cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Practical Approach to Exploiting Coarse-Grained Pipeline Parallelism in C Programs

The emergence of multicore processors has heightened the need for effective parallel programming practices. In addition to writing new parallel programs, the next gener- ation of programmers will be faced with the overwhelming task of migrating decades' worth of legacy C code into a parallel representation. Addressing this problem requires a toolset of parallel programming primitives that can broadly apply to both new and existing programs. While tools such as threads and OpenMP allow programmers to express task and data parallelism, support for pipeline parallelism is distinctly lacking. In this paper, we offer a new and pragmatic approach to leveraging coarse-grained pipeline parallelism in C pro- grams. We target the domain of streaming applications, such as audio, video, and digital signal processing, which exhibit regular flows of data. To exploit pipeline paral- lelism, we equip the programmer with a simple set of an- notations (indicating pipeline boundaries) and a dynamic analysis that tracks all communication across those bound- aries. Our analysis outputs a stream graph of the applica- tion as well as a set of macros for parallelizing the program and communicating the data needed. We apply our method- ology to six case studies, including MPEG-2 decoding, MP3 decoding, GMTI radar processing, and three SPEC bench- marks. Our analysis extracts a useful block diagram for each application, and the parallelized versions offer a 2.78x mean speedup on a 4-core machine.
Lost in translation: understanding the possession of digital things in the cloud

People are amassing larger and more diverse collections of digital things. The emergence of Cloud computing has enabled people to move their personal files to online places, and create new digital things through online services. However, little is known about how this shift might shape people's orientations toward their digital things. To investigate, we conducted in depth interviews with 13 people comparing and contrasting how they think about their possessions, moving from physical ones, to locally kept digital materials, to the online world. Findings are interpreted to detail design and research opportunities in this emerging space.
Social Experiments in Stem Cell Biology

A historical case study is used to characterize the role of experiment in stem cell biology. I argue that this role is not fully captured by hypothesis-testing in the traditional sense. A pivotal episode of blood stem cell research illustrates another, complementary aspect of experiment, which remains influential in stem cell biology today. Careful examination of this case shows how details of experimental methods, social organization of experimenting communities, and structures of abstract models, combine to yield knowledge of blood stem cells. I conclude by discussing "social experiments" in light of recent accounts of model-theory relations.
A Scatter Model for Leafy Vegetation

A model for vegetation scatter is developed using the first-order renormalization method. The vegetated medium is taken to be an inhomogeneous medium characterized by a random permittivity function with a cylindrically symmetric fast-decaying correlation function. The permittivity of the vegetation (taken to be a combination of water and some solid material) is estimated by a mixing formula after de Loor [13], and the permittivity of the vegetated medium (taken to be a combination of vegetation and air) is estimated using a formula by Pierce [16]. The backscattering coefficient from such a model is computed as a function of the incidence angle, the frequency, and the moisture content of the vegetation. Comparisons are made with measured data from soybeans, alfalfa, and corn. The agreements obtained in both the absolute levels and the angular trends of the backscattering coefficient appear to justify both the permittivity and the scatter model for vegetation.
THE PENETRATION OF AMMONIA INTO FROG MUSCLE.

1. A study was made of the electrolyte changes which occur when frog muscles are immersed in a Ringer solution with 1/5 of the Na replaced by NH4Cl. Analyses were made in the solution and in the muscles for K and NH3, and the muscles were also analyzed for Cl, HCO3, and Na. Control muscles were immersed in normal Ringer's solution and similarly analyzed. 2. The amount of ammonia taken up was about equal to the K and Na lost. There was also a small increase in chloride content. The bicarbonate content was the same in both experimental and control muscles, indicating no change in the muscle pH due to the NH3 which penetrated. An increased loss of K due to the penetration of NH3 was also demonstrated by the use of radioactive K. 3. After 5 hours, the concentration of ammonia per gram of muscle is about the same as the concentration in the solution. After 4 or 5 days, the concentration in the muscle is about 1.5 times that in the solution. The inside to outside NH3 ratio is about equal to the corresponding H ion ratio, but is much less than the K ratio. 4. The rate of penetration of the NH3 is increased by a rise of temperature, by stirring the solution, and by decrease in the concentration of Na, K, Ca, or Mg in the solution; it is decreased by increasing the size of the muscles or by killing them with chloroform or boiling. 5. Liver, smooth muscle, skin, and kidney, in a few experiments, behaved much like muscle except that there was a formation of urea in the case of liver. 6. The injection of NH4Cl into anesthetized cats causes an increase in the level of K in the blood plasma.
Characteristics of stereomovement suppression

The suppression of visibility of stereomovement was investigated for sinusoidal depth movement of a test line with an antiphase reference line. Suppression occurred above a rate of oscillation of 1 Hz, whereas enhancement was observed below 1 Hz. Suppression was also found for vertical movement of horizontal stimulus lines. Suppression must therefore result from the processes of fusion rather than stereoscopic depth perception. Suppression was reduced with peripheral observation of the stimulus.
Impact of CO2-Induced Warming on Simulated Hurricane Intensity and Precipitation: Sensitivity to the Choice of Climate Model and Convective Parameterization

Abstract Previous studies have found that idealized hurricanes, simulated under warmer, high-CO2 conditions, are more intense and have higher precipitation rates than under present-day conditions. The present study explores the sensitivity of this result to the choice of climate model used to define the CO2-warmed environment and to the choice of convective parameterization used in the nested regional model that simulates the hurricanes. Approximately 1300 five-day idealized simulations are performed using a higher-resolution version of the GFDL hurricane prediction system (grid spacing as fine as 9 km, with 42 levels). All storms were embedded in a uniform 5 m s−1 easterly background flow. The large-scale thermodynamic boundary conditions for the experiments— atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles and SSTs—are derived from nine different Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP2+) climate models. The CO2-induced SST changes from the global climate models, based on 80-yr linear trends from +1% y...
Modernity and terrorism: from anti-modernity to modern global terror, by Milan Zafirovski and Daniel G. Rodeheaver

Europe was swept by a number of political revolutions between the latter parts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These revolutions, from the outset, provided fuel for reactionary forces ...
Approximate centerpoints with proofs

We present the IteratedTverberg algorithm, the first deterministic algorithm for computing an approximate centerpoint of a set [email protected]?R^d with running time sub-exponential in d. The algorithm is a derandomization of the IteratedRadon algorithm of Clarkson et al. (International Journal of Computational Geometry and Applications 6 (3) (1996) 357-377) and is guaranteed to terminate with an @W(1/d^2)-center. Moreover, it returns a polynomial-time checkable proof of the approximation guarantee, despite the coNP-completeness of testing centerpoints in general. We also explore the use of higher order Tverberg partitions to improve the running time of the deterministic algorithm and improve the approximation guarantee for the randomized algorithm. In particular, we show how to improve the @W(1/d^2)-center of the IteratedRadon algorithm to @W(1/d^r^r^-^1) for a cost of O((rd)^d) in time for any integer r>1.
Qatar and the Arab Spring

As any political scientist would say, the trouble with studying current events is that policies, leaders and even regimes can change rapidly (and unexpectedly), with a callous disregard for publica...
Threat Assessment and Collective-Action Emergence: Death-Camp and Ghetto Resistance During the Holocaust

Recent work in the field of social movements has argued for the importance of threat as a factor that explains the emergence of collective action. However, threat remains poorly specified and understood. This article seeks to refine the concept of threat and its role in mobilization with an examination of Jewish resistance during the Holocaust. Our study design compares two cases where resistance took place (the Warsaw Ghetto and the Sobibor death camp) with two cases where resistance did not occur (the Łodź Ghetto and the Belzec death camp). Our comparison of these cases finds that mass resistance occurred only when and where Jews correctly assessed the threats facing them. We use these findings to identify five dimensions of threat: severity, temporality, applicability, malleability, and credibility. We argue that recognizing these dimensions and the ways they interact is especially useful for understanding action in repressive contexts.
Down syndrome: perinatal mortality risks with each additional week of expectant management

Objective To evaluate the gestational age (GA) at which perinatal mortality risk is minimized for fetuses with Down syndrome (DS). Methods Retrospective cohort of singleton pregnancies delivered between 24 and 41 weeks, using 2005-2006 United States linked birth and death certificate data. Among fetal DS cases, prospective risk of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and risk of infant death were calculated for each week, and composite risk of fetal/infant mortality with expectant management was compared to delivery. Results Of 3,113,098 pregnancies, 1766 had fetal DS (0.06%). IUFD occurred in 7.4% with DS, and infant death in 6.5%. Prospective risk of IUFD increased from 37 weeks onward to reach 50.7 per 1000 pregnancies (95% CI 33.2-68.3) at 42 weeks. Comparing mortality with expectant management to delivery, expectant management carried increasing risk from 38 (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05-1.33) to 41 weeks (RR 1.84; 95% CI 1.66-2.05). Further, number needed to deliver to avoid one excess death decreased from 38 (109.17; 95% CI 64.52-344.83) to 41 weeks (24.08; 95% CI 20.59-29.04). Conclusions Although further research is needed to clarify risk factors for fetal and neonatal death in cases of DS, risk of perinatal mortality appears to be minimized with delivery at 38 weeks.
The effects of drought-affected grain and carbohydrase inclusion in starter diets on broiler chick performance

Two 18-d studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress and carbohydrase enzyme inclusion on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility in either yellow dent corn or sorghum. Both experiments employed a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 growing environments (normal or stressed), and carbohydrase enzyme cocktail (yes or no). In each experiment, 256 chicks were randomly assigned with 8 birds/pen and 8 replicates/treatment. Enzyme inclusion did not affect any variable in either experiment, and environment did not alter 18-d BW, mortality, or the digestibility of DM or CP. In Experiment 1, birds consuming normal corn had improved FCR compared to those fed drought-affected corn (1.27 vs. 1.33, respectively), which was potentially driven by the difference in apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of EE. Alternatively, FCR was not affected by environment in birds fed sorghumbased diets in Experiment 2, but those that consumed normal sorghum had lower feed intake than those fed drought-affected corn (750 vs. 796 g, respectively). In summary, commercial carbohydrase inclusion did not improve growth performance or nutrient digestibility in birds fed normal or drought-affected corn or sorghum. Birds fed drought-affected corn and sorghum affected growth performance variables, but environment did not affect final weight or mortality of broiler chicks.
Adverse Effects of Cannabis on Adolescent Brain Development: A Longitudinal Study

Cannabis is widely perceived as a safe recreational drug and its use is increasing in youth. It is important to understand the implications of cannabis use during childhood and adolescence on brain development. This is the first longitudinal study that compared resting functional connectivity of frontally mediated networks between 43 healthy controls (HCs; 20 females; age M = 16.5 ± 2.7) and 22 treatment-seeking adolescents with cannabis use disorder (CUD; 8 females; age M = 17.6 ± 2.4). Increases in resting functional connectivity between caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and superior frontal gyrus across time were found in HC, but not in CUD. CUD showed a decrease in functional connectivity between caudal ACC and dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortices across time. Lower functional connectivity between caudal ACC cortex and orbitofrontal cortex at baseline predicted higher amounts of cannabis use during the following 18 months. Finally, high amounts of cannabis use during the 18-month interval predicted lower intelligence quotient and slower cognitive function measured at follow-up. These data provide compelling longitudinal evidence suggesting that repeated exposure to cannabis during adolescence may have detrimental effects on brain resting functional connectivity, intelligence, and cognitive function.
Church and State and the Burger Court: Recent Developments Affecting Parochial Schools

One of the least productive intellectual patterns of response to an appreciation of the differences in the dispute over church state relations in the United States is for one to operate from the premise that if only the other side would truly understand one's position, the difference in policy alternatives would simply dis appear, and all would be well. Differences of religious ideology produce very different "civic" attitudes concerning the proper relationship between religious institutions and public authority. Roman Catholics do, in fact, operate from different premises concerning church-state relations than do Baptists, Jews, or non believers, for example. Nowhere are these differences better demonstrated than in traditional attitudes towards governmental aid for the support of parochial schools.1
GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS IN MICE WITH MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

SummaryIntercapillary glomerulosclerosis was found in mice of the RF strain bearing passaged myeloid leukemia whether these mice developed the leukemia from inoculation with leukemic cells or subcellular materials. The glomerular lesions occurred as early as 2 weeks after inoculation in mice with rapidly developing leukemia. The glo-merulosclerosis was indistinguishable histo-logically from that induced by irradiation or that developing spontaneously in aging control animals.
Identification of populations at risk in drug testing and therapy: Application to elderly patients

Risks associated with drug therapy are more prevalent with advancing age. In drug evaluation it is imperative to identify risk groups. Six strategies are discussed to identify risk groups: (a) from physico-chemical, preclinical drug data, and expected physiologic changes; (b) from animal and human phase I PK data and expected physiologic changes; (c) from epidemiologic data and expected physiological changes; (d) from animal/human toxicokinetic data and expected physiologic changes; (e) from retrospective patient monitoring; (f) from population kinetics using NONMEM; and (g) from pharmacokinetic screen approach.
Epidemiology of Pediatric and Adolescent Injury in Adventure and Extreme Sports

During the last two decades there has been a marked increase in both the popularity and participation in adventure and extreme sports (AES). This rapid increase in participation is driven primarily by the youth culture. This chapter provides an epidemiologic perspective of injury in pediatric and adolescent AES. Few studies provided specific information on the incidence and distribution of AES injury among children and adolescents. Most of the available limited data on AES injuries in this population are available in aggregate form, or combined across age groups and gender. Given the life-changing impact injury can have in adventure and extreme sports, the current paucity of well-designed epidemiological studies specifically targeting children and adolescents in AES is a concern, but perhaps understandable given the nature of these sports and the fact that so many of them are new and recently evolved. Most AES lack quality descriptive data, which provides the essential building block for analytical epidemiological studies. Few studies address injury risk factors and even fewer evaluate preventive measures. The importance of denominator-based longitudinal data collection in obtaining an accurate picture of injury risk and severity and as a basis for testing risk factors and evaluating preventive measures cannot be overemphasized.
Comparison of pretreatment methods in determination of organophosphorus residues in tea

[Objective]To compare the extraction difference between two pretreatment methods in determination of organophosphorus residues in tea.[Methods]The tea samples were pretreated by two methods,which included QuEChERS and solid phase extraction.After pretreatment,the levels of organophosphorus residues in samples were detected by capillary gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detector,and the recovery rate of different pretreatment methods were compared.[Results]By SPSS 13.0 analysis,the difference in average recovery rate between two methods were listed as followed: Dichlorvos χ2 = 10.89,P 0.01;Rogor χ2 = 9.36,P 0.05;Methyl parathion χ2 = 8.83,P 0.05;Malathion χ2 = 9.23,P 0.05;Parathion χ2 = 6.75,P 0.05.[Conclusion]There is significant difference in standard addition recovery rate between two methods,and the extraction difference is significant.QuEChERS is simple and fast,but the recovery rate is lower than the national standard,so it is not suitable for the detection of complex samples of tea.
Determination of seven rodenticides in whole blood by high performance liquid chromatography

Objective:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of warfarin,coumatetralyl,diphacinone,chlorophacinone,bromadiolone,flocoumafen,brodifacoum in whole blood.Methods:The seven rodenticides in whole blood were extracted by ethylacetate,separateded on ODS-3 column(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d,5 μm)by using the mobile phase consisting of methol-0.3% ammonium acetate aqueous solution(82:18,v/v),detected at 310 nm.Results:The time of separation was 15 minutes.The calibration curve was linear in the concentration(r=0.999) and the recoveries in two levels was 91.2%~108.5% and 79.2%~93.2%(coumatetralyl:65.8% and 53.9%),detection limit was(0.1~0.2)μg/ml,RSD was less than 3.0%.Conclution:The method is fast,simple and accurate.It can be used in diagnosis of the clinical poisoned patients.
Working the Stroll: Prostitutes, Pimps, and Johns

ABSTRACTProstitution is one of the most publicly recognized crimes, yet one which we have limited information. Particularly, we have little knowledge of male prostitution and not much information on the locations of sexual transactions. This study fills a void in the research as we apply journey to crime theory to the question of “where” as it applies to male prostitution. Data gathered from Chicago calculate the distance traveled and arrest location for the purchase and trade of sexual services. Findings demonstrate johns travel the greatest distance from their home addresses to the arrest location, followed by pimps, then prostitutes.
Building Local Democracy: The Role of Western Assistance in Poland

This article argues that foreign assistance, as an external force, has played an important role in shaping the local democracy-building process in Poland. The local context, which is omitted from the transition debate, is considered, and the influence that U.S. public donors exercised at the local scale is highlighted. The article claims that the delayed commitment on the part of these donors to local democracy and to the building of self-governing capacities and participatory practices has undermined the stability and effectiveness of the reforms in Poland. It is shown how this process took place through three different constructs: initial lack of direct assistance; the form under which this assistance was provided; and the donors' selectivity of recipients, both in terms of social groups and of geographic areas. It concludes by outlining areas where changes of assistance delivery should be made both by the donors and recipient communities.
Neoliberalism, the State and Economic Policy Outcomes in the Post-Arab Uprisings: The Case of Egypt

AbstractDespite the radical upheavals during the revolution of 2011 whereby the Egyptian public rejected neoliberalism and authoritarianism, Egypt has reverted back to the neoliberal model of economic development. This paper discusses the reasons behind the resilience of neoliberalism focusing on the role of dominant economic ideas, the influence of international financial institutions in policy making and the challenging domestic political environment, which has so far precluded a break from the neoliberal model. The paper ends with a critical assessment of current policies and their broader social implications for different classes and groups in Egypt.
Progress, status, and prospects of superconducting qubits for quantum computing

Quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize information technology as we know it by solving certain relevant and interesting problems, using fundamentally fewer resources (number of computational steps) compared with even the fastest supercomputers. While critical aspects of quantum computing are being demonstrated in laboratories across the world, a fully functional and practical quantum computer is still many years away. It therefore becomes of great interest to discover applications of small-scale quantum computers which are the subject of current theoretical and experimental research. In order to facilitate access to small quantum computers, IBM recently announced the IBM Quantum Experience which provides access to a 5-qubit quantum processor as a stepping stone for the community as a whole to continue learning and discovering the full potential of quantum computing.
Border Pedagogy and Orientación y Tutoría : A Case Study of USA–Mexico Collaborative Action Research

This case study illustrates a project conducted in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, which is bordered with San Diego, California, the USA. A team of three bilingual graduate students in school counseling and their faculty advisor worked collaboratively with a teacher at a public secondary school in Tijuana and an official of the Baja State Department of Education. This collaborative project regarded strengthening guidance practice in delivery of a newly adopted guidance curriculum for schools throughout Mexico, the Orientacion y Tutoria (Orientation and Tutorship [OT]) curriculum, utilizing a guidance approach designed by the US school counseling team. The project was part of a Bi-National Action Research Collaborative established in 2006. The chapter illuminates reflection on the experience of border pedagogy and collaborative action research in the borderlands.
Proximal row carpectomy

This chapter describes in detail the surgical steps involved in dorsal approach for a proximal row carpectomy. Details of dorsal sparing capsulotomy, posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) and anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) neurectomies, and removal of scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum are discussed. Indications, preoperative markings, surgical steps, postoperative care, operative dictation, and suggested readings are included.
Chronic Wound Healing: A Review of Current Management and Treatments

Wound healing is a complex, highly regulated process that is critical in maintaining the barrier function of skin. With numerous disease processes, the cascade of events involved in wound healing can be affected, resulting in chronic, non-healing wounds that subject the patient to significant discomfort and distress while draining the medical system of an enormous amount of resources. The healing of a superficial wound requires many factors to work in concert, and wound dressings and treatments have evolved considerably to address possible barriers to wound healing, ranging from infection to hypoxia. Even optimally, wound tissue never reaches its pre-injured strength and multiple aberrant healing states can result in chronic non-healing wounds. This article will review wound healing physiology and discuss current approaches for treating a wound.
National versus Local Production: Finding the Balance between Fiscal Federalism and Economies of Scale

Public finance and public choice economists have contrasting views on the determinants of public sector size. This article makes a unique contribution to this literature by exploring an integer cou...
Mathematical Optimization and the Role of Modeling Languages

We give an introduction into mathematical optimization including a brief overview on classes of optimization problems. The main entities in optimization — variables, constraints, and the objective function — are explained. The chapter continues with a description of the various classes of problems typically appearing in applications, and concludes with a brief overview on the history of modeling languages.
Cognitive Theory and Moral Behavior: The Contribution of F. A. Hayek to Business Ethics

This paper shows how business ethics as a concept may be approached from a cognitive viewpoint. Following F. A. Hayek's cognitive theory, I argue that moral behavior evolves and changes because of individual perception and action. Individual moral behavior becomes a moral rule when prominently displayed by members of a certain society in a specific situation. A set of moral rules eventually forms the ethical code of a society, of which business ethics codes are only a part. By focusing on the concept of "limited" or "dispersed knowledge" that underlies the cognitive approach, I show that universal ethical norms that should lead to defined outcomes cannot exist. This approach moreover shows the limits of deliberate rule-setting. Attempts to deliberately impose universal ethical rules on societies may turn out to be harmful for societal development and lead to an abuse of governmental power.
Trauma management therapy with virtual-reality augmented exposure therapy for combat-related PTSD: A randomized controlled trial

Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) realistically incorporates traumatic cues into exposure therapy and holds promise in the treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a randomized controlled trial of 92 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans and active duty military personnel with combat-related PTSD, we compared the efficacy of Trauma Management Therapy (TMT; VRET plus a group treatment for anger, depression, and social isolation) to VRET plus a psychoeducation control condition. Efficacy was evaluated at mid- and post-treatment, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Consistent with our hypothesis, VRET resulted in significant decreases on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale and the PTSD Checklist-Military version for both groups. Also consistent with our hypothesis, significant decreases in social isolation occurred only for those participants who received the TMT group component. There were significant decreases for depression and anger for both groups, although these occurred after VRET and before group treatment. All treatment gains were maintained six-months later. Although not part of the original hypotheses, sleep was not improved by either intervention and remained problematic. The results support the use of VRET as an efficacious treatment for combat-related PTSD, but suggest that VRET alone does not result in optimal treatment outcomes across domains associated with PTSD.
Deuterated (d6)-dextromethorphan elicits antidepressant-like effects in mice

The over-the-counter antitussive dextromethorphan (DM) may have rapid antidepressant actions based on its overlapping pharmacology with ketamine, which has shown fast antidepressant effects but whose widespread use remains limited by problematic side effects. We have previously shown that DM produces antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) that are mediated in part through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic (AMPA) and sigma-1 receptors, two protein targets associated with a faster onset of antidepressant efficacy. To utilize DM clinically, however, a major challenge that must be addressed is its rapid first-pass metabolism. Two strategies to inhibit metabolism of DM and maintain stable therapeutic blood levels are 1) chemically modifying DM and 2) adding quinidine, an inhibitor of the primary metabolizer of DM, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 enzyme. The purpose of this study was to determine if modified DM (deuterated (d6)-DM) elicits antidepressant-like effects and if AMPA and sigma-1 receptors are involved. Furthermore, d6-DM was tested in conjunction with quinidine to determine if further slowing the metabolism of d6-DM affects its antidepressant-like actions. In the FST and TST, d6-DM produced antidepressant-like effects. Upon further investigation in the FST, the most validated animal model for predicting antidepressant efficacy, d6-DM produced antidepressant-like effects both in the absence and presence of quinidine. However, pretreatment with neither an AMPA receptor antagonist (NBQX) nor sigma-1 receptor antagonists (BD1063, BD1047) significantly attenuated the antidepressant-like effects. The data suggest d6-DM has antidepressant-like effects, though it may be recruiting different molecular targets and/or acting through a different mix or ratio of metabolites from regular DM.
Dermatitis herpetiformis: Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune disease that is linked to gluten sensitivity and has a clear relationship to celiac disease. Both conditions are mediated by the IgA class of autoantibodies and the diagnosis of DH is dependent on detection of granular deposits of IgA in the skin. There is an underlying genetic predisposition to the development of DH but environmental factors are also important. Typically, young adults present with excoriations only, as the severe pruritus effectively destroys any primary lesions. Based upon our experience with DH and a comprehensive literature review, we provide an update of DH epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation.
Numerical Study of Minority Carrier Induced Diffusion Capacitance in VCSELs Using Minilase

Our numerical simulations of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with Minilase demonstrate that a diffusion capacitance is induced by the minority carriers accumulated in the separate confinement regions. This diffusion capacitance is shown to be responsible for the over-damping of the modulation response and the reduction of the modulation bandwidth. It is also demonstrated that this diffusion capacitance is significantly suppressed by grading the separate confinement hetero-junctions (SCHs) or reducing the thickness of the SCHs.
Implications of negative interest rate policies: An early assessment

Over the past few years, several central banks have implemented negative interest rate policies (NIRP) to provide additional monetary policy stimulus. This paper presents an early assessment of the domestic and global implications of NIRP by analysing the behaviour of a set of key financial variables. We report three main results. First, since the introduction of NIRP, many of the key financial variables have evolved broadly, as implied by the standard transmission channels. For the euro area, the responses of these financial variables following NIRP announcements are directionally consistent with those of conventional interest rate cuts. Second, NIRP could pose risks to financial stability but there is no conclusive evidence as yet of a significant impact on bank profitability or of a broadâ€ based increase in leverage. Third, the responses of assets of emerging market and developing economies to NIRP announcements are on average broadly consistent with those to other types of expansionary monetary policy measures.
Asthma exacerbation prediction: recent insights

Purpose of reviewAsthma attacks are frequent in children with asthma and can lead to significant adverse outcomes including time off school, hospital admission and death. Identifying children at risk of an asthma attack affords the opportunity to prevent attacks and improve outcomes.Recent findingsC
Impact and importance of hyperdiffusion on the spectral element method: A linear dispersion analysis

Abstract The spectral element method (SEM) is a mimetic finite element method with several properties that make it a desirable choice for numerical modeling. Although the linear dispersion properties of this method have been analyzed extensively for the case of the 1D inviscid advection equation, practical implementations of the SEM frequently employ hyperdiffusion for stabilization. As argued in this paper, hyperdiffusion has a pronounced impact on the accuracy of the discrete wave modes and the dispersive properties of the SEM. When applied with an appropriately large coefficient, hyperdiffusion is effective at removing the spectral gap and improving the stability of the 1D advection equation. This study also considers the SEM as applied to the 2D linearized shallow-water equations, where hyperdiffusion in the form of scalar diffusion, divergence damping, and vorticity damping are analyzed. To the extent possible, guidance on the choice of hyperdiffusion coefficients is provided. A brief discussion of the comparative impact of local element filtering is included.
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE symposium on Volume visualization and graphics

We are pleased to welcome you to the 2002 Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics in Boston, Massachusetts. The current event marks the seventh installment of the symposium since the 1989 Workshop at Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The VolVis Symposium has been held biannually in conjunction with the IEEE Visualization Conference since 1990. The VolVis Symposium is sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Computer Graphics in cooperation with ACM SIGGRAPH and represents one of the leading meeting forums in the domains of volume rendering, volume modeling, and vol-ume visualization. The VolVis Symposium proceedings have emerged as a major publication of state-of-the-art volume visual-ization research. We are please that, for the first time in the history of the VolVis Symposium, this year's proceedings have been printed in full-color on high-quality paper.Keynote EventThis year's keynote speaker is Ken Perlin, Professor of Computer Science at New York University and Director of the New York University Media Research Laboratory and Center for Advanced Technology. An abstract of his presentation "Procedurally Generated Volumes" appears in these proceedings.PapersOur call for papers yielded 36 high quality paper submissions. These were reviewed by a field of expert reviewers, composed of the Program Committee and a number of external domain experts. We wish to thank all the reviewers for their critical paper evaluations and their many suggestions for improvements. Their dedicated assistance was instrumental in the hard task to select the 16 top papers you find in these proceedings. These papers span a wide gamut of volume visualization research, such as the rendering of unstructured and structured grids as well as time-varying volumes, texture-mapping hardware accelerated rendering, rendering with haptic feedback, and volume reconstruction and triangulation.DVD ProceedingsThe proceedings this year are accompanied by a DVD-ROM that contains electronic versions of the papers as well as submitted animations.
The Application of Luminescence Spectroscopy to Polymer Analysis

Luminescence spectroscopy is based on the energy dissipating behavior of electronic systems - atoms, ions and molecules. Luminescence, both fluorescence and phosphorescence, is the process by which energy absorbed as light by an electronic system is released by the consequent emission of light. The light emitted is uniquely characteristic of the emitting system.
Bringing Early Warning to the People — Public and Partnership Responsibilities for Early Warning

Throughout the 1990’s, the improved access and greater effectiveness of early warning have been fundamental issues leading to the accomplishment of the IDNDR objective: the reduction of loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption caused by natural disasters, through concerted international action, especially in developing countries.
SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF NOVEL 3-OXO-1,2-DIAZETIDINIUM YLIDES

Ketone α-chloroacylhydrazones cyclize with non-nucleophilic bases to give 1-(disubstituted methylene)-3-oxo-1,2-diazetidinium ylides. These ylides undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and with ketene, are reduced with hydride reagents to 1-substituted diazetidinones, and can be hydrolyzed under carefully controlled conditions to give stable salts of 1,2-diazetidinone itself. These latter salts are useful for the synthesis of pyrazoles, pyrazolines, 3-oxo-1,2-diazetidinium ylides not available by cyclization, and for the construction of mono- and bi-cyclic aza-β-lactam analogs of the β-lactam antibiotics.
Open Queueing Network Algorithms \(f{\bigl (G(V,E)\bigr )}\)

In this chapter, we discuss open queueing network models for topological network design. The topics chosen are closely related to the queue categories (repeated below) we defined in Chapter 3 We emphasize practical algorithms wherever possible along with their computer implementations for performance and optimization. Product-Form (Jackson) Networks We discuss their use and illustrate what can be accomplished through several examples including some simple optimization experiments. Non-Product-Form Networks We present a parametric decomposition approach for dealing with non-product-form networks. The algorithm is based on the queueing network approximation (QNA) algorithm of Whitt. The performance and optimization with QNA are demonstrated in several examples. Blocking Networks These have to be treated with special care in order to account for the interruption of flow processes and non-renewal effects. We discuss the Expansion Method for exponential blocking networks and the generalized expansion method for more general distributions. Some simple tandem, merge, and split topology network examples are discussed. Transportation and Loss Networks Transportation networks round out the material in this chapter. Several examples demonstrate the performance of these state-dependent networks.
Magnetic Skyrmions in Thin Films

The microstructure of magnetic materials such as magnetic domains and domain walls, linking to its basic physical properties, is generally considered as a result of the interplay between exchange interaction, anisotropy and magnetic dipolar interaction.
Different Lyrics, Same Song: Watts, Ferguson, and the Stagnating Effect of the Politics of Law and Order

This Article analyzes and exposes the discouraging parallels between the racial unrest endemic throughout America during the late 1960s and recent cultural turmoil, best exemplified by the prelude to and aftermath of Michael Brown’s 2014 shooting death in Ferguson, Missouri. The Article argues that these cross-generational commonalities are largely a product of the intense stultifying effect of the politics of law and order. The Watts riots of 1965 represented the most notable instance of urban racial rioting in the 1960s, and thanks to a little-known Presidential Task Force Report, principally authored by then-Deputy Attorney General Ramsey Clark, deeply ingrained societal causes of the “destructive rebellion” were uncovered. The overly hostile encounter between police officers and black citizens that many pointed to as the cause was merely the catalyst for a long-simmering explosion. Clark’s Report captured the voice of South Los Angeles’s unheard black population and called for massive and sustained effort to eliminate the crippling problems of unemployment, inferior education, and antagonistic police-community relations. That Report, however, never saw the light of day and subsequent iterations of similar prescriptions were halted by the popular appeal of the politics of law and order. Specifically, rather than tackle the potential underlying concerns head on, the preferred political approach to addressing so-called racial lawlessness was to demand more “law and order,” a formula capitalized upon at the national level by the likes of Barry Goldwater, Richard Nixon, and George Wallace during the 60s, and thereafter by even ostensibly liberal candidates, such as Bill Clinton. As the Article reveals, the 2014 Ferguson episode was eerily reminiscent of Watts, especially in terms of the combative relationship between the city’s police and the African-American community, and vividly demonstrated how little progress American society has made over the past fifty years in terms of race relations. The civil unrest spawned by it and the growing list of similar contemporary incidents once again evoked the familiar law-and-order response on the 2016 presidential campaign trail. This depressing, counterproductive cycle could be altered, the Article contends, by a re-examination of and commitment to the message and recommendations of Ramsey Clark’s forgotten Watts Task Force Report. As it stated, “Ultimately, the problems [that] exploded into violence in Los Angeles are problems of how human beings treat one another, not only through the institutions of their society, but individually. Hope for the future rests on the good will and hard work of all our people.” If this simple truth is not recognized and embraced, especially by America’s leaders, the lyrics may change, but the song will remain the same. Politicians must resist the expedient allure of the law-and-order melody so they can listen to the voices of the unheard. Only then will they be able to compose a more hopeful and constructive anthem.
Psychopathy by U.S. state: A translation of regional measures of the Big Five personality traits to regional measures of psychopathy.

Abstract Rentfrow et al. (2013) constructs a cross-section of the "Big Five" personality traits and demonstrates their relationship with outcomes variables for the continental United States and the District of Columbia. Hyatt et al. (Forthcoming) creates a means of describing psychopathy in terms of the Big Five personality traits. When these two findings are combined, a state-level estimate of psychopathy is produced. The estimate is conjectural, and if correct, it only describes the levels of psychopathy of states in relation of one state to one another, and is contingent on one particular conceptualization of psychopathy. Among the typical predictions made regarding psychopathy, the variable with the closest bivariate relationship with this new statistical aggregate is the percentage of the population in the state living in an urban area. There is no clear bivariate relationship of regional psychopathy with homicide, violent crime, or property crime rates.
Single-Lane Roundabout Manager under Fully Automated Vehicle Environment:

In the advent of new automation and communication technologies, the introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can make efficient use of the space on our road networks. Since roundabo...
Spring- and Fall-Tillage System Effects on Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Emergence from a Coastal Plain Soil

Fall emergence of Hessian fly, (HF) Mayetiola destructor (Say), was measured from wheat stubble subjected to combinations of spring burning and tillage, and fall tillage in the South Carolina Coast...
Acceptability of electronic healthcare predictive analytics for HIV prevention: a qualitative study with men who have sex with men in New York City

Background: Large data sets, also known as “big data”, shared in health information exchanges (HIEs), can be used in novel ways to advance health, including among communities at risk for HIV infection. We examined values and opinions about the acceptability of using electronic healthcare predictive analytics (eHPA) to promote HIV prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM). Our aims were twofold: (I) to evaluate the perspectives of MSM with diverse race/ethnicity and age on the acceptability of predictive analytics to determine individual HIV risk and (II) to determine acceptability of having targeted prevention messaging based upon those risk estimates sent directly to the consumer. Method: Two of the authors facilitated 12 focus groups (n=57) with adult MSM without HIV, living in NYC. Groups were divided by ethnicity (Black, Latino, and White) and age (under 35 and 35 and over). Participants were recruited through HIV prevention sites, community-based organizations, social media, and Internet sites that serve these communities. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze the data with Dedoose. Results: We identified six main themes related to acceptability: (I) reach, relevance, and potential uptake of using predictive analytics to establish HIV risk and deliver targeted prevention messaging; (II) patient-provider communication; (III) public health and individual rights; (IV) perceptions of intervention effectiveness; (V) electronic health data security; and (VI) stigma. Within each thematic domain, MSM discussed concerns, benefits, and provided recommendations for implementation. Conclusions: MSM in this study were supportive of the use of “big data” and technology to reach marginalized populations and improve public health, yet expressed concerns about the relevance, effectiveness, and security eHPA. Efforts to advance eHPA for HIV prevention should address these concerns, especially among the most-at-risk communities of color. Development of eHPA for HIV prevention should involve targeted messaging that addresses specific concerns regarding eHPA security, accuracy, and relevance.
Comparison across vehicles of passenger head kinematics in abrupt vehicle maneuvers

Objective: Studies of vehicle occupant motions in response to abrupt vehicle maneuvers have demonstrated movements that may result in changes in the level of protection for the occupant if a crash ...
Climate change brings the specter of new infectious diseases

Climate change will bring major changes to the epidemiology of infectious diseases through changes in microbial and vector geographic range Human defenses against microbial diseases rely on advanced immunity that includes innate and adaptive arms and endothermy, which creates a thermal restriction zone for many microbes Given that microbes can adapt to higher temperatures, there is concern that global warming will select for microbes with higher heat tolerance that can defeat our endothermy defenses and bring new infectious disease Here, Casadevall discusses the strong possibility that new, previously unknown infectious diseases will emerge from warmer climates as microbes adapt to higher global temperatures that can defeat our endothermy thermal barrier