cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interannual variability in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, measured by a network of environmental sensors

The Indian River Lagoon Observatory (IRLO) is investigating ecological relationships in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) and how they are impacted by natural and human-induced stressors. An important IRLO component is a network of advanced observing stations: the Indian River Lagoon Observatory Network of Environmental Sensors (IRLON). IRLON has 10 sites in the IRL and St. Lucie Estuary (SLE) to provide real-time, high-accuracy, and high-resolution water quality and weather data through an interactive website. This network enables researchers to follow environmental changes in the IRL, assist resource and planning managers to make informed decisions, model and correlate environmental data to biological, chemical and physical phenomena, and contribute to education and public outreach on the lagoon. Here we contrast two years of water quality conditions in the IRL and SLE. 2016 was a very “wet” year, including nine months of freshwater releases from Lake Okeechobee, which resulted in cyanobacteria blooms, and the nearby passage of Hurricane Matthew, which caused much shorter-term impacts in water quality. 2017 was a “dry” year, a significant drought early in the year, and major water quality parameters were substantially different than in 2016, until the nearby passage of Hurricane Irma. These high-frequency, continuous observatory data enable better quantification and modeling of relationships between environmental factors and biological processes in estuaries with tremendous climate-related interannual variability. This technology enables scientists, managers, educators, students, and the public to directly observe both long-term ecosystem changes and those driven by events, such as freshwater discharges, droughts, storms, and algal blooms.
Foundations of Physical Activity and Health Promotion in Early Childhood

Advances in technology have directly impacted the physical activity levels of children. Physical activity refers to any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure (Meeks L, Heit P, Page R, Comprehensive school health education: totally awesome strategies for teaching health. McGraw Hill, New York, 2013). Despite well-documented research defining the importance of physical activity during early childhood, today’s children are generally less physically active than children from prior generations. Physical inactivity among children is a public health concern that may be entirely preventable. Regular physical activity is one of the most important things individuals of all ages can do for their health, and early childhood is a critical time for developing self-care habits, including regular exercise. This chapter will define key terms related to physical activity and children’s health, examine international trends in physical activity among children, and provide a rationale for promoting physical activity and wellness in early childcare settings.
Olfactory Bulb Involvement in AD: An Early Change

Olfactory function is severely compromised in the early stages of Alzheimer disease (AD). This compromise is particularly apparent in tasks requiring naming of the odorant (Serby et al., 1985; Peabody and Tinklenberg, 1985; Warner et al., 1986; Knupfer and Speigel, 1986; Doty et al., 1987). In contrast, detecting the presence of an odorant (i.e. detection) or discriminating that two odorants are different (discrimination) appear to be relatively spared early in the disease (Engen, 1977; St Clair et al., 1985; Rezek, 1987; Koss et al., 1988; Hughes et al., 1994). To date it has been unclear what lesion(s) might underlay the early deterioration of olfactory recognition function.
Route of Administration is a Determinant of the Tissue Disposition and Effects of TBTO on Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Drug Metabolism

Organotins have found wide industrial and agricultural applications as a result of the potent biocidal activities exhibited by many of these compounds (1,2). Recently, some of these compounds have undergone testing for potential antitumor activity (3). This wide diversity of applications of organotins has prompted an extensive evaluation of their general toxicity (4–7).
Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling of Closed Plant Production Systems

In order to obtain high level of control over plant production, systems of high degree of closure for growing plants have been developed. These “closed” systems frequently exhibit the integration of automation, plant cultural requirements, and environmental control (i.e. the concept of ACESYS). Examples include plant factories, biomass production units for space journeys, and transplant production facilities. An object-oriented approach was taken to analyze these plant production systems. The purpose was to develop a set of foundation classes that could be used to effectively describe the components of closed plant production systems. Eight foundation classes were developed as the result of the object-oriented analysis, namely: Automation, Culture_Plant, Culture_Task, Culture _Facility, Environment_Rootzone, Environment_Aerial, Environment_Spatial, and Shell. An object-oriented model representing closed plant production systems was subsequently developed. The first version of the model is a crop production model for systems study of biomass production units within an advanced life support system for long duration human exploration of space. This JAVA based computer model is capable of calculating crop yield, inedible plant material, transpiration water, power usage, labor requirement, etc. over time for various crop mixes and scheduling scenarios. This biomass production model can be modified for simulating other closed plant production systems.
County‐level access to opioid use disorder medications in medicare Part D (2010‐2015)

OBJECTIVE To identify geographic disparities in access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment medications and county demographic and economic characteristics associated with access to buprenorphine and oral naltrexone prescribers in Medicare Part D. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING We utilized data from the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Event Standard Analytic File (2010-2015). STUDY DESIGN/DATA COLLECTION We used logistic regression to examine county-level access to OUD medication prescribers. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS There was a 5.6 percentage point increase in counties with access to an OUD prescriber over the study period. However, in 2015, 60 percent of US counties lacked access to a Medicare Part D buprenorphine prescriber and over 75 percent lacked access to an oral naltrexone prescriber. Increased access to OUD prescribers was largely concentrated in urban counties. Results of logistic regression indicate regional differences and potential racial disparities in access to OUD prescribers. CONCLUSIONS To improve access to buprenorphine and naltrexone treatment for Medicare Part D enrollees, CMS may consider implementing educational and training initiatives focused on OUD treatment, offering training to obtain a buprenorphine waiver at no cost to providers, and sending targeted information to providers in low OUD treatment capacity areas.
Lifecycle Support for Scientific Investigations: Integrating Data, Computing, and Workflows

Scientific workflows have emerged as a model for representing the complex processes carried out by scientists throughout their investigations, encompassing research activities corresponding to data collection, data flow, computation, output analysis, and all the ways these are used together to produce results. Existing infrastructures support elements of the workflow, such as data repositories or computing services, but these are not integrated as interactive environments that provide full investigation lifecycle support. The digital environment for enabling data-driven sciences (DEEDS) project brought together domain scientists and computer scientists to create a platform that provides interactive end-to-end support for diverse scientific workflows. Key among requirements were preservation, provenance, coupling of data and computing, results traceability, collaborative sharing, exploration, and publication of the full products of research work. This paper highlights use cases that contributed to DEEDS development and concludes with lessons learned from a process that joined experiences and perspectives from diverse science domains.
Development of a Two-Way Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian Computational Magnetic Nanoparticle Targeting Model for Pulsatile Flow in a Patient-Specific Diseased Left Carotid Bifurcation Artery

The aim of the present work is to present the development of a computational two-way coupled (fluid and particle coupled) magnetic nanoparticle targeting model to investigate the efficacy of magnetic drug targeting (MDT) in a patient-specific diseased left carotid bifurcation artery. MDT of therapeutic agents using multifunctional carrier particles has the potential to provide effective treatment of both cancer and cardiovascular disease by enabling a variety of localized treatment and diagnostic modalities while minimizing side effects. A computational model is developed to analyze pulsatile blood flow, particle motion, and particle capture efficiency in a diseased left carotid bifurcation artery using the magnetic properties of magnetite (Fe3O4) and equations describing the magnetic forces acting on particles produced by an external cylindrical electromagnetic coil. A Eulerian–Lagrangian technique is adopted to resolve the hemodynamic flow and the motion of particles under the influence of a magnetic field (Br= 2T). Particle diameter sizes of 20 nm–4 μm in diameter were considered. The computational simulations demonstrate that the greatest particle capture efficiency results for particle diameters within the micron range, specifically 4 µm in regions where flow separation and vortices are at a minimum. It was also determined that the capture efficiency of particles decreases substantially with particle diameter, especially in the superparamagnetic regime. Particles larger than 2 μm were targeted and captured at the desired location by the external magnetic field, and the largest capture efficiency observed was approximately 98%. The simulation results presented in the present work have shown to yield favorable capture efficiencies for micron range particles and a potential for enhancing capture efficiency of superparamagnetic particles in smaller arteries and/or using magnetized implants such as cardiovascular stents. The present work presents results for justifying further investigation of MDT as a treatment technique for cardiovascular disease.
Two notes on the copenhagen problem

Poincare's method of consequents is applied to the computation of asymptotic branches from the unstable equilibrium L4 in the restricted problem of three bodies with equal masses, known as the ‘Copenhagen Problem’. Because of looping in the orbits, the ‘Poincare mapping’ in this problem is not continuous, and the structure of the branches is more complicated than that for simpler dynamical systems for which computations have appeared.
Large Shareholders and Financial Distress

Blockholders play a prominent role in distressed firms' access to finance. I develop a dynamic model of the interaction between these investors and distressed firms to examine blockholders' impact on efficiency and the distribution of value. The model captures key empirical facts on distressed equity issuances, including the provision of substantial discounts to large investors. Blockholders' impact on debt overhang problems is generically non-monotone. Whereas inefficiencies are exacerbated for intermediate levels of distress, they are alleviated in deep distress, when blocks are acquired in last-minute interventions. The paper proposes a novel set of modeling tricks that yield global solutions in environments with optimal default and learning, while only requiring the inversion of sparse matrices.
Testing the Alchian–Allen theorem for three goods using the pseudo Poisson model

We show that the Alchian–Allen theorem holds in three‐good world. We empirically test the theorem by examining the relative demand for three quality‐differentiated coffee varieties sold globally and confirm that a common per‐unit charge increases the overall quality of coffee demanded. Our empirical specification employs the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood method, which prevents sample selection bias when zero flows between country pairs occur and estimated parameter inconsistency when the data exhibit heteroscedasticity. This is a significant improvement compared to previous practice of using the ordinary least squares to estimate the log‐log formulation, which led to both biased and inconsistent parameter estimates.
Prospective Evaluation of Focal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose:We report short-term outcomes of focal high intensity focused ultrasound use for primary treatment of localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods:Single-center prospectively collected d...
Limbic white matter structural integrity at 3 months prospectively predicts negative emotionality in 9-month-old infants: a preliminary study.

Abstract Background Little is known about how early alterations in white matter relate to clinically relevant behaviors such as emotional dysregulation. Thus, our goal was to examine how the white matter structural integrity of key limbic (i.e., uncinate fasciculus and cingulum) and commissural (i.e., forceps minor) bundles in 3-month-old infants prospectively predicts emotional regulation behaviors at 9 months. Methods Three-month-old infants underwent multishell diffusion-weighted imaging. Following image processing, tractography was performed for each tract within each infant's native space (n=20). Measures of white matter integrity, including microstructure and morphology, were extracted from each tract. At 9 months, negative emotionality (NE) and positive emotionality (PE) were elicited using Laboratory Assessment of Temperament tasks. Elastic net regressions were performed for variable selection, which included white matter integrity variables from each of the 3 tracts, along with several covariates, including age, sex, use of public assistance, and the mother's depressive symptoms. Outcome variables were NE and PE composite scores evaluated in two separate models. Results Notably, following hierarchical regression using elastic net-selected variables, uncinate structural integrity was the most robust predictor of NE (s=-0.631, p=0.005). Limitations The sample size of our study is a limitation, however, as a preliminary study, our goal was to describe our findings to inform future, larger studies. Conclusions Greater uncinate structural integrity predicted lower NE, suggesting that greater uncinate structural integrity at 3 months allows greater emotional regulation capacity at 9 months. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate prospective brain-to-emotional behavior relationships in infants.
Robot-Accelerated Perovskite Investigation and Discovery

Metal halide perovskites are a promising class of materials for next-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. The discovery and full characterization of new perovskite-derived materials ...
(Re)writing history: Examining the cultural work of the obituary and journalists’ construction of a former president’s legacy:

This study provides an empirical and analytical look at how obituaries, as a relatively unexplored form of journalism, illuminate the long-term and conscious cultural work that journalists do. Thro...
La función “carnavalesca” de las referencias musicales en «El juez de los divorcios» y «La elección de los alcaldes de Daganzo» de Cervantes

Este trabajo analiza la conexion entre el concepto bajtiniano de lo “carnavalesco” y las referencias musicales en La eleccion de los alcaldes de Daganzo y El juez de los divorcios de Cervantes. Aunque mucha de la musica que figuraba en estas obras no ha sobrevivido, su engranaje en las tablas evidentemente brilla en cuantiosas didascalias que senalan su maxima participacion como efecto especial, y especialmente, como herramienta para la manifestacion del «mundo al reves», no solo por medio de conceptos musicales, como expresiones idiomaticas o tropos en el lenguaje de los personajes, sino tambien a traves de los instrumentos, los bailes y las canciones referidas. Nos centraremos en estos dos entremeses para demostrar que la importancia de las referencias musicales radica en una cuidadosa funcion ideologica. Estas referencias musicales que Cervantes concibio no solo contribuyen de maneras practicas, tecnicas y estructurales al plano espectacular, sino tambien a los mecanismos de la risa, la satira y al sentido de lo “carnavalesco”.
Using Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict glucobrassicin concentrations in cabbage and brussels sprout leaf tissue

Glucobrassicin (GBS) and its hydrolysis product indole-3-carbinol are important nutritional constituents implicated in cancer chemoprevention. Dietary consumption of vegetables sources of GBS, such as cabbage and Brussels sprouts, is linked to tumor suppression, carcinogen excretion, and cancer-risk reduction. High-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) is the current standard GBS identification method, and quantification is based on UV-light absorption in comparison to known standards or via mass spectrometry. These analytical techniques require expensive equipment, trained laboratory personnel, hazardous chemicals, and they are labor intensive. A rapid, nondestructive, inexpensive quantification method is needed to accelerate the adoption of GBS-enhancing production systems. Such an analytical method would allow producers to quantify the quality of their products and give plant breeders a high-throughput phenotyping tool to increase the scale of their breeding programs for high GBS-accumulating varieties. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) paired with partial least squares regression (PLSR) could be a useful tool to develop such a method. Here we demonstrate that GBS concentrations of freeze-dried tissue from a wide variety of cabbage and Brussels sprouts can be predicted using partial least squares regression from NIRS data generated from wavelengths between 950 and 1650 nm. Cross-validation models had R2 = 0.75 with RPD = 2.3 for predicting µmol GBS·100 g−1 fresh weight and R2 = 0.80 with RPD = 2.4 for predicting µmol GBS·g−1 dry weight. Inspections of equation loadings suggest the molecular associations used in modeling may be due to first overtones from O–H stretching and/or N–H stretching of amines. A calibration model suitable for screening GBS concentration of freeze-dried leaf tissue using NIRS-generated data paired with PLSR can be created for cabbage and Brussels sprouts. Optimal NIRS wavelength ranges for calibration remain an open question.
Canceling Quadratic Divergences in a Class of Two-Higgs-Doublet Models

The Newton-Wu conditions for the cancellation of quadratic divergences in a class of two-Higgs-doublet models are analyzed as to how they may be satisfied with a typical extension of the Standard Model of particle interactions.
Estimation of Shortest Path Covariance Matrices.

We study the sample complexity of estimating the covariance matrix $\mathbf{\Sigma} \in \mathbb{R}^{d\times d}$ of a distribution $\mathcal D$ over $\mathbb{R}^d$ given independent samples, under the assumption that $\mathbf{\Sigma}$ is graph-structured. In particular, we focus on shortest path covariance matrices, where the covariance between any two measurements is determined by the shortest path distance in an underlying graph with $d$ nodes. Such matrices generalize Toeplitz and circulant covariance matrices and are widely applied in signal processing applications, where the covariance between two measurements depends on the (shortest path) distance between them in time or space. We focus on minimizing both the vector sample complexity: the number of samples drawn from $\mathcal{D}$ and the entry sample complexity: the number of entries read in each sample. The entry sample complexity corresponds to measurement equipment costs in signal processing applications. We give a very simple algorithm for estimating $\mathbf{\Sigma}$ up to spectral norm error $\epsilon \left\|\mathbf{\Sigma}\right\|_2$ using just $O(\sqrt{D})$ entry sample complexity and $\tilde O(r^2/\epsilon^2)$ vector sample complexity, where $D$ is the diameter of the underlying graph and $r \le d$ is the rank of $\mathbf{\Sigma}$. Our method is based on extending the widely applied idea of sparse rulers for Toeplitz covariance estimation to the graph setting. In the special case when $\mathbf{\Sigma}$ is a low-rank Toeplitz matrix, our result matches the state-of-the-art, with a far simpler proof. We also give an information theoretic lower bound matching our upper bound up to a factor $D$ and discuss some directions towards closing this gap.
Should Grade Group 1 (GG1) be called cancer

ISUP Grade Group 1 prostate cancer is the lowest histologic grade of prostate cancer with a clinically indolent course. Removal of the term ‘cancer’ has been proposed and has historical precedent both in urothelial and thyroid carcinoma. Evidence-based review identifying arguments for and against Grade Group 1 being referred to as cancer. Grade Group 1 has histologic evidence of tissue microinvasion and 0.3–3% rate of extraprostatic extension. Genomic evaluation suggests overlap of a minority of Grade Group 1 cancers with those of Grade Group 2. Conversely, Grade Group 1 tumors appear to have distinct genetic and genomic profiles from Grade Group 3 or higher tumors. Grade Group 1 has no documented ability for regional or distant metastasis and long-term follow up after treatment or active surveillance is safe with excellent oncologic outcomes. Grade Group 1 prostate cancer, while showing evidence of neoplasia on histology has a remarkably indolent natural history more akin to non-neoplastic precursor lesions. Consideration should be given to renaming Grade Group 1 prostate cancer, which has the potential to minimize overtreatment, treatment-related side effects, patient anxiety, and financial burden on the healthcare system.
Heart Transplant Recipients with pAMR1 (H+) and pAMR2 Rejection Have the Same Amount of Myocardial Injury by Molecular Microscope

Purpose A Molecular Microscope System (MMDx) has been developed to detect the presence of T cell mediated (TCMR) and antibody mediated rejection (AMR) with the use of mRNA transcripts. Transplant Cardiologists treat grade pAMR 2 or above per the ISHLT guidelines. Using MMDx we assessed the antibody mediated rejection transcript levels in pAMR1 (H+) and pAMR2 endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) to evaluate if there is a difference in the amount of myocardial injury. Methods Prospectively unselected heart transplant recipients who underwent an EMB after transplant from 12/2018 to 8/2019 at our center and had a MMDx were reviewed. MMDx was performed in 73 recipients with 20 recipients having a grade pAMR1 (H+) and 8 recipients a grade pAMR2. Results 20 recipients had a total of 30 episodes of pAMR1 (H+) rejection and an abnormal MMDx. 8 recipients had a total of 9 episodes of pAMR2 rejection and an abnormal MMDx. Three of the four AMR endoscripts were elevated in both groups with DSAST and NKS having a 8 to 9 times increase over baseline and eDSAST a 2.5 to 3 times increase over baseline. There was NS difference in the level of elevation of the four AMR endoscripts between the two groups. Conclusion MMDx shows that the amount of myocardial injury in pAMR1 (H+) rejection is the same as in pAMR2 rejection. Despite the difference in the histology between the two endomyocardial AMR grades, pAMR1 (H+) should be treated.
A training program for scientific supercomputing users

An 11-week training program aimed principally at graduate and postdoctoral students in computationally intensive fields is described. The program is designed to provide a balance between the specificity of computing center courses, the abstractness of computer science courses, and the personal contact of traditional apprentice approaches. It consists of seminars and clinics given by many visiting and local faculty and covers a variety of supercomputing concepts, issues, and practices related to architecture, operating systems, software design, numerical considerations, code optimization, graphics, communications, and networks. Its research component encourages understanding of scientific computing and supercomputer hardware issues. Flexibility in thinking about computing needs is emphasized by the use of several different supercomputer architectures.
Modeling Investment Behavior and Risk Propagation in Financial Networks

Connections among institutions in the global financial network create the potential for risk to propagate and for failures to cascade as successive institutions fail. As conditions, such as capital requirements change, institutions may modify their behavior in ways that can fundamentally change the relationships among institutions and lead to substantially different failure dynamics. Increasing capital requirements can, for example, paradoxically increase the potential for failures to propagate by altering the intensity of relationships and risk exposures. Predicting such outcomes and directing policies to reduce overall systemic risk requires modeling of institutional responses to environmental conditions. This paper discusses an approach based on inverse optimization of relationship decisions subject to capital constraints. A model of cascading failures and data from national debt cross-holdings illustrate the approach and demonstrate how changing capital requirements may lead to distinct differences in the sequences and extent of failures.
Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and Attempts in Female Sexual Assault Survivors

Relations between (a) serious suicidal ideation and attempts and (b) demographics, trauma history, assault characteristics, post-assault outcomes, and psychosocial variables were examined among female adult sexual assault survivors. Younger, minority, and bisexual survivors reported greater ideation. More traumas, drug use, and assault disclosure related to greater attempts, whereas perceived control over recovery was related to fewer attempts. Child sexual abuse and some assault characteristics predicted suicidal behavior. Depression was related to suicidal behavior until psychosocial variables were accounted for. Specifically, using substances to cope and self-blame predicted greater ideation, whereas receiving aid/information support was related to less ideation. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.
Managing Project Due Date and Material Supply in Project Supply Chains

This paper studies the coordinated management of project due date and material supply in project supply chains. We consider a two-stage project supply chain with an upstream supplier supplying key material to a downstream project ﬁrm under a ﬂexible wholesale price contract. The project is subject to disruptions that impact both project duration and material demand. Therefore the project ﬁrm has to carefully decide its promised project due date to its customer, against which harsh penalties will be assessed, as well as material orders. The ﬂexible wholesale price contract oﬀers potential incentive for the supplier to carry excess materials that protect the project ﬁrm from material shortages. We ﬁrst study a special case of our model that considers a single wholesale price contract allowing for only one ordering opportunity to the supplier. Our analysis indicates that project due date and material order decisions substitute each other in general, but they complement each other when project delay penalty rate changes. As the uncertainty distribution gets stochastically larger, we ﬁnd that the project ﬁrm will always increase its material orders, but may increase or decrease its project due date. For the ﬂexible wholesale price contract, we characterize the optimal solutions for the project supply chain by the implied decision coordination along two dimensions: supply chain coordination (between the project ﬁrm and the supplier) and cross-functional coordination (between the project and the procurement managers). We provide a contract space partition by the decision coordination and conduct sensitivity analysis of our solutions. We characterize the wholesale price contracts that achieve channel coordination and are Pareto eﬃcient. Our analysis shows that not all Pareto eﬃcient contracts coordinate the chain and not all inferior contracts can be improved to achieve channel coordination. Our numerical studies ﬁnd that cost parameters have a greater impact on the contract space partition than distribution function, indicating that the type of coordination and policy needed for managing our project supply chain depends more on cost parameters than on risk parameters.
Name and Subject Heading Reconciliation to Linked Open Data Authorities using Virtual International Authority File and Library of Congress Linked Data Service APIs: A Case Study featuring Emblematica Online

Libraries are actively exploring ways to use Linked Open Data (LOD) services to enhance discovery and facilitate the use of collections. Emblematica Online , which provides integrated discovery of digitized emblem books, incorporates LOD in its design. As an implementation prerequisite, the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) and Library of Congress (LC) Linked Data Service APIs were used to reconcile name and subject strings from legacy catalog records with global authoritative links from LOD resources. This case study reports on the automated reconciliation process used and examines the efficacy of the APIs in reconciling name and subject heading entities. While a majority of strings were successfully reconciled, analysis suggests that data cleanup, rigorously consistent formatting of metadata strings, and addressing challenges in existing LOD resources and services could improve results for this corpus.
Internet of Things (IoT) Security and Forensics: Challenges and Opportunities

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly found around, in, and on us (e.g., smart home and other consumer devices) in applications ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare (e.g., healthcare or medical IoT devices) to surveillance to industry (e.g., industrial IoT IIoT), and battlefields / military (e.g., Internet of Battlefield / Military Things). Such devices are also generally capable of capturing a broad range of information, including digital artifacts that can be used for cyber threat intelligence and inform security mitigation strategy formulation. There are, however, a number of challenges associated with designing IoT cyber security and threat intelligence solutions. In addition to the technical challenges, there are also associated legal and policy challenges that need to be considered in the design and deployment of such solutions in practice. For example, how do we use machine/deep learning to facilitate detection of real-time attacks against IoT devices and systems, and how can we automatically identify and collect digital evidence in a forensically sound manner which can be subsequently used for cyber threat intelligence? In the event that the attackers use sophisticated tools to obfuscate their trails, can we design machine/deep learning techniques to unobfuscate and/or identify and exploit vulnerabilities to get access to digital evidence? What are the potential legal implications and challenges? Can we also design explainable AI techniques to facilitate the explanation and inclusion of such digital evidence and cyber threat intelligence in court proceedings or presentations to C-level or boards in organizations? Based on these discussed challenges, we will identify potential opportunities for stakeholders in academia (e.g., students and researchers), industry and government.
How to save a climate? Just die!

This article treats the deeper casues of inaction toward mitigating global warming and climate change from moral and spiritual perspectives. The Patron Saint of Ecology, Francis of Assisi is a moral and spiritual exemplar for those who desire theologically grounded action on climate change issues. The Franciscan vision offers a powerful antidote to the moral malaise that prevents ordinary Christians from making the necessary choices to live more simply and share in the world's goods more equitably.
Sputtering techniques for epitaxial growth of complex oxides

High-quality epitaxial thin films and superlattices of complex oxides can be achieved using sputter deposition, often at a significantly lower cost than other techniques. Rather than presenting a detailed history of the use of sputtering for complex oxides, this chapter emphasizes the considerations that need to be taken into account to achieve high-quality growth and presents a practical guide highlighting results and procedures from my own laboratory.
A theoretical framework of ecological phase transitions for characterizing tree-grass dynamics.

This paper describes a theoretical framework of ecological phase transitions for modeling tree-grass dynamics and analyzing the shifts or phase transitions from one vegetation structure to another in the southern Texas landscape. This framework implements the integration of percolation theory, fractal geometry and phase transition theory as a method for modeling the spatial patterns of tree-grass dynamics, and nonlinear Markov non-equilibrium thermodynamic stability theory as a method for characterizing temporal tree-grass dynamics and phase transition. An historical sequence of aerial photographs at a Prosopis - thornscrub savanna parkland site in southern Texas was used to determine the parameters of the models. The preliminary analytical result accords well with current understanding and field survey of vegetation dynamics in the southern Texas landscape. The potential of such approaches and other relevant theories such as self-organized criticality and synergetics to vegetation dynamics is also discussed.
Dynamic analysis of start-up strategies of AC excited Double Fed Induction Machine for pumped storage power plant

The electric power generation using hydro potential is increasing around the globe due to many reasons like increasing power demand, deregulated markets, and environmental concerns etc. At the same time, extended transmission networks, higher degrees of interconnection between different networks, and fast connection and disconnection of the heavy loads demand flexible, fast power generation and consumption to and from the grid respectively. The variable speed pump storage hydropower plant with Double Fed Induction Machines [DFIM] is an excellent choice to tackle such problems, which also provides better dynamic stability compared to the conventional synchronous generator. The conventional starting procedure used in case of the synchronous generator can not be used. DFIM can be operated in positive or negative slip. This characteristic makes it possible to use partially decoupled variable frequency AC excitation system based upon power electronic converters. This paper focuses on a comparison of different start-up strategies and three phase short circuit by using the models developed in the SIMSEN software.
A cross-validation of Paulson's discriminant function-derived scales for identifying "at risk" child-abusive parents

Paulson, Afifi, Chaleff, Liu, & Thomason (1975) developed a series of special subscales from the MMPI for identifying individuals who are at risk for child-abusive behavior. The initial results were highly encouraging, with the scales correctly identifying 93 to 100% of the subjects in their sample. Unfortunately, Paulson et al. (1975) failed to cross-validate their findings before publication. When the six scales were cross-validated on an independent sample from the population of child-abusing parents, significant shrinkage in the accuracy of prediction was found. The use of the special subscales for identifying "at risk" parents in prenatal clinics, pediatric clinics, pediatric clinics and mental health centers as originally suggested by Paulson and his colleagues is seriously questioned.
Silicon-chip nonlinear photonic devices

We describe our recent work on the creation of nonlinear optical devices in silicon-based nanowaveguides for a wide variety of applications including spectroscopy, frequency metrology, optical clocks, and multiple-wavelength sources.
Effects of steam-flaked sorghum grain or corn and supplemental fat on feedlot performance, carcass traits, longissimus composition, and sensory properties of steers.

One hundred forty British x Exotic crossbred, yearling steers (370 kg) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment to evaluate main effects and the interaction of grain type (steam-flaked sorghum grain [SFSG] or steam-flaked corn [SFC]) and level of supplemental far (0 or 4% yellow grease [YG]) on feedlot performance, diet NE concentration, carcass traits, and chemical composition and sensory properties of longissimus muscle. Steer performance and estimated dietary NEm and NEg values were not different between SFSG and SFC. Supplemental YG improved (P less than or equal to .05) gain/feed and estimated NEm and NEg of both SFSG and SFC diets. Compared with steers fed SFSG, steers fed SFC had a more yellow (P less than .05) subcutaneous fat color. Supplemental YG had an additive effect (P less than .025) on yellow color of subcutaneous fat but improved (P less than .08) the lean color of longissimus muscle. Grain type or supplemental YG had no effect on sensory properties or mechanical shear of longissimus muscle. Longissimus muscle cholesterol content was elevated (P less than .05) by supplemental YG (.49 vs .52 mg/g of wet tissue for 0 vs 4% YG, respectively); however, the biological significance of this result is questionable. Similarly, effects of YG on increased (P less than .05) stearic acid concentration and a higher concentration (P less than .05) of linoleic acid measured in longissimus muscle of steers fed SFSG vs SFC were small in magnitude. These data indicate that under the conditions of this experiment, NE contents of SFSG and SFC were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LTI systems, additive noise, and order estimation

This paper presents an important application of a novel information theoretic order estimation method, minimum description complexity (MDC). The selection of optimum number of poles and zeros in identification of LTI systems based on observed data is accomplished by MDC. The comparison of MDC with important existing order estimation methods, MDL and AIC, is provided.
The neighborhood athletic club : An ethnographic study of a working-class athletic fraternity in Chicago, 1917-1984

L'analyse des valeurs et de la pratique sportives chez les hommes de la classe ouvriere permet de comprendre la nature et la persistance des differences de classes aux Etats-Unis. Cette etude se concentre sur un quartier ouvrier de Chicago, Lake View, et sur un club sportif principalement, le « Wizard Arrows Social Athletic Club ». La particularite des clubs sportifs de voisinage est d'etre generalement associe a un bar, avec lequel se met en place une association de sponsorisation-protection. L'article retrace l'histoire du club sur trois generations et elargit l'analyse a la nature des rythmes et des modes de vie de la classe ouvriere, ses identites individuelles et collectives, ses visions du monde et ses systemes de valeurs qui ont peu evolue au cours des decennies
Spud's - a Computer-Assisted Interactive Project for Use in Intermediate Accounting Courses

This paper discusses a new, computer-assisted teaching tool that has been developed by three professors at a western university to enhance the effectiveness of the first Intermediate Accounting course. This teaching tool centers on an integrated project that can be combined with any traditional textbook. The paper discusses the need for such a teaching tool, then briefly describes the objectives and features of the package. Next, the paper evaluates the package by mapping it to the AICPA's Core Competency Framework (AICPA, 1999), offers observations and discusses future development plans.
The Biosynthesis of Δ9,12,15,18-Tetracosatetraenoic and of Δ6,9,12,15,18-Tetracosapentaenoic Acids by Rat Testes

Abstract Two 24-carbon polyenes previously reported in rat testes have been isolated and characterized to be Δ9,12,15,18-tetracosatetraenoic and Δ6,9,12,15,18-tetracosapentaenoic acids. The compounds were separated and purified by gas-liquid chromatography, and their structures were established by use of gas-liquid chromatography before and after hydrogenation, by ultraviolet spectroscopy of the alkaline isomerized derivatives, and by identification of fragments resulting from cleavage at double bonds by oxidative and reductive ozonolyses. The biosynthesis of the 24-carbon polyenes was studied after intratesticular injections of either 1-14C-linoleate or 1-14C-arachidonate. The two metabolic products, individually, were cleaved by oxidative ozonolysis, and the location of the 14C in the molecule was determined by gas-liquid radiochromatography of the fragments. The distribution of the 14C was consistent with the hypothesis that the 24-carbon polyenoic acids were biosynthesized by elongation and further desaturation of linoleic acid. Final proof was obtained by chemical carbon by carbon degradation and measurement of the specific activity of individual carbon atoms. After 1-14C-linoleate injection, Δ6,9,12,15,18-tetracosapentaenoic acid from testicular tissue was labeled primarily in the 7th carbon. After 1-14C-arachidonate injection, testicular Δ9,12,15,18-tetracosatetraenoate was labeled primarily in the 5th carbon. The suggested pathway of biosynthesis of the 24-carbon tetraenoic and pentaenoic acids is by a 2-carbon elongation of docosatetraenoic and of docosapentaenoic acids, respectively.
Making a Place for the Good in Educational Deliberations

In this essay I wish to take a step toward legitimating ethical-political perfectionism as a stance for citizens to take in public deliberations regarding educational policy. Perfectionism, as I will be thinking of it, is the position that public policy should be based upon, and aimed toward achieving, the best conceptions of a good life. Why do we need a perfectionist orientation? The most important reason is the well-being of young people. Schools should help their students lead lives that are genuinely good.
Programmed identification of fetal heart rate deceleration patterns.

Abstract Fetal heart rate (FHR) deceleration patterns had been characterized with histograms of the lag times, cross-correlation coefficients (with respect to intrauterine pressure [IUP]), and the spectral moments between onset time and recovery time. These parameters were used for computer-assisted interpretation of 505 FHR deceleration patterns from 20 patient files which had previously been interpreted visually. Within this sample of 505 patterns, up to 91 per cent were identified consistently, depending on the lag time criterion used in the decision logic. On a patient-to-patient basis, for the 20 patients studied, the outcomes approximated 85 per cent in consistency.
Basis token consistency: supporting strong Web cache consistency

With Web caching and cache-related services like CDNs and edge services playing an increasingly significant role in the modern Internet, the problem of the weak consistency and coherence provisions in current Web protocols is drawing increasing attention. Toward this end, we differentiate definitions of consistency and coherence for Web-like caching environments, and then present a novel Web protocol we call "basis token consistency" (BTC). This protocol allows compliant caches to guarantee strong consistency of content retrieved from supporting servers. We then compare the performance of BTC with the traditional TTL (time to live) algorithm under a range of synthetic workloads in order to illustrate its qualitative performance properties.
Three Distinct Regions of the Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Genome Are Transcriptionally Active in Latently Infected Mice

The program(s) of gene expression operating during murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) latency is undefined, as is the relationship between γHV68 latency and latency of primate gammaherpesviruses. We used a nested reverse transcriptase PCR strategy (sensitive to approximately one copy of γHV68 genome for each genomic region tested) to screen for the presence of viral transcripts in latently infected mice. Based on the positions of known latency-associated genes in other gammaherpesviruses, we screened for the presence of transcripts corresponding to 11 open reading frames (ORFs) in the γHV68 genome in RNA from spleens and peritoneal cells of latently infected B-cell-deficient (MuMT) mice which have been shown contain high levels of reactivable latent γHV68 (K. E. Weck, M. L. Barkon, L. I. Yoo, S. H. Speck, and H. W. Virgin, J. Virol. 70:6775–6780, 1996). To control for the possible presence of viral lytic activity, we determined that RNA from latently infected peritoneal and spleen cells contained few or no detectable transcripts corresponding to seven ORFs known to encode viral gene products associated with lytic replication. However, we did detect low-level expression of transcripts arising from the region of gene 50 (encoding the putative homolog of the Epstein-Barr virus BRLF1 transactivator) in peritoneal but not spleen cells. Latently infected peritoneal cells consistently scored for expression of RNA derived from 4 of the 11 candidate latency-associated ORFs examined, including the regions of ORF M2, ORF M11 (encoding v-bcl-2), gene 73 (a homolog of the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [human herpesvirus 8] gene encoding latency-associated nuclear antigen), and gene 74 (encoding a G-protein coupled receptor homolog, v-GCR). Latently infected spleen cells consistently scored positive for RNA derived from 3 of the 11 candidate latency-associated ORFs examined, including ORF M2, ORF M3, and ORF M9. To further characterize transcription of these candidate latency-associated ORFs, we examined their transcription in lytically infected fibroblasts by Northern analysis. We detected abundant transcription from regions of the genome containing ORF M3 and ORF M9, as well as the known lytic-cycle genes. However, transcription of ORF M2, ORF M11, gene 73, and gene 74 was barely detectable in lytically infected fibroblasts, consistent with a role of these viral genes during latent infection. We conclude that (i) we have identified several candidate latency genes of murine γHV68, (ii) expression of genes during latency may be different in different organs, consistent with multiple latency programs and/or multiple cellular sites of latency, and (iii) regions of the viral genome (v-bcl-2 gene, v-GCR gene, and gene 73) are transcribed during latency with both γHV68 and primate gammaherpesviruses. The implications of these findings for replacing previous operational definitions of γHV68 latency with a molecular definition are discussed.
Synthesis of a terminal zinc hydride compound, [TpBut,Me]ZnH, from a hydroxide derivative, [TpBut,Me]ZnOH: Interconversions with the fluoride complex, [TpBut,Me]ZnF

Abstract The terminal zinc hydride complex, [ T p Bu t ,Me ]ZnH, can be conveniently obtained from the hydroxide derivative, [ T p Bu t ,Me ]ZnOH, by reaction with H3NBH3. The zinc hydride complex [ T p Bu t ,Me ]ZnH is reactive and the Zn–H bond undergoes (i) insertion of CO2 to produce the formate complex, [ T p Bu t ,Me ]Zn(κ1–O2CH), (ii) protolytic cleavage with Me3SiOH to afford [ T p Bu t ,Me ]ZnOSiMe3, and (iii) metathesis with Me3SnF to form the zinc fluoride derivative, [ T p Bu t ,Me ]ZnF. The fluoride derivative, which may also be formed by the reactions of [ T p Bu t ,Me ]ZnOH with [Me3O][BF4] or Me3SnF, can be converted back to [ T p Bu t ,Me ]ZnH upon treatment with either H3NBH3 or (MeO)3SiH.
The Pipeline Program at Howard University College of Dentistry

This chapter presents an overview of the Pipeline, Profession, and Practice: Community-Based Dental Education program as it was conducted at Howard University College of Dentistry from 2002 to 2007. Pipeline programs, sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The California Endowment, were