cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using hierarchal change mining to manage network security policy evolution

Managing the security of complex cloud and networked computing environments requires crafting security policy--ranging from natural-language text to highly-structured configuration rules, sometimes multi-layered--specifying correct system behavior in an adversarial environment. Since environments change and evolve, managing security requires managing evolution of policies, which adds another layer, the change log. However, evolution increases complexity, and the more complex a policy, the harder it is to manage and update, and the more prone it is to be incorrect. This paper proposes hierarchical change mining, drawing upon the tools of software engineering and data mining, to help practitioners introduce fewer errors when they update policy. We discuss our approach and initial findings based on two longitudinal real-world datasets: low-level router configurations from Dartmouth College and high-level Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) certificate policies from the International Grid Trust Federation (IGTF).
Jaén, Isabel, and Julien Jacques Simon (eds.). 2016. Cognitive Approaches to Early Modern Spanish Literature.

Jaen, Isabel, and Julien Jacques Simon (eds.). 2016. Cognitive Approaches to Early Modern Spanish Literature. New York: Oxford University Press. x, 240 pages. Hardcover $74.00.
Gift as Devotion, Lesson as Tuition: Transactions Among Temple and Dance-Drama Drummers in Kerala

This article juxtaposes a notion of “gift” as construction of submission and devotion with a concept of lesson as something to be purchased for a fixed fee, as both relate to drumming pedagogy in Kerala. It discusses how guru dakṣiṇa (a ritual marking the beginning of study and a ceremonial first performance) and a pattern of irregular and grandiose remuneration construct the student’s submission to his teacher, both in private contexts and in institutions. However, the system at a state arts institution partly undercuts this practice; here, students, especially non-Malayāḷis, pay monthly, semesterly, or annual fees to the institution. The impersonal nature of this arrangement contrasts with the intimacy inherent in patterns of remuneration in private contexts, yet at the same time guru dakṣiṇa and other traditional practices continue in the institution. Thus the institution features an uneasy coexistence between a notion of pedagogy as regular payment—something close to “commodity”—and one of construction of submission, mixed with intimacy and devotion.
The Role of Systemic Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Kidney Cancer

The prognosis for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is poor. The median overall survival time of patients with advanced disease is approximately 10 months with a 3-year survival rate of about 10%1. RCC is typically described as chemotherapy (and radiation therapy) resistant. Most authors agree that biologic response modifiers (i e immunotherapy) represent standard first-line treatment for advanced RCC.
Rural-Urban Migration and Reproductive Behavior in Guatemala

Guatemala has the highest fertility of any country in Latin America, and it is also the least urbanized. Projected rural-urban migration will shift more of Guatemala's population from rural areas into towns and cities. This article uses retrospective life-history data collected in migrant origin and destination areas in Guatemala to compare the fertility of rural-urban migrant women to that of rural and urban nonmigrants. Results from discrete-time hazard regression models of union formation, first birth, and third and higher parity births indicate that delayed marriage while still in rural areas, and the rapid adoption of urban fertility practices after migration, result in intermediate migrant fertility that is closer to that of urban natives than rural nonmigrants. If current patterns are any guide to the future, the redistribution of population from high fertility rural areas to towns and cities in Guatemala will accelerate the decline in aggregate fertility beyond what would have resulted from declines in rural and urban fertility alone.
The depolarization block hypothesis of neuroleptic action: implications for the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic drugs are known to block dopamine receptors soon after their administration, resulting in an increase in dopamine neuron firing and dopamine turnover. Nonetheless, antipsychotic drugs must be administered repeatedly to schizophrenics before therapeutic benefits are produced. Recordings from dopamine neurons in rats have revealed that chronic antipsychotic drug treatment results in the time-dependent inactivation of dopamine neuron firing via over-excitation, or depolarization block. Furthermore, the clinical profile of the response to antipsychotic drugs appears to correspond to the dopamine system affected: antipsychotic drugs that exert therapeutic actions in schizophrenics inactivate dopamine neuron firing in the limbic-related ventral tegmental area, whereas drugs that precipitate extrapyramidal side effects cause depolarization block of the motor-related substantia nigra dopamine cells.
Structure of an unusual cage dimer diol

The title compound arises from an unexpected rearrangement and oxidation. The molecules contain a center of symmetry and are held together by hydrogen bonds. The relatively strain-free molecules are closely packed with a density of 1.441 g cm−3. The compound crystallizes in space group P-1 with cell dimensions a = 8.999(3), b = 9.142(2), c = 8.625(3) A, α = 95.47(3), β = 105.06(3), and γ = 83.08(2)° There are two independent molecules per cell with each sitting on a center of symmetry.
THE ORGANIZATION AND DIVERSITY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN κ AND λ GENES

Abstract: Our studies have focused on several hypotheses put forward to account for the diversity of immunoglobulin genes. These studies have shown that the constant regions of the mouse κ and λ chains are represented as relatively unique sequences in the genome of the mouse. Experiments which have attempted to focus on the genetic representation of the variable region of the κ chain are not as readily interpreted. They do, however, rule out thousands of closely related germ line sequences. As a result of ambiguities in the κ system, we have turned our attention to a simpler model, the mouse λ light chain. Since detailed analyses have shown that there are at least seven very closely related λ light chains, this class provides a very useful model for studies involving molecular hybridization. Utilizing mouse λ chain 3 H-cDNA, hybridization kinetic analyses indicate that these sequences are represented among the relatively unique genetic sequences in the mouse genome. This result tends to rule out a germ line model for antibody diversity. The reservations with respect to reaching such a conclusion are also discussed.
Methods of Lean Production to Improve Quality in Manufacturing

Purpose: Quality in manufacturing can be improved by using lean production methods. The paper discusses traditional and modern methods of lean production and their use in different enterprises. Methodology/Approach: Through a questionnaire survey and research, 90 industrial enterprises were classified by the size, production scope and their ownership. The research results were analyzed by means of statistical methods to determine the differences in the use of lean production methods. Findings: Regarding the lean production and its different methods, the size of the enterprise is an important factor. The statistics revealed that large enterprises tend to use lean production more. It was also proved that some methods of lean production are not completely common in the Czech Republic. Moreover, some methods are quite new to the majority of the enterprises. Research Limitation/implication: Some questionnaire surveys conducted in different countries (especially in the US) use a different enterprise size classification. As the research results show, there is still a large potential for the introduction of lean production methods in small and middle-sized enterprises that can help enterprises to improve the quality of their production. Originality/Value of paper: The application of lean production methods has been investigated so far, especially in large engineering enterprises. The paper deals with the use of these methods also in small and medium sized enterprises. The authors focused their research also on non-engeneering enterprises in the field of the food industry and production of products for domestic use too.
Accumulating Conversational Skills Using Continual Learning

While neural conversational models have led to promising advances in reducing hand-crafted features and errors induced by the traditional complex system architecture, training neural models from scratch requires an enormous amount of data. If pre-trained models can be reused when they have many things in common with a new task, we can significantly cut down the amount of required data. To achieve this goal, we adopt a neural continual learning algorithm to allow a conversational agent to accumulate skills across different tasks in a data-efficient way. We present preliminary results on conversational skill accumulation on multiple task-oriented domains.
Energy Decomposition Analyses Reveal the Origins of Catalyst and Nucleophile Effects on Regioselectivity in Nucleopalladation of Alkenes.

Nucleopalladation is one of the most common mechanisms for Pd-catalyzed hydro- and oxidative functionalization of alkenes. Due to the electronic bias of the π-alkene-palladium complexes, nucleopall...
Beyond nature: The roles of visual appeal and individual differences in perceived restorative potential

Abstract Natural environments are typically judged to be more restorative than built environments in terms of fostering recovery from stress or buffering against resource depletion. But this comparison tends to be categorical – nature versus built environments – and consequently, questions remain regarding the restorative potential of environments that do not fit into these categories. Furthermore, individual differences in evaluations of perceived restorative potential is not well understood. In Study 1, participants rated the perceived restorative potential of environments that ranged on a continuum from natural to built. Environmental attributes and individual differences were measured to predict perceived restorative potential. In Study 2, we measured the relationship between self-reported need-for-restoration and perceived restorative potential. The results support an account of perceived restorative potential that emphasizes the importance of visual appeal, naturalness, and an absence of people as important environment dimensions. These factors are influenced very little by assessed individual differences other than perceived need-for-restoration.
The impact of host race and gender on prices on Airbnb

Abstract This study investigates the impact of host race and gender on Airbnb property prices. I use an existing dataset of Airbnb listings and visually inspect 70,000 host profile pictures to code host demographics. I estimate that Asian hosts earn 4–5%, and Black male hosts 3%, less than White males for the same type of property. However, controlling for more observables weakens the effects, requiring a cautious interpretation of these point estimates. I use two proxies for the number of bookings a listing has to estimate whether a demand or supply shift is responsible for the price disparity. I find that despite the lower prices they charge for listings, minority hosts face lower demand. These findings are consistent with, but not conclusive of, the presence of discrimination.
Is Operative Debridement Greater Than 24 Hours Post-admission Associated With Increased Likelihood of Post-operative Infection?

Abstract Background The historical “six-hour rule” as a golden hour for timing to debridement has been refuted in modern literature. Current standards prompt a timely debridement; however, in the setting of polytrauma, patients are often resuscitated for periods >24 h, with delayed orthopedic intervention. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between prolonged time to operative debridement (>24 h) and infection. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients with open fractures that underwent irrigation and debridement at a single institution from 2008 to 2016. Demographic, injury, and operative variables were collected. Infection was defined as the need for intravenous antibiotics and/or repeat irrigation and debridement. Chi-squared test and univariate logistic regression were performed. P Results Of 642 patients examined, 56 (8.7%) developed an infection. Prolonged time to debridement was not associated with increased infection rates (P = 1.00). Gustilo-Anderson classification was associated with increased risk of infection (type I: 2.1%, type II: 7.6%, and type III: 14.6%; P Conclusions Our data suggests that there is no association between infection and prolonged time to debridement.
Parabolic Equation Techniques

Parabolic equation techniques are based on rational approximations of the square root and other functions. The split-step Pade solution is based on an exponential of the square root [1], which takes into account the range numerics and allows large range steps. An initial condition may be obtained using the self-starter [2], which is based on a far-field approximation of a Hankel function of the square root. Accurate solutions to range-dependent problems may be obtained with the energy-conserving parabolic equation [3], which is based on the fourth root. Three-dimensional parabolic equations are derived by factoring the wave equation without making the uncoupled azimuth approximation [4–6]. When horizontal variations in the environment are sufficiently gradual so that energy coupling between modes may be neglected, three-dimensional calculations can be avoided by solving horizontal wave equations for the mode coefficients [7, 8].
In My Name: The Impact of Regional Identity on Civilian Attitudes in the Armed Conflict in Donbas

This article examines the effect of shared group membership on civilian attitudes regarding insurgent forces during an armed conflict. We rely on the original survey conducted in eight towns of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in May–June 2015. Based on the bivariate and multivariate analysis of the survey results, this article finds that a sense of shared identity with rebel forces at the start of the armed conflict in Donbas had a strong independent effect on civilian views of insurgents. Those respondents who identified themselves as residents of the region were more likely to attribute ideational motives to insurgents, report no knowledge of civilian victimization caused by rebel forces, and feel secure in their presence. By contrast, respondents identifying themselves as Ukrainian citizens were more likely to attribute material motives to insurgents, indicate their responsibility for attacks against civilians, and feel intimidated during direct encounters with rebels. These findings point to broader significance of identity cleavages in explaining the Donbas conflict.
LOCAL RESIDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD THE IMPACTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE CARIBBEAN NATION OF ST. KITTS & NEVIS

The attitudes and perceptions of local communities or residents are of special interest when examining and managing the economic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects of tourism development in a given area. This is of particular importance to Small Island nations like those located in the Caribbean. In this paper, we analyzed the perceptions and attitudes of residents in an emerging tourist destination: the nation of St. Kitts & Nevis. A survey of residents produced 360 useable questionnaires and the data was analyzed using the independent t-test and ANOVA. St. Kitts & Nevis had relatively few international tourists until both air and seaports were renovated to accommodate jet aircrafts and large cruise ships along with two additional large hotels. The island nation is currently experiencing a tourism boom that is altering the way of life of local residents. The current research paper provides a better understanding of local residents’ attitudes toward the impacts of tourism development. The results reveal that, in general terms, the local community perceives that tourism brings economic opportunities and has other positive impacts such as increased investments in infrastructures and higher quality hospitality and retail establishments.
Obesity, Hypertension, and Cardiac Dysfunction: Novel Roles of Immunometabolism in Macrophage Activation and Inflammation.

Obesity and hypertension, which often coexist, are major risk factors for heart failure and are characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, which promotes adverse cardiac remodeling. While ma...
Chapter 5 – THE DERIVATIVE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the concept and definitions of a limit which is called the derivative. The process of calculating the derivative directly from the definition is often tedious and may be quite difficult even for apparently simple functions. The rate of change property of the derivative permits its use in many fields such as in economics. For this area, the chapter defines some terminology. The chapter discusses chain rule for the differentiation of the function defined by f(x) 3×2+1. It also discusses the solution to functions defined implicitly and their derivatives. Many equations that define functions implicitly either cannot be converted into explicit form or are of such nature as to make such a conversion undesirable. Therefore, it is important to develop a means of calculating derivatives of these functions without defining them in explicit form. It is accomplished by assuming that the equation F(x, y) = 0 implies an unknown function f such that y =f(x).
High-Accuracy Localization Using IEEE 802.11 WiFi Legacy Preamble

We explore the use of synchronization bits from a standard 802.11 preamble for high-accuracy localization. The multi-tone short training field present in 802.11 standards that use a Legacy preamble is investigated in comparison to a common remote sensing waveform known as the stepped frequency waveform that shares similar waveform characteristics to the preamble. We present the 802.11 standard and the connection to the stepped frequency waveform, derive the theoretical lower bound on the short training field, present a comparison of simulated results, and present experimental wireless measurements demonstrating ranging accuracies on the order of 1.9 mm.
Obstruction of the inferior vena cava following bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation: a case series.

Background Inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction is a rare complication of orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) and is unique to bicaval surgical technique. The clinical significance, diagnosis, complications, and management of post-operative IVC anastomotic obstruction have not been adequately described. Case summary Two patients with end-stage heart failure presented for bicaval OHT. Post-operative course was complicated with shock refractory to fluid resuscitation and inotropic/vasopressor support. Obstruction at the IVC-right atrial (RA) anastomosis was diagnosed on transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), prompting emergent reoperation. In both cases, a large donor Eustachian valve was found to be restricting flow across the IVC-RA anastomosis. Resection of the valve resulted in relief of obstruction across the anastomosis and subsequent improvement in haemodynamics and clinical outcome. Discussion Presumably rare, we present two cases of IVC obstruction post-bicaval OHT. Inferior vena cava obstruction is an under-recognized cause of refractory hypotension and shock in the post-operative setting. Prompt recognition using TOE is crucial for immediate surgical correction and prevention of multi-organ failure. Obstruction can be caused by a thickened Eustachian valve caught in the suture line at the IVC anastomosis, which would require surgical resection.
Subjective cognitive decline and objective cognition among diverse U.S. Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)

INTRODUCTION Despite increased risk of cognitive decline in Hispanics/Latinos, research on early risk markers of Alzheimer's disease in this group is lacking. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early risk marker of pathological aging. We investigated associations of SCD with objective cognition among a diverse sample of Hispanics/Latinos living in the United States. METHODS SCD was measured with the Everyday Cognition Short Form (ECog-12) and cognitive performance with a standardized battery in 6125 adults aged ≥ 50 years without mild cognitive impairment or dementia (xage = 63.2 years, 54.5% women). Regression models interrogated associations of SCD with objective global, memory, and executive function scores. RESULTS Higher SCD was associated with lower objective global (B = -0.16, SE = 0.01), memory (B = -0.13, SE = 0.02), and executive (B = -0.13, SE = 0.02, p's < .001) function composite scores in fully adjusted models. DISCUSSION Self-reported SCD, using the ECog-12, may be an indicator of concurrent objective cognition in diverse middle-aged and older community-dwelling Hispanics/Latinos.
Review of the Metabolic Risk Factors for Increased Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented many new challenges to the healthcare community with the sheer number of individuals affected and the range of symptoms at presentation. Early findings have shown that increased age is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity. Diabetes and hypertension were also found to be strong independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. It was later discovered that obesity is a strong risk factor for severe disease as well. Possible mechanisms for the increased risk associated with metabolic disease include the increased prevalence of acute respiratory syndrome, immune cell dysfunction, and chronic inflammatory states associated with obesity and diabetes. Acknowledging these risk factors has consequences for addressing vaccination strategies as well as healthcare disparities.
Ex-Military Director on the Board: A paradox for monitoring corporate misconduct

We examine the effects of the presence of ex-military directors on a firm’s board of directors and firm corporate misconduct (e.g., health, safety, environmental, fraud, and other regulatory violat...
FasTensor Programming Model

In the previous chapter, we have introduced the motivation for a big data analysis system and its essential components: data model and programming model. We have also clearly stated the reasons why FasTensor chooses the multi-dimensional array as its data model. In this chapter, we continue to provide more details on the FasTensor’s programming model using the multi-dimensional array data model. The crucial constructs of a programming model for the data analysis include an abstract data type and a set of generic operators. The abstract data type allows users to define input and output data structures that their data analysis functions use. The abstract data type is defined on the top of the array data model. The set of generic operators should allow users to formulate a workflow with a wide range of data analysis functions. Through the abstract data type and these generic operators, a standard protocol between users and a data analysis system is established. On one hand, users can format their data with the abstract data type and express their data analysis with these generic operators. On the other hand, based on the abstract data type and these generic operators, the data analysis system can easily build its functions for generic data management functions, parallelization, and other tasks.
XXIII. Concerning his method for protection of the perineum

Abstract Many articles in obstetric and gynecologic literature have become the classics of our discipline. Perhaps regarded as “just another paper” when originally published, they are now recognized as milestones in our scientific growth and development. Yet today's busy practitioner is not necessarily acquainted with them at first hand; he may have read quotations from the article or references to it but has not read the article itself. The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology has previously published a translation of Bumm's article on the circulation of the placenta, and is now happy to be able to offer a translation by Dr. Ralph Wynn of the original presentation by Ferdinand August Max Franz von Ritgen of the maneuver which bears his name.
Binding sites for bacteriophage HP1 integrase on its DNA substrates.

Abstract The temperate phage HP1 integrates its genome into the chromosome of Haemophilus influenzae by site-specific recombination between host and phage DNA segments, the attachment sites. This reaction is promoted by the HP1-encoded integrase. The interactions of HP1 integrase with its DNA substrates have been characterized by DNase I footprinting. Two classes of binding sites were identified. At sites of type I, integrase binding almost completely eliminated cleavage by DNase I; type I sites shared the consensus sequence 5'-AGGGATTTWW. At type II sites, integrase binding produced alternating regions of protection from and enhancement of cleavage, suggesting that binding at these sites distorted the DNA. The consensus sequence for type II sites was 5'-ACTGGCGRTW. Each binding site contained two copies of the relevant consensus. The host attachment site (attB) contains an inverted pair of type I consensus sequences surrounding the strand exchange points. The phage attachment site (attP) includes six binding sites, three of type I and three of type II, distributed along its 500 nucleotide pairs. All type I sites contain two consensus motifs arranged as inverted repeats. One of these surrounds the strand exchange points in this substrate, one is located internally, and the third coincides with the right boundary of the attP sequence. One type II site, consisting of an inverted repeat of two type II consensus motifs, coincides with the left boundary of the attP sequence. The other two type II sites contain directly repeated pairs of the consensus and are internally located.
Intelligent cruise control for vehicles based on feedback linearization

Autonomous intelligent cruise control design is a very important contribution to introducing automation systems in future traffic patterns. A strategy for automated vehicle tracking, keeping a velocity dependent distance in order to provide automatically a constant time-headway, is described. As it is based on the principle of feedback linearization, clearly arranged algorithms can be provided, where no special preferred operating points are required. Essential nonlinearities are compensated in a direct way and on the remaining system a free choosable linear behavior can be impressed. In order to provide a fast transient behavior and insensitivity to disturbances, the control laws include, besides a proportional part, differentiation as well as integration terms. Furthermore overshoot behavior is opposed and comfort parameters can be adjusted. Due to its high performance, this control system establishes an important contribution in the enhancement of traffic safety.
Development of the process for the recovery and conversion of 233UF6 chemisorbed in NaF traps from the molten salt reactor remediation project

The Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) site at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is being cleaned up and remediated. The removal of {approx}37 kg of fissile {sup 233}U is the main activity. Of that inventory, {approx}23 kg has already been removed as UF{sub 6} from the piping system and chemisorbed in 25 NaF traps. This material is in temporary storage while it awaits conversion to a stable oxide. The planned recovery of {approx}11 kg of uranium from the fuel salt will generate another 15 to 19 NaF traps. The remaining 2 to 3 kg of uranium are present in activated charcoal beds, which are also scheduled to be removed from the reactor site. Since all of these materials (NaF traps and the uranium-laden charcoal) are not suitable for long-term storage, they will be converted to a uranium oxide (U{sub 3}O{sub 8}), which is suitable for long-term storage.The conversion of the MSRE material into an oxide presents unique problems, such as criticality concerns, a large radiation field caused by the daughters of {sup 232}U (an impurity isotope in the {sup 233}U), and the possible spread of the high-radiation field from the release of {sup 220}Rn gas. To overcome these problems, a novelmore » process was conceived and developed. This process was specially tailored for providing remote operations inside a hot cell while maintaining full containment at all times to avoid the spread of contamination. This process satisfies criticality concerns, maximizes the recovery of uranium, minimizes any radiation exposure to operators, and keeps waste disposal to a minimum.« less
Myxococcus xanthus encodes an ATP-dependent protease which is required for developmental gene transcription and intercellular signaling.

The bsgA gene of Myxococcus xanthus plays an essential role in the regulation of early gene expression during fruiting body formation and sporulation. bsgA mutants behave as though unable to initiate a required cell-cell interaction and consequently fail to transcribe normal levels of many developmentally induced genes. We determined the nucleotide sequence of bsgA, which predicts a single gene encoding a 90.4-kDa protein. The deduced BsgA protein shares 45 and 48% amino acid identity with the lon genes of Escherichia coli and Bacillus brevis, respectively. The cloned bsgA gene was expressed in E. coli, and the BsgA protein was partially purified and found, like its E. coli homolog, to be an ATP-dependent protease. Thus, the basis for the phenotype of bsgA mutants is likely to be a defect in intracellular proteolysis. Images
Women's language: Uncertainty or interpersonal sensitivity and emotionality?

Six differences in linguistic behavior in same-sex and mixed-sex problem-solving groups were explored. Small groups of all women, all men, and mixed sex were run and videotaped. Linguistic behavior was assessed through a content analysis of four syntactic categories: intensifiers, modal constructions, tag questions, and imperative constructions in question form. Support was found for the hypothesis of Key (1975) and Lakoff (1975) that women, as compared with men, use more linguistic categories that connote uncertainty. Support was also found for these authors' hypotheses that (1) women use more linguistic forms that connote uncertainty when men are present than when men are absent, and (2) men are more likely to interrupt women than women are likely to interrupt men. The results are discussed from the perspectives of women's role (supportive behavior and minority status) and women's culture (interpersonal sensitivity and emotionality).
Is it really necessary to use mildly phobic analogue subjects

The current use of midly phobic analogue subjects in desensitization research is largely unnecessary since highly fearful subjects are more easily recruited. An editorial policy aimed at discouraging unnecessary analogue studies is recommended.
Sampling a Gaussian energy distribution to study the phase transitions of the Z(2) and U(1) lattice gauge theories.

A new method for the study of phase transitions in classical statistical mechanics, by sampling a Gaussian energy distribution instead of a Boltzmann distribution, is applied to the Z(2) and U(1) lattice gauge theories. The method is effective at identifying and measuring first-order transitions. The phase diagram of the U(1) gauge theory with both charge-1 and charge-2 interactions is described by this approach.
Patient-centered care at Joslin: Reflections of a mirror

This personal communication describes the practical aspects of patient-centered care (PCC), as viewed by a person with diabetes, who is also a diabetes educator. He describes his encounters with two leading diabetologists, who practiced the real essence of PCC. The author also explains the impact these patient-centered doctors had on him, and how it has shaped his personal as well as professional life, over the past half century.
Reduction of an Electrochemistry-Based Li-Ion Battery Health Degradation Model via Constraint Linearization and Pade´ Approximation

This paper examines an electrochemistry-based model of health degradation via anode-side resistive film formation in Lithium-ion batteries. The paper makes this model more tractable and conducive to control design by making two main contributions to the literature. First, we adaptively solve the model’s algebraic constraints using quasi-linearization. This improves the model’s execution speed compared to solving the constraints via optimization. Second, we reduce the model’s order by deriving a family of analytic Pade approximations to the model’s spherical diffusion equations. The paper carefully compares these Pade approximations to other published methods for reducing spherical diffusion equations. Finally, the paper concludes with simulations of battery degradation that highlight the significant impact of the proposed model reduction approach on the battery model’s overall accuracy and simulation speed.© 2010 ASME
Implications of the Work/Leisure Relationship for Managerial Decision Making

There are no significant differences between work and job satisfaction, especially among groups using flexitime. Additional research is still needed to identify variables which do impact on the work‐leisure relationship. A sample of 138 managerial and professional employees from a range of organisations, administered with a questionnaire containing demographic data, a leisure satisfaction scale, work satisfaction scale, imbedded scales on role conflict, ambiguity and organisational commitment, showed conflicting findings on the work‐leisure relationship
Comments by John and Beatrice Blyth Whiting

John and Beatrice Whiting both served as society presidents in the early years of the Society for Psychological Anthropology. John was the first president of the society, serving from 1978 to 1980; while Beatrice held the post in 1983.
Practices and perceptions among pediatricians regarding adolescent contraception with emphasis on intrauterine contraception.

Abstract Study Objective This study was conducted to characterize pediatricians' current practice patterns and perceived barriers related to adolescent contraception counseling with an emphasis on intrauterine contraception (IUC). Design We performed a mailed survey study to 400 general pediatricians. Setting Surveys were mailed to pediatricians at their individual office locations. Participants General pediatricians belonging to the Massachusetts Pediatric Society were included in the study. Interventions The survey instrument assessed current practice patterns and perspectives as related to contraception counseling for adolescents. Main Outcome Measures Use of contraception among adolescent patients, policy to recommend IUC to adolescents in various clinical scenarios, and barriers to adolescent contraceptive counseling. Results Over 50% of pediatricians considered abstinence their favored method of contraception for adolescents, while fewer than 20% reported discussing IUC as an option. Female pediatricians were more likely to discuss IUC (25% vs 8%, P = .01), as were younger pediatricians (28% vs 14%, P = .13). Given 8 clinical scenarios suitable for IUC use, less than 25% of pediatricians would offer IUC to a teen unless she had a history of a vaginal delivery or abortion. Seventy percent of pediatricians reported lack of training with IUC, and more than 30% reported legal, fertility and parental concerns as barriers to discussing IUC with adolescents. Conclusions Efforts are warranted to improve the education of pediatricians regarding the most current guidelines for proper IUC use in adolescents with the goal to increase the frequency with which this effective contraceptive method is discussed with this vulnerable population.
Widely tunable continuous-wave InGaAsP/InP sampled grating lasers

The 1.55 µm widely tunable sampled grating lasers described here show significant improvements over those previously reported. The authors have obtained, for the first time, continuous wave (CW) operation with 62 nm CW tuning range, 30–50 dB MSR, 10 mW output power, and monotonic tuning.
Complex chromosome rearrangements. Report of a new case and literature review

A complex and unique, apparently balanced translocation involving three autosomes and an X in a phenotypically abnormal child is described. Family studies using glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase as a marker provided biochemical evidence of non-random expression of this Xq locus and suggested that this de novo abnormality in the proband could be paternal in origin--the first such instance to be recorded.
Improving success probabilities of faculty requests for extramural research support

The study focuses on a predetermined selection of variables which are amenable to administrative control and which are frequently cited in the literature as having an impact on success probabilities, and it offers estimates of the magnitude and direction of the effect of these on the chance of obtaining an award from either of two leading sponsors of research at universities and colleges. It finds that as much as 50 percent of the variability in the probability of success is attributable to the selected variables and that individual measures of impact vary both within and between sponsoring agencies. This outcome is evidence that action taken by university administrators could improve the competitiveness of faculty in the sponsored funds market.
Active and passive spatial learning in human navigation: acquisition of graph knowledge.

It seems intuitively obvious that active exploration of a new environment would lead to better spatial learning than would passive visual exposure. It is unclear, however, which components of active learning contribute to spatial knowledge, and previous literature is decidedly mixed. This experiment tests the contributions of 4 components to metric survey knowledge: visual, vestibular, and podokinetic information and cognitive decision making. In the learning phase, 6 groups of participants learned the locations of 8 objects in a virtual hedge maze by (a) walking, (b) being pushed in a wheelchair, or (c) watching a video, crossed with (1) making decisions about their path or (2) being guided through the maze. In the test phase, survey knowledge was assessed by having participants walk a novel shortcut from a starting object to the remembered location of a test object, with the maze removed. Performance was slightly better than chance in the passive video condition. The addition of vestibular information did not improve performance in the wheelchair condition, but the addition of podokinetic information significantly improved angular accuracy in the walking condition. In contrast, there was no effect of decision making in any condition. The results indicate that visual and podokinetic information significantly contribute to survey knowledge, whereas vestibular information and decision making do not. We conclude that podokinetic information is the primary component of active learning for the acquisition of metric survey knowledge.
A bullous variant of Kaposi's sarcoma in an elderly female.

. We report the case of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) in an elderly Italian female that has slowly progressed and evolved clinically with bullous formation. The skin biopsy was diagnostic of KS, showing the typical spindle cell formations, but at the same time showing a labyrinthlike collection of vessels that correlated with the bullous nature of the clinical lesions. Immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII antigens demonstrated strong reactivity of non-neoplastic blood vessel endothelium but virtually no staining of tumor cells. This is similar to the reactivity of normal lymphatic endothelial cells and supports the notion that these labyrinth-like vessels are derived from lymphatic endothelium.
Structural roles of calcium ions and side chains in welan: an X-ray study

Abstract Welan is the first branced polymer in the gellan family of polysaccharides whose three-dimensional structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of polycrystalline and well oriented fibers of the calcium salt. The molecule exists as a half-staggered, parallel, double-helix, similar to that of gellan. The side chains fold back on the main chain to form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate groups. This shielding enhances the stability of the double-helix. Three molecules are organized in a trigonal unit cell of dimensions a = 20.83 and c = 28.69 A with a lateral separation of 12.0 A in each pair; this is 2.9 A larger than in gellan. The double helices are in contact with each other through calcium ions and water molecules via COO−…Ca2+…COO− and COO−…W…Ca2+…COO− interactions, and through side chain-side chain hydrogen bonds. These structural features enable us not only to explain how the side chains in welan are responsible for the enhanced molecular stability relative to gellan, but also to show how essential they are for the associative properties which control the rheology of the polymer.
Binge ethanol exposure during adolescence leads to a persistent loss of neurogenesis in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus that is associated with impaired adult cognitive functioning

Adolescence is a developmental period that coincides with the maturation of adult cognitive faculties. Binge drinking is common during adolescence and can impact brain maturation. Using a rodent model of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 20% EtOH w/v; 2 days on/2 days off from postnatal day [P]25 to P55), we discovered that AIE treatment reduced neurogenesis (i.e., doublecortin-immunoreactive [DCX + IR] cells) in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus of late adolescent (P56) male Wistar rats that persisted during abstinence into adulthood (P220). This reduction in neurogenesis was accompanied by a concomitant reduction in proliferating cells (Ki-67) and an increase in cell death (cleaved caspase-3). In the hippocampus, AIE treatment induced a long-term upregulation of neuroimmune genes, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its endogenous agonist high-mobility group box 1 as well as several proinflammatory signaling molecules. Administration of lipopolysaccharide, a gram-negative endotoxin agonist at TLR4, to young adult rats (P70) produced a similar reduction of DCX + IR cells that was observed in AIE-treated animals. Behaviorally, AIE treatment impaired object recognition on the novel object recognition task when assessed from P163 to P165. Interestingly, object recognition memory was positively correlated with DCX + IR in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus while latency to enter the center of the apparatus was negatively correlated with DCX + IR in the ventral dentate gyrus. Together, these data reveal that adolescent binge ethanol exposure persistently inhibits neurogenesis throughout the hippocampus, possibly through neuroimmune mechanisms, which might contribute to altered adult cognitive and emotive function.
The Expert's Opinion

Keynote address to the 1994 Information Resources Management Association International Conference in San Antonio, Texas by Cloene Goldsborough Sprint Corporation
Te-rich CdTe surface by pulsed UV laser treatment for ohmic back contact formation

Pulsed UV laser treatments have recently been applied to polycrystalline CdTe solar cells to create an ohmic back contact. In this work, we investigate the surface stoichiometry variations produced by pulsed laser excitation using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These results reveal surfaces that are becoming more Cd-rich, counter to what is expected from calculations and what has been measured by others. To understand this apparent disagreement, we have constructed a geometric model of the sample surface considering surface topography and a segregation of phases at the surface. From this, we infer that the laser treatments do produce a Te enrichment as expected, but that this enrichment is localized near the grain boundaries. Furthermore, the apparent Cd-enrichment occurs because the Te-rich region's contribution to the XPS intensity is lessened by topographic and surface sensitivity effects as well as a sub-monolayer of Cd found elsewhere on the film surface.
Doppler streak mode Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography is able to be used for in vivo blood flow measurement. In conventional methods, the highest velocity that can be measured is limited to the range the phase shift between two successively recorded depth profiles at the same probe-beam location, which cannot exceed (-π, π), otherwise phase wrapping will occur. This phase-wrapping limit is determined by the time interval between two consecutive A-scans. We present a novel approach to shorten the time interval between two consecutive A-scans and thus increase the phase-wrapping limit by using an area scan camera to record the interference spectrum in a streak mode. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, the blood flows in HH18 and HH19 chick hearts were imaged and phase wrapping free Doppler images were obtained.
Lactation Studies. IX. Relationship of Milk Flow Rate and Complementary Milk to Milk Yields in a Herd of Holstein Cattle

Abstract Maximum rate of milking, percentage of complementary milk, and milk production were compared monthly and over complete lactations for 81 cows from the Minnesota Valley Breeders Association. The cows were arranged into 21 sire groups, to estimate variability attributable to sires for rate of milking, percentage of complementary milk, and milk production. Rate of milking measurements were obtained from a milking profile as recorded by a continuous feed kymograph. Immediately after milking, 10 IU oxytocin were injected intravenously and complementary milk obtained by hand-milking. As shown by correlation and regression analysis, both variables were related to total lactation milk production. Rate of milking and percentage of complementary milk combined explained 10% of the total variation in lactation milk production. Percentage of complementary milk explained a greater part of the variation in lactation milk production than rate of milking. This experiment tends to show that faster-milking cows have less complementary milk (more persistent) and, consequently, have higher lactation production.
Insertion policy selection using Decision Tree Analysis

The last-level cache (LLC) mitigates the impact of long memory access latencies in today's microarchitectures. The insertion policy in the LLC has a significant impact on cache efficiency. A fixed insertion policy can allow useless blocks to remain in the cache longer than necessary, resulting in inefficiency. We introduce insertion policy selection using Decision Tree Analysis (DTA). The technique requires minimal hardware modification over the least-recently-used (LRU) replacement policy. This policy uses the fact that the LLC filters temporal locality. Many of the lines brought to the cache are never accessed again. Even if they are reaccessed they do not experience bursts, but rather they are reused when they are near to the LRU position in the LRU stack. We use decision tree analysis of multi-set-dueling to choose the optimal insertion position in the LRU stack. Inserting in this position, zero reuse lines minimize their dead time while the non-zero reuse lines remain in the cache long enough to be reused and avoid a miss. For a 1MB 16 way set-associative last level cache in a single core processor, our policy uses only 2,069 additional bits over the LRU replacement policy. On average it reduces misses by 5.16% and achieves 7.19% IPC improvement over LRU.