cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low Starch/Low Dairy Diet Results in Successful Treatment of Obesity and Co-Morbidities Linked to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 15% of reproductive-age women and increases risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer and infertility. Hyperinsulinemia is believed to contribute to or worsen all of these conditions, and increases androgens in women with PCOS. Carbohydrates are the main stimulators of insulin release, but research shows that dairy products and starches elicit greater postprandial insulin secretion than non-starchy vegetables and fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an 8-week low-starch/low-dairy diet results in weight loss, increased insulin sensitivity, and reduced testosterone in women with PCOS. Methods: Prospective 8-week dietary intervention using an ad libitum low starch/low dairy diet in 24 overweight and obese women (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and ≤45 kg/m2) with PCOS. Diagnosis of PCOS was based on the Rotterdam criteria. Weight, BMI, Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), fasting and 2-hour glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, total and free testosterone, and Ferriman-Gallwey scores were measured before and after the 8-week intervention. Results: There was a reduction in weight (-8.61 ± 2.34 kg, p<0.001), BMI (-3.25 ± 0.88 kg/m2, p<0.001), WC (-8.4 ± 3.1 cm, p<0.001), WHtR (-0.05 ± 0.02 inches, p<0.001), fasting insulin (-17.0 ± 13.6 μg/mL, p<0.001) and 2- hour insulin (-82.8 ± 177.7 μg/mL, p=0.03), and HOMA-IR (-1.9 ± 1.2, p<0.001) after diet intervention. Total testosterone (-10.0 ± 17.0 ng/dL, p=0.008), free testosterone (-1.8 pg/dL, p=0.043) and Ferriman-Gallwey scores (-2.1 ± 2.7 points (p=0.001) were also reduced from pre- to post-intervention. Conclusion: An 8-week low-starch/low-dairy diet resulted in weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced testosterone in women with PCOS.
Fingerhut's Price Strategy

Fingerhut, based in Minnetonka, Minnesota, is a direct-marketing company that sells a smorgasbord of consumer goods through an array of specially targeted catalogs. In November 1996, an article in the Star Tribune, a major Minneapolis newspaper, drew attention to a class-action lawsuit pending against Fingerhut that suggested the firm made its profits by exploiting the poor. Several civil-rights groups rallied around the suit and submitted briefs in favor of the litigation. This case illustrates issues in ethics and management communication. Discussions focus on the constituencies. Is Fingerhut exploiting its customers or providing them with an affordable method of obtaining valued consumer goods on credit? Do retailers have a duty to offer products at reasonable prices? Are the high interest rates reasonable given the risk? What are the options: pawnshops, rent-to-own? What is the profile of the typical Fingerhut customer? Discussions also focus on communicating with the constituencies. How much damage will the lawsuit do to Fingerhut's image as an ethical, socially responsible company? What communication strategies can the firm employ? Should it react to the lawsuit? What should it tell its employees?
Relationship between Amino Acid and Catecholamine Metabolism in Brain

As was demonstrated in many of the chapters in this volume, the compartmentation of amino acid metabolism in brain is directly correlated with the fact that amino acids such as glutamate must function at several levels, e.g., in protein metabolism, in maintaining energy requirements, as well as perhaps having a direct role in nerve transmission as neurotransmitters or neuromodulator substances. Indeed, evidence continues to accumulate concerning the role of amino acids as putative transmitters in the CNS (see other chapters in this volume). Roberts and Matthysse (1970), among others, have postulated that the physiological interplay of the excitatory and inhibitory systems that interact to maintain homeostasis raises the possibility that biochemical cross-regulation may exist between synapses with different neurotransmitter systems. Watkins (1973) has also reviewed the possibility of metabolic regulation in transmitter processes. In addition, transmitter release, uptake, and metabolism require energy. Since glutamate and its related metabolites are directly associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, it might be expected that the metabolic turnover of these amino acids would also reflect the energy needs of the brain.
Changes on the Electronic Frontier: Growth and Opportunity of the World-Wide Web

Interest in marketing applications pertaining to the Internet has been increasing dramatically. In an earlier work (Freiden and Takacs 1995), the authors proposed that there would be opportunities for an expanded role for promotional activities on the Internet. This paper presents data from a longitudinal analysis of these activities on the World-Wide Web to determine which of these opportunities have been fulfilled. The authors had suggested that the fledgling Web represented a significant opportunity for business, and that some businesses more than others would seize the moment. Research on characteristics of users is discussed, as well as implications for marketing strategies.
Racial Representation Issues: The Role of Experts in Determining Dilution of Minority Influence

With respect to my opponent, I would have had the media cover his inconsistencies, his potential conflict of interests, his minority status in the minority party, his wealth, and his "wrong" votes in much greater detail. Moreover, I would have had the media play down to a great extent his popularity, his constituent service, his ability to get federal dollars for the district, his leadership, and his sure re-election.
Detection of Phenotypic Alterations Using High-Content Analysis of Whole-Slide Images

Tumors exhibit spatial heterogeneity, as manifested in immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining patterns. Current IHC quantification methods lose information by reducing this heterogeneity in each whole-slide image (WSI) or in selective fields of view to a single staining index. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of an IHC quantification method that uses this heterogeneity to reliably compare IHC staining patterns. We virtually partitioned WSIs by a grid of square tiles, and computed the staining index distributions to quantify heterogeneities. We used samples from these distributions as inputs to non-parametric statistical comparisons. We applied our grid method to fixed tumor samples from 26 tumors obtained from a double-blind preclinical study of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model of pediatric neuroblastoma in CD1 nude mice. We compared the results of our grid method to the results based on whole-slide indices, the current practice. We show that our grid method reliably detects phenotypic alterations that other tests based on whole-slide indices fail to detect. Based on robustness and increased sensitivity of statistical inference, we conclude that our method of whole-slide grid quantification is superior to existing whole-slide quantification techniques.
Carnival in Tel Aviv: Purim and the Celebration of Urban Zionism

In recent years, there have been a growing number of cultural studies of Zionism and the Yishuv that are enhancing and broadening a field long dominated by political histories.1 Hizky Shoham’s Carn...
An objective measure of architectural complexity and proliferative index in Gleason pattern 3 prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To objectively characterize the architectural spectrum of Gleason pattern 3 prostate cancer (PCA) in a biologically meaningful manner. STUDY DESIGN: We define an objective architectural feature of PCA, "pinch point density" (PPD), and explore its relationship to proliferative index (PI). A pinch point (PP) is a site where the epithelium of two neighboring glandular structures is contiguous in one histologic section but not in an adjacent serial section. Seventeen radical prostatectomy specimens with areas of pure Gleason pattern 3 were studied. PPD was measured with computer aid using digital images of serial sections. PI was measured by computer-aided counting of Ki-67-positive cells. RESULTS: PPD correlated inversely with PI (PPD vs. log [PI], P <.004). Characteristics not significantly correlated with PI included total number of malignant glands, PP per gland and total number of malignant cells. Subjectively, tumors with high PPD and low PI tended to contain a larger number of smaller glands as compared to tumors with low PPD and high PI. This impression was confirmed analytically. CONCLUSION: PPD is an objective architectural feature of possible biologic significance. This is an early step toward identifying objective features of growth pattern in Gleason pattern 3 PCA that may be clinically meaningful.
Scaling Up Social Problems Strategies for Solving Social Work’s Grand Challenges

The Grand Challenges for Social Work Initiative aims to focus the profession’s attention on how social work can play a larger role in mitigating contemporary social problems. Yet a central issue fa...
Abstract 299: Intestinal Apolipoprotein A-IV Expression Conserves Visceral Adiposity in Mice Subjected to Cyclical Feeding and Fasting

Background. We recently observed that although C57BL6 and apo A-IV knockout (A4KO) mice had similar weight gain on rodent chow, C56BL6 mice gained more weight and had greater adiposity when fed a h...
The realization of information focus in monolingual and bilingual native Spanish

The strategies used to signal information focus — the non-presupposed part of a sentence — in Spanish are under debate. The literature suggests that focus must appear rightmost; however, empirical evidence shows that speakers also realize focus in-situ. Moreover, there is limited research investigating the effects of language variety or knowledge of another language on focus marking. We address these questions via a paced elicited production task, testing speakers who learned Spanish naturalistically in infancy, including two groups of monolinguals and two groups of Spanish/English bilinguals: (a) Spanish natives who learned English after childhood, and (b) early bilinguals exposed to English in early childhood (heritage speakers). Confirming previous empirical studies, results show that all participant groups choose a similar range of focus-marking strategies, vastly preferring in-situ marking with rightmost marking used rarely. Results challenge both theoretical accounts of Spanish focus realization and expectations of special vulnerability at the syntax-discourse interface for bilinguals.
Memoirs: Reconstruction of Daughter Nuclei and the Individuality of Chromosomal Vesicles During Interkinesis

1. The reconstruction of daughter nuclei in Solanum tuberosum, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Allium cepa is by the vesiculation of contiguous chromosomes. 2. The integrity of the chromosomal vesicles is maintained during interkinesis, and a prophase chromosome is formed in each vesicle before its walls disappear. 3. The anaphasic and telophasic alveolization consists in the imbibition of achromatic globules which become the disperse phase of the nuclear system. 4. The reticulum is considered to be a single substance, chromatin. The variation in staining reaction is probably due to physical dispersion. 5. A plasmosome is merely an achromatized chromatin nucleolus. The nucleolus is derived from chromosomes. 6. It is suggested that chromosome vesiculation is probably the universal method of nuclear reconstruction, and also that the vesicles probably maintain their integrity throughout interkinesis.
How Does Scandal Affect the Celebrity-Endorsed Brand?

Celebrity endorsement advertising has long been recognized as an effective method in modern marketing (Stafford et al. 2003). However, using a celebrity is risky, as celebrity scandals can create negative attitudes toward the brand, thus effecting sales and resulting in the stock price falling. For instance, when Tiger Woods and Armstrong were found cheating on their wives, consumers felt offended. They advocated boycotting Nike as a response to the cheating. US celebrities show up in more than 15 % of advertisements, and the number is far higher in markets, such as India (24 %) and Taiwan (45 %) (Crutchfield 2010). Since many more celebrities were used in Asia, are scandals more harmful in Asia than in the Western culture? If so, what factors determine the differences? Are consumers from one culture more forgivable than consumers from the other culture? More specifically, are Chinese consumers more forgivable toward Chinese celebrities than American celebrities? In turn, are American consumers more forgivable toward American celebrities than Chinese celebrities?
Limit-Cycle Oscillation of the Subsonic Ultra-Green Aircraft Research Truss-Braced Wing Aeroelastic Model

Recent research has focused on the design of aircraft that provide significant reductions in emissions, noise, and fuel usage. One of the strategies to increase fuel efficiency is to leverage the p...
Contributions of the Drosophila Model to Understanding Methylmercury Effects on Development

The use of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) for examining the toxic effects of methylmercury (MeHg) effectively began in 1965 with Claes Ramel’s investigations of genetic effects of organic mercury compounds (Hereditas 57:445–447, 1967). Rationale for these early studies came not from the Minamata disaster but from environmental concerns for extensive use of mercury-based fungicides in farming and wood product industries. As understanding of mechanisms of mutagenesis was emerging at this time, Ramel’s studies focused on cytological data, namely, irregularities in meiotic chromosome disjunction, as an end point for MeHg exposures. Today, MeHg is known more for its potency in disrupting fetal neural development via mechanisms that prevail over nondisjunction or mutagenesis. Advancement of our knowledge of MeHg toxicity the past 45 years has, at the same time, seen an explosion in development and use of the Drosophila model. Drosophila is now a critical component of our modern arsenal of molecular genetic, whole organism, and systems biology approaches to biomedical research.
The Use of Tablet Technology by Older Adults in Health Care Settings—Is It Effective and Satisfying? A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

ABSTRACTObjectives: This systematic review/meta-analysis examines the potential for older people to accept and use tablet technology in clinical settings by assessing satisfaction and effectiveness.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted of PubMed, SCOPUS, and CINAHL through March 2017. Inclusion criteria included studies with any clinical use of a tablet technology with a median patient age above 65 years.Results: We included a total of 12 studies (4 randomized controlled trials, 4 cross-sectional studies, and 4 pre/post studies). Interventions included the use of tablet technology for medication self-management, post-surgery education, memory retention, cognitive rehabilitation, and exercise promotion. The use of tablet technology by older people in clinical settings was associated with high satisfaction with a pooled prevalence of satisfaction of 78%; 95% CI 27–100. We did not find evidence for effectiveness in improving clinical or behavioral outcomes.Conclusions: Older people can use...
Further Comments on Heaplex Fulvescens (Sowerby) and Hexaplex Hertweckorum (Petuch) (Mollusca:Gastropoda)

In my original discussion (Vokes, 1968, that there must be post-Pliocene beds exp. 104) of Hexaplex fulvescens (Sowerby, 1834), I noted that the species "first appears in the upper Miocene Beds of southern Florida. It is never exceedingly abundant but it is well represented at several different Miocene localities in the vicinity of Lake Okeechobee." As we now know, the Pinecrest Beds ( = Fruitville Formation of Waldrop and Wilson, 1990) are middle Pliocene and not "Miocene."
InShape: In-Situ Shape-Based Interactive Multiple-View Exploration of Diffusion MRI Visualizations

We present InShape, an in-situ shape-based multiple-view selection interface for interactive exploration of dense tube-based diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) visualizations. An optimal experience in such exploration demands concentration on the tract of interest (TOI). InShape facilitates such workflow by leveraging three design principles: (1) shape-enabled precise selection; (2) in-the-flow multi-views for comparison; (3) sculpture-based removal. Results of a pilot study suggested that users have the best interaction experience when the widget shapes match the targeted selection shape. We also found that widget design without losing the flow of operations facilitates focused control. Finally, quick sculpture can help reach the target selection fibers quickly. The contributions of this work are the design principles, together with discussions of usability considerations in interactive exploration in dense 3D DMRI environments.
The Characterization of Grade PCEA Recycle Graphite Pilot Scale Billets

Here we report the physical properties of a series specimens machined from pilot scale (~ 152 mm diameter x ~305 mm length) grade PCEA recycle billets manufactured by GrafTech. The pilot scale billets were processed with increasing amounts of (unirradiated) graphite (from 20% to 100%) introduced to the formulation with the goal of determining if large fractions of recycle graphite have a deleterious effect on properties. The properties determined include Bulk Density, Electrical Resistivity, Elastic (Young s) Modulus, and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. Although property variations were observed to be correlated with the recycle fraction, the magnitude of the variations was noted to be small.
Fatty acids based eutectic phase change system for thermal energy storage applications

Abstract Multiple fatty acid based eutectic phase change materials are prepared for low to moderate temperature latent heat thermal energy storage applications. In particular, palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid and commercial PureTemp68 are used for making eutectic mixtures. The eutectic point of each eutectic mixture is determined using Schrader equation along with its thermophysical properties. Ten different eutectic mixtures are prepared in accordance with eutectic point obtained from the phase diagrams by melt blending followed by ultra-sonication. The latent heat, melting point as well as the specific heat capacity of the eutectic phase change material are determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results revealed that the melting point of these organic phase change materials ranges from ∼27–75 °C, with the latent heat from ∼127 to 210 kJ⋅kg−1 respectively. Chemical structure of these phase change materials is determined by using Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the presence of carboxylic group in obtained spectra is in accordance with the fatty acids. It is evident that these eutectic phase change materials possess promising characteristics for thermal energy storage ranging from the room temperature to ∼75 °C.
Germline and Transgenerational Impacts of Toxicant Exposures

Abstract Germ cells are responsible for the transfer of genetic information across generations. Much attention has recently been focused on the ability of environmental cues to also be inherited transgenerationally through the epigenome. In this chapter, we first describe the developmental odyssey that germ cells undergo during their differentiation and their ability to remodel their epigenome. We then review the evidence across various species providing support for the transgenerational inheritance of environmental exposures with a particular emphasis on recent mechanistic findings. In particular, recent findings have highlighted the ability for environmental cues, as varied as diet, temperature, or toxicants, to be transferred across generations through a variety of epigenetic mechanisms other than DNA methylation such as through various histone posttranslational modifications and through small RNAs. Together, the pieces of evidence presented here draw a compelling picture of the ability of organisms to integrate environmental signals for several generations.
Investigating the effect of endocranial volume on cranial shape in platyrrhines and the relevance of this relationship to interpretations of the fossil record

OBJECTIVES Fossils have been linked to Alouatta based on shared cranial morphology and small brain size. However, the relationship between endocranial volume and cranial shape is unclear; it is possible that any platyrrhine with a small brain may exhibit "Alouatta-like" features due to being "de-encephalized." We test two hypotheses: (a) there are aspects of cranial shape related to encephalization common to all platyrrhines; (b) it is these cranial traits that unite the small-brained "Alouatta-like" fossils. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional cranial shape and endocranial volume (ECV) were measured on 350+ extant platyrrhine crania, Cartelles, Paralouatta, and Antillothrix. Encephalization quotient (EQ) was calculated using regressions of ECV on cranial centroid size. Multivariate regressions were performed using the shape coordinates and EQ and shape changes associated with EQ were visualized. Cranial shape was predicted for a hypothetical primate with an EQ matching the fossils and this shape was compared to the Alouatta mean. RESULTS There is a significant proportion of cranial shape variation explained by EQ in some taxa. The aspects of shape that are correlated with EQ are shared by several taxa and some have parallel regression vectors, but there is no overall pattern of shape change common to all platyrrhines. However, all taxa look more similar to Alouatta when their EQ is decreased, particularly Pithecia. DISCUSSION Given that a decrease in encephalization can cause a more Alouatta-like cranial shape in many extant platyrrhines, it should not be automatically assumed that Alouatta-like cranial traits in a small-brained fossil are evidence of a phylogenetic link to the alouattin clade.
The Alperin weight conjecture for symmetric and general linear groups revisited

Abstract Explicit bijections are given between the weights associated to a block of a symmetric group and the irreducible Brauer characters in the block. Similar bijections are given between the weights associated to a block of a general linear group and a basic set of the block.
Nonprogramming laboratory assignments for the introductory AI course using the FLAIR system

Undergraduate computer science students benefit from nonprogramming laboratory assignments which have them explore and experiment with algorithms and abstractions in a concrete learning environment. FLAIR, a repository of learning materials which supports the laboratory component of the introductory undergraduate AI course affords interesting nonprogramming assignments of this kind. In the following discussion the FLAIR system is described and three laboratory assignments which have been used with FLAIR, are presented.
A Low-Energy Ion Scattering Approach for Studying Au Nanoclusters Grown on an H2O Buffer Layer.

A novel form of alkali low-energy ion scattering is used to probe the deposition of nanoclusters onto a solid surface via buffer layer assisted growth (BLAG) in ultrahigh vacuum. A thin amorphous solid water (ASW) buffer layer is grown on a TiO2(110) single crystal cooled to 100 K. Au atoms deposited onto this layer arrange themselves into nanoclusters. The sample is then annealed to 320 K to desorb the ASW and enable the clusters to soft-land onto the substrate. Time-of-flight low-energy ion scattering, using Li+, Na+, and K+ projectiles, probes the materials during each step of the BLAG process to measure the surface composition and reveal the details of how the clusters form. The neutralization probability of Na+ ions singly scattered from the Au nanoclusters indicates that they increase in size after annealing and that the magnitude of the increase is a function of the buffer layer thickness. The adsorption of a thin, incomplete water layer prior to Au deposition forms nanoclusters that are possibly e...
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients requiring prolonged inotropes after left ventricular assist device implantation

Limited data exist regarding patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support who require long-term inotropes. Our primary objective was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality of LVAD recipients with prolonged inotrope use (PIU). Secondary endpoints were to compare predictors of PIU, mortality, risk of late re-initiation of inotropes, time to gastrointestinal bleed (GIB), infection, and arrhythmias. Retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients with primary continuous-flow LVADs implanted from January 2008 to February 2017 and the patients were followed up through February 2018. We defined PIU as ≥14 days of inotrope support. Kaplan-Meier method, competing risk models and Cox proportional hazard models were used. Final analytic sample was 203 patients, 58% required PIU, and 10% were discharged on inotropes. There was no difference in preimplant characteristics. One-year survival rate was 87% if no PIU required, 74% if PIU required, and 72% if discharged on inotropes. PIU was associated with longer length of stay and higher incidence of GIB. We found no association between PIU and late re-initiation of inotropes, infection or arrhythmias. Adjusted hazard risk of death was increased in patients with PIU (HR = 1.66, P = .046), older age (HR = 1.28, P = .031), and higher creatinine levels (HR = 1.60, P = .007). Prolonged inotrope use is frequently encountered following LVAD implantation and is associated with adverse prognosis but remains a therapeutic option. Inability to wean inotropes prior to hospital discharge is a marker of patients at particularly higher risk of mortality following LVAD implantation.
Chapter 2 – Developmental approaches to the memory process

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the application of developmental approaches for explaining the processes of learning and memory. In the second half of 19th century, scientists from different fields, ranging from histology to psychiatry, proposed that memory and development were intimately linked to subtle changes in neural processes. It was suggested that this formation of new synaptic connections between neurons due to learning and the frequent use of a synapse might produce growth similar to that produced by exercising a muscle, thereby strengthening pre-existing connections. Both theories assumed that the structural plasticity, found during the development process, is present in adulthood as well. The neocortex retains considerable structural plasticity in response to differential housing into adulthood, as is expected for experience-dependent mechanisms designed for learning. Studies on humans, primates, and other animals have shown that human brain can reorganize the stored information in an experience-dependent fashion, validating the continued use of animal models of experience-dependent plasticity. This evidence validates the learning-induced changes in the number of synapses, glial cell morphology, and neuron-glia communication in many brain regions of both young and mature animals. Such effects are seen across a number of species, including non-mammalian, and across types of experience, from light deprivation to maze learning; and are correlated with changes in neuronal function and behavior. This suggests that evolution may not have established two separate mechanisms for developmental plasticity and memory. This chapter proposes that learning results in the formation of new synapses as well as new neurons that are involved in the permanent encoding of the memory as alterations in the circuitry of the brain systems in which the memory is stored.
Predators May Lose Interest in Turtle Acclimation Pens: Implications for Translocations Using Soft Release

We opportunistically investigated predator visits to enclosed acclimation pens containing juvenile eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) over a 34-d acclimation period using motion-triggered cameras. Daily visitation probability by raccoons (Procyon lotor) and fox squirrels (Sciurus niger; the only predator species observed visiting) decreased from a peak of 36% probability of a visit on the first day turtles were penned to nearly zero probability by day 34 (the release day). Our findings indicate predators lose interest in pens over time, and we suggest animals should be released from acclimation pens after predators have lost interest in pens to avoid heightened predation risk of translocated animals.
A Fast Configuration Space Algorithm for Variable Topology Truss Modular Robots

The Variable Topology Truss (VTT) is a new class of self-reconfigurable robot that can reconfigure its truss shape and topology depending on the task or environment requirements. Motion planning and avoiding self-collision are difficult as these systems usually have dozens of degrees-of-freedom with complex intersecting parallel actuation. There are two different types of shape changing actions for a VTT: geometry reconfiguration and topology reconfiguration. This paper focuses on the geometry reconfiguration actions. A new cell decomposition approach is presented based on a fast and complete method to compute the collision-free space of a node in a truss. A simple shape-morphing method is shown to quickly create motion paths for reconfiguration by moving one node at a time.
A Systematic Review of Drink Specials, Drink Special Laws, and Alcohol-Related Outcomes

The adverse health and safety consequences of heavy alcohol consumption are a leading problem around the world. While many risk factors have been extensively studied and presented in comprehensive summaries, not all questions regarding risk factors for problematic drinking behaviors have been answered and presented in systematic reviews. As of March 2020, no review has summarized studies assessing the role of promotional price practices at on-premises alcohol outlets, known as drink specials. Also missing was systematic information of policies that regulated these promotional practices. We aimed to synthesize the available research evidence of the effects that drink specials and drink special laws have on different alcohol-related outcomes. Twelve studies examined the effect of drink specials in seven countries between 1978 and 2018. Of these, 11 found a consistent positive association between drink specials and increased alcohol consumption, heavy drinking, and alcohol intoxication. Drink specials also increased reports of driving under the influence, fighting, and unprotected sex. Drink specials were also associated with expectations of higher consumption and modified attitudes and behaviors towards favorable views of drink specials. Effect sizes ranged from 1.80 to 4.43 increased odds for the examined alcohol-related outcomes. The only study examining the effects of a drink special law revealed mixed findings between prohibiting happy hours and three alcohol-related outcomes. Drink specials were consistently associated with alcohol-related adverse outcomes, but almost nothing is known about the effects of laws restricting drink specials.
Myocarditis Masquerade: A Rare Cardiac Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Introduction: Acute myocarditis is a potentially life-threatening illness characterized by myocardial inflammation. While viruses are commonly implicated, etiologies are numerous. We present a previously healthy teenager diagnosed clinically with acute myocarditis ultimately found to have acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Case Description: A previously healthy 13 yo male presented with 1 day of chest pain and dyspnea and 4 days of headache, neck pain, malaise, and anorexia. On presentation, he was afebrile, persistently tachycardic (up to 133 bpm) with normal blood pressure and perfusion. Labs (Table 1) were notable for elevated troponin-I, CRP, LDH, uric acid and haptoglobin with …
Job Loss and Shared Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Helping Clients and the Impact on the Clinician

With widespread business shutdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the US economy, along with economies around the world, has entered a recession. Unemployment numbers have surged, and millions of Americans have found themselves out of work amid the largest pandemic in a century; for these people, anxiety over their own health and that of their loved ones is compounded by financial worry and anxiety over their place in society or in their family. Under such circumstances, long-suppressed trauma often makes itself known, and many job seekers wrestle with paralyzing crises of confidence. This chapter looks at the particular difficulties of coaching unemployed clients to find jobs during the coronavirus pandemic and concomitant recession. It discusses ways in which sustained unemployment can beget feelings of confusion and helplessness, and suggests a multi-step method for restoring clients’ sense of control, helping them communicate their strengths to potential employers and ultimately succeed in obtaining new employment while increasing their sense of agency and self-worth.
Regulation of Production of Yarrowia lipolytica Extracellular Ribonuclease and Alkaline Extracellular Protease

To study the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources and pH on production of two extracellular enzymes.
Abstract 17067: Circulating Lipoprotein (a) Level, Apolipoprotein (a) Isoform Size, and Risk of Unexplained Ischemic Stroke in Younger Adults (The THrombophilia in Cryptogenic stroKe [THICK] Study)

Background: Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] comprises an apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)] molecule that contains a variable number of kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) repeats. KIV-2 number determines Lp(a) size but relates inversely to serum Lp(a) levels. Both smaller apo(a) isoforms and higher Lp(a) levels have been linked to coronary heart disease and, less so, stroke, but their independent contributions are less well defined. The role of Lp(a) in younger adults with cryptogenic stroke remains largely unexamined. Methods: We evaluated Lp(a) and apo(a) isoforms in a prospective case-control study of prothrombotic risk factors for unexplained ischemic stroke in subjects ages 18 to 64. Cases consisted of patients admitted to Weill Cornell Medical Center (2002 [[Unable to Display Character: –]] 2011) with cryptogenic stroke based on modified TOAST criteria. Controls included volunteers recruited from the area. Lp(a) was measured in 255 cases (≥2 months post stroke) or 390 controls with both a molecular-weight (KIV-2 number) independent and a molecular-weight dependent immunoturbidimetric assay. Apo(a) isoform size was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: Cases and controls were similar for most characteristics (median age 46 vs 44; women, 39 vs 46%; white 60 vs 63%, black 13 vs 12%, Hispanic 17 vs 18%), but cases had more frequent hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and migraine with aura. In race-specific analyses, Lp(a) levels showed positive associations with cryptogenic stroke in whites, but not in the smaller subgroups of blacks and Hispanics. After full adjustment, comparison of the highest to the lowest quartile in whites was significant for molecular-weight-independent (OR=2.10 [95% CI=1.03, 4.27]), and near-significant for molecular-weight-dependent Lp(a) (OR=1.86 [95% CI=0.97, 3.55]). These associations were unchanged with significant adjustment for apo(a) size. By contrast, apo(a) size was not significantly associated with cryptogenic stroke in any ethnic subgroup. Conclusions: This study shows that Lp(a) level, but not apo(a) isoform size, is an independent risk factor for unexplained ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged adults of European descent. Future studies will need to examine this association in sufficiently powered samples for other ethnic groups.
Fast Time-resolved Mid-infrared Spectroscopy Using an Interferometer

Fast time-resolved mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy provides an effective tool to study transient chemical species and dynamic systems. Although several laser-based approaches to time-resolved IR offer extremely high time resolution, Fourier transform time-resolved infrared (FT-TRIR) techniques have a distinct advantage over these methods, particularly in terms of spectral bandwidth and spectral resolution. Depending on the time resolution required, interferometric techniques based on rapid and ultra-rapid scanning, stroboscopic sampling, step-scanning, or asynchronous sampling are capable of covering time domains from seconds to picoseconds. This article reviews the theory of operation of these techniques, their instrumental requirements, specific caveats, advantages and limitations, current applications, and the state of the art. Keywords: time-resolved infrared—TRIR; interferometry; dynamic infrared spectroscopy; step-scanning; stroboscopic sampling; rapid scanning; ultra-rapid scanning; asynchronous sampling
When Remarriage and Immigration Coincide

Abstract A combined qualitative-quantitative method was used to study twenty immigrant stepfamilies from the former Soviet Union to explore the effects of co-experiencing the transitions of relocation and remarriage simultaneously. Immigrant stepfamilies from the former Soviet Union tended to focus on the present, see themselves as similar to non-stepfamilies, have a parental focal sub-system, and report low levels of satisfaction and functioning. Results are explained in light of the Soviet-Russian culture and in comparison to stepfamilies in others cultures. Directions for further research are suggested.
Coordinated Incremental Attribute Evaluation on a DR-Threaded Tree

Algorithms are presented for coordinated Reps-style incremental evaluation on a limited form of graph substrate, a DR-threaded tree. The substrate is essentially a tree with threads connecting known ‘divergence’ nodes to known ’receptor’ nodes. An arbitrary number of threads are connected to a divergence node, but only one is connected to each receptor node, which must be a leaf. Attribute propagation across the threads is restricted to copying in one direction (divergence to receptor). Substrates of this type arise in a syntax-directed editor that supports naming semantics, where declarations=divergence nodes and references=receptors.
Chapter 7 Harland Goff Wood: An American biochemist

Publisher Summary This chapter traces the life and scientific career of Harland Goff Wood. Wood achieved numerous scientific and professional successes; successes that were recognized and applauded by both his scientific and professional peers and by society in general. The chapter has two goals: to explore Wood's passionate commitment to the laboratory and his contributions to the understanding of the biochemical world. Some of his major contributions to modern biochemistry include (1) the notion of heterotrophic CO 2 fixation, (2) application of isotopes to understand metabolic processes, (3) elucidation of the propionic acid cycle in the propionic acid bacteria, (4) structural and mechanistic analysis of transcarboxylase, (5) characterization of the role of pyrophosphate (PP i ) in metabolic processes, and (6) elucidation of the acetate biosynthesis pathway in Clostridium thermoaceticum . Wood was rarely fully satisfied with answers to research problems. No matter how elegant or adequate a research question might be resolved, the answer frequently raised new questions; questions that on occasion spawned an entire new avenue of research inquiry, which was only peripherally connected to its predecessor.
A complex for right-angled Coxeter groups

We associate to each right-angled Coxeter group a 2-dimensional complex. Using this complex, we show that if the presentation graph of the group is planar, then the group has a subgroup of finite index which is a 3-manifold group (that is, the group is virtually a 3-manifold group). We also give an example of a right-angled Coxeter group which is not virtually a 3-manifold group.
Baroclinic vortex sheet production by shocks and expansion waves

Vortex sheet production by shocks and expansion waves refracting at a density discontinuity was examined and compared using an analytical solution and numerical simulations. The analytical solution showed that with a small exception, vortex sheet strength is generally stronger in fast/slow shock refractions. In contrast, expansion waves generated a stronger vortex sheet in slow/fast refractions. This difference results in larger vorticity deposited by shocks in fast/slow refractions and by expansion waves in slow/fast refractions. Shock refractions become irregular and the analytical solution fails when either incident, transmitted or reflected shock, exceeded the angle limit for an attached shock. To investigate vortex sheet production outside the range of analytical solutions and to verify the applicability of the planar-interface analytical solution to a curved interface, shock refraction through a sinusoidal interface was numerically simulated in the shock frame of reference. It is found that variation in the local incidence angle along the curved interface creates pressure waves that affect the level of deposited vorticity. This contributes to the difference between predictions from local analysis and numerical computation. Furthermore, an interesting behavior of the shock and expansion wave-deposited vorticity in supersonic ramp flow was discovered. When the high- and low-density streams were swapped, while keeping the incident flow Mach numbers constant, a vortex sheet of equal magnitude but of opposite sign was generated.
065 Pubmed vs. Google Scholar: A Database Arms Race?

Background Currently there are two widely used databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, are used for guidelines development. Research suggests PubMed is superior, however recent evidence suggests Google Scholar may have closed that gap. One family of journals reports 60% of their traffic is coming from Google Scholar. Objectives Assess efficiency and completeness of searching for known moderate and high quality RCTs in PubMed and Google Scholar. Methods Searches were performed by two experienced researchers using the same search terms to identify RCTs for a specific treatment. In a crossover design, one researcher performed the search in PubMed (PM1), the other in Google Scholar (GS1). Subsequently each performed the same searches in the other database (PM2 and GS2). Total numbers of articles identified, relevant articles found, and the time to complete were collected. Articles were compared to a known comprehensive list of 5 RCTs used for guideline preparation that was drawn from 6 exhaustive database searches. Results GS1 identified 2 and GS2 identified 3 of the RCTs. PM1 identified 2 and PM2 identified 2 RCTs. PubMed and Google Scholar searches averaged 63 and 194 minutes to complete respectively. Discussion Each database consistently identified one of the two highest quality studies, but neither database identified both. Difference search time is nearly 3-fold. No single search identified all quality studies. Additional trials are planned. Implications for Guideline Developers/Users For comprehensive literature searches both databases should be searched.
Prognostic significance of adenocarcinoma histology in women with cervical cancer.

Abstract Objectives We performed a population-based analysis to determine the effect of histology on survival for women with invasive cervical cancer. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was used to identify women with stage IB-IVB cervical cancer treated from 1988 to 2005. Patients were stratified by histology (squamous, adenocarcinoma, and adenosquamous). Clinical characteristics, patterns of care, and outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 24,562 patients were identified including 18,979 (77%) women with squamous cell carcinomas, 4103 (17%) with adencarcinomas, and 1480 (6%) with adenosquamous tumors. Women with adenocarcinomas were younger, more often white, and more frequently married than patients with squamous cell tumors (p Conclusion Cervical adenocarcinomas are more common in younger women and white patients. Adenocarcinoma histology negatively impacts survival for both early and advanced-stage carcinomas.
Gradient plate technique applied to the study of antiviral substances.

SummaryThe gradient plate technique, originally used in bacteriology, was adapted to the study of virus inhibition by known antiviral compounds, including pyrimidine nucleo-sides, thiosemicarbazones, amantadine, guanidine, and -hydroxybenzylbenzimidazole, all of which produced striking antiviral effects. Reversal of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR) activity by thymidine was readily quantified by using this method. The technique was applicable to the bioassay of IUdR and guani-dine and to the ready detection and isolation of IUdR-resistant strains of herpes simplex virus.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of tetrafluoro-1,3-dithietane

Abstract The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of tetrafluoro-1,3-dithietane ((SCF 2 ) 2 ) are examined theoretically using the Gaussian98 set of quantum chemistry codes. Each of the vibrational modes was assigned to one of the eight types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (C–F stretch, C–S stretch, C–S–C bend, CF 2 wag, CF 2 rock CF 2 scissors, CF 2 twist, and ring torsion) utilizing the D 2 h symmetry of the molecule. Uniform scaling factors were derived for each type of motion. Predicted infrared and Raman intensities are reported.
Channel estimation with power-controlled pilot symbols and decision-directed reference symbols [OFDM systems]

In this paper, a new channel estimation technique is presented that can improve the performance of channel estimation with fewer pilot symbols transmitted than would be normally required in the conventional techniques. In the proposed technique, temporary estimates of CSI are initially obtained based on the transmitted pilot symbols and used to create additional decision-directed reference symbols (referred to as virtual pilots) with the least-square estimation technique. The proposed technique is differentiated from existing decision-directed channel estimation techniques in that the blind decision process for data symbols is incorporated to increase the total number of pilot symbols, instead of directly using the decision-directed CSI estimates. In order to enhance the quality of the demodulated data symbols that may be selected as virtual pilot symbols, transmit power control can be employed on the transmitted pilot symbols. From computer simulation, it is observed that the proposed method outperforms the conventional method and achieves about 3 dB gain for QPSK and more than 5 dB for 16-QAM at an SER of 10/sup -2/ in the channel model considered.
Static and transient hyperfine magnetic fields at Ba isotopes recoiled in iron

Abstract The hyperfine magnetic field at Ba nuclei recoiled into Fe is negative and the transient magnetic field acting on the recoiling nuclei is found to be consistent with systematics.