cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Baby Books for Providing Pediatric Anticipatory Guidance to New Mothers

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether embedding pediatric anticipatory guidance into books read to infants is an effective way to educate low-income, first-time mothers about injury-prevention and health-promotion practices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Primiparous women (N = 168) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: an educational-book group; a noneducational-book group; or a no-book group. Knowledge of anticipatory-guidance topics regarding children from birth to 12 months of age (eg, injury prevention, parenting, nutrition) was assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy and again when infants were ∼2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. RESULTS: Women in the educational-book group scored consistently higher on knowledge than did those in the other 2 groups. Those in the educational-book group were found to have significantly higher knowledge scores than those in both the noneducational-book group (effect size [ES]: 0.3, P CONCLUSIONS: Books read by mothers to infants seem to be an effective way to provide anticipatory guidance to new mothers. However, future work is needed to determine if increased knowledge translates into safer and more developmentally appropriate parenting practices.
Application of discrete-time quantized data controllers to systems with disturbances

In a recent paper, a new method for the digital control of a continuous-time system based on a table look-up technique was presented. This digital controller is called a discrete-time quantized data (DTQD) controller. In order to minimize the number of table entries, a grid embedding process is proposed. This control technique proved successful when applied to the regulator problem. However, when a DTQD controller using the grid embedding process is applied to a continuous-time system with additive disturbances, the performance of the DTQD controller degraded, causing oscillations and possible limit cycle phenomena. In this paper, the grid embedding process is replaced with a continuous scaling process. The continuous scaling process retains the advantages of the grid embedding process in reducing the number of table entries. In addition, it reduces the amount of oscillation in the system response when disturbances are present.
American Indian Civil War treaties: The instruments formed by the Confederate States of America in Indian Territory

The creation of nine treaties between the Confederate States of America (CSA) and the tribes residing in Indian Territory in 1861 formed a significant historical perspective to the understanding of the relationships between governments and indigenous peoples of the United States. This research note describes a Web page – “So Long as Grass Shall Grow and Water Run: The Treaties Formed By the Confederate States of America and the Tribes in Indian Territory, 1861” – that provides access to paired CSA Statutes at Large page images and their text for each of these instruments.
Influence of Diet Composition on Nitrogen Balance and Body Composition in Meal-Eating and Nibbling Rats

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the influence of meal frequency on nitrogen balance and body composition of rats. Rats were either fed 2 hours per 24 or 48 hours (meal-eaters), or pair-fed to meal-eaters with an automated feeding machine (nibblers). Rats weighing approximately 250 g initially, were fed 10%, 20%, or 30% casein, high-carbohydrate diets or a 20% casein high-fat diet for 7 to 8 weeks. Meal-eaters gained essentially the same amount of body weight as the nibblers. Meal-feeding once per 24 or 48 hours did not adversely in fluence nitrogen balance or the body composition of the rats. In one experi ment, smaller rats, weighing approximately 150 g initially, were utilized. Meal-eaters again, retained as much nitrogen as nibblers, and contained less body fat than the nibblers. In these studies, meal-eating did not cause a depression in nitrogen retention or an increase in body fat deposition in rats. J. Nutr. 107: 1768-1774, 1977.
Is Lunar Ranging a Viable Component in a Next-Generation Earth Rotation Service?

Several new “space” techniques have been used for episodic determination of Earth rotation parameters, usually the variation in apparent longitude (UTO) and apparent latitude of an observing station. Earth rotation services require more than episodic determinations; they need near-daily determinations. Since 1975, planning has been underway for a demonstration of the viability of lunar laser ranging for such a usage. The observing campaign named Earth Rotation from Lunar Distances (EROLD) was organized with the proposed activity to cover the years 1977–78. Progress has not been so rapid as hoped, but it remains true that lunar ranging has produced more Earth rotation information than other new techniques.
DIETARY UPTAKE EFFICIENCY OF 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL IN YELLOW PERCH AND RAINBOW TROUT: ROLE OF DIETARY AND BODY LIPIDS

Dietary uptake efficiency ({alpha}) and eliminate rate constants (k{sub d}) of 2,2{prime},4,4{prime},5,5{prime}-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) were determined in two fish species, yellow perch and rainbow trout, to investigate the influence of dietary and body lipid levels on bioaccumulation. Groups of juvenile fish with significant differences in percent body lipid were fed with a low-fat(LF) or high-fat(HF) diet spiked with 5 or 50 ppb of {sup 14}C-HCBP for 32 d. Thereafter, fish were fed an uncontaminated LF or HF diet to allow for elimination of HCBP. Feeding and growth rates were quantified. There were eight fish lipid-dietary lipid-HCBP concentration exposure combinations for each species. Four fish from each exposure were collected at the beginning of the study and at 10--17-d intervals during exposure and elimination periods for lipid and {sup 14}C-HCBP analysis. The {alpha} values ranged from 74 to 95% in yellow perch and from 79 to 99% in rainbow trout. The greatest {alpha} values, of 95 to 99%, were found in fish given diets with 5 ppb HCBP. Uptake of HCBP was influenced by both dietary and body lipids and depended on the current status of both lipid pools. The elimination rate constants were in the range of 0.000 to 0.004 d{supmore » {minus}1} in yellow perch and 0.003 to 0.010 d{sup {minus}1} in rainbow trout. No significant differences in elimination rate constants between HF and LF fish groups were found. In fish on a constant dietary lipid regime, the k{sub d} values tended to be less in HF than in LF fish. However, in fish groups offered diets with a change in lipid regime. The k{sub d} tended to be greater. Lipid x time interactions in the HF and LF fish groups undergoing a change in lipid regime indicated that the k{sub d} values, like the {alpha} values, were influenced by both lipid pools. Changes in elimination rates due to dietary/body lipid status impacted BAFs more strongly than changes in uptake efficiencies. The BAFs were in the range of 1.11 to 2.49 in yellow perch and 1.5 to 4.3 in rainbow trout.« less
Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

Approximately 3-8 million people in the United States suffer from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a debilitating condition characterized by increased urgency and frequency of urination, as well as nocturia and general pelvic pain, especially upon bladder filling or voiding. Despite years of research, the cause of IC/BPS remains elusive and treatment strategies are unable to provide complete relief to patients. In order to study nervous system contributions to the condition, many animal models have been developed to mimic the pain and symptoms associated with IC/BPS. One such murine model is urinary bladder distension (UBD). In this model, compressed air of a specific pressure is delivered to the bladder of a lightly anesthetized animal over a set period of time. Throughout the procedure, wires in the superior oblique abdominal muscles record electrical activity from the muscle. This activity is known as the visceromotor response (VMR) and is a reliable and reproducible measure of nociception. Here, we describe the steps necessary to perform this technique in mice including surgical manipulations, physiological recording, and data analysis. With the use of this model, the coordination between primary sensory neurons, spinal cord secondary afferents, and higher central nervous system areas involved in bladder pain can be unraveled. This basic science knowledge can then be clinically translated to treat patients suffering from IC/BPS.
Chelyabinsk, Zond IV, and a possible first‐century fireball of historical importance

The well-recorded Chelyabinsk event, the Tunguska event, and the re-entry of the Zond IV vehicle offer opportunities to compare reactions of modern eyewitnesses to eyewitness accounts of possible ancient fireball events. The first-century book, Acts of the Apostles, gives three separate descriptions of a bright light "from heaven," which occurred probably in the 30s (C.E.) near Damascus, Syria. The details offer a strikingly good match to a Chelyabinsk-class or Tunguska-class fireball. Among the most impressive, unexpected consistencies with modern knowledge is the first-century description of symptoms of temporary blindness caused by exposure to intense radiation, matching a condition now known as photokeratitis. An analysis of the re-entry of debris from the Russian Zond IV over the eastern United States in 1968 shows how actual perceived phenomena in an unfamiliar natural celestial apparition are often conceived by the observer in terms of current cultural conceptions, and it is suggested that this happened also in the first-century case.
Induction of Fos protein by antipsychotic drugs in rat brain following kainic acid-induced limbic-cortical neuronal loss.

Antipsychotic drugs increase expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of rat brain. Since intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) infusion of kainic acid (KA) produces loss of limbic-cortical neurons that project to these brain areas, we postulated that the c-fos responses to antipsychotics in these brain areas would be altered following ICV KA administration. To produce limbic-cortical lesions, rats received ICV infusions of either KA (4.5 nmol) or vehicle. Then, 25–28 days later, rats received 0.13, 0.35, or 1.5 mg/kg haloperidol, 6.3, 17.5, or 30.0 mg/kg clozapine, or saline. In both KA-lesioned and control animals, haloperidol produced greater increases in Fos protein immunoreactivity in the striatum than in limbic-cortical areas, while clozapine produced greater increases in Fos protein immunoreactivity in limbic-cortical areas than in the striatum. In both KA-lesioned and control animals, haloperidol and clozapine administration also produced similar dose-dependent increases in Fos protein immunoreactivity in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. However, the ability of clozapine to increase Fos protein immunoreactivity in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex was significantly enhanced in KA-lesioned rats compared to controls. Since limbic-cortical pathology has been implicated in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, the enhanced effect of clozapine on limbic-cortical expression of c-fos in KA-lesioned rats may be relevant to understanding clozapine’s unusual therapeutic actions in patients with schizophrenia.
The Chronic Kidney Disease Model: A General Purpose Model of Disease Progression and Treatment.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the focus of recent national policy efforts; however, decision makers must account for multiple therapeutic options, comorbidities and complications. The objective of the Chronic Kidney Disease model is to provide guidance to decision makers. We describe this model and give an example of how it can inform clinical and policy decisions. Monte Carlo simulation of CKD natural history and treatment. Health states include myocardial infarction, stroke with and without disability, congestive heart failure, CKD stages 1-5, bone disease, dialysis, transplant and death. Each cycle is 1 month. Projections account for race, age, gender, diabetes, proteinuria, hypertension, cardiac disease, and CKD stage. Treatment strategies include hypertension control, diabetes control, use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, nephrology specialty care, CKD screening, and a combination of these. The model architecture is flexible permitting updates as new data become available. The primary outcome is quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Secondary outcomes include health state events and CKD progression rate. The model was validated for GFR change/year -3.0 ± 1.9 vs. -1.7 ± 3.4 (in the AASK trial), and annual myocardial infarction and mortality rates 3.6 ± 0.9% and 1.6 ± 0.5% vs. 4.4% and 1.6% in the Go study. To illustrate the model's utility we estimated lifetime impact of a hypothetical treatment for primary prevention of vascular disease. As vascular risk declined, QALY improved but risk of dialysis increased. At baseline, 20% and 60% reduction: QALYs = 17.6, 18.2, and 19.0 and dialysis = 7.7%, 8.1%, and 10.4%, respectively. The CKD Model is a valid, general purpose model intended as a resource to inform clinical and policy decisions improving CKD care. Its value as a tool is illustrated in our example which projects a relationship between decreasing cardiac disease and increasing ESRD.
Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants

In this paper a theory of two-dimensional moment invariants for planar geometric figures is presented. A fundamental theorem is established to relate such moment invariants to the well-known algebraic invariants. Complete systems of moment invariants under translation, similitude and orthogonal transformations are derived. Some moment invariants under general two-dimensional linear transformations are also included. Both theoretical formulation and practical models of visual pattern recognition based upon these moment invariants are discussed. A simple simulation program together with its performance are also presented. It is shown that recognition of geometrical patterns and alphabetical characters independently of position, size and orientation can be accomplished. It is also indicated that generalization is possible to include invariance with parallel projection.
Adoption protocols for fanout-optimal fault-tolerant termination detection

Termination detection is relevant for signaling completion (all processors are idle and no messages are in flight) of many operations in distributed systems, including work stealing algorithms, dynamic data exchange, and dynamically structured computations. In the face of growing supercomputers with increasing likelihood that each job may encounter faults, it is important for high-performance computing applications that rely on termination detection that such an algorithm be able to tolerate the inevitable faults. We provide a trio of new practical fault tolerance schemes for a standard approach to termination detection that are easy to implement, present low overhead in both theory and practice, and have scalable costs when recovering from faults. These schemes tolerate all single-process faults, and are probabilistically tolerant of faults affecting multiple processes. We combine the theoretical failure probabilities we can calculate for each algorithm with historical fault records from real machines to show that these algorithms have excellent overall survivability.
Genomics-Based Opportunities in Apricot

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is in many ways similar to peach. The two crops share common physical traits, such as highly familiar fruit forms, that point to their common center of origin and remarkably collinear genomes. At first glance, it may seem somewhat redundant to include a chapter on apricot adjacent to a substantial discussion of peach. However, while similar to peach, apricot features many important distinctions. Apricot has a discrete cultural history, its dissemination throughout Asia and Europe is unique, and the challenges faced by apricot breeders and growers discriminate it from other stonefruits. Unlike peach most apricot cultivars are not self compatible. Apricot varieties are much more diverse and they are more abundant in arid regions such as the Middle East. These facets justify an independent treatment of apricot in any discussion of rosaceous crop genomics.
Tenascin expression in the mouse: in situ localization and induction in vitro by bFGF

The glycoprotein tenascin is found in the extracellular matrix in regions of cell motility, cell proliferation, and tissue modelling. We have used novel tenascin cDNA probes to localize tenascin transcripts in the developing mouse and to study the regulation of tenascin expression by growth factors in vitro. At postnatal day 1 tenascin mRNAs are abundant in regions of bone and cartilage formation, as well as in the ependymal layer of the central nervous system. Previous studies have demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta type 1 (TGF-beta 1) can induce tenascin expression in vitro. As TGF-beta 1 is absent or scarce in the developing brain, it is likely that other growth factors, alone or in addition to TGF-beta 1, may regulate tenascin expression during development. Therefore, we have compared the effects of TGF-beta 1 and a growth factor that is found in both developing connective tissue and the central nervous system, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), on tenascin expression in a mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (Swiss 3T3 cells). Immuno-slot blot analysis of Swiss 3T3 cell-conditioned culture medium demonstrates that bFGF is a more potent inducer of tenascin expression than TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, bFGF and TGF-beta 1 have an additive effect on levels of tenascin, but not fibronectin, in the conditioned medium. Western blots revealed that different forms of tenascin are induced by bFGF and TGF-beta 1: the tenascin induced by the former has a molecular mass of approximately 250 kDa, the latter induces an approximately 200 kDa form of tenascin. The induction of large tenascin by bFGF was confirmed by northern blot analysis, which revealed increased levels of an 8 kb tenascin transcript after 24 h by as little as 4 ng/ml of bFGF in serum-free medium. Thus bFGF, alone or in combination with TGF-beta 1, is a potential regulator of tenascin expression in vitro. bFGF may alter not only the relative abundance of tenascin and fibronectin in the extracellular matrix, but also the splice variant of tenascin expressed by a given cell type.
Defining and Dating Financial Crises

This chapter first outlines a number of existing approaches used to define and date financial crises: some rely on the use of policy interventions and some focus on liquidity shocks. It then picks one approach that best suits the empirical analyses shown in this book, which focus on the United States over the period 1984:Q1–2014:Q4. The chosen approach allows for the examination of crises that do not have significant policy interventions, and are generated by banking and market shocks that do not necessarily involve liquidity problems. The key takeaway is that there is no single formula or set of rules for defining and dating financial crises that is best for every situation – some judgment is needed.
A New Carbon Nanotube-Based Field Enhanced Thermionic Cathode

The electron emission properties and field enhancement effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied. However, all of these studies focus only on the field emission aspect of the materials and its application in cold cathode electron emitters. So far, we have not seen any studies in the literature that link CNTs with thermionic cathodes, which are an equally important cathode type because of their many applications. We present a study of field enhanced electron emissions from a new type of cathode: the CNT-based field enhanced thermionic cathode. This new cathode consists of a metal substrate with CNTs grown on top of its surface. The CNTs are coated with thermionic emission materials (BaO, SrO, and CaO). This unique cathode structure takes advantage of both the field enhancement effect from CNTs and the high electron emission capability of thermionic materials. The electron emission properties of this new cathode, particularly the field enhancement factor and effective work function, are compared with the conventional thermionic cathodes that are made of same oxide coating.
Tunneling and Polaron Charge Transport through Li2O2 in Li–O2 Batteries

We describe Li–O2 discharge experiments in a bulk electrolysis cell as a function of current density and temperature. In combination with a simple model, these imply that charge transport through Li2O2 in Li–O2 batteries at practical current densities is based principally on hole tunneling, with hole polaron conductivity playing a significant role near the end of very low current discharges and at temperatures greater than 30 °C. We also show that charge-transport limitations are much less significant during charging than those in discharge. A key element of the model that qualitatively explains all results is the alignment of the Li2O2 valence band maximum close to the electrochemical Fermi energy and how this alignment varies with overpotentials during discharge and charge. In fact, comparison of the model with the experiments allows determination of the alignment of the bands relative to the electrochemical Fermi level.
Pyelonephritis. VIII. Bacterial Interference in Mixed Infections in the Rat Kidney

biology. Indeed, studies of this phenomenon from a therapeutic point of view contributed to the development of antibiotics. More recently, direct bacterial interference, rather than the use of an active microbial product, has been employed in situations in which repeated therapy with antibiotics has been ineffective. The most notable use of interference has been with staphylococci; an avirulent strain has been inoculated to terminate epidemics of staphylococcal infection in newborn infants [1, 2] and to stop repeated infections in individuals [3, 4] or to halt the spread of intrafamilial infections [5, 6]. Comparable studies have not been conducted in human pyelonephritis, but the question frequently arises whether mixed infections exist when several bacteria are isolated from the urine or appear sequentially with or without therapy. If mixed infections do exist, the role of bacterial interference in maintaining relationships between different bacteria may need study. The availability of a model of experimental pyelonephritis in the rat has permitted study of bacterial interference in renal disease. Streptococ-
ASPECTS OF THE JOURNEY-TO-WORK WITHIN A SMALL CITY LABORSHED

A sample of the labor force of Blacksburg, Virginia, was surveyed to examine the relationship between worktrip length and household income within a small city laborshed and to ascertain the importance of commuting costs to the observed journey-to-work pattern. The results indicate that high income households are the most successful minimizers of worktrip length, in contrast to the typical metropolitan pattern. Patterns of home-work separation are linked to the availability of housing within Blacksburg and its laborshed. Households may attempt to reduce travel costs by residential relocation, fuel-efficient automobiles, and carpooling. Carpooling was more prevalent as worktrip length increased and among lower income households. Residential relocation did not reduce travel costs and the use of fuel efficient cars was not associated with either worktrip length or income.
(When) Does Telecommuting Improve Performance? The Moderating Role of Work Characteristics

Despite its popularity, telecommuting’s implications for employee job performance are a matter of ongoing debate. Surprisingly, empirical evidence regarding this issue is scarce. This paper therefo...
Extraction and Bioassay of Renin From Kidneys of Sodium-Depleted and Sodium-Loaded Rats

Extraction and bioassay of renin from kidneys of rats given sodium-depleted and sodium-loaded diets
Our Journey of Understanding Through Lesson Study

Science teacher educators position our selves as experts on both teaching science and helping pre-service teachers (PSTs) learn how to do the same. But there is no guidebook to follow when it comes time to incorporate new ideas and emerging strategies into our practice. To learn more about a growing professional development approach – Japanese Lesson Study – and our own teaching, we collaboratively engaged in Lesson Study in three different methods classrooms focused on teaching PSTs. Six years later, we entered into a collaborative self-study to share how the lesson study project has continued to influence our thinking and practice over the long term. In the process of meticulously reexamining our earlier work together, we answered some of the questions that had emerged during that experience and found new perspectives from which to observe what had taken place. This chapter describes our self-study process in detail, exploring both the impact of the initial lesson study collaboration and the lasting changes to our development as science teacher educators and our perspectives on the role of theory in teacher education.
Spectroscopy and Photochemistry

Spectroscopy is the study of the interactions of matter with electromagnetic radiation and the extraction of information about molecular structure from this interaction. Electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed or emitted by atoms or molecules gives information about energy level differences through the Bohr frequency rule. Emission/absorption spectroscopy is based on the Bohr frequency rule: Measurement of the wavelengths of emitted or absorbed light allows the determination of energy level differences. Selection rules help to predict which transitions between pairs of levels will occur with absorption or emission of radiation. The spectroscopy of atoms involves electronic energy levels. Transitions between rotational states of molecules produce spectra in the microwave region, transitions between vibrational states of molecules produce spectra in the infrared region, and transitions between electronic states of molecules produce spectra in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Other types of optical spectroscopy such as Raman spectroscopy, can supplement emission/absorption spectroscopy. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy involves transitions between states that have different energies in a magnetic field.
Aplastic Anemia with Ethosuximide

An 8-year-old girl who developed aplastic anemia after 8 months ethosuximide therapy for absence seizures is reported from the Children’s Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA.
Evaluation of genetic algorithm-generated multivariate color tables for the visualization of multimodal medical fused data sets

Application of a multimodality imaging approach is advantageous for detection, diagnosis, and management of many ailments. Display is limited to two or three dimensions when using spatial relationships alone. The use of color, in addition to spatial relationships increases the dimensionality of the data that can be effectively visualized. A genetic algorithm has been developed to automatically generate color tables satisfying defined requirements for the fused display of high-resolution and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and F18-FDG positron emission tomography data sets. Radiologists were asked to evaluate images created using several different fusion-for-visualization techniques. The study determined radiologists’ preference, ease of use, understanding, efficiency, and accuracy when reading images using each technique. The genetic algorithm generated color tables were rated as the preferred ones.
A framework to help analyze if creating a game to teach a learning objective is worth the work

Video games are a popular technology adopted by educators to help teach ideas. The benefits are due to pedagogically beneficial characteristics of such games including their ability to adapt to the learner, allow failure, and entertain and engage players. However, designing a video game is a significant effort that takes time and may not even teach the desired learning objective(s). In this work, we provide a framework that can be used by educators to help determine if the effort needed to create a video game is worth it for a given learning objective(s). Our framework blends four pedagogical ideas so that educators can consider if their game is worth the design effort; these pedagogical tools/theories include: (1) Bloom's taxonomy; (2) the Substitution Augmentation Modification Redefinition (SAMR) Model; (3) Wiggins & McTighe course design approach and filter for learning objectives; (4) what we call, pedagogical logistics. With this framework, we analyze two games we have created, and we determine if the games we created were actually worth the effort. The overall goal is to create a framework and show how it can be used to help other researchers determine if their video game idea is worth creating.
Tools for Studying Glycans: Recent Advances in Chemoenzymatic Glycan Labeling

The study of cellular glycosylation presents many challenges due, in large part, to the nontemplated nature of glycan biosynthesis and glycans’ structural complexity. Chemoenzymatic glycan labeling (CeGL) has emerged as a new technique to address the limitations of existing methods for glycan detection. CeGL combines glycosyltransferases and unnatural nucleotide sugar donors equipped with a bioorthogonal chemical tag to directly label specific glycan acceptor substrates in situ within biological samples. This article reviews the current CeGL strategies that are available to characterize cell-surface and intracellular glycans. Applications include imaging glycan expression status in live cells and tissue samples, proteomic analysis of glycoproteins, and target validation. Combined with genetic and biochemical tools, CeGL provides new opportunities to elucidate the functional roles of glycans in human health and disease.
Complication Rates for Hip Arthroscopy Are Underestimated: A Population-Based Study.

Purpose To identify major and minor complication rates associated with hip arthroscopy from a payer-based national database and compare with the rates reported in the existing literature. Methods Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2007 and 2014 were identified using PearlDiver, a publicly available database. Rates of major and minor complications, as well as conversion to total hip arthroscopy (THA), were determined by using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), codes. Incidence rates of select major complications across the entire database were used as a comparison group. Statistical significance was set at P Results Of 18 million patients screened from 2007 to 2014, a total of 2,581 hip arthroscopies were identified. The rates of major and minor complications within a 1-year postoperative period were 1.74% and 4.22%, respectively. Complications included heterotopic ossification (2.85%), bursitis (1.23%), proximal femur fracture (1.08%), deep vein thrombosis (0.79%), and hip dislocation (0.58%). The rate of conversion to THA within 1 year was 2.85%. When compared to rates in the general population, the relative risks [RRs] of requiring a THA (age P 50 years, RR = 22.05, P P 50 years, RR = 2.23, P P Conclusions Higher major complication rates after hip arthroscopy were observed using a national payer-based database than previously reported in the literature, especially in regard to hip dislocations and proximal femur fractures. Rates of total hip arthroplasty were similar to prior studies, whereas the rates of revision hip arthroscopy were higher. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
Environmental goods valuations for social sustainability: A conceptual framework

Abstract There is growing interest in the environmental impact of organizational activities. This exploratory study introduces the need to integrate economic market and non-market valuations for social sustainability in organizations. While organizations have not reached this integration, the potential to help in development and the introduction of social sustainability is significant. The methodology includes an extensive research into economic market and non-market valuation literature for social sustainability. This paper integrates a new approach to the current academic literature highlighting social aspects of sustainability within the supply chain and specifically in reverse logistics. The literature review led to the development of a framework guiding and simplifying these efforts. Practical situations of environmental goods valuations of social sustainability in reverse logistics are provided as an illustration. Using organizational supply chains and reverse logistics as an example, the application of various tools is presented using an environmental goods valuation framework. The integration of these topics aid researchers, policy makers, and practitioners. The findings make a contribution to the strategic organizational justification, performance measurement and sustainability literature by further integrating environmental goods valuation tools, models, theory and practices. The paper includes the development of propositions to be addressed in future research.
Advances in methods and statistics: An introduction to an invited special issue

When reflecting back on the special issues I have gravitated toward over the years, those on innovative methods and statistics immediately come to mind. These types of special issues tend to stimul...
Crude Oil Conservation in Motor Vehicles

Natural gases are superb engine fuels and offer the ideal way to reduce our dependence on imported crude oil.
The Pricing of Growth Opportunity and Stock Market Liquidity

This study presents a simple asset pricing model with liquidity, short-run earnings growth, and long-run growth opportunity as risk factors and with the presence of transaction costs. The model provides a framework for understanding the channel through stock market liquidity affects asset prices by aligning growth opportunity. Empirical results suggest that the return sensitivity to growth and liquidity sensitivity to growth appear to be the most important sources of risks in determining the asset prices. Furthermore, the Granger causality test suggests the systematic liquidity variation through the business cycle is related to the growth opportunity. Liquid stock recover faster than illiquid stocks in response to the upcoming growth opportunity by the end of market downturns and therefore illiquid stocks that are unable to respond to growth opportunity are riskier in face of market shocks. Overall, the findings of this paper shed light on a new channel which liquidity risk affect asset prices and complement the mechanism of “flight to quality”.
Knowledge infusion

The question of how machines can be endowed with the ability to acquire and robustly manipulate commonsense knowledge is a fundamental scientific problem. Here we formulate an approach to this problem that we call knowledge infusion. We argue that robust logic offers an appropriate semantics for this endeavor because it supports provably efficient algorithms for a basic set of necessary learning and reasoning tasks. We observe that multiple concepts can be learned simultaneously from a common data set in a data efficient manner. We also point out that the preparation of appropriate teaching materials for training systems constructed according to these principles raises new challenges.
Do Financial Constraints Affect Internal Capital Markets

I examine the relationship between financial constraints and capital allocation within diversified firms. My findings indicate that, when faced with higher costs of external capital, firms tend to increase the efficiency of their internal capital markets, which, in turn, increases the value added by diversification. More specifically, high growth segments of financially constrained firms have higher unadjusted and industry-adjusted investment ratios relative to low growth segments than do those at firms that are less likely to face financial constraints. Moreover, the transfer of funds from high growth to low growth segments is significantly reduced under financial constraints. These results suggest that financial constraints may have a disciplining effect on corporate managers at diversified firms, who tend to overinvest in segments with poor investment opportunities.
Subconjunctival bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a novel treatment alternative for equine immune-mediated keratitis: A case series.

Equine immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK) leads to increased corneal opacity and inflammation secondary to an alteration of the local immune system. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have been shown to modulate the immune system by downregulating inflammation. Four horses with unilateral IMMK poorly responsive to traditional medical treatments underwent novel, autologous subconjunctival BM-MSC therapy. Bone marrow was harvested and processed as previously described for equine orthopedic disease. Horses received autologous subconjunctival BM-MSC injections approximately every 3-4 weeks for 1-5 treatments total. Horses were maintained on their current medical treatment regimen throughout the BM-MSC treatment period. Three horses had a positive response to therapy as demonstrated by an increase in corneal clarity, a decrease in neovascularization and a reduction in surface irregularity. One horse was nonresponsive to therapy. These experimental results demonstrate the safety and potential efficacy of an innovative solution for IMMK.
Impact of testosterone replacement therapy after radiation therapy on prostate cancer outcomes.

99Background: Currently there is little data to guide the use of testosterone replacement therapy in prostate cancer patients who have received radiation therapy (RT). We sought to evaluate the imp...
An Automated Method for Assessing Topographical Structure-Function Agreement in Abnormal Glaucomatous Regions.

Purpose To develop an automated/objective method for topographically comparing abnormal regions on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field (VF) tests of eyes with early glaucoma. Methods A custom R program was developed that allows for both visualization and automatic assessment of the topographical agreement between functional (24-2 and/or 10-2 VF) and structural (widefield OCT retinal nerve fiber layer and/or retinal ganglion cell layer) deviation/probability maps. It was optimized using information from 98 eyes: 53 diagnosed as "definitely glaucoma" (DG) and 45 recruited as healthy (H) controls. Different pairs of abnormal VF (P <1%, <2%, <5%) and abnormal OCT (P <5%, <10%, <15%) criteria were evaluated. The percentages of abnormal structure-abnormal function (aS-aF) agreement found in DG eyes and nonagreement found in H eyes were used to define the optimal criteria and number of aS-aF locations for the detection of aS-aF agreement. Results A criterion of two aS-aF locations with "OCT <10% and VF <5%" on VF pattern deviation (PD) probability and OCT deviation/probability maps yielded high overall agreement (92%) with high aS-aF agreement for the DG eyes (89%) and high aS-aF nonagreement for the H eyes (95%). Total deviation probability maps achieved slightly lower performance than PD maps. Conclusions The method described here can automatically and objectively evaluate aS-aF agreement with a direct comparison of abnormal regions of function and structure. Translational Relevance As glaucoma diagnosis often involves assessing structure-function agreement, this technique can overcome subjectivity in this assessment.
The physician-scientist, 75 years after Vannevar Bush-rethinking the 'bench' and 'bedside' dichotomy.

Vannevar Bush enshrined the ‘basic’ and ‘applied’ research dichotomy on which much of science policy is still built 75 years later. However, it is time to assess whether this vision for science best serves the purposes of medical research and physician-scientists in the 21st century.
Clinician's Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abstract Background Approach to acute cerebrovascular disease management has evolved in the past few months to accommodate the rising needs of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, we investigated the changes in practices and policies related to stroke care through an online survey. Methods A 12 question, cross-sectional survey targeting practitioners involved in acute stroke care in the US was distributed electronically through national society surveys, social media and personal communication. Results Respondants from 39 states completed 206 surveys with the majority (82.5%) from comprehensive stroke centers. Approximately half stated some change in transport practices with 14 (7%) reporting significant reduction in transfers. Common strategies to limit healthcare provider exposure included using personal protective equipment (PPE) for all patients (127; 63.5%) as well as limiting the number of practitioners in the room (129; 64.5%). Most respondents (81%) noted an overall decrease in stroke volume. Many (34%) felt that the outcome or care of acute stroke patients had been impacted by COVID-19. This was associated with a change in hospital transport guidelines (OR 1.325, P = 0.047, 95% CI: 1.004–1.748), change in eligibility criteria for IV-tPA or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) (OR 3.146, P = 0.052, 95% CI: 0.988–10.017), and modified admission practices for post IV-tPA or MT patients (OR 2.141, P = 0.023, 95% CI: 1.110–4.132). Conclusion Our study highlights a change in practices and polices related to acute stroke management in response to COVID-19 which are variable among institutions. There is also a reported reduction in stroke volume across hospitals. Amongst these changes, updates in hospital transport guidelines and practices related to IV-tPA and MT may affect the perceived care and outcome of acute stroke patients.
Open Video Game Development and Participatory Design

This article analyzes user work during open game development and presents an alternative model for participatory design. During open development, developers publicly distribute incomplete games, di...
Hybrid Aerial Underwater Robotic System (HAUCS): the Initial Instruments Development and Deployment

The Hybrid Aerial/Underwater RobotiC System (HAUCS) is a transformative robotic system that aims to bring fundamental innovations to how aquaculture farms operate. This paper will present the initial hardware development effort in the first year of the HAUCS project. One major success was that land-based automated dissolved oxygen (DO) acquisition systems were developed and deployed at our research partner - Logan Hollow Fish Farm. The sensor development and deployment efforts will be discussed. Our aim in developing a payload extension to achieve efficient underwater sensing without the platform diving into the water will be addressed.
A Comparison Between Self-Reported and Investigator-Measured Cardiovascular Risk-Related Biometric Numbers.

The purpose of this study was to examine individuals’ knowledge of cardiovascular risk-related biometric numbers and to compare self-reported and investigator-measured numbers in a convenience samp...
Inquiry into the educational implications of voting practices of young adults in U.S. mid-term elections

Abstract This study examines political attitudes and experiences of young adults in the United States, with particular focus on voting practices. Since young adults are just beyond K-12 schooling they are the voting segment arguably most affected by their educational experience. Their political habits and attitudes should inform educational policy and practice. The concern under focus is that young adults, including college students, vote at low rates, especially during mid-term elections. Just 22% of citizens ages 18–29 voted in the 2014 mid-term elections, 31% in 2018. Authors surveyed 476 young adults in two states. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 36 participants in both states, who were asked if and why they voted, and about their familial, social, academic, and political experiences. The study found many obstacles to voting, including logistical and educational barriers. Authors suggest how educators might better prepare future voters for the complex and competitive political environment in the U.S.
Comparison of the Filtration Efficiency of Different Face Masks Against Aerosols

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic can spread through virus-containing aerosols (≤ 5 μm) and larger airborne droplets. Quantifying filtration efficiency of different kinds of masks and linings for aerosols that fall within the most penetrating particle size (80 – 400 nm) is critical to limiting viral transmission. The objective of our experiment was to compare the “real-world” filtering efficiency of different face masks for fine aerosols (350 nm) in laboratory simulations. Methods: We performed a simulated bench test that measured the filtering efficiency of N95 versus N99 masks with elastomeric lining in relation to baseline (“background”) aerosol generation. A mannequin head was placed within a chamber and was attached to an artificial lung simulator. Particles of known size (350 ± 6 nm aerodynamic diameter) were aerosolized into the chamber while simulating breathing at physiological settings of tidal volume, respiratory rate, and airflow. Particle counts were measured between the mannequin head and the lung simulator at the tracheal airway location. Results: Baseline particle counts without a filter (background) were 2935 ± 555 (SD) cm-3, while the N95 (1348 ± 92 cm-3) and N99 mask with elastomeric lining (279 ± 164 cm-3; p < 0.0001) exhibit lower counts due to filtration. Conclusion: The filtration efficiency of the N95 (54.1%) and N99 (90.5%) masks were lower than the filtration efficiency rating. N99 masks with elastomeric lining exhibit greater filtration efficiency than N95 masks without elastomeric lining and may be preferred to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Creation of [OUF]+ using gas-phase reactions of [UO2(C6F5)]+

Abstract While the strong axial U O bonds confer high stability and inertness to UO22+, it has been shown that the axial oxo ligands can be eliminated or replaced in the gas-phase using collision-induced dissociation (CID) reactions. In this study, CID of the pentafluorobenzoate precursor ion [UO2(O2C–C6F5)]+ was used to produce the organo-uranyl ion [UO2(C6F5)]+ by decarboxylation. Subsequent CID of [UO2(C6F5)]+ created [UO2(F)]+ by fluoride transfer and elimination of C6F4, rather than UO2+ by elimination of pentafluorophenyl radical (as has been observed for similar species). Moreover, upon reaction of [UO2(C6F5)]+ with H2O, apparent substitution of OH for F to create [UO3HC6F4]+ is favored over hydrolysis to produce [UO2(OH)]+ and (neutral) C6F5H. Subsequent CID of [UO3HC6F4]+ generates [UO2(F)]+ and [OUF]+. When [OUF]+ is isolated to react with H2O and O2 in the ion trap, the principal product ions observed are [UO2(F)]+ and [UO2(OH)]+. Experiments conducted with labeled reagent suggest that reaction with H218O leads to exchange of the oxo ligand and incorporation of the 18O label into [OUF]+ while reaction with O2 likely creates [UO2(F)]+. Formation of [UO2(OH)]+ from [OUF]+ is the result of a cascade of reactions, with initial formation of [UO2(F)]+ by reaction with O2, followed by hydrolysis to create the hydroxide species.