cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium bifurcations and chaotic transitions in coupled microlaser lattices

Analytic and simulation studies for the steady-state equilibria and bifurcations of coupled microlaser arrays are described. Lateral cavity interactions affect the gain in each cavity, leading to active photonic lattice behavior, equivalent to a nonlinear coupled oscillator lattice. The coupled-cavity rate equations are employed to follow the coherent photon and carrier population in each lattice site. Fixed-point-type steady states, of constant lattice phase shift, result for low coupling strengths; the radiation envelope for these states conforms with a periodic Bloch state over the array. Bifurcations to limit cycles of increasing complexity occur at higher coupling via period doubling sequences. The associated spatial patterns of photon and carrier lattice distribution resemble photonic convection cells. Limit cycles of different periods, emanating mathematically from different original fixed points, coexist at high strengths, each one accessible from different initial conditions. The multiplicity of possible limit cycles in systems with many degrees of freedom (number of lattice sites) combined with changes in their accessibility from initial conditions offers new insights to chaotic transitions, compared to low dimensionality paradigms.
Polycystic liver disease with obstructive jaundice: Treatment with ultrasound-guided cyst aspiration

A 59-year-old woman with polycystic liver (PCLD) and kidney disease (PCKD) presented with jaundice, fever, and abdominal pain. A computered tomographic (CT) scan performed immediately after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) clearly demonstrated a hepatic cyst obstructing the biliary system. The cyst was then aspirated under ultrasound guidance with complete relief of obstruction.
Carbohydrate composition of purified human liver alpha-L-fucosidase.

Human liver α-L-fucosidase was purified to apparent homogeneity and analyzed for carbohydrate content primarily by gas-liquid chromatography (glc). The enzyme is about 7% carbohydrate by weight and contains the following sugars (residues per 50,000 molecular weight subunit): mannose (8.3), glucosamine (4.3) (presumably N-acetylated), sialic acid (1.6) and glucose (1.6). Galactose (0.8) and L-fucose (1.8) were also found but their presence may be due to artifacts of the purification procedure.
Ion current in a magnetic neutral region: Generation of an incipient magnetopause

The current contributed by ions trapped in the vicinity of a magnetic X line is calculated. The three dimensional configuration of the neutral region is found to be critical in determining the current in that the escape mechanism and trapping times depend on the three-dimensional aspects. A trapping criterion is defined. In the neutral region the ions can gain substantial kinetic energy, and the current will change the X line configuration in such a way that there will be a positive feedback effect, rapidly forming an extended magnetopauselike structure for even very small incident plasma densities.
Predictors of Survival in Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck

Background The head and neck is the most common site of mucosal melanoma, a cancer with poor prognosis. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, mucosal melanoma of the head and neck (MMHN) is uncommon, with limited data regarding outcomes and prognostic factors drawn from small, single-institution case series. In order to identify factors predictive of survival, we analyzed MMHN outcomes in a large US cohort.
Differential requirement of GRP94 and GRP78 in mammary gland development

Glucose Regulated Protein (GRP) 94 and GRP78 are critical molecular chaperones and regulators of signaling. Conditional knockout mouse models have revealed tissue specific requirements for GRP94 and GRP78, including selection for allele retention in specific cell types. Here we report the consequences of mammary-targeted knockout of these GRPs. Our studies revealed that MMTV-Cre, Grp94(f/f) mammary glands, despite GRP94 deficiency, exhibited normal proliferation and ductal morphogenesis. Interestingly, MMTV-Cre, Grp78(f/f) mammary glands displayed only slightly reduced GRP78 protein levels, associating with the retention of the non-recombined Grp78 floxed alleles in isolated mammary epithelial cells and displayed phenotypes comparable to wild-type glands. In contrast, transduction of isolated Grp78(f/f) mammary epithelial stem/progenitor cells with adenovirus expressing GFP and Cre-recombinase was successful in GRP78 ablation, and the GFP sorted cells failed to give rise to repopulated mammary glands in de-epithelialized recipient mice. These studies imply GRP78, but not GRP94, is required for mammary gland development.
Suppression of Plasma Renin and Plasma Aldosterone During Water Immersion in Normal Man

Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the redistribution of blood volume and concomitant relative central hypervolemia induced by water immersion to the neck (NI) results in a significant natriuresis which is quantitatively identical to that induced by the acute administration of 2 liters of saline. Since the central hypervolemia induced by NI occurs without concomitant alterations in serum sodium and potassium concentration, the NI model was utilized to assess the role of volume in the regulation of both plasma renin (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) in man. Nine normal subjects were studied on two occasions while in balance on a 10 meq Na, 100 meq K diet: Control and NI. The conditions of seated posture and time of day were identical. Blood for PRA and PA was obtained at 30-min intervals for 6 h. NI produced a profound suppression of PRA as early as 30 min with maximal suppression (62%) by 180 min(P < 0.001). Recovery from NI was associated with a prompt return to prestudy levels....
3D EIT for breast cancer imaging: System, measurements, and reconstruction

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a developing imaging modality for early detection of breast cancer. In an EIT system, a low-frequency current is applied sequentially between different electrode pairs while voltage measurements are made at other electrodes to arrive at the electrical impedance values. The set of impedance measurement data is then computed to produce a 3D electrical conductivity map of the volume to be imaged. In this work, the design, measurements, and inversion of a full 3D EIT system are discussed. Experimentally determined EIT images of phantom objects are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3261–3271, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23932
Perceptual Biases, Graffiti and Fraternity Crime: Points of Deflection that Distort Social Justice

Although the official, law-enforcement policy in Bloomington, Indiana, categorized graffiti as vandalism, prominently displayed graffiti produced by Indiana University's student organizations escaped criminalization. This article documents the differential, criminal justice treatment of graffiti vandalism based on the group producing it thereby reaffirming the existence of a class-based system of justice. This article also uncovers a hidden bias inherent in Chambliss' “The Saints and the Roughnecks” by arguing that university students, whose graffiti do not receive negative sanctioning, represent Saints at the college level who exhibit criminal behavior. University-level lessons about how the crimes of the privileged go unprosecuted or become transformed into civil rather than criminal events could very well pave the way for further crimes after graduation rather than the “Saintly” adulthood implied by Chambliss. More research into the alternate system of justice used with regard to university students could shed light on both the problems and possibilities encountered when implementing alternate systems of social justice.
Transcortical striate connections in the opossum.

Extracellular unit responses to transcortical stimulus confirm striate to striate connections in the opossum. The presence of short latency fiber responses and antidromically activated cells indicate that these connections are direct. Responding units were located over all of the dorsal surface with the exception of small mediocaudal area. The depth of location corresponded to layers two through six of the striate cortex. A lack of correlation between the depth of location and the latency of firing indicates that the incoming fibers are distributed to all layers with the exception of layer one. Units were located which responded to both a transcortical stimulus and a flash of light presented to the contralateral eye. These interacting units were localized to a discrete position of the striate area. This arrangement presents a possible mechanism of tying the visual fields together in the binocular area and allowing continuity between the left and right visual fields.
Superiority of C-11 acetate compared with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose in predicting myocardial functional recovery by positron emission tomography in patients with acute myocardial infarction☆

In patients with chronic coronary artery disease, preservation of myocardial oxidative metabolism measured by positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-acetate is a more accurate predictor of subsequent myocardial functional recovery than is maintenance of glucose metabolism estimated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. However, whether measurements of myocardial oxidative metabolism are more accurate than measurements of glucose metabolism in predicting functional recovery in patients with recent myocardial infarction is unknown. Myocardial oxidative metabolism was measured within 10 days of infarction in 19 patients by analysis of the rate of myocardial clearance of 11C-acetate. Metabolism of glucose was assessed by analysis of the uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Criteria for prediction of the recovery of function based on measurements of oxidative metabolism and glucose metabolism were compared. Threshold criteria with 11C-acetate exhibited superior positive and negative predictive values (89% and 73%, respectively) compared with the criteria of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (65% and 57%, respectively) (p <0.025). In addition, the magnitude of functional recovery after revascularization correlated with the severity of the metabolic abnormality present initially. In patients with recent myocardial infarction, the extent of functional recovery can be predicted accurately by measurement of regional oxidative metabolism by PET with 11C-acetate, and these measurements are superior to those of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose.
Severe Endogenous Hypertriglyceridemia During Treatment with Estrogen and Oral Contraceptives

ABSTRACT Many women taking contraceptives or their estrogen component mestranol develop slightly increased plasma triglycerides (TG). Unusually elevated TG developed in 2 subjects, a woman taking sequential mestranol and chlormadinone acetate, and a diabetic man taking mestranol. Before treatment both patients had mild endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and increased pre-beta lipoproteins. TG levels were 221 and 248 mg/100 ml and reached levels of 1948 in 6 months and of 1240 mg/100 ml in 2 months, respectively. Changes in serum cholesterol paralleled TG but were not as great. Plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity was normal at the height of the hypertriglyceridemia. One patient had initially normal glucose tolerance and the other had diabetic glucose tolerance, and both had high levels of immunoreactive insulin in response to glucose. Clofibrate induced a prompt decrease in the hyperlipemia in one patient. Discontinuation of all treatment was followed by decrease of TG and cholesterol to initial levels, wi...
Dynamin 2 Is Required for Phagocytosis in Macrophages

Cells internalize soluble ligands through endocytosis and large particles through actin-based phagocytosis. The dynamin family of GTPases mediates the scission of endocytic vesicles from the plasma membrane. We report here that dynamin 2, a ubiquitously expressed dynamin isoform, has a role in phagocytosis in macrophages. Dynamin 2 is enriched on early phagosomes, and expression of a dominant-negative mutant of dynamin 2 significantly inhibits particle internalization at the stage of membrane extension around the particle. This arrest in phagocytosis resembles that seen with inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and inhibition of PI3K prevents the recruitment of dynamin to the site of particle binding. Although expression of mutant dynamin in macrophages inhibited particle internalization, it had no effect on the production of inflammatory mediators elicited by particle binding.
CluLoR: Clustered Localized Routing for FiWi Networks

The integration of passive optical networks (PONs) and wireless mesh networks (WMNs) into Fiber- Wireless (FiWi) networks can lead to effective access networks. Existing routing schemes for FiWi networks consider mainly hop-count and delay metrics over a flat WMN node topology and do not specifically prioritize the local network structure, i.e., the local wireless-optical network gateway. In this study, we explore a simple, yet effective routing algorithm for FiWi networks with a WMN organized into zones operating on different radio channels. We examine the effects of routing the traffic into and out of a zone through one or more cluster heads. We investigate the effectiveness of localized routing that prioritizes transmissions over the local gateway to the optical network and avoids wireless packet transmissions in zones that do not contain the packet source or destination. We find that this combination of clustered and localized routing (CluLoR) gives good throughput-delay performance compared to routing schemes that transmit packets wirelessly through “transit zones” (that do not contain the packet source or destination) following minimum hop-count routing.
Wiring zinc in three dimensions re-writes battery performance—dendrite-free cycling

Zinc-based batteries offer a safe, inexpensive alternative to fire-prone lithium-based batteries, but zinc-based batteries do not exhibit sufficient rechargeability—yet. Breaking through the centuries-old roadblock to zinc-based rechargeable batteries requires rethinking the electrode structure in order to control how zinc converts to zinc oxide during battery discharge and how the oxide is reversed back to metal upon recharging. We address the problems of inefficient zinc utilization and limited rechargeability by redesigning the zinc electrode as a porous, monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) aperiodic architecture. Utilization approaches 90% (728 mA h gZn−1) when the zinc “sponge” is used as the anode in a primary (single-use) zinc–air cell. To probe rechargeability of the 3D Zn sponge, we cycled Zn–vs.–Zn symmetric cells and Ag–Zn full cells under conditions that would otherwise support dendrite growth, and yet the Zn sponges remain dendrite-free after extensive cycling up to 188 mA h gZn−1. By using 3D-wired zinc architectures that innately suppress dendrite formation, all zinc-based chemistries can be reformulated for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
Process optimization in stamping—a case study for flanging a clutch hub from steel plate

Abstract A large variety of bending and flanging processes is required in stamping for automotive applications. Traditionally the design process for bending and flanging tools is based on trial-and-error and on the skill of experienced die-makers. This approach results in high development cost and long lead-times. Computer simulations are excellent tools to predict and evaluate the tool and process design. In the present case study, the deformation could be predicted by finite-element method (FEM) techniques. From simulations, it was observed that the present process failed to obtain the dimensional requirements while maintaining sufficient strength (no fracture) of the part. A number of design modifications have been evaluated to determine the optimum parameters for the selected process conditions. The results have been validated with observations of the actual process.
Hollywood Modernism: Film and Politics in the Age of the New Deal

Acknowledgments Introduction: Taking Hollywood Seriously 1. Modernism, Itellectual Immigrants, and the Rebirth of Hollywood 2. Salons, Bookstores, and Anti-Nazism: The Remaking of the Hollywood Community 3. The Making of an Anti-Fascist Community 4. Hollywood Unraveled: Community and Style, 1939-1941 5. The "Only Respectable Clothes": Progressive Hollywood and Democratic Realism during World War II 6. Audiences, "People," and the Avant-Garde: The Collapse of the Hollywood Community 7. "Weary Standard-Bearers of Progress": Hollywood Progressive Cinema and the Crisis of the Hollywood Community Conclusion: One Last Hollywood Self-Portrait Notes Index
The Ecumenical Vision of John A. Mackay

Despite a religious background that he himself later called “completely parochial,” John Mackay matured into a Christian leader with a remarkably inclusive vision. “If it is to be truly ecumenical,...
Late Holocene sedimentation in a high Arctic coastal setting: Simpson Lagoon and Colville Delta, Alaska

Abstract Arctic coastal environments near major river outfalls, like Simpson Lagoon, Alaska and the adjacent Colville River Delta, potentially contain high-resolution sediment records useful in elucidating late Holocene Arctic sediment transport pathways and coupled terrestrial-ocean evidence of paleoclimate variability. This study utilizes a multi-tracer geochronology approach (137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 14C) tailored for high-latitude environments to determine the age models for cores collected from Simpson Lagoon, and to date seismic boundaries in shallow acoustic reflection data (CHIRP) to examine late Holocene infill patterns. Modern (~100 y) sediment accumulation rates range from 5 m of late Holocene interbedded sediments, likely derived primarily from the Colville River, with onset of accumulation occurring prior to ~3500 y BP. A paleo-high in central Simpson Lagoon, separating the two depocenters, was subaerially exposed prior to ~600 y BP. The millimeters-per-year sedimentation rates across the lagoon, coupled with the undisturbed, interbedded sediment record, indicate that these settings hold great potential to develop new Arctic paleoenvironmental records.
Biophysics of animal response to an electrostatic field

Numerous reports have described biological effects in animals exposed to electrostatic fields. Present equilibrium theory does not envision such effects because the bulk conductivity of biological tissue is generally held to prevent penetration of the applied electric field. Employing a two-layer mathematical model of an animal exposed to an electrostatic field we show that if the transient response of the animal is considered, then electric fields of significant strength and periodicity can occur inside the animal. We show also that the total energy available to an animal in an electrostatic field is extraordinarily small, and therefore that the biological effects associated with such exposure are not energetically driven by the applied field.
Trophic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on fetal rat hypothalamic cells: interactions with insulin-like growth factor I

Abstract The existence of different growth factors within a single brain region suggests that developing brain cells are exposed to a variety of trophic factors throughout neurogenesis. Cooperative interactions between growth factors are known to orchestrate growth and differentiation of various cell types. We explored the possibility that two growth factors may interact in promoting in vitro growth in fetal hypothalamic cells. We found that basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) exerts trophic effects on primary mixed hypothalamic cell cultures, on enriched hypothalamic neuronal cultures, and on hypothalamic glial cultures. In addition, b-FGF increased the growth rate of two virally transformed hypothalamic cell lines. Since insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) also promotes growth of rat hypothalamic cells in vitro, we examined the combined effects of b-FGF and IGF-I on hypothalamic cells. Significantly higher numbers of neurite-bearing cells were present in primary mixed hypothalamic cultures when b-FGF and IGF-I were added together than when they were added separately. The effect was additive. These results establish b-FGF as a putative hypothalamic neurotrophic factor and demonstrate potential coordinate interactions between IGF-I and b-FGF in stimulating the growth or survival of developing hypothalamic cells.
Predictive specification of prior model probabilities in variable selection

SUMMARY We examine the problem of specifying prior probabilities for all possible subset models in the context of variable selection in normal linear models. A solution is proposed that uses a prior prediction for the observable, an associated weight, and prior opinion regarding error precision as the only required input. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the method.
Functions as objects in a data flow based visual language

Data flow based visual programming languages are an active area of research in visual programming languages. Some recent data flow visual programming languages have implemented higher order functions, allowing functions to be passed to/from functions. This paper describes a data flow visual programming language in which the first class citizenship of programs have been taken a step further, and programs can be manipulated as data with the same kind of flexibility that LISP offers in manipulating programs as data.
Solvent dependence of the relative Raman trace scattering intensity of the isolated CH stretching bands of cyclohexane-d11☆

Abstract The trace scattering Raman spectra of several solutions of cyclohexane- d 11 have been measured to observe the solvent dependence of the relative intensities of bands due to the isolated axial and equatorial CH stretching vibrations. The band positions and widths and their relative areas were determined. Significant changes in the relative band intensities were observed, both among the various solution spectra, and between the liquid and vapor phase spectra. These variations are attributed to changes in the relative scattering cross section for the two bands; however, a detailed explanation cannot be offered at this time.
Sputtering of titanium carbide coatings under D+ and 4He+ ion bombardment: Total sputter yields and angular distribution

Abstract The release of sputtered materials from chemically vapor-deposited titanium carbide coatings on Poco graphite substrates was studied for surfaces which had been mechanically polished prior to irradiation or left in their as-deposited state. These coatings were irradiated with mass-analyzed D + and 4 He + ions with energies ranging from 1.5 to 60 keV at ambient temperature and normal incidence. The equivalent titanium and carbon thicknesses of the sputter deposits were determined by the Rutherford backscattering technique. The experimentally determined total sputtering yields for both polished and unpolished titanium carbide coatings were observed to decrease as the D + and 4 He + ion energies increase above 3 keV. This trend is in agreement with theoretical predictions. The total yields for the unpolished surfaces are higher than those for the polished surfaces. The relevance of these data to the fusion program will be discussed.
Primary generalized epilepsy: a risk factor for seizures in labor and delivery?

Abstract Purpose: Women in the United States who have epilepsy give birth to about 20000 newborns every year. Because seizures during late gestation and delivery may seriously affect the fetus, and because primary generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizures may occur during labor and delivery in 1–2% of women with epilepsy, we attempted to define the rate, risks, and causes of seizures during labor and delivery. Methods: To characterize seizures during labor and delivery, we retrospectively analyzed 89 consecutive pregnancies of women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Six epileptologists in our group had treated these patients. We confirmed data and acquired new information by telephone for 83.1% of the pregnancies, and categorized the women as having primary generalized or partial epilepsy. Most of the patients (78%) were on monotherapy during pregnancy; 20% took two AEDs, and 3% took three AEDs during that period. Results: Seizures during labor and delivery occurred in 4/32 (12.5%) patients with primary generalized epilepsy, but in none of the 57 women with partial epilepsy ( P Conclusions: Maintaining therapeutic AED levels during the last trimester may help prevent seizures during labor and delivery, especially in women with generalized epilepsy. Women with epilepsy who had subtherapeutic AED levels and had been seizure-free may be at-risk for seizures during labor and delivery. Our sample was small, and a random sampling bias may have affected the results.
P770Method to enhance immunofluorescence detection of cardiovascular biomarkers

Changes in bio-marker expression in various cardiovascular disorders can be demonstrated by mRNA expression concentration and cardiac proteins by ELISA, histology, immunohistology or immunofluorescence. The latter methods are less sensitive but are cheaper. We now report the development of enhanced immunofluorescence detection of a cardiovascular biomarker, cardiac myosin (CM), by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using pretargeting of CM with bispecific antibody (bsAb) and targeting with multi-Rhodamine conjugated negatively charged polymers that show signal amplification, no fluorescence quenching and low background activity. Methods: bsAb was made by covalent conjugation of monoclonal anti-myosin and anti-DTPA antibodies via thioether bonds. Rhodamine conjugated polymers were made by simultaneous covalent conjugation of 20X molar concentrations of Rhodamine-isothiocyanate (RITC) and anhydride of DTPA to 13.8 kDa polylysine polymers followed by succinylation (R-DSPL). Embryonic cardiocytes or frozen-murine cardiac tissue (10 μ) sections after pretargeting with bsAb (1, 0.1 and 0.01μg/ml) were targeted with the R-DSPL. Controls consisted of anti-myosin RITC, Anti-DTPA-RICT, rabbit anti-murine IgG-RITC or the antibodies labeled with TRITC (1, 0.1, and 0.01). Results: The 20X R-DSPL contained 18 moles RITC and 30 moles DTPA per mole of polylysine. The distance between adjacent RITC in the 20X polymers was calculated to be approximately 33.6 Angstroms (A). CM in frozen sections still showed fluorescence signal pretargeted with 0.01μg/ml bsAb concentration and targeted with 20X R-DSPL whereas anti-myosin-RITC showed about the same fluorescence at 10 μg/ml concentration. Flow cytometry also confirmed that the pretargeting signal with 1 μg/ml of bsAb was 5 times greater than that obtained with 5 μg/ml of Rhodamine conjugated anti-myosin. Conclusions: The use of polymer as carriers of multiple fluorophores for targeting after pretargeting with bsAb resulted in fluorescence signal amplification by at least 1000 times. This method of signal enhancement may allow higher sensitivity detection of changes in other cardiac bio-marker associated with development of various cardiovascular disorders.
Evaluation of diabetic foot ulcer development using hyperspectral imaging

The World Health Organization estimates that more than 180 million people worldwide have diabetes. This number is expected to double by 2030. In 2008, diabetes affected over 21 million Americans corresponding to an estimated 7.9% of the population. Foot ulceration is a debilitating comorbidity of diabetes and a leading cause of hospitalization that can result in loss of mobility and amputation. Studies have shown that (i) 15% of all diabetic patients develop a foot ulcer at least once in their life and (ii) foot ulcers precede about 85% of all lower limb amputations among diabetic patients. In the United States alone, more than 88,000 amputations are performed annually on diabetic patients. Treatment of infected and/or ischemic diabetic foot ulcers accounts for about 25% of all hospital days and the costs of foot disorder diagnosis and management are estimated at several billion dollars annually. Thus, early detection of foot ulcer formation could reduce the human and financial costs of the disease. It can assist clinicians in early preventive therapy including unloading or prescribing appropriate orthotics or footgear. Predictions of healing probability could also increase the limb salvation rate.
Genome organization of major tandem repeats in the hard tick, Ixodes scapularis

In spite of the global medical and veterinary importance of Ixodid ticks, relatively little is known about their genome organization. To address this, we developed the first fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based chromosome markers in the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis. Shotgun genomic DNA (gDNA) sequences were used to identify three major tandem repeat families which were localized to specific heterochromatic regions of I. scapularis chromosomes prepared from the mitotic cell line ISE18. Together, these repeats were estimated to contribute ∼159 Mb (8%) of the 2.1 Gb (haploid) I. scapularis genome. The relative arrangement of each tandem repeat family and the nucleolar organizing regions was determined by rehybridization to individual chromosome spreads, which was useful to distinguish different chromosomes in the ISE18 karyotype. Long stretches (>20 kb) of tandem repeat-containing gDNA were resistant to digestion by the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme HpaII and localized to the presumed peri-centromeric regions of the chromosomes. A telomeric probe based on the arthropod-conserved (TTAGG) n tandemly repetitive motif was localized to the termini of each I. scapularis chromosome. Localization of these markers produced the first link between DNA sequences and major structural features of I. scapularis chromosomes and thereby provided the framework for a FISH-based physical map.
Experimental study of the thermal conductivity of toluene at high pressures

The experimental apparatus used for determining the thermal conductivity of toluene at temperatures of 0–180°C and pressures of 0.098-49.0 MN/m2 is described, and some of the results are presented. Computing relationships providing an excellent representation of the experimental data are derived.
Hadronic wave equations from lattice gauge theories: The breathing modes on a restricted lattice

A continuum limit of the lattice gauge theory restricted to the hadron sector is proposed. Details of the appropriateness of formulating such a limit within a specific scheme of approximation are discussed for the quarkless hadron sector. The general method is then applied to the gauge fields, with the restriction that motions occur only along one spatial direction. This leads to a continuum eigenvalue equation for the spectrum of internal excitations associated with fluctuations in the length of the electric flux line. In addition, a nontrivial renormalization condition is encountered if one insists on a relativistic form for the spectrum. A speculative method for dealing with this condition is proposed---the method eliminates the lattice spacing and removes the coupling constant as a free parameter, as in dimensional transmutation. Alternative possibilities for restoring covariance in the hadronic sector of the theory are discussed.
Cardiac aspergillosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Abstract Cardiac aspergillosis has not been described in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this report we describe such a case.
Cerebellar function in autism: Functional magnetic resonance image activation during a simple motor task

Background The cerebellum is one of the most consistent sites of neuroanatomic abnormality in autism, yet it is still unclear how such pathology impacts cerebellar function. In normal subjects, we previously demonstrated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) a dissociation between cerebellar regions involved in attention and those involved in a simple motor task, with motor activation localized to the anterior cerebellum ipsilateral to the moving hand. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine activation in the cerebella of autistic patients and normal control subjects performing this motor task. Methods We studied eight autistic patients and eight matched normal subjects, using fMRI. An anatomic region-of-interest approach was used, allowing a detailed examination of cerebellar function. Results Autistic individuals showed significantly increased motor activation in the ipsilateral anterior cerebellar hemisphere relative to normal subjects, in addition to atypical activation in contralateral and posterior cerebellar regions. Moreover, increased activation was correlated with the degree of cerebellar structural abnormality. Conclusions These findings strongly suggest dysfunction of the autistic cerebellum that is a reflection of cerebellar anatomic abnormality. This neurofunctional deficit might be a key contributor to the development of certain diagnostic features of autism (e.g., impaired communication and social interaction, restricted interests, and stereotyped behaviors).
Vascular permeability factor: dissociation from the angiotensin II induced pressor and drinking responses.

THE parenteral administration of saline extracts of renal tissue to nephrectomized animals of various species causes protracted elevation of blood pressure, increased drinking, formation of ascites and pleural effusions, and arteriolar necrosis1–7. While renin has been implicated in pathogenesis as it is a major component of saline renal extracts, the mechanisms producing these various phenomena and their interrelationship remain unclear. It has been postulated5,6 that the blood pressure response is due to angiotensin II generated by the renin-rich extract and the effusions caused by changes in vascular permeability induced by the blood pressure elevation. Asscher7, however, suggested that another factor of renal origin was involved which increased vascular permeability to plasma proteins.
Providing Controlled Quality Assurance for Streaming Stored-Videos Across the Internet Using VPNs

Video Streaming across wide-area networks is one of the most important applications on the Internet. In this paper we focus on the quality assurance issue on best-effort networks and propose a practical technique, named staggered two-flow video streaming. We deliver a stored video through two separate flows in a staggered fashion via a VPN pipe from a central server to a proxy server. One flow containing the essential portion of the video is delivered using a novel controlled TCP (cTCP), and the other flow containing the enhanced portion of the video is transmitted using a rate-controlled RTP/UDP (rUDP). To provide video-quality assurance in such a system, we design several application-aware flow-control and adaptation approaches to control bandwidth sharing and interactions among flows by exploiting the inherent priority structure in videos, the storage space on proxy servers and the coarse-grain bandwidth assurance of VPN. Our experiments using FreeBSD and simulations on NS2 both have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed technique in protecting essential data and significantly reducing the numbers of packets retransmitted/lost in transmission and the sizes of video prefixes required on proxy servers. In summary, our application-aware approach provides stable and predictable performance in streaming videos across wide-area best-effort networks. In addition, another salient feature of our approach is that it requires no changes on the client-receiving side and minimal changes on the server-sending side.
Comparison of the 1942 and 1943 water‐supply forecast with the measured runoff for Columbia River basin

The winter of 1942–43 was characterized by the greatest mountain snow-cover since snow-surveys in Columbia River Basin were initiated. Likewise the snow-water depth as indicated by snow-surveys was larger than ever before. Considerable extension of forecast curves was required to determine the probable runoff.
Hydrogen-conducting electrolyte configurations

Abstract A new type of electrochemical cell is described that can be employed to electrochemically transport hydrogen. It consists of a unique three layer solid/liquid/solid (S/L/S) sandwich configuration with a thin film hydride-conducting liquid electrolyte between two hydrogen-transparent mixed-conducting metal electrodes. Its general characteristics and prospects for several types of applications will be discussed.
Optical constants from mirror reflectivities measured at synchrotrons

Improved mirror reflectivity measurement techniques have been introduced to permit more accurate determinations of optical constants delta and beta in the complex index of refraction n = 1 - delta - i(beta) over the energy range 50 to 5000 eV. When the density has been determined by X-ray or other means, one can calculate the real and imaginary parts, f-prime and f-double prime, of the complex atomic scattering factor f = f(o) + f-prime + if-double prime from delta and beta. Preliminary results are given for the Ni LIII edge around 852 eV, and the Au M edge region from 2150 to 3500 eV. Since these are the first experimental evaluations of delta for these element edges, they are compared with appropriate reservations to semiempirical tabulations. There is much potential for this technique applied to synchrotron sources.
Rapid Prediction of Rice Quality Characteristics by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Breeding Programs

ABSTRACT Breeding of high-quality rice requires quick methods to evaluate the quality characteristics such as milling, grain appearance, nutritional, eating, and cooking qualities. Because routine measurements of these quality traits are time consuming and expensive, a rapid predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be applied to measure these quality parameters. In this study, calibration models for measurement of grain quality were developed using a total of 570 brown and milled rice samples. The results indicated that the models developed from the spectra of brown rice for all the quality traits had the coefficient of determination for external validation (R2) larger than 0.64 except for gel consistency. The best model was developed for the protein content, with R2 of 0.94 for external validation. The model for the total score of physicochemical characteristics (TSPC), a comprehensive index reflecting all other traits, had R2 of 0.70 and SD/SEP of 1.70, which indicates that high ...
Age-related changes in place learning for adjacent and separate locations

The effect of spatial interference on place learning was examined in young and old rats. Rats were trained on a radial 8-arm maze to discriminate between a reward arm and a nonreward arm that either were adjacent to each other (high spatial interference) or separated by a distance of 2 arm positions (low spatial interference). Each rat was tested until reaching a criterion of 9 correct choices out of 10 trials across 2 consecutive days. The data revealed that old rats committed significantly more errors than young rats when the arms were adjacent and spatial interference was high. However, no group differences were detected when the arms were separated and spatial interference was low. Group differences also were not detected in the number of trials required to reach the learning criterion in either condition. The results indicate that age-related brain changes result in increased errors during place learning, particularly when spatial interference is high, suggesting that spatial pattern separation might be less efficient in aged animals.
Incorporation of biomimetic matrix molecules in PEG hydrogels enhances matrix deposition and reduces load-induced loss of chondrocyte-secreted matrix

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels offer numerous advantages in designing controlled 3D environments for cartilage regeneration, but offer little biorecognition for the cells. Incorporating molecules that more closely mimic the native tissue may provide key signals for matrix synthesis and may also help in the retention of neotissue, particularly when mechanical stimulation is employed. Therefore, this research tested the hypothesis that exogenous hyaluronan encapsulated within PEG hydrogels improves tissue deposition by chondrocytes, while the incorporation of Link-N(DHLSDNYTLDHDRAIH), a fragment of link protein which is involved in stabilizing hyaluronan and aggrecan in cartilage, aids in the retention of the entrapped hyaluronan as well as cell-secreted glycosaminoglycans, particularly when dynamic loading is employed. The incorporation of Link-N as covalent tethers resulted in a significant reduction, ~60%, in the loss of entrapped exogenous hyaluronan under dynamic stimulation. When chondrocytes were encapsulated in PEG hydrogels containing exogenous hyaluronan and/or Link-N, the ECM analogs aided in the retention of cell-secreted glycosaminoglycans under loading. The presence of hyaluronan led to enhanced deposition of collagen type II and aggrecan. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of ECM analogs, specifically hyaluronan and Link-N, in matrix retention and matrix development and offer new strategies for designing scaffolds for cartilage regeneration.
Endothelin, hypertension and chronic kidney disease: new insights

Purpose of review Endothelin is important in the development of cardiorenal disease. This review discusses recent developments in understanding endothelin's role in hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent findings Endothelin-1 production is increased in hypertension and CKD. Endothelin-1 stimulates vasoconstriction, inflammation and fibrosis, thereby promoting hypertension, atherosclerosis and CKD. These effects are closely linked to angiotensin II and reactive oxygen species. In preclinical studies, endothelin receptor antagonists were effective in treating hypertension (particularly with endothelial dysfunction) and CKD. In preclinical studies, endothelin A-selective, as opposed to combined endothelin A and B, receptor blockers have generally been more efficacious. Few clinical trials have been conducted in hypertension and/or kidney disease, partly due to concerns over side effects of testicular toxicity and fluid retention. Endothelin blockade reduces blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, with additional beneficial metabolic effects. Endothelin antagonism improves proteinuria in CKD (diabetic or not), particularly in patients taking inhibitors of angiotensin II action. Summary Endothelin is a promising target in the treatment of resistant hypertension and CKD, with additional potential benefits on atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome. The nature and mechanisms of drug side effects require elucidation before the potential of this new class of drugs can be fully realized.
The 'strange metal' is a projected Fermi liquid with edge singularities

The first measurements on single-crystalline high-temperature superconductors revealed that the ‘normal’ metal above the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, was as unusual as the superconductor: the large, temperature-dependent resistivity implied a scattering rate not just linear in T but of the order of the average excitation energy kBT/h, where kB is Boltzmann’s constant and h is Planck’s constant. This ‘strange metal’ phase continues to be of much theoretical interest. Here we show it is a consequence of projecting the doubly occupied amplitudes out of a conventional Fermi-sea wavefunction (Gutzwiller projection), requiring no exotica such as a mysterious quantum critical point. Exploiting a formal similarity with the classic problem of Fermi-edge singularities in the X-ray spectra of metals, we find a Fermi-liquid-like excitation spectrum, but the excitations are asymmetric between electrons and holes, show anomalous forward scattering and the renormalization constant Z=0. We explain the power-law frequency dependence of the conductivity, and predict tunnelling spectrum anomalies and the forms of photoelectron spectra.
Volatile organic compounds in indoor air

Abstract The total organic volatile compounds and fingerprints of the compounds in indoor air have been studied. Houses and buildings have their own specific fingerprints independent of the locations and time of sampling. UFFI houses and non-UFFI houses showed little difference either in the total organic volatile compounds or the fingerprints. The exhaust from wet process copying machines was found to be the common and major volatile organic compound in office buildings.
Identification and stereospecificity of the first three enzymes of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis in a chlorophyte alga

Many marine algae produce 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a potent osmoprotective compound whose degradation product dimethylsulfide plays a central role in the biogeochemical S cycle. Algae are known to synthesize DMSP via the four-step pathway, l-Met → 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate → 4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyrate → 4-dimethylsulfonio-2-hydroxy-butyrate (DMSHB) → DMSP. Substrate-specific enzymes catalyzing the first three steps in this pathway were detected and partially characterized in cell-free extracts of the chlorophyte alga Enteromorpha intestinalis . The first is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent aminotransferase, the second an NADPH-linked reductase, and the third an S- adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase. Sensitive radiometric assays were developed for these enzymes, and used to show that their activities are high enough to account for the estimated in vivo flux from Met to DMSP. The activities of these enzymes in other DMSP-rich chlorophyte algae were at least as high as those in E. intestinalis , but were ≥20-fold lower in algae without DMSP. The reductase and methyltransferase were specific for the d-enantiomer of 4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyrate in vitro, and both the methyltransferase step and the step(s) converting DMSHB to DMSP were shown to prefer d-enantiomers in vivo. The intermediate DMSHB was shown to act as an osmoprotectant, which indicates that the first three steps of the DMSP synthesis pathway may be sufficient to confer osmotolerance.
P2 Receptors for Extracellular Nucleotides in the Central Nervous System: Role of P2X7 and P2Y2 Receptor Interactions in Neuroinflammation

Extracellular nucleotides induce cellular responses in the central nervous system (CNS) through the activation of ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y nucleotide receptors. Activation of these receptors regulates a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we present an overview of the current literature regarding P2X and P2Y receptors in the CNS with a focus on the contribution of P2X7 and P2Y2 receptor-mediated responses to neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms.
Growth hormone treatment of idiopathic short stature: History and demographic data from the NCGS

Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is a term used to describe children without an identifiable cause for growth failure; these children comprise the largest group of candidates for growth hormone (GH) therapy. Over the past four decades, clinical trials have examined the efficacy and safety of GH treatment in the ISS population; for many of these trials, interpretation of results has been limited by variability in the criteria for ISS, small numbers of subjects, and a short term of study. Recent trials involving larger GH doses for longer periods suggest greater height improvements, but extrapolation to the larger ISS population is still debated. The National Cooperative Growth Study (NCGS) provides an opportunity to evaluate the treatment trends over time. In 1994, there were 20,279 patients enrolled in the NCGS, and 25% were identified as ISS. The most recent analysis was in 2003, and at that time 47,226 patients were enrolled; but only 17% were identified as ISS. This most recent analysis of patients enrolled in the NCGS provides a framework for examining the impact of this new indication for GH on clinical practice patterns.