill valleys with waste rock, constructing valley fills that affect water quality and aquatic ecology downstream. Total dissolved solids (TDS) in mine effluent are elevated from exposure of mineral surfaces to weathering. Understanding TDS variability requires understanding valley fill internal structure and its effect on hydrology, yet prior studies focused on point measurements or did not address patterns among fills. Here we investigated subsurface structure and hydrologic flowpaths in two dimensions within four valley fills using electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). We used artificial rainfall to investigate the location and transit time of preferential flowpaths through the fills. We corroborated our ERI interpretations using borehole logs, downhole video, and shallow soil excavation. ERI results indicated variability in substrate type and widespread presence of preferential flowpaths. We estimated an average preferential flowpath vertical length of 6.6 m, average transit time of water along the flowpath of 1.4 h, and average minimum water velocity of 5.1 m/h (0.14 cm/s). These rates are higher than typical for undisturbed lands, and resemble highly preferential flow in karst terrain. ERI successfully distinguished fills using conventional loose-dump construction from experimental controlled-material compacted-lift construction. Conventional fills exhibited finer particles that retain water at the surface, with larger rocks and larger voids at depth. Conventional fills had greater ranges of subsurface resistivity (i.e. substrate types) and greater interior accumulation of water during artificial rainfall, indicating more quick/deep preferential infiltration flowpaths. We show experimental construction significantly alters hydrologic response, which in combination with use of low-TDS waste rock, may affect downstream water quality relative to conventional loose-dump methods. Our soil boring and pits corroborated ERI interpretation, thus demonstrating ERI to be a robust non-invasive technique that provides reliable information on valley fill structure and hydrology.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Varies Widely by Calculator and Race/Ethnicity in a Majority Latinx Cohort Living with HIV

Comparison of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculators in Latinx majority populations living with HIV can assist clinicians in selecting a calculator and interpreting results. 10-year CVD risks were estimated for 652 patients seen ≥ 2 times over 12 months in a public clinic using three risk calculators: Atherosclerotic CVD risk Calculator (ASCVD), Framingham Risk Calculator (FRC), and Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs Study (D:A:D) Calculator. Median estimated 10-year CVD risk in this population was highest using FRC (11%), followed by D:A:D (10%), and lowest with ASCVD (5%; p < 0.001). However, D:A:D classified 44.3% in a high/very high risk category compared to FRC (20.7%) and ASCVD (33.4%) (all p < 0.001). ASCVD risk estimates differed significantly by race/ethnicity (p < 0.001). Risk varied widely across three risk calculators and by race/ethnicity, and providers should be aware of these differences when choosing a calculator for use in majority minority populations.
The psycho-linguistic effects of yoga: A lexical analysis of shifts in positivity, agency, and creativity

Introduction: Yoga is understood in the scientific community as a powerful de-stressor. Reduced stress has been linked to improved mood, increased agency, and enhanced creativity. Objective: This study investigates these potential psychological effects of yoga by comparing two lexical data sets, composed of nearly 3000 words collected before and after yoga classes. Methods: Each word is scored along three dimensions: positivity, agency, and creativity. Positivity is calculated using SentiWords Sentiment Dictionary 1.0; agency is determined by grammatical categorization; and creativity is viewed as a function of the set distribution. Results: Analysis reveals a shift toward more positive and less agentful self-reporting after practice. No significant difference is found in creativity.Conclusion: This study provides insight into how yoga alters thought processes and affects the mental health of practitioners.
FastPRP: Fast Pseudo-Random Permutations for Small Domains.

We propose a novel small-domain pseudo-random permutation, also referred to as a small-domain cipher or smalldomain (deterministic) encryption. We prove that our construction achieves “strong security”, i.e., is indistinguishable from a random permutation even when an adversary has observed all possible input-output pairs. More importantly, our construction is 1,000 to 8,000 times faster in most realistic scenarios, in comparison with the best known construction (also achieving strong security). Our implementation leverages the extended instruction sets of modern processors; and we also introduce a smart caching strategy to freely tune the tradeoff between time and space.
Personalized collaborative plans for robot-assisted dressing via optimization and simulation

Robots could be a valuable tool for helping with dressing but determining how a robot and a person with disabilities can collaborate to complete the task is challenging. We present task optimization of robot-assisted dressing (TOORAD), a method for generating a plan that consists of actions for both the robot and the person. TOORAD uses a multilevel optimization framework with heterogeneous simulations. The simulations model the physical interactions between the garment and the person being dressed, as well as the geometry and kinematics of the robot, human, and environment. Notably, the models for the human are personalized for an individual’s geometry and physical capabilities. TOORAD searches over a constrained action space that interleaves the motions of the person and the robot with the person remaining still when the robot moves and vice versa. In order to adapt to real-world variation, TOORAD incorporates a measure of robot dexterity in its optimization, and the robot senses the person’s body with a capacitive sensor to adapt its planned end effector trajectories. To evaluate TOORAD and gain insight into robot-assisted dressing, we conducted a study with six participants with physical disabilities who have difficulty dressing themselves. In the first session, we created models of the participants and surveyed their needs, capabilities, and views on robot-assisted dressing. TOORAD then found personalized plans and generated instructional visualizations for four of the participants, who returned for a second session during which they successfully put on both sleeves of a hospital gown with assistance from the robot. Overall, our work demonstrates the feasibility of generating personalized plans for robot-assisted dressing via optimization and physics-based simulation.
Thermodynamics of SmCo5 compound doped with Fe and Ni: An ab initio study

Abstract SmCo5 permanent magnets exhibit enormous uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and have a high Curie temperature. However, their low energy product is a significant deficiency. To increase the energy product in SmCo5, we propose substituting cobalt with iron, that has a much larger magnetic moment, in a SmCoNiFe3 magnet where nickel is used as a thermodynamic stabilizer.
Low temperature ozone oxidation of solid waste surrogates

Abstract Solid waste management presents a significant challenge to human spaceflight and especially, long-term missions beyond Earth orbit. A six-month mission will generate over 300 kg of solid wastes per crewmember that must be dealt with to eliminate the need for storage and prevent it from becoming a biological hazard to the crew. There are several methods for the treatment of wastes that include oxidation via ozone, incineration, microbial oxidation or pyrolysis and physical methods such as microwave drying and compaction. In recent years, a low temperature oxidation process using ozonated water has been developed for the chemical conversion of organic wastes to CO 2 and H 2 O. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the rate and effectiveness with which ozone oxidized several different waste materials. Increasing the surface area by chopping or shredding the solids into small pieces more than doubled the rate of oxidation. A greater flow of ozone and agitation of the ozonated water system also increased processing rates. Of the materials investigated, plastics have proven the most difficult to oxidize. The processing of plastics above the glass transition temperatures caused the plastics to clump together which reduced the exposed surface area, while processing at lower temperatures reduced surface reaction kinetics.
Enhancing enzymatic efficiency by attachment to semiconductor nanoparticles for biosensor applications

Nanosensors employing quantum dots (QDs) with appended biofunctional moieties offer tremendous promise for disease surveillance/diagnostics and chemical/biological threat activity. Their small size permits cell penetration and their inherent photochemical properties are well-suited for rapid, optical measurement. The effectiveness of enzymes immobilized on QDs, however, are not completely understood, hindering development of chemical/biological sensors and remediation materials. Here, we analyze enzyme effectiveness for the neutralization of a simulant nerve agent when attached to two distinctly-sized QDs. Two sizes of QDs, 525 or 625 nm, were appended with DHLA ligands to improve aqueous stability and prevent aggregation. Various molar ratios of de novo phosphotriesterase trimer (PTE3) were rapidly self-assembled via spontaneous metal coordination of the PTE oligohistidine tag onto the Zn2+-rich QD surface. PTE catalyzes the detoxification of organophosphate pesticides (e.g, paraoxon, an analog of sarin) to p-nitrophenol whose absorbance can be measured at 405 nm. The optimal ratio of PTE3 to 525 nm and 625 nm QD’s was determined to be 12 and 24, respectively. The enhanced enzyme performance in both cases is most likely due to increased enzyme-substrate interactions from improvements in enzyme orientation, enzyme density, and substrate diffusion on or near the QD. Development of these nansosensors as optical-based biosensors (e.g., within compact microfluidic devices) may greatly improve the sensitivity of conventional biological/chemical detection schemes.
Upfront molecular profiling of pancreatic cancer patients - An idea whose time has come.

Abstract Pancreatic cancer patients have not benefited from survival improvements brought about by personalized medicine in other malignancies. Even though this is the era of precision medicine, unfortunately most clinicians in practice either do not embrace or are unaware of the concept of molecular profiling for pancreatic cancer patients. Improving the grim prognosis of this challenging disease requires a paradigm shift. To exploit all potential therapeutic options in this lethal disease, molecular profiling should be performed ideally at the moment of diagnosis to identify potentially trial-eligible tumoral mutations or support off label use of an agent approved for another indication. This perspective article aims to increase awareness of the importance of upfront molecular profiling for pancreatic cancer patients.
Experimental Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Continuous Fiber Reinforced Nylon Composites

Continuous fiber reinforced additive manufacturing (CFRAM) is a promising fabrication technology with a wide range of potential applications in different industries. The potential applications of CFRAM components justify the need for investigation of their thermomechanical properties. In this study, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), tensile, and thermal properties of CFRAM components was studied and the effect of fiber percentage on properties was investigated. Nylon was used as thermoplastic polymer matrix and carbon fiber (CF), and fiber glass (FG) as reinforcing agents. It is found that fiber reinforcement improves storage modulus, loss modulus, tensile strength, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, and heat conduction of nylon. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study printing quality, fiber–matrix interface, and microstructure of composite. The final results in this research study present the basis for industrial applications of fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers for industrial applications.
Peak Performance: A Communications-Based Leadership and Teamwork Simulation for Fourth-Year Medical Students.

Background:Medical education has traditionally been rooted in the teaching of health and disease processes, with little attention to the development of teamwork and leadership competencies.Objectiv...
AI Bookie: Will a Self-Authorizing AI-Based System Take Control from a Human Operator?

The AI Bookie column documents highlights from AI Bets, an online forum for the creation of adjudicatable predictions and bets about the future of AI. While it is easy to make a prediction about the future, this forum was created to help researchers craft predictions whose accuracy can be clearly and unambiguously judged when they come due. The bets will be documented on line, and regularly in this publication in The AI Bookie. We encourage bets that are rigorously and scientifically argued. We discourage bets that are too general to be evaluated, or too specific to an institution or individual. The goal is not to continue to feed the media frenzy and pundit predictions about AI, but rather to curate and promote bets whose outcomes will provide useful feedback to the scientific community. Place your bets! Please go to ai.sciencebets.org
Attenuation of entorhinal cortex hyperactivity reduces Aβ and tau pathology

High levels of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide have been shown to disrupt neuronal function and induce hyperexcitability, but it is unclear what effects Aβ-associated hyperexcitability may have on tauopathy pathogenesis or propagation in vivo. Using a novel transgenic mouse line to model the impact of hAPP/Aβ accumulation on tauopathy in the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal (EC-HIPP) network, we demonstrate that hAPP aggravates EC tau aggregation and accelerates pathological tau spread into the hippocampus. In vivo recordings revealed a strong role for hAPP/Aβ, but not tau, in the emergence of EC neuronal hyperactivity and impaired theta rhythmicity. Chronic chemogenetic attenuation of Aβ-associated hyperactivity led to reduced hAPP/Aβ accumulation and reduced pathological tau spread into downstream hippocampus. These data strongly support the hypothesis that in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Aβ-associated hyperactivity accelerates the progression of pathological tau along vulnerable neuronal circuits, and demonstrates the utility of chronic, neuromodulatory approaches in ameliorating AD pathology in vivo.
Identification of novel missense mutation in a patient with an asymptomatic para-aortic paraganglioma

A 31-year-old Caucasian woman underwent a standard workup as a potential kidney transplant donor. Kidney donor protocol CT showed a left para-aortic hypervascular mass suspicious for a paraganglioma. Biochemical workup revealed elevated urinary catecholamines, supporting this suspicion. The patient underwent surgical resection with histopathological evaluation that confirmed the diagnosis. Endocrine evaluation 2 years later revealed a family history of a cousin with a history of pheochromocytoma as a teenager. A genetic panel identified a missense mutation in succinate dehydrogenase C (c.202T>C; p.Ser68Pro), which was described as a variant of unknown significance. In silico analysis suggested that it may be a deleterious mutation. We concluded that this mutation may be pathogenic, considering these supporting pieces of evidence and her early-onset paraganglioma. This report highlights the importance of genetic screening in patients with paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas, since many cases are familial. Additionally, it underscores the importance of evaluating and documenting cases of variants of unknown significance.
A Pragmatic Attitude

Marie, an 11-year-old female, was referred to our center for treatment by a school counselor because of periodic episodes of school refusal, excessive social withdrawal, and an extreme need for reassurance. When her mother brought her in for treatment, she described Marie as being “scared of everything.” Even such an ordinary thing as going to sleep at night was a major event—her mother had to stay with Marie in her room until the girl fell asleep. She said that ever since she could remember Marie was different from other kids in this type of excessive fearfulness, timidity, and her constant need for reassurance. Marie, she said, spent a lot of time worrying about little things and making these little things into big things. She worried about her grades even though she was just finishing the year as an “A” student in a gifted program. In fact, her mother said, she wouldn’t be surprised if Marie spent this summer as she did last summer—worrying about the teacher she’ll get in the fall.
Anatomical organization of the superior colliculus in monkeys: corticotectal pathways for visual and visuomotor functions.

Publisher Summary The purpose of this chapter is to discuss aspects of the anatomical organization of the superior colliculus in monkeys. The chapter also attempts to relate dual collicular functions to afferents from cortical visual and visuomotor systems. The superior colliculus has important links with systems for both visual perception and visuomotor functions. The anatomical basis for dual functions of the superior colliculus appears to lie in the well-documented connectional differences between the superficial and deep collicular compartments. Much progress has recently been made in the understanding of the numbers and interconnections of separate cortical areas, and more sensitive anatomical methods have permitted refinements in some of the observations on corticotectal projections. Projections of both posterior parietal and inferotemporal cortex appear to be mainly to the deeper layers, as are inputs from visuomotor areas of cortex. Thus, collicular visual and visuomotor compartments are closely linked with cortical perceptual and motor systems, respectively. In addition, the chapter also presents the new findings on visual corticotectal projections in squirrel monkeys.
Spontaneous Photon Emission: General Case: Electric and Magnetic Multipole Radiation

For the general case, for a quantum system with kr i notnecessarily very small, we need to use the full first-order piece of the interaction Hamiltonian
BOUNDED RATIONALITY AND THE SUPPLY SIDE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A PREDICTIVE MODEL OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL EVENT

If innovative entrepreneurship creates economic growth/jobs, then the “supply side” of entrepreneurship is important This study reviewed the literature for the antecedents of entrepreneurial action, and attempted to sort out the antecedent mechanisms (including entrepreneurship education) and isolate their impacts. The study’s Person x Context “Bounded Rationality” E-Correspondance model was grounded in Shapero & Sokol’s (1982) entrepreneurial event model, but their “desirability” and “feasibility” constructs were augmented to include Lofquist & Dawis’ (1969) contextual correspondence conceptualization. The model theorized that in addition to the elements of entrepreneurial “desirability” (motivations/wants/needs) and “feasibility” (efficacy in abilities and skills), there must be correspondent goodness-of-fit for both in the workplace context. The model was tested empirically via quasi-experimental research (4,000 University alumni) with strong preliminary support found for the conceptualization as a predictor of entrepreneurial production at the individual level of analysis
Microfabricated Deep-Etched Structures for ICF and Equation-of-State Targets

Microfabrication techniques, derived from the semiconductor industry, can be used to make a variety of useful mechanical components for targets. A selection of target components fabricated using de...
Effect of Ice Contamination on Liquid-Nitrogen Drops in Film Boiling

Leidenfrost film boiling data of discrete masses of a cryogenic fluid were first reported by Keshock and Bell [1,2]. These authors attempted to correlate their cryogenic data using the equations developed by Baumeister et al. [3] from standard laminar film boiling theory. This theory had been found to successfully correlate data for conventional fluids such as water, ethanol, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride. However, Keshock and Bell found the measured drop vaporization times were as much as 30% shorter than predicted by the equations developed by Baumeister et al. [3] even after the contributions of heat transfer by radiation and free convection to the droplet’s upper surface were considered. To account for this discrepancy, the effects of ice contamination and mass transfer from the upper surface of the drop were experimentally investigated in this study. In particular, ice formation in the drop from contamination was found to significantly affect the vaporization times of liquid nitrogen drops.
CTR diffraction and grazing-incidence EXAFS study of U(VI) adsorption onto α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3 (11̄02) surfaces

Evaluation of the long-term health risks of uranium contamination in soils, sediments, and groundwater requires a fundamental understanding of the various processes affecting subsurface transport of uranium, including adsorption processes at mineral/water interfaces. In this study, the sites of binding and surface complexation of U(VI) adsorbed on the (1102) surfaces of α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3 have been determined using crystal truncation rod (CTR) diffraction and grazing incidence extended X-ray absorption fine structure (GI-EXAFS) spectroscopy. The available binding sites on the (1102) surfaces were constrained through bond valence and steric analyses. On both surfaces, U(VI) forms uranyl-carbonato ternary complexes to surface oxygens that are singly coordinated to aluminum or iron. On the α-Al2O3 (1102) surface, a monodentate complex results, whereas on the α-Fe2O3 (1102) surface, the binding is bidentate to adjacent singly coordinated oxygen sites (i.e., binuclear). Differences in protonation of the singly coordinated oxygen atoms, surface charging, U(VI) aqueous speciation, substrate structure, or the electronic structure of surface functional groups may be the cause of these differences in adsorption geometry. Both XPS and CTR diffraction reveal higher U(VI) surface coverages on the α-Fe2O3 (1102) surface than on the α-Al2O3 (1102) surface. This difference cannot be the result of differences in defect concentration alone as CTR diffraction is not sensitive to U(VI) sorbed to defect sites, implying that the α-Fe2O3 (1102) surface has an intrinsically higher affinity for U(VI). The surface complexes observed in this study are different from the bidentate, mononuclear complexes typically derived for U(VI) on powdered aluminum- and iron-(oxyhydr)oxides and clay minerals using U LIII-edge EXAFS spectroscopy. However, the presence of monodentate, mononuclear and bidentate, binuclear complexes may have been overlooked in past EXAFS studies on such substrates, as these complexes have U-Al or U-Fe interatomic distances that are too large to be easily detected by EXAFS spectroscopy.
Vocalization in Juvenile Crocodilians

Evidence is presented that the grunts and distress calls of juvenile alligators (Alligator mississipiensis) are examples of graded calls, which are given in different form depending largely on contest. Representative sonagrams of the distress calls of three other species of crocodilians (Caiman crocodilus, Crocodylus niloticus, and Crocodylus siamensis) are presented and compared with sonagrams of alligator distress calls. These findings are discussed in light of current knowledge of the bioacoustics of other vertebrates.
Effects of an Interferon Inducer, Poly I:C, on Acute Ocular Infection Produced by Intracameral Inoculation of Toxoplasma gondii

A potent interferon inducer, synthetic polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid complex (poly I:C), was used prophylactically and therapeutically in experimental ocular Toxoplasma infections in rabbits. Daily intravenous injections of poly I:C alone or when combined with daily subconjunctival injections of the inducer delayed the appearance of conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, and iritis in Toxoplasma-infected eyes provided that the treatment was started 1 day before the infection. When the treatment was begun at the same time or 1 day after the infection, no delay in the production of the ocular lesions was noted. In no case was the treatment curative or completely suppressive.
Ultrasound-targeted nanoparticle delivery across the blood-brain barrier

The delivery of systemically administered drugs and genes to the CNS is hindered by both the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits transport from the bloodstream to the brain to only a few privileged molecules, and the nanoporous electrostatically charged tissue space, denoted here as the “brain tissue barrier” (BTB). Our group engineers targeted drug and gene delivery approaches, capable of overcoming both of these physical barriers, for the treatment of brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. We focus on nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems, as they offer the potential for enhanced transfection efficiencies and controlled-drug release.
The presence of a C1-inhibitor-like molecule (C1-INH-L) on human sperm: its involvement in sperm motility.

Jiang H, Pillai S, Ruby E, Howard L, Butler WJ, Zhang H. The presence of a Cl-inhibitor-like molecule (CI-INH-L) on human sperm: Its involvement in sperm motility. AJRI 1997; 38:384-390 © Munksgaard, Cophenhagen PROBLEM: An 88-92-kDa C1-inhibitor-like molecule (C1-INH-L) was previously identified to elicit cytotoxic sperm antibody response in infertile men and women. Here, we document that it is present on the human sperm surface and could be detected by an enzyme-labeled immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction of anti-human C1-INH antibody. METHOD OF STUDY: Western blot analysis, enzyme-lined immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and computerized sperm motion analysis. RESULTS: The existence of Cl-INH-L on the sperm surface is calcium independent. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC), EDTA, and acid (pH 3.0) could not remove the Cl-INH-L from sperm, but trypsin did. Activated Cls was able to bind to the sperm surface. Immunofluorescence studies localized the protein to the head and midpiece of the sperm membrane. The Cl -INH-L exists on both uncapacitated and capacitated sperm surfaces, which suggests that this protein is a sperm-surface protein. The heat-treated (56°C, 30 min) IgG fraction of anti-C1-INH greatly reduced the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the progressive and path velocities in the absence of complement. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that C1-INH is a sperm membrane-anchored protein that may have complement and sperm motility regulatory function.
Effects of the primary recoil spectrum on microstructural evolution

Abstract For quantitative predictions and comparisons of microstructures that evolve during exposure to different radiation environments at elevated temperature one needs to develop methods that go beyond those based on the number of displacements per atom. The number of freely migrating defects that contribute to the microstructural development is far less than the total number of defects produced, as has been recognized for some time from measurements of radiation-induced segregation and of radiation-enhanced diffusion. One major reason for the small amount of defects available for long range migration is the high concentration and close spatial correlation of vacancies and, to a somewhat lesser degree, of interstitials in cascades produced by high energy knock-ons. As a consequence, many defects either recombine or form immobile defect clusters during the defect formation and cooling phases of the cascades. After doses exceeding a few tenths of a displacement per atom, the residue of small clusters and dislocation loops of vacancy type remaining in the central portions of energetic cascades and subcascades, is the second major reason for the reduction of the mean free path of defects between creation and annihilation. Defect production in various neutron and ion irradiation environments is discussed in light of these facts. A method to calculate the fraction of freely migrating defects from the cluster size distribution of defects produced in cascades is suggested. The results are in good agreement with available data.
Very stable low band gap polymer for charge storage purposes and near-infrared applications

A new low band gap polymer, poly(1,3-bis(2‘-[3‘,4‘-ethylenedioxy]thienyl)-benzo[c]thiophene-N-2‘ ‘-ethylhexyl-4,5-dicarboximide) P(DEDOT-ITNIm), was synthesized. Electrochemically prepared polymer films were very stable to overoxidation upon p-doping and stable upon n-doping. The low band gap of the polymer films, 1.10 eV, was determined from electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry. Thin polymer films on ITO-coated glass slides showed exceptional optical properties upon both p- and n-doping, these were small changes in the transparency and color of the polymer in the visible region but more dramatic changes in the near-infrared region. The charge storage capacity of P(DEDOT-ITNIm) films is very high when compared to other members of the conducting polymers family, making this polymer a good candidate for charge storage purposes; e.g., as supercapacitors.
Structural and Spectroscopic Comparisons between (μ-Oxo)- and (μ-Hydroxo)bis(μ-carboxylato)diiron(III) Complexes That Contain All-Oxygen-Donor Ligands

Treatment of the (μ-oxo)bis(μ-carboxylato)diiron(III) complex [Fe2(μ-O)(μ-XDK)(CH3OH)6]2+, where XDK2- = the dianion of m-xylylenediamine bis(Kemp's triacid imide), with 2 equiv of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone (hfacH) and Et3N led to substitution of two methanol ligands by a bidentate hfac- anion at each metal center. The green bis(aqua) complex [Fe2(μ-O)(μ-XDK)(hfac)2(H2O)2] (3) was crystallographically characterized and presents water ligands bound trans to the bridging oxo group. Omission of Et3N from the above synthesis afforded an orange adduct, which is assigned as the (μ-hydroxo)(μ-XDK)bis(hfac)diiron(III) complex. Analytically pure samples of this [Fe2(μ-OH)(μ-XDK)(hfac)2(H2O)2]+ (4) cation were obtained as the salt of the noncoordinating anion tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate. Protonation of the oxo bridge in compound 3 leads to significant structural changes that are localized to the {Fe−O−Fe} core. The optical spectrum of 3 contains a broad ligand-field transition centered ...
On the importance of ions and ion-molecule reactions to plasma-surface interface reactions

Ions are known to be key players in many plasma processes, including anisotropic etching, film deposition and surface modification. The relationship between plasma ions, film properties, and surface interactions of other plasma species is not, however, well known. Using our Imaging of Radicals Interacting with Surfaces (IRIS) technique, along with plasma ion mass spectrometry (PI-MS), and surface analysis data, we have measured the effects of ion bombardment on the surface interactions of SiF2 in SiF4 plasmas and of CF2 in C3F8 and C4F8 plasmas. SiF2 is a known product of F-atom etching of Si, and CF2 has also been cited as a product of fluorocarbon etching of Si. With both molecules, we measure surface generation when the surface is bombarded by all the plasma species. Removal of ions from the plasma molecular beam results in a net decrease in surface generation for both molecules at all powers. Results in both systems are compared with the gas-phase ion-molecule reaction data of Armentrout and coworkers. Preliminary guided-ion beam mass spectrometry results taken in the Armentrout laboratories for the Ar+ + C3F8 reaction system are also presented.
The incorporation of Mg2+ and Sr2+ into calcite overgrowths: influences of growth rate and solution composition

Abstract The concentrations of Mg2+ and Sr2+ incorporated within calcite overgrowths precipitated from seawater and related solutions, determined at 25°C, were independent of the precipitation rate over approximately an order of magnitude. The saturation states used to produce this range of precipitation rates varied from 3 to 17 depending on the composition of the solution. The amount of Mg2+ incorporated in the overgrowths was not directly proportional to Mg 2+ Ca 2+ in solution over the entire range (1–20) of ratios studied. Below a ratio of 7.5, the overgrowth was enriched in MgCO3 relative to what is predicted by the constant distribution coefficient measured above a ratio of 7.5. This increased MgCO3 correlates with the relative enrichment of adsorbed Mg2+. Above a ratio of 7.5 the concentration of MgCO3 in the calcite overgrowths followed a classical thermodynamic behavior characterized by a constant distribution coefficient of 0.0123 (±0.008 std dev). The concentration of SrCO3 incorporated in the overgrowths was linearly related to the MgCO3 content of the overgrowths, and is attributed to increased solubility of SrCO3 in calcite due to the incorporation of the smaller Mg2+ ions. The kinetic data indicate that the growth mechanism involves the adsorption of the cations on the surface of the calcite prior to dehydration and final incorporation. It is suggested that dehydration of cations at the surface is the rate controlling step.
Phorbol ester, an activator of protein kinase C, enhances calcium-dependent release of sympathetic neurotransmitter.

The effect of phorbol ester, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, was investigated on the overflow of tritium from 3H-noradrenaline-loaded sympathetic neurons of the isolated perfused salivary gland of the rat. Stimulation (1 Hz for 60 s)-evoked overflow of tritium was enhanced by phorbol ester. A significant enhancement was seen at 1 nmol/l, which increased to a maximum level (over 4-fold) at 30 nmol/l. The spontaneous overflow of radioactivity, however, was not affected by any concentration of phorbol ester. The facilitatory effect of phorbol ester on stimulation-evoked overflow was observed in the presence of inhibitors of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake as well as after removal of negative feedback inhibition of release by presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. Tyramine (7 μmol/l for 10 min) caused a marked increase in the overflow of tritium in either the presence or absence of calcium. However, tyramine-induced overflow was not enhanced by phorbol ester. It is concluded that protein kinase C of sympathetic neurons is involved in an exocytotic release of the transmitter.
Aqiili Agha: The Strongman in the Ethnic Relations of the Ottoman Galilee

The quest for information about a historical figure in this study is part of a larger research into the interethnic relationships among the different groups of Arabs in Galilee: peasants and nomads, Muslims, Christians, and Druzes.1 This paper on a strongman who dominated the Galilee for nearly thirty years is written out of a conviction that in his life-history we can see the dynamics of group relations in his time and that his biography is comparable to those of similar figures in other parts of the world.
Renormalization group analysis of turbulence I. Basic theory

We develop the dynamic renormalization group (RNG) method for hydrodynamic turbulence. This procedure, which uses dynamic scaling and invariance together with iterated perturbation methods, allows us to evaluate transport coefficients and transport equations for the large-scale (slow) modes. The RNG theory, which does not include any experimentally adjustable parameters, gives the following numerical values for important constants of turbulent flows: Kolmogorov constant for the inertial-range spectrumCK=1.617; turbulent Prandtl number for high-Reynolds-number heat transferPt=0.7179; Batchelor constantBa=1.161; and skewness factor¯S3=0.4878. A differentialK-\(\bar \varepsilon \) model is derived, which, in the high-Reynolds-number regions of the flow, gives the algebraic relationv=0.0837 K2/\(\bar \varepsilon \), decay of isotropic turbulence asK=O(t−1.3307), and the von Karman constantκ=0.372. A differential transport model, based on differential relations betweenK,\(\bar \varepsilon \), andν, is derived that is not divergent whenK→ 0 and\(\bar \varepsilon \) is finite. This latter model is particularly useful near walls.
Hydrocephalus decreases chloride efflux from the choroid plexus epithelium

Abstract To explore the novel concept of intrinsic brain regulation of the choroid plexus (CP), we studied the function of the CP exposed to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The function of the CP was evaluated by in vitro chloride (Cl−) efflux from isolated CP 21 days after kaolin induced hydrocephalus. The Cl− efflux was significantly decreased in animals with elevated intracranial pressure (rate constant, K = 0.024 ± 0.001s−1) and enlarged ventricles (K = 0.023 ± 0.001s−1) compared to sham animals (K = 0.031 ± 0.001s−1). In contrast, the Cl− efflux of CP from animals with normal ICP and ventricular size did not differ from sham animals. These results illustrate the first demonstration of regulation of the CP epithelial function with elevated ICP; they also suggest a brain-CP regulatory mechanism that alters CP function.
High order schemes for cylindrical/spherical coordinates with radial symmetry

In this paper, we implement finite volume Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) schemes in both cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems for the Euler equations with cylindrical or spherical symmetry. We analyze three different spatial discretizations: one that is shown to be high-order accurate but not conservative, one conservative but not high-order accurate, and one both high-order accurate and conservative. For cylindrical and spherical coordinates, we present convergence results for the advection equation and the Euler equations with an acoustics problem. We then use the Sod shock tube and the Sedov point-blast problems in spherical coordinates coordinates to verify our analysis and implementations.
Intravenous Injection of Pharmaceutical Tablets Presenting as Multiple Pulmonary Nodules and Declining Pulmonary Function in an Adolescent With Cystic Fibrosis

Here we present the unusual case of an adolescent with cystic fibrosis presenting with declining pulmonary function and diffuse micronodular pulmonary disease. This case illustrates the radiographic and pathologic findings associated with the intravenous injection and pulmonary arterial embolization of insoluble pharmaceutical-tablet constituents. The number of first-time users reporting nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers is increasing dramatically, especially in adolescents. Recognition of both the diagnostic imaging features and histologic features on lung biopsy are critical steps for early diagnosis, intervention, and potential prevention of sudden death in these at-risk patients.
Bessel Models for Lowest Weight Representations of

We prove uniqueness and give precise criteria for existence of split and nonsplit Bessel models for a class of lowest and highest weight representations of the groups and including all holomorphic and antiholomorphic discrete series representations. Explicit formulas for the resulting Bessel functions are obtained by solving systems of differential equations. The formulas are applied to derive an integral representation for a global L-function on GSp(4) × GL(2) involving a vector-valued Siegel modular form of degree 2.
Large scale computer modeling of molecular systems at du Pont

Abstract Computer modeling of molecular systems is becoming important in the chemical industry. Much of this work has been directed towards empirical studies of biochemical systems using molecular graphics techniques. It has now become possible, with the development of both new software and new hardware, to use more rigorous theoretical methods to study molecules of interest to the chemical industry. The interest at du Pont is in theoretical studies of organic systems, especially those of interest in the field of polymers, such as fluorocarbons. The electronic and molecular structure of models for perfluoropolyacetylene (perfluoro-1, 3-butadiene) and Teflon® (perfluoro-n-butane) will be discussed. A brief discussion of the application of theoretical techniques to energetic calculations will be presented with the focus being on molecular ion affinities. Such results are also useful in modeling plasmas and interstellar reactions.
Human Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase and Its Bacterial Homologue Have Different Membrane Topologies and Reaction Mechanisms

Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is essential for the production of reduced vitamin K that is required for modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Three- and four-transmembrane domain (TMD) topology models have been proposed for VKOR. They are based on in vitro glycosylation mapping of the human enzyme and the crystal structure of a bacterial (Synechococcus) homologue, respectively. These two models place the functionally disputed conserved loop cysteines, Cys-43 and Cys-51, on different sides of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. In this study, we fused green fluorescent protein to the N or C terminus of human VKOR, expressed these fusions in HEK293 cells, and examined their topologies by fluorescence protease protection assays. Our results show that the N terminus of VKOR resides in the ER lumen, whereas its C terminus is in the cytoplasm. Selective modification of cysteines by polyethylene glycol maleimide confirms the cytoplasmic location of the conserved loop cysteines. Both results support a three-TMD model of VKOR. Interestingly, human VKOR can be changed to a four-TMD molecule by mutating the charged residues flanking the first TMD. Cell-based activity assays show that this four-TMD molecule is fully active. Furthermore, the conserved loop cysteines, which are essential for intramolecular electron transfer in the bacterial VKOR homologue, are not required for human VKOR whether they are located in the cytoplasm (three-TMD molecule) or the ER lumen (four-TMD molecule). Our results confirm that human VKOR is a three-TMD protein. Moreover, the conserved loop cysteines apparently play different roles in human VKOR and in its bacterial homologues.
CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF THE TIBIA.

(1964). Congenital Absence of the Tibia. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 337-348.
Regional patterns of basin and range structure determined from gravity data of Nevada

the horizontal-gradient method of Cordell (1979). from Bouguer gravity data compiled and gridded by Saltus (1988). The method is based on the principle that a nearvertical, fault-like boundary produces a gravity anomaly whose horizontal gradient has the largest magnitude directly over the top edge of the The loci of maxima of the horizontalboundary. gradient magnitude, determined automatically according to a pre-selected “significance” criterion, approximate the locations of steep density boundaries (Blakely and Simpson, 1986). The accuracies of the boundary locations The density boundary map, which constitutes a plot of spots that represent individual gradient maxima, shows relative horizontal-gradient magnitude by the size of the spots. The greatest limitation of the map is the lack of accuracy in areas where station spacing was sparse, which is especially common in northern Nevada. Nevertheless, the patterns of the density boundary map provide an excellent overview of basin-range structure, especially in central Nevada. derived by this method primarily depend on how well real boundaries approximate simple, vertical Many of the computed density boundaries
Subharmonic generation, chaos, and subharmonic resurrection in an acoustically driven fluid-filled cavity

Traveling wave solutions of the nonlinear acoustic wave equation are obtained for the fundamental and second harmonic resonances of a fluid-filled cavity. The solutions lead to the development of a non-autonomous toy model for cavity oscillations. Application of the Melnikov method to the model equation predicts homoclinic bifurcation of the Smale horseshoe type leading to a cascade of period doublings with increasing drive displacement amplitude culminating in chaos. The threshold value of the drive displacement amplitude at tangency is obtained in terms of the acoustic drive frequency and fluid attenuation coefficient. The model prediction of subharmonic generation leading to chaos is validated from acousto-optic diffraction measurements in a water-filled cavity using a 5 MHz acoustic drive frequency and from the measured frequency spectrum in the bifurcation cascade regime. The calculated resonant threshold amplitude of 0.2 nm for tangency is consistent with values estimated for the experimental set-up. Experimental evidence for the appearance of a stable subharmonic beyond chaos is reported.
Bladder neck suspension for stress urinary incontinence: how does it work?

The objective of this study was to compare urethral resistance as determined in pressure-flow studies before and after Burch retropubic urethropexy. Urethral resistance was retrospectively determined from pressure-flow studies in 178 patients before and 1 year after Burch retropubic urethropexy. Results of cotton swab tests, pressure transmission to the proximal urethra, and urethral functional length were also recorded. Results were analyzed statistically using the two-tailed paired t-test. Voiding studies in 176 patients were analyzed before and after Burch retropubic urethropexy. Mean urethral resistance increased significantly over preoperative values after successful surgery, from 0.051 to 0.099. The mean urethral resistance in patients in whom surgery failed to cure stress incontinence was unchanged from the preoperative value of 0.041. There was no direct correlation between stabilizing the bladder base, as evaluated by the cotton swab test, and cure of stress incontinence. When successful in curing genuine stress urinary incontinence, the Burch retropubic urethropexy increases urethral resistance. Creating bladder neck support without affecting urethral resistance does not, by itself, restore continence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 18:623–627, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Response to Nestling Throat Ligatures by Three Songbirds

Abstract We attempted to collect diet samples using throat ligatures from nestlings of three songbird species in a riparian woodland in southeastern Arizona from May to August 2009. We had success with Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), observed adult Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens) reclaim food from nestlings, and discontinued the use of throat ligatures when we observed an adult Abert's Towhee (Pipilo aberti) remove two, 3–4-day-old ligatured nestlings from its nest. Previous studies have reported problems (e.g., aggression toward nestlings by adults) with throat ligatures, but we are the first to document removal (and subsequent nestling mortality) in response to this technique. We urge investigators to exercise caution when using throat ligatures on species for which evidence of the safety and efficacy of this method are lacking, especially when nestlings are small in size relative to adults.
A possible role for adhesion molecules in asthma

Recently interest has increased tremendously in the possible roles of adhesion molecules on inflammatory cells, vascular endothelium, and matrlx proteins in the allergic inflammatory response. The authors have reviewed some of the recent findings and speculated about their implications, with the understanding that some of the conclusions will require confirmation by in vivo studies of allergic reactions.