cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Organic Semiconductor Organized into 3D DNA Arrays by "Bottom-up" Rational Design.

A 3D array of organic semiconductors was assembled using a DNA scaffold. An octameric aniline molecule (“octaniline”) was incorporated into a DNA building block based on a dimeric tensegrity triangle. The construct self-assembled to form a 3D crystal. Reversible redox conversion between the pernigraniline and leucoemeraldine states of the octaniline is retained in the crystal. Protonic doping gave emeraldine salt at pH 5, corresponding to the conductive form of polyaniline. Redox cycling within the crystal was visualized by color changes and Raman microscopy. The ease of conversion between the octaniline states suggests that it is a viable electronic switch within a unique 3D structure.
On endowments and indivisibility: partial ownership in the Shapley–Scarf model

We introduce a parameterized measure of partial ownership, the $$\alpha $$ -endowment lower bound, appropriate to probabilistic allocation. Strikingly, among all convex combinations of efficient and group strategy-proof rules, only Gale’s Top Trading Cycles is sd efficient and meets a positive $$\alpha $$ -endowment lower bound (Theorem 2); for efficiency, partial ownership must in fact be complete. We also characterize the rules meeting each $$\alpha $$ -endowment lower bound (Theorem 1). For each bound, the family is a semilattice ordered by strength of ownership rights. It includes rules where agents’ partial ownership lower bounds are met exactly, rules conferring stronger ownership rights, and the full endowments of TTC. This illustrates the trade-off between sd efficiency and flexible choice of ownership rights.
Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy insensitively detects low cerebral venous oxygen saturations after stage 1 palliation

Abstract Background Measurement of cerebral venous oxyhemoglobin saturation (ScvO 2 ) is considered a gold standard in assessing the adequacy of tissue oxygen delivery (DO 2 ) after the stage 1 palliation (S1P), with SvO 2 2 . Regional oxygenation index (rSO 2 ) based on near-infrared resonance spectroscopy (NIRS) frequently is used to screen for compromised DO 2 , although its sensitivity to detect severe abnormalities in SvO 2 is uncertain. Methods ScvO 2 was measured by co-oximetry from the internal jugular vein as clinically indicated in 73 neonates after S1P. These values were compared with cerebral rSO 2 (FORE-SIGHT; CASMED) via mixed effects model linear regression, Bland-Altman analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Because NIRS devices measure a composite of arterial and venous blood, we calculated an rSO 2 -based ScvO 2 designed to remove arterial contamination from the rSO 2 signal: rSO 2 -based ScvO 2 = (rSO 2 − arterial oxygen saturation × 0.3)/0.7. Results Among 520 time-matched pairs of ScvO 2 and cerebral rSO 2 , the slope of the relationship between rSO 2 and ScvO 2 (after we adjusted for effects of hemoglobin) was 0.37 ± 0.04 with only modest correlation (r 2 = 0.39), and mean bias of +8.26. When ScvO 2 was 2 was 2 in the same range is >99%. Correction of rSO 2 for arterial contamination significantly decreased mean bias (+3.03) and improved the sensitivity of rSO 2 to detect ScvO 2 2 2 2 Conclusions Cerebral rSO 2 in isolation should not be used to detect low ScvO 2 , because its sensitivity is low, although correction of rSO 2 for arterial contamination may improve sensitivity. Cerebral rSO 2 of 50 or greater should not be considered reassuring, though values below 30 are specific for low ScvO 2 .
Studies with antigens: III. The preparation of purified house dust extract

Abstract The processes of purification of house dust extract described resulted in the removal of a large proportion of allergically inert materials. The purified and concentrated extract obtained by fractionation and refractionation of house dust extract with various organic solvents was further purified by dialysis through No. 1200 cellophane. Extracts purified by fractional precipitation and by fractionation and dialysis contained a significantly greater degree of skin reacting activity per unit weight of dissolved solids than did the original extracts from which they were processed. Since the activity was significantly greater per unit weight of dissolved solids, it was evident that the increased activity of the purified extracts was due to an increased concentration of the allergic factor. Precipitation of extracts purified by water-miscible organic liquids, with ammonium sulfate and other sulfate salts in high concentrations, produced further purification. This was significantly greater than that produced by treatment of the original extract with ammonium sulfate or by its extensive dialysis through a suitable semipermeable membrane. Treatment of original house dust extracts or dialyzed original house dust extracts with water-miscible organic liquids removed nonspecific materials which were otherwise precipitated from these extracts by ammonium sulfate. Treatment of aqueous extracts of house dust by fractionation with water-miscible organic liquids, and then treatment with ammonium sulfate or other sulfate salts in high concentrations, followed by dialysis, produced a highly purified house dust extract.
What does economic anthropology have to contribute to studies of risk and resilience

The 2016 annual meeting of the Society for Economic Anthropology, held in Athens, Georgia, brought together speakers and poster presenters around the theme of risk and resilience. In this introduction to the corresponding issue of Economic Anthropology, we briefly summarize the landscape of past approaches to risk and resilience to situate the nine papers in this issue. These papers represent three themes: (1) how persons and communities with limited means evaluate and cope with risk and seek resilience; (2) how persons and communities cope with governmental and organizational strategies to reduce public risks; and (3) shared, meaning-rich cultural understandings of the causes and consequences of risk. We conclude that anthropology offers fruitful avenues for future research because anthropological studies (1) take a critical (but not dismissive) view of Western cultural biases in risk and resilience research, (2) take seriously the perspectives of non-Western others, (3) are often multiscalar, and (4) bridge to new topics and perspectives.
Effectiveness of Disease Prevention in Community Health Center Dental Programs

The goal of this paper is to describe and analyze oral health disease prevention at Community Health Center (CHC) dental programs in order to summarize the effectiveness of activities at the individual and community levels. Recent efforts to expand oral health prevention and care with children at community health centers have shown positive results. Although there is considerable literature regarding oral health disease prevention aimed at individuals and communities, there are few articles that specifically address preventive oral health programs at CHC. CHC dental programs are well positioned to address the prevention of dental diseases as an integral part of care based on their organization and strong community-based orientation. Recent trends in the integration of medical and dental care at CHC support dental disease prevention activities to increase oral health and provide opportunities for further research in monitoring effectiveness of disease prevention in CHC.
The effect of nail characteristics on surface bacterial counts of surgical personnel before and after scrubbing

Objective To determine the influence of nail characteristics on bacterial counts on the fingers of surgery personnel. Study design Randomized nonblinded controlled crossover study design. Sample population Veterinary students, small animal surgery technicians, small animal surgery interns/residents, and small animal surgery faculty in a veterinary teaching hospital (n = 21). Methods Subjects were randomized into one of 2 groups; group 1 wore nail polish (P) for 1 week and group 2 (control) had nonpolished (NP) fingernails. Each subject changed groups the following week. Fingernail lengths were measured each day and fingernail samples were collected before and after presurgical scrub and after surgery. Total bacterial counts (TBC) and suspected staphylococci were counted on blood agar media and mannitol salt agar. The association between bacterial counts and nail biting, position of the volunteer, duration of the surgery, whether the nail polish was chipped, duration of nail polish application, type of surgery, and handedness was tested. Log-transformed CFU counts were compared with a Student's t test and presence or absence of bacteria were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results TBC, quantities of staphylococci, other gram-positive organisms, and gram-negative bacilli did not differ between P and NP personnel. The only variable associated with higher bacterial counts consisted of nail lengths greater than 2 mm. Conclusion Nail polish did not influence bacterial counts and types of isolates, but nail length is a risk factor for increased bacterial counts. Based on our results, we recommend that nail length be kept under 2 mm.
Optical losses of photovoltaic cells due to aerosol deposition: Role of particle refractive index and size

Abstract Field experiments have revealed that deposition of dust particles plays a significant role in optical degradation of photovoltaic (PV) cell performance. Such experiments have been performed as a function of tilt angle of the cells, exposure time, and other environmental factors. However, very little is known about cell degradation as function of intensive particle parameters such as size and complex refractive index. This paper shows that, for normally incident solar radiation, deposited aerosols degrade PV cell performance due to particle absorption and due to scattering into the backward hemisphere. The fraction power lost ( FL ), together with the optical depth of the deposited particles, determines the fraction of power lost from the incident light beam. We have performed scattering calculations simulating the interaction of light with particles on substrates that analyzed FL as function of particle size and particle complex refractive index. We have found that for small particles and a relatively large imaginary part of their refractive index, absorption losses dominate while for large particles and a relatively small imaginary part of the refractive index, backscattering losses dominate. Per optical depth, fine particles result in higher optical losses than coarse ones due to their larger absorption and hemispheric backscattering. Overall, our work quantifies optical losses caused by deposited aerosols toward the goals of estimating PV cell performance for energy forecasting, informing PV cell designers about potential efficiency losses caused by particle deposition, and optimizing cleaning schedules.
Pediatric primary Sjögren syndrome presenting with bilateral ranulas: A case report and systematic review of the literature.

Abstract Context Primary Sjogren syndrome is uncommon in children, and the standard clinical criteria used in diagnosis of adult Sjogren syndrome will miss many children with the disease. Floor of mouth ranulas have not been described in Sjogren syndrome. Objective This study aims to describe a novel presentation of juvenile primary Sjogren syndrome, and to present a comprehensive systematic review of the literature regarding the presentation and diagnosis of Sjogren syndrome in children. Data sources Ovid MEDLINE. Study selection A MEDLINE literature search was performed using the following search terms: primary, Sjogren, disease, and children. Results were limited to human subjects and articles written in English between 1981 and 2014. Applicable articles were reviewed and qualitatively summarized. Data extraction Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRIMA). Results Initial MEDLINE search yielded 146 articles, 80 of which were excluded as not clinically pertaining to Sjogren syndrome. An additional 25 were excluded due to lack of pediatric-specific data. Systematic review of the literature revealed no reports of ranula in association with Sjogren syndrome. 6 papers were manually included from review of reference lists of included articles. Our review indicated that recurrent parotitis is the most commonly reported presenting symptom in children, followed by ocular and oral symptoms, musculoskeletal, and renal symptoms. Compared to adults, children are less likely to present with dry eyes and mouth. Limitations All studies were retrospective chart reviews, case series or case reports. Conclusion This is the first report of a child presenting with floor of mouth ranulas in association with Sjogren syndrome. While recurrent parotitis is the most common presentation in children, other salivary gland and extra-salivary manifestations may be seen, and the clinician must maintain a high index of suspicion for underlying Sjogren syndrome.
Evaluating Medicaid: Moving Beyond Coverage to Understanding Program Design

Medicaid is perhaps the most under-researched insurance program in the nation, even though it provides coverage for more than 70 million low-income individuals who have relatively little other recourse for insurance or medical care. Evaluations of the Medicaid program face several challenges: Data are difficult to obtain, pricing and expenditure measures are complex, churn on and off the program can introduce noise in quality measurement, and with widespread experimentation across the nation, comparison groups that allow for the study of interventions or natural experiments can be elusive. Research surrounding behavioral health, oral health, the social determinants of health, and racial and ethnic disparities is particularly sparse and deserves additional attention. The call for policymakers and researchers is to develop and evaluate Medicaid payment and delivery system models that can prove (and improve) the value of the program.
To Be Immortal, Do Good or Evil

Many people believe in immortality, but who is perceived to live on and how exactly do they live on? Seven studies reveal that good- and evil-doers are perceived to possess more immortality-albeit different kinds. Good-doers have "transcendent" immortality, with their souls persisting beyond space and time; evil-doers have "trapped" immortality, with their souls persisting on Earth, bound to a physical location. Studies 1 to 4 reveal bidirectional links between perceptions of morality and type of immortality. Studies 5 to 7 reveal how these links explain paranormal perceptions. People generally tie paranormal events to evil spirits (Study 5), but this depends upon location: Evil spirits are perceived to haunt houses and dense forests, whereas good spirits are perceived in expansive locations such as mountaintops (Study 6). However, even good spirits may be seen as trapped on Earth given extenuating circumstances (Study 7). Materials include a scale for measuring trapped and transcendent immorality.
Substrate Specificities and Efflux Efficiencies of RND Efflux Pumps of Acinetobacter baumannii

ABSTRACT Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causes infections that are extremely difficult to treat. A significant role in these resistance profiles is attributed to multidrug efflux pumps, especially those belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily of transporters. In this study, we analyzed functions and properties of RND efflux pumps in A. baumannii ATCC 17978. This strain is susceptible to antibiotics and does not contain mutations that are commonly selected upon exposure to high concentrations of antibiotics. We constructed derivatives of ATCC 17978 lacking chromosomally encoded RND pumps and complemented these strains by the plasmid-borne genes. We analyzed the substrate selectivities and efficiencies of the individual pumps in the context of native outer membranes and their hyperporinated variants. Our results show that inactivation of AdeIJK provides the strongest potentiation of antibiotic activities, whereas inactivation of AdeFGH triggers the overexpression of AdeAB. The plasmid-borne overproduction complements the hypersusceptible phenotypes of the efflux deletion mutants to the levels of the parental ATCC 17978. Only a few antibiotics strongly benefitted from the overproduction of efflux pumps and antibacterial activities of some of those depended on the synergistic interaction with the low permeability barrier of the outer membrane. Either overproduction or inactivation of efflux pumps change dramatically the lipidome of ATCC 17978. We conclude that efflux pumps of A. baumannii are tightly integrated into physiology of this bacterium and that clinical levels of antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii isolates are unlikely to be reached solely due to the overproduction of RND efflux pumps. IMPORTANCE RND-type efflux pumps are important contributors in development of clinical antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii. However, their specific roles and the extent of contribution to antibiotic resistance remain unclear. We analyzed antibacterial activities of antibiotics in strains with different permeability barriers and found that the role of active efflux in antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii is limited to a few select antibiotics. Our results further show that the impact of efflux pump overproduction on antibiotic susceptibility is significantly lower than the previously reported for clinical isolates. Additional mechanisms of resistance, in particular those that improve the permeability barriers of bacterial cells and act synergistically with active efflux pumps are likely involved in antibiotic resistance of clinical A. baumannii isolates.
Guidelines for Stroke Survivors With Diabetes Mellitus.

In the United States, diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death, and 65% of these deaths are attributable to cardiovascular disease or stroke or to both.1,2 Moreover, diabetes mellitus is an established and independent risk factor for stroke and is associated with a 1.8- to ≈6-fold increased risk compared with nondiabetic subjects.2,3 Currently, 12.2% (30.3 million) US adults over the age of 18 years has diabetes mellitus with 23.8% (7.2 million) unaware they have diabetes mellitus.1 Prediabetes, a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus, is estimated to occur in 33.9% (84.1 million) US adults.1 Moreover, a meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies reported that persons with diabetes mellitus had a 2.3× higher risk of developing ischemic stroke and a 1.6× higher risk of developing hemorrhagic stroke compared with nondiabetics.4 Among patients admitted for acute stroke, diabetes mellitus was associated with a higher risk of death, functional dependency, and stroke recurrence.5,6 Hyperglycemia is a common problem in persons with diabetes mellitus after an acute stroke.5,6 Elevations in serum glucose can be because of many factors, such as age, obesity, and physiological stress. Maintaining therapeutic blood glucose levels postacute stroke can present extreme challenges. Therefore, reasonably tight, yet therapeutic, control of hyperglycemia in persons with diabetes mellitus after a stroke must be a priority. The purpose of this article is to describe (1) major evidence-based interventions to maintain normal glucose levels and improve outcomes in persons with diabetes mellitus after an acute stroke, and (2) the critical role nurses play in the prevention and control of hyperglycemia in persons with diabetes mellitus after a stroke. Several mechanisms associated with diabetes mellitus lead to stroke. Persons with diabetes mellitus have stiffer arteries, early structural changes, and decreased …
Molecular landscape of fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC): Beyond the DNAJB1-PRKACA chimera.

e15668Background: FLC is a rare cancer arising in non-cirrhotic liver of young adults. A functional chimeric transcript resulting from the in-frame fusion of DNAJB1 with PRKACA genes on chromosome ...
Demographic predictors of head and neck cancer survival differ in the elderly.

Objectives/hypothesis Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) prognosis strongly correlates with demographic factors. This study aimed to determine whether demographic predictors of HNSCC survival differ between age cohorts, with an emphasis on the growing elderly demographic. Study design Outcomes research. Methods Adults with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 18 database. Demographic and oncologic factors were compared between three age groups: 18 to 49, 50 to 74, and >75 years. Factors associated with cancer-specific survival were assessed in each cohort using subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) produced by multivariate competing risk models. Results A cohort of 69,098 patients included 10,588 (15.3%) 75 years or older and 9,882 (14.3%) less than 50 years old. Older patients were more often female (35.4% vs. 25.1% aged 18-49 years and 20.4% aged 50-74 years), white (78.7% vs. 69.4% and 75.9%), insured (63.5% vs. 46.5% and 56.8%), and married (56.6% vs. 53% and 51.1%), but received adequate treatment less often (72.0% vs. 86.3% and 82.7%). In the older cohort, male sex was associated with lower mortality (sHR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-1.00), and unlike the younger cohorts, black race was no longer associated with mortality (sHR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.94-1.22). Marriage was associated with lower mortality in all age groups but with diminishing effects (single sHR: young 1.52, middle 1.31, older 1.14). Conclusions Elderly HNSCC patients have distinct effects from demographic prognostic factors and should be considered a separate subgroup with unique epidemiology, risks, and preferences. Level of evidence 2c Laryngoscope, , 129:146-153, 2018.
Prevalence of Comorbidities among Older Head and Neck Cancer Survivors in the United States.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at the time of their cancer diagnosis and during the...
Reducing Local Capacity Bias in Government Grantsmanship

Local governments with more fiscal and administrative resources are at an advantage for obtaining numerous intergovernmental grants. Although many studies have examined the impact of this local capacity bias on grant getting, there has been minimal research on how grant programs could reduce it. We evaluate the effectiveness of two actions that federal and state grant programs have taken to decrease local capacity bias for economically disadvantaged communities, providing matching fund waivers and preferential scoring. By analyzing grant application, evaluation, and award data for California’s Integrated Regional Water Management Program, we find that matching fund waivers were used by many disadvantaged communities in the grant program. However, awarding extra points to projects that would benefit disadvantaged communities appeared to have no impact on funding decisions due to the extra points being small in number and widely distributed. We discuss how the provisions’ design affects their efficacy and how generalizable the findings are to other grant programs. Overall, our study provides support for having grant programs include matching fund waivers and carefully designed scoring preferences to help reduce local capacity bias in grantsmanship.
Distinct expression pattern of periostin splice variants in chondrocytes and ligament progenitor cells

Periostin (POSTN), a secretory matricellular matrix protein, plays a multitude of biologic functions. Various splice variants of POSTN have been described; however, their expression pattern and functional implications are not completely understood. This study was undertaken to decipher the differential expression pattern of POSTN and its splice variants in various tissues and cell types. We show that POSTN was more highly expressed in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) remnants compared with articular cartilage at the cellular and tissue level. Isoforms 1 and 8 were highly expressed only in articular chondrocytes, suggesting their splice-specific regulation in chondrocytes. To discern the role of total POSTN and full-length human POSTN isoform 1 (hPOSTN-001), we stably transfected human chondrosarcoma 1 (hCh-1) cell line with hPOSTN-001 using a pcDNA3.1-hPOSTN-001 construct. RNA-sequencing analysis of hCh-1 cells identified differentially expressed genes with a known role in chondrocyte function and osteoarthritis. Similar expression of a subset of candidate genes was revealed in ACL progenitor cells and chondrocytes as well as in ACL progenitor cells in which POSTN activity was altered by overexpression and by small interfering RNA gene knockdown. Cells expressing total POSTN, not isoform 1, exhibited increased cell adhesion potential. These findings suggest an important role for POSTN in the knee.-Cai, L., Brophy, R. H., Tycksen, E. D., Duan, X., Nunley, R. M., Rai, M. F. Distinct expression pattern of periostin splice variants in chondrocytes and ligament progenitor cells.
Acute Care Surgery for Transplant Recipients: A National Survey of Surgeon Perspectives and Practices.

Abstract Background Transplant recipients are living longer than ever before, and occasionally require acute care surgery for nontransplant-related issues. We hypothesized that while both acute care surgeons (ACS) and transplant surgeons would feel comfortable operating on this unique patient population, both would believe transplant centers provide superior care. Methods To characterize surgeon perspectives, we conducted a national survey of ACS and transplant surgeons. Surgeon- and center-specific demographics were collected; surgeon preferences were compared using χ2, Fisher's exact, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results We obtained 230 responses from ACS and 204 from transplant surgeons. ACS and transplant surgeons believed care is better at transplant centers (78% and 100%), and transplant recipients requiring acute care surgery should be transferred to a transplant center (80.2% and 87.2%). ACS felt comfortable operating (97.5%) and performing laparoscopy (94.0%) on transplant recipients. ACS cited transplant medication use as the most important underlying cause of increased surgical complications for transplant recipients. Transplant surgeons felt it was their responsibility to perform acute care surgery on transplant recipients (67.3%), but less so if patient underwent transplant at a different institution (26.5%). Transplant surgeons cited poor transplanted organ resiliency as the most important underlying cause of increased surgical complications for transplant recipients. Conclusions ACS and transplant surgeons feel comfortable performing laparoscopic and open acute care surgery on transplant recipients, and recommend treating transplant recipients at transplant centers, despite the lack of supportive evidence. Elucidating common goals allows surgeons to provide optimal care for this unique patient population.
Street Talk: Homeless Discourses and the Politics of Service Provision

This chapter introduces a basic typology for identifying key narratives of homelessness that permeate contemporary American social culture. What the sociologist Teresa Gowan aptly describes as sin-talk, sick-talk, and system-talk represents common caricatures of homelessness heard by the media, professionals, and the homeless themselves. Drawing from Gowan’s (Hobos, hustlers, and backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2010) ethnographic study of homeless men in San Francisco, we summarize how these narratives reduce the complex realities of individuals without secure housing to singular causes related to criminal behavior, mental health, or affordable housing. Given this, our chapter has a couple of goals. First, we provide an overview of Gowan’s research by discussing how these discourses have evolved over time and reflect the confluence of various political efforts to manage poverty and inequality in the USA. Second, we argue for the importation of Gowan’s typology into social work as a useful heuristic for praxis. Third, as part of our critique, we discuss some limitations to Gowan’s work for applied practice, and therefore we offer an additional discourse, one of social-talk, to help conceptually congeal and extend these “talks” for social work and its practitioners.
Equation of State Modeling for Porous Materials

This chapter describes the theoretical equations of state (EOSs) for porous and granular materials. In principle the EOS for a porous/granular material is identical to the EOS for the equivalent non-porous material; however, the requirement that the EOS must provide a realistic model of the material in its porous/granular state presents additional challenges. Broadly these challenges are first that the regions of thermodynamic phase space of interest are poorly described by standard wide-ranging EOS models and second, accurate measurement of materials properties that are routinely used to constrain an EOS can be more difficult to obtain. This chapter describes in detail the challenges and methods for EOS generation of porous materials.
Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy on Permanent Implants or Tissue Expanders: Which is Better?

OBJECTIVES This study evaluates complications and reconstructive failure rates in implant-based reconstruction with radiotherapy. BACKGROUND Postmastectomy radiotherapy may adversely affect breast reconstructive outcomes. However, the comparative effect of radiotherapy on direct-to-implant versus tissue expander-implant reconstruction has not been examined. METHODS Single institution retrospective review was performed and patients were followed 2 to 10 years. RESULTS Of 1566 patients, 265 patients received radiation (149 immediate implants and 116 tissue expanders). Demographics were similar except more smokers in the expander group (7.7% vs 1.3%; P = 0.012). Patients who received radiation with an expander in place had overall more complications (32.8% vs 11.4%; P < 0.001), skin necrosis (10.3% vs 4.0%; P = 0.043), wound breakdown (9.5% vs 2.7%; P = 0.029), and infections (16.4% vs 4.03%; P = 0.001) leading to a higher rate of explantation (16.4% vs 4.0%; P < 0.001). A radiation boost likewise predicted complications [odds ratio (OR) 2.199, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.154-4.188, P = 0.017]. When comparing reconstructive outcomes, radiated expanders had a higher failure rate (21.6% vs 11.4%; P = 0.025). Revision for capsular contracture was similar between the 2 cohorts (11.4% vs 11.2%; P = 0.959) as were revision rates for contour asymmetry and breast asymmetry. In our multivariable logistic regression analysis, radiation to the expander had a higher risk of reconstruction failure than radiation to the permanent implant (OR 2.020, 95% CI 1.010-4.037, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION Most patients had successful implant-based reconstructions after mastectomy and radiotherapy. Our study showed radiotherapy after direct-to-implant breast reconstruction had a lower rate of complications and reconstructive failure compared to tissue expander-implant reconstruction.
Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Self-Emulsifying Formulations Containing Long-Chain Lipids Using Caco-2 Cell Model: Superior Safety Profile Compared to Medium-Chain Lipids

Abstract Medium-chain (MC) and long-chain (LC) lipids are used for development of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). MC lipids are often preferred because of their ability to form stable microemulsions with relatively high drug solubilization capacity. On the other hand, LC lipids could be more biocompatible as most endogenous and dietary lipids are LC glycerides. They also maintain high drug solubilization capacity after digestion. The present study was undertaken to determine the cytotoxicity of LC lipids and their formulations on Caco-2 cells of 1-day, 5-day, and 21-day maturity. The results were compared with the cytotoxicity profiles of MC lipids reported previously from our laboratory. The cell viability and cell membrane integrity were, respectively, determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the lactate dehydrogenase assay. The cytotoxicity was partially due to lipid surfactant-induced membrane rupture, and it was influenced by cell maturity and formulation composition. The lipid-surfactant combinations showed greater tolerance than surfactants alone, and LC-SEDDS were well-tolerated at almost 10-fold higher concentration than corresponding MC-SEDDS. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of digestion end products of both LC and MC triglycerides in the presence of 3 mM sodium taurocholate was compared on 21-day Caco-2 cultures by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The LC lipid formulations showed better tolerance than MC lipid formulations after digestion. Thus, although MC and LC lipids are well-tolerated at doses normally administered to humans, LC lipids show much better safety than MC lipids in a cell-culture model.
Genesis of the periodic lattice distortions in the charge density wave state of 2 H − TaS e 2

Using high-energy x-ray diffraction and large-scale three-dimensonal structure modeling, we reveal the evolution of local lattice distortions in the archetypal charge density wave (CDW) system $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{TaS}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ as it is cooled from its normal state above room temperature down to temperature where Ta atoms form a long-range ordered superstructure. In particular, we find that the structure is formed via a gradual in-plane clustering of Ta atoms exhibiting unusually short bonding distances already near room temperature, and not via a cooperative distortion of Ta atomic planes taking place at the critical ordering temperature. Our findings clarify the debated local symmetry and magnitude of the periodic lattice distortions in the CDW state of $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{TaS}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$, and emphasize the role of locally correlated lattice distortions as a precursor of CDWs in low-dimensional solids. Also, we demonstrate an efficient experimental approach to study them.
Statistical Methods in Genome-Wide Association Studies

Since the initial success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 2005, tens of thousands of genetic variants have been identified for hundreds of human diseases and traits. In a GWAS, genotyp...
Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality during intra-hospital transport.

Abstract Aim To evaluate pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality during intra-hospital transport to facilitate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-CPR (ECPR). We compared chest compression (CC) rate, depth, and fraction (CCF) between the pre-transport and intra-transport periods. Methods Observational study of children Results Seven patients (four IHCA; three witnessed OHCA) met eligibility criteria. Six (86%) patients survived the event and two (28%) survived to hospital discharge. Median transport CPR duration was 7 [IQR 5.5, 8.5] minutes. There were no differences in pre- vs. intra-transport CC rate (115 [113, 118] vs. 118 [114, 127] CCs/minute; p = 0.18), depth (3.2 [2.7, 4.4] vs. 3.6 [2.5, 4.6] cm; p = 0.50), or CCF (0.89 [0.82, 0.90] vs. 0.92 [0.79, 0.97]; p = 0.31). Equivalent proportions of 60-s CPR epochs met guideline recommendations between pre- and intra-transport (rate: 66% vs. 57% [p = 0.22]; depth: 14% vs. 19% [p = 0.39]; CCF: 80% vs. 75% [p = 0.43]). Conclusions Pediatric CPR quality was maintained during intra-hospital patient transport, suggesting that it is reasonable for ECPR systems to incorporate patient transport to facilitate ECMO cannulation.
Complex Fetal Care Case: Amniotic Fluid Replacement in Severe Bladder Outlet Obstruction.

* Abbreviations: CPAP: : continuous positive airway pressure MRI: : magnetic resonance imaging TLV: : total lung volume A 32-year-old gravida 4, para 2-1-0-3 woman was referred to the Cincinnati Fetal Center at 20 5/7 weeks’ gestation for a diagnosis of fetal bladder outlet obstruction and anhydramnios. Her obstetric history was significant for 3 cesarean deliveries. Her medical history was noncontributory, and her only medication was prenatal vitamins. Family history included a paternal male cousin with a “partially blocked urethra” as a teenager, and a paternal female cousin with an unknown kidney issue requiring hospitalization; however, the family was unable to provide further information. Prenatal laboratory testing was unremarkable except for rubella-nonimmune status. Fetal imaging at the referring obstetrician’s office at 19 1/7 weeks’ gestation showed anhydramnios, suspected bladder outlet obstruction, absent left kidney, echogenic right kidney, and a pericardial effusion. An amniocentesis had not been performed, and noninvasive prenatal genetic screening result was consistent with a male fetus with low risk for trisomy 13, 18, and 21, monosomy X, and triploidy. A multidisciplinary team reviewed her records and imaging at 21 6/7 weeks’ gestation, and proceeded with the following evaluations:
Eating Episode Detection with Jawbone-Mounted Inertial Sensing

Recent work in Automated Dietary Monitoring (ADM) has shown promising results in eating detection by tracking jawbone movements with a proximity sensor mounted on a necklace. A significant challenge with this approach, however, is that motion artifacts introduced by natural body movements cause the necklace to move freely and the sensor to become misaligned. In this paper, we propose a different but related approach: we developed a small wireless inertial sensing platform and perform eating detection by mounting the sensor directly on the underside of the jawbone. We implemented a data analysis pipeline to recognize eating episodes from the inertial sensor data, and evaluated our approach in two different conditions: in the laboratory and in naturalistic settings. We demonstrated that in the lab (n=9), the system can detect eating with 91.7% precision and 91.3% recall using the leave-one-participant-out cross-validation (LOPO-CV) performance metric. In naturalistic settings, we obtained an average precision of 92.3% and a recall of 89.0% (n=14). These results represent a significant improvement (>10% in F1 score) over state-of-the-art necklace-based approaches. Additionally, this work presents a wearable device that is more inconspicuous and thus more likely to be adopted in clinical applications.
Laser-assisted selective and localized surface transformation of titanium to anatase, rutile, and mixed phase nanostructures

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been a key material in a wide range of applications such as catalysis, energy harvesting, and antibacterial surfaces. Typically, different TiO2 phases are first synthesized and then coated onto the test parts. Here, the authors demonstrate a direct method for the formation of TiO2 nanostructures and patterns with rutile, anatase, and mixed phases by a controlled laser-assisted surface modification approach on additive manufacturing titanium parts. A tunable nanosecond fiber laser coupled to a galvo scanner was employed to regulate the laser material for a controlled and localized transformation process in an oxygen environment. The influence of processing conditions such as scanning speed, laser power, laser pulse duration, frequency, and gas flow rate on the selective formation of rutile, anatase, and mixed phases was studied. The structural evolutions and morphology have been investigated using different characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy methods. The main advantage of this laser-assisted process is its ability to create selective TiO2 phases on complex titanium parts such as implants.
Does the Economic Decline of the West and the Rise of China Encourage NGO Crackdown

Laws restricting foreign funding to domestically operating nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have proliferated in developing countries. This is puzzling because Western powers support the norm t...
Critical performative pedagogical encounters, or “Let’s try that again. But first, let’s breathe”

Informed by Pineau’s (2002) critical performative pedagogy and Reverend James Lawson’s (1985) Civil Rights era nonviolent workshops, we introduce to the Communication Education readership a pedagog...
Vestibular neuritis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection diagnosed by serology: Case report

Vestibular neuritis is a disorder selectively affecting the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve generally considered to be inflammatory in nature. There have been no reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing vestibular neuritis. We present the case of a 42-year-old Caucasian male physician, providing care to COVID-19 patients, with no significant past medical history, who developed acute vestibular neuritis, 2 weeks following a mild respiratory illness, later diagnosed as COVID-19. Physicians should keep severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 high on the list as a possible etiology when suspecting vestibular neuritis, given the extent and implications of the current pandemic and the high contagiousness potential.
Spicing: A means of improving organoleptic quality and shelf life of smoked catfish

Abstract The organoleptic quality and shelf life of smoked catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was studied over a period of eight (8) weeks after application of spices. Forty (40) chunks of fresh C. gariepinus were dipped in 10% brine solution and distributed into 4 treatments of 10 chunks each, A (100 g ginger), B (100 g garlic), C (50 g garlic/50 g ginger) and D (0 g). Refrigerated for 3 h to complete seasoning process, and then smoked using charcoal and wood for 5 h on day one and 3 h on the second day. Assessed for organoleptic value and microbial analysis after 8 weeks. Results revealed significant difference (P
Intersectional Social Work Practice: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of Peer-Reviewed Recommendations:

In the past decade, the use of intersectionality in social work scholarship has grown tremendously. Various applications of intersectionality theorizing have led to new approaches in social work re...
Home Buyer Search Duration and the Internet

In this study we examine the impact of internet use on the duration of search in the housing market. We develop a model of partial equilibrium in the housing market which suggests an ambiguous effect on the search duration when internet resources are employed. In this model, the impact of using the internet can be viewed as increasing the search efficiency, or as altering the distribution of potential matches from which the home buyer can choose. We use data from the 2000 Home Buyer and Seller Survey collected by the National Association of Realtors. While theory suggests there might be an increase or a decrease in search times when using on-line resources in the search, in this data using an Instrumental Quantile Regression approach we find a tendency for internet use to increase the duration of home search relative to employing more conventional search methods.
Collagen stability, testosterone secretion and meat tenderness in growing bulls and steers.

Interrelationships among concentration and maturation of intramuscular collagen, serum concentration of hydroxyproline and testosterone and meat tenderness were determined in growing bulls and steers. Sixty-four Charolais X Angus bulls were assigned to sex treatment groups (intact or castrate) and slaughter groups (9, 12, 15 or 18 mo of age). Animals were bled at 30-min intervals via intrajugular catheters between 0600 and 1400 beginning 48 h before slaughter. Serum concentrations of testosterone were determined in each sample from bulls and from four samples from steers; serum hydroxyproline was determined in the last sample from both sexes. Testosterone mean values for the collection period were calculated. Samples of the longissimus, semitendinosus and infraspinatus muscles secured within 45 min postmortem were analyzed for intramuscular collagen concentration, percent soluble collagen and collagen thermal shrinkage temperature. Tenderness of loin steaks was determined by Warner-Bratzler shear test. Serum concentrations of hydroxyproline and testosterone were higher (P<.O1) in bulls than steers. Age effects were noted for both hydroxyproline (P<.01) and testosterone (P<.06). Total intramuscular collagen was greater (P<.01) in bulls than steers and was different (P<.01) among muscles, but the muscle differences were not uniform over all ages (P<.05). Percent soluble collagen declined (P<.01) with age and was different (P<.01) among muscles. Interaction of age and muscle (P<.01) and age and sex (P<.05) also were noted for percent soluble collagen. Collagen shrinkage temperature increased (P<.01) with age. Steak tenderness was similar between sexes and over all ages but was more variable in bulls than steers. These data indicate that bulls have greater quantities of intramuscular collagen that matures more rapidly than that of steers.
Policing after ethnic conflict: Culture, democratic policing, politics and the public

Images of “blue‐helmets” and multilateral peacekeeping missions are pervasive in today’s world. The goal of intervening parties is often to re‐establish order; one way to accomplish this is to rebuild political institutions. Rehabilitating policing agencies within failed states is an essential component to establishing a peaceful and productive society. Discusses four issues that are important to policing after ethnic conflict: police culture, democratic participation, the political environment the police operate within, and the perceptions of the population about law enforcement. Applies current perspectives on policing in stable states to some of the challenges facing creating law enforcement structures in unstable and often ethnically charged states. Argues that until we understand the impact each of these components play, intervening parties will continue to lead failed governments and their policing agencies into the cycle of violence.
Signaling through the CLAVATA1 receptor complex

Meristem regulation is a process that is critical to the development of plants. Because a plant continues to form organs throughout its life, the proper balance between cell differentiation and cell division in the meristem is crucial for continued organogenesis and normal plant development. Several genes and their corresponding proteins have been implicated in this process including the CLAVATA (CLV) loci. Mutations in CLV1, CLV2, or CLV3 result in an accumulation of stem cells in the shoot and floral meristems (Clark et al., 1993, 1995; Kayes and Clark, 1998). Genetic analysis has determined that these genes act in a common pathway and examination of the proteins encoded by these genes has revealed that they are likely components of a signal transduction pathway (Clark et al., 1995, 1997; Kayes and Clark, 1998; Fletcher et al., 1999; Jeong et al., 1999). The Arabidopsis receptor kinase, CLV1, serves as an excellent model with which to study signaling in plants. CLV1 has a clear developmental role, continual function throughout development, a variety of mutant alleles available, and a well-defined genetic pathway, all of which contribute useful tools to study CLV1 function. Information on CLV1 signaling will likely provide insight into the function of other plant receptors, and perhaps signaling in animals as well. CLV1
Characterization of the red light emission from Eu doped GaN

Visible light emitting diodes (LED’s) based on III-nitrides are of great current interest for applications in displays and solid-state lighting. The development of red LED’s based on InGaN, however, is rather difficult. An alternative approach for red light emission is the doping of Eu3+ into GaN. In this paper we present the optical properties of Eu doped GaN.