cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a hand-foot-mouth disease cluster in Beijing, 2010

Objective To Explore the weak links of a hand-foot-mouth disease cluster deaths caused by EV71 in Beijing,2010.Methods Field epidemiological survey and sample collections were carried out to the cases,close contacts and the surrounding.The samples were used for viral isolation,RT-PCR and gene sequencing.The analysis of the results was conducted by descriptive epidemiology.Results This cluster death caused by EV71 subgenotype CAa with at least 2 transmission chains and 2 children were dead.Death cases had sharing utensils history and delayed seeking medical treatment.The positive rate of the juvenile direct contactor' s throat swabs was 66.67％ and the fecal sample was 42.86％.That of the adult throat swabs was 25.00％,and that of the adult feces was 33.33％.The positive rates of the indirect contactor' s throat swabs and feces were zero.Conclusions Instruction and education of severe cases' early warning indications,safe medication and general hygiene knowledge should be executed to reduce the transmission of hand-foot-mouth disease and decrease the mortality. Key words: Hand-foot-mouth disease ; Cluster cases ; Deaths
Not quite human, not quite machine: Electrophysiological responses to robot faces.

Face recognition is supported by selective neural mechanisms that are sensitive to various aspects of facial appearance. These include ERP components like the P100, N170, and P200 which exhibit different patterns of selectivity for various aspects of facial appearance. Examining the boundary between faces and non-faces using these responses is one way to develop a more robust understanding of the representation of faces in visual cortex and determine what critical properties an image must possess to be considered face-like. Here, we probe this boundary by examining how face-sensitive ERP components respond to robot faces. Robot faces are an interesting stimulus class because they can differ markedly from human faces in terms of shape, surface properties, and the configuration of facial features, but are also interpreted as social agents in a range of settings. In two experiments, we examined how the P100 and N170 responded to human faces, robot faces, and non-face objects (clocks). We found that robot faces elicit intermediate responses from face-sensitive components relative to non-face objects and both real and artificial human faces (Exp. 1), and also that the face inversion effect was only partly evident in robot faces (Exp. 2). We conclude that robot faces are an intermediate stimulus class that offers insight into the perceptual and cognitive factors that affect how social agents are identified and categorized.
“Musicalization of the Culture”: Is Music Becoming Louder, More Repetitive, Monotonous and Simpler?

“Musicalization of the culture” is the social science concept proposed by American philosopher George Stainer. He depicted the glooming future of music—it would become omnipresent while having increasing volume, repetitiveness, and monotony, which are ascribed to the debase of literal aesthetics. Although research that relates to one or some of these predictions exists, neither of them encompass all these “musicalization” manifestations, nor do they study the trend of these predictions over time. Therefore, this preliminary research tries to validate whether music has gained acoustic loudness, and lyrical repetitiveness, monotony, and simplicity in a computational fashion. Conducting time-series analysis with trend detection, we confirmed the increasing trends of acoustic loudness and repetitiveness but not monotony and simplicity from 1970 to 2016 using the MetroLyrics dataset and Spotify API. To investigate the simultaneity of these trends, we further conducted synchrony analysis and found little evidence indicating they would influence each other in a lagged fashion. In light of the results, we briefly discussed our findings by relating to the music industry change in reality. Our research made the first attempt to answer this music sociological preposition. On top of this, we also proposed novel metrics to quantify repetitiveness using closed frequent sequential pattern mining, which could be illuminating for future research.
"We Just Take Care of Each Other": Navigating 'Chosen Family' in the Context of Health, Illness, and the Mutual Provision of Care amongst Queer and Transgender Young Adults.

“Chosen family”—families formed outside of biological or legal (bio-legal) bonds—is a signature of the queer experience. Therefore, we address the stakes of “chosen family” for queer and transgender (Q/T) young adults in terms of health, illness and the mutual provision of care. “Chosen family” is a refuge specifically generated by and for the queer experience, so we draw upon anthropological theory to explore questions of queer kinship in terms of care. We employ a phenomenological approach to semi-structured interviews (n = 11), open coding, and thematic analysis of transcriptions to meet our aims: (1) Develop an understanding of the beliefs and values that form the definition of “chosen family” for Q/T young adults; and (2) Understand the ways in which “chosen family” functions in terms of care for health and illness. Several themes emerged, allowing us to better understand the experiences of this population in navigating the concept of “chosen family” within and beyond health care settings. Emergent themes include: (1) navigating medical systems; (2) leaning on each other; and (3) mutual aid. These findings are explored, as are the implications of findings for how health care professionals can better engage Q/T individuals and their support networks.
Far-Ultraviolet and X-Ray Observations of the Reverse Shock in the Small Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219

We present Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) and X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) data for the reverse shock of the O-rich supernova remnant (SNR) 1E 0102.2-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The FUSE observations cover three regions with significantly different optical [O III] intensities, all associated with the relatively bright part of the X-ray ring. Emission lines of O VI λλ1032, 1038 are clearly detected in the FUSE spectra. The XMM-Newton EPIC MOS 1/2 spectra are dominated by strong emission lines of O, Ne, and Mg. By combining the O VI doublet emission with the O VII triplet and O VIII Lyα fluxes from the X-ray spectra and assuming a nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) model with a single ionization timescale for the spectra, we find an increase of the ionization timescale τ from north (τ ≈ 0.6 × 1011 s cm-3) to southeast (τ ≈ 2 × 1011 s cm-3). This is indicative of increasing density in the X-ray-bright ring, in good agreement with the optical [O III] emission, which is strongest in the southeast. However, if we assume a plane-parallel shock model with a distribution of ionization timescales, the O VI emission appears to be inconsistent with O VII and O VIII in X-rays. The analysis of the total X-ray spectra shows that there is no consistent set of values for the temperature and ionization timescale that can explain the observed line ratios for O, Ne, and Mg. This would be consistent with a structured distribution of the ejecta, as the O, Ne, and Mg would have interacted with the reverse shock at different times.
FinFET with Contact over Active-Gate for 5G Ultra-Wideband Applications

FinFET with contact over active-gate (COAG) is implemented on 12nm node technology platform to optimize the Maximum Oscillation Frequency $(F_{MAX})$ ) and the Minimum Noise Figure $(NF_{MIN}$ for devices with large fin numbers. This study shows that proposed COAG design can reduce the gate resistance of the 40-fin device by ~ 10- fold, while improving the $F_{MAX}$ by ~ 180% with comparable reliability performance to traditional FinFETs. Excellent DC and RF performances with $NF_{MIN}$ of 0.6dB at 26GHz and 3dB improvement in NF with $50\mathrm{Q}$ source impedance $(NF_{50}$ ) over the 5-26GHz frequency range makes large fin number COAG FinFET an excellent candidate for variety of 5G sub-6GHz and mmWave applications in which high $\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{MAX}}$ and low noise are critical.
The Insulin Receptor Mediates Insulin's Early Plasma Clearance by Liver, Muscle, and Kidney.

The role of the insulin receptor in mediating tissue-specific insulin clearance in vivo has not been reported. Using physiologic insulin doses, we measured the initial clearance rate (first 5 min) of intravenously injected ([125I]TyrA14)-insulin by muscle, liver, and kidney in healthy rats in the presence and absence of the insulin receptor blocker S961. We also tested whether 4 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) affected the initial rate of insulin clearance. Pre-treatment with S961 for 60 min prior to administering labeled insulin raised plasma ([125I]TyrA14)insulin concentration approximately 5-fold (p 50% (p < 0.01), suggesting a significant role for renal insulin clearance in limiting the hyperinsulinemia that accompanies HFD. We conclude that the insulin receptor is a major mediator of initial insulin clearance from plasma and for its clearance by liver, kidney, and muscle. HFD feeding increases renal insulin clearance to limit systemic hyperinsulinemia.
Vaccine Hesitancy and Betrayal Aversion

Current measures of vaccine hesitancy capture overall beliefs about the safety of vaccines without disassociating the source of the assumed risks. Betrayal aversion occurs when an individual is hesitant to risk being betrayed in an environment involving trust. In this pre-registered experimental study, we document the importance of betrayal aversion in vaccination decisions and show that it is not captured by current vaccine hesitancy measures. We find that over a third of participants have betrayal averse preferences, resulting in an 8-26% decline in vaccine acceptance, depending on the betrayal source. Moreover, we show that betrayal aversion is amplified in situations where the betrayal risk can be attributed to scientists or government. We explore an exogenous message intervention and show that an otherwise effective message acts narrowly and fails to reduce betrayal aversion. Our results demonstrate the importance of betrayal aversion as a preference construct in the decision to vaccinate.
Cutaneous Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium kansasii in a Yellow-naped Amazon Parrot ( Amazona auropalliata ).

An approximately 25-year-old, female, yellow-naped Amazon parrot (Amazona auropalliata) was evaluated for a chronic, raised, ulcerative mass on the lateral aspect of the left thigh. Histopathology of an excisional biopsy revealed severe, chronic, multifocal-to-coalescing, ulcerated dermal and subcutaneous granulomas. No infectious organisms were observed on Ziehl-Neelsen or Gomori methenamine silver stains. The parrot was treated with oral sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim and meloxicam. When reexamined 2 weeks later, the biopsy site had healed. Surgical biopsies were resubmitted 14 months after the original presentation due to recurrence of similar ulcerative lesions on the right leg. Histopathology revealed a similar inflammatory pattern, and hematoxylin-eosin, Ziehl-Neelsen, and silver stains on the biopsy samples were all negative. A Fite-Faraco stain revealed rare acid-fast bacilli throughout the lesion. Tissue polymerase chain reaction test was negative for Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium genavense. Mycobacterial culture and subsequent genotyping revealed Mycobacterium kansasii. Mycobacterium kansasii is a significant cause of mycobacteriosis in humans and, therefore, should be considered a potential zoonotic organism. This report describes an unusual primary cutaneous presentation of avian mycobacteriosis.
Differential cytokine and chemokine expression during rejection and infection following intestinal transplantation

Abstract Background/objectives Rejection and infectious enteritis in intestinal transplant (ITx) patients present with virtually identical symptoms. Currently, the gold standard for differentiating between these two conditions is endoscopy, which is invasive and costly. Our primary aim was to identify differences in peripheral blood cytokines during episodes of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and infectious enteritis in patients with intestinal transplants. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study involving ITx patients transplanted between 2000 and 2016. We studied 63 blood samples collected from 29 ITx patients during periods of normal (n = 24) and abnormal (n = 17) allograft function. PBMCs from whole blood samples were cultured under unstimulated or stimulated conditions with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The supernatant from these cultures were collected to measure cytokine and chemokine levels using a 38-plex luminex panel. Results Our study found that cytokines and chemokines are differentially expressed in normal, ACR, and infectious enteritis samples under unstimulated conditions based on heatmap analysis. Although each cohort displayed distinctive signatures, only MDC (p = 0.037) was found to be significantly different between ACR and infectious enteritis. Upon stimulation of PBMCs, patients with ACR demonstrated increased immune reactivity compared to infectious enteritis; though this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study comparing cytokine expression during acute rejection and infectious enteritis in intestinal transplant recipients. Our results suggest that cytokines have the potential to be used as clinical markers for risk stratification and/or diagnosis of ACR and infectious enteritis.
Modelling TOVS radiances of synoptic systems

Two operational analysis models, produced by ECMWF and NMC, are compared against observed satellite radiances by converting the analyzed variables into synthetic radiances using a radiative transfer model (RTM). Observed TOVS satellite radiances are used as a ground truth, since they are the only source of continuous, synoptic-scale resolution observations available over the data-sparse tropical Pacific Ocean. It is assumed that if the analysis models correctly simulate atmospheric conditions, the observed and modelled radiance fields will have similar patterns and magnitudes. In each of seven TOVS channels examined, the mean temperature difference between the models was small, but the differences between the models and the observations were large. The mean temperature difference within each channel was larger than the standard deviation in most cases. The moisture channels of the RTM were sensitive to changes in moisture content, but none of the channels were significantly affected by changes in temperature. Single-day modelled radiance analyses contain synoptic information similar to the satellite observations. ECMWF is often too noisy, producing features not verified by the satellite; NMC is often too smooth. NMC more closely resembles the TOVS contours. Modelled water vapor channel analyses resemble observed monthly and composited observations well, but do not accurately reproduce the highly-variable single-day fields. ECMWF generally has more accurate gradients. Neither model simulates the tropics well. The water vapor channels, especially channel eleven (weighted at 700 mb), most closely resembled the tropical plume composite described by McGuirk and Ulsh. The only plume evidence found in the thermal or microwave channels, in either the observations or the models, was a composite trough situated in the correct location, extending from the mid-latitudes into the subtropics. This feature was not readily discernable until the definition and mature stages. Additional information besides the modelled temperatures would be required to produce an accurate forecast for the tropics. Model patterns more closely resembled the observations in the quiescent atmosphere, though the magnitudes were not any closer. ECMWF simulates the TOVS quiescent state better than NMC. The moisture channels continue to present the most realistic patterns. The models contained more detail in the tropics than was verified by the satellite observations, apparently trying to force an active ITCZ. Lag correlations showed TOVS to be more persistent than the models. TOVS also showed a smoother lag trend, but all products appeared to have adequate ability to react to changes in the atmosphere over time.
TU-F-CAMPUS-J-04: Evaluation of Metal Artifact Reduction Technique for the Radiation Therapy Planning

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using a metal artifact reduction technique in depleting metal artifact and its application in improving dose calculation in External Radiation Therapy Planning. Methods: CIRS electron density phantom was scanned with and without steel drill bits placed in some plug holes. Meta artifact reduction software with Metal Deletion Technique (MDT) was used to remove metal artifacts for scanned image with metal. Hounsfield units of electron density plugs from artifact free reference image and MDT processed images were compared. To test the dose calculation improvement after the MDT processed images, clinically approved head and neck plan with manual dental artifact correction was tested. Patient images were exported and processed with MDT and plan was recalculated with new MDT image without manual correction. Dose profiles near the metal artifacts were compared. Results: The MDT used in this study effectively reduced the metal artifact caused by beam hardening and scatter. The windmill around the metal drill was greatly improved with smooth rounded view. Difference of the mean HU in each density plug between reference and MDT images were less than 10 HU in most of the plugs. Dose difference between original plan and MDT images were minimal. Conclusion: Most metal artifact reduction methods were developed for diagnostic improvement purpose. Hence Hounsfield unit accuracy was not rigorously tested before. In our test, MDT effectively eliminated metal artifacts with good HU reproduciblity. However, it can introduce new mild artifacts so the MDT images should be checked with original images.
Caregiver’s Country of Birth Is a Significant Determinant of Accurate Perception of Preschool-Age Children’s Weight

Background. One in four preschool-age children in the United States are currently overweight or obese. Previous studies have shown that caregivers of this age group often have difficulty accurately recognizing their child’s weight status. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with accurate/inaccurate perception of child body mass index (BMI) among a multicultural sample of caregivers who were predominantly low-income and foreign-born. Methods. A total of 980 caregivers (72% Hispanic, 71% born outside of the United States) of preschool-age children (N = 1,105) were asked if their child was normal weight, overweight, or obese. Answers were compared to actual child BMI percentile category via chi-square analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of accurate perception of child BMI percentile category. Results. More than one third of preschoolers were either overweight (18.4%) or obese (16.5%). The majority (92%) of caregivers of an overweight/obese child i...
Seven-hour radioimmunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Abstract A 7 hr. radioimmunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin has been developed. The standard reference curves obtained with the use of this procedure conformed to those described by existing methods.
Erdős-Hajnal-type Results on Intersection Patterns of Geometric Objects

In their seminal paper [21], Erdős and Hajnal raised the following question. Is it true that for any graph G there exists a constant c = c(G) > 0 with the property that every graph of n vertices that contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to G has a complete or an empty induced subgraph of size n c ? We answer this question in the affirmative for some special classes of graphs denned by geometric methods.
An empirical prototypical approach to the definition of psychiatric illness.

The facts that neither the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) nor any other major standard diagnostic system have offered a full definition of psychiatric illness and that earnest definitional attempts reported in the literature (e.g. Spitzer & Endicott, 1978) have not received wide acceptance, have led distinguished nosologists (e.g. Kendell, 1985) to suggest that all we can say about psychiatric classifications is that they are classifications of kinds of problems which psychiatrists currently deal with. However, one immediate difficulty with this characterisation is that it is based on what psychiatrists do, when in fact psychiatric problems are dealt with also by other professionals of various types and levels of training. Another difficulty is that it implies that there is not even an approximate common denominator or core concept underlying the various forms of psychiatric disorder listed in the ICD or other standard diagnostic systems.
A parsing algorithm for unification grammar

We describe a table-driven parser for unification grammar that combines bottom-up construction of phrases with top-down filtering. This algorithm works on a class of grammars called depth-bounded grammars, and it is guaranteed to halt for any input string. Unlike many unification parsers, our algorithm works directly on a unification grammar---it does not require that we divide the grammar into a context-free "backbone" and a set of feature agreement constraints. We give a detailed proof of correctness. For the case of a pure bottom-up parser, our proof does not rely on the details of unification---it works for any pattern-matching technique that satisfies certain simple conditions.
Coherent Atomic Excitation in a Cavity. I. Low Density

Abstract We present a procedure for treating coherent selective excitation (and subsequent ionization) of atomic vapour in a radiation-filled cavity. Specifically, we describe a technique for solving the coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations for atoms in a one-dimensional cavity by means of a spatial quasi-Fourier expansion that introduces a sequence of increasing spatial harmonics for atomic populations and coherences. We discuss the resulting coupled equations and present examples of solutions for a simple model of stationary and moving two-state atoms in the limit of very low density. The atomic excitation exhibits a travelling wave behaviour, but with significant modulation.
Biosynthesis of hydrocarbons and contact sex pheromone and their transport by lipophorin in females of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica)

Abstract The sites of synthesis, and transport of hydrocarbons and methyl ketone contact sex pheromone, were examined in the German cockroach. The abdominal integument of 7-day old Blattella germanica females showed linear incorporation of [1-14C]propionate into hydrocarbon and pheromone for at least 4 h in vitro, whereas other body parts including the head, wings, legs, thorax, fat body, digestive tract, and vitellogenic ovaries produced negligible amounts of hydrocarbon and pheromone. The sternites synthesized significantly more hydrocarbon and methyl ketones than the tergites, and in both, the incorporation of propionate into hydrocarbon correlated well with its incorporation into the methyl ketone pheromone, suggesting that the abdominal oenocytes or epidermal cells synthesize both hydrocarbon and pheromone. The abdomen contained about 55% of the total hydrocarbon and pheromone in the female, and both were located mainly in the ovaries, integumental epidermal cells (including oenocytes), fat body, and hemolymph. Hemolymph contained up to 20% of the internal hydrocarbons and their methyl ketone derivatives, suggesting that hemolymph carries and circulates hydrocarbon and pheromone in the female. A high density lipophorin (1.109 ± 0.002 g/ml) was isolated and purified from hemolymph by KBr gradient ultracentrifugation and was shown to be the only hemolymph protein that carries hydrocarbon and pheromone. This result suggests that lipophorin loads newly synthesized hydrocarbon and pheromone from the abdominal epidermis and transports them to various tissues, including the ovaries, fat body and possibly the epicuticle. After injection of radiolabeled propionate, newly synthesized radiolabeled methyl-branched hydrocarbons appeared first in the epidermal fraction (with oenocytes) and hemolymph, and later on the epicuticle. When veins entering the fore-wings were cut so that hemolymph circulation to the wings was blocked, the amount of newly synthesized hydrocarbon on the wings was significantly lower than on intact fore-wings. Significantly more radiolabeled hydrocarbon which had been topically applied on the sternites was recovered in the hemolymph than on the surface of the wings. These results show that transport of hydrocarbon is mediated by lipophorin, which shuttles newly synthesized hydrocarbon and methyl ketone sex pheromone from the abdominal oenocytes to epicuticular and internal deposition sites, including the ovaries.
Macroscopic Electrical Properties of Ordered Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

Creation of large-scale arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with defined orientation and density is of central importance for obtaining functional electronic device structures that incorporate these nanoscaled systems. This manuscript describes how the macroscopic electrical properties of 2D SWNT networks vary controllably with the microscopic alignment individual SWNTs in the network. These studies indicate that "orthogonal" SWNT structures provide enhanced reproducibility and conductivity, when compared to deposits of highly aligned SWNTs. Because this material is composed of a submonolayer coverage of SWNTs, such deposits have applications in flexible and transparent electronic materials.
On the need for regulation of succinate dehydrogenase.

It has been known since 1955 that substrates and competitive inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase activate the enzyme by a process which is believed to involve a conformation change in the enzyme [ 1, 21. The activation is completely reversible, since on removal of the substrate the activated enzyme rapidly reverts to the unactivated (inactive) form [3]. This type of activation has been observed in soluble and particulate preparations, in inner mem- brane preparations and in mitochondria [2-41. More recently a second type of reversible activation of the enzyme was discovered [5, 61. It was noted that in inner membrane preparations (ETP or ETPB) NADH also activates the enzyme reversibly. Studies with suitable inhibitors indicated that NADH itself is not the direct activator, but merely serves to reduce endo- genous ubiquinone, so that the reduced quinone ap- pears to be the immediate activating agent. This con- clusion was verified by two experimental approaches: (1) reduced ubiquinone (CoQ,,H,) is at least as good an activator as NADH in membrane preparations and (2) in pentane-extracted preparations, which are de- void of CoQie, NADH no longer activates, but succi- nate or malonate still do; on reincorporation of the CoQie activation by NADH is restored [S, 61, Acti- vation via CoQ,,H2 is characterized by the same ki- netic and thermodynamic parameters as by substrates, and thus might involve the same type of conformation- al alteration. Since the reduced/oxidized CoQic ratio undergoes
Measurement of NO2 2B2 state g values by optical radio frequency double resonance

Abstract The g values for some selected levels of the NO 2 6126 and 5933 A bands were measured using optical radio frequency double resonance. The g values are found to be well described by the Hund's case (b) coupling scheme.
Nonpeptide Angiotensin AT1 and AT2 Receptor Ligands Modulate the Upper Limit of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in Rats

Summary: We investigated the effect of angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptor blockade on the upper limit of CBF autoregulation in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. CBF was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry from the parietal cortex and MABP was increased by intravenous phenylephrine infusion. Neither the AT2 antagonist lo-sartan nor the AT2 ligand PD 123319 nor angiotensin II (ANG II) in the presence of losartan affected baseline CBF. When the blood pressure was increased in the control group, CBF remained fairly constant up to 145 mm Hg and increased steeply after 150 mm Hg. Both PD 123319 (7–10 mg/kg) and losartan (1–10 mg/kg) shifted the upper limit of CBF autoregulation toward higher pressures. Intravenous infusion of PD 123319 was more effective than bolus injection. The losartan effect was dose dependent. Selective stimulation of AT2 receptors with an intravenous ANG II infusion (0.54 µg/min) in the presence of losartan did not reverse the effect of losartan on CBF autoregulation, but, on the contrary, appeared to further shift the upper limit of autoregulation toward higher pressures. The results implicate a role for both AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptors in the regulation of CBF
An iterative division algorithm for FPGAs

Division is one of the most complicated and expensive arithmetic operations. Both clock frequency and operation delay are limited by the memory wall, even in LUT-based FPGA devices. To conquer the memory limitation, we propose a hybrid division algorithm which employs Prescaling, Series expansion and Taylor expansion (PST) algorithms. The proposed algorithm boosts very-high radix division efficiently. The algorithm is multiplicative, and feasible for the modern FPGA devices with build-in multipliers. The algorithm is implemented in Altera StratixII FPGA devices and compared with the division IP core generated by MegaWizard. The result shows that the PST algorithm has higher clock frequency, lower execution time and also lower power consumption.
Finding and Preparing Teachers

The way you teach has a significant influence on the learners and may well be the factor which determines whether your students choose teaching as their life work.
Explaining a member organization's influence in an r&d consortium: A joint test of the dimensions of task characteristics and organizing routines and of the level of analysis

Companies have created R&D consortia to facilitate the development of technological innovations. Central to effective use of a consortium is establishing the appropriate level of influence over the consortium's activities. This study investigates the determinants of a member's influence level by drawing upon two distinctions central to explaining organization structures: between task characteristics and organizing routines and between member organization and collective factors. The former denotes whether a member's influence stems from the specific task the alliance addresses or from established routines. The latter differentiates between concerns specific to a member organization from those of all members. I examine the importance of these for a member's perceived influence using data collected from member organizations of U.S.-based R&D consortia. The findings reveal that task characteristics and organizing routines affect perceived influence level, although not always as predicted. Likewise, the study finds that member organization and collective factors are also related to perceived influence levels. The results extend our understanding of the management of alliances, particularly R&D consortia.
Forced calcium entry and polarized growth of Funaria spores.

We have used both steady electric fields, and gradients of the divalent ionophore, A23187, to control the point at which rhizoids emerge from spores of the common moss Funaria hygrometrica. The spores were grown in a medium containing calcium nitrate as the only major salt. Spores tend to form rhizoids towards the positive electrode, with a half maximal response to a difference of 4–8 mV across each cell. They also tend to form rhizoids towards the end of higher ionophore concentration in response to A23187 gradients. Both of these responses are the same at pH 5.5 and 8.0. Our tentative explanation is that Funaria spores tend to form rhizoids where most calcium enters. However, the point of chloronema emergence is scarcely affected by steady fields of up to 45 mV/cell. Moreover, when steady fields are applied across already developed rhizoids or chloronemata, their subsequent growth is directed towards the negative electrode in both cases, with rhizoids giving a 50% response at only 3—5 mV/cell, and chloronemata being less responsive.
The effects of thoughts of survival and thoughts of death on recall in the adaptive memory paradigm

In a recent paper Hart and Burns (2012) presented evidence that conditions that prime thoughts of one's mortality benefit recall. Drawing on the conceptual relation between thoughts of death and thoughts of survival, Hart and Burns interpret their findings as suggestive of the possibility that death-related thoughts function in manner similar to survival-related thoughts in enhancing recall. In the present study I draw on evolutionary arguments to question whether a conceptual relation between thoughts of death and thoughts of survival translates into a functional relation. I then present data showing that while death-related thoughts can promote high levels of recall, (a) the level achieved does not match that produced by survival processing and (b) survival and death cognition likely rely on different mechanisms to achieve their effects.
Assessing the undergraduate intern experience

ABSTRACT This article discusses the benefits and detriments of student internships in criminal justice programs that grant a baccalaureate degree. The authors reviewed contemporary literature and studies of internships for liberal arts majors in general and for criminal justice students in particular. Subjects addressed include selection criteria for students' eligibility, orientation of students before the internship, agency selection, the standard of care expected of faculty supervising students, techniques of maintaining the standard of care, benefits to academic departments, students and agencies, and legal liabilities of internships.
Elastic electron-nickel scattering

Abstract Electron-nickel elastic differential cross sections were measured at 300 MeV for the five stable isotopes. The charge distribution's isotopic dependence is found from a phase shift analysis employing a parabolic Fermi shape modified by a damped oscillatory function.
Rethinking Remedial Education and the Academic-Vocational Divide

In the United States and in other countries as well there are a number of government and philanthropic initiatives to help more people, particularly those from low-income backgrounds, enter and succeed in postsecondary education. These initiatives typically involve remedial education (because a significant number of students are academically underprepared) and vocational or occupational education (called Career and Technical Education in the United States) because many students elect an occupational pathway. On the remedial front, policy makers are calling for reform of remedial education, for it has proven to present various barriers to degree completion. On the CTE front, policy makers want more academic work integrated into career courses believed to better prepare students for the demands of the new economy. But both remediation and CTE emerge from and carry with them assumptions about knowledge and learning that limit their effectiveness, and these assumptions are reinforced by institutional structur...
Tools for expressive text-to-speech markup

This paper describes handicapped accessible text-to-speech markup software developed for poetry and performance. Most text-to-speech software allows the user to select a voice, but provides no control over performance parameters such as rate, volume, and pitch. For users with vocal disabilities, the default "computer voice" is often dreaded since it provides no personalization. Evolving standards exist for text-to-speech markup (Sable, Java Speech Markup Language, Spoken Text Markup Language), but few tools exist for non-experts to modify documents using these prosody options [1, 5]. Furthermore, we could find fewer tools allowing for straightforward live performance using a synthesized voice [3]. Thus we created an easy to learn text-to-speech markup tool that requires little training to use.
Culture of cotyledons of Douglas-fir on a medium for the induction of adventitious shoots induces rapid changes in polypeptide profiles and mRNA populations

Cotyledons of 3- to 4-week-old seedlings of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirh). Franco] were treated with shoot induction medium (SIM) containing 5 μM 6N-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 5 nM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Fresh weight, dry weight and soluble protein levels were not altered within the first 48 h of SIM treatment. SIM-treated cotyledons were labelled in vivo with 35 SO 4 2- , and TCA-in soluble proteins were analyzed electrophoretically by a 2-dimensional system consisting of non-equilibrium electrophoresis (NEPHGE) followed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel lectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
Axial and conformal anomalies for arbitrary spin in gravity and supergravity

Abstract We present a general algorithm for the construction of gravitational axial and conformal anomalies for fields of arbitrary spin. A variety of models is then displayed in which one or both of the anomalies vanish by cancellation. Our results are compared (and in the spin 3 2 case, contrasted) with previous calcultions.
Application of the SB distribution to the prediction of concomitant wood properties

It is frequently the case that multiple strength properties of structural wood members are simultaneously needed in design or research. A method has been developed to predict the probability distribution of concomitant material properties of wood from a knowledge of some correlated, nondestructive material property. The method developed in this study is based on properties of the univariate SB distribution and the bivariate SBB distribution. The technique involves a priori knowledge of the correlation relationship between a nondestructive parameter and the strength parameter for the two concomitant properties in question. A relationship is developed between the two nondestructive parameters and a simulation procedure is presented to predict either concomitant property from a single nondestructive measurement. The results showed that when a single parameter was predicted directly from a correlated variable, the simulated and experimental distributions were very similar (average error ≤3–4%). This result confirms previous findings. For the prediction of the concomitant property from an indirect relationship with another parameter, the absolute value of the average error was about 13%.
Justice and Education

In asking whether a given view about education is justified, two distinct questions arise. The first asks whether a given educational program meets its intended end. The second asks whether a given end is an appropriate one for any such program to seek. Harry Brighouse has recently argued that children should be taught the skills and methods of rational inquiry. In this article, I argue that his instrumental justification is not compelling. Independently of this, the end that Brighouse charges schools with pursuing - providing children with equal opportunity to live well - is not, I argue, justified non-instrumentally. I argue that every non-instrumental justification must be given in terms of Rawlsian public reasons and that Brighouse's is not. After establishing this, I provide such a justification for my view, which is that schools should provide children with equal opportunities for developing an ability to revise rationally conceptions of the good, in part, by teaching the skills and methods of ratio...
Signatures of the Immune Response

Abstract A compendium of global gene expression measurements from DNA microarray analysis of immune cells identifies gene expression signatures defining various lineages, differentiation stages, and signaling pathways. Germinal center (GC) B cells represent a discrete stage of differentiation with a unique gene expression signature. This includes genes involved in proliferation, as evidenced by high expression of G2/M phase regulators and low expression of ribosomal and metabolic genes that are transcriptional targets of c- myc . GC B cells also lack expression of the NF-κB signature genes, which may favor apoptosis. Finally, the transcriptional repression signature of BCL-6 reveals how this factor can prevent terminal differentiation of B cells and cause B cell lymphomas.
Social dynamic factors in multi-stakeholder decision making in the early stage of product development

When design decisions are made by a group of diverse stakeholders, the decision making process is affected by both technical and social dynamic factors and the design results are consequently a product of the joint influences. Though it is important, the role of social dynamic factors in design process is currently not well understood. In this work, our study is focused on a prioritising problem concerning understanding customer needs at the early stage, in particular, identifying Quality Requirements and their relative importance. We introduced one among many social dynamic factors, i.e. trust and investigated its role in the early stage design decision making of product development. Derived from the definition and principle forms of general trust, the trust concept used in the prioritising problem for our study is specified. The existing measurement scales used in social science are modified for measuring the trust in terms of trustworthiness.
Academic Locus of Control as an Individual Factor Influencing Student Dissent

Recently, instructional scholars have identified instructional dissent as a student’s expression of disagreement with a classroom policy or procedure (Goodboy, 2011a, 20011b; Horan, Chory, & Goodboy, 2010). To that end, this project uses Kassing's (1997, 1998) model of organizational dissent to explore the relationship between academic locus of control (i.e., an individual factor) and instructional dissent. Participants included 380 undergraduate students. Results indicated that students who perceive a greater locus of control over their learning environment (i.e., high academic locus of control) are somewhat more likely to express vengeful dissent (i.e., seek revenge or retaliation on their teacher). Further research investigating relational and organizational factors is needed.
VARIATIONS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF STABLE RNA'S DURING OOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF XENOPUS LAEVIS.

The rate of synthesis of ribosomal RNA varies greatly at different periods of development of Xenopus laevis eggs and embryos. The immature oocyte, which is a single cell, synthesizes many times more ribosomal RNA than the multicellular early embryo, whereas the synthesis of S-RNA† is much more intense in the early embryo than in the oocyte. 28 s and 18 s ribosomal RNA are synthesized in a co-ordinated fashion, lending further support to the idea that these molecules not only have a common genetic origin but also that their rate of synthesis is under common regulation.
Neurological Recovery after Cranioplasty

A patient who sustained a gunshot wound to the head was successfully treated with acute neurosurgical intervention. Six months after the injury, cranioplasty was used to repair a large skull defect. After cranioplasty, the patient developed significant improvement in motor function in his left upper extremity, which had been plegic after his injury. Although the mechanism of neurological recovery after cranioplasty is controversial, the occurrence of such improvement may be a sufficient indication for cranioplasty in certain patients.
The aggressive characteristics of abused and neglected children

Awareness of child abuse as a serious social problem has risen sharply in recent years, yet there has been only limited and inadequate research on the abused child's growth and development. This study investigated the aggressive characteristics of young abused children with those of nonabused-ne-glected and normal children, a comparison not previously made. Results indicated that abused children exhibited significantly more aggression than the nonabused-neglected and normal children on TAT stories and in a free play environment. Both the abused and the nonabused-neglected groups demonstrated significantly more aggression in a school setting than did normals. The findings lend empirical verification to previous descriptions of abused children as overly aggressive and support the social learning formulation that children exposed to aggressive parental models will demonstrate aggressive characteristics outside the home. The data are also consistent with prior research that links physical punishment in the home with hyperaggressiveness in children. The need for early identification and treatment of abused children is discussed.
Breakdown of the pseudopotential approximation for magnetic systems: Predicting magnetic quenching at the V(001) surface with spin-dependent pseudopotentials

Both experimentally [R.L. Fink et al., Phys. Rev. B 41, 10 175 (1990)] and using all-electron density-functional theory (DFT) method, the V(001) surface exhibits little or no magnetization. Very recently, independent pseudopotential DFT calculations demonstrated the breakdown of the pseudopotential approximation, showing large magnetic moments at the surface of a V(001) slab. Here we demonstrate that use of spin-dependent pseudopotentials systematically corrects the inaccuracies of conventional spin-neutral pseudopotentials, producing results consistent with all-electron ones. We also show how the use of the spin-dependent pseudopotentials allows one to achieve a high level of accuracy without the numerical difficulties and cost associated with accurate spin-neutral pseudopotentials.
Endogone flammicorona sp.nov., a distinctive segregate from Endogone lactiflua

A misinterpretation of Endogone lactiflua Berk. & Br. by Fischer in 1897, subsequently elaborated by Bucholtz, has persisted in the mycological literature. Zygospores were said to be characteristically mantled by a layer of sinuous, spiralling hyphae, the wall thickenings of which appear in cross-section as a ‘crown of names’ encircling the spore. Zygospores of the holotype of E. lactiflua , however, are thickly mantled by intricately interwoven hyphae, and the collection differs in other important respects from collections with ‘flame-crowned’ spores. Endogone flammicorona sp.nov. is proposed to accommodate the latter taxon.
Dependence of relative sweetness on hydrophobic bonding.

MANY differing types of sweet compounds have been known for some time, but it is only in recent years that an extensive investigation of the subject has been undertaken. Ferguson and his co-workers1–5 examined the physiological aspects of taste and attempted to correlate relative sweetness with certain physical properties.
Pityriasis amiantacea: a clinical and histopathological investigation

Summary Pityriasis amiantacea is a localized scaly disease of the scalp associated with temporary alopecia. The clinical findings from a group of 71 patients are described and biopsies from 18 of these showed eczematous changes to be the prominent feature.